1955 ·cONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1215 to serve as members of the Board of Visitors day of February 1955, at 1:30 post meridian HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to the United States Coast Guard Academy and to bring with him certain and sundry for the year 1955: Hon. EDWARD A. GARMATZ; papers in the possession and under the con MONDAY, FEBRUARY 7,1955 Hon. LEONOR K. SULLIVAN; Hon. JOHN J, trol of the House of Representatives: There ALLEN, JR. fore be it The House met at 12 o'clock noon. As chairman of the Committee on Mer Resolved, That by the privileges of this The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, chant Marine and Fisheries, I am authorized House no evidence of a documentary char D. D., offered the following prayer: to serve as an ex officio member of the acter under the control and in the possession Board. of the Ho"use of Representatives can, by the Eternal God, our Father, in these Sincerely, mandate of process of the ordinary courts strange and troublous days, wilt Thou be· HERBERT C. BONNER, of justice, be taken from such control or especially favorable unto our President, Chairman. possession but by its permission; be it fur- our Speaker, and all the Members of ther , Resolved, That when it appears by the Congress, granting them insight and un BETTm M. BACON AGAINST order of the court or of the judge thereof, derstanding, wisdom and guidance. UNITED STATES or of any legal offi-cer charged with the ad Inspire them with a high sense of ministration of the orders of such court or duty and a fearless determination to fol The SPEAKER laid before the House judge, that documentary evidence in the low the ways of peace and righteousness, the following communication from the possession and under the control of the and do that which is well pleasing unto Clerk of the House: House is · needful for use in any court of Thee. FEBRUARY 5, 1955. justice, or before any judge or such legal The honorable the SPEAKER, officer, for the promotion of justice, this May the kind of civilization we are House of Representatives. House will take such order thereon as will longing and laboring for be one that has SIR: From the District Court of the United promote the ends of justice consistently with in it the Christlike spirit of justice and States for the District of Columbia the dis the privileges and rights of this House; be kindness, of brotherhood and love. bursing clerk of the House of Representatives it further To Thy name we ·ascribe all the has received a subpena duces tecum, directed Resolved, That Harry M. Livingston, dis praise. Amen. to him as such officer, to appear before said bursing clerk of the House, be authorized to court as a witness in the case of Bettie M. appear at the place and before the court The Journal of the proceedings of Bacon v. United States (civil action No. named in the subpena duces tecum before Thursday, February 3, 1955, was read 2384-53) , and to bring with him certain and mentioned, but shall not take with him any and approved. sundry papers therein described in the files papers or documents on file in his office or of the House of Representatives. under his control or in possession of the The rules and practice of the House of Clerk of the House; be it further MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE Representatives indicates that no official of Resolved, That when said court deterxnines A message from the Senate, by Mr. the House may, either voluntarily or in upon the materiality and the relevancy of Carrell, one of its clerks, announced obedience to a subpena duces tecum, pro the papers and documents called for in the duce such papers without the consent of subpena duces tecum, then the said court, that the Senate had passed without the House being first obtained. It is fur through any of its officers or agents, have amendment a concurrent resolution of ther indicated that he may not supply copies full permission to attend with all proper the House of the following title: of certain of the documents and papers re parties to the proceeding and then always at H. Con. Res. 61. Concurrent resolution ex quested without such consent. any place under the orders and control of tending felicitations to Michigan State Col The subpena in question is herewith at this House and take copies of any documents lege on the lOOth anniversary o! its founding. tached, and the matter is presented for such or papers and the Clerk is authorized to sup action as the House in its wisdom may see ply certified copies of such documents and fit to take. papers in possession or control of said Clerk BOARD OF VISITORS TO THE Respectfully yours, that the court has· found to be material and UNITED STATES MERCHANT MA RALPH R. ROBERTS, relevant, except mi:q.utes and transcripts of Clerk of the House of Representatives. executive sessions, and any evidence of wit RINE ACADEMY nesses in respect thereto which the court or The SPEAKER laid before the House The Clerk read the subpena, as follows: other proper officer thereof shall desire, so the following communication: UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DIS• as, however, the possession of said docu . . TRICT OF COLUMBIA-BETTIE M. BACON, ments and papers by the said Clerk shall not HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, be disturbed, or the same shall not be re Washington, D. C., January 31, 1955. PLAINTIFF, V. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, DEFENDANT-CIVIL ACTION No. 2384-53 moved from their place of file or custody The SPEAKER, under said Clerk; and be it further The House of Representatives, To: Mr. HARRY M. LIVINGSTON, United States Resolved, That copy of these resolutions be Washington, D. C. Capitol, House Disbursing Office, Wash transmitted to the said court as a respect MY DEAR MR. SPEAKER: Pursuant to Public ington, D. C.: !ul answer to the subpena aforementioned. Law 301 of the 78th Congress, I have ap You are hereby commanded to appear in pointed the following members of the Com (this court) to give testimony in the above The SPEAKER. The question is on mittee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries to entitled cause on the 8th day of February the resolution. serve as members of the Board of Visitors to 1955 at 1:30 o'clock p. m. (and bring with The resolution was agreed to, and a the United States Merchant Marine Academy you) the records concerning the salary of motion to reconsider was laid on the for the year 1955: Hon. FRANK W. BOYKIN, the plaintiff, Bettie M. Bacon, during the Hon. EDWARD J. ROBESON, JR., Hon. WILLIAM months of April and May of 1953 and do table. K. VAN PELT. not depart without leave. As chairman of the Committee on Mer HARRY M. HULL, Clerk. REPORT FROM THE COMMITTEE ON chant Marine and Fisheries, I am authorized By WM. A. YATES, RULES to serve as an ex officio member of the Board. Deputy Clerk. Sincerely, ·Date: February 4, 1955. Mr. SMITH of Virginia. . Mr. Speaker, HERBERT C. BoNNER, JAMES A. WILLEY, I ask unanimous consent that the Com Chairman. Willey & Crooks, 925 15th Street NW., mittee on Rules may have until midnight Attorney jor Plaintiff, Washington, D. C. tonight to file a report on the Draft Act BOARD OF VISITORS TO UNITED legislation. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I The SPEAKER. Is there objection to STATES 'COAST GUARD ACADEMY offer a resolution (H. Res. 132) and ask the request of the gentleman from Vir The SPEAKER laid before the House for its immediate consideration. ginia? the following communication: The Clerk read as follows: There was no objection. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Whereas in the case of Bettie M. Bacon Washington, D. C., Fegruary 4, 1955. • v. The United States (No. 2384-53, civil The SPEAKER, docket) pending in the District Court of the SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED The House of Representatives, . United States for the District of Columbia, Mr. FORRESTER asked and was given Washington, D. C. a subpena duces tecum was issued by the MY DEAR MR. SPEAKER: Pursuant to section said court and addressed to Harry M. Liv permission to address the House for 20 194 of title 14 of the United States Code, I ingston, disbursing clerk of the House of minutes on tomorrow, following the leg have appointed the following members of the Representatives, directing him to appear as islative business of the day and any spe Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries ~ witness before the said court on the 8th cial orders heretofore entered. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.- HOUSE February 'l. COMMITTEE ON THE ECONOMICS OF. The Milwaukee Association of Commerce But there is something far greater at ATOMIC DEFENSE ~, has strongly protested the President's stake than the commerce,· the comfm;t, action of. February 1, pointing out the and the convenience of the people of my Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, I ask blow that this strikes at hundreds of city and the other cities served: That unanimous consent to address the House Milwaukee tourists and businessmen. In something is the ·stern requirement of for 1 minute and to revise and extend my a telegram addressed to me, the associa~ the Civil Aeronautics Act that, wherever remarks. tion states: taxpayers' dollars are not going to be The SPEAKER. Is there objection to The growing volume of Milwaukee and wasted thereby, competition is to be en the request of the gentleman from Wisconsin business with Hawaii, Alaska, and couraged and monopoly frustrated in our Missouri? the Orient would be seriously affected unless air transportation. Section 2 of the act There was no objection. . the President's order for the termination of sets forth the considerations which shall Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, today, I the inner great circle route from Milwau govern the certification of airline routes have reintroduced my concurrent reso· kee to Alaska and the Seattle-Hawaii route in foreign and domestic commerce: lution providing for a Joint Committee of Northwest Airlines is completely re on the Economics of Atomic Defense. scinded. (a) The encouragement and development - These air routes are vital to national de of an air-transportation system properly In the 83d Congress this was House Con·. fense and basic to Milwaukee's $6 billion adapted to the present and future needs of current Resolution 229. volume of manufacturing and trade as well the foreign and domestic commerce of the The achievement of a durable peace as our growing volume of foreign trade with United States, of the postal service, and of must be our first order of business. the Orient. the national defense; . Peace is possible and it is our duty to We respectfully request that you do all in (b) The regulation of air transportation the future to do everything we can to your power to have