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Ram Guided Missile Weapon System RANDOLPH W. BRUNS and EDWARD C. JARRELL RAM GUIDED MISSILE WEAPON SYSTEM The SEASP ARROW and the RAM are short range missiles intended for antiair self-defense of sur­ face ships. Versions of SEAS PARROW have been deployed for some time. The model RIM-7M SEASP ARROW, now being developed, will be supplemented on SEASP ARROW ships by the RAM, which will provide more firepower against specific threats. The RAM and its associated ship system may also protect small craft that have no other antiair defense. INTRODUCTION support to the Naval Sea Systems Command in the development and integration of the missile and the A defense in depth is required to defend individual shipboard system. ships and task forces successfully; different defensive weapons are necessary to engage at long, at medium, and at short ranges. The world's navies have devel­ oped many weapons to protect their ships against air BACKGROUND attack. These weapons include aircraft, missiles, Air defense missiles must either hit the target or guns, and countermeasure devices to confuse the pass within the lethal range of the warhead (typically guidance systems of the attacking threats. While 5 to 50 feet). This requires that the missile either these weapons are reasonably successful in destroy­ home on signals emanating from the target or that ing attackers, increased firepower continues to be a the missile be directed to the target by shipboard very desirable attribute. devices that accurately monitor target and missile The RAM Weapon System currently being devel­ locations. Most shipboard air defense missile systems oped provides higher firepower than existing weapon home on signals that are produced by the defending systems because it uses different guidance principles. ship and then are reflected from the target. A ship­ Less equipment is required on the ship to support the board radar tracks the target and transmits addi­ missile guidance function. This, in turn, also results tional signals directed at the target in a narrow beam. in a reduced requirement for operating and mainte­ These additional signals are reflected by the target nance personnel. and are then detected and tracked by a receiver in the The unique design concepts required to achieve missile. Information obtained from these reflected this capability were successfully demonstrated by signals is used to steer the missile toward the target. APL, General Dynamics/ Pomona Division, and This method of controlling missile flight is called Hughes Aircraft Co. in tests and analyses from 1966 semiactive homing guidance because the transmitter to 1979. In June 1979, the governments of the United is located on the ship and the receiver is located in the States, the Federal Republic of Germany, and Den­ missile. Another form of missile guidance, command mark entered into a contract with General Dynamics guidance, uses radars on board the ship to track both to proceed with full-scale engineering development of the target and the missile while command signals are the RAM Missile and one of two systems to control transmitted to the missile to steer it. Missiles are also and launch the missile. Since that time, APL has con­ guided toward the target using beam rider guidance, tinued to assist the Navy in the technical development in which shipboard radar tracks the target and the of this system. Recently, the Netherlands and missile is launched into the radar's beam. The mis­ Belgium have joined the program, while Canada and sile's beam riding guidance receiver detects modula­ Norway currently participate as observer nations. tions of the radar signal to maintain the missile at the APL has provided technical support to both the center of the beam until intercept. Some combination Naval Air Systems Command and the Naval Sea Sys­ of these methods may also be used. tems Command during the development and testing The shipboard radars used for semiactive, com­ of both the SEASPARROW and RAM Missiles, has mand, and beam rider guidance must maintain track supported the integration of SEASPARROW of the target until intercept. Ships will typically have Weapons Systems aboard ships, and presently is in­ more than one tracking radar aboard; however, the volved in the integration of the model RIM-7M and number of targets that can be engaged is limited by associated weapon systems into existing and future the number of these radars. Newer radars are being ships. APL and General Dynamics/ Pomona Division developed that can provide guidance signals to more jointly originated and tested the RAM guidance and than one target at a time, but they will be limited at control concept. The Laboratory provides technical first to cruisers or larger ships. 