1955 ·cONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1215 to serve as members of the Board of Visitors day of February 1955, at 1:30 post meridian HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to the United States Coast Guard Academy and to bring with him certain and sundry for the year 1955: Hon. EDWARD A. GARMATZ; papers in the possession and under the con MONDAY, FEBRUARY 7,1955 Hon. LEONOR K. SULLIVAN; Hon. JOHN J, trol of the House of Representatives: There ALLEN, JR. fore be it The House met at 12 o'clock noon. As chairman of the Committee on Mer Resolved, That by the privileges of this The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, chant Marine and Fisheries, I am authorized House no evidence of a documentary char D. D., offered the following prayer: to serve as an ex officio member of the acter under the control and in the possession Board. of the Ho"use of Representatives can, by the Eternal God, our Father, in these Sincerely, mandate of process of the ordinary courts strange and troublous days, wilt Thou be· HERBERT C. BONNER, of justice, be taken from such control or especially favorable unto our President, Chairman. possession but by its permission; be it fur- our Speaker, and all the Members of ther , Resolved, That when it appears by the Congress, granting them insight and un BETTm M. BACON AGAINST order of the court or of the judge thereof, derstanding, wisdom and guidance. UNITED STATES or of any legal offi-cer charged with the ad Inspire them with a high sense of ministration of the orders of such court or duty and a fearless determination to fol The SPEAKER laid before the House judge, that documentary evidence in the low the ways of peace and righteousness, the following communication from the possession and under the control of the and do that which is well pleasing unto Clerk of the House: House is · needful for use in any court of Thee. FEBRUARY 5, 1955. justice, or before any judge or such legal The honorable the SPEAKER, officer, for the promotion of justice, this May the kind of civilization we are House of Representatives. House will take such order thereon as will longing and laboring for be one that has SIR: From the District Court of the United promote the ends of justice consistently with in it the Christlike spirit of justice and States for the District of Columbia the dis the privileges and rights of this House; be kindness, of brotherhood and love. bursing clerk of the House of Representatives it further To Thy name we ·ascribe all the has received a subpena duces tecum, directed Resolved, That Harry M. Livingston, dis praise. Amen. to him as such officer, to appear before said bursing clerk of the House, be authorized to court as a witness in the case of Bettie M. appear at the place and before the court The Journal of the proceedings of Bacon v. United States (civil action No. named in the subpena duces tecum before Thursday, February 3, 1955, was read 2384-53) , and to bring with him certain and mentioned, but shall not take with him any and approved. sundry papers therein described in the files papers or documents on file in his office or of the House of Representatives. under his control or in possession of the The rules and practice of the House of Clerk of the House; be it further MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE Representatives indicates that no official of Resolved, That when said court deterxnines A message from the Senate, by Mr. the House may, either voluntarily or in upon the materiality and the relevancy of Carrell, one of its clerks, announced obedience to a subpena duces tecum, pro the papers and documents called for in the duce such papers without the consent of subpena duces tecum, then the said court, that the Senate had passed without the House being first obtained. It is fur through any of its officers or agents, have amendment a concurrent resolution of ther indicated that he may not supply copies full permission to attend with all proper the House of the following title: of certain of the documents and papers re parties to the proceeding and then always at H. Con. Res. 61. Concurrent resolution ex quested without such consent. any place under the orders and control of tending felicitations to Michigan State Col The subpena in question is herewith at this House and take copies of any documents lege on the lOOth anniversary o! its founding. tached, and the matter is presented for such or papers and the Clerk is authorized to sup action as the House in its wisdom may see ply certified copies of such documents and fit to take. papers in possession or control of said Clerk BOARD OF VISITORS TO THE Respectfully yours, that the court has· found to be material and UNITED STATES MERCHANT MA RALPH R. ROBERTS, relevant, except mi:q.utes and transcripts of Clerk of the House of Representatives. executive sessions, and any evidence of wit RINE ACADEMY nesses in respect thereto which the court or The SPEAKER laid before the House The Clerk read the subpena, as follows: other proper officer thereof shall desire, so the following communication: UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DIS• as, however, the possession of said docu . . TRICT OF COLUMBIA-BETTIE M. BACON, ments and papers by the said Clerk shall not HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, be disturbed, or the same shall not be re Washington, D. C., January 31, 1955. PLAINTIFF, V. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, DEFENDANT-CIVIL ACTION No. 2384-53 moved from their place of file or custody The SPEAKER, under said Clerk; and be it further The House of Representatives, To: Mr. HARRY M. LIVINGSTON, United States Resolved, That copy of these resolutions be Washington, D. C. Capitol, House Disbursing Office, Wash transmitted to the said court as a respect MY DEAR MR. SPEAKER: Pursuant to Public ington, D. C.: !ul answer to the subpena aforementioned. Law 301 of the 78th Congress, I have ap You are hereby commanded to appear in pointed the following members of the Com (this court) to give testimony in the above The SPEAKER. The question is on mittee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries to entitled cause on the 8th day of February the resolution. serve as members of the Board of Visitors to 1955 at 1:30 o'clock p. m. (and bring with The resolution was agreed to, and a the United States Merchant Marine Academy you) the records concerning the salary of motion to reconsider was laid on the for the year 1955: Hon. FRANK W. BOYKIN, the plaintiff, Bettie M. Bacon, during the Hon. EDWARD J. ROBESON, JR., Hon. WILLIAM months of April and May of 1953 and do table. K. VAN PELT. not depart without leave. As chairman of the Committee on Mer HARRY M. HULL, Clerk. REPORT FROM THE COMMITTEE ON chant Marine and Fisheries, I am authorized By WM. A. YATES, RULES to serve as an ex officio member of the Board. Deputy Clerk. Sincerely, ·Date: February 4, 1955. Mr. SMITH of Virginia. . Mr. Speaker, HERBERT C. BoNNER, JAMES A. WILLEY, I ask unanimous consent that the Com Chairman. Willey & Crooks, 925 15th Street NW., mittee on Rules may have until midnight Attorney jor Plaintiff, Washington, D. C. tonight to file a report on the Draft Act BOARD OF VISITORS TO UNITED legislation. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I The SPEAKER. Is there objection to STATES 'COAST GUARD ACADEMY offer a resolution (H. Res. 132) and ask the request of the gentleman from Vir The SPEAKER laid before the House for its immediate consideration. ginia? the following communication: The Clerk read as follows: There was no objection. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Whereas in the case of Bettie M. Bacon Washington, D. C., Fegruary 4, 1955. • v. The United States (No. 2384-53, civil The SPEAKER, docket) pending in the District Court of the SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED The House of Representatives, . United States for the District of Columbia, Mr. FORRESTER asked and was given Washington, D. C. a subpena duces tecum was issued by the MY DEAR MR. SPEAKER: Pursuant to section said court and addressed to Harry M. Liv permission to address the House for 20 194 of title 14 of the United States Code, I ingston, disbursing clerk of the House of minutes on tomorrow, following the leg have appointed the following members of the Representatives, directing him to appear as islative business of the day and any spe Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries ~ witness before the said court on the 8th cial orders heretofore entered. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.- HOUSE February 'l. COMMITTEE ON THE ECONOMICS OF. The Milwaukee Association of Commerce But there is something far greater at ATOMIC DEFENSE ~, has strongly protested the President's stake than the commerce,· the comfm;t, action of. February 1, pointing out the and the convenience of the people of my Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, I ask blow that this strikes at hundreds of city and the other cities served: That unanimous consent to address the House Milwaukee tourists and businessmen. In something is the ·stern requirement of for 1 minute and to revise and extend my a telegram addressed to me, the associa~ the Civil Aeronautics Act that, wherever remarks. tion states: taxpayers' dollars are not going to be The SPEAKER. Is there objection to The growing volume of Milwaukee and wasted thereby, competition is to be en the request of the gentleman from Wisconsin business with Hawaii, Alaska, and couraged and monopoly frustrated in our Missouri? the Orient would be seriously affected unless air transportation. Section 2 of the act There was no objection. . the President's order for the termination of sets forth the considerations which shall Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, today, I the inner great circle route from Milwau govern the certification of airline routes have reintroduced my concurrent reso· kee to Alaska and the Seattle-Hawaii route in foreign and domestic commerce: lution providing for a Joint Committee of Northwest Airlines is completely re on the Economics of Atomic Defense. scinded. (a) The encouragement and development - These air routes are vital to national de of an air-transportation system properly In the 83d Congress this was House Con·. fense and basic to Milwaukee's $6 billion adapted to the present and future needs of current Resolution 229. volume of manufacturing and trade as well the foreign and domestic commerce of the The achievement of a durable peace as our growing volume of foreign trade with United States, of the postal service, and of must be our first order of business. the Orient. the national defense; . Peace is possible and it is our duty to We respectfully request that you do all in (b) The regulation of air transportation the future to do everything we can to your power to have the President not only in such manner as to recognize and preserve achieve it. Selective industrial and ~odify his previous order as reported in the the inherent advantages of, insure the high urban dispersal might make the differ Sunday press, but to completely rescind this est degree of safety in, and foster sound order and issue permanent certificates for economic <::onditiqns i:r;1, s_uch transportation, ence between atomic war and peace. In both of these routes based on past perform and to improve the relations between, and the event of atomic war dispersal might ance and in the public interest as recom 900rdinate transportatiqn by, air carriers; . make the difference between defeat and mended by the CAB. (c) The promotion of ·adequate, econom victory. Gov. Walter Kohler, Jr., has tele· ical, and efficient service by air carriers at Terrifying as are the threat of ther. reasonable charges, without unjust discrimi~ monuclear warfare and the dreadful im· graphed his protest to the President, and, nations, undue preferences or advantages, or plications of radioactive fallout, we must a resolution has been introduced in the unfair or destructive competitive practices; steel ourselves to face the facts and_ Wisconsin Assembly likewise pro-testing (d) Competition to the extent neces8ary the Presidential order. In addition, I to assure the sound development of an air prepare our defenses. There seems lit· transportation system properly adapted to tle doubt that space is still the best de·. have received many protests from men and women in all walks of life, of which the needs of the foreign· and domestic com fense against H-bomb attack. the following telegram is typical: merce of the United States, of the postal The committee I suggest would study service, and of -the national defense; the feasibility of and ways of achieving . President's decision to close Hawaii routes (e) The regulation of air commerce in industrial and urban dispersion. My of Northwest Airlines believed detrimental such manner as to best promote its develop to Wisconsin and national interests, also ment and safety; and resolution has received support from top· NW A-Twin Cities-Edmonton Alaska route. flight scientists and civil defense o:flicials · (f) The encouragement and development ~orthwest only major international airline of civil aeronautics. and is favored by the Federation of servicing State. Wisconsin's first airline is. American Scientists and the American· Northwest. Wisconsin helped Northwest The emphasis on competition set forth Municipal Association. grow to a major American-flag carrier. in criterion (d) should be particularly Only if we can absorb an all-out enemy Nqrthwest vital to Wisconsin's transporta noted. tion needs. Why should Northwest be de surprise attack can we be sure that we nied these routes they pioneered? Why . Since before · 1948, Pan American will have the ability to retaliate against should Wisconsin be. denied direct service World Airways and United Airlines have an aggressor. There are many things to market areas where Wisconsin does busi operated to Hawaii from Los Angeles we must do if our defenses are to be ade· J;less? Northwest has offered to operate to and San Francisco and, since 1948, Pan quate-dispersal is one of them. Hawaii subsidy free. This should be good American and Northwest have operated reason to request the President to recon-. . to Hawai~ from Seattle-" Portland. Hear:. sider his order to the CAB. Will Wiscon.siri ings in the West Coast-Hawaii case be~ AIR SERVICE BETWEEN SEATTLE, residents have to go to Chicago for this air service, or will they continue to have it ·at fore the Civil Aeronautics Board and its WASH., AND HQNOLULU home? I am an employee of Northwest and . examiner have been conducted at great Mr. REUSS. Mr. ·speaker, I ask lifelong resident of Wisconsin. Wisconsin length this past year, with volumes and unanimous consent to address the House· needs Northwest for the same reason as the volumes of exhaustive testimony. After for 1 minute and to revise and extend my St,. Lawrence Seaway. It is our air outlet to due deliberation, the Civil Areonautics the East, the West, and the Pacific. It is Board has voted that the national inter· remarks. - increasingly important to Wisconsin business The SPEAKER. Is there objection to interests. Request your sincere efforts to est would be best served if all three air· the request of the gentleman from have decision reconsidered. Time is of the lin~s continued to operate on the Hawaii Wisconsin? essence. route, with the Seattle-Portland-Hawaii There was no objection. JOHN H. MAY. run of Pan American to be canceled; Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, the Presi· MILWAUKEE, WIS •. Northwest left on that run, and Pan dent on February 1 issued instructions' When I heard of the President's order, American and United left 'on the Hawaii to the Civil Aeronautics Board overrul· I c·ould hardly believe it. I have tried to run originating in Los Angeles-S;;, n ing the Board in the West Coast-Hawaii determine if one shred of justification Francisco. case, Docket No. 5589, thus killing the for the order exists. If there is one, I , The Civil Aeronautics .Board's deci flight of Northwest Airlines on the route have yet to find it. I believe the Presi· s~on is reported to be unanimous-with·· New York-Milwaukee-Twin Cities-Seat~ dent's instructions are not only unfair out dissent from any of the three Repub· tie-Portland-Hawaii, and vesting an ef to large· numbers of our people in Mil licans and two Democrats who are its fective monopoly over the Seattle-Port· waukee, the Twin -Cities, Seattle, Port· members. . The Board's decision has not land-Hawaii flight in Pan-American land, and eleswhere, but that they en yet been made public, but from the over World Airways. courage monopoly and fly in the face of whelming. public testimony before the No reason is assigned by the Prel;)ident the policy set up by this Congress for the Board at the hearing, the following for his action beyond the statement: "I governing of our air transportation pieces of ·undisputed e·vidence indicate do not approve." system. that the decision to leave Northwest en I was in Milwaukee over the weekend · Since Northwest Airlines' service to the Hawaii run is the only proper deci· when I first heard of the President's in-. Hawaii was · started in 1948, thousands sion: . structions. It is an understatement tn of people from Milwaukee-and elsewhere ~ First~ From the start .of the Seattleoo~ say that Milwaukee was shocked by the have benefited by its use. Their inter.. Portland-Hawaii service in 1948 to the President's decision to cut it off from its ests should not be wiped out by an un commencement of the hearings, North one direct access to world air service. explained st~oke of the President's pen. west has carried a majority of the pas- 1955 CONGR£SSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1217 . senger traffic on that run, and would · The only basis I can see for giving a The SPEAKER. Is there objection to hence seem to be making a go of it. subsidized Seattle-Portland-Hawaii and the request of the gentleman from · Second. Northwest offers a direct a Rangoon-Tokyo monopoly to Pan · Pennsylvania? flight from New York-Milwaukee-Twin · American instead of having the routes There was no objection. Cities-Seattle-Portland-Hawaii, whereas - covered by the unsubsidized TWA and Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, it could be Pan American operates solely on the . Northwest Airlines, is to make Pan that my remarks in this historic forum Seattle-Portland-Hawaii end of the run. American, already our biggest airline today will not be world shattering but Third. Most important, Northwest monopoly, .a bigger one. in the midst of the storm and stress of Airlines at the hearings voluntarily un- · In his economic report of January 20, world events I bring you a heartwarming dertook to operate the Hawaii run with· . the President bravely proclaimed: and typical American story. I have be out subsidy ·and hence without cost to · ·Government should persist in its efforts to fore me a newspaper story from the the taxpayers. Their counsel, Mr. Ed- . maintain easy entry into trade and industry, Washington Post and Times Herald to ward Leasure, on May 28, 1954, stated to to check monopoly, and to preserve a com- the effect that little Wilkes College in the Board: petitive environment. Wilkes-Barre, Pa., my hometown, de Northwest can and will operate on a com- The President's action of February 1 feated the great Princeton University in · pens~tory rate without subsidy, and we make is an odd way to start on this bold and the recent intercollegiate debates held in that offer. (Record, p. 127, docket 5589.) dynamic antimonopoly program. Baltimore, Md., this past week. Twenty four of the Nation's best colleges and Pan American, as is well known, gets In his budget message of January 17, the lion's share of all the subsidies we the President promised that: universities took part in the contest, and pay to our United states airlines operat- This administration will continue to exer it is a high honor for the victor, Wilkes ing internationally. Its subsidy for last cise the utmost care in the manner in which College. it uses the taxpayers' money. It will con But the thing that will warm your year alone is in excess of $15 million. · tinue to purchase what we must have for our hearts today is the fact that the out Pan American made no such offer of security, well-being, and prosperity with the standing debater, also the individual foregoing a subsidy, and under the Pres- ' fewest possible number of dollars. And it scholar who took part, was J. Harold ident's order, will continue to be eligible will continue to administer the huge Gov Flannery, Jr. Most of you I am sure will . for one on the Seattle-Portland-Hawaii ernment organization more efficiently. recall with friendly pleasure this bril route. · The explanation of why we should liant young man's father, my distin Fourth. Continuing Northwest as a waste taxpayers' dollars on subsidizing guished predecessor in this House of · certified carrier on the Hawaii route will Pan American, when we can get the some 12 years ago, the then Congress mean that Pan American will have some same service without subsidy, I leave to man J. Harold Flannery. A great competition on the northern leg of the Alice in wonderland. · speaker, a keen debater, a great racon Hawaii route. Competition may not be Tuesday, February 1, the date of the teur par excellence, a true public serv good for Pan American, but it is as- President's order, will go down in history ant, an excellent representative of his suredly good for the public. as Giveaway Day. we have heard a district, Mr. Flannery is now the Honor I submit that the Civil Aeronautics good deal about giveaways of timber able J. Harold Flannery, judge of the Board's decision is a good one; that it lands and rubber plants. This is the court of common pleas of Luzerne carries out the intention of this Con- first attempt, so far as I know, to give County, Pa., and reelected recently with gress; that, indeed, it is the only conceiv- away large segments of the world to one out opposition to a second 10-year term. able decision under the facts. ·airline operator, and to charge the tax- Truly the son is a chip off the old block, This same Presidential order of Febru- . payers for . the privilege of giving it. a handsome and able son of his distin ary 1 upheld a ruling of the Civil Aero- February 1 will go down in history as guished father and the beautiful and nautics Board-a closely-split decision, I the day that. put the world in Pan gracious Ann, wife and mother. am informed-that Trans World Air- American world Airways. Mr. Speaker, may I assure you and lines not.be granted a certificate to fly, in Now, what is this all about? I hope the House that back home we love the _ competition with Pan American which that the President will make haste to whole darn family. fles it now, the route Rangoon-Bangkok- rescind, wipe out, repudiate, and declare Because of its interest I include at this Hong Kong-Formosa-Tokyo. Granting null and void his order of February 1. point the newspaper story about the son · Trans World Airlines this right would No modification will do. But, more than of our former colleague: have enabled it to join ·with Northwest that, the American .public deserves Airlines at Tokyo, and thus complete a prompt answers to the following ques WILKES Is VICTOR IN DEBATE ON RECOGNIZING round-the-world service. Pan Ameri-· tions: RED CHINA can-again, our most heavily subsidized First. When did the Civil Aeronautics BALTIMORE, February 5.