the President not only in such manner as to recognize and preserve achieve it. Selective industrial and ~odify his previous order as reported in the the inherent advantages of, insure the high urban dispersal might make the differ Sunday press, but to completely rescind this est degree of safety in, and foster sound order and issue permanent certificates for economic <::onditiqns i:r;1, s_uch transportation, ence between atomic war and peace. In both of these routes based on past perform and to improve the relations between, and the event of atomic war dispersal might ance and in the public interest as recom 900rdinate transportatiqn by, air carriers; . make the difference between defeat and mended by the CAB. (c) The promotion of ·adequate, econom victory. Gov. Walter Kohler, Jr., has tele· ical, and efficient service by air carriers at Terrifying as are the threat of ther. reasonable charges, without unjust discrimi~ monuclear warfare and the dreadful im· graphed his protest to the President, and, nations, undue preferences or advantages, or plications of radioactive fallout, we must a resolution has been introduced in the unfair or destructive competitive practices; steel ourselves to face the facts and_ Wisconsin Assembly likewise pro-testing (d) Competition to the extent neces8ary the Presidential order. In addition, I to assure the sound development of an air prepare our defenses. There seems lit· transportation system properly adapted to tle doubt that space is still the best de·. have received many protests from men and women in all walks of life, of which the needs of the foreign· and domestic com fense against H-bomb attack. the following telegram is typical: merce of the United States, of the postal The committee I suggest would study service, and of -the national defense; the feasibility of and ways of achieving . President's decision to close Hawaii routes (e) The regulation of air commerce in industrial and urban dispersion. My of Northwest Airlines believed detrimental such manner as to best promote its develop to Wisconsin and national interests, also ment and safety; and resolution has received support from top· NW A-Twin Cities-Edmonton Alaska route. flight scientists and civil defense o:flicials · (f) The encouragement and development ~orthwest only major international airline of civil aeronautics. and is favored by the Federation of servicing State. Wisconsin's first airline is. American Scientists and the American· Northwest. Wisconsin helped Northwest The emphasis on competition set forth Municipal Association. grow to a major American-flag carrier. in criterion (d) should be particularly Only if we can absorb an all-out enemy Nqrthwest vital to Wisconsin's transporta noted. tion needs. Why should Northwest be de surprise attack can we be sure that we nied these routes they pioneered? Why . Since before · 1948, Pan American will have the ability to retaliate against should Wisconsin be. denied direct service World Airways and United Airlines have an aggressor. There are many things to market areas where Wisconsin does busi operated to Hawaii from Los Angeles we must do if our defenses are to be ade· J;less? Northwest has offered to operate to and San Francisco and, since 1948, Pan quate-dispersal is one of them. Hawaii subsidy free. This should be good American and Northwest have operated reason to request the President to recon-. . to Hawai~ from Seattle-" Portland. Hear:. sider his order to the CAB. Will Wiscon.siri ings in the West Coast-Hawaii case be~ AIR SERVICE BETWEEN SEATTLE, residents have to go to Chicago for this air service, or will they continue to have it ·at fore the Civil Aeronautics Board and its WASH., AND HQNOLULU home? I am an employee of Northwest and . examiner have been conducted at great Mr. REUSS. Mr. ·speaker, I ask lifelong resident of Wisconsin. Wisconsin length this past year, with volumes and unanimous consent to address the House· needs Northwest for the same reason as the volumes of exhaustive testimony. After for 1 minute and to revise and extend my St,. Lawrence Seaway. It is our air outlet to due deliberation, the Civil Areonautics the East, the West, and the Pacific. It is Board has voted that the national inter· remarks. - increasingly important to Wisconsin business The SPEAKER. Is there objection to interests. Request your sincere efforts to est would be best served if all three air· the request of the gentleman from have decision reconsidered. Time is of the lin~s continued to operate on the Hawaii Wisconsin? essence. route, with the Seattle-Portland-Hawaii There was no objection. JOHN H. MAY. run of Pan American to be canceled; Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, the Presi· MILWAUKEE, WIS •. Northwest left on that run, and Pan dent on February 1 issued instructions' When I heard of the President's order, American and United left 'on the Hawaii to the Civil Aeronautics Board overrul· I c·ould hardly believe it. I have tried to run originating in Los Angeles-S;;, n ing the Board in the West Coast-Hawaii determine if one shred of justification Francisco. case, Docket No. 5589, thus killing the for the order exists. If there is one, I , The Civil Aeronautics .Board's deci flight of Northwest Airlines on the route have yet to find it. I believe the Presi· s~on is reported to be unanimous-with·· New York-Milwaukee-Twin Cities-Seat~ dent's instructions are not only unfair out dissent from any of the three Repub· tie-Portland-Hawaii, and vesting an ef to large· numbers of our people in Mil licans and two Democrats who are its fective monopoly over the Seattle-Port· waukee, the Twin -Cities, Seattle, Port· members. . The Board's decision has not land-Hawaii flight in Pan-American land, and eleswhere, but that they en yet been made public, but from the over World Airways. courage monopoly and fly in the face of whelming. public testimony before the No reason is assigned by the Prel;)ident the policy set up by this Congress for the Board at the hearing, the following for his action beyond the statement: "I governing of our air transportation pieces of ·undisputed e·vidence indicate do not approve." system. that the decision to leave Northwest en I was in Milwaukee over the weekend · Since Northwest Airlines' service to the Hawaii run is the only proper deci· when I first heard of the President's in-. Hawaii was · started in 1948, thousands sion: . structions. It is an understatement tn of people from Milwaukee-and elsewhere ~ First~ From the start .of the Seattleoo~ say that Milwaukee was shocked by the have benefited by its use. Their inter.. Portland-Hawaii service in 1948 to the President's decision to cut it off from its ests should not be wiped out by an un commencement of the hearings, North one direct access to world air service. explained st~oke of the President's pen. west has carried a majority of the pas- 1955 CONGR£SSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1217 . senger traffic on that run, and would · The only basis I can see for giving a The SPEAKER. Is there objection to hence seem to be making a go of it. subsidized Seattle-Portland-Hawaii and the request of the gentleman from · Second. Northwest offers a direct a Rangoon-Tokyo monopoly to Pan · Pennsylvania? flight from New York-Milwaukee-Twin · American instead of having the routes There was no objection. Cities-Seattle-Portland-Hawaii, whereas - covered by the unsubsidized TWA and Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, it could be Pan American operates solely on the . Northwest Airlines, is to make Pan that my remarks in this historic forum Seattle-Portland-Hawaii end of the run. American, already our biggest airline today will not be world shattering but Third. Most important, Northwest monopoly, .a bigger one. in the midst of the storm and stress of Airlines at the hearings voluntarily un- · In his economic report of January 20, world events I bring you a heartwarming dertook to operate the Hawaii run with· . the President bravely proclaimed: and typical American story. I have be out subsidy ·and hence without cost to · ·Government should persist in its efforts to fore me a newspaper story from the the taxpayers. Their counsel, Mr. Ed- . maintain easy entry into trade and industry, Washington Post and Times Herald to ward Leasure, on May 28, 1954, stated to to check monopoly, and to preserve a com- the effect that little Wilkes College in the Board: petitive environment. Wilkes-Barre, Pa., my hometown, de Northwest can and will operate on a com- The President's action of February 1 feated the great Princeton University in · pens~tory rate without subsidy, and we make is an odd way to start on this bold and the recent intercollegiate debates held in that offer. (Record, p. 127, docket 5589.) dynamic antimonopoly program. Baltimore, Md., this past week. Twenty four of the Nation's best colleges and Pan American, as is well known, gets In his budget message of January 17, the lion's share of all the subsidies we the President promised that: universities took part in the contest, and pay to our United states airlines operat- This administration will continue to exer it is a high honor for the victor, Wilkes ing internationally. Its subsidy for last cise the utmost care in the manner in which College. it uses the taxpayers' money. It will con But the thing that will warm your year alone is in excess of $15 million. · tinue to purchase what we must have for our hearts today is the fact that the out Pan American made no such offer of security, well-being, and prosperity with the standing debater, also the individual foregoing a subsidy, and under the Pres- ' fewest possible number of dollars. And it scholar who took part, was J. Harold ident's order, will continue to be eligible will continue to administer the huge Gov Flannery, Jr. Most of you I am sure will . for one on the Seattle-Portland-Hawaii ernment organization more efficiently. recall with friendly pleasure this bril route. · The explanation of why we should liant young man's father, my distin Fourth. Continuing Northwest as a waste taxpayers' dollars on subsidizing guished predecessor in this House of · certified carrier on the Hawaii route will Pan American, when we can get the some 12 years ago, the then Congress mean that Pan American will have some same service without subsidy, I leave to man J. Harold Flannery. A great competition on the northern leg of the Alice in wonderland. · speaker, a keen debater, a great racon Hawaii route. Competition may not be Tuesday, February 1, the date of the teur par excellence, a true public serv good for Pan American, but it is as- President's order, will go down in history ant, an excellent representative of his suredly good for the public. as Giveaway Day. we have heard a district, Mr. Flannery is now the Honor I submit that the Civil Aeronautics good deal about giveaways of timber able J. Harold