From HENRY PELHAM, Friday 16 July 1742 OS

Copy Link

FROM PRINCE AND PRINCESSE DE CRAON 9 JULY 1742 NS 39 davoir a mander a mon fils les nouvelles marques damitie dont vous lhonorez, jen suis penetre de reconnoissance ainsy que du plus par- fait attachement avec le quel on puisse etre Monsieur Votre tres humble et tres obeissant servateur LE PRINCE DE CRAON From HENRY PELHAM, Friday 16 July 1742 OS Printed for the first time from the MS now WSL. Damer-Waller; the MS was sold Sotheby's 5 Dec. 1921 (first Waller Sale), lot 61, bought in; resold Christie's 15 Dec. 1947 (second Waller Sale), lot 49, to Maggs for WSL. On the second leaf of the letter HW copied the revised text of his Lesson for the Day, 1742 (Hazen, Bibl. of HW 19; Toynbee Supp. ii. 78). July the 16, 1742. Dear Sir, I HOPE you will forgive the trouble I am obliged to give you at the request of several friends. I am told Mr Ashton, the gentle man you recommended to the Duke of Newcastle for a living in Lan cashire,1 is at present a Fellow of King's in Cambridge.2 He can't keep it long, and if he makes his resignation now, it will be of great service to some young gentlemen at Eton,3 that the Speaker* and the Chancellor of the Exchequer5 are concerned for. The only objection, as I understand, is on account of a young Paxton6 and Mr Naylor 1. Pelham had doubtless forwarded 5. Samuel Sandys (1695-1770), cr. (1743) HW's .request (ante 17 May 1742 OS) to Bn Sandys; M.P.; chancellor of the Ex his brother, the Duke of Newcastle. chequer Feb. 1742-Dec. 1743. 2. Ashton was a fellow of King's 1737- 6. Probably William Paxton (1723-95), 42. Having been instituted as rector of Eton 1735-42; admitted as a scholar at Aldingham, Lanes, on 12 July, he prob King's College, Cambridge, 3 Nov. 1742 ably resigned his fellowship at King's (B.A. 1746/7; M.A. 1750); fellow of King's soon after this date on Pelham's urging 1745-51; vicar of Padstow, Cornwall, and (see below). of Buckland, Devon, 1752, through presen 3. Scholars were preferred from Eton to tation of the Earl of Orford; rector of King's College as scholarships became va Taplow, Bucks, 1788 (Eton Coll. Reg.) cant there (Henry Maiden, An Account of His father, Nicholas Paxton (d. 1744), King's College Chapel, Cambridge, 1769, solicitor to the Treasury 1730-42, had P- 5)- been taken into custody for refusing to 4. Arthur Onslow (1691-1768), M.P.; answer the Committee of Secrecy's ques Speaker of the House of Commons 1728- tions about Sir Robert Walpole's conduct, 61. on the grounds that 'it may tend to accuse .

Recommended publications

Gladstone and the Bank of England: a Study in Mid-Victorian Finance, 1833-1866

GLADSTONE AND THE BANK OF ENGLAND: A STUDY IN MID-VICTORIAN FINANCE, 1833-1866 Patricia Caernarv en-Smith, B.A. Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS May 2007 APPROVED: Denis Paz, Major Professor Adrian Lewis, Committee Member and Chair of the Department of History Laura Stern, Committee Member Sandra L. Terrell, Dean of the Robert B. Toulouse School of Graduate Studies Caernarven-Smith, Patricia. Gladstone and the Bank of England: A Study in Mid- Victorian Finance, 1833-1866. Master of Arts (History), May 2007, 378 pp., 11 tables, bibliography, 275 titles. The topic of this thesis is the confrontations between William Gladstone and the Bank of England. These confrontations have remained a mystery to authors who noted them, but have generally been ignored by others. This thesis demonstrates that Gladstone’s measures taken against the Bank were reasonable, intelligent, and important for the development of nineteenth-century British government finance. To accomplish this task, this thesis refutes the opinions of three twentieth-century authors who have claimed that many of Gladstone’s measures, as well as his reading, were irrational, ridiculous, and impolitic. My primary sources include the Gladstone Diaries, with special attention to a little-used source, Volume 14, the indexes to the Diaries. The day-to-day Diaries and the indexes show how much Gladstone read about financial matters, and suggest that his actions were based to a large extent upon his reading. In addition, I have used Hansard’s Parliamentary Debates and nineteenth-century periodicals and books on banking and finance to understand the political and economic debates of the time.
The Life of William Ewart Gladstone (Vol 2 of 3) by John Morley

