The development of air defence solutions to counter ever-evolving threats 29 November 2018

Ian Briggs

www.thalesgroup.com OPEN Contents

▌ Where are we now? Historic VSHORAD requirements

Current air defence landscape in which we operate

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▌ Where are we going? How are the air defence threats evolving? The challenge for designers - Customer pull

▌ How do we get there? System-level approach to concept development Engineering-level concept design

- Technology push

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Where are we now?

▌ Existing VSHORAD requirements

Relatively few targets

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Well-defined target set

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Traditional near-peer enemy - Led to the creation of highly-specialised effects

FGAs

Attack helicopters Cruise

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Where are we now? -HVM

▌ STARStreak-HVM

Innovative approach to the customer needs

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High Velocity Missile

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- Mach 3 following two-stage motor burn - Delivers 3 high-energy hittiles to maximise the probability of hit - Darts penetrate the target before warhead detonation Minimises chance of reaction from targets Not susceptible to countermeasures Designed to be highly effective against FGAs and late unmasking targets

Effective range of 7 km part or disclosed to a third party without the prior written consent of Thales of consent written prior the without party third a disclosed to or part This document may not be reproduced, modified, adapted, published, translated, in any way, in whole or in in or whole any in in way, translated, published, adapted, modified, reproduced, be not may documentThis OPEN 4

Where are we now? LMM

▌ LMM

Complementary missile to STARStreak-

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HVM

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Multirole

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- Surface-to-air (CS-GBAD) - Air-to-surface (FASGW-L) - Surface-to-surface (land and maritime force protection) Additional capability against UAS and point-defence against cruise missiles - Addition of a blast fragmentation warhead and proximity fuze

Effective out to 6 km

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OPEN 5

Where are we now? STARStreak-HVM & LMM

Altitude

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Anti radiation missile

Class 2 UAV Ground attack aircraft

Air ground missile

Attack Helicopter ATGW

Sub, Super Sonic Cruise part or disclosed to a third party without the prior written consent of Thales of consent written prior the without party third a disclosed to or part This document may not be reproduced, modified, adapted, published, translated, in any way, in whole or in in or whole any in in way, translated, published, adapted, modified, reproduced, be not may documentThis Range OPEN 6

Where are we going? Changing landscape of air defence

Hypersonic Cruise

Tactical

Altitude

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300mm Rocket

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Anti radiation missile 120mm Rocket Glide bomb

Class 3 UAV

120mm mortar

Class 2 UAV Ground attack aircraft

C-UAS Air ground missile

Micro UAV Traditional CS-GBADAttack Helicopter ATGW Nano UAV

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Changing landscape of air defence

▌ Rapid evolution of threat capability and application

▌ Proliferation of smaller targets

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UAVs, including swarms

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- ▌ Trend towards increased standoff of the traditional threat

What are the implications of increased range? - Do we need a different approach to guidance and identification? - Places increased demand on guidance accuracy Gives the target low observability - Implications for sensors ▌ Cannot guarantee air superiority May have time-limited pockets of superiority Expect persistent UAVs

Need to increase combat mass

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OPEN 8

Changing landscape of air defence

▌ Global picture: multiple international customers

Each with different requirement sets within the air defence landscape

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- Importance of having an agile response

Ability to maintain or reduce time-to-action despite increasing complexity of response (critical decision chain)

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OPEN 9

Changing landscape of air defence

▌ Expect the airspace to be saturated

Need increased combat mass to counter the increased diversity of threat

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Expect multiple simultaneous targets

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- Places increasing strain on the Fire Control System rather than the effector

- Lends itself to a coordinated system-level approach

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OPEN 10

Changing landscape of air defence - summary

▌ Important to recognise that the traditional threat set still exists

Likely to still be a need for STARStreak/LMM-type

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capability

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Range has been extended - Does our approach change? – Target the munition rather than platform? – Change our CONOPS approach? – How do we define a mission success?

It now exists within a much more complex and challenging air defence landscape - The threat has reacted and adapted to current air defence measures

- We need to pre-empt the enemy response

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OPEN 11

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▌ How do we get there?

Part 1: Concept development approach

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Concept development approach

▌ Concept design cycle

Customer requirements

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Sub-systems

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- Requirement pull - Technology push Air Defence solutions - Effectors - Fire Control System - Detection - Decision-making Operational Assessment

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Concept development approach

▌Thales Battlelab

Virtual prototyping tool

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- Hardware-in-the-loop

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environment

- Explore situations with customers – Individual platforms – Overall solutions – System of Systems - Develop/demonstrate CONOPS - Quick turnaround Also inform new concepts at an early stage of the design cycle

- Allows the user to be an integral part of the process

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Concept development approach

▌ We can implement spiral development cycles

Shorter development timelines 2018 All reserved. rights

Faster turnaround

Requires a highly-skilled workforce

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▌ Exploit commonality, modularity, re-use Modular family of weapons to cover a wide number of targets/ranges – ‘layered approach’ Leads to a flexible solution to meet a wide range of customer needs Allows for adaptability if requirements change Lends itself to future subsystem upgrades Plug-and-play operation

Ability to re-use well-proven technology part or disclosed to a third party without the prior written consent of Thales of consent written prior the without party third a disclosed to or part This document may not be reproduced, modified, adapted, published, translated, in any way, in whole or in in or whole any in in way, translated, published, adapted, modified, reproduced, be not may documentThis OPEN 15

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▌ How do we get there?

Part 2: Concept design

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Concept design

INCREASED MULTIPLE SMALLER FIRE & FORGET IMPROVED SIMULTANEOUS

STAND-OFF TARGETS TARGETS (FIRE & MOVE) ACCURACY

REQs

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- ROCKET MOTOR WARHEAD GUIDANCE PLATFORM

TECHAREAS

NOVEL LASER BEAM DATA TRADITIONAL PROPELLANTS RIDING COORDINATION

THRUST NOVEL SOLUTIONS MULTI-CHANNEL REMOTE UNITS MANAGEMENT (EMP/DEW, etc) BEAM RIDING

TERMINAL SEMI-ACTIVE INTELLIGENT DIRECTED EFFECT

TECHSOLUTIONS CONTROL BEAM RIDING ALGORITHMS

TARGET SEEKERS

MANAGEMENT

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▌ Conclusions

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Conclusions

▌ We can expect an evolutionary threat development

Multiple small targets, RAM, etc. 2018 All reserved. rights

Traditional threat set still exists, but at increased stand-off

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- ▌ Need to be able to address this evolution of the threat

Develop our evaluation processes Build and maintain a UK-level experienced skills base Use technology awareness to influence the customers’ direction ▌ Develop innovative solutions to meet the customer requirements Layered, modular approach Maximise coverage

Make better use of digital technology

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OPEN 19

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This document may not be reproduced, modified, adapted, published, translated, in any way, in whole or in in or whole any in in way, translated, published, adapted, modified, reproduced, be not may documentThis Thales of consent written prior the without party third a disclosed to or part

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