Flannery, judge of the Board's decision is a good one; that it lands and rubber plants. This is the court of common pleas of Luzerne carries out the intention of this Con- first attempt, so far as I know, to give County, Pa., and reelected recently with gress; that, indeed, it is the only conceiv- away large segments of the world to one out opposition to a second 10-year term. able decision under the facts. ·airline operator, and to charge the tax- Truly the son is a chip off the old block, This same Presidential order of Febru- . payers for . the privilege of giving it. a handsome and able son of his distin ary 1 upheld a ruling of the Civil Aero- February 1 will go down in history as guished father and the beautiful and nautics Board-a closely-split decision, I the day that. put the world in Pan gracious Ann, wife and mother. am informed-that Trans World Air- American world Airways. Mr. Speaker, may I assure you and lines not.be granted a certificate to fly, in Now, what is this all about? I hope the House that back home we love the _ competition with Pan American which that the President will make haste to whole darn family. fles it now, the route Rangoon-Bangkok- rescind, wipe out, repudiate, and declare Because of its interest I include at this Hong Kong-Formosa-Tokyo. Granting null and void his order of February 1. point the newspaper story about the son · Trans World Airlines this right would No modification will do. But, more than of our former colleague: have enabled it to join ·with Northwest that, the American .public deserves Airlines at Tokyo, and thus complete a prompt answers to the following ques WILKES Is VICTOR IN DEBATE ON RECOGNIZING round-the-world service. Pan Ameri-· tions: RED CHINA can-again, our most heavily subsidized First. When did the Civil Aeronautics BALTIMORE, February 5.-Little Wilkes Col lege, of Wilkes-Barre, Pa., defeated Prince- · interhational airline--now enjoys a mo- · Board's decision reach the White House, ton University in the finals tonight to win nopoly ~m round-the-world service. and how long did the White House de a 24-team college debate on whether the Trans World Airlines has operated for liberate before issuing its February 1 United States should recognize Red China. more than a year without subsidy, and order to give Pan· American World Air Wilkes favored recognition in the final expects to perform the Rangoon-Tokyo ways the monopoly? round, but the Communist China regime lost leg without subsidy. Pan American. Second. Did the admiriistration con nut in the overall competition, taking but 28 again, receives a multimillion dollar sub- fine its review to the voluminous record of the 60 debates over the 2-day tournament. sidy, and shows no signs of wanting to made before the CAB, or did it listen to Runners-up were Fordham, Temple, and stop receiving it. hearsay or to unsworn witnesses? Howard University. George Washington I have studied the February 1 Presi- Third. What officials of Pan American was 9th, Georgetown 15th, and Catholic U. last dential order closely, trying to determine World Airways visited the White House, The marathon debate, which started yes what thread of philosophical unity, if or any Cabinet officer, during the period terday and ran more than 130 hours before any, runs through it, since here it affirms, · during which west CoashHawaii Dock tonight's finals, was sponsored by the debat there reverses what the Civil Aeronautics · et No. 5589-was under adjudication, and ing council of Johns Hopkins University. Board has done. The one philosophical · what did they have to say? Each of the 24 teams-Loyola of Baltimore unity possessed by the Presidential order · Fourth. What opportunities did om entered 2-had to debate both sides of the seems to· be a granting to a heavily sub- ciais of the Civil Aeronautics Board have question-"Resolved: That the United States sidized Pan American of a monopoly, to present their views to the President should extend diplomatic recognition to the whether it be on the Seattle-Portland· in person before those views were re Communist Government of China.'' Hawaii run, or the Rangoon-Tokyo run- pudiated by him? James Neveras and J. Harold Flannery, and this monopoly despite the fact that· both seniors, made up the winning Wilkes Barre team which successfully argued that in each case a competing airline is able J._HAROLD FLANNERY the United States should recognize Red to make the run without subsidy. I had China. always thought that monopoly was Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, I ask Flannery also won a special award as the something our Government t:r;ied to pre unanimous consent to address the House. top debater of the tournament. Runner-up vent, not something- it paid people for for 1 minute, to revise and extend my re for individual honors was Regional Station, achieving. marks and include .a newspaper article. of St. Peters College, Jersey City. · CI--· 77 1218 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 7 The question debated had been a hot topic the Government has established four I am going·to tell you how this came about. from the first in college debating ranks, par such depots in the West, to each of Everything that I say here, every single word, ticularly for the Naval Academy and West which is assigned a quota of 6 million is· a matter of published record. My sources Point. Both service academies were forbid have been the writings of three former Sec den to debate the question by officials who long-ton units of low-grade manganese, retaries of State, Cordell Hull, Edward Stet ruled it was not a suitable subject for de a quota which could easily be filled by tinius, and James Byrnes, as well as our for bate by service personnel. the Southeastern States in only 3 years. mer Ambassador to Poland, Arthur Bliss Lane, Such rank discrimination is both un the ex-Polish Ambassador to this country, explainable aud unpardonable. Jan Ciechanowski, the former Polish Prime RURAL MAIL DELIVERY SERVICE H. R. 3126 would empower the Ad Minister Stanislaw Mikolajczyk and certain other authorities such as Mr. Robert Sher Mr. BETTS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan ministrator of General Services to select the depot site in the southern Appala wood and Professor Konovalov. imous consent to address the House for 1 The late President Roosevelt always took minute and to revise and extend my re chian areas. Based on a recent survey a special interest in Poland and Polish af marks. report, GSA would be compelled to fairs, partially due to the large number of · The SPEAKER. Is there objection to recommend a site in -southwestern Vir Americans of Polish descent in this coun the request of the gentleman from Ohio? ginia. I am prepared at .the proper time try who supported the Democratic ticket. to present evidence to show that, from But, even before we entered the war, this There was no objection. interest in Polish affairs was conditioned by Mr. BETTS. Mr. Speaker, I have to the standpoint of qualitative and quanti tative deposits, transportation, benefi the fear that Russian resistance to Hitler day introduced legislation which would might be broken by the overwhelming Ger extend rural mail delivery service to per ciation facilities, and location of major man power. Mr. Averell Harriman, who was sons residing on or near improved roads. consumers, the best possible site is in the first of Roosevelt's special emissaries to In representing a semirural district in the neighborhood of Lynchburg, Va. Stalin-in September 1941-was convinced Congress, one of my major concerns is In view of the present international that Stalin's confidence had to be won by tension, it becomes increasingly imper promising him the fullest material and the lack of adequate mail service to rural moral support. Mr. Harriman went to Rus constituents. I would· appreciate the ative that America takes steps to reduce her helpless reliance upon foreign sia in 1941 to encourage the Soviets to hold support of my colleagues who reside in out and all other matters were secondary to districts having similar problems. sources for her manganese supply, an this purpose. I recognize the fact that the adop essential component of the steelmaking There could be no strings attached to the tion of this measure may incur addi process. The establishment of this de support of the Soviet war effort. Neither Mr. tional costs, but certainly rural citizens pot will not only enable us to utilize Harriman, nor Mr. Harry Hopkins, who fol are entitled to adequate mail service if known deposits of manganese but will lowed him later, believed that Stalin was a encourage additional exploration which revolutionary communist, bent on world they are expected to bear their equitable domination, but rather a Russian nationalist share of the tax burden. At the same will open up presently unknown de posits. The relatively small cost en leader, primarily interested in building up time I wish to commend the Post Office the Soviet Union before turning his atten Department for its continuing efforts to tailed will be the cheapest possible na tions elsewhere. extend this service within existing legal tional security insurance premium. Ac The fear that the Soviet Union might give and budgetary limitations. cordingly, I most respectfully urge the way to the Germans, or, worse yet, might Committee on Interior and Insular Af conclude a separate peace with Hitler, thus fairs to hold early and exhaustive hear recreating the 1939 Nazi-Communist alliance, ings on H. R. 3126. initiated a policy of Soviet appeasement ESTABLISHMENT OF A PURCHASE which was propagandized into its adoption AND STOCKPILE DEPOT FOR LOW · by Great Britain and especially by Mr. Wins ton Churchill. I am a great admirer of Mr. GRADE ¥ANGANESE ORES FOR THE SELLOUT OF POLAND THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN Churchill but there is no question that, Mr. OLIVER P. BOLTON. Mr. Speak throughout the war, he insisted upon un AREAS er, I ask unanimous consent that the conditional support of Russia and the avoid Mr. POF'F'. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani ance of any questions of principle. It was gentleman from Michigan [Mr. BENTLEY] in these early days also that pro-Communist mous consent to address the House for 1 may extend his remarks at this point in A,merican literary circles began to speak of minute and to revise and extend my re the RECORD and to include the text of a the Soviet Union's ethnographic right to east marks. speech he made in Detroit in 1950 en ern Poland as well as the Baltic Republics The SPEAKER. Is there objection to titled "The Sellout of Poland.'' which had already been incorporated into the request of the gentleman from The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the U.S.S.R. Virginia? the request of the gentleman from Ohio? In early 1942 Mr. Adolf ·Berle, at that time There was no objection. There was no objection. Assistant Secretary of State, made the state Mr. POFF. Mr. Speaker, without Mr. BENTLEY. Mr. Speaker, under ment that, because the Soviet Union would putting the Public Printer to the un emerge from the war as one of the world's leave to extend my remarks at this point greatest powers, its special demands had to necessary expense of printing an identi in the RECORD, I wish to include the text be granted. He said, and I quote, "It is dif cal bill, I wish to take this means of affix of a speech entitled "The Sellout of ficult to conceive that the unlimited sov ing my name as a cosponsor of H. R. Poland" which I made in Detroit in 1950 ereignty of the smaller states in the prewar 3126 introduced on January 26, 1955, by and which I think appropriate to repeat sense of the word can stand in the way of the gentleman from Arkansas [Mr. at this time as we call attention to the the natural and inevitable political and eco MILLS]. nomic expansion of a great powed." fact that February 7 marks the lOth an This, if you please, wal) less than 1 year after Among other things, this bill would niversary of the infamous wartime President Roosevelt had signed the terms of authorize and direct the establishment meeting at Yalta. The agreements the Atlantic Charter. As a matter of fact, of a purchase and stockpile depot for reached at Yalta indeed marked a sellout when General Sikorski, prime minister of the low-grade manganese ores for the south of the Polish people as well as those of Polish Government-in-exile, visited the ern Appalachian areas. In spite of the many other countries who have since United States, I think it was about June fact that Virginia has been through the been enslaved by international coin-• 1942, President Roosevelt said to him, and years the second largest domestic pro munism: I quote again, "The United States is de ducer of high-grade manganese and even termined not to depart from its declared THE SELLOUT OF POLAND position of not admitting the settlement of though there have been many surveys, (Address of Hon. ALVIN M. BENTLEY, of a.ny territorial issues in time of war. I want both private and governmental, which Michigan) you to understand that the American Gov demonstrate the plentiful supply of low I would like to talk to you today about ernment has not forgotten the Atlantic grade ores throughout the Appala·chian the tragic betrayal and sellout of a coun Charter." region, and although America is now try which was the first participant in World This principle was confirmed by a decla· dependent on foreign sources for more War II against Hitler Germany, a country ration prepared for the President by Mr. than 90 percent of her manganese sup which fought for the right to freedom longer Sumner Welles, then Under Secretary of ply, and despite the fact that practically than any other of the United Nations, a State. This declaration stated categorically all industrial manganese consumers are country which, above all others, should be that the United States Government would expected to reap the rewards of victory. enter into no secret treaties on the solution located in the eastern half of the United That country, Poland. And today the people of any postwar problems- during the course States, not a single low-grade purchase of that country are enslaved more thorough• of the war. lt added that the solution of depot has been established east of the ly than they ever were under Nazi domina all frontier matters and territo:~:ial issues Mississippi River. On the other hand, tion. would have to await the end of the war. 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1219
Even at that early date, however, there can assistance. Thls assistance was not You are all generally familiar with the were powerful elements within our Govern forthcoming. It never was forthcoming. Teheran Conference where the doctrine ef ment which were working to direct the I have already mentioned the American balance of power was supreme and which course of American policy to one of com Slav Congress which was infiltrating com caused the United States and Great Britain premise with the fundamental principles of munism among the American working to agree to the division of Europe into the United Nations. The Soviets were being masses. It was at this time that considerable spheres of influence. I can tell you that at oversold. to the American people by a group loads of the Communist Polish language pa this time Mr. Dean Acheson, then Assistant led by Vice President Henry A. Wallace and per, Free Poland, which was published in Secretary of State, was a steadfast supporter the political elements of the CIO. The New Moscow, were being brought into this coun of Soviet demands in four-power conferences Deal politicians close to the White House try by ships returning from Russia, ships being held in the United States on a lower were openly criticizing our Government for which had been delivering lend-lease sup political level. It was also at this time that its "inadequate" aid to the Soviets, especially plies to the Soviets. That is what you call Tony Biddle, our Ambassador to the Polish the failure to open a second front. The lend-lease in reverse. This paper was being Government-in-exile, asked to be relieved of Office of War Information under Mr. Elmer circulated extensively among Americans of his post because President Roosevelt had Davis was heaping unqualified praise of Polish descent in Detroit, Chicago, and other failed at Teheran to defend the legitimate Soviet Russia upon the minds of American large cities. And yet it was at this time, in interests of Poland and the sovereignty and public opinion. With regard to Poland, the the spring and summer of 1943, that Stalin territorial integrity of that country. Actu OWl was. even issuing maps which showed a was being praised for his dissolution of the ally, however, at Teheran, it was Winston final incorporation into Russia of the Polish Comintern, which was supposed to mean an Churchill who was foremost in compromising territories given by Hitler to the Soviets in end to. Moscow's direction of international with Stalin concerning the fate of Poland. 1939 and 1940. Communist activities. Just the same, it was Roosevelt who declared The influential men around the White Now I would like briefly to say something that he believed that Stalin was a realist, House in those days had adopted a blind about one of the leading proponents of but not an imperialist and not a Communist. pro-Soviet psychosis which tended to regard Soviet-American friendship. This is Mr. As the election year of 1944 opened up, it Soviet democracy as a first cousin of Ameri Joseph E. Davies, whose book, Mission to became increasingly important for the ad can principles and to adopt the American Moscow, many of you may have read. Mr. ministration to make every attempt to se way of life for his country. They also be Davies, incidentally, is the father-in-law of cure the votes of the 6 million Americans of lieved that the war was being won primarily ex-Senator Millard Tydings, of Maryland, Polish descent. These votes were centered by Russia and that the Soviets were there who headed the committee to investigate in key States such as New York, Illinois, fore entitled to privileged treatment and to communism in the State Department. Let Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Michigan. In have their demands unconditionally granted. me read you some quotations from this book: May of 1944 almost all of these voters had By the end of 1942 our official policy was "I am not sure but what the democracies been organized into a body termed the Pol to avoid discussion of any issues which might of the world might not be damn glad some ish-American Congress, under the leadership create Soviet-American friction or which day to have the friendship and the power of Charles Rozmarek, chairman of the Polish might displease Stalin. We were determined and the devotion to peace which the Soviet National Alliance. On October 11 a large to allow and even to encourage pro-Soviet Government could supply in case of another delegation from the Congress was received propaganda, we were determined to ignore world crisis" (p. 321). "It would not be by Mr. Roosevelt at the White House, a re Communist infiltration and we were even within the realm of porsibility after this war ception which was extremely well publicized. determined to encourage such un-American or for many years thereafter for the Soviets Arthur Bliss Lane had already been ap organizations as the American Slav Congress. to project communism in the United States pointed to succeed Tony Biddle as Ambassa Our propaganda broadcasts abroad, which or even in Burope" (p. 496). "It is bad dor to Poland as a proof of the administra were conducted by foreign Communists and Christianity, bad sportsmanship, bad sense tion's continued interest in Polish affairs. fellow travelers, the pro-Soviet propagandists to challenge the integrity of the SOviet Gov Things were still not too satisfactory, how of the OWI, was directed straight from the ernment. • • • The Soviet Government has ever, so on October 28, when Mr. Roosevelt's White House. In other words, the people a record of keeping its treaty obligations campaign train passed through Chicago, he of occupied Europe were getting the same equal to that of any nation on the earth" met again with Mr. Rozmarek, chairman of line of Soviet propaganda from Washington (p. 550). And more of the same. Men such the Polish-American Congress, and promised as they were getting from Moscow. Our ap as this, men such as Corliss Lamont, were him, and I quote, that he would "take active peasement of Soviet Russia was leading to engaged in overselling Russia to the Ameri steps to insure the restoration of Poland's compromises on the principles of the Atla.ntic can people. Anyone who dared to criticize full independence." This assurance influ Charter and the declaration of the United Russia was suspected of Fascist leanings. enced Mr. Rozmarek to deliver an over Nations. The fellow travelers were coming into our whelming Polish-American vote for Roose I have had to give you this background official and political· circles and were even velt on election day. in order that yoq may understand some of ready to attack the Bill of Rights if it dif I merely want to remind you of one thing the reasoning behind our policy so far as fered with Soviet ideology. This same Mr. at this point. I want to remind you that, Poland was concerned. Our pro-Soviet ap Davies, incidentally, was assigned by Presi at Teheran, in 1943, over a year before Mr. peasement relating to Poland was first in dent Roosevelt to entice Stalin to the meet Roosevelt had expressed his complete agree dicated early in 1943 when Sumner Welles, ing at Teheran. A favorable atmosphere of ment with the Curzon line as the Polish the Under Secretary of State, unofficia1ly in Soviet-American good will had to be arti Soviet frontier, an agreement which turned quired whether the Polish Government-in ficially created for this meeting to take place. Eastern Poland over to the Soviet Union. exile was prepared to make any territorial Even at this time, however, President I also want to remind you that at Teheran concessions to Soviet demands.