-Little Wilkes Col lege, of Wilkes-Barre, Pa., defeated Prince- · interhational airline--now enjoys a mo- · Board's decision reach the White House, ton University in the finals tonight to win nopoly ~m round-the-world service. and how long did the White House de a 24-team college debate on whether the Trans World Airlines has operated for liberate before issuing its February 1 United States should recognize Red China. more than a year without subsidy, and order to give Pan· American World Air Wilkes favored recognition in the final expects to perform the Rangoon-Tokyo ways the monopoly? round, but the Communist China regime lost leg without subsidy. Pan American. Second. Did the admiriistration con nut in the overall competition, taking but 28 again, receives a multimillion dollar sub- fine its review to the voluminous record of the 60 debates over the 2-day tournament. sidy, and shows no signs of wanting to made before the CAB, or did it listen to Runners-up were Fordham, Temple, and stop receiving it. hearsay or to unsworn witnesses? Howard University. George Washington I have studied the February 1 Presi- Third. What officials of Pan American was 9th, Georgetown 15th, and Catholic U. last dential order closely, trying to determine World Airways visited the White House, The marathon debate, which started yes what thread of philosophical unity, if or any Cabinet officer, during the period terday and ran more than 130 hours before any, runs through it, since here it affirms, · during which west CoashHawaii Dock tonight's finals, was sponsored by the debat there reverses what the Civil Aeronautics · et No. 5589-was under adjudication, and ing council of Johns Hopkins University. Board has done. The one philosophical · what did they have to say? Each of the 24 teams-Loyola of Baltimore unity possessed by the Presidential order · Fourth. What opportunities did om entered 2-had to debate both sides of the seems to· be a granting to a heavily sub- ciais of the Civil Aeronautics Board have question-"Resolved: That the United States sidized Pan American of a monopoly, to present their views to the President should extend diplomatic recognition to the whether it be on the Seattle-Portland· in person before those views were re Communist Government of China.'' Hawaii run, or the Rangoon-Tokyo run- pudiated by him? James Neveras and J. Harold Flannery, and this monopoly despite the fact that· both seniors, made up the winning Wilkes Barre team which successfully argued that in each case a competing airline is able J._HAROLD FLANNERY the United States should recognize Red to make the run without subsidy. I had China. always thought that monopoly was Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, I ask Flannery also won a special award as the something our Government t:r;ied to pre unanimous consent to address the House. top debater of the tournament. Runner-up vent, not something- it paid people for for 1 minute, to revise and extend my re for individual honors was Regional Station, achieving. marks and include .a newspaper article. of St. Peters College, Jersey City. · CI--· 77 1218 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 7 The question debated had been a hot topic the Government has established four I am going·to tell you how this came about. from the first in college debating ranks, par such depots in the West, to each of Everything that I say here, every single word, ticularly for the Naval Academy and West which is assigned a quota of 6 million is· a matter of published record. My sources Point. Both service academies were forbid have been the writings of three former Sec den to debate the question by officials who long-ton units of low-grade manganese, retaries of State, Cordell Hull, Edward Stet ruled it was not a suitable subject for de a quota which could easily be filled by tinius, and James Byrnes, as well as our for bate by service personnel. the Southeastern States in only 3 years. mer Ambassador to Poland, Arthur Bliss Lane, Such rank discrimination is both un the ex-Polish Ambassador to this country, explainable aud unpardonable. Jan Ciechanowski, the former Polish Prime RURAL MAIL DELIVERY SERVICE H. R. 3126 would empower the Ad Minister Stanislaw Mikolajczyk and certain other authorities such as Mr. Robert Sher Mr. BETTS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan ministrator of General Services to select the depot site in the southern Appala wood and Professor Konovalov. imous consent to address the House for 1 The late President Roosevelt always took minute and to revise and extend my re chian areas. Based on a recent survey a special interest in Poland and Polish af marks. report, GSA would be compelled to fairs, partially due to the large number of · The SPEAKER. Is there objection to recommend a site in -southwestern Vir Americans of Polish descent in this coun the request of the gentleman from Ohio? ginia. I am prepared at .the proper time try who supported the Democratic ticket. to present evidence to show that, from But, even before we entered the war, this There was no objection. interest in Polish affairs was conditioned by Mr. BETTS. Mr. Speaker, I have to the standpoint of qualitative and quanti tative deposits, transportation, benefi the fear that Russian resistance to Hitler day introduced legislation which would might be broken by the overwhelming Ger extend rural mail delivery service to per ciation facilities, and location of major man power. Mr. Averell Harriman, who was sons residing on or near improved roads. consumers, the best possible site is in the first of Roosevelt's special emissaries to In representing a semirural district in the neighborhood of Lynchburg, Va. Stalin-in September 1941-was convinced Congress, one of my major concerns is In view of the present international that Stalin's confidence had to be won by tension, it becomes increasingly imper promising him the fullest material and the lack of adequate mail service to rural moral support. Mr. Harriman went to Rus constituents. I would· appreciate the ative that America takes steps to reduce her helpless reliance upon foreign sia in 1941 to encourage the Soviets to hold support of my colleagues who reside in out and all other matters were secondary to districts having similar problems. sources for her manganese supply, an this purpose. I recognize the fact that the adop essential component of the steelmaking There could be no strings attached to the tion of this measure may incur addi process. The establishment of this de support of the Soviet war effort. Neither Mr. tional costs, but certainly rural citizens pot will not only enable us to utilize Harriman, nor Mr. Harry Hopkins, who fol are entitled to adequate mail service if known deposits of manganese but will lowed him later, believed that Stalin was a encourage additional exploration which revolutionary communist, bent on world they are expected to bear their equitable domination, but rather a Russian nationalist share of the tax burden. At the same will open up presently unknown de posits. The relatively small cost en leader, primarily interested in building up time I wish to commend the Post Office the Soviet Union before turning his atten Department for its continuing efforts to tailed will be the cheapest possible na tions elsewhere. extend this service within existing legal tional security insurance premium. Ac The fear that the Soviet Union might give and budgetary limitations. cordingly, I most respectfully urge the way to the Germans, or, worse yet, might Committee on Interior and Insular Af conclude a separate peace with Hitler, thus fairs to hold early and exhaustive hear recreating the 1939 Nazi-Communist alliance, ings on H. R. 3126. initiated a policy of Soviet appeasement ESTABLISHMENT OF A PURCHASE which was propagandized into its adoption AND STOCKPILE DEPOT FOR LOW · by Great Britain and especially by Mr. Wins ton Churchill. I am a great admirer of Mr. GRADE ¥ANGANESE ORES FOR THE SELLOUT OF POLAND THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN Churchill but there is no question that, Mr. OLIVER P. BOLTON. Mr. Speak throughout the war, he insisted upon un AREAS er, I ask unanimous consent that the conditional support of Russia and the avoid Mr. POF'F'. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani ance of any questions of principle. It was gentleman from Michigan [Mr. BENTLEY] in these early days also that pro-Communist mous consent to address the House for 1 may extend his remarks at this point in A,merican literary circles began to speak of minute and to revise and extend my re the RECORD and to include the text of a the Soviet Union's ethnographic right to east marks. speech he made in Detroit in 1950 en ern Poland as well as the Baltic Republics The SPEAKER. Is there objection to titled "The Sellout of Poland.'' which had already been incorporated into the request of the gentleman from The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the U.S.S.R. Virginia? the request of the gentleman from Ohio? In early 1942 Mr. Adolf ·Berle, at that time There was no objection. There was no objection. Assistant Secretary of State, made the state Mr. POFF. Mr. Speaker, without Mr. BENTLEY. Mr. Speaker, under ment that, because the Soviet Union would putting the Public Printer to the un emerge from the war as one of the world's leave to extend my remarks at this point greatest powers, its special demands had to necessary expense of printing an identi in the RECORD, I wish to include the text be granted. He said, and I quote, "It is dif cal bill, I wish to take this means of affix of a speech entitled "The Sellout of ficult to conceive that the unlimited sov ing my name as a cosponsor of H. R. Poland" which I made in Detroit in 1950 ereignty of the smaller states in the prewar 3126 introduced on January 26, 1955, by and which I think appropriate to repeat sense of the word can stand in the way of the gentleman from Arkansas [Mr. at this time as we call attention to the the natural and inevitable political and eco MILLS]. nomic expansion of a great powed." fact that February 7 marks the lOth an This, if you please, wal) less than 1 year after Among other things, this bill would niversary of the infamous wartime President Roosevelt had signed the terms of authorize and direct the establishment meeting at Yalta. The agreements the Atlantic Charter. As a matter of fact, of a purchase and stockpile depot for reached at Yalta indeed marked a sellout when General Sikorski, prime minister of the low-grade manganese ores for the south of the Polish people as well as those of Polish Government-in-exile, visited the ern Appalachian areas. In spite of the many other countries who have since United States, I think it was about June fact that Virginia has been through the been enslaved by international coin-• 1942, President Roosevelt said to him, and years the second largest domestic pro munism: I quote again, "The United States is de ducer of high-grade manganese and even termined not to depart from its declared THE SELLOUT OF POLAND position of not admitting the settlement of though there have been many surveys, (Address of Hon. ALVIN M. BENTLEY, of a.ny territorial issues in time of war. I want both private and governmental, which Michigan) you to understand that the American Gov demonstrate the plentiful supply of low I would like to talk to you today about ernment has not forgotten the Atlantic grade ores throughout the Appala·chian the tragic betrayal and sellout of a coun Charter." region, and although America is now try which was the first participant in World This principle was confirmed by a decla· dependent on foreign sources for more War II against Hitler Germany, a country ration prepared for the President by Mr. than 90 percent of her manganese sup which fought for the right to freedom longer Sumner Welles, then Under Secretary of ply, and despite the fact that practically than any other of the United Nations, a State. This declaration stated categorically all industrial manganese consumers are country which, above all others, should be that the United States Government would expected to reap the rewards of victory. enter into no secret treaties on the solution located in the eastern half of the United That country, Poland. And today the people of any postwar problems- during the course States, not a single low-grade purchase of that country are enslaved more thorough• of the war. lt added that the solution of depot has been established east of the ly than they ever were under Nazi domina all frontier matters and territo:~:ial issues Mississippi River. On the other hand, tion. would have to await the end of the war. 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1219
Even at that early date, however, there can assistance. Thls assistance was not You are all generally familiar with the were powerful elements within our Govern forthcoming. It never was forthcoming. Teheran Conference where the doctrine ef ment which were working to direct the I have already mentioned the American balance of power was supreme and which course of American policy to one of com Slav Congress which was infiltrating com caused the United States and Great Britain premise with the fundamental principles of munism among the American working to agree to the division of Europe into the United Nations. The Soviets were being masses. It was at this time that considerable spheres of influence. I can tell you that at oversold. to the American people by a group loads of the Communist Polish language pa this time Mr. Dean Acheson, then Assistant led by Vice President Henry A. Wallace and per, Free Poland, which was published in Secretary of State, was a steadfast supporter the political elements of the CIO. The New Moscow, were being brought into this coun of Soviet demands in four-power conferences Deal politicians close to the White House try by ships returning from Russia, ships being held in the United States on a lower were openly criticizing our Government for which had been delivering lend-lease sup political level. It was also at this time that its "inadequate" aid to the Soviets, especially plies to the Soviets. That is what you call Tony Biddle, our Ambassador to the Polish the failure to open a second front. The lend-lease in reverse. This paper was being Government-in-exile, asked to be relieved of Office of War Information under Mr. Elmer circulated extensively among Americans of his post because President Roosevelt had Davis was heaping unqualified praise of Polish descent in Detroit, Chicago, and other failed at Teheran to defend the legitimate Soviet Russia upon the minds of American large cities. And yet it was at this time, in interests of Poland and the sovereignty and public opinion. With regard to Poland, the the spring and summer of 1943, that Stalin territorial integrity of that country. Actu OWl was. even issuing maps which showed a was being praised for his dissolution of the ally, however, at Teheran, it was Winston final incorporation into Russia of the Polish Comintern, which was supposed to mean an Churchill who was foremost in compromising territories given by Hitler to the Soviets in end to. Moscow's direction of international with Stalin concerning the fate of Poland. 1939 and 1940. Communist activities. Just the same, it was Roosevelt who declared The influential men around the White Now I would like briefly to say something that he believed that Stalin was a realist, House in those days had adopted a blind about one of the leading proponents of but not an imperialist and not a Communist. pro-Soviet psychosis which tended to regard Soviet-American friendship. This is Mr. As the election year of 1944 opened up, it Soviet democracy as a first cousin of Ameri Joseph E. Davies, whose book, Mission to became increasingly important for the ad can principles and to adopt the American Moscow, many of you may have read. Mr. ministration to make every attempt to se way of life for his country. They also be Davies, incidentally, is the father-in-law of cure the votes of the 6 million Americans of lieved that the war was being won primarily ex-Senator Millard Tydings, of Maryland, Polish descent. These votes were centered by Russia and that the Soviets were there who headed the committee to investigate in key States such as New York, Illinois, fore entitled to privileged treatment and to communism in the State Department. Let Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Michigan. In have their demands unconditionally granted. me read you some quotations from this book: May of 1944 almost all of these voters had By the end of 1942 our official policy was "I am not sure but what the democracies been organized into a body termed the Pol to avoid discussion of any issues which might of the world might not be damn glad some ish-American Congress, under the leadership create Soviet-American friction or which day to have the friendship and the power of Charles Rozmarek, chairman of the Polish might displease Stalin. We were determined and the devotion to peace which the Soviet National Alliance. On October 11 a large to allow and even to encourage pro-Soviet Government could supply in case of another delegation from the Congress was received propaganda, we were determined to ignore world crisis" (p. 321). "It would not be by Mr. Roosevelt at the White House, a re Communist infiltration and we were even within the realm of porsibility after this war ception which was extremely well publicized. determined to encourage such un-American or for many years thereafter for the Soviets Arthur Bliss Lane had already been ap organizations as the American Slav Congress. to project communism in the United States pointed to succeed Tony Biddle as Ambassa Our propaganda broadcasts abroad, which or even in Burope" (p. 496). "It is bad dor to Poland as a proof of the administra were conducted by foreign Communists and Christianity, bad sportsmanship, bad sense tion's continued interest in Polish affairs. fellow travelers, the pro-Soviet propagandists to challenge the integrity of the SOviet Gov Things were still not too satisfactory, how of the OWI, was directed straight from the ernment. • • • The Soviet Government has ever, so on October 28, when Mr. Roosevelt's White House. In other words, the people a record of keeping its treaty obligations campaign train passed through Chicago, he of occupied Europe were getting the same equal to that of any nation on the earth" met again with Mr. Rozmarek, chairman of line of Soviet propaganda from Washington (p. 550). And more of the same. Men such the Polish-American Congress, and promised as they were getting from Moscow. Our ap as this, men such as Corliss Lamont, were him, and I quote, that he would "take active peasement of Soviet Russia was leading to engaged in overselling Russia to the Ameri steps to insure the restoration of Poland's compromises on the principles of the Atla.ntic can people. Anyone who dared to criticize full independence." This assurance influ Charter and the declaration of the United Russia was suspected of Fascist leanings. enced Mr. Rozmarek to deliver an over Nations. The fellow travelers were coming into our whelming Polish-American vote for Roose I have had to give you this background official and political· circles and were even velt on election day. in order that yoq may understand some of ready to attack the Bill of Rights if it dif I merely want to remind you of one thing the reasoning behind our policy so far as fered with Soviet ideology. This same Mr. at this point. I want to remind you that, Poland was concerned. Our pro-Soviet ap Davies, incidentally, was assigned by Presi at Teheran, in 1943, over a year before Mr. peasement relating to Poland was first in dent Roosevelt to entice Stalin to the meet Roosevelt had expressed his complete agree dicated early in 1943 when Sumner Welles, ing at Teheran. A favorable atmosphere of ment with the Curzon line as the Polish the Under Secretary of State, unofficia1ly in Soviet-American good will had to be arti Soviet frontier, an agreement which turned quired whether the Polish Government-in ficially created for this meeting to take place. Eastern Poland over to the Soviet Union. exile was prepared to make any territorial Even at this time, however, President I also want to remind you that at Teheran concessions to Soviet demands.