Redalyc.Tree Species Community Spatial Structure in a Terra Firme
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Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. 7. Nitrogen-Fixing Clade1
Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. 7. Nitrogen-Fixing Clade1 Authors: Jiang, Wei, He, Hua-Jie, Lu, Lu, Burgess, Kevin S., Wang, Hong, et. al. Source: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 104(2) : 171-229 Published By: Missouri Botanical Garden Press URL: https://doi.org/10.3417/2019337 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-of-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non - commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Annals-of-the-Missouri-Botanical-Garden on 01 Apr 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS Volume 104 Annals Number 2 of the R 2019 Missouri Botanical Garden EVOLUTION OF ANGIOSPERM Wei Jiang,2,3,7 Hua-Jie He,4,7 Lu Lu,2,5 POLLEN. 7. NITROGEN-FIXING Kevin S. Burgess,6 Hong Wang,2* and 2,4 CLADE1 De-Zhu Li * ABSTRACT Nitrogen-fixing symbiosis in root nodules is known in only 10 families, which are distributed among a clade of four orders and delimited as the nitrogen-fixing clade. -
Recommendation of Native Species for the Reforestation of Degraded Land Using Live Staking in Antioquia and Caldas’ Departments (Colombia)
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI PADOVA Department of Land, Environment Agriculture and Forestry Second Cycle Degree (MSc) in Forest Science Recommendation of native species for the reforestation of degraded land using live staking in Antioquia and Caldas’ Departments (Colombia) Supervisor Prof. Lorenzo Marini Co-supervisor Prof. Jaime Polanía Vorenberg Submitted by Alicia Pardo Moy Student N. 1218558 2019/2020 Summary Although Colombia is one of the countries with the greatest biodiversity in the world, it has many degraded areas due to agricultural and mining practices that have been carried out in recent decades. The high Andean forests are especially vulnerable to this type of soil erosion. The corporate purpose of ‘Reforestadora El Guásimo S.A.S.’ is to use wood from its plantations, but it also follows the parameters of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). For this reason, it carries out reforestation activities and programs and, very particularly, it is interested in carrying out ecological restoration processes in some critical sites. The study area is located between 2000 and 2750 masl and is considered a low Andean humid forest (bmh-MB). The average annual precipitation rate is 2057 mm and the average temperature is around 11 ºC. The soil has a sandy loam texture with low pH, which limits the amount of nutrients it can absorb. FAO (2014) suggests that around 10 genera are enough for a proper restoration. After a bibliographic revision, the genera chosen were Alchornea, Billia, Ficus, Inga, Meriania, Miconia, Ocotea, Protium, Prunus, Psidium, Symplocos, Tibouchina, and Weinmannia. Two inventories from 2013 and 2019, helped to determine different biodiversity indexes to check the survival of different species and to suggest the adequate characteristics of the individuals for a successful vegetative stakes reforestation. -
Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) Com Ênfase Em Calliandra Benth
ELVIA RODRIGUES DE SOUZA ESTUDOS FILOGENÉTICOS NA TRIBO INGEAE (LEGUMINOSAE: MIMOSOIDEAE) COM ÊNFASE EM CALLIANDRA BENTH. E GÊNEROS AFINS Feira de Santana – BA 2007 UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE FEIRA DE SANTANA DEPARTAMENTO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BOTÂNICA ESTUDOS FILOGENÉTICOS NA TRIBO INGEAE (LEGUMINOSAE: MIMOSOIDEAE) COM ÊNFASE EM CALLIANDRA BENTH. E GÊNEROS AFINS ÉLVIA RODRIGUES DE SOUZA Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do título de Doutora em Botânica. ORIENTADOR: PROF. DR. LUCIANO PAGANUCCI DE QUEIROZ CO- ORIENTADOR: PROF. DR. CÁSSIO VAN DEN BERG FEIRA DE SANTANA – BA 2007 Ficha catalográfica: Biblioteca Central Julieta Carteado Souza, Élvia Rodrigues de S714e Estudos filogenéticos na tribo Ingeae (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) com ênfase em Calliandra Benth. e gêneros afins / Élvia Rodrigues de Souza. – Feira de Santana, 2007. 