· It was at Mr. Roosevelt had requested that this agree this time that President Roosevelt began Roosevelt was becoming conscious of Ameri ment not be made public. The White House preparing the way for his first meeting with can political reaction with the 1944 presi palace guard, the radical New Dealers, and Stalin at Teheran. Roosevelt was persuaded dential elections in view. Harry Hopkins, for example, said, and I quote, "Perhaps the CIO leftists organized into the. PAC, as by Harry Hopkins not to repeat his earlier well as certain elements of big business, declaration of nonrecognition of territorial President Roosevelt has oversold Russia to were bending every effort toward the reelec changes since Stalin might regard such a the American people. But now that we are tion of Mr. Roosevelt and no possible stake statement as an unfriendly act. American getting busy preparing his reelection, how in world affairs could be allowed to inter pUblic opinion was not to be allowed to can one expect him suddenly to get up and fere with that goal. ·The Atlantic Charter speak its mind with respect to Stalh:i's im express doubt that Soviet-American friend and the four freedoms were things of the perialist designs on Poland. The Soviets ship and collaboration is possible?" And 1 past. Power politics had become the domi were not to be told that American democracy would like to say right here that our pro nant note in international relations. Soviet propaganda at this time was getting was not ready to sacrifice its · principles to a tremendous boost right in Wall Street with The Yalta Conference of February 194o5 one totalitarian imperalism while fighting witnessed the final abandonment by the another. President Roosevelt ordered that such persons as Joseph E. Davies, Thomas United States of the principles of democracy, the whole Polish affair be kept a strict secret. and Corliss Lamont, and Marshall Field sell of the Atlantic Charter, of the four free This theory of using great caution in deal ing it to the skies. The leading American doms, and of the rights of smaller nations. ing with the Soviets, of not using any force labor unions, however, were definitely anti President Roosevelt had already said that the ful language in dealing with Stalin, was Communist and realized the dangers of So big powers should decide what Poland should chiefly propounded by Mr. Walter Lippmann viet totalitarianism. have and that he didn't intend to go to the in his newspaper columns. The tendency A story that was going around Washing peace conference and bargain with Poland was also noticeable in American official ton at this time about Mr. Davies was that or any other small state. Harry Hopkins had circles to pass the buck to the British, so President Roosevelt had offered him the posi• declared that Great Britain and the United far as Poland was concerned. The British, tion of Ambassador to Russia but that Davies States should decide what was to be done naturally enough, passed it right back to us. had turned it down on the grounds that he about Poland and then tell the Poles rather Poland was deserted by both countries and couldn't eat Russian food. The President than ask them. He added that the only de left to become the first victim of Soviet im asked him why he had praised Russian food sire of the people of the United States was perialism. The Polish Government was told so much in his book and Davies replied that to see a Poland that was friendly to the to remain silent, to make no appeal to pub propaganda had made it necessary for him Soviet Union. The Teheran agreement had lic opinion, as a condition f_or Ang~o-Ameri- to do so. given 70,000 square miles of Polish territory 1220 CONGRESSI0NAL RECORD - ; ·noUSE to the Soviet Uni'on without consulting· the for the purposes· of· the Communists them declaratiori of the ·United Nations, we sup :Bolish people or the Polish Government. The selves. ·posedly took the lead· in consecrating our Yalta agreement confirmed this surrender to In spite of the assistance rendered by the selves to make the world a better and a the Soviet Union and moreover it permitted United States Government in the establish finer place in which to live, and for a mess the Russians to determine the composition ment of a Communist regime in Poland, of political pottage our leaders sold this of the so-called Polish Provisional Govern American citizens living in Poland suffered birthright while it was still newborn. In the ment of National Unity which had been set severely. According to Arthur Bliss Lane, name of human decency, in the name of up in Moscow under Soviet auspices. The our former Ambassador to Poland, over a moral integrity, in the very name of Christi well-known State Department expert on Rus hundred persons claiming United States citi anity itself, the people of this country should sian affairs, Charles Bohlen, was .prominent zenship were in Polish jails by the time Mr. d.enounce the actions of our Government in in solving this Polish question at Yalta. May Lane left Poland at the end of 1946. In those evil days and should denounce any and I remind you that Alger Hiss was also there? almost all cases these persons were alleged all associations of this character that still Mr. Edward Stettinius had been appointed to be members of the Polish underground persist with us today; otherwise it may well Secretary of State in time to go to Yalta. which had been formed during the war to be our lot some day to look for a helping hand This was the same Mr. Stettinius who at the fight Nazi occupation. American Embassy and instead to receive the kiss of Judas. San Francisco Conference declared that we officials were helpless to intervene in these must not sacrifice unity, big-power unity, cases or even to visit the prisoners. One for the sake of idealism. This was the same American citizen, Stanislaw Tupaz, was even SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED Mr. Stettinius who said: "It was not a ques condemned to death and executed without Mrs. ST. GEORGE asked and was tion of what Great Britain and the United being able to obtain assistance from our States would permit Russia to do in Poland, Embassy. given permission to address the House but what we could persuade Russia to accept. And yet, during all this time, the Voice for 10 minutes on tomorrow, following We were in no position at Yalta to change of America, our official medium. of propa any special orders heretofore entered. the Russian attitude on the eastern boundary ganda, persisted in telling the suffering, of Poland." oppressed people of Poland all about the Perhaps the attitude of some of our for blessings of democracy in the United States. THE HONORABLE ISAAC BACHARACH eign-policy thinkers in those days can best It did not need to tell the Polish people that they, too, would have enjoyed our de Mr. HAND. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani be expressed by quoting from a conversation mous consent to address the House for 1 between the Polish Ambassador Jan Ciecha mocracy if the United States Government nowski and Mr. Elbridge Durbrow, one of the had not sold them down the river at Teheran minute and to revise and extend my re leading exper-ts in Eastern European and and at Yalta. marks. Russian affairs in the State Department and And, finally, as if enough damage had not The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the Foreign Service. Mr. Durbrow is quoted been done already, the Department of State the request of the gentleman from New as telling the Ambassador-and I quote: agreed, on April 24, 1946, to extend to the Jersey? "You appear to have an exaggerated opinion Polish Communist Government 2 credits to There was no objection. of the power of the United States. You are taling $90 million, which would enable this Mr. HAND. Mr. Speaker, it is a pleas wrong. America is not sufficiently powerful Communist government to purchase surplus to impose her will on Soviet Russia." This war property in Europe and to buy locomo ure for me to announce, somewhat be statement was given as the reason whereby tives and coal cars elsewhere. If the Polish latedly, the 85th birthday of former Con Poland, a friendly nation, lost mor-e of its people still had any hope ·that the United gressman Isaac Bacharach on January territory as a result of the war than did States Government would support them in 5, 1955. Mr. Bacharach was my distin Germany, our enemy. their fight against Soviet communism, this guished predecessor in the House and You know how the decisions of the Big must have killed their hopes forever. This served the Second Congressional District Three at Yalta concerning Poland were taken, action was taken by the Department of State over the repeated protests of Ambassador of New Jersey with great distinction tor not only without the participation and au some 22 years. A substantial part of this thorization of the Polish Government but Lane and was a direct cause of his subse also without its knowledge. You know what quent resignation from the Foreign Service. service was spent as a highly influential kind of a government the Big Three handed When Mr. Lane returned to the United member of the Committee on Ways and the Polish people, a government that was States, he again protested this extension of Means. He was a warm and personal supposed to have been reorganized on a credits; he protested to Dean Acheson who friend of the late Nicholas Longworth, a broader democratic basis, but which was was then Acting Secretary of State. Accord highly regarded Speaker of this body, actually dominated by the Communist Poles ing to Mr. Lane, Mr. Acheson was character and enjoyed ·an almost unprecedented of Lublin, even though Harry Hopkins told istically noncommittal. In this connection you will recall that it was Mr. Acheson's friendship and affection from the Mem President Truman that it fulfilled the provi bers here with whom he served, and from sions of Yalta. You know what happened former law firm in New York which had to the free and unfettered elections which negotiated the extension of these credits on the people of his district who were grate Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin pledged behalf of the Polish Communist Government. ful for the fine quality of his service. themselves to carry out in Poland, but which I have attempted to show you how our Mr. Speaker, I recollect that a good turned out to be a farce and a mockery of overweening concern for the