DOCSLIB.ORG

Giant Anteater, Myrmecophaga Tridactyla

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Giant Anteater, Myrmecophaga Tridactyla Giant anteater, Myrmecophaga tridactyla Compiler: Vinicius Alberici Contributors: Arnaud L.J. Desbiez, Adriano G. Chiarello, Davi Teles. Suggested citation: Alberici, V. et al. (2020). Survival Blueprint for the conservation of the giant anteater, Myrmecophaga tridactyla, in the Brazilian Cerrado. An output from the Anteaters & Highways Project, Brazil, and EDGE of Existence fellowship, Zoological Society of London, London, UK. 1. STATUS REVIEW 1.1 Taxonomy: Class: Mammalia Order: Pilosa Suborder: Vermilingua Family: Myrmecophagidae Genus: Myrmecophaga Species: Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758 There are three sub-species recognized by Gardner (2007): Myrmecophaga tridactyla artata Osgood, 1912 Myrmecophaga tridactyla centralis Lyon, 1906 Myrmecophaga tridactyla tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758 Common name(s): Giant Anteater (English) Oso Hormiguero (Spanish) Tamanduá-bandeira (Portuguese) 1.2 Distribution and population status: 1.2.1 Global distribution: The giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) is endemic to the Neotropical region, occurring throughout South and Central America, but absent from North America (Wetzel 1985; Emmons and Feer 1997; Einsenberg and Redord 1999; Gardner 2005). According to Shaw and McDonald (1987), the species was more widely distributed in the early Pleistocene – a fossil found in Sonora (Mexico) indicates that the giant anteater participated in the Great American Exchange, after the formation of the Isthmus of Panama, which allowed the migration of numerous species between North and South America, previously isolated. Subsequently, there was a reduction in the species’ range, probably due to climate and habitat changes associated with the retraction of glaciers (McCain, 2001). Currently, records of giant anteaters in Central America are historical, rare, or anecdotal and it is more likely that the species is extinct from most of its original extent. While occurring throughout most part of South America, the giant anteater has also been suffering from local extinctions, especially in the southern limits of its range. Population estimate Population trend Country Distribution Notes (plus references) (plus references) There is a successful reintroduction program Formosa, in Iberá Natural Jujuy, Misiones, Salta, Reserve, in Corrientes Possibly extinct in Santa Fé, Santiago del (Di Blanco et al 2015) Chaco, Córdoba, Argentina Estero, Tucumán (Miranda Decreasing Corrientes, Entre Ríos et al 2014); Mostly open See also: Jimeno, (Miranda et al 2014) areas, but also found in Amaya (2009); forests (Gallo et al 2017) Fonseca, Aguiar (2004); Bauni et al (2013) Possibly extinct Belize - - - (Miranda et al 2014) Pando, Beni, northern Cochabamba, Santa Cruz and eastern Tarija and probably eastern Chuquisaca (Anderson 1997), Chiquitano forests, Pantanal (Brooks et al 2001), Chiquitan and Bolivia Unknown Decreasing - Chaco transition zones (Koysdar et al 2014), Noël Kempff National Park (Emmons et al 2014), Gran Chacho Kaa-Iya National Park in Santa Cruz, Madidi National Park in La Paz (Quiroga et al 2016) Acre, Alagoas, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso Possibly extinct in do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Espírito Santo, Rio de Paraíba, Paraná, Brazil Janeiro, Rio Grande Decreasing - Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio do Sul, Santa Catarina Grande do Norte, (Miranda et al 2014) Rondônia, Roraima, São Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins (Miranda et al 2014) Mainland (Miranda et al Figel et al (2015) 2014), mainly present in documented an the east of Andes expansion of c. 430 (Orinoquía and Amazonia km in the species’ regions), but also in the distribution limits, Colombia Unknown Caribe, Pacífica and Decreasing including populations Andina regions (Sandoval- that inhabit the Gomez et al 2012; López et Magdalena river al 2013; Rojano-Bolaño et valley, between the al 2015; Pacheco et al central and eastern 2017) Andes Sighting reports are from the late 1970s and early 1980s, all in Mainland (Miranda et al protected and forested 2014); Corcovado National areas (Timm et al Park, Rincón de La Vieja Costa Rica Unknown Decreasing 2009). Martínez et al National Park, La Selva (2017) documents that Biological Station (Timm et the species was never al 2009) common in the country, with isolated records Mainland (Miranda et al Ecuador Unknown 2014); Yasuni Biosphere Decreasing - Reserve (Blake et al 2012) Not included in the Possibly extinct latest checklist of land El Salvador - - (Miranda et al 2014) mammals (Owen, Girón 2012). Paracou Research Station in Cayenne (Voss et al French Unknown 2001); forested areas in Decreasing - Guiana Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni (De Thoisy et al 2008) Possibly extinct Guatemala - - - (Miranda et al 2014) Rupununi river region Guiana Unknown Decreasing - (Fragoso et al 2016) First known record is Mainland (Miranda et al from 1996, when an 2014); Río Plátano adult giant anteater Biosphere Reserve (RBRP) was captured by (McCain, 2011; Gonthier, Honduras Unknown Decreasing Miskitos in RBRP to Castañeda, 2013; Martinez be sold in Asia, but et al 2020), Colón, Gracias then was released a Dios, Olancho (Reyes et back into the wild al 2010) (McCain 2001) Miskito people do not Mainland (Miranda et al consume giant 2014); Forests (Genoways, anteaters, but some Nicaragua Unknown Timm 2003); Bosawas Decreasing animals are killed Biosphere Reserve (Koster because they et al 2008) represent a threat to domestic hunting dogs Although it is present in Goldman’s Mammals of Panama (1920), the giant Panama Unknown Unknow Decreasing anteater was considered rare by Handley’s checklist (1966) Historically, the giant anteater was present throughout the country, but according to Smith (2007), it has suffered local extinctions due to Chaco and Pantanal Paraguay Unknown Decreasing hunting pressure regions (Smith 2007) mainly in the east. Abba and Vizcaíno (2008) list eight specimens in Paraguay, but all of them with imprecise locations Amazon region (Grimwood 1968); Tambopata (Naughton-Treves et al 2003); Manu Biosphere Peru Unknown Reserve, Madre de Dios Decreasing - (Boddicker & Amanzo 2002); San Martin and Amazonas (Allgas et al 2015) Kwamalasamutu region See Husson (1978) Suriname Unknown Decreasing (Gajapersad et al 2012) First record is from late 1990s, in Cerro Largo, followed by others in Rivera and Tacuarembó, all in the Possibly extinct Uruguay - - north of the country. It (Miranda et al 2014) is now considered extinct (Fallabrino, Castiñeira 2006). See also: Ameneiros et al (2015) See Allen (1904) and Mainland (Miranda et al Venezuela Unknown Decreasing Montgomery and 2014); Llanos Lubin (1977) Figure 1. Global distribution of the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), according to the latest assessment by IUCN (Miranda et al 2014). Figure 2. Presence records (in red) of the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) throughout Central and South America (Santos et al 2019). 1.2.2 Local distribution: Although historically the giant anteater occurred in all Brazilian biomes (Paglia et al., 2012