110 f. : il. Orientador: Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz Co-orientador: Cássio van den Berg Tese (Doutorado em Botânica)– Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2007. 1. Leguminosae. 2. Mimosoideae. 3. Calliandra. I. Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci. II. Berg, Cássio van den. III. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. IV. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas. V. Título. CDU: 582.736/.737 “Existe somente uma idade para a gente ser feliz, somente uma época na vida de cada pessoa em que é possível sonhar e fazer planos e ter energia bastante para realizá-los a despeito de todas as dificuldades e obstáculos. Uma só idade para a gente se encantar com a vida e viver apaixonadamente e desfrutar tudo com toda intensidade sem medo nem culpa de sentir prazer. -
UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS Instituto De Biologia
UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS Instituto de Biologia TIAGO PEREIRA RIBEIRO DA GLORIA COMO A VARIAÇÃO NO NÚMERO CROMOSSÔMICO PODE INDICAR RELAÇÕES EVOLUTIVAS ENTRE A CAATINGA, O CERRADO E A MATA ATLÂNTICA? CAMPINAS 2020 TIAGO PEREIRA RIBEIRO DA GLORIA COMO A VARIAÇÃO NO NÚMERO CROMOSSÔMICO PODE INDICAR RELAÇÕES EVOLUTIVAS ENTRE A CAATINGA, O CERRADO E A MATA ATLÂNTICA? Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Biologia Vegetal. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Fernando Roberto Martins ESTE ARQUIVO DIGITAL CORRESPONDE À VERSÃO FINAL DA DISSERTAÇÃO/TESE DEFENDIDA PELO ALUNO TIAGO PEREIRA RIBEIRO DA GLORIA E ORIENTADA PELO PROF. DR. FERNANDO ROBERTO MARTINS. CAMPINAS 2020 Ficha catalográfica Universidade Estadual de Campinas Biblioteca do Instituto de Biologia Mara Janaina de Oliveira - CRB 8/6972 Gloria, Tiago Pereira Ribeiro da, 1988- G514c GloComo a variação no número cromossômico pode indicar relações evolutivas entre a Caatinga, o Cerrado e a Mata Atlântica? / Tiago Pereira Ribeiro da Gloria. – Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2020. GloOrientador: Fernando Roberto Martins. GloDissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia. Glo1. Evolução. 2. Florestas secas. 3. Florestas tropicais. 4. Poliploide. 5. Ploidia. I. Martins, Fernando Roberto, 1949-. II. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Biologia. III. Título. Informações para Biblioteca Digital Título em outro idioma: How can chromosome number -
Sssiiisssttteeemmmaaa Dddeee
PPRROOGGRRAAMMAA DDEE DDOOCCTTOORRAADDOO CCOOOOPPEERRAADDOO DDEESSAARRRROOLLLLOO SSOOSSTTEENNIIIBBLLEE::: MMAANNEEJJOOSS FFOORREESSTTAALL YY TTUURRÍÍÍSSTTIIICCOO UUNNIIIVVEERRSSIIIDDAADD DDEE AALLIIICCAANNTTEE,,, EESSPPAAÑÑAA YY UUNNIIIVVEERRSSIIIDDAADD DDEE PPIIINNAARR DDEELL RRÍÍÍOO,,, CCUUBBAA TTEESSIIISS EENN OOPPCCIIIÓÓNN AALL GGRRAADDOO CCIIIEENNTTÍÍÍFFIIICCOO DDEE DDOOCCTTOORR EENN EECCOOLLOOGGÌÌÌAA SSIISSTTEEMMAA DDEE CCLLAASSIIFFIICCAACCIIÓÓNN AARRTTIIFFIICCIIAALL DDEE LLAASS MMAAGGNNOOLLIIAATTAASS SSIINNÁÁNNTTRROOPPAASS DDEE CCUUBBAA AASSPPIIIRRAANNTTEE::: LLiiicc... PPeeddrrroo PPaabbllloo HHeerrrrrreerrraa OOllliiivveerrr IIInnvveesstttiiiggaaddoorrr AAuuxxiiillliiiaarrr CCeenntttrrroo NNaacciiioonnaalll ddee BBiiiooddiiivveerrrssiiiddaadd IIInnsstttiiitttuutttoo ddee EEccoolllooggíííaa yy SSiiissttteemmáátttiiiccaa MMiiinniiissttteerrriiioo ddee CCiiieenncciiiaass,,, TTeeccnnoolllooggíííaa yy MMeeddiiioo AAmmbbiiieenntttee TTUUTTOORREESS::: CCUUBBAA DDrrraa... NNaannccyy EEssttthheerrr RRiiiccaarrrddoo NNááppoollleess IIInnvveesstttiiiggaaddoorrr TTiiitttuulllaarrr CCeenntttrrroo NNaacciiioonnaalll ddee BBiiiooddiiivveerrrssiiiddaadd IIInnsstttiiitttuutttoo ddee EEccoolllooggíííaa yy SSiiissttteemmáátttiiiccaa MMiiinniiissttteerrriiioo ddee CCiiieenncciiiaass,,, TTeeccnnoolllooggíííaa yy MMeeddiiioo AAmmbbiiieenntttee EESSPPAAÑÑAA DDrrr... AAnnddrrrééuu BBoonneettt IIInnvveesstttiiiggaaddoorrr TTiiitttuulllaarrr DDeeppaarrrtttaammeenntttoo ddee EEccoolllooggíííaa UUnniiivveerrrssiiiddaadd ddee AAllliiiccaanntttee CCUUBBAA -