friendship of many years ago Time magazine referred democratic electoral procedures. the Soviet Union during the war led to our acquiescing in the complete sellout and be to the then Congressman Bacharach as But the sellout and the betrayal con trayal of Poland and the Polish people who one of the 3 or 4 most influential men tinued even after Yalta. Even though · he first took up arms against Hitler and Nazi in Washington. wasn't a member of the United States dele Germany. I have tried to show you how I have been the beneficiary of his gation, Mr. Joseph E. Davies, the same Mr. President Roosevelt and his closest advisers friendship and his wise counsel during Davies, was seated during the Potsdam Con deliberately concealed the truth of the Polish ference at the conference table during all the years of my service here. situation from the millions of Polish-Ameri It is especially gratifying for me to t.he deliberations. This is the same Mr. can voters for partisan political motives. I report to his friends, ~nd many of our Davies who was successful in arranging for have also tried to show you how the De.part the acceptance of an American Communist ment of State assisted and persisted in the senior Members are his friends and Pole, and American citizen, Prof. Oscar appeasement policy, first of Soviet Russia served with him in this House, that he is Lange, as the first Ambassador from Com and later of the Polish communist Govern vigorous and well, and if he will permit munist Poland to the United States. So long ment· itself. I have not uttered one word me to say so, as handsome as ever. as Mr. Davies' voice was heard in the ranks which has not already appeared in public On the oc~asion of his birthday and of American foreign policy, he deliberately print, but I hope I have been successful in or unconsciously followed the wishes of Sta as an indication of the affection which pulling together some of the tangled threads his hometown has for him, there ap lin. I will not say whether or not he is of this problem and in showing you some still regarded as an expert on the Soviet of the motives which lay behind this aban peared in the Atlantic City Press a full Union. donment of Poland. page picture with the following text: It was also at this time that Senator HER Our foreign policy has had some black Member 'or a pioneer Atlantic City family, BERT H. LEHMAN, then Director-General of pages these past few years. But it has no Isaac Bacharach has served the city, the the United Nations Relief and. Rehabilita blacker page than this total desertion of our State, and the Nation in public office, was for tion Association, appointed a Soviet citizen, Polish ally; this sale of millions of freedom many· years a dominant figure in business Mr. Menshikov, as director of the first loving Poles into Communist slavery. May and financial circles. A grand old man at UNRRA mission to Poland. Mr. Menshikov GOd forgive the men who were responsible 85, he can look back on a useful and purpose promptly negotiated an agreement with the for our country's foreign policy in those ful life. He has the rare distinction of Polish Communist Government which pro days, who connived . and assisted at this having represented this district in Congress vided that this government, and not the groundless act of treachery beside which for 22 consecutive years, from 1914 until1936, UNRRA,- would have complete jurisdiction Munich pales into insignificance. By our and before that had been a member of the over all UNRRA supplies distributed in Po support of the Atlantic Charter and the New Jersey Assembly, following two terms in land. Naturally these supplies were used "four freedoms," by our espousal of the the city council. · 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RnCORD- HOUSE 1221 This text was subscribed by a con· passion for freedom and love of liberty The SPEAKER. Is there objection to siderable number of the leading citizens and respect for human dignity, may in the request of the gentleman from of Atlantic City, including not only the time see the liberation of that country. California? leaders of our two great political parties, There was no objection. but some of the principal businessmen, Mr. SISK. Mr. Speaker, I am today bankers, lawyers, and doctors of the UNIVERSAL MILITARY TRAINING filing a bill which would extend voca community. AND SERVICE ACT tional rehabilitation to all persons dis I am likewise including, with the per abled in line of duty in the armed serv mission of the House, an editorial from Mr. COLMER, from the Committee on ices in war or peacetime. This measure the Vineland Times Journal marking the Rules, reported the following privileged would entitle men and women serving in birthday of one of our most distinguished resolution
\ 1224 'CONGRESSIONAL RECORD·--· ·HOUSE February 7 Were· not the Berlin and Geneva meet . elusions are reached by the Department they ·credit unions would be taxed like -the ings a step in the same·direction we have will be sent to the Congress. earnings of other lending agencies; so always been following? What abo t From this statement I deduce, with that there would no longer be an unfair Indochina and now the Tachen Islands? considerable satisfaction, that we ·shall discrimination between the taxation of Only yesterday it was jubilantly an be· asked to give attention to more than mutual fire and casualty insurance com- nounced that "Chiang bows to United -routine matters of taxation at this ses . panies and the taxation of competing ·States and yields Tachens." This is the sion of the Congress. The President . capital stock insurance companies in actual headline of one of Washington's gives us some notion of what these fur the same fields. · newspapers of yesterday. Why should ther changes may be when he adds, in his That, I understand, is the program of we Americans be so proud and happy budget message, this significant para Citizen Dave Douglas, as presented in because we have again forced one of our graph: this excellent talking picture. That, I loyal allies to yield to the Communists, I have also directed the Secretary of the understand, is the program of the Na- just as we forced the Poles, the Koreans, Treasury promptly to make recommenda . tiona! Tax Equality Association and the Indochinese, and so many others? tions for any other changes in the laws which other groups which sponsor the showing Is there anyone so naive as to believe may be found necessary to· prevent anyone . of this dramatic picture. that this contributes to the security of from avoiding his fair share of the tax bur Mr. Speaker, the tax-dodging op the United States? Does anyone hon den. ponents of the film Citizen Dave Douglas estly believe the Red Communists will I call attention to the President's say it is misleading. I say they are · stop there and not eventually take For words, Mr. Speaker, for two very c1osely wrong. As a member of the Ways and mosa, if not in the immediate future, related reasons: First, because the Means Committee, I have earnestly then at least in the near future? They changes in the tax laws which are studied this matter for years. I have have said they will not stop there, and needed to prevent certain business cor listened to the testimony of scores of they have usually kept their word in such porations and organizations from avoid witnesses. And I tell you that Citizen instances. Is it any wonder that many ing their fair share of the tax burden are Dave-Douglas is an honest presentation of us fear that this is only one more step clearly set forth in H. R. 43, a bill to of the facts in the matter. It should be ·toward the eventual entry of Red China · equalize taxation and provide revenue, seen not only by every taxpayer in the into the United Nations? which I introduced on the opening day of land but -also by every Member of the Mr. Speaker, on this solemn occasion · this session; and, second, because I have . Congress that writes the tax laws. many of us are denouncing the sad mis just seen a motion picture that drama The National Tax Equality Associa .. take made 1Q years ago at Yalta. But tizes this tax avoidance and its burden- tion is to be congratulated forproducing how ·many bf us are willing to forget the - some effect on most of our taxpayers in a this picture and for telling the tax story · political implications of Yalta and re way that I commend to the attention of in an interesting and straightforward solve to actually do something about it? every Member of this House and every . way. It is in keeping, Mr. Speaker, with Enough has been said of Yalta, maybe citizen of the United States. the sincerity of program and the integ · too much. Let us now actually do some It is quite likely, Mr. Speaker, that you rity of purpose that have characterized thing about it. If Yalta was a moral and and other Members of this body :P,ave this organization, its members, its of .. political mistake, let us not continue that heard already of this half-hour .talking . fleers, and its management in all the mistake, at the same time ·denouncing picture, for it is causing a national sen years I have known them. I can only others who made it. Ten years ago there sation. It is called Citizen Dave Doug hope that the association's burdensome may have been some justification in not las. It was produced by the National task may be ended soon by final congres · realizing the complete untrustworthi Tax Equality Association and it is being sional action to impose the income ·tax . ness Qf the Soviet leaders. Today there released by that organization and by the where it belongs-to prevent anyone can be no such excuse. ~he record is public information committee of the from avoiding his fair share of the tax too clear for that. cotton industry. It is being shown in burden. To all those who denounce Yalta, may every State of the Union to luncheon From the beginning·! have said, along I respectfully submit that I have again clubs, chambers of commerce, veterans' with Citizen Dave Douglas, that this is introduced House Joint Resolution 63, organizations, women's clubs, and busi -a fight to tax the untaxed to ease the calling for the repudiation of Yalta. Re .. ne~s groups. It is on television. burden on the overtaxed. I say again, gardless of the unwillingness of the Sec· It has already been seen by millions, with Citizen Dave Douglas, let us tax the retary of State to recommend its pas although frantic efforts are being made · untaxed to ease the taxload upon ·the sage, l~t us insist on it. I appeal to my by building and loan associations, credit overtaxed. colleagues to give living proof of the unions, cooperatives, and certain other many fine declarations made here today mutuals to stop it before it is seen by YALTA ARE and during the rest of this week. Let still more millions of citizens and tax.. : TREAT FOR THE FREE us insist on the passage of a clear and payers. The reason, we can assume, is WORLD · unambiguous declaration in order to that it tells in very simple and under .. · The SPEAKER pro tempore