The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Life of William Ewart Gladstone (Vol 2 of 3) by John Morley This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: The Life of William Ewart Gladstone (Vol 2 of 3) Author: John Morley Release Date: May 24, 2010, 2009 [Ebook 32510] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE LIFE OF WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE (VOL 2 OF 3)*** The Life Of William Ewart Gladstone By John Morley In Three Volumes—Vol. II. (1859-1880) Toronto George N. Morang & Company, Limited Copyright, 1903 By The Macmillan Company Contents Book V. 1859-1868 . .2 Chapter I. The Italian Revolution. (1859-1860) . .2 Chapter II. The Great Budget. (1860-1861) . 21 Chapter III. Battle For Economy. (1860-1862) . 49 Chapter IV. The Spirit Of Gladstonian Finance. (1859- 1866) . 62 Chapter V. American Civil War. (1861-1863) . 79 Chapter VI. Death Of Friends—Days At Balmoral. (1861-1884) . 99 Chapter VII. Garibaldi—Denmark. (1864) . 121 Chapter VIII. Advance In Public Position And Other- wise. (1864) . 137 Chapter IX. Defeat At Oxford—Death Of Lord Palmer- ston—Parliamentary Leadership. (1865) . 156 Chapter X. Matters Ecclesiastical. (1864-1868) . 179 Chapter XI. Popular Estimates. (1868) . 192 Chapter XII. Letters. (1859-1868) . 203 Chapter XIII. Reform. (1866) . 223 Chapter XIV. The Struggle For Household Suffrage. (1867) . 250 Chapter XV.
THE ILLNESSES and DEATH of ROBERT WALPOLE By

Medical History, 1982, 26: 421-428. THE ILLNESSES AND DEATH OF ROBERT WALPOLE by EDMUND ANTHONY SPRIGGS* ROBERT WALPOLE, later Earl of Orford, was born in 1676t in East Anglia, where urinary stone was common, and died in 1745 with this condition. The controversy about his death has been described by Jarvis,' who was particularly concerned with the pamphlet war, involving physicians, surgeons, and literary men, which followed it. Viseltear2 has more recently written an account of Walpole's last illness, with special reference to the treatment of urinary stone through the ages. My paper approaches the subject rather from the angle of a clinician. Walpole's mother is said to have had a stone in her kidney.3 His brother Horatio is described as having stone4 and gout.5 His putative youngest son, Horace, produced from his finger a gouty "chalkstone that I believe is worthy of a place in Mr Hunter's collection of human miseries".4 Walpole is said to have been born of a difficult labour, and to have been fed by a wet-nurse. He was one of a large family "prone to rickets and fever", many of whom died in infancy.' He had severe smallpox at Cambridge, and his physician, Master of Caius and a friend of Walpole's father, said to one of the Fellows of King's, "We must take care to save this young man, or we shall be accused ofhaving purposely neglected him, because he is so violent a Whig".6 As to Walpole's height, the authorities differ, but there is no disagreement that in * E.
Theme 3 – Ireland Subject: Political Views

Politics of the 4th Duke of Newcastle http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/mss/elearning/dukeofnewcastle Theme 3 – Ireland Subtheme2 – Catholic Emancipation Transcripts for other primary sources Where the commentary refers to only sections of letters, these passages are shown in red. Contents o Ne C 5266 - Letter from Sir Robert Peel, London, to Henry, 4th Duke of Newcastle under Lyne; 9 Mar. 1821 o Ne C 5267 – Letter from Sir Robert Peel, Whitehall, London, to Henry, 4th Duke of Newcastle under Lyne; 22 Oct. 1824 o Ne C 5271 - Letter from Sir Robert Peel, Whitehall, London, to Henry, 4th Duke of Newcastle under Lyne; 22 Apr. 1825 o Ne C 5329 - Letter from George, 2nd Baron Kenyon, Portman Square, London, to Henry, 4th Duke of Newcastle under Lyne; 9 Mar. 1825 o Ne C 6990 - Letter from John W. Croker, 14 Duke Street, Westminster, London, to Henry Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle under Lyne; 3 Feb. 1832 o Ne C 5448 - Letter from John W. Croker, West Molesey, Surrey, to Henry, 4th Duke of Newcastle under Lyne; 31 Mar. 1837 o Ne C 6765 - Letter from William Hirst, Boroughbridge, Yorkshire, to Henry Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle under Lyne; 19 Feb. 1829 o Ne C 6694/1 - Letter from Edward Smith Godfrey, Newark, Nottinghamshire, to Henry Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle under Lyne; 14 Jun. 1822 o Ne C 5255 - Letter from 'an Irish Protestant', Cork, Ireland, to Henry, 4th Duke of Newcastle under Lyne; 14 Feb. 1823 o Ne C 5344 - Letter from Richard, 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, Wotton, to Henry, 4th Duke of Newcastle under Lyne; 18 Aug.
Global Encounters and the Archives Global Encounters a Nd the Archives

