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Wood Anatomy of the Mimosoideae (Leguminosae)

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Wood Anatomy of the Mimosoideae (Leguminosae) Author – Title 1 Wood Anatomy of the Mimosoideae (Leguminosae) Jennifer A. Evans Peter E. Gasson Gwilym P. Lewis IAWA Journal, Supplement 5 Author – Title 1 Wood Anatomy of the Mimosoideae (Leguminosae) by Jennifer A. Evans, Peter E. Gasson and Gwilym P. Lewis Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, United Kingdom IAWA Journal, Supplement 5 — 2006 Published for the International Association of Wood Anatomists at the Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, The Netherlands ISSN 0928-1541 ISBN 90-71236-63-3 ISBN 978-90-71236-63-3 NUR 941 Jennifer A. Evans, Peter E. Gasson and Gwilym P. Lewis Wood Anatomy of the Mimosoideae (Leguminosae) IAWA Journal, Supplement 5 — 2006 Published for the International Association of Wood Anatomists at the Nationaal Herbarium Nederland P.O. Box 9514 – 2300 RA Leiden – The Netherlands Cover: Inga marginata Willd. (Pennington et al. 12527) Contents page Summary .................................................................................................................. 4 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 5 Materials and Methods .......................................................................................... 7 Observations and Discussion ............................................................................... 8 A general wood anatomical description of the Mimosoideae ........................ 28 Observations and Discussion of Characters: .................................................... 28 Porosity and helical thickenings ................................................................... 28 Intervessel pitting ............................................................................................ 29 Axial parenchyma ............................................................................................ 29 Fibres .................................................................................................................. 30 Rays .................................................................................................................... 30 Axial canals ....................................................................................................... 31 Silica bodies ...................................................................................................... 31 Calcium oxalate crystals ................................................................................. 31 Storeying and ray composition ..................................................................... 31 Anomalous secondary thickening ................................................................. 31 Observations and Discussion of Tribes and Groups: – Tribe MIMOSEAE .............................................................................................. 32 Adenanthera group .......................................................................................... 33 Aubrevillea group ............................................................................................ 38 Cylicodiscus group .......................................................................................... 39 Dichrostachys group ....................................................................................... 40 Dinizia group .................................................................................................... 42 Entada group ..................................................................................................... 43 Fillaeopsis group .............................................................................................. 46 Leucaena group ................................................................................................ 47 Newtonia group ................................................................................................ 48 Pentaclethra group ........................................................................................... 49 Piptadenia group .............................................................................................. 51 Piptadeniastrum group .................................................................................... 57 Plathymenia group ........................................................................................... 58 Prosopis group .................................................................................................. 60 (continued on the next page) 4 IAWA Journal, Supplement 5, 2006 Evans, Gasson & Lewis — Wood Anatomy of the Mimosoideae (Leguminosae) 5 – Tribe INGEAE ..................................................................................................... 62 Abarema alliance ............................................................................................. 62 Chloroleucon alliance ..................................................................................... 66 Faidherbia & Zapoteca .................................................................................. 68 Inga alliance ...................................................................................................... 70 Old World group .............................................................................................. 78 Pithecellobium alliance .................................................................................. 81 Samanea alliance ............................................................................................. 84 Unplaced genera .............................................................................................. 87 – Tribe ACACIEAE ................................................................................................ 90 Acacia ................................................................................................................ 91 – Tribe MIMOZYGANTHEAE ............................................................................. 98 Conclusions ............................................................................................................. 98 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................... 101 References ............................................................................................................... 101 Cladogram ............................................................................................................... 9 Table 1 ...................................................................................................................... 10 Diagram ................................................................................................................... 26 Appendix: Collection details of material examined ........................................ 107 SUMMARY The pantropical subfamily Mimosoideae (Leguminosae) currently comprises 78 genera and 3,270 species. Many changes have recently been made to the classification of the subfamily, and more are likely to occur in the future as further morphological and molecular data are collected. This study provides a detailed account of mimosoid wood anatomy, covering c. 77% of the genera, and the photographic plates act as an identification atlas for the subfamily. We highlight cases in which wood anatomical characters of potential taxonomic significance support or conflict with the current classification of genera, suprageneric groups, and tribes. Mimosoid wood is very homogeneous and distinguishable from members of the other subfamilies of Leguminosae, Caes- alpinioideae and Papilionoideae. The characters found to be most divergent in Mimosoideae wood are: the presence or absence of septate fibres, the presence and extent of confluent or banded axial parenchyma, and ray width. These char- acters tend to be conserved within genera and also between members of the same generic group, but they are not of taxonomic value at the tribal level where there is too much variation within and overlap between tribes. Key words: Mimoseae, Ingeae, Acacieae, Mimozygantheae, wood descriptions. 4 IAWA Journal, Supplement 5, 2006 Evans, Gasson & Lewis — Wood Anatomy of the Mimosoideae (Leguminosae) 5 INTRODUCTION The Mimosoideae is a pantropical subfamily of the Leguminosae comprising 78 genera and 3,270 species (Lewis et al. 2005; Schrire et al. 2005). Most are trees, shrubs or lianas, and many are important fuel and food plants. The traditional classification of the subfamily follows Elias (1981a) who divided the Mimosoideae into five tribes: the Mimoseae, Ingeae, Acacieae, Parkieae and Mimozygantheae based on floral morphol- ogy (mainly stamen number and fusion). Recent molecular evidence demonstrates that many genera and suprageneric groupings within Mimosoideae are not monophyletic and that there is little support for the tribes themselves (e.g. Luckow et al. 2003). The present study follows the treatment of Mimosoideae used by Luckow (2005), Lewis (2005), Fortunato (2005) and Lewis & Rico (2005) which is based on a combination of revised morphological data and recent molecular phylogenies. The Acacieae and Ingeae are believed to have been derived from within the Mimo- seae based on morphological characters (Chappill & Maslin 1995) and molecular data (Luckow et al. 2003). Recent studies have also suggested that the Mimoseae is not monophyletic with respect to the Caesalpinioideae (Doyle et al. 2000; Luckow et al. 2000; Bruneau et al. 2001; Luckow et al. 2003). The tribe Mimoseae currently com- prises c. 870 species in 40 genera organised into 14 suprageneric groups,
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