· It was at Mr. Roosevelt had requested that this agree this time that President Roosevelt began Roosevelt was becoming conscious of Ameri ment not be made public. The White House preparing the way for his first meeting with can political reaction with the 1944 presi palace guard, the radical New Dealers, and Stalin at Teheran. Roosevelt was persuaded dential elections in view. Harry Hopkins, for example, said, and I quote, "Perhaps the CIO leftists organized into the. PAC, as by Harry Hopkins not to repeat his earlier well as certain elements of big business, declaration of nonrecognition of territorial President Roosevelt has oversold Russia to were bending every effort toward the reelec changes since Stalin might regard such a the American people. But now that we are tion of Mr. Roosevelt and no possible stake statement as an unfriendly act. American getting busy preparing his reelection, how in world affairs could be allowed to inter pUblic opinion was not to be allowed to can one expect him suddenly to get up and fere with that goal. ·The Atlantic Charter speak its mind with respect to Stalh:i's im express doubt that Soviet-American friend and the four freedoms were things of the perialist designs on Poland. The Soviets ship and collaboration is possible?" And 1 past. Power politics had become the domi were not to be told that American democracy would like to say right here that our pro nant note in international relations. Soviet propaganda at this time was getting was not ready to sacrifice its · principles to a tremendous boost right in Wall Street with The Yalta Conference of February 194o5 one totalitarian imperalism while fighting witnessed the final abandonment by the another. President Roosevelt ordered that such persons as Joseph E. Davies, Thomas United States of the principles of democracy, the whole Polish affair be kept a strict secret. and Corliss Lamont, and Marshall Field sell of the Atlantic Charter, of the four free This theory of using great caution in deal ing it to the skies. The leading American doms, and of the rights of smaller nations. ing with the Soviets, of not using any force labor unions, however, were definitely anti President Roosevelt had already said that the ful language in dealing with Stalin, was Communist and realized the dangers of So big powers should decide what Poland should chiefly propounded by Mr. Walter Lippmann viet totalitarianism. have and that he didn't intend to go to the in his newspaper columns. The tendency A story that was going around Washing peace conference and bargain with Poland was also noticeable in American official ton at this time about Mr. Davies was that or any other small state. Harry Hopkins had circles to pass the buck to the British, so President Roosevelt had offered him the posi• declared that Great Britain and the United far as Poland was concerned. The British, tion of Ambassador to Russia but that Davies States should decide what was to be done naturally enough, passed it right back to us. had turned it down on the grounds that he about Poland and then tell the Poles rather Poland was deserted by both countries and couldn't eat Russian food. The President than ask them. He added that the only de left to become the first victim of Soviet im asked him why he had praised Russian food sire of the people of the United States was perialism. The Polish Government was told so much in his book and Davies replied that to see a Poland that was friendly to the to remain silent, to make no appeal to pub propaganda had made it necessary for him Soviet Union. The Teheran agreement had lic opinion, as a condition f_or Ang~o-Ameri- to do so. given 70,000 square miles of Polish territory 1220 CONGRESSI0NAL RECORD - ; ·noUSE to the Soviet Uni'on without consulting· the for the purposes· of· the Communists them declaratiori of the ·United Nations, we sup :Bolish people or the Polish Government. The selves. ·posedly took the lead· in consecrating our Yalta agreement confirmed this surrender to In spite of the assistance rendered by the selves to make the world a better and a the Soviet Union and moreover it permitted United States Government in the establish finer place in which to live, and for a mess the Russians to determine the composition ment of a Communist regime in Poland, of political pottage our leaders sold this of the so-called Polish Provisional Govern American citizens living in Poland suffered birthright while it was still newborn. In the ment of National Unity which had been set severely. According to Arthur Bliss Lane, name of human decency, in the name of up in Moscow under Soviet auspices. The our former Ambassador to Poland, over a moral integrity, in the very name of Christi well-known State Department expert on Rus hundred persons claiming United States citi anity itself, the people of this country should sian affairs, Charles Bohlen, was .prominent zenship were in Polish jails by the time Mr. d.enounce the actions of our Government in in solving this Polish question at Yalta. May Lane left Poland at the end of 1946. In those evil days and should denounce any and I remind you that Alger Hiss was also there? almost all cases these persons were alleged all associations of this character that still Mr. Edward Stettinius had been appointed to be members of the Polish underground persist with us today; otherwise it may well Secretary of State in time to go to Yalta. which had been formed during the war to be our lot some day to look for a helping hand This was the same Mr. Stettinius who at the fight Nazi occupation. American Embassy and instead to receive the kiss of Judas. San Francisco Conference declared that we officials were helpless to intervene in these must not sacrifice unity, big-power unity, cases or even to visit the prisoners. One for the sake of idealism. This was the same American citizen, Stanislaw Tupaz, was even SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED Mr. Stettinius who said: "It was not a ques condemned to death and executed without Mrs. ST. GEORGE asked and was tion of what Great Britain and the United being able to obtain assistance from our States would permit Russia to do in Poland, Embassy. given permission to address the House but what we could persuade Russia to accept. And yet, during all this time, the Voice for 10 minutes on tomorrow, following We were in no position at Yalta to change of America, our official medium. of propa any special orders heretofore entered. the Russian attitude on the eastern boundary ganda, persisted in telling the suffering, of Poland." oppressed people of Poland all about the Perhaps the attitude of some of our for blessings of democracy in the United States. THE HONORABLE ISAAC BACHARACH eign-policy thinkers in those days can best It did not need to tell the Polish people that they, too, would have enjoyed our de Mr. HAND. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani be expressed by quoting from a conversation mous consent to address the House for 1 between the Polish Ambassador Jan Ciecha mocracy if the United States Government nowski and Mr. Elbridge Durbrow, one of the had not sold them down the river at Teheran minute and to revise and extend my re leading exper-ts in Eastern European and and at Yalta. marks. Russian affairs in the State Department and And, finally, as if enough damage had not The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the Foreign Service. Mr. Durbrow is quoted been done already, the Department of State the request of the gentleman from New as telling the Ambassador-and I quote: agreed, on April 24, 1946, to extend to the Jersey? "You appear to have an exaggerated opinion Polish Communist Government 2 credits to There was no objection. of the power of the United States. You are taling $90 million, which would enable this Mr. HAND. Mr. Speaker, it is a pleas wrong. America is not sufficiently powerful Communist government to purchase surplus to impose her will on Soviet Russia." This war property in Europe and to buy locomo ure for me to announce, somewhat be statement was given as the reason whereby tives and coal cars elsewhere. If the Polish latedly, the 85th birthday of former Con Poland, a friendly nation, lost mor-e of its people still had any hope ·that the United gressman Isaac Bacharach on January territory as a result of the war than did States Government would support them in 5, 1955. Mr. Bacharach was my distin Germany, our enemy. their fight against Soviet communism, this guished predecessor in the House and You know how the decisions of the Big must have killed their hopes forever. This served the Second Congressional District Three at Yalta concerning Poland were taken, action was taken by the Department of State over the repeated protests of Ambassador of New Jersey with great distinction tor not only without the participation and au some 22 years. A substantial part of this thorization of the Polish Government but Lane and was a direct cause of his subse also without its knowledge. You know what quent resignation from the Foreign Service. service was spent as a highly influential kind of a government the Big Three handed When Mr. Lane returned to the United member of the Committee on Ways and the Polish people, a government that was States, he again protested this extension of Means. He was a warm and personal supposed to have been reorganized on a credits; he protested to Dean Acheson who friend of the late Nicholas Longworth, a broader democratic basis, but which was was then Acting Secretary of State. Accord highly regarded Speaker of this body, actually dominated by the Communist Poles ing to Mr. Lane, Mr. Acheson was character and enjoyed ·an almost unprecedented of Lublin, even though Harry Hopkins told istically noncommittal. In this connection you will recall that it was Mr. Acheson's friendship and affection from the Mem President Truman that it fulfilled the provi bers here with whom he served, and from sions of Yalta. You know what happened former law firm in New York which had to the free and unfettered elections which negotiated the extension of these credits on the people of his district who were grate Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin pledged behalf of the Polish Communist Government. ful for the fine quality of his service. themselves to carry out in Poland, but which I have attempted to show you how our Mr. Speaker, I recollect that a good turned out to be a farce and a mockery of overweening concern for the friendship of many years ago Time magazine referred democratic electoral procedures. the Soviet Union during the war led to our acquiescing in the complete sellout and be to the then Congressman Bacharach as But the sellout and the betrayal con trayal of Poland and the Polish people who one of the 3 or 4 most influential men tinued even after Yalta. Even though · he first took up arms against Hitler and Nazi in Washington. wasn't a member of the United States dele Germany. I have tried to show you how I have been the beneficiary of his gation, Mr. Joseph E. Davies, the same Mr. President Roosevelt and his closest advisers friendship and his wise counsel during Davies, was seated during the Potsdam Con deliberately concealed the truth of the Polish ference at the conference table during all the years of my service here. situation from the millions of Polish-Ameri It is especially gratifying for me to t.he deliberations. This is the same Mr. can voters for partisan political motives. I report to his friends, ~nd many of our Davies who was successful in arranging for have also tried to show you how the De.part the acceptance of an American Communist ment of State assisted and persisted in the senior Members are his friends and Pole, and American citizen, Prof. Oscar appeasement policy, first of Soviet Russia served with him in this House, that he is Lange, as the first Ambassador from Com and later of the Polish communist Govern vigorous and well, and if he will permit munist Poland to the United States. So long ment· itself. I have not uttered one word me to say so, as handsome as ever. as Mr. Davies' voice was heard in the ranks which has not already appeared in public On the oc~asion of his birthday and of American foreign policy, he deliberately print, but I hope I have been successful in or unconsciously followed the wishes of Sta as an indication of the affection which pulling together some of the tangled threads his hometown has for him, there ap lin. I will not say whether or not he is of this problem and in showing you some still regarded as an expert on the Soviet of the motives which lay behind this aban peared in the Atlantic City Press a full Union. donment of Poland. page picture with the following text: It was also at this time that Senator HER Our foreign policy has had some black Member 'or a pioneer Atlantic City family, BERT H. LEHMAN, then Director-General of pages these past few years. But it has no Isaac Bacharach has served the city, the the United Nations Relief and. Rehabilita blacker page than this total desertion of our State, and the Nation in public office, was for tion Association, appointed a Soviet citizen, Polish ally; this sale of millions of freedom many· years a dominant figure in business Mr. Menshikov, as director of the first loving Poles into Communist slavery. May and financial circles. A grand old man at UNRRA mission to Poland. Mr. Menshikov GOd forgive the men who were responsible 85, he can look back on a useful and purpose promptly negotiated an agreement with the for our country's foreign policy in those ful life. He has the rare distinction of Polish Communist Government which pro days, who connived . and assisted at this having represented this district in Congress vided that this government, and not the groundless act of treachery beside which for 22 consecutive years, from 1914 until1936, UNRRA,- would have complete jurisdiction Munich pales into insignificance. By our and before that had been a member of the over all UNRRA supplies distributed in Po support of the Atlantic Charter and the New Jersey Assembly, following two terms in land. Naturally these supplies were used "four freedoms," by our espousal of the the city council. · 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RnCORD- HOUSE 1221 This text was subscribed by a con· passion for freedom and love of liberty The SPEAKER. Is there objection to siderable number of the leading citizens and respect for human dignity, may in the request of the gentleman from of Atlantic City, including not only the time see the liberation of that country. California? leaders of our two great political parties, There was no objection. but some of the principal businessmen, Mr. SISK. Mr. Speaker, I am today bankers, lawyers, and doctors of the UNIVERSAL MILITARY TRAINING filing a bill which would extend voca community. AND SERVICE ACT tional rehabilitation to all persons dis I am likewise including, with the per abled in line of duty in the armed serv mission of the House, an editorial from Mr. COLMER, from the Committee on ices in war or peacetime. This measure the Vineland Times Journal marking the Rules, reported the following privileged would entitle men and women serving in birthday of one of our most distinguished resolution