BIOENSAIOS DE Abarema Cochliocarpa (GOMES) BARNEBY & GRIMES (LEGUMINOSAE)
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS DA SAÚDE DEPARTAMENTO DE CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS BIOENSAIOS DE Abarema cochliocarpa (GOMES) BARNEBY & GRIMES (LEGUMINOSAE) RENATA PATRÍCIA FREITAS SOARES DE JESUS RECIFE 2010 2 RENATA PATRÍCIA FREITAS SOARES DE JESUS BIOENSAIOS DE Abarema cochliocarpa (GOMES) BARNEBY & GRIMES (LEGUMINOSAE) Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, do Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, como um dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Área de Concentração: Avaliação e Obtenção de Produtos Bioativos e Naturais. Orientadora: Profª Drª. Ivone Antônia de Souza. Co-orientador: Prof. Dr. Fábio Correia Sampaio Prof. Dr. Geraldo Bosco Lindoso Couto. RECIFE 2010 3 4 Jesus, Renata Patrícia Freitas Soares de Bioensaios de Abarema cochliocarpa (Gomes) Barneby & Grimes (Leguminosae) / Renata Patrícia Freitas Soares de Jesus. – Recife : O Autor, 2010. 239 folhas; il., fig., tab., gráf. Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. CCS. Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2010. Inclui bibliografia, apêndices e anexos. 1. Antimicrobianos. 2. Abarema cochliocarpa. 3. Inflamação. 4. Antinociceptivo. 5. Carcinogênese. I. Título. 615 CDU (2.ed.) UFPE 615.1 CDD (20.ed.) CCS2010-148 5 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS DA SAÚDE DEPARTAMENTO DE CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS DOUTORADO EM OBTENÇÃO E AVALIAÇÃO DE PRODUTOS NATURAIS E BIOATIVOS AMARO HENRIQUE PESSOA LINS REITOR GILSON EDMAR GONÇALVES E SILVA VICE-REITOR ANÍSIO BRASILEIRO DE FREITAS DOURADO PRÓ-REITOR PARA ASSUNTOS DE PESQUISA E PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO JOSÉ THADEU PINHEIRO DIRETOR DO CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS DA SAÚDE MÁRCIO ANTÔNIO DE A. -
Bibliografía Botánica Del Caribe I
Consolidated bibliography Introduction To facilitate the search through the bibliographies prepared by T. Zanoni (Bibliographía botánica del Caribe, Bibliografía de la flora y de la vegetatíon de la isla Española, and the Bibliography of Carribean Botany series currently published in the Flora of Greater Antilles Newsletter), the html versions of these files have been put together in a single pdf file. The reader should note the coverage of each bibliography: Hispaniola is exhaustively covered by all three bibliographies (from the origin up to now) while other areas of the Carribean are specifically treated only since 1984. Please note that this pdf document is made from multiple documents, this means that search function is called by SHIFT+CTRL+F (rather than by CTRL+F). Please let me know of any problem. M. Dubé The Jardín Botánico Nacional "Dr. Rafael M. Moscoso," Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, publishers of the journal Moscosoa, kindly gave permission for the inclusion of these bibliographies on this web site. Please note the present address of T. Zanoni : New York Botanical Garden 200th Street at Southern Blvd. Bronx, NY 10458-5126, USA email: [email protected] Moscosoa 4, 1986, pp. 49-53 BIBLIOGRAFÍA BOTÁNICA DEL CARIBE. 1. Thomas A. Zanoni Zanoni. Thomas A. (Jardín Botánico Nacional, Apartado 21-9, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana). Bibliografía botánica del Caribe. 1. Moscosoa 4: 49-53. 1986. Una bibliografía anotada sobre la literatura botánica publicada en los años de 1984 y 1985. Se incluyen los temas de botánica general y la ecología de las plantas de las islas del Caribe. An annotated bibliography of the botanical literature published in 1984 and 1985, covering all aspects of botany and plant ecology of the plants of the Caribbean Islands. -