LEAVE ·oF ABSENCE (5 u. s. c. 275 (e)) i to the Committee on ! -390. A 1ette~ from the Acting Director, Bu Armed Services. reau of the Budget, Executive Office of the By unanimous consent, leave of ab 380. A letter from the president, Board of President, transmitting a draft of proposed sence was granted to: Commissioners, government of the District legislation entitled "A bill to amend section Mr. ALLEN of Illinois, for the period of Columbia, transmitting a draft of pro- 402 of the Federal Employees Uniform Al from February 9 to February 28, 1955, posed legislation entitled "A bill to amend lowance Act, approved September 1, 1954"; inclusive, on account of official business. the act entitled 'An act to authorize the to the Committee on Post Office and Civil District of Columbia government to estab- Service. Mr. JoHNSON of California, for Febru lish an office of civil defense, and for other 391. A letter from the Director, Legislative ary 10 and 11, 1955, to attend the meet purposes'," approved August 11, 1950; to the Programs, Office of the Assistant Secretary of ing of the Board of Visitors of the Committee on the District of Columbia. Defense, transmitting a draft of proposed United States Military Academy at West 381. A letter from the Chairman, District legislation entitled "A bill to enact title 10, Point, N. ~. of Columbia Armory Board, transmitting the 'Armed Forces', and title 32, 'National Guard', seventh annual report of the District of of the United States Code"; to the Committee Columbia Armory Board, pursuant to sec- on the Judiciary. BILL PRESENTED TO THE tion 10, Public Law 605, 80th Congress; to PRESIDENT the Committee on the District of Columbia. 382. A letter from the Secretary, Depart REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUB Mr. BURLESON, from the Committee ment of Health, Education, and Welfare, on House Administration, reported that transmitting a report on a study of programs LIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS that committee did, on February 5, 1955, for homebound handicapped individuals, with recommendations, pursuant to Public Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of present to the President, for his ap Law 565, 83d Congress (H. Doc. No. 98); to committees were delivered to the Clerk proval, a bill of the House of the follow the Committee on Education and Labor and for printing and reference to the proper ing title: ordered to be printed with illustrations. calendar, as follows: H. R. 2010. An act to amend the act of July 383. A letter from the executive director, Mr. COLMER: Committee on Rules. House 10, 1953, which created the Commission on National Capital Housing Authority, trans Resolution 133. Resolution providing for Intergovernmental Relations. mitting the National Capital Housing consideration of H. R. 3005, a bill to further Authority's statement on painting of war amend the Universal Military Training and housing prior to disposition, made in connec Service Act by extending the authority to :ADJOURNMENT tion with the General Accounting Office re induct certain individuals, and to extend port on the audit of the National Capitol Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I move the benefits under the Dependents Assistance Housing Authority for the fiscal year ended Act to July 1, 1959; without amendment that the House do now adjourn. June 30, 1953; to the Committee on Govern (Rept. No. 21). Referred to the House Cal The motion was agreed to; according ment Operations. endar. ly By Mr. SIB:ES: By Mr. WINSTEAD: By Mr. PHILBIN~ H. R. 3704. A bill for the establishment of H. R. 3719. A bill to repeal the provisions H. Con. Res. 67. Concurrent resolution fa the United States Commission on the Aging of the Railroad Retirement Act which reduce voring universal disarmament; to the Com and Aged; to the Committee on Education the annuities of the spouses of retired em mittee on Foreign Affairs. and Labor. ployees, and the survivors of deceased em By Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan: By Mr. SILER: ployees, by the amount of· certain monthly H. Res. 134. Resolution requesting the H. R. 3705. A bill to provide for com benefits payable under the Social Security President of the United States of America pensating local peace officers who seize vehi Act; to the Committee on Interstate and For to request the Administrator of Veterans' cles which are forfeited to the United States; eign Commerce. Affairs to furnish the House of Representa to the Committee on the Judiciary. . By Mr. WOLVERTON: tives certain information concerning Vet H. R. 3706. A bill to authorize the Com H. R. 3720. A bill to improve the. health of erans' Administration expenditures; to the modity Credit Corporation to process food the people by encouraging the extension of Committee on Veterans' Affairs. commodities for donation under certain acts; voluntary prepayment health services plans, H. Res. 135. Resolution to establish a new to the Committee on Agriculture. facilitating the financing of construction of dining room or cafeteria in the House wing H. R. 3707. A bill to amend Veterans Regu needed health facilities, assisting in increas of the Capitol; to the Committee on House lation No. 9 (a) .to provide that the burial ing the number of adequately trained ·nurses Administration. allowance payable thereunder ·shall be in and other health personnel, improving and H. Res. 136. Resolution requesting the Sec creased to $250; to the Committee on Veter expanding programs of mental health and retary of Defense to furnish the House of ans' Affairs. · public health, and for other purposes; to the Representatives certain information as to H. R. 3708. A bill to extend pension bene Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com extent and cost of military installations; to fits under the laws reenacted by Public Law merce. the Committee on Armed Services. 269, 74th Congress, August 13, 1935, as now or By Mr. YOUNG: hereafter amended to certain persons who H . R. 3721. A bill to amend the Flammable MEMORIALS served with the United States military or · Fabrics Act so as to prohibit the introduction naval forces engaged in hostilities in the or movement in interstate commerce of blast Under clause 4 of rule XXII, memo Moro Province, including Mindanao, or in the ing caps unless they are stamped or labeled rials were presented and referred as islands of Samar, Leyte, and Luzon, after so as to indicate that they are dangerous; to follows: July 4, 1902, and prior to January 1, 1914, the Committee on Interstate and Foreign By Mr. BEAMER: Memorial of Indiana and to their unremarried widows, child, or Commerce. State Senate urging some limitation on the children; to the Committee on Veterans' Af By Mr. MORRISON: import of foreign oil; to the Committee on :fairs. H. R. 3722. A bill to assist certain cla~ses Ways and Means. By Mr. SIMPSON of Pennsylvania: of municipalities to finance vitally needed By Mr. HAYS of Arkansas: Memorial of H. R. 3709. A bill to amend section 120 of and specific types of public works by provid the State of Arkansas urging enactment of the Internal Revenue Code of 1939 (relating ing for a guaranty by the United States of legislation : which would require sellers of to the unlimited deduction for cl_laritable and approved bonds hereafter issued by these merchandise shipped in interstate commerce other contributions); to the Committee on municipalities; to the Committee on Ways to comply with sales tax laws of States into yYays and Means. and Means. which such merchandise is shipped for sale, ; . H. R. 3710. A bill relating to the definition By Mr. DINGELL: use, or consumption; to the Committee on of the term "public utility" for purposes of H. J. Res. 195. Joint resolution to prohibit Interstate and Foreign Commerce. computing the deductions for income-tax the importation from the Dominion of Can By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legis \ purposes for dividends paid and received on ada into the United States of fermented malt lature of the State of California, memo ' certain preferred stock of public utilities; to beverages, wines, and distilled spirits manu rializing the President and the Congress of the Committee on Ways and Means. factured in the Dominion of Canada, and the United States relative to the observance I By Mr. SISK: for other purposes; to the Committee on of the centennials of the opening of the f H. R. 3711. A bill to provide vocational Ways and Means. Pacific overland mail; to the Committee on rehabilitation for certain persons who serve By Mr. ROGERS of Texas: the Judiciary. in the active military or naval service of the H. J. Res. 196. Joint resolution · proposing Also, memorial of the Legislature of the United States after January 31, 1955; to the an amendment to the Constitution to pro State of South Carollna, memorializing the Committee on Veterans' Affairs . . vide that a new State may be admitted only President and the Congress of the United By Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin: with the consent of two-thirds of both States to enact legislation limiting the ap H. R. 3712. A bill to extend the period Houses of Congress; to the Committee on the pellate jurisdiction of the United States during which claims for fioor stocks refunds Judiciary. Supreme Court and the jurisdiction of other may be filed with respect to certain manu By Mr. HIESTAND: Federal courts; to the Committee on the factu:rers' excise taxes which were reduced H. J. Res. 197. Joint resolution to provide Judiciary. by the Excise Tax Reduction Act of 1954; to for a more effective control of narcotic drugs, Also, memorial of the Legislature of the the Committee on Ways and Means. and for other purposes; to the Committee State of Utah, memorializing the President By Mr. TRIMBLE: on Ways and Means. and the Congress of the United States urg H. R. 3713. A bill to suspend for 1 year H. J. Res. 198. Joint resolution proposing ing enactment of legislation amending the certain duties upon the importation of alu an amendment to the Constitution of the Sugar Act of 1948 to enable the domestic minum and aluminum alloys; to the Com United States relating to the legal effect of sugar industry to have a fair and equitable mittee on Ways and Means. cert&in treaties and other -international share of sugar consumption in the United By Mr. TUMULTY: agreements; to the Committee on the Judi States; to the Committee on Agriculture. H. R. 3714. A bill to grant to Federal em ciary. ployees the right to have security charges By Mr. WINSTEAD: PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS against them determined by a panel com H. J. Res. 199. Joint resolution to increase posed of experienced judges and attorneys; 1955 cotton allotments of certain farms re Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private to the Committee on the Judiciary. ceiving 5 acres or less; to the Committee on bills and resolutions were introduced By Mr. UDALL: Agriculture. and severally. referred as follows: H. R. 3715. A bill to amend the Outer Con By Mr. REED of Illinois: By Mr. ALGER: tinental Shelf Lands Act in order to provide H. J. Res. 200. Joint resolution proposing H. R. 3723. A bill for the relief of Freda H. that revenues under the provisions of such an amendment to the Constitution of the Sullivan; to the Committee on the Judiciary. act shall be used as grants-in-aid of primary, United States relating to the procedure for By Mr. BOYLE: secondary, and higher education; to the Com amending the Constitution; to the Commit H . ~. 