1 Global Encounters and the Archives Global EncountErs a nd thE archivEs Britain’s Empire in the Age of Horace Walpole (1717–1797) An exhibition at the Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University October 20, 2017, through March 2, 2018 Curated by Justin Brooks and Heather V. Vermeulen, with Steve Pincus and Cynthia Roman Foreword On this occasion of the 300th anniversary of Horace In association with this exhibition the library Walpole’s birthday in 2017 and the 100th anniversary will sponsor a two-day conference in New Haven of W.S. Lewis’s Yale class of 2018, Global Encounters on February 9–10, 2018, that will present new and the Archives: Britain’s Empire in the Age of Horace archival-based research on Britain’s global empire Walpole embraces the Lewis Walpole Library’s central in the long eighteenth century and consider how mission to foster eighteenth-century studies through current multi-disciplinary methodologies invite research in archives and special collections. Lewis’s creative research in special collections. bequest to Yale was informed by his belief that “the cynthia roman most important thing about collections is that they Curator of Prints, Drawings and Paintings furnish the means for each generation to make its The Lewis Walpole Library own appraisals.”1 The rich resources, including manuscripts, rare printed texts, and graphic images, 1 W.S. Lewis, Collector’s Progress, 1st ed. (New York: indeed provide opportunity for scholars across Alfred A. Knopf, 1951), 231. academic disciplines to explore anew the complexities and wide-reaching impact of Britain’s global interests in the long eighteenth century Global Encounters and the Archives is the product of a lively collaboration between the library and Yale faculty and graduate students across academic disci- plines.
Aides to the Prime Minister from Robert Walpole to David Cameron by Andrew Blick and George Jones

blogs.lse.ac.uk http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsereviewofbooks/2014/03/12/book-review-at-powers-elbow-aides-to-the-prime-minister-from-robert-walpole- to-david-cameron/ Book Review: At Power’s Elbow: Aides to the Prime Minister from Robert Walpole to David Cameron by Andrew Blick and George Jones Special Advisers and prime-ministerial aides have come to prominence increasingly over the last decade, with operatives like Alastair Campbell and Andy Coulson frequently making front-page news. But little is generally known about the role itself, what it entails, and how it has developed down the years. Catherine Haddon, in reviewing this new offering from Andrew Blick and George Jones, finds their history of the role enlightening and impressive in its breadth and scope. At Power’s Elbow: Aides to the Prime Minister from Robert Walpole to David Cameron. Andrew Blick and George Jones. Biteback Publishing. September 2013. Find this book: ‘The office of Prime Minister is occupied by one individual but the exercise of the role has always been a group activity’. With this theme at the heart, Andrew Blick and George Jones’ latest book moves on from their previous study of prime ministers to look at the advisers that surround them. Blick and Jones take us all the way back to Robert Walpole to examine how the support of aides and the reaction to them helped define not only the concept of permanent Civil Service but also the very role of Prime Minister itself. What Blick and Jones’ book demonstrates is that the UK premiership has not been a static organisation – it has adapted to the style and approach of the individuals that held the post.
Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell

Copyrights sought (Albert) Basil (Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell) Filson Young (Alexander) Forbes Hendry (Alexander) Frederick Whyte (Alfred Hubert) Roy Fedden (Alfred) Alistair Cooke (Alfred) Guy Garrod (Alfred) James Hawkey (Archibald) Berkeley Milne (Archibald) David Stirling (Archibald) Havergal Downes-Shaw (Arthur) Berriedale Keith (Arthur) Beverley Baxter (Arthur) Cecil Tyrrell Beck (Arthur) Clive Morrison-Bell (Arthur) Hugh (Elsdale) Molson (Arthur) Mervyn Stockwood (Arthur) Paul Boissier, Harrow Heraldry Committee & Harrow School (Arthur) Trevor Dawson (Arwyn) Lynn Ungoed-Thomas (Basil Arthur) John Peto (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin & New Statesman (Borlasse Elward) Wyndham Childs (Cecil Frederick) Nevil Macready (Cecil George) Graham Hayman (Charles Edward) Howard Vincent (Charles Henry) Collins Baker (Charles) Alexander Harris (Charles) Cyril Clarke (Charles) Edgar Wood (Charles) Edward Troup (Charles) Frederick (Howard) Gough (Charles) Michael Duff (Charles) Philip Fothergill (Charles) Philip Fothergill, Liberal National Organisation, N-E Warwickshire Liberal Association & Rt Hon Charles Albert McCurdy (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett & World Review of Reviews (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Colin) Mark Patrick (Crwfurd) Wilfrid Griffin Eady (Cyril) Berkeley Ormerod (Cyril) Desmond Keeling (Cyril) George Toogood (Cyril) Kenneth Bird (David) Euan Wallace (Davies) Evan Bedford (Denis Duncan)
The Power of the Prime Minister