\ 1224 'CONGRESSIONAL RECORD·--· ·HOUSE February 7 Were· not the Berlin and Geneva meet . elusions are reached by the Department they ·credit unions would be taxed like -the ings a step in the same·direction we have will be sent to the Congress. earnings of other lending agencies; so always been following? What abo t From this statement I deduce, with that there would no longer be an unfair Indochina and now the Tachen Islands? considerable satisfaction, that we ·shall discrimination between the taxation of Only yesterday it was jubilantly an be· asked to give attention to more than mutual fire and casualty insurance com- nounced that "Chiang bows to United -routine matters of taxation at this ses . panies and the taxation of competing ·States and yields Tachens." This is the sion of the Congress. The President . capital stock insurance companies in actual headline of one of Washington's gives us some notion of what these fur the same fields. · newspapers of yesterday. Why should ther changes may be when he adds, in his That, I understand, is the program of we Americans be so proud and happy budget message, this significant para Citizen Dave Douglas, as presented in because we have again forced one of our graph: this excellent talking picture. That, I loyal allies to yield to the Communists, I have also directed the Secretary of the understand, is the program of the Na- just as we forced the Poles, the Koreans, Treasury promptly to make recommenda . tiona! Tax Equality Association and the Indochinese, and so many others? tions for any other changes in the laws which other groups which sponsor the showing Is there anyone so naive as to believe may be found necessary to· prevent anyone . of this dramatic picture. that this contributes to the security of from avoiding his fair share of the tax bur Mr. Speaker, the tax-dodging op the United States? Does anyone hon den. ponents of the film Citizen Dave Douglas estly believe the Red Communists will I call attention to the President's say it is misleading. I say they are · stop there and not eventually take For words, Mr. Speaker, for two very c1osely wrong. As a member of the Ways and mosa, if not in the immediate future, related reasons: First, because the Means Committee, I have earnestly then at least in the near future? They changes in the tax laws which are studied this matter for years. I have have said they will not stop there, and needed to prevent certain business cor listened to the testimony of scores of they have usually kept their word in such porations and organizations from avoid witnesses. And I tell you that Citizen instances. Is it any wonder that many ing their fair share of the tax burden are Dave-Douglas is an honest presentation of us fear that this is only one more step clearly set forth in H. R. 43, a bill to of the facts in the matter. It should be ·toward the eventual entry of Red China · equalize taxation and provide revenue, seen not only by every taxpayer in the into the United Nations? which I introduced on the opening day of land but -also by every Member of the Mr. Speaker, on this solemn occasion · this session; and, second, because I have . Congress that writes the tax laws. many of us are denouncing the sad mis just seen a motion picture that drama The National Tax Equality Associa .. take made 1Q years ago at Yalta. But tizes this tax avoidance and its burden- tion is to be congratulated forproducing how ·many bf us are willing to forget the - some effect on most of our taxpayers in a this picture and for telling the tax story · political implications of Yalta and re way that I commend to the attention of in an interesting and straightforward solve to actually do something about it? every Member of this House and every . way. It is in keeping, Mr. Speaker, with Enough has been said of Yalta, maybe citizen of the United States. the sincerity of program and the integ · too much. Let us now actually do some It is quite likely, Mr. Speaker, that you rity of purpose that have characterized thing about it. If Yalta was a moral and and other Members of this body :P,ave this organization, its members, its of .. political mistake, let us not continue that heard already of this half-hour .talking . fleers, and its management in all the mistake, at the same time ·denouncing picture, for it is causing a national sen years I have known them. I can only others who made it. Ten years ago there sation. It is called Citizen Dave Doug hope that the association's burdensome may have been some justification in not las. It was produced by the National task may be ended soon by final congres · realizing the complete untrustworthi Tax Equality Association and it is being sional action to impose the income ·tax . ness Qf the Soviet leaders. Today there released by that organization and by the where it belongs-to prevent anyone can be no such excuse. ~he record is public information committee of the from avoiding his fair share of the tax too clear for that. cotton industry. It is being shown in burden. To all those who denounce Yalta, may every State of the Union to luncheon From the beginning·! have said, along I respectfully submit that I have again clubs, chambers of commerce, veterans' with Citizen Dave Douglas, that this is introduced House Joint Resolution 63, organizations, women's clubs, and busi -a fight to tax the untaxed to ease the calling for the repudiation of Yalta. Re .. ne~s groups. It is on television. burden on the overtaxed. I say again, gardless of the unwillingness of the Sec· It has already been seen by millions, with Citizen Dave Douglas, let us tax the retary of State to recommend its pas although frantic efforts are being made · untaxed to ease the taxload upon ·the sage, l~t us insist on it. I appeal to my by building and loan associations, credit overtaxed. colleagues to give living proof of the unions, cooperatives, and certain other many fine declarations made here today mutuals to stop it before it is seen by YALTA ARE and during the rest of this week. Let still more millions of citizens and tax.. : TREAT FOR THE FREE us insist on the passage of a clear and payers. The reason, we can assume, is WORLD · unambiguous declaration in order to that it tells in very simple and under .. · The SPEAKER pro tempore
LEAVE ·oF ABSENCE (5 u. s. c. 275 (e)) i to the Committee on ! -390. A 1ette~ from the Acting Director, Bu Armed Services. reau of the Budget, Executive Office of the By unanimous consent, leave of ab 380. A letter from the president, Board of President, transmitting a draft of proposed sence was granted to: Commissioners, government of the District legislation entitled "A bill to amend section Mr. ALLEN of Illinois, for the period of Columbia, transmitting a draft of pro- 402 of the Federal Employees Uniform Al from February 9 to February 28, 1955, posed legislation entitled "A bill to amend lowance Act, approved September 1, 1954"; inclusive, on account of official business. the act entitled 'An act to authorize the to the Committee on Post Office and Civil District of Columbia government to estab- Service. Mr. JoHNSON of California, for Febru lish an office of civil defense, and for other 391. A letter from the Director, Legislative ary 10 and 11, 1955, to attend the meet purposes'," approved August 11, 1950; to the Programs, Office of the Assistant Secretary of ing of the Board of Visitors of the Committee on the District of Columbia. Defense, transmitting a draft of proposed United States Military Academy at West 381. A letter from the Chairman, District legislation entitled "A bill to enact title 10, Point, N. ~. of Columbia Armory Board, transmitting the 'Armed Forces', and title 32, 'National Guard', seventh annual report of the District of of the United States Code"; to the Committee Columbia Armory Board, pursuant to sec- on the Judiciary. BILL PRESENTED TO THE tion 10, Public Law 605, 80th Congress; to PRESIDENT the Committee on the District of Columbia. 382. A letter from the Secretary, Depart REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUB Mr. BURLESON, from the Committee ment of Health, Education, and Welfare, on House Administration, reported that transmitting a report on a study of programs LIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS that committee did, on February 5, 1955, for homebound handicapped individuals, with recommendations, pursuant to Public Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of present to the President, for his ap Law 565, 83d Congress (H. Doc. No. 98); to committees were delivered to the Clerk proval, a bill of the House of the follow the Committee on Education and Labor and for printing and reference to the proper ing title: ordered to be printed with illustrations. calendar, as follows: H. R. 2010. An act to amend the act of July 383. A letter from the executive director, Mr. COLMER: Committee on Rules. House 10, 1953, which created the Commission on National Capital Housing Authority, trans Resolution 133. Resolution providing for Intergovernmental Relations. mitting the National Capital Housing consideration of H. R. 3005, a bill to further Authority's statement on painting of war amend the Universal Military Training and housing prior to disposition, made in connec Service Act by extending the authority to :ADJOURNMENT tion with the General Accounting Office re induct certain individuals, and to extend port on the audit of the National Capitol Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I move the benefits under the Dependents Assistance Housing Authority for the fiscal year ended Act to July 1, 1959; without amendment that the House do now adjourn. June 30, 1953; to the Committee on Govern (Rept. No. 21). Referred to the House Cal The motion was agreed to; according ment Operations. endar. ly By Mr. SIB:ES: By Mr. WINSTEAD: By Mr. PHILBIN~ H. R. 3704. A bill for the establishment of H. R. 3719. A bill to repeal the provisions H. Con. Res. 67. Concurrent resolution fa the United States Commission on the Aging of the Railroad Retirement Act which reduce voring universal disarmament; to the Com and Aged; to the Committee on Education the annuities of the spouses of retired em mittee on Foreign Affairs. and Labor. ployees, and the survivors of deceased em By Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan: By Mr. SILER: ployees, by the amount of· certain monthly H. Res. 134. Resolution requesting the H. R. 3705. A bill to provide for com benefits payable under the Social Security President of the United States of America pensating local peace officers who seize vehi Act; to the Committee on Interstate and For to request the Administrator of Veterans' cles which are forfeited to the United States; eign Commerce. Affairs to furnish the House of Representa to the Committee on the Judiciary. . By Mr. WOLVERTON: tives certain information concerning Vet H. R. 3706. A bill to authorize the Com H. R. 3720. A bill to improve the. health of erans' Administration expenditures; to the modity Credit Corporation to process food the people by encouraging the extension of Committee on Veterans' Affairs. commodities for donation under certain acts; voluntary prepayment health services plans, H. Res. 135. Resolution to establish a new to the Committee on Agriculture. facilitating the financing of construction of dining room or cafeteria in the House wing H. R. 3707. A bill to amend Veterans Regu needed health facilities, assisting in increas of the Capitol; to the Committee on House lation No. 9 (a) .to provide that the burial ing the number of adequately trained ·nurses Administration. allowance payable thereunder ·shall be in and other health personnel, improving and H. Res. 136. Resolution requesting the Sec creased to $250; to the Committee on Veter expanding programs of mental health and retary of Defense to furnish the House of ans' Affairs. · public health, and for other purposes; to the Representatives certain information as to H. R. 3708. A bill to extend pension bene Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com extent and cost of military installations; to fits under the laws reenacted by Public Law merce. the Committee on Armed Services. 269, 74th Congress, August 13, 1935, as now or By Mr. YOUNG: hereafter amended to certain persons who H . R. 3721. A bill to amend the Flammable MEMORIALS served with the United States military or · Fabrics Act so as to prohibit the introduction naval forces engaged in hostilities in the or movement in interstate commerce of blast Under clause 4 of rule XXII, memo Moro Province, including Mindanao, or in the ing caps unless they are stamped or labeled rials were presented and referred as islands of Samar, Leyte, and Luzon, after so as to indicate that they are dangerous; to follows: July 4, 1902, and prior to January 1, 1914, the Committee on Interstate and Foreign By Mr. BEAMER: Memorial of Indiana and to their unremarried widows, child, or Commerce. State Senate urging some limitation on the children; to the Committee on Veterans' Af By Mr. MORRISON: import of foreign oil; to the Committee on :fairs. H. R. 3722. A bill to assist certain cla~ses Ways and Means. By Mr. SIMPSON of Pennsylvania: of municipalities to finance vitally needed By Mr. HAYS of Arkansas: Memorial of H. R. 3709. A bill to amend section 120 of and specific types of public works by provid the State of Arkansas urging enactment of the Internal Revenue Code of 1939 (relating ing for a guaranty by the United States of legislation : which would require sellers of to the unlimited deduction for cl_laritable and approved bonds hereafter issued by these merchandise shipped in interstate commerce other contributions); to the Committee on municipalities; to the Committee on Ways to comply with sales tax laws of States into yYays and Means. and Means. which such merchandise is shipped for sale, ; . H. R. 3710. A bill relating to the definition By Mr. DINGELL: use, or consumption; to the Committee on of the term "public utility" for purposes of H. J. Res. 195. Joint resolution to prohibit Interstate and Foreign Commerce. computing the deductions for income-tax the importation from the Dominion of Can By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legis \ purposes for dividends paid and received on ada into the United States of fermented malt lature of the State of California, memo ' certain preferred stock of public utilities; to beverages, wines, and distilled spirits manu rializing the President and the Congress of the Committee on Ways and Means. factured in the Dominion of Canada, and the United States relative to the observance I By Mr. SISK: for other purposes; to the Committee on of the centennials of the opening of the f H. R. 3711. A bill to provide vocational Ways and Means. Pacific overland mail; to the Committee on rehabilitation for certain persons who serve By Mr. ROGERS of Texas: the Judiciary. in the active military or naval service of the H. J. Res. 196. Joint resolution · proposing Also, memorial of the Legislature of the United States after January 31, 1955; to the an amendment to the Constitution to pro State of South Carollna, memorializing the Committee on Veterans' Affairs . . vide that a new State may be admitted only President and the Congress of the United By Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin: with the consent of two-thirds of both States to enact legislation limiting the ap H. R. 3712. A bill to extend the period Houses of Congress; to the Committee on the pellate jurisdiction of the United States during which claims for fioor stocks refunds Judiciary. Supreme Court and the jurisdiction of other may be filed with respect to certain manu By Mr. HIESTAND: Federal courts; to the Committee on the factu:rers' excise taxes which were reduced H. J. Res. 197. Joint resolution to provide Judiciary. by the Excise Tax Reduction Act of 1954; to for a more effective control of narcotic drugs, Also, memorial of the Legislature of the the Committee on Ways and Means. and for other purposes; to the Committee State of Utah, memorializing the President By Mr. TRIMBLE: on Ways and Means. and the Congress of the United States urg H. R. 3713. A bill to suspend for 1 year H. J. Res. 198. Joint resolution proposing ing enactment of legislation amending the certain duties upon the importation of alu an amendment to the Constitution of the Sugar Act of 1948 to enable the domestic minum and aluminum alloys; to the Com United States relating to the legal effect of sugar industry to have a fair and equitable mittee on Ways and Means. cert&in treaties and other -international share of sugar consumption in the United By Mr. TUMULTY: agreements; to the Committee on the Judi States; to the Committee on Agriculture. H. R. 3714. A bill to grant to Federal em ciary. ployees the right to have security charges By Mr. WINSTEAD: PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS against them determined by a panel com H. J. Res. 199. Joint resolution to increase posed of experienced judges and attorneys; 1955 cotton allotments of certain farms re Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private to the Committee on the Judiciary. ceiving 5 acres or less; to the Committee on bills and resolutions were introduced By Mr. UDALL: Agriculture. and severally. referred as follows: H. R. 3715. A bill to amend the Outer Con By Mr. REED of Illinois: By Mr. ALGER: tinental Shelf Lands Act in order to provide H. J. Res. 200. Joint resolution proposing H. R. 3723. A bill for the relief of Freda H. that revenues under the provisions of such an amendment to the Constitution of the Sullivan; to the Committee on the Judiciary. act shall be used as grants-in-aid of primary, United States relating to the procedure for By Mr. BOYLE: secondary, and higher education; to the Com amending the Constitution; to the Commit H . ~. 3724. A bill for the relief of Meir mittee on the Judiciary. tee on the Judiciary. Tinowitz; to the Committee on the Judi H. R. 3716. A bill to amend the cotton . By Mr. WALTER: ciary. marketing quota provisions of the Agricul H. J. Res. 201. Joint resolution proposing By Mr. BURDICK: tural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended; .an amendment to the Constitution of the H. R . 3725. A bill for the relief of Herman to the Committee on Agriculture. United States relating to the procedure for F. Gierke, Jr.; to the Committee on the H. R. 3717. A bill providing relief against amending the Constitution; to the Commit Judiciary. certain forms of discrimination in interstate tee on the Judiciary. By Mrs. CHURCH: transportation; to the Committee on Inter H. R. 3726. A bill for the relief of Mr. Gino state and Foreign Commerce. By Mr. BOLLING: Evangelista; to the Committee on the Judi By Mr. WESTLAND: H. Con. Res. 66. Concurrent resolution to ciary. ·establish a joint congressional committee H. R. 3718. A bill to authorize the Public By ~r. <;::OUDERT: Housing Commissioner to enter into agree "to conduc-t -.a special study of ·the ways in - H. R. 3727. A bill for the relief of Luigia ments with local public housing authorities which existing and proposed Federal eco :Reggio; to the Committee on the Judiciary. for the admission of elderly widows, widow nomic powers and programs can make their : ·By Mr. GREEN of Pennsylvania: ers or a single person to federally assisted greatest contribution to defense against H. R. 3728. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Han low-rent housing projects; to the Committee modern atomic attack; to the Committee on nah Mae Powell; to the Committee on the on Banking and Currency. Rules. .Judiciary. 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1229 By Mrs. KELLY of·New ·York: By Mr. MINSHALL: By Mr. WILLIAMS of New York: H. R. 3729. A bill for the relief of Eustra H. R. 3734. A bill for the relief of Azzam H . R. 3739. A bill for the relief of Rev. tios Vournazos and Marina vournazos and· Issac Rafidi; to the Committee on the Ju· George Kazaka; to the Committee on the Mary Vournazos; to the Committee on the diciary. Judiciary. Judiciary. By Mr. MOSS: By Mr. WOLVERTON: By Mr. KING of California : H . R . 3735. A bill for the relief of Gertrud H . R. 3740. A bill for the relief of Mrs. H. R. 3730. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Babette Kraeutter; to the Committee on the Kathryn Kraus Eble; to the Committee on Eleonore Blackburn (nee Brenner); to the Judiciary. the Judiciary. Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. PATTERSON: H. R. 3731. A bill for the relief of Mrs. H . R. 3736. A bill for the relief of Georgette Fusako Takai and Thomas Takai; to the Charalambo Harrison; to the Committee on Committee on the Judiciary. the Juqiciary. PETITIONS, ETC. By Mr. SHEEHAN: By Mr. MADDEN: H . R. 3737. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Vas Under clause 1 of rule XXII, H. R . 3732. A bill for the relief of Musaitif silike J. Daskalake; to the Committee on 84. The SPEAKER presented a petition or Mustafa; to the Committee on the Judiciary. the Judiciary. the city clerk, Wyandotte, Mich., requesting By Mr. MILLER of Maryland: By Mr. THOMAS: earnest and favorable consideration be given H. R. 3733. A bill for the relief of Charles H . R. 3738. A bill for the relief of Roy M. proposals for increasing compensation o! A. Barron; to the Committee on the Judi Hofheinz and wife (Irene); to the Commit postal workers, which was referred to the ciary. tee on the Judiciary. Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Sale of Government-Owned Synthetic mended for sale, plus the plants to be the Government-owned synthetic rubber in put in standby, plus operating losses for dustry will be sold to private corporations Rubber Plants to Private Industry for a total of $310,565,000. the wartime years, is placed by the Com Far. from disapproving, Congress and the mission at $2'72,918,800. Recommended Nation as a whole ought to applaud this EXTENSION OF REMARKS plant sales-even taking into account the highly satisfactory conclusion of a history OF plants earmarked for standby-repre making chapter of cooperation between the sent 96.6 percent of the taxpayers' un Government and private industry. HON. WILLIAM H. AYRES recovered investment. Of the billions upon billions of dollars OF OHIO Against the yardstick of any previous which the United States had to spend to carry World War II to a successful conclu IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES disposal of Government's property, this would certainly represent full fair value, sion, none produced a greater money's worth Monday, February 7, 1955 at the time nor has turned out to have a in my opinion. better "cash-in" value. Mr. AYRES. Mr. Speaker, on January As regards the Commission's directive Creation of the plants early in the war 24 there was submitted to this House from the Congress to develop a disposal was an industrial miracle, brought about by and referred to the Armed Services Com pattern shaped to foster a free and com Government money and priorities and the mittee a report recommending sale of petitive industry, I would call attention rubber, chemical, and oil industry's tech· the Government-owned synthetic-rub· to this phase of the report. nical knowledge. Without this source of rub ber, every phase of our military and civilian ber plants to private industry. Rubber manufacturers who were suc activities would have been crippled and vic I have spoken on previous occasions cessful bidders and have in their own tory would have been long delayed. of the legislation which we passed to requirements for rubbei.' a captive mar- In the years immediately following the authorize this sale. Today I would like . ket are required by contract to divert war, the rubber-making facilities kept con to commend the Rubber Producing Fa· fixed percentages of their production to sumers-and that includes everyone in this cilities Disposal Commission on an out the free market to be available to -small country-from being gouged of hundreds o:C business. millions of dollars in inflated prices for na standing job. tural rubber. Since we required them to operate In two instances, sales were made to Ever since 1948, the Beacon Journal has under a very strict set of ground rules nonrubber manufacturers who have no been urging that the plants ought to be sold with respect to assuring free competi· captive market. It is interesting to note to private industry; that in peacetime the tion, obtaining full fair value, and guar· that the several hundred rubber manu Government had no proper function as a anteeing the security interests of the facturing companies which will have no manufacturer and that private competition United States, they were compelled lit interest in the facilities disposed of, pur might improve the product and lower the chased from the Government last year cost. erally to pioneer new fields. No previous The Korean war postponed active steps disposal of Government property had 127,000 long tons of general purpose toward disposal but in 1953 a Republican ever been taken under such restrictive synthetic rubber to meet their require Congress set up a procedure for sale, based rules. ments in a year of high industrial largely on a pattern set under a Democratic How well they did this job is reflected activity. administration in 1948. in the report now before us. The disposal recommendations create On July 25, 1953, we said: As for security, contracts for every fa· a pattern which would make 242,000 tons "The surest way to carry the rubber dis cility contain clauses assuring the avail of total rubber available to the non posal program on to a successful conclusion would be for the President to name to the ability of that facility to the Nation's captive market. Commission three men of such recognized security needs for 10 years. This would in effect put 2 pounds of integrity and sound judgment that no one As to the fair value criterion, the rec supply in competition for every pound would think of questioning their recom ommendations point out that the syn of market in the whole area of non mendations. thetic-rubber program, including con captive rubber requirements. This will "This would be a Commission of compa tract prices, cash on hand, and inven be a reassuring thing, I am sure, to the rable standing to the one which, in 1942, tories to be disposed of, will return $401,- small consumer. It is evidence, more sized up the Nation's serious rubber short age and made drastic recommendations for 565,000 to the United States Treasury. over, of the earnest effort put forth by its solution." Of this amount, the recommended sales the Commission to satisfy the criterion President Eisenhower appointed Holman of the plants, miscellaneous equipment, of free competition which we laid down D. Pettibone, a Chicago banker, as Chair and inventory accounts for $310,565,000. in the Disposal Act of 1953. man; Leslie R. Rounds, a banker from New Not all of the facilities are being sold. In this connection, I would like to call York and Maine, and Everett R. Cooke, a Because there were no bids on some fa your attention to the following editorial Memphis cotton broker. They, in turn, cilities or because bids on another were from the Akron Beacon Journal of Janu chose Eugene Holland, a Chicago industrial too low, the Commission recommends ist, as executive director. ary 26, 1955, which I feel makes signifi This group was not as well known as the placing in ready standby three facilities cant comment on the Commission's re Baruch-Conant-Compton Commission of with a net book value as of April 30, port: 1942 but its performance has been equally as 1955, of $18,557,000. GOING, GOING competent, hardheaded, and patriotic. The unrecovered investment of the Unless Congress disapproves within 60 After surveying its responsibilities through American people in the plants recom- days, 24 plants which comprise the bulk o:C a personal inspection of all the facilities, 1230 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE JJ' ebruary 7. the commission carried on months of tough Iy far from ideal, particularly when there for a period of 60 days. If the order bargaining with potential buyers and has are children in the home. were not voted down by either House come up with bids that represent a. return The employees of the Post Office De during that period, it would go into to the taxpayers of 96.6 of their total unre partment are hard working, loyal, and effect. covered investment. No 'one but an out-and-out deniogog most deserving of our prompt and favor Export or import interests who feel could possibly call these proposed sales a able consideration, and I respectfully that a particular rate of duty is too giveaway. urge each and every Member of the high could likewise apply to the Tariff No one but an out-and-out Socialist House to get behind this legislation to Commission under the same procedure. would argue that ownership of these facil provide more adequate remuneration for If the Commission found the rate to be ities should remain in the hands of the those who have served us so faithfully too high, it would issue an order re Government. ducing it to the peril point. From there Adequate safeguards have been provided and efficiently. to make sure that defense need will be the procedure would be the same. fulfilled in case of war. The Attorney Gen Mr. Speaker, the Congress, through eral has certified that the prospective dis the provisions of this bill, would lay tribution of ownership is such that no prob An Analysis of H. R. 864 down guides to the Tariff Commission lem of monopoly is involv.ed. for its use in judging whether import By all means, Congress ought to give its injury or lack of fair import competition blessing to the sales as arranged by the Rub EXTENSION OF REMARKS exists. Eleven points of evidence of in ber Producing Facilities Disposal Commis OF jury are set forth as a guide. sion. HON. NOAH M. MASON While the executive branch would no longer have the :final word in a tariff OF ILLINOIS adjustment, the bill, nevertheless, pro Salary Increases for Postal Workers IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vides that the Department of State Monday, February 7, 1955 might, if it so desired, send to Congress EXTENSION OF REMARKS a statement setting forth its views on Mr. MASON. Mr. Speaker, H. R. 864, OF any tariff adjustment order. The Na a bill to amend the Tariff Act of 1930, tional Security Council would likewise HON. LESTER HOLTZMAN introduced by Congressman VAN ZANDT, be given a voice in the determination of OF NEW YORK is designed to restore to Congress the cases to the extent of having a repre IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES :final responsibility for any adjustments sentative sit with the Tariff Commission made in- the tariff. To this end H. R. Monday, February 7, 195·5 during hearings. 864 would empower the Tariff Commis Mr. Speaker, the system proposed by Mr. HOLTZMAN. Mr. Speaker, many sion under stated conditions to increase H. R. 864 would not lead to any general times in the past 2 years have I spoken or reduce or to establish rates of duty, increase or reduction of the tariff. Rate . to this body on the need to enact ade or to impose, modify, or withdraw im changes would be made or quotas would quate legislation to increase the salaries port quotas, sub-ject only to congressional only be imposed or modified after in of our postal workers. . veto. vestigation of individual cases. If an During the last Congress, I had intro The stated aim of the bill is to estab existing rate were satisfactory or no ap duced a bill calling for an $800 per an lish imports on a fair competitive basis, plication were made to have it modified, num increase for postal workers, but, first, by avoiding import injury to do there would be no modification. Thus, unfortunately, no action was taken on mestic producers; and, second, by pro only a limited number of rates would be this measure. However, legislation viding means of reducing excessive rates changed-increased or reduced-per granting somewhat smaller increases to to the peril point, that is, to the point year. The Tariff Commission would be postal and other Federal workers was below wbich import injury would occur. given 9 months to conclude any 1 in approved by the House and the Senate This might include complete removal of vestigation. a;nd sent to President Eisenhower for a duty. . There is no similarity in this proce signature. The President chose to veto Mr. Speaker, H. R. 864 would give stat dure to--or remote connection with-the the bill on August 23, 1954, after the utory standing to the rates now owing old system of logrolling when Congress adjournment of Congress when it was their existence to a trade-agreement itself wrote the rates. The principal impossible for the Congress to take any concession. Therefore, there would be difference between this method of chang additional action to override the veto. no increase in any rate of duty upon ing the tariff and the present system lies Legislation has been introduced in expiration of the existing trade agree in changing the final authority in a tariff in both the House and the Senate which ments law. All existing trade agree modification from the executi've to the will provide a 10-percent increase in the ments would remain in effect in accord legislative branch. Also, the tariff would basic compensation of postal employees, ance with their own terms until or unless no longer be used as an instrument of with a minimum increase of $400 per expressly repealed. diplomacy by the State Department or annum and I am introducing similar The overall objective of this bill is as a means of bargaining for concessions legislation in the House today, with the to assure the largest volume of imports from other countries. hope that this measure will be reported that may be absorbed by this country favorably by the Committee on Post without causing import injury. It pro Otlice and Civil Service. . vides the machinery by which our tariff There has been a move afoot to tie may be adjusted, item by item in individ The Tragedy of Yalta ShGuld De in the salary increase with an increase ually investigated cases, to bring about in the postal rates. The one is not such a maximum volume of trade. Repudiated interdependent upon the other and to The adjustment of any tariff rate could approve such tie-in legislation would be be initiated in a manner very similar to EXTENSION OF REMARKS to establish a very poor precedent. the present initiation of an escape-clause OF The last increase granted the postal action. To date this has been confined employees was in 1951, and we are all to applicant industries that have alleged HON. GORDON L. McDONOUGH well aware of the fact that the cost of serious injury from imports. Under OF CALIFORNIA living has increased considerably since H. R. 864 producers who suffer injury IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that time. These employees have been from import competition could apply to desperately trying to catch up with the the Tariff Commission for a tariff ad Monday, February 7, 1955 rapidly rising cost of living, but are far justment. The Commission would make Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr. Speaker, to short of the goal and hard pressed to an investigation, hold hearings, and-if day, February 7, 1955, marks an anni provide their families with even the bare convinced of the need for relief-would versary in history. Not a glorious an necessities. The vast majority of postal issue a tariff adjustment order consist niversary day for celebration and rejoic workers have been forced to supplement ing of a change in the tariff or a quota ing, for honor and commemoration, but their incomes by taking part time em limitation or both. · the anniversary of an event which has ployment elsewhere or having tl:leir The tariff adjustment ·order would cast a shadow across the bright un- wives work-a situation which is certain- then go to Congress where it would lie . sullied shieid of the United States itself. 1955 CONG~ESSIONAL ;RECORD- HOUSE 1231 Today, February 7, is the lOth anniver .. tion, Polish legionnaires fought with Eisenhower in his health message ad.. sary of the ''Big Three" meeting at Yalta French troops in the hope that a Napo dressed to Congress. which led to the now infamous Yalta leonic victory would bring liberation to The enactment of the legislation would agreement. Poland. Seventy thousand of them go far in providing improved health fa This was an agreement reached by marched with Napoleon's Grand Army cilities for our people. It deserves the Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt. It was into Russia, and the battlefields of favorable consideration of the Congress. an agreement entered into by Franklin Europe heard the song of the Polish The following is a summary of the sev Delano. Roosevelt as a great career was legions: eral titles of the bill as they deal with fast drawing to its close. Ill; worn by Poland has not perished wholly separate features of the legislation: While we live to own her. the terrible responsibility of the war SUMMARY OF TITLE I-HEALTH SERVICES years, forced to look to those he "trusted This song is echoed in the hearts of PREPAYMENT PLANS for the facts upon which to base his Poles wherever they may be found in IN GENERAL momentous decision, with a scant 60- the world today, As a partial attack on the problem of odd days of life remaining, Roosevelt. in Parliamentary procedure existed in making needed health services and facili the eyes of history made a tragic mistake Poland dating from 1454, and as early as ties available to the maximum number of in entering into the Yalta agreement. 1505 Poland gave its citizens the greatest people on a prepayment basis, this title of The United States was just emerging guaranty of personal freedom and inde the bill would authorize a two-pronged pro triumphant in victory in the last months gram within the Department of Health, Edu pendence. It was a nation where re cation, and Welfare, namely (a) technical of World War II. By force of arms and ligious wars never took place in spite of sacrifice, at the cost of the youth of our advisory and informational services, without the deep religious conviction of its charge, to health services prepayment plans, Nation, a war was won. At Yalta in a people. and (b) reinsurance for hea1th services pre few ill-fated hours, the victory and the As an example of Polish tolerance, payment plans established and operated by peace were irrevocably lost. these were the words of Chancellor commercial insurance carriers or by non A decade of uneasy peace, hot and cold Zamoysld, who served the Polish 'people profit carriers. war, record spending and debt which has during the reign of Stephen Batory. Re ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE placed a yoke of high taxes, military ferring to Poles who had strayed from 1. The bill would vest all responsibility for conscription, and depleted value of cur the church, he said: the administration of the program in the rency upon the American people has I would give half my life if those who have Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. emerged as the result of the Yalta agree abandoned the church should 'Voluntarily re (Under existing law, the Secretary could ment. turn to its fold; but I would rather give all delegate all or any part of this function and Through the door opened at Yalta, my life than suffer anybody to be con either place it in an existing major unit Russian imperialistic expansion has strained to do it, for I would rather die than within the Department or place it in a new reached the proportions of a menace to witness such oppression. unit.) 2. The bill would provide for a national all freedom-loving nations of the world. Poland regained its independence as a advisory council on health services prepay During the last decade China has been nation at the end of World War I as a ment plans consisting of 12 members ap lost to the Reds. Poland was abandoned result of the Allied victory. The work pointed by the President, one of whom would to Soviet domination. The Iron Curtain of restoration of the Republic was monu be designated by the President as chairman. was forged shutting off millions from The council would advise, consult with, and mental, but great strides were made and make recommendations to the Secretary on the freedom they had cherished and a nation described as "by the whole of fought for. Korea brought a futile war matters of policy relating to the Secretary's the people for the whole of the people'' activities and functions under this title of where for the first time in the history emerged. of the United States victory was not the the bill. It is, indeed, a tragedy that the Allied 3. In addition to authorizing, in general objective. Indochina fell. victory in World War II and the result terms, utilization of other Federal agencies, And today only the 11th hour decision ant Yalta agreement destroyed Polish or of any other public or nonprofit agency or of our great President, Dwight D. Eisen hopes of freedom and independence. institution, the bill would provide for maxi• hower, to stand firm in the Far East to Poland enjoyed a scant 20 years of mum utilization by the Secretary of the var:. stem the Communist aggression of Red ious State insurance departments (or other China, and the instant backing of his liberation before the German invasion, State agencies supervising carriers of health policy by the Congress, has momentarily and now Poles in all parts of the world services prepayment plans) , especially in de as well as in the Polish homeland pray termining compliance with requirements and stemmed the Red tide. for independence for their nation, which standards prescrlbed by the Secretary as a The Yalta agreement was indeed the condition of approval of a health services opening of a modern Pandora's box was denied at Yalta. It is high time the Congress of the prepayment plan for reinsurance. Final re which has brought and is still bringing United States takes ofticial action to re sponsibility for such determinations would. tragedy to the free world. of course, rest with the Secretary. But we can be grateful for one thing. pudiate the Yalta agreement which has 4. Regulations under this title of the bill The Yalta agreement was never given brought so many millions under the could not authorize any Federal officer or the force of a treaty. It was referred to Communist domination of Soviet Russia, employee to exercise any supervision or regu the Senate but it was never ratified, and and on this lOth anniversary of the-Yalta latory control over any participating car thus is not legally binding upon the agreement I sincerely urge that this ac .. rier, or over any hospital or other health fa .. tion be taken without further delay. cility or personnel furnishing personal health United States. services covered by a participating prepay And its complete repudiation should ment plan. be effected by the Congress and the Ex ecutive to eliminate all doubt as to the TECHNICAL AND ADVISORY SERVICES Administration Health Bill Under this part of the program, the Sec position of the United States on this retary would be authorized to conduct studies agreement. · and collect information on the organization To fully realize the infamy of the EXTENSION OF REMARKS al, actuariaJ, and other problems of health Yalta agreement, perhaps the best ex OF services prepayment plans, make the results ample for examination is the tragic of such studies and the information so col plight of Poland, a nation which HON. CHARLES A. WOLVERTON lected generally available, and provide to throughout its history has championed OF NEW JERSEY sponsors of such plans, without charge, or ganizational and other technical advice and the cause of individual freedom and re IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES information, including information on mor ligious tolerance, two of the most cher · Monday, February 7, 1955 bidity and organizational methods. ished ideals of our own Nation and For this part of the program a separate fundamental to our American philos Mr. WOLVERTON. Mr. Speaker, I appropriation would be authorized. ophy. have introduced the administration's REINSURANCE PROGRAM 3720. The Poles have fought courageously health bill, H. R. It is an omni 1. Four types of plans would be eligible for and