Redalyc.STRUCTURE of 15 HECTARES PERMANENT PLOTS of TERRA FIRME DENSE FOREST in CENTRAL AMAZON
Revista Árvore ISSN: 0100-6762 [email protected] Universidade Federal de Viçosa Brasil Emidio da Silva, Katia; Venâncio Martins, Sebastião; Alvares Soares Ribeiro, Carlos Antônio; Terra Santos, Nerilson; de Azevedo, Celso Paulo STRUCTURE OF 15 HECTARES PERMANENT PLOTS OF TERRA FIRME DENSE FOREST IN CENTRAL AMAZON Revista Árvore, vol. 40, núm. 4, julio-agosto, 2016, pp. 603-615 Universidade Federal de Viçosa Viçosa, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=48847414004 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Structure of 15 hectares permanent plots of... 603 STRUCTURE OF 15 HECTARES PERMANENT PLOTS OF TERRA FIRME DENSE FOREST IN CENTRAL AMAZON1 Katia Emidio da Silva2, Sebastião Venâncio Martins3*, Carlos Antônio Alvares Soares Ribeiro3, Nerilson Terra Santos4 and Celso Paulo de Azevedo2 1 Received on 24.10.2013 accepted for publication on 01.12.2015. 2 Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Manaus, Amazonas - Brasil. E-mail: <[email protected]> and <[email protected]>. 3 Universidade Federal de Viçosa - Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Viçosa, MG - Brasil. E-mail: <[email protected]> and <[email protected]>. 4 Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Viçosa, MG - Brasil. E-mail: <[email protected]>. *Corresponding author. ABSTRACT – Terra Firme dense forest occurs in 65% of the Amazonian region and is characterized by the high diversity of plant species and high occurrence of rare plant species. -
Angiosperm Phylogeny Based on 18S/26S Rdna Sequence Data: Constructing a Large Data Set Using Next-Generation Sequence Data Author(S): Vitor H
Angiosperm Phylogeny Based on 18S/26S rDNA Sequence Data: Constructing a Large Data Set Using Next-Generation Sequence Data Author(s): Vitor H. Maia, Matthew A. Gitzendanner, Pamela S. Soltis, Gane Ka-Shu Wong, and Douglas E. Soltis Source: International Journal of Plant Sciences, Vol. 175, No. 6 (July/August 2014), pp. 613- 650 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/676675 . Accessed: 02/11/2015 13:34 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to International Journal of Plant Sciences. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 23.235.32.0 on Mon, 2 Nov 2015 13:34:26 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Int. J. Plant Sci. 175(6):613–650. 2014. ᭧ 2014 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 1058-5893/2014/17506-0001$15.00 DOI: 10.1086/676675 ANGIOSPERM PHYLOGENY BASED ON 18S/26S rDNA SEQUENCE DATA: CONSTRUCTING A LARGE DATA SET USING NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCE DATA Vitor H. Maia,*,†,‡ Matthew A. -
Vascular Flora of the Babitonga Bay Region (Santa Catarina, Brazil): Diversity and Origins
Vascular Flora of the Babitonga Bay Region (Santa Catarina, Brazil): Diversity and Origins Der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades vorgelegt von Jotham Ziffer Berger aus Tel Aviv Als Dissertation genehmigt von der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 15.7.2008 Vorsitzender der Promotionskommission: Prof. Dr. Eberhard Bänsch Erstberichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Werner Nezadal Zweitberichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Karin Esemann de Quadros ii לסבתי רות ברגר iii CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4 1 INTRODUCTION 5 1.1 THE ATLANTIC FOREST 5 1.2 SCOPE OF THE SURVEY 8 1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 10 2 THE STUDY AREA 11 2.1 GEOGRAPHIC LOCALIZATION 11 2.2 CLIMATE 14 2.3 GEOLOGICAL FEATURES 19 2.4 VEGETATION 26 2.5 USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES 35 3 METHODOLOGY 37 3.1 SELECTION OF SAMPLING LOCATIONS 37 3.2 FIELD WORK 38 3.3 SURVEY OF HERBARIUM SPECIMENS AND PREVIOUS CHECKLISTS 39 3.4 DETERMINATION OF PLANT SPECIMENS 39 3.5 BIOGEOGRAPHIC SURVEY 41 3.6 APPLIED TERMINOLOGY 42 3.7 DATA ARRANGEMENT AND PROCESSING 45 4 RESULTS 48 DETAILED PLANT LIST 48 4.1 PTERIDOPHYTES 48 4.2 SEED PLANTS 57 1 4.3 SUMMARY STATISTICS 128 5 DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS AND ORIGINS OF THE FLORA 134 5.1 ENDEMISM 134 5.2 SPECIES OF THE ATLANTIC FOREST AND ADJACENT REGIONS 143 5.3 WIDESPREAD SPECIES OF TROPICAL AMERICA 146 6 DIVERSITY, DISTRIBUTION AND CONSERVATION OF SELECTED TAXONOMIC GROUPS 151 6.1 ASTERACEAE 151 6.2 POACEAE 151 6.3 CYPERACEAE 152 6.4 ORCHIDACEAE 153 -