Research Paper Research The Power of the Prime Minister 50 Years On George Jones THE POWER OF THE PRIME MINISTER 50 YEARS ON George Jones Emeritus Professor of Government London School of Economics & Political Science for The Constitution Society Based on a lecture for the Institute of Contemporary British History, King’s College, London, 8 February 2016 First published in Great Britain in 2016 by The Constitution Society Top Floor, 61 Petty France London SW1H 9EU www.consoc.org.uk © The Constitution Society ISBN: 978-0-9954703-1-6 © George Jones 2016. All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the publisher of this book. THE POWER OF THE PRIME MINISTER 3 Contents About the Author 4 Foreword 5 Introduction 9 Contingencies and Resource Dependency 11 The Formal Remit and Amorphous Convention 13 Key Stages in the Historical Development of the Premiership 15 Biographies of Prime Ministers are Not Enough 16 Harold Wilson 17 Tony Blair – almost a PM’s Department 19 David Cameron – with a department in all but name 21 Hung Parliament and Coalition Government 22 Fixed-term Parliaments Act, 2011 25 Party Dynamics 26 Wilson and Cameron Compared 29 Enhancing the Prime Minister 37 Between Wilson and Cameron 38 Conclusions 39 4 THE POWER OF THE PRIME MINISTER About the Author George Jones has from 2003 been Emeritus Professor of Government at LSE where he was Professor of Government between 1976 and 2003.
Department of the Prime Minister’, Historians Urge Brown - Five Lessons from History to Guide New Prime Minister

Monday, 11 June, 2007 Abolish ‘Department of the Prime Minister’, historians urge Brown - Five lessons from history to guide new Prime Minister A new History & Policy paper published today calls on Gordon Brown to follow in the footsteps of Lloyd George, Wilson and Major by adopting a radically different style of Government from his predecessor. Professor Emeritus George Jones of the LSE and Dr Andrew Blick argue Brown can make his mark as a leader by abolishing Blair’s semi-official ‘Department of the Prime Minister’, withdrawing from the minute detail of public service reform and focusing on the most pressing policy challenges, such as counter-terrorism and the environment. Professor Jones said: “Many past Prime Ministers – from David Lloyd George to Harold Wilson and John Major – have established contrasting identities from their predecessors. New bodies such as the Delivery Unit have enabled Blair to make unprecedented prime-ministerial interventions in public services. Brown should make it clear he intends to do the opposite. He should resist the siren voices - such as Sir Michael Barber, former head of the Delivery Unit - urging him to formalise a ‘Department of the Prime Minister and the Cabinet’. In turn he can achieve more by attempting less.” Dr Blick said: “Blair constructed a vast prime-ministerial team to bypass Cabinet. But history shows that collective government is the best way to develop and test policy, ensuring it is practically and politically effective. History is littered with premiers who isolated Cabinet from decision- making - Chamberlain, Eden and Thatcher - to disastrous effect. “We welcome the news that there will be a senior civil servant appointed to oversee collective government.
Explore the Index

