Microscope LED Illumination Or Fluorescence Microscopy

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Microscope LED Illumination Or Fluorescence Microscopy Prizmatix Application Note #009 Microscope LED Illumination for Fluorescence Microscopy Compared to classic Hg Lamps Classical Hg Lamps are gradually giving up their position to new illumination systems based on high-power LEDs. Prizmatix offers two series of microscope fluorescence illumination: the standard MIC-LED series and the new x10 brighter Ultra High Power UHP- MIC-LED series. Prizmatix’s compact high power LED light source modules are an effective replacement of lasers and Hg lamps in many applications. The images below were taken with an Olympus IX81 inverted microscope equipped with a Qimaging Retiga 1300R monochrome camera. Note that while exposure times between the arc lamp (middle) and High Power LED (right) were the same, while exposure times for the UltraLED were shorter (left). Sample: Molecular Probes prepared slide #3 (Kidney) stained with Alexafluor 488. As demonstrated in the images below, the Prizmatix’s Mic-LED is found to be similar to 50W mercury lamp, while the new UHP-Mic-LED is significantly brighter than 100W mercury arc lamp. Prizmatix UHP-Mic-LED-460 100W Hg lamp Prizmatix Mic-LED-480 Exposure time: 2500ms Exposure time: 5000ms Exposure time: 5000ms (Images courtesy to G. Sobocinski, University of Michigan) LEDs key features: • Single chip LED • Long life (no lamp or laser tube • TTL external triggering replacement required) • Excellent for fluorescence excitation • Speckle free • Stable precisely adjustable power • Rapid warm up time Main Office European Sales Office North America Sales Office Phone: +972-27-2500097 Phone: +44-(0)77-9172-9592 Phone: +1-(248)-436-8085 Fax: +972-27-2500096 Fax: +44-(0)20-7681-2977 Fax: +1-(248)-281-5236 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] P.O.B. 4234 Modiin-Ilite 71919, Israel .
Recommended publications
  • Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Chemometrics in the Food Classification − a Review
    Czech J. Food Sci. Vol. 25, No. 4: 159–173 Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Chemometrics in the Food Classification − a Review Jana SÁDECKÁ and Jana TÓTHOVÁ Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Abstract Sádecká J., Tóthová J. (2007): Fluorescence spectroscopy and chemometrics in the food classification − a review. Czech J. Food Sci., 25: 159–173. This review deals with the last few years’ articles on various fluorescence techniques (conventional, excitation-emis- sion matrix, and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy) as a tool for the classification of food samples. Chemometric methods as principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, parallel factor analysis, and factorial discrimi- nate analysis are briefly reminded. The respective publications are then listed according to the food samples: dairy products, eggs, meat, fish, edible oils, and others. Keywords: chemometrics; fluorescence spectroscopy; food analysis Fluorescence spectroscopy is a rapid, sensitive, distinguish. The analytical information contained and non-destructive analytical technique pro- in fluorescence spectra can be extracted by using viding in a few seconds spectral signatures that various multivariate analysis techniques that relate can be used as fingerprints of the food products several analytical variables to the properties of (dairy products, fishes, edible oils, wines, etc.). the analyte(s). The multivariate techniques most The application of fluorescence in food analysis frequently used allow to group the samples with has increased during the last decade, probably similar characteristics, to establish classification due to the propagated use of chemometrics. The methods for unknown samples (qualitative analysis) study by Norgaard (1995) can serve as a general or to perform methods determining some proper- investigation of how to enhance the potential of ties of unknown samples (quantitative analysis).
