Women Members of the Queensland Parliament
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Women Members of the Queensland Parliament 1929 - 1994 by John McCulloch B.A.(Hons.), M.A., Grad.Dip.Lib.Sc., ALIA., AAIM. Senior Parliamentary Research Officer Produced and edited by Publications and Resources Section Queensland Parliamentary Library BRISBANE June 1994 ISBN: 7242 5877 9 CONTENTS Preface . .i Introduction . .1 LONGMAN, Irene Maud 1929-32 . 9 JORDAN, Ellen Vilet 1966-74 . 21 KIPPIN, Victoria Ann 1974-80 . 31 KYBURZ, Rosemary Annette 1974-83 . 41 NELSON, Beryce Ann 1980-83- and 1986-89 . 52 CHAPMAN, Yvonne Ann 1983-89 . 62 HARVEY, Leisha Teresa 1983-89 . 72 WARNER, Anne Marie 1983- . 79 McCAULEY, Diane Elizabeth 1986- . 92 GAMIN, Judtih Margaret 1988-89 and 1992- . 102 BIRD, Lorraine Rita 1989- . 111 CLARK, Lesley Ann 1989- . 120 EDMOND, Wendy Marjorie 1989- . 128 POWER, Laurel Jean 1989- . 135 ROBSON, Molly Jess 1989- . 143 SPENCE, Judith Caroline 1989- . 152 WOODGATE, Margaret Rosemary 1989- . 159 SHELDON, Joan Mary 1990- . 167 ROSE, Merri 1992- . 177 SIMPSON, Fiona Stuart 1992- . 181 Bibliography . 186 Appendices A Parliamentary Achievements . 188 B Parliamentary and persona statistics . 192 C Election statistics . 194 D Women members with local governmetn background . 197 E Unsuccessful women candidates for the Queensland . 198 F Women in other Australian parliametns – Chronoligical . 206 PREFACE In 1894, the South Australian Parliament passed legislation to permit women to vote and to stand as candidates for Parliament in that legislature. This year, 1994, is the centenary of that milestone in Australian electoral history. This publication commemorates this centenary and in particular the achievements of women Members of the Queensland Parliament. It has been designed as an historical source book for the twenty women who have been Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly (no women were ever Members of the Queensland Legislative Council, which was abolished in 1922) to the present time. It lists their biographical details, parliamentary careers, and allows them to express their views on a multiplicity of topics by way of their own parliamentary speeches. A separate chapter is devoted to each of the women and is divided into four sections: biographical; parliamentary career; selected speeches; and index to parliamentary speeches. The six appendices provide further information including summaries of parliamentary achievements; parliamentary, personal and election statistics; those women who have a local government background; a list of women who stood unsuccessfully for parliament, and statistics of women in other parliaments in Australia. This last appendix which lists women in all Australian parliaments, has been included for comparative purposes and is comprehensive but does not claim to be exhaustive. Most of the eighteen surviving women have been interviewed in person or by telephone by the author John McCulloch, and have provided valuable biographical information not otherwise available from traditional sources like the Queensland Parliamentary Handbook and Waterson's Biographical Register of the Queensland Parliament. With respect to the other two women, the publication is indebted, in the case of Vi Jordan, to her son Mr Keith Jordan and Senator Margaret Reynolds, and in Irene Longman's case, to the Oxley Library and the library of the Courier Mail newspaper, for providing material. Many thanks go to Karen Sampford and JaCinta O'Connor for their assistance in editing and preparing the final document. Mary Seefried Director Publications and Resources Section June 1994 1 Women Members of the Queensland Parliament Introduction INTRODUCTION Women gained the right to vote in Australia comparatively easily compared with Britain and the United States. This was partly due to the lack of clear party divisions prior to Federation which made it much easier for women to unite under the common theme of universal suffrage. The female suffrage campaigns in the Australian colonies in the 1880s and 1890s achieved their first success in South Australia, after six failed attempts from 1886-1893, with the passage of the Constitution Amendment Act 1894 which gave women the right to vote and the right to sit in the parliament of that State.1 It is hardly surprising that South Australia was first in this regard bearing in mind that it had already led the way in allowing women to vote in local government elections (Municipal Corporations Act 1861), and in giving married women legal ownership of property and income (Married Women's Property Act 1883-84). Prior to the passing of the latter, single women were legally subject to their fathers until they married, and then legally subject to their husbands who owned their inherited property, their income and their children.2 However, another