Index Compiled by the Author Abdul Hamid, Sultan of Turkey: I88, Admiralty, the: Churchill becomes First 3I7 Lord of (I911), I; his policy at, 2; Aboukir (British cruiser): torpedoed (22 conference (25 July I9I4) postponed, Sept I9I4), 8s-6; loss of, a cause of 4-5; communique about Fleet con criticism of Churchill, I43, I84-5, 532 centration issued from, 7; defensive Abruzzi, Duke of: commands Italian preparations of (27 July I914), 8; navy, 423 further preparations of (29July I9I4), Achi Baba (Gallipoli Peninsula): Hamil 11; Staff meeting at (30 July I9I4), ton decides to land south of, 393; 13; relations with War Office, 2I, 36, Hamilton's army fails to reach sum 226; visit ofF. E. Smith and Sir Max mit of (25-26 April I9I5), 407; Aitken to (I Aug I9I4), 24; urged by Hamilton confident that his forces Manchester Guardian to 'trust the will reach, in May, 4I I, 4I3; renewed people', 38; confident of ability to offensive towards (6--g May I9IS), prevent invasion, 57; purchases flying •4-14; remains in Turkish hands (May boats from United States (Nov 1914), I9IS), 4I5, 431; Churchill learns of 66; conference on aircraft production failure of ships' fire against, 687; at (I6 Sept I914), 8o; Courtoflnquiry MAPS, 403, 519 on sinking of Aboukir, Cressy and Hogue, Achnasheen (Ross and Cromarty): 85-6; rubber manufacturers sum mystery of a searchlight at, 82-3 moned to, 86; 'without a head', 1 17; Adamant (British submarine Depot Ship): tries to reassure War Office that a Fisher wants returned to home waters German invasion can be successfully
The Growth of Democracy 1832 – 1928

THE GROWTH OF DEMOCRACY 1832 - 1928 Cults Academy History Department Higher History THE GROWTH OF DEMOCRACY 1832 – 1928 Gladstone & Disraeli Page 1 THE GROWTH OF DEMOCRACY 1832 - 1928 Contents: Problems with the Parliamentary System Forces for Change & The 1832 Act Gladstone, Disraeli & The 1867 Act Reducing Corruption and Bribery The Acts of 1884/85 Reforming the House of Lords The Emergence of the Labour Party Female Suffrage & the Acts of 1918/28 Conclusion I.C. 2005 Teacher’s note: This booklet can be used in conjunction with the textbook ‘Changing Britain 1850 – 1979’ (p’s 3 – 16) Introduction Today, we live in a democratic society where most people enjoy fundamental freedoms of speech, press, movement and worship and the right to vote in fair and free elections. In the early 1800’s, such ideas were alien to most people in Britain. Parliament had been established in the 13th Century as a way of helping the King govern more effectively. Gradually, it became an accepted institution of the State. The history of the British Parliament is long and complex. Here are some of the key events: In 1295, the first proper Parliament was established under Edward I. It evolved into two chambers, one for the nobility, the other for knights and burgesses In 1603, the kingdoms of England and Scotland were united under James VI: James believed in the absolute power of the Monarchy James’ son, Charles I attempted to rule without Parliament. This led in 1642 to the start of a long, drawn-out civil war between supporters of the Monarchy and supporters of Parliament, led by Oliver Cromwell In 1699, the Bill of Rights was passed, stating that laws could not be made without the consent of Parliament – the powers of the Monarchy were greatly reduced In 1707, the Act of Union joined the Scottish and English Parliaments together In 1721 Sir Robert Walpole became the first recognised Prime Minister Page 2 THE GROWTH OF DEMOCRACY 1832 - 1928 Problems with the old Parliamentary System The Parliamentary system of the early 1800’s had changed little in over a century.
Arthur George Walker (1910) and Mathematician and Daughter of Lord Byron, Ada Lovelace, by Margaret Carpenter (1836)

Government Art Collection: Selected by Downing Street Staff: 12 from No10 The Government Art Collection has looked after works of art at 10 Downing Street since the late 19th century. In this exhibition non- political staff from the British Prime Minister’s official Residence, including personal assistants, custodians and IT managers, were asked to select works of art from No10 that they felt were particularly significant. Portraits of previous Prime Ministers, such as Sir Robert Walpole (c.1740), the first State representative at No10, from the studio of Jean Baptiste van Loo, as well as World War II Prime Minister Winston Churchill by Yousuf Karsh (1941), are seen alongside historical figures. These include the medical and nursing reformer Florence Nightingale by Arthur George Walker (1910) and mathematician and daughter of Lord Byron, Ada Lovelace, by Margaret Carpenter (1836). The staff selected works that both intrigued and surprised them, such as videos by Wood & Harrison from the series Twenty Six (Drawing and Falling Things) (2000-1), and John Bratby’s kitchen sink View from a Window, Dartmouth Row, Blackheath (c.1954-6), which offers a contrast to the decorative grandeur of No10’s interiors. Included in this display is a video documenting the selection process as well as the comments of some of the participants. The Government Art Collection is on display in more than 400 locations all over the globe, and includes paintings, sculptures and other works of art from the 16th century to the present day. This display is part of the Whitechapel Gallery’s ongoing programme opening up important public and private collections for everyone.