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of Life-Cycle Analyses of Compact Fluorescent and Incandescent Lamps Based on Rated Life of Compact Fluorescent Lamp
    Comparison of Life-Cycle Analyses of Compact Fluorescent and Incandescent Lamps Based on Rated Life of Compact Fluorescent Lamp Laurie Ramroth Rocky Mountain Institute February 2008 Image: Compact Fluorescent Lamp. From Mark Stozier on istockphoto. Abstract This paper addresses the debate over compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) and incandescents through life-cycle analyses (LCA) conducted in the SimaPro1 life-cycle analysis program. It compares the environmental impacts of providing a given amount of light (approximately 1,600 lumens) from incandescents and CFLs for 10,000 hours. Special attention has been paid to recently raised concerns regarding CFLs—specifically that their complex manufacturing process uses so much energy that it outweighs the benefits of using CFLs, that turning CFLs on and off frequently eliminates their energy-efficiency benefits, and that they contain a large amount of mercury. The research shows that the efficiency benefits compensate for the added complexity in manufacturing, that while rapid on-off cycling of the lamp does reduce the environmental (and payback) benefits of CFLs they remain a net “win,” and that the mercury emitted over a CFL’s life—by power plants to power the CFL and by leakage on disposal—is still less than the mercury that can be attributed to powering the incandescent. RMI: Life Cycle of CFL and Incandescent 2 Heading Page Introduction................................................................................................................... 5 Background...................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Fluorescent Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Microscopy for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis
    Fluorescent light-emitting diode (LED) microscopy for diagnosis of tuberculosis —Policy statement— March 2010 Contents Abbreviations Executive summary 1. Background 2. Evidence for policy formulation 2.1 Synthesis of evidence 2.2 Management of declarations of interest 3. Summary of results 4. Policy recommendations 5. Intended audience References Abbreviations CI confidence interval GRADE grades of recommendation assessment, development and evaluation LED light-emitting diode STAG-TB Strategic and Technical Advisory Group for Tuberculosis TB tuberculosis WHO World Health Organization Executive summary Conventional light microscopy of Ziehl-Neelsen-stained smears prepared directly from sputum specimens is the most widely available test for diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in resource-limited settings. Ziehl-Neelsen microscopy is highly specific, but its sensitivity is variable (20–80%) and is significantly reduced in patients with extrapulmonary TB and in HIV-infected TB patients. Conventional fluorescence microscopy is more sensitive than Ziehl-Neelsen and takes less time, but its use has been limited by the high cost of mercury vapour light sources, the need for regular maintenance and the requirement for a dark room. Light-emitting diodes (LED) have been developed to offer the benefits of fluorescence microscopy without the associated costs. In 2009, the evidence for the efficacy of LED microscopy was assessed by the World Health Organization (WHO), on the basis of standards appropriate for evaluating both the accuracy and the effect of new TB diagnostics on patients and public health. The results showed that the accuracy of LED microscopy was equivalent to that of international reference standards, it was more sensitive than conventional Ziehl-Neelsen microscopy and it had qualitative, operational and cost advantages over both conventional fluorescence and Ziehl- Neelsen microscopy.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction 1
    1 1 Introduction . ex arte calcinati, et illuminato aeri [ . properly calcinated, and illuminated seu solis radiis, seu fl ammae either by sunlight or fl ames, they conceive fulgoribus expositi, lucem inde sine light from themselves without heat; . ] calore concipiunt in sese; . Licetus, 1640 (about the Bologna stone) 1.1 What Is Luminescence? The word luminescence, which comes from the Latin (lumen = light) was fi rst introduced as luminescenz by the physicist and science historian Eilhardt Wiede- mann in 1888, to describe “ all those phenomena of light which are not solely conditioned by the rise in temperature,” as opposed to incandescence. Lumines- cence is often considered as cold light whereas incandescence is hot light. Luminescence is more precisely defi ned as follows: spontaneous emission of radia- tion from an electronically excited species or from a vibrationally excited species not in thermal equilibrium with its environment. 1) The various types of lumines- cence are classifi ed according to the mode of excitation (see Table 1.1 ). Luminescent compounds can be of very different kinds: • Organic compounds : aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, anthracene, phenan- threne, pyrene, perylene, porphyrins, phtalocyanins, etc.) and derivatives, dyes (fl uorescein, rhodamines, coumarins, oxazines), polyenes, diphenylpolyenes, some amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine), etc. + 3 + 3 + • Inorganic compounds : uranyl ion (UO 2 ), lanthanide ions (e.g., Eu , Tb ), doped glasses (e.g., with Nd, Mn, Ce, Sn, Cu, Ag), crystals (ZnS, CdS, ZnSe, CdSe, 3 + GaS, GaP, Al 2 O3 /Cr (ruby)), semiconductor nanocrystals (e.g., CdSe), metal clusters, carbon nanotubes and some fullerenes, etc. 1) Braslavsky , S. et al . ( 2007 ) Glossary of terms used in photochemistry , Pure Appl.