tirelessly in the face of insurmount .. bus bill that has six titles. These sepa .. reinsurance under title I of the bill. able 0dds to restore freedom to Poland rate titles provide the necessary legis .. (a) Plans for average and lower income during their darkest hours of enslave:. lation to make effective the several families: These are plans designed primarily ment. During the black years of parti- recommendations made by President to provide reasonable coverage for families of 1232 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOU-SE February 7 average or lower income, and which meet cer vision, to establish, for example, special re geons, or dentists in the employ of such tain requirements set forth in the bill. inst:rance accounts for each of the types of carrier, unless the carrier bas an organiza These requirements are- plans eligible for reinsurance as described tional structure vesting control over the ( 1) For service type plans, provision of above in paragraph 1, for classes of carriers, practice of medicine or dentistry solely in (i) Seventy or more days hospitalization or for members· of a group of affiliated or duly licensed members of the professions per year; associated carriers. involved. · (ii) in-hospital surgical and other med- 5. The fund would be invested in Federal, 10. The liability of the reinsurance fund ical care; or federally guaranteed, interest-bearing se with respect to a reinsured plan would be (iii) home and office physician care. curities. fixed and limited as follows: (2) For indemnity-type plans- 6. Au~bority to write reinsurance in a (i) not more than 15 percent coinsurance given field would be subject to a standby (a) The reinsurance base for hospital care, 25 percent for physician or no-competition provision. That is to say, The fund would not underwrite all of the care, and 25 percent for other care and serv the Secretary could reinsure plans of a carrier's annual benefit costs under the plan. ices included in the plan; given kind or type only if, in the Secretary's Rather, the reinsured portion of such costs (ii) maximum deductible of $100 per ill judgment, reinsurance for such plans, on would be limited to the excess, if any, of ness per beneficiary or $150 per year per terms and conditions, and at premium rates, (1) aggregate annual incurred benefit beneficiary or family and maximum liability comparable to those offered under this title costs under the plan, over of at least $750 per illness per beneficiary, or of the bill, is not available from private (2) the difference between (i) gross an~ $1,000 per year per beneficiary or family. sources to an extent adequate to promote nual earned premium income and (ii) a ( 3) For both types of plans- the purposes of the program. By implica portion of such income called the "admin (i) no illness exclusions (except for cer tion, the Secretary would have to stop writ istrative-expense allowance." tain specified illnesses, such as tuberculosis, ing reinsurance when such a finding could The administrative-expense allowance ap etc.); no longer be made. plicable to a given year for a reinsured· plan (ii) maximum age of at least 70 years and 7. Reinsurance for a plan could not be automatic renewal on reasonable terms after would be determined by mpltiplying the granted unless (a) the applicant carrier is gross earned premium income for the year 5 years; operating and proposes to operate accord by seven-eighths of the carrier's pre (iii) conversion of group policies on rea ing to law, (b) there is. no reason to believe sonable terms; estimated (and thus predetermined, prior to that the carrier is financially unsound or the commencement of the reinsurance term (iv) compliance with other requirements that it operates in an unsafe manner, (c) in regulations. into which the year falls) ratio of its annual the reinsurance of the plan will promote the administrative expenses under the plan 1 to (b) Major medical expense plans: These purposes of the program, (d) the carrier are plans designed to provide protection its annual earned premium income under the agrees to submit such reports concerning its plan. against the exceptionally high costs of medi operations under the reinsured plan as the cal and hospital care per illness per bene Secretary may from time to time reasonably Thus, before reinsurance would begin to ficiary, which meet certain specified condi require, (e) the carrier bas agreed to the apply, th~ carrier would in effect have to tions. These are: Not more than 25 percent reinsurance premium rate fixed by the Sec absorb fully out of its premium income, as coinsurance (with respect to the personal retary for the plan, and (f) the plan, the benefit costs, (1) the anticipated portion of health services specified in the plan), cover policies or con tracts thereunder, and pro premium income normally devoted to bene age of all illnesses (except for certain speci posed method of operation comply with the fit costs for such a plan, (2) the portion fied ones), conversion of group policies on terms and conditions prescribed for reinsur anticipated as available for profits (in the reasonable terms, and other requirements in ance. Certification by the State insurance case of a carrier organized for profit) and regulations. department (or corresponding supervisory for contingencies, and (3) one-eighth of the (c) Plans for rural area families: Plans agency) of the carrier's home State as to portion of premium income anticipated as designed primarily for rural area families whether there is reason to believe the car administrative expenses. However, there is which comply with requirements in regula rier is financially unsound or unsafe, as de one variation of th·e foregoing for rural-area tions. termined in accordance with criteria estab plans. Instead of absorbing one-eighth of (d) Other plans: Other plans which will lished by the Secretary, could be accepted the anticipated administrative expenses, the carry out ·the purposes of this title of the bill by the Secretary as conclusive. As to utili carrier could at its option absorb 2 percent and which comply with requirements in reg zation of State agencies with respect to (f), of its anticipated premium income if this ulations. see paragraph 8. would result in reinsurance of a larger The Secretary would also be authorized, 8. As a condition of granting reinsurance, portion of its benefit costs. as a condition of granting reinsurance, to the Secretary could, among other things, Procedurally, the ratio of administrative establish by regulation terms, conditions, specify (a) minimum benefits; (b) safe expenses to earned premium income of the and requirements as to the other types and guards against undue exclusions of preexist carrier under the plan would be estimated kinds of prepayment plans which will be re ing conditions or of specific illnesses, or by the carrier, and that estimate would be insured, coinsurance, deductible amounts, against other undue exclusions or limita submitted, with supporting data, with the etc. tions; (c) standards for deductible and co application for initial reinsurance or renewal 2. This program is designed to be self insurance provisions, limits of maximum lia of reinsurance. In order to prevent distor sustaining, over a reasonable term, through bility, waiting periods for benefits, and other tion, the Secretary could require the submis reinsurance premiums paid into a revolving such policy provisions; (d) standards for the sion of an average ratio based on a period not reinsurance fund. An appropriation of not duration, cancellability, and renewability of in excess of 3 years. The carrier's estimate to exceed $100 million to a capital-advance such policies or contracts; and (e) stand would have to be approved by the Secretary account in the Treasury would be author ards for plan provisions with respect to costs unless considered to be unreasonable or not ized, which would be available, without and charges of providers of personal health in good faith. fiscal-year limitation, as a line of credit for services payable by the carrier, to the extent For plans operated to a substantial extent advances of working capital to the reinsur such standards are necessary to proteCt the on the basis of personal health services to ance fund. When and as the condition of fund against abuses or arbitrary cost in be furnished by the carrier directly through the fund permits, such advances would be creases. The Secretary would be precluded its own staff or indirectly through the staff repayable to the capital-advance account and from reinsurin~ any plan for which the car of an affiliate, or on the basis of payments the amount so repaid would again be avail rier's premium rates are such as to make made by the carrier to a provider of per able for future advances to the fund if the plan financialiy unsound, or any plan sonal health services which is an affiliate of needed. Until repayment, interest on the with respect to which the carrier's break the carrier, the above formula would not outstanding balance of advances to the fund down of its single-pre·mium rate, as between apply, but the Secretary would, by regula would be payable to the Treasury as miscel reinsured and nonreinsured types of bene tion, prescribe a formula calculated to laneous receipts. fit costs, is unreasonable, or any plan rein achieve for such plans reinsurance protec 3. Reinsurance premiums would, pursuant surance of which would not promote the tion reasonably comparable in scope and ex to regulation, be fixed by the Secretary at purposes of this title of the bill, but in tent to that provided for other types, taking rates determined with a view to achieving other respects the ·Secretary would· be pre into account their inherent differences. the objectives of the program and fiscal self cluded from setting any standards for the (b) Coinsurance sufficiency over a reasonable term. Such carrier's premium rates. The State insur premiums could, and probably would, be ance department or corresponding State The liability of the fund would be lim fixed separately for each plan (for the initial agency of a carrier's home State (as de ited to 75 percent of the carrier's reinsured reinsurance term, and thereafter again for fined) would, if willing, be utilized to cer each renewal term) . tify to the Secretary whether the plan com 1 As here used, the term "administrative 4. Reinsurance liabilities under the pro plies with the terms and conditions stipu expenses" is intended to include all 'Of the gram would be limited to and paid from the lated as a condition of granting reinsur carrier's expenses and charges ihcurred under fund, except that the Secretary could set ance. the plan, except the benefit costs and except up separate reinsurance accounts within the 9. The Secretary could not approve for any provision for contingencies, profits, divi 'fund, in which event liability would be lim reinsurance any plan for direct provision of dends, and refunds. The Secretary would be ited to the account to which a plan is allo medical or dental services by the carrier authorized to define "administrative ex cated. It would be possible, under this pro- through a salaried staff· of physicians; sur- penses" for such purposes more particularly. 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1233 cost so arrived at. This is an adoption, for purposes of this program, or to establish ad pendents, under a plan of such employer or this purpose, of the principle of coinsurance. ditional advisory groups as deemed necessary. organization, though use of the facility would 11. The reinsurance term would be stipu 3. Except as otherwise specifically provided, not necessarily be restricted to such employ lated for a given (regular) period, e. g., a no Federal officer or employee would be au ees, subscribers, members, or dependents. No year, in the reinsurance certificate, but the thorized to exercise any supervision or con mortgagee would be eligible unless approved Secretary could, by or pursuant to regula trol over the administration, personnel, or by the Secretary as responsible and able to tion, provide for letting the reinsurance operation of any privately owned and oper service the mortgage properly. term extend beyond such regular period with ated health facility. The bill also expressly 2. The mortgage insurance program would respect to policies or subscriber contracts precludes any possibility of its being inter assist in financing the new construction, or issued during such period and running be preted as authorizing any association or cor expansion, modernization, and so forth, of a yond it. Also authorized pursuant to regu poration to engage in the practice of healing Wide variety of health facilities, including lations would be the combination of a car or medicine as defined by State law, or as hospitals, diagnostic or treatment centers, rier's experience under two or more rein conferring on any person the right to exer nursing homes licensed by the States, and sured plans during the same term. In addi cise any control over any individual's per rehabilitation centers. It would not be avail tion, regulations could provide for the ex sonal right to select his own hospital, physi able to finance facilities devoted primarily tent to which experience during a term will cian, or group of physicians. to domiciliary care. The loan secured by the be combined with experience during exten FINANCING OF THE PROGRAM insured mortgage could include costs of con sions thereof and the extent to which policies struction, initial equipment, and site acqui issued during, but running beyond, the re 1. The health facilities mortgage insuranc.e sition, and, in the case of expansion, remodel insurance term will be treated as though program is designed as a self-sustaining busi ing, or conversion of an existing building, it issued in a subsequent term. ness-type financial operation. Premiums for could include the cost of acquiring the ex 12. Reinsurance for a plan could be ter insurance of the principal of eligible mort isting building and site or of refinancing an minated by the Secretary on any ground gages would be paid into a revolving fund, existing indebtedness thereon. specified in regulations in effect not less to be known as the health facilities mort 3. Mortgage insurance would be authorized than 90 days in advance of the commence gage insurance fund, which would be used for mortgages securing loans in amounts not ment of the current initial or renewal term for carrying out the program. An initial in excess of 80 percent of the estimated value of such reinsurance. However, reinsurance appropriation of $10 million, and such addi (upon completion) of the property (includ with respect to policies or subscriber con tional sums thereafter as necessary, would ing the land), for terms not in excess of 30 tracts in effect on the effective date of such be authorized for the purpose of establishing years. This maximum percentage could be termination would remain in force until the a separate working-capital account frozp lowered by regulation, either for particular normal expiration of the term. • which needed capital would be transferred classes or types of facilities or otherwise. As to tJ;le health facilities mortgage insurance MISCELLANEOUS a condition of insurance the mortgagor would fund by the Secretary. Such capital ad be required to agree to repay forthwith any 1. The bill would confer broad powers on vances would be repayable to the working the Secretary with respect to enforcement amount by which the mortgage loan ex capital account as the condition of the insur ceeded 80 percent of the actual cost (as de or settlement of claims, and would authorize ance fund permits, beginning not later than the Secretary to hold hearings, etc., in con fined). (In determining such estimated July 1, 1965, and would then be available value or such "actual cost," the Secretary nection with investigations under the pro for future advances to the fund on like would be required to deduct the amount of gram. terms. (Interest would accrue to the Treas any Federal grant, such as a grant under 2. Criminal penalties would be imposed, ury on such capital advances, and would the hospital survey and construction pro not only for falsely advertising or represent be payable annually as and when sufficient gram, to which the sponsor is entitled for ing that a carrier is reinsured or has applied reserves, etc., have been built up in the in the project.) for reinsurance but, regardless of the truth surance fund.) Should additional funds be 4. The Secretary would be authorized to or falsity of the representation, also if the required to meet liabilities incurred under representation is not authorized by, or fails prescribe by regulation the form and con insurance contracts of the program, such tent of applications to be made by the to conform to, regulations prescribed by the funds could be obtained by the sale of notes Secretary. mortgagee and other terms and conditions or other interest-bearing obligations to the for the insurance of eligible mortgages and 3. The effe 2. In addition to the payment in cash of ALLOTMENTS control· of particular diseases, with an au• an amount equal to 95 percent of the value Allotments to the States would be based on thorization for grants for support of public of the mortgage, the Secretary would also relative State population, but with a mini health services generally and for extension issue to the mortgagee a certificate of claim mum to each State of $7,500 per fiscal year and improvement of such services and grants for the difference between the amount of ($3,750 in case of the Virgin Islands). for special projects. the cash payment and the amount the mort gagee would have received if the mortgagor MATCHING GRANTS TO STATES FOR PUBLIC-HEALTH SERVICES had paid all his obligations in full under The Federal share of approved projects for Allotments and payments tor public-health the mortgage, plus an allowance for the extension and improvement of practical services mortgagee's expenses where the mortgagee · nurse training would be 75 percent for the Allotments and payments under the re had foreclosed the mortgage or otherwise ac first 2 fiscal years, and 50 percent for last vised section 314 of the Public Health Service quired title for the Secretary. The certifi 3 fiscal years. Act for general support grants would be made cate of claim would bear 3-percent interest STATE PLANS as follows: but would be payable only out of the pro The States would have to submit plans- 1. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1956, ceeds of the property after the fund had 1. Designating the State board (the State and the fiscal year ending June 30, 1957, been made whole for all payments and ex board of vocational education or the State each State would be allotted an amount penses incurred under the mortgage insur board primarily responsible for supervision equal to its allotment under section 314 for ance transaction. of elementary and secondary education) as the current :fiscal year (ending June 30, 3. The bill provides for adjustment of the sole agency for administration of the 1955), including its current allotment for premium charges in case the principal obli plan, or for supervision of administrat ion by cancer grants but excluding its current al gation of an insured mortgage is paid in local educational agencies, with a registered lotment for mental-health grants. full prior to maturity, and for termination professional nurse in charge of or available 2. The remainder, after allotment accord of the insurance contract in the event the for consultation to the State board. ing to paragraph ( 1) , of the appropriations mortgagee, after 30 days' default of the mort 2. Showing the plans, policies, and meth for the fiscal years 1956 and 1957, and au gagor, fails to assign the mortgage, or to ods to be followed under the plan and pro sums appropriated in succeeding fiscal years have title delivered to the Secretary, as re viding such fiscal procedures, etc., as are would be allotted in accordance with regu quired under the bill in such cases and necessary for efficient administration. lations on the basis of (A) population, (B) elects not to claim the insurance after de 3. Containing minimum qualifications for extent of particular health problems, and fault of the mortgagor. In addition the teachers, teacher-trainers, supervisors, and (C) relative financial need of the States. Secretary wo11ld be authorized to require the directors. 