3724. A bill for the relief of Meir mittee on the Judiciary. tee on the Judiciary. Tinowitz; to the Committee on the Judi H. R. 3716. A bill to amend the cotton . By Mr. WALTER: ciary. marketing quota provisions of the Agricul H. J. Res. 201. Joint resolution proposing By Mr. BURDICK: tural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended; .an amendment to the Constitution of the H. R . 3725. A bill for the relief of Herman to the Committee on Agriculture. United States relating to the procedure for F. Gierke, Jr.; to the Committee on the H. R. 3717. A bill providing relief against amending the Constitution; to the Commit Judiciary. certain forms of discrimination in interstate tee on the Judiciary. By Mrs. CHURCH: transportation; to the Committee on Inter H. R. 3726. A bill for the relief of Mr. Gino state and Foreign Commerce. By Mr. BOLLING: Evangelista; to the Committee on the Judi By Mr. WESTLAND: H. Con. Res. 66. Concurrent resolution to ciary. ·establish a joint congressional committee H. R. 3718. A bill to authorize the Public By ~r. <;::OUDERT: Housing Commissioner to enter into agree "to conduc-t -.a special study of ·the ways in - H. R. 3727. A bill for the relief of Luigia ments with local public housing authorities which existing and proposed Federal eco :Reggio; to the Committee on the Judiciary. for the admission of elderly widows, widow nomic powers and programs can make their : ·By Mr. GREEN of Pennsylvania: ers or a single person to federally assisted greatest contribution to defense against H. R. 3728. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Han low-rent housing projects; to the Committee modern atomic attack; to the Committee on nah Mae Powell; to the Committee on the on Banking and Currency. Rules. .Judiciary. 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1229 By Mrs. KELLY of·New ·York: By Mr. MINSHALL: By Mr. WILLIAMS of New York: H. R. 3729. A bill for the relief of Eustra H. R. 3734. A bill for the relief of Azzam H . R. 3739. A bill for the relief of Rev. tios Vournazos and Marina vournazos and· Issac Rafidi; to the Committee on the Ju· George Kazaka; to the Committee on the Mary Vournazos; to the Committee on the diciary. Judiciary. Judiciary. By Mr. MOSS: By Mr. WOLVERTON: By Mr. KING of California : H . R . 3735. A bill for the relief of Gertrud H . R. 3740. A bill for the relief of Mrs. H. R. 3730. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Babette Kraeutter; to the Committee on the Kathryn Kraus Eble; to the Committee on Eleonore Blackburn (nee Brenner); to the Judiciary. the Judiciary. Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. PATTERSON: H. R. 3731. A bill for the relief of Mrs. H . R. 3736. A bill for the relief of Georgette Fusako Takai and Thomas Takai; to the Charalambo Harrison; to the Committee on Committee on the Judiciary. the Juqiciary. PETITIONS, ETC. By Mr. SHEEHAN: By Mr. MADDEN: H . R. 3737. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Vas Under clause 1 of rule XXII, H. R . 3732. A bill for the relief of Musaitif silike J. Daskalake; to the Committee on 84. The SPEAKER presented a petition or Mustafa; to the Committee on the Judiciary. the Judiciary. the city clerk, Wyandotte, Mich., requesting By Mr. MILLER of Maryland: By Mr. THOMAS: earnest and favorable consideration be given H. R. 3733. A bill for the relief of Charles H . R. 3738. A bill for the relief of Roy M. proposals for increasing compensation o! A. Barron; to the Committee on the Judi Hofheinz and wife (Irene); to the Commit postal workers, which was referred to the ciary. tee on the Judiciary. Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Sale of Government-Owned Synthetic mended for sale, plus the plants to be the Government-owned synthetic rubber in put in standby, plus operating losses for dustry will be sold to private corporations Rubber Plants to Private Industry for a total of $310,565,000. the wartime years, is placed by the Com Far. from disapproving, Congress and the mission at $2'72,918,800. Recommended Nation as a whole ought to applaud this EXTENSION OF REMARKS plant sales-even taking into account the highly satisfactory conclusion of a history OF plants earmarked for standby-repre making chapter of cooperation between the sent 96.6 percent of the taxpayers' un Government and private industry. HON. WILLIAM H. AYRES recovered investment. Of the billions upon billions of dollars OF OHIO Against the yardstick of any previous which the United States had to spend to carry World War II to a successful conclu IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES disposal of Government's property, this would certainly represent full fair value, sion, none produced a greater money's worth Monday, February 7, 1955 at the time nor has turned out to have a in my opinion. better "cash-in" value. Mr. AYRES. Mr. Speaker, on January As regards the Commission's directive Creation of the plants early in the war 24 there was submitted to this House from the Congress to develop a disposal was an industrial miracle, brought about by and referred to the Armed Services Com pattern shaped to foster a free and com Government money and priorities and the mittee a report recommending sale of petitive industry, I would call attention rubber, chemical, and oil industry's tech· the Government-owned synthetic-rub· to this phase of the report. nical knowledge. Without this source of rub ber, every phase of our military and civilian ber plants to private industry. Rubber manufacturers who were suc activities would have been crippled and vic I have spoken on previous occasions cessful bidders and have in their own tory would have been long delayed. of the legislation which we passed to requirements for rubbei.' a captive mar- In the years immediately following the authorize this sale. Today I would like . ket are required by contract to divert war, the rubber-making facilities kept con to commend the Rubber Producing Fa· fixed percentages of their production to sumers-and that includes everyone in this cilities Disposal Commission on an out the free market to be available to -small country-from being gouged of hundreds o:C business. millions of dollars in inflated prices for na standing job. tural rubber. Since we required them to operate In two instances, sales were made to Ever since 1948, the Beacon Journal has under a very strict set of ground rules nonrubber manufacturers who have no been urging that the plants ought to be sold with respect to assuring free competi· captive market. It is interesting to note to private industry; that in peacetime the tion, obtaining full fair value, and guar· that the several hundred rubber manu Government had no proper function as a anteeing the security interests of the facturing companies which will have no manufacturer and that private competition United States, they were compelled lit interest in the facilities disposed of, pur might improve the product and lower the chased from the Government last year cost. erally to pioneer new fields. No previous The Korean war postponed active steps disposal of Government property had 127,000 long tons of general purpose toward disposal but in 1953 a Republican ever been taken under such restrictive synthetic rubber to meet their require Congress set up a procedure for sale, based rules. ments in a year of high industrial largely on a pattern set under a Democratic How well they did this job is reflected activity. administration in 1948. in the report now before us. The disposal recommendations create On July 25, 1953, we said: As for security, contracts for every fa· a pattern which would make 242,000 tons "The surest way to carry the rubber dis cility contain clauses assuring the avail of total rubber available to the non posal program on to a successful conclusion would be for the President to name to the ability of that facility to the Nation's captive market. Commission three men of such recognized security needs for 10 years. This would in effect put 2 pounds of integrity and sound judgment that no one As to the fair value criterion, the rec supply in competition for every pound would think of questioning their recom ommendations point out that the syn of market in the whole area of non mendations. thetic-rubber program, including con captive rubber requirements. This will "This would be a Commission of compa tract prices, cash on hand, and inven be a reassuring thing, I am sure, to the rable standing to the one which, in 1942, tories to be disposed of, will return $401,- small consumer. It is evidence, more sized up the Nation's serious rubber short age and made drastic recommendations for 565,000 to the United States Treasury. over, of the earnest effort put forth by its solution." Of this amount, the recommended sales the Commission to satisfy the criterion President Eisenhower appointed Holman of the plants, miscellaneous equipment, of free competition which we laid down D. Pettibone, a Chicago banker, as Chair and inventory accounts for $310,565,000. in the Disposal Act of 1953. man; Leslie R. Rounds, a banker from New Not all of the facilities are being sold. In this connection, I would like to call York and Maine, and Everett R. Cooke, a Because there were no bids on some fa your attention to the following editorial Memphis cotton broker. They, in turn, cilities or because bids on another were from the Akron Beacon Journal of Janu chose Eugene Holland, a Chicago industrial too low, the Commission recommends ist, as executive director. ary 26, 1955, which I feel makes signifi This group was not as well known as the placing in ready standby three facilities cant comment on the Commission's re Baruch-Conant-Compton Commission of with a net book value as of April 30, port: 1942 but its performance has been equally as 1955, of $18,557,000. GOING, GOING competent, hardheaded, and patriotic. The unrecovered investment of the Unless Congress disapproves within 60 After surveying its responsibilities through American people in the plants recom- days, 24 plants which comprise the bulk o:C a personal inspection of all the facilities,