    [Show full text]
  • Industrial Lighting a Primer
    Industrial Lighting A Primer All through history people have sought better ways to illuminate their work. Even the cavemen needed torches to allow them to draw on the walls of their underground caverns. Fire brought both light and heat for thousands of years before crude lamps of animal fat gave way to the candle for general indoor illumination used around the world. Roman Grease Lamp An offshoot of the common candlestick became what we now call the Lacemakers Globe. This quite possibly could qualify as the world’s first industrial light source! It was observed that when a candle flame was aligned behind a rounded glass bottle filled with water, a magnifying and focusing effect was produced, in addition to simply lighting up a small area. This was high technology of the first order! No longer did the lacemaker have to pack it in when the sun went down, for soon the new Lacemaker’s Globe became fairly common in European Cottage Industry, enabling the production of lace at a greater rate than ever before. It is also not too much of a stretch to conclude that the repetitive patterns of the lacemaker could be looked upon as a forerunner to the theory of mass production, along with the pin makers who toiled away in the ‘second tier’ of the feeble light pool cast by the globe, hammering heads onto straightened bits of wire in order to make the common pin. This was mighty slim pickings by today’s standards to be sure, but just a few hundred years ago it represented a revolutionary increase in handiwork production after the sun went down, for the very first time in history.
    [Show full text]
  • !History of Lightingv2.Qxd
    CONTENTS Introduction 3 The role of lighting in modern society 3 1. The oldest light sources 4 Before the advent of the lamp 4 The oldest lamps 4 Candles and torches 5 Further development of the oil lamp 6 2. Gaslight 9 Introduction 9 Early history 9 Gas production 10 Gaslight burners 10 The gas mantle 11 3. Electric lighting before the incandescent lamp 14 Introduction 14 Principle of the arc lamp 15 Further development of the arc lamp 16 Applications of the arc lamp 17 4. The incandescent lamp 20 The forerunners 20 The birth of the carbon-filament lamp 22 Further development of the carbon-filament lamp 25 Early metal-filament lamps 27 The Nernst lamp 28 The birth of the tungsten-filament lamp 29 Drawn tungsten filaments 30 Coiled filaments 30 The halogen incandescent lamp 31 5. Discharge lamps 32 Introduction 32 The beginning 32 High-voltage lamps 33 Early low-pressure mercury lamps 34 The fluorescent lamp 35 High-pressure mercury lamps 36 Sodium lamps 37 The xenon lamp 38 6. Electricity production and distribution 39 Introduction 39 Influence machines and batteries 39 Magneto-electric generators 40 Self-exciting generators 41 The oldest public electricity supply systems 41 The battle of systems 42 The advent of modern a.c. networks 43 The History of Light and Lighting While the lighting industry is generally recognized as being born in 1879 with the introduction of Thomas Alva Edison’s incandescent light bulb, the real story of light begins thousands of years earlier. This brochure was developed to provide an extensive look at one of the most important inventions in mankind’s history: artificial lighting.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterisation of a Deep-Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diode Emission Pattern Via Fluorescence
    Characterisation of a deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diode emission pattern via fluorescence Mollie McFarlane* and Gail McConnell1 *[email protected] 1Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, SUPA, Glasgow, U.K. November 2019 Abstract Recent advances in LED technology have allowed the development of high-brightness deep- UV LEDs with potential applications in water purification, gas sensing and as excitation sources in fluorescence microscopy. The emission pattern of an LED is the angular distribution of emission intensity and can be mathematically modelled or measured using a camera, although a general model is difficult to obtain and most CMOS and CCD cameras have low sensitivity in the deep-UV. We report a fluorescence-based method to determine the emission pattern of a deep-UV LED, achieved by converting 280 nm radiation into visible light via fluorescence such that it can be detected by a standard CMOS camera. We find that the emission pattern of the LED is consistent with the Lambertian trend typically obtained in planar LED packages to an accuracy of 99.6%. We also demonstrate the ability of the technique to distinguish between LED packaging types. arXiv:1911.11669v1 [physics.ins-det] 26 Nov 2019 1 1 Introduction Recent developments in light-emitting diode (LED) technology have produced deep-ultraviolet alu- minium gallium nitride (AlGaN) LEDs with wavelengths ranging between 220-280 nm emitting in the 100 mW range [1]. These LEDs have applications in sterilisation, water purification [2] and gas-sensing [3]. Deep-UV LEDs also have potential applications as excitation sources in fluorescence microscopy. In particular, 280 nm LEDs have an electroluminescence spectrum which overlaps well with the excitation spectrum of many fluorophores including semiconductor quantum dots, aromatic amino acids tryptophan and tyrosine [4] and even standard dyes such as eosin, rhodamine and DAPI [5] [6].