200 Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest An attractive alternative approach is to derive targets for RAM engagement. As targets come into guidance information from emissions from the tar­ RAM engagement range, designation commands are get. The major air threat to ships today is the cruise sent to the RAM Weapon System, the launcher is missile. At least 27 different cruise missile weapons slewed to the target direction, and a missile is fired. have been produced by nine different nations. i These The missile radar frequency seeker acquires the target weapons can be launched from aircraft, submerged radar signals in flight and initiates homing. The submarines, surface ships, and land. A large percent­ missile also has an infrared passive homing receiver age of these weapons use self-contained active radars that detects infrared radiation from the heated skin for guidance. The RAM Weapon System was con­ and the engine exhaust of the target. When the ceived in this context. It is designed to acquire and missile approaches the target, guidance is transferred home on the radar guidance signals emanating from from the radar frequency seeker to the infrared antis hip missiles. Using target data from shipboard seeker for the terminal phase of the flight. As the passive sensors instead of from dedicated tracking missile passes close to the target, an active optical radars, the launcher is pointed in the direction of the target detector detects the presence of the target and threat and the missile is fired. The firepower resulting triggers the warhead. When the missile scores a direct from this weapon is much greater than from systems hit, a contact fuze triggers the warhead. requiring shipboard tracking radars for missile guidance. Advances in guidance technology are Hardware Configuration under continual consideration for enhancement of A major feature of the RAM Weapon System is the capability of this weapon. that it will operate with currently installed shipboard equipment with only minimal software and hardware SYSTEM DESCRIPTION modifications to the surveillance sensors and the Functional System Operation Combat Direction System. The only sizable additions required are a launcher and its peripheral equipment, The RAM Weapon System uses search radars and an operating console, and storage for additional passive radar frequency sensors called electronic war­ missiles. fare support measures equipment to detect the pres­ ence of radiating threats. Figure 1 illustrates the Surveillance and Weapon Direction Equipment­ functional operation of the RAM Weapon System. Modern warships have search radars and passive Shipboard search radars detect targets and report equipment that will satisfy RAM targeting re­ target direction and range. Electronic warfare sup­ quirements. The target data must be processed as port measures equipment detects only targets that are rapidly as possible to support the high firepower of radiating and measures their frequency and target the RAM Weapon System. On U.S. warships, this in­ direction. The data from these two sensors are then formation can be obtained from the AN/SLQ-32(V) correlated by computers to establish legitimate Electronic Countermeasures Set and the Mk 23 Target Fig. 1-RAM weapon System func· tional operation. In a typical engage­ ment, radar and passive tracks of a target are correlated by the combat Infrared Direction System, which designates terminal guidance the target to the weapon system. A - - - - - -- - - --- -- --.........- launcher is assigned to the target and subsequently a RAM round is Antiradiation mode fired. After launch, the RAM Missile receiver field of view detects radar emissions from the tar­ get to make midcourse guidance cor­ Primary Sensors and Combat Direction System Weapon System rections. As the target is approached, guidance is switched to infrared hom­ Radar Combat Direction System Missile Launcher ing for final corrections. Detonation Active detection Correlates data from H1 Readies and J- Acquires target; of the warhead within. lethal range of r radar and electronic I fires missiles guides passively on the target is initiated by a signal from warfare support I radar signals from Electronic warfare measures target the optical fuze. The inset shows a support measures - Ranks threats I Shifts to infrared test intercept of a drone by the RAM system Missile. Assigns launcher I homing Passive detection of Electro-optical fuze radar frequencies I activates warhead I Volume 2, Number 3, 1981 201 Acquisition System search radar. Both of these Missile Round-The RAM round consists of the systems use digital computers to detect and track XRIM-116A Missile enclosed in an EX-8 canister that targets. Computer algorithms are being developed to provides environmental protection for the missile correlate the data from the Target Acquisition System and serves as a launching tube. The missile consists and the Electronic Countermeasures Set in order to of a guidance section, control section, ordnance sec­ rapidly identify radiating threats and to support the tion (active optical fuze and warhead), and a rocket target selection and weapon assignment functions. motor (Fig. 4). The overall length of the missile is ap­ Weapon System Configurations-At the present proximately 110 inches and the body diameter is 5 time, the RAM Missile is planned to be deployed in inches, although folded wings, tails, and clamps ex­ two weapon system configurations.
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