3. Payments from the State's allotment, mortgagee to accelerate the debt on breach of 4. Providing for reports to the Commis except from sums set aside under subsection covenant or other undertaking contained in (c) for extension and improvement grants, the mortgage, if that course should be found sioner of Education as necessary. WITHHOLDING OF FUNDS would be made in accordance with the Fed to be necessary for the protection of the in eral share (established for each State, as surance fund or required by the purposes of The Commissioner may withhold pay described below, on the basis of relative per the program. ments, after notice and hearing to the State capita income) of the cost of public health MISCELLANEOUS board, for failure to comply with require servicas under the State plan, the cost of 1. The Secretary would be given bro_ad ments applicable to State plans. A State training personnel for State and local public powers to sue and be sued, compromise may appeal to Circuit court of Appeals and health work and the cost of administering claims, acquire, manage, and convey property then to United States Supreme Court if dis the State plan. in carrying out the program, and generally satisfied with the withholding of funds. Extension and improvement grants to exercise all the rights of a mortgagee with ADMINISTRATION respect to mortgages and the rights of an This title of the bill would be adminis The Surgeon General would be authorized owner with respect to property acquired in tered by the Commissioner of Education. to establish a percentage, not in excess of the administration of the mortgage insur The Commissioner would (a) make relevant 20 percent, to be set aside from the allot ance program. In order to facilitate the sale studies, investigations, and reports, (b) ments to the States for public health serv of mortgages acquired by the Secretary or render technical assistance to States, and ices. The percentage would be uniform for executed in connection with the sale of prop (c) disseminate pertinent information. He all States. The percentage of the allotments erty which had been acquired by the Secre would also be authorized to make rules and so earmarked could be used only for ap tary, the insurance of such mortgages would regulations and to delegate his powers and proved projects for extension and improve be authorized without regard to the limita duties, other than rule-making, within the ment of public-health services, which are tions with respect to eligibility for mort Office of Education. included in the State plan. Payments for gage insurance otherwise applicable. any 1 such project could be made for 2. The bill would authorize the collection EFFECT ON OTHER LAWS 4 years only. Payments would equal 75 per and distribution of information and statis Nothing in this title would affect the avail cent of the cost of the project for the first tics pertaining to the insurance of mort ability of amounts paid to States under the 2 years, and thereafter could meet not more gages. Smith-Hughes Act (39 Stat. 929), as amended than 50 percent of project costs, including 3. Insured mortgages would be exempted and extended, or the George-Barden Act ( 60 costs for administration and training of per from certain investment and other restric Stat. 775), as amended and extended, for sonnel for State and local public-health tions under Federal laws, as is the case with practical nurse training. work. mortgages insured under the National Hous SUMMARY OF TITLE IV-GRADUATE TRAINING State plans ing Act. OF PROFESSIONAL NURSES AND OTHER PRO The Surgeon General would be required to 4. Criminal penalties are provided for in FESSIONAL HEALTH PERSONNEL approve any State plan which meets the re the bill for fraud or forgery in connection Title IV of the bill authorizes a revised quirements prescribed by regulation. Sep with transactions under the mortgage insur program of traineeships in graduate nursing arate State plans for mental health would ance program. and in public-health specialties. have to be submitted i-n States with a sepa 5. The effective date of this program would This title of the bill adds a new section rate State mental health authority. be October 1, 1955. 305 to the Public Health Service Act author Regulations SUMMARY OF TITLE HI-PRACTICAL NURSE izing the Surgeon General to establish and TRAINING maintain two broad categories of trainee As under existing law, all regulations with ships in the service and elsewhere. There respect to grants to States under the new Title III of the bill authorizes a 5-year section 314 could be made only after con program in the Office of Education for the would be traineeships for graduate or spe cialized training in public health for doctors, sultation with a conference of State health extension and improvement of practical authorities, including State mental health nurse training through grants to State voca engineers, nurses, and other professional health personnel; also authorized would be authorities when grants for work in the tional education agencies for the training mental health field are concerned, and with of practical nurses. traineeships for training professional nurses for teaching or for administrative or super their concurrence insofar as practicable. GENERAL visory duties in the various fields of nursing. Withholding of grants Vocational education grants to States for This new section of the Public Health As under existing law, notice and hearing the 5-year period beginning July 1, 1955, for Service Act also authorizes the provision of to the State authority is required prior to extension and improvement of practical the traineeships through grants to public nurse training of less than college grade the discontinuance of grants for noncom and nonprofit institutions. The trainee pliance with the requirements applicable to would be authorized. The program would be ships would include. stipends and allowances applicable to all States, including Alaska, the State plan. in amounts to be determined administra Such withholding would apply to the Hawaii, the Virgin Islands, Puert<;> Rico, and tively. the District of Columbia. State's allotments for public health serv StrMMARY OF TITLE V-PuBLIC HEALTH ices, including extension and improvement APPROPRIATION AUTHORIZATION This title of the bill would, effective July 1, thereof, and including its allotments under Two million dollars would be authorized 1955, replace the present separate authori the new section 315 for mental health serv for fiscal 1956, $3 million for fiscal 1957, and zations for public-health grants under sec ices, or the withholding could apply only to $4 million each for fiscal 1958, 1959, and tion 314 of the Public Health Service Act, a particular project 'Or portion of the State 1960. including the separate authorizations for plan affected by the State's failure 1! the 1955 G:ONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1235 Surgeon General deemed such action appro and (2) grants to State and local agencies, Granahan Says Showdown on Delaware priate. universities, laboratories, and to individuals Judicial review would be authorized for for investigations, experiments, demonstra River Project Will Come in Appropria any State dissatisfied with the Surgeon Gen tions, studies, and research projects which tion Bill eral's action withholding its allotments. have been recommended by the National Ad visory Health Council. The Federal share For purposes of this section, Guam would EXTENSION OF REMARKS The Federal share establishes the portion be deemed a State. of the cost of public health services which OF may be paid from grants under the new sec SUMMARY OF TITLE VI-MENTAL HEALTH tion 314 (not earmarked for extension and Title VI of the bill would authorize a sepa HON. WILLIAM T. GRANAHAN improvement projects). It is defined as a rate grant program for mental health for OF PENNSYLVANIA percentage which equals 100 percent minus the 5-year period beginning July 1, 1955, the percentage which bears the same ratio consisting of grants for public health serv IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to 50 percent as the per capita income of ices in the field of mental health, comparable the State bears to the per capita income to the grants authorized by title V for public Monday, February 7, 1955 of the continental United States (excluding health services in general. It would also au Mr. GRANAHAN. Mr. Speaker, under Alaska). However, the Federal share could thorize special project grants for specific not exceed a maximum of 66% percent nor problems related to the improvement of care, leave to extend my remarks, I submit could it be less than 33Y:J percent; and the treatment, or rehabilitation of the mentally herewith a statement I have made in Federal share would be fixed at 50 percent ill and improvement in the administration support of legislation I introduced mak for Hawaii and Alaska, and at 66% percent of institutions providing care for such per ing an appropriation for the prosecution for Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. sons. of the Delaware River Channel deepen Method of computation and payment of GRANTS TO STATES FOR MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES ing project: grants Section 601 of the bill would amend the GRANAHAN SAYS SHOWDOWN ON DELAWARE Payments of amounts from the State al Public Health Service Act by redesignating RIVER PROJECT WILL COME IN APPROPRIATION lotments (including the portion for exten present section 315 as 316 and inserting a BILL sion and improvement projects) would be new section 315. Congressman WILLIAM T. GRANAHAN, based on estimates made on the basis of The new section 315 would authorize, in Democrat, of Philadelphia, said today the records and information furnished by the addition to the sums appropriated under showdown on the Delaware River Channel State and any other necessary investigation the new section 314, which are also available project from Philadelphia to Trenton "will with subsequent adjustment to correct any for mental public health programs, addi probably have to come in the appropriation errors in estimates. Payments would be tional appropriations for a 5-year period, bill if present efforts to persuade the Presi made in such installments as the Surgeon beginning with the fiscal year 1956, to be dent to change his mind do not succeed." General might determine. available specifically for public health serv ices in the field of mental health. GRANAHAN introduced a bill today to pro In case an officer or employee of the Pub vide for a $25 million Federal appropria lic Health Service is detailed to a State, or to Allotments from these appropriations to tion in the coming fiscal year to. begin work a political subdivision, or public or nonprofit the States would be made in accordance on the $90 million project. President Eisen organization or agency in the State, for the with regulations, on the basis of population, _hower's budget for the 1956 fiscal year had convenience and at the request of the State, extent of mental health problems, and finan- called for only a $6 million appropriation the Surgeon General would be authorized, cial need. · contingent on local industrial interests when so requested by the State health au The provisions on payments from the (United States Steel Corp.) providing $1'8 thority, to reduce any payment to the State State allotments are the same as under sec million toward the project before any Federal by the amount of the pay, allowances, travel tion 314 (as amended by title V of the bill): iunds are made available. ing expe·nses, and other costs related to the and the provisions of that section on regu "The series of conferences we have been detail of such officer or employee. The ·lations, methods of payment, and combi holding in devising strategy to try to get amount of that reduction would then be nation of allotments of States would be the President to change his mind and allow available for payment by the Surgeon Gen applicable here also. this project to go forward-as Congress said eral of the costs of the detail. GRANTS FOR SPECIAL PROJECTS IN it should-without the $18 million local con Technical assistance and detail of personneZ :MENTAL HEALTH tribution, may be effective, and should cer tainly be pushed full-speed ahead. Governor The Surgeon General would also be author Section 602 of the bill would amend the ized, in order to assist further in the exten Leader, Governor Meyner, and Governor Public Health Service Act to add a new Boggs are all making a fine contribution to -sion and improvement of public health serv section 304. ices, to train personnel for State and local this goal. The new section 304 would authorize an "But unless the President changes his public health work, to detail personnel to nual appropriations for a 5-year period, be Guam and American Samoa, and to extend mind, we will have to get this thing ac ginning with the fiscal year 1956, to enable complished in the same way we pushed training investigation, demonstration, and the Surgeon General to make project grants consultative services to Guam, American through the enabling legislation last year in the mental-health field similar to the that is, by convincing the Congress of the Samoa, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific grants authorized in section 303 (a) (2) for Islands. dangerous precedent which would be set if public health in general. The special proj the administration's position were allowed to Combination of allotments ects in mental health authorized under this prevail. The new section 314 also authorizes the section would be directed particularly to "That is why I am cosponsoring a special Surgeon General, at the request of a State, ward improved methods of care and treat appropriation bill to get this matter formally to combine a portion of its allotment for ment of the mentally ill and improved before the House Appropriations Committee public health services, or extension and im methods of operation and administration for when the civil functions appropriation bill institutions providing such care and treat provement projects, with that of another is called up for hearings. State for purposes of supporting a particular ment. Grants could be made to individuals and to public and private agencies, includ "We must not only convince the Appro and clearly defined public health service, or priations Committee of the soundness of our a project, undertaken by another State. ing the State agencies responsible for ad ministration of State institutions for care position but we must also impress on all GRANTS FOR SPECIAL PROJECTS and treatment of the mentally ill. Grants Members of Congress whose districts include Section 502 of the draft bill would amend could be made only upon recommendation navigable waterways that the President's section 303 of the Public Health Service Act of the National Advisory Mental Health idea. of requiring huge private contributions (which now relates to mental health) by Council. to waterways-development work will stifle replacing it with a new section. For purposes of this section, Guam would industrial expansion and raise all kinds o! The new section 303 would authorize ap be deemed to be a State. serious e.;onomic problems for the future. propriations, beginning with the fiscal year "We are pretty much in the same situa ending June 3.0, 1956, to enable the Surgeon TRAINEESHIPS IN MENTAL HEALTH tion that we were last year when the en General to make two types of project grants: Section 603 would amend the Public Health abling legislation was before Congress. At ( 1) grants to States (or with the approval Service Act by adding a new section 306. ·that time the administration insisted that of the State authorities, to interstate agen The new section 306 would make clear that the authorizing law require an $18 million cies or political subdivisions) for part of the the general authority of the Surgeon Gen local contribution. Intense efforts were cost of public health services having impor eral (sec. 433 of the Public Health Serv made to try to get the administration to t ance for the solution of public health prob ice Act) to establish and maintain trainee change that position. When those efforts lems which are emergent or acute in specific ships in fields of diseases in which an insti failed, we took the fight to the Congress and geographical areas or are common to several tute has been established in the Public won. We may h~ve to do exactly the same States, or problems for which the Federal Health Service applies in the field of me:ri.tal thing again-and I sincerely believe we can Government has a special responsibilitY,; health. win the fight all over again." 1236 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February z Rules of Debate in the Senate and House ber, if not a committee member, gets· The Spirit of Free Poland limited time. There is only one way another Mem .. EXTENSION OF REMARKS EXTENSION OF REMARKS ber can talk at all, and that is when OF OF the actual debate ends and the bill is read for amendment. A Member can HON. WILLIAM E. McVEY HON. USHER L. BURDICK speak then, providing he offers an OF ILLINOIS OF NORTH DAKOTA amendment that the Speaker thinks is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES germane, and he has 5 minutes. Most of these attempts are ruled out as "Not Monday, February 7, 1955 Monday, February 7, 1955 being germane," whatever that means. Mr. BURDICK. Mr. Speaker, the peo Anyway, it means that the Member can Mr. McVEY. Mr. Speaker, the 7th of ple generally have an idea from what is not talk. February marks the lOth anniversary of taught in our schools just how Congress The worst part of the whole proceed the famous wartime meeting of the Big works, but that theory is far from the ing is that if a Member thinks he has Three which marked the beginning of a actual operation of Congress. I am not just a mere chance of getting the floor, series of retreats of the free world before familiar with how the Senate operates, he has to stay in the Chamber and hear the forward march of Soviet aggression. but, from reading the newspapers, it all these speeches and grin and bear it. The spirit of Poland, although at times, seems to me that it is like ancient Gaul, Some do not even grin. Another im under the yoke of foreign aggression, divided into three parts. Those are the pediment to a noncommittee Member is still lived in the hearts of the Polish peo majority, the minority, and investigation that after he gets his 5 minutes, he is ple, and we firmly believe that it survives committees. In this body there are more asked to yield by some friendly Mem today. Her courage under various cir investigating committees than fleas on ber-and these noncommittee Members cumstances should be an inspiration for a homeless dog. ·Every department has are always polite-and the natural result future generations of Poles to carry on to be investigated, employees have to be is that most of his time has been con with that same indomitable spirit which investigated, Senators have to be inves sumed before he has said a word on the has characterized their actions through tigated, then, finally, the Senators have pending bill. This happened to me one out the years. to talk. There is no limit in the Senate time-! obtained 5 minutes and a Much disappointment has been felt not how long a Senator can talk. It depends friendly Member asked me to yield and, only by the people of Poland, but by not on what he knows about the subject being polite, I did so. This Member many nations who share the spirit of lib but the state of his health. If he can consumed 4 minutes-a little over that erty, that the Atlantic Charter has failed talk for 4 nights and 3 days without and I saw that the Chairman was getting to carry out its provisions with regard stopping he impresses the country. a;ll set to bang down the gavel and end to the rights and freedoms of people who There may be no one in the Senate but the great contribution I was making to have been subjected to the yoke of op the Presiding Officer and the clerks, but the bill. I saw my time was short. I pression. Those who committed their he can take encouragement because did not want to say "Goodby" as I was signature to the Atlantic Charter gave when one of the 2-mile horses gets going too riled up for that, so I had time to their approval to the following ideals on the public likes to see him go. I do not say, ''I have waited a year to speak on the part of the charter's membership. know whether the public bets on him or this bill. I did not have time to say a First. Countries should seek no ag .. not, but it is safer than betting on horses. word about it, so if you Members do not grandizement, territorial or otherwise. A horse may quit, but a Senator never. see me in the well of this House for an Second. The signators desire no terri~ Senators like two I have heard do not other year, allow me to wish you all a torial changes that do not accord with look like endurance champions, but you Merry Christmas and a Happy New the freely expressed wishes of the people cannot always go by looks. You would Year." concerned. swear that neither one of them could There is one good thing about the Third. The rights of all people to last 30 minutes, but there is where the House practice, though. 