Structure of 15 Hectares Permanent Plots of Terra Firme Dense Forest in Central Amazon1
Structure of 15 hectares permanent plots of... 603 STRUCTURE OF 15 HECTARES PERMANENT PLOTS OF TERRA FIRME DENSE FOREST IN CENTRAL AMAZON1 Katia Emidio da Silva2, Sebastião Venâncio Martins3*, Carlos Antônio Alvares Soares Ribeiro3, Nerilson Terra Santos4 and Celso Paulo de Azevedo2 1 Received on 24.10.2013 accepted for publication on 01.12.2015. 2 Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Manaus, Amazonas - Brasil. E-mail: <[email protected]> and <[email protected]>. 3 Universidade Federal de Viçosa - Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Viçosa, MG - Brasil. E-mail: <[email protected]> and <[email protected]>. 4 Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Viçosa, MG - Brasil. E-mail: <[email protected]>. *Corresponding author. ABSTRACT – Terra Firme dense forest occurs in 65% of the Amazonian region and is characterized by the high diversity of plant species and high occurrence of rare plant species. The objective of this work was to analyze the horizontal structure of 15 hectares of plots, randomly chosen from a set of 400 ha of permanent plots situated at the Experimental Site of Embrapa, Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil. All individuals with DBH > 10 cm were identified at the level of species in 2005. The VI values (Values of importance) were separated in classes of range with one (01) standard deviation and the individuals distributed according to DBH classes of 10 cm in amplitude. In total, 8771 individuals were identified, distributed into 264 species and 53 families. A larger number of individuals is concentrated in a few number of species, such as Protium hebetatum D.C. Daly, Eschweilera coriacea (DC.) S.A. -
The Evolution of Bird Pollination Syndromes in the Macaronesian Lotus (Leguminosae)
THE EVOLUTION OF BIRD POLLINATION IN MACARONESIAN LOTUS SECTION RHYNCHOLOTUS (LEGUMINOSAE) by Isidro Ojeda Alayón A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in The Faculty of Graduate Studies (Botany) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) March, 2011 © Isidro Ojeda Alayón, 2011 ABSTRACT In order to understand the evolutionary transition from bee pollination (melittophily) to bird pollination (ornithophily), I studied a group of Lotus from Macaronesia. First, I provided a combined phylogenetic framework using nuclear and plastid genes, where I showed that the morphological features adapted to opportunistic passerine birds in Tenerife and La Palma are derived and evolved recently within the last 1.2 Ma in four species. I also identified Lotus sessilifolius as the most likely closely related species with melittophily. I showed that L. sessilifolius and the clade where this syndrome evolved had a pre-adaptation to produce a color change to red flowers (and the associated anthocyanidin pigment, cyanidin) as a possible strategy to increase bee foraging efficiency. The transition from yellow to red flowers in this group required only a redirection in the flux of pigment production and a modification in the proportions of flavonols and anthocyanidins, especially within the cyanidin branch. I also found that petal micromorphology is highly modified between the two syndromes. I found that ornithophilous flowers lack the typical papillose conical cells, which are distributed in the exposed sides of the petals in bee-pollinated flowers. This reduction of conical cells is associated with an early down-regulation of a dorsal identity gene in legumes, LjCYC2.