    [Show full text]
  • Humphry Davy and the Arc Light
    REMAKING HISTORY By William Gurstelle Humphry Davy and the Arc Light » Thomas Edison did not invent the first electric BRILLIANT light.* More than 70 years before Edison’s 1879 MISTAKES: Humphry Davy, incandescent lamp patent, the English scientist chemist, inventor, Humphry Davy developed a technique for produc- and philosopher: ing controlled light from electricity. “I have learned Sir Humphry Davy (1778–1829) was one of the more from my failures than from giants of 19th-century science. A fellow of the my successes.” prestigious Royal Society, Davy is credited with discovering, and first isolating, elemental sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, boron, barium, and strontium. A pioneer in electrochemistry, he appeared between the electrode tips, Davy had to also developed the first medical use of nitrous oxide separate the carbon electrodes slightly and care- and invented the miner’s safety lamp. The safety fully in order to sustain the continuous, bright arc lamp alone is directly responsible for saving of electricity. Once that was accomplished, he found hundreds, if not thousands, of miners’ lives. the device could sustain the arc for long periods, But it is his invention of the arc lamp for which we even as the carbon rods were consumed in the heat remember him here. Davy’s artificial electric light of the process. consisted of two carbon rods, made from wood Davy’s arc lamp of 1807 was not economically charcoal, connected to the terminals of an enormous practical until the cost of producing a 50V-or-so collection of voltaic cells. (In Davy’s day, thousands power supply became reasonable.
    [Show full text]
  • High Performance Flash and Arc Lamps Catalog
    Europe: Saxon Way, Bar Hill, Cambridge, CB3 8SL Tel: +44 (0)1954 782266 Fax: +44 (0)1954 782993 USA: 44370 Christy St., Freemont, CA 94538, USA Tel: (800) 775-OPTO Tel: (510) 979-6500 Fax: (510) 687-1344 USA: 35 Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970, USA Tel: (978) 745-3200 Fax: (978) 745-0894 Asia: 47 Ayer Rajah Cresent, 06-12, Singapore 139947 Tel: +65-775-2022 Fax: +65-775-1008 Japan: 18F, Parale Mitsui Building 8, Higashida-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 210-0005 Japan Tel: 81 44 200 9150 Fax: 81 44 200 9160 www.perkinelmer.com/opto Optoelectronics Lighting Imaging Telecom High Performance Flash and Arc Lamps Lighting Imaging Teleco m Introduction This publication is divided into two sections: Past, Present and Future Part 1 – Technical Information Solid state laser systems have historically used pulsed and CW (DC) xenon or krypton filled arc lamps as exci- Part 2 – Product Range tation for pump sources. When in 1960, at Hughes Research Labs, the first practical pulsed laser system Part 1 is intended to give the necessary technical infor- was demonstrated by mation to manufacturers, designers and researchers to T. H. Maiman the technology and understanding enable them to select the correct flashlamp for their involved in the manufacture and operation of application and also to give an insight into the design flashlamps was of a very basic nature. Up to procedures necessary for correct flashlamp operation. that time (1960) the major use of flashlamps was pho- Part 2 is a guide to the wide, varied and complex range tography and related applications.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Electric Light
    SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 76. NUMBER 2 HISTORY OF ELECTRIC LIGHT BY HENRY SGHROEDER Harrison, New Jersey PER\ ^"^^3^ /ORB (Publication 2717) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION AUGUST 15, 1923 Zrtie Boxb QSaftitnore (prcee BALTIMORE, MD., U. S. A. CONTENTS PAGE List of Illustrations v Foreword ix Chronology of Electric Light xi Early Records of Electricity and Magnetism i Machines Generating Electricity by Friction 2 The Leyden Jar 3 Electricity Generated by Chemical Means 3 Improvement of Volta's Battery 5 Davy's Discoveries 5 Researches of Oersted, Ampere, Schweigger and Sturgeon 6 Ohm's Law 7 Invention of the Dynamo 7 Daniell's Battery 10 Grove's Battery 11 Grove's Demonstration of Incandescent Lighting 12 Grenet Battery 13 De Moleyns' Incandescent Lamp 13 Early Developments of the Arc Lamp 14 Joule's Law 16 Starr's Incandescent Lamp 17 Other Early Incandescent Lamps 19 Further Arc Lamp Developments 20 Development of the Dynamo, 1840-1860 24 The First Commercial Installation of an Electric Light 25 Further Dynamo Developments 27 Russian Incandescent Lamp Inventors 30 The Jablochkofif " Candle " 31 Commercial Introduction of the Differentially Controlled Arc Lamp ^3 Arc Lighting in the United States 3;^ Other American Arc Light Systems 40 " Sub-Dividing the Electric Light " 42 Edison's Invention of a Practical Incandescent Lamp 43 Edison's Three-Wire System 53 Development of the Alternating Current Constant Potential System 54 Incandescent Lamp Developments, 1884-1894 56 The Edison " Municipal
    [Show full text]
  • Miniature and Low Wattage HID Lamps?
    Miniature HID Lamps? Page 1 of 4 Miniature and Low Wattage HID Lamps? I know that some of us want a more energy efficient flashlight or a more energy efficient bicycle headlight or the like. And some of us wonder why commercial products to satisfy those desires aren't out there? As for flashing a xenon strobe rapidly with low energy flashes - there is a bit of a problem. Performance of xenon flashtubes largely gets better with higher flash energy and worse with lower flash energy. If the energy is high enough to give satisfactory improvement of energy efficiency over halogen lamps, any economical flashtube including all made of glass as opposed to quartz will not survive such flashing repeated rapidly enough to appear to glow continuously. NOTE - It takes 50-60 flashes per second to avoid flicker! Movies avoid flicker at 24 frames/second by having the "on" fraction of each cycle being about 80 percent of the cycle as opposed to the fraction of 1 percent that a fast xenon strobe would have. (NOTE - someone tells me that movie projectors "blink" twice per frame for 48 "blinks" per second, and this may well be true for just some projectors.) You need the off time to be under 20 or preferably under about 16 milliseconds to make the light appear continuous. Further discussion of this is in a separate file on making xenon glow continuously. Now back to miniature HID lamps: One obstacle is the thermal conduction loss from the arc. This is surprisingly proportional to the overall length of the arc and surprisingly independent of the width of the arc or the gas/vapor pressure or the power.
    [Show full text]
  • Exterior Lighting Guide for Federal Agencies
    EXTERIOR LIGHTING GUIDE FOR FederAL AgenCieS SPONSORS TABLE OF CONTENTS The U.S. Department of Energy, the Federal Energy Management Program, page 02 INTRODUctiON page 44 EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), and the California Lighting Plasma Lighting page 04 REASONS FOR OUTDOOR Technology Center (CLTC) at the University of California, Davis helped fund and Networked Lighting LiGHtiNG RETROFitS create the Exterior Lighting Guide for Federal Agencies. Photovoltaic (PV) Lighting & Systems Energy Savings LBNL conducts extensive scientific research that impacts the national economy at Lowered Maintenance Costs page 48 EXTERIOR LiGHtiNG RETROFit & $1.6 billion a year. The Lab has created 12,000 jobs nationally and saved billions of Improved Visual Environment DESIGN BEST PRActicES dollars with its energy-efficient technologies. Appropriate Safety Measures New Lighting System Design Reduced Lighting Pollution & Light Trespass Lighting System Retrofit CLTC is a research, development, and demonstration facility whose mission is Lighting Design & Retrofit Elements page 14 EVALUAtiNG THE CURRENT to stimulate, facilitate, and accelerate the development and commercialization of Structure Lighting LIGHtiNG SYSTEM energy-efficient lighting and daylighting technologies. This is accomplished through Softscape Lighting Lighting Evaluation Basics technology development and demonstrations, as well as offering outreach and Hardscape Lighting Conducting a Lighting Audit education activities in partnership with utilities, lighting
    [Show full text]