'If you never choose a form of government under public is ·fooled. Either one can talk say anything, you cannot be quoted in which they will live is sanctioned by the from Washington's Birthday to the the next campaign by some devilish up Atlantic Charter, and the charter ex Fourth of July without any perceptible start that goes gunning for your seat in presses the dictum that the sovereign weariness. One stumbled and fell once, Congress. This has brought me through rights and self-government shall be re~ but before he received any aid he was a winner in many campaigns. Probably ·stored to those who have been forcibly up and going stronger than ever. if I had been permitted to talk, as I deprived of them. · It is an education in itself to hear wanted to, I would not be here now. So The Union of Soviet Socialist Repub these 2-milers· talk. You can never tell you can see that while you are limited lics endorsed these objectives and be~ what the subject is, for they go into in debate by the rules of the House, plus came a .signator to this charter on Jan minute details from building a mouse the advice of the Speaker, I presume it uary 1, 1942. The freedom-loving people trap to building an atomic bomb, and, is a premeditated plan to keep these of Poland accepted this charter and of course, they are not experts at either. silent Members in Congress. hoped that it meant a spiritual rebirth They are not curtailed because they Personally, I would rather spend a of the principles of freedom to which might give away top secrets. What they short time in Congress than to be roped they had dedicated their lives on May 3·, say is not top secret at all, but it is some and hog-tied for 20 years. During my 1791. By their previous record they had thing that everybody already knows. service here I have learned to be a good earned the right to such expectations. New thoughts are seldom added, but listener, and while you hear very little They had made the same sacrifices on they grind up known information and that will enlighten you, good manners the altar of human decency and liberty spit it out in better rhetorical form than and the rules of the House give you great as the soldiers of other lands in their the language facts come in. Football, protection in campaigns if you have your fight against the tyranny imposed by baseball, horseracing, and the other heart set on being a Member of Con Adolf Hitler. They had also placed their sports will never please the rooters like gress term after term. Increased con trust and their faith in the intellectual one of these marathon exertions of a gressional salaries will be before the honesty of America. Senator. House in a few days now, and when it But what happened? The agreements In the House the Members have no comes up I am going to propose that made at Yalta surrendered much of the such unbridled liberties. The majority hog-tied Members receive a raise and principles which had been laid down in and minority committee members deal the volatile Members get just what they the Atlantic Charter. The freedom-lov out the time. Committee members have are now getting, or less. It is worth ing people of Poland were locked behind the first call, and if a Member wants more to sit here year after year and be the Iron Curtain, where they remain to to talk on a subject where there are 30 compelled to listen to what committee day. The events of those fateful hours committee members each having 30 min members have to offer-which is not ·at Yalta in the year 1945 constitute, per utes-and this is greatly underestimat much. haps, the darkest pages in the history of ed-900 minutes are consumed by these Here you have a picture o~ the debates our Republic. We pray that in some members. That would be 15 hours de in the Senate and House; which method manner we may atone for the wrongs bate. Usually the longest debates are to pursue, for political reasons, I hesi committed on a people who placed their 8 hours, so you can see where a Mem- tate to say. trust in our honor. 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 1237 Today the Polish -people are under the pressed with the exactness of the writing· the ground. He was by no means a pray yoke of a conqueror, but their spirit is and the illustrating figures. There is ing man, but since he was already on his not crushed. That intense patriotism not a blot in the whole book, not a line knees and the storm still raged, he made which has always characterized this peo retraced. Several of the early Lincolns the following prayer: "Oh, Lord, if it is ple will continue to exist until the day were men of this type, and it is not sur all the same to you, give us a little more when they will again throw off the rule prising that Lincoln's speech at Gettys- light and less noise." That settled the of the oppressor and take their rightful burg is a model of English expression. conference and the bankers left. The place among the freedom-loving peoples The environment surrounding Lincoln greenbacks were issued, and some are of the world. was a grave epoch in the history of the still in circulation. United States. The old question of the People in any country who . read the sovereign rights of States as to owning. life of Lincoln can see how a very humble slaves was not settled in the Constitu citizen had arisen in the Republic of Lincoln: A Great American Who Sought tional Convention, and in Lincoln's time the United States to carry the torch of To Preserve Union Without Bloodshed was threatening the preservation of the freedom. Union. The South was backing the Lincoln's ringing voice we still hear cause of States rights and the North was when he said: · EXTENSION OF REMARKS aroused over slavery. Lincoln saw that Our safety, our liberty, depends upon pre- . OF the people were divided and he did his serving the Constitution of the United States utmost to pacify the two divergent views. as our fathers made it, inviolate. HON. USHER L. BURDICK His famous statement that "a house di The people of these United States are the OF NORTH DAKOTA . vided against itself could not stand,'' rightful masters of both Congress and courts, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES while logical and prophetic, did ·not allay not to overthrow the Constitution, but to the rising storm. overthrow the men who pervert the Consti Monday, February 7, 1955 tution. Mr. BURDICK. Mr. Speaker, in the ASKED COMMONSENSE history of the world truly great men On entering upon his duties as Presi Lincoln's sound judgment, his pa seldom advance beyond their own geo dent of the United States he again ap tience, his indifference to any conse graphical con!ines and ·become world pealed to the commonsense of the people quences that might come to him, his to avert hostilities and unite in preserv great human heart, his deep and abiding characters. Again, it is not only .the sympathy, always exhibited in every act ability of the man himself, but the sur ing the Union. This failed of its pur pose and the War Between the States of his as President, gave a new defini roundings in which he is placed and the tion to this Republic, and people gravity of the situation before him that ensued. Some of his contemporaries thought throughout the world came to love this brings out those characteristics and great man of the people. A world char qualities that stamp him as an immortal he was too slow to action and too tempo rizing with those who had declared them acter he surely is, and his thoughts and in history. actions live with us today. The name The United States has contributed its selves out of the Union, but he stood firm as a rock upon the proposition that the of Abraham Lincoln today means more share of great statesmen who have risen to the people of the world than the name above their own territorial limits. Union must be preserved, and prayed that it might be done without bloodshed. of any other man who has crossed the In this category George Washington's stage of history, save one. name stands out among us, and through His own administrative assistants were out . the world itself, because he led a not always working in the best interests movement for freedom, and not content of the President, and many of them were with winning the cause of which he was candidates for that office themselves. Reclassification of Postal Jobs and the commander, he followed it up with Knowing of the many disloyal acts and the organization of a great republic in disagreements between himself and some Increase in Pay the New World, where life, liberty, and members of his Cabinet, most Presidents the pursuit of happiness was guaran would have discharged these men, but EXTENSION OF REMARKS teed to every citizen. This purpose of Lincoln knew, and said that in spite of OF government was the prayer of man for their interference with his plans they ages; hence it was that the name of were the best men for their places. · HON. EMANUEL CELLER George Washington is a familiar one in He was besieged for jobs, and one illus OF NEW YORK every country on earth. tration of this annoyance may be cited. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The name of Thomas Jefferson is an A gentleman from Ohio, who had done other name that has flashed across the outstanding work for the President in Monday, February 7, 1955 history of the world, due to his able writ the campaign, wanted a job. He came Mr. CELLER. · Mr. Speaker, under ings on the principles to be pursued in a to Washington and saw Lincoln. Dur leave granted to extend my remarks in republic such as ours. Many nations in ing the course of his conversation with the RECORD, I include the following state adopting their constitutions, were in the President, this man asked, "Mr. Lin ment made by me before the House Com spired by Jefferson and their documents coln, don't you think I merit a job with mittee on Post Office and Civil Service: followed his words very closely. the Government?" Lincoln then stated, I appear here today in support of H. R. HOPE TO OPPRESSED ;'Of course you are entitled to a place, 1592, a bill offered by Representative JAMES but the trouble is I do not seem to have· H. MoRRISON. This bill provides for a re The name of Abraham Lincoln flashed much influence with my administration." classification of all postal jobs and sets up across the country and did not dim at CONVINCED BANKERS a 10-percent salary increase-or $400 per territorial lines, but went on and on annum, whichever is the greater-for all throughout the world where people were When a delegation of bankers met with postal workers. It provides also that after struggling for freedom. Abraham Lin the President and protested against his salaries are increased they shall then be coln was unique, as he came up from poor plan to issue greenbacks directly from adjusted to the nearest multiple of $100. people and did not have the advantages the Government, a great and noisy argu Let us take the case of letter carriers, for of schools to attend, but was largely his ment ensued. In the midst of all the example: A letter carrier in 1939, claiming 3 exemptions, had a take-home pay of own teacher. He struggled for an edu talk Lincoln said that the situation re $2,007.47. This same letter carrier in 1952 cation; he struggled against poverty; minded him of a man who was traveling took home $3,378.78. If we were to provide and what he learned in this fiery furnace horseback through an unsettled portion the equivalent purchasing power of 1939, of necessity he never forgot. of Kentucky where there were only trails the take-home pay ·should be $3,927.60, or a Some have said and written that he and no roads and in some way missed gross average for letter carriers of $4,800. was an accident, but when you come to his path. To add to his difficulties night The gross average, however, would be con study his ance~try you find that one of came on, and- with it a terrific rain siderably less because the preponderating his granduncles .was a surveyor for Gen storm. The lightning crashed all around majority of letter carriers are not in the top longevity grade. This. picture holds true not eral Washington and author of a book the traveler, and it was only on these only for letter carriers but for postal clerks on mathematics. The te.xtbooks he occasions that he could see any portion and others proportionately. · wrote were written in longhand and il of. the trail. Soon a terrific flash of The administration takes the position that lustrate_d in freehand; and anyone ex lightning struck. The man fell off his the Post Ofiice Department should be self amining one of these rare books is im- horse and was brought to his knees on supporting. I am in emphatic disaccord. 1238 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February· ·7 Farmers receive from $750 million to $1 bil- versary of the free Chinese all over the world,.. I am a strong supporter of a powerful mili lion annually, depending upon the level of commemorating that great event and rededi· tary organization-but as the servants are price supports. There are no questions eating themselves to the principles for which not the masters of our Government, we can asked with reference to farm parity supports Dr. Sun stood and which the Chinese revolU• not afford the military to inject themselves and balancing anything. Business receives tion carried into effect. fUrther into matters that belong to the civil benefits totaling approximately $900 million. We all know of the great principles that ian side of government. These are subsidies for airline companies and Dr. Sun stOOd for and put iilto operation, of Furthermore, what is a nuisance attack? shipowners and others. We don't ask the his struggle for a free government in China, That raises many serious questions. companies thus aided to balance the Federal of the ideal of government that was truly It might well be observed that that state budget or any other budget of any depart representative, truly free, and dedicated to ment could well operate as an excuse for the ment. In the same manner, the Post Ofilce the welfare of the people. Reds to attack Formosa by air. If so will we deficit should be charged to business and The policy of our Government in relation tie the hands of Chiang in any action to the public generally, because the loss sus to Formosa and adjoining islands under con meet and prevent such attacks? tained arises primarily in the handling of trol of the Nationalist Chinese Government Is such a statement consistent with rolling second-, third-, and fourth-class business is most confusing to me, and I am sure over the 7th Fleet? mail. to you. When is nuisance attack not a nuisance We have many departments in the Federal We know that under President Truman attack? Government where no question of income there was a firm policy which was clearly Who will determine this question? exists. We do not set a policeman's salary understood by everyone. That policy did My understanding is that the Reds would on the basis of the income of the police not change from week to week or from have to roll over the 7th Fleet was department. We don't set the salary of men month to month. that any kind of attack on Formosa would who work· for the FBI on the basis of the We remember the promise of the present violate this policy. That seems to me .to be income received through the FBI. The administration to unleash Chiang Kai-shek commonsense. Post Office Department renders a general and his forces, meaning they would return And I now find out that nuisance attacks public service for which the public generally some day to the mainland to liberate China will not. What number of Red planes would must pay. The Postmaster General seems and its people. It is well know that millions constitute a nuisance attack? obsessed with the idea that the Post Office of Chinese on the mainland oppose the Com I am wondering where does that leave us. Department must be self-sustaining. If it munist regime and are waiting and praying What interpretation will be placed upon it is to be self-sustaining, then I suggest that for the day of their deliverance. by the Chinese Reds and the Soviet Union? Mr. Summerfield speak to the owners of pub They are waiting to help overthrow their Will they consider such a statement an ex lications like Life, Time, the Saturday Eve vicious tyrants, for the Chinese are a lib cuse or an invitation to attack by air? ning Post, Look, and others. They are the erty-loving people with an intense love of the And what about Quemoy? ones who do a great deal to create the deficit. family life. Outside of a few persons, and I am not But neither they nor the Federal employees Some months ago we found out that one of them, no one knows what our policy should be charged with making up the Chiang could not engage in any activity will be if the Reds attack Quemoy. d eficit. even from islands other than Formosa, with There have been intimations from respon In these last years, there has been a greatly out the consent or permission of our Gov sible American sources that if Quemoy is Increased productivity on the part of postal ernment. That was a great surprise to me, attacked-outside of furnishing arms and employees. Frequently, wages are kept down as I am sure it was to you. That secret advice-the United States will remain inac~ because of inadequate productivity. Con agreement was inconsistent with the other tive. comitantly, they should be raised where promise openly made: To unleash the forces One admiral connected with· the 7th increased productivity occurs. Postal em of Chiang Kai-shek. Fleet has indicated this in a press conference ployees have, in recent years, almost doubled There was certainly no unleashing it of a few weeks ago. their value and services in their workload Chiang and his forces could not move with . Admiral Radford, to the contrary, in are and benefit to the public generally. It is out our permission. cent speech strongly indicated that the loss estimated that a single employee handled In recent months, the aggressive Red move of Quemoy would be harmful to the defense 20 percent more mail per year in 1952 than against Quemoy has brought about some of Formosa. In other words, the defeat of in 1938. noticeable changes. Quemoy would make it easier for a successful One cannot exaggerate the importance of You will remember, as I do, that the Presi Red attack on Formosa. the work of our postal employees. They dent said, in substance, that the Red Chi And yet our policy, so far as I can ascer benef:. '; immeasurably our industry, com nese woul be sure and steady, their hope in Thee COMMITTEE MEETING DURING SENATE as an anchor that is steadfast and their SENATE SESSION TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1955 faith unshaken, that out of the ruin and wreck of today Thou art making all On request of Mr. KNOWLAND, and by The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Br.own things new. We ask it in the Name that unanimous consent, the Committee on Harris, D. D., · offered the following is above every name. Amen. Foreign Relations was authorized to prayer: mee~ during the session of the Senate today. Almighty and everliving God, as in THE JOURNAL this forum of national deliberation we bow in this quiet moment dedicated to , On r~quest of Mr. CLEMENTS, and by FEDERAL ASSISTANCE TO THE the unseen and eternal, confirm our . unanimous consent, the reading of the STATES IN CONSTRUCTION OF Journal· of the proceedings of Friday, faith; we beseech Thee, in those deep SCHOOL FAC~ITIES-MESSAGE February 4, 1955, was dispensed with.· and holy foundations which the fathers FROM THE PRESIDENT (H. DOC. la'id, lest in foolish futility we attempt to NO. 84) build on sand instead of rock. In· a day of violence and of swift and shifting MESSAGE~ FROM THE PRE;SIDENT The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be change, when the angry passions of men Messages in writing from the Presi fore the Senate a message from the are bursting anew into devouring flame, dent of the United States were com President of the United States, which enable Thy servants in the discharge of municated to the Senate by Mr. Miller, was read and referred to the Committee grave responsibilities of public trust-to one of his secretaries. on Laboi· and Public Welfare.