thirty years elapsed before all the other States had extended the same rights. They had all granted women's suffrage by 1908, but apart from South Australia and the Commonwealth, none of them granted women the right to be elected to parliament at the same 3 time. In most cases this right was not granted for another fifteen to twenty years. WOMEN'S ELECTORAL RIGHTS IN AUSTRALIA PARL'T RIGHT TO RIGHT TO SIT FIRST WOMAN ELECTED FIRST WOMAN ELECTED VOTE LOWER HOUSE UPPER HOUSE Federal 1902a 1902a 1943 1943 SA 1894 1894 1959 1959 WA 1899 1920 1921 1954 NSW 1902 1918 1925 1931b Tas. 1903 1921 1955 1948 Qld. 1905 1915 1929 n/a Vic. 1908 1923 1933 1979 Note a Women in SA and WA were entitled to vote and to stand from 1901. Aboriginal women were not enfranchised on a national basis until 1962. b Two women were appointed in 1931 but the first woman to be elected was in 1952. 1. Finnimore, Christine, "How a parliament of men gave the vote to women", State History Centre Research Paper No.3, State history Centre, Adelaide, 1993, p.1 2. Finnimore, Christine, It happened here: votes for South Australian women, State History Centre, Adelaide, 1993, p.1. 3.Sawer, Marian, and Simm, Marian, A woman's place: women and politics in Australia, Allen & Unwin, St Leoonards, NSW, 1993, p.6. Women Members of the Queensland Parliament Introduction The Australian Commonwealth Act of 1900 gave the Federal franchise to all persons (including aborigines) allowed to vote for the Lower House in each State at that time, and the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1902/Commonwealth Franchise Act 1902 extended this to include women in the rest of Australia. WOMEN'S ELECTORAL RIGHTS - SELECTED COUNTRIES COUNTRY RIGHT TO VOTE RIGHT TO SIT FIRST WOMEN ELECTED New Zealand 1893 1919 1933 Australia 1902 1902 1943 Finland 1906 1906 1907 Norway 1907/1913 1907/1913 1936 Denmark 1915 1915 1918 USSR 1915 - - United Kingdom 1918/1928* 1918 1918 Germany 1918 1918 1919 Czechoslovakia 1918 1918 1920 Netherlands 1919 1917 1918 Austria 1919 1919 1919 Canada 1919 1919 1921 United States 1920 - - France 1940 - - Italy 1945 - - * The UK did not grant all women over 21 the vote until 1928. In South Australia, New South Wales, Tasmania and Victoria, Aboriginal women were given the right to vote for their State legislatures at the same time as other women were given this right. However, in Queensland and Western Australia, legislation specifically excluded aborigines (including aboriginal women) from voting for their State legislatures.4 In those states where aborigines technically had the federal franchise, they were often discouraged from voting, however, and the situation was not resolved until the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1949 confirmed that all aborigines who were entitled to vote for their State Lower House or had been a member of the Defence Force, were entitled to vote in Federal elections.5 The Commonwealth Electoral Act 1962 extended the federal franchise to all other aborigines in 4.Stretton, Pat, and Finnimore, Christine, "How South Australian Aborigines lost the vote:some side effects of federation", State History Centre Research Paper No.1, State History Centre, Adelaide, 1991, p.1. Specifically in Queensland Part II s. 7.2 (e) of the Elections Act of 1874 excluded aborigines unless they owned freehold property and Part III s.11 of the Elections Act 1915 excluded all aborigines from the franchise. 5.ibid. Women Members of the Queensland Parliament Introduction Australia (ie in Queensland, Western Australia and the Northern Territory). The Queensland and 6 Western Australian governments extended their State vote to aborigines soon afterwards. THE QUEENSLAND STORY During the 1890s the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) was very active in arguing the case for women's voting rights, even arguing that women's participation might elevate the tone of public life.7 In Queensland the WCTU had campaigned for women's suffrage but was superseded after 1894 by the Women's Equal Suffrage League (WESL) which had been formed in that year by Emma Miller, Brisbane's first women's trade union organiser.8 In 1903 the Queensland Women's Electoral League (QWEL) was formed and like WESL campaigned vigorously for women's suffrage. Unlike WESL which was supported by the Labour Party, QWEL received funding from the non-Labour parties. Two years after the formation of QWEL, the Electoral Franchise Bill to give women in Queensland the right to vote was introduced into the Legislative Assembly on 5 January 1905. The Elections Acts Amendment Bill to provide the necessary machinery was introduced at the same time. The basic thrust of both Bills was encompassed in the latter Bill when the former failed to return from the Legislative Council after it had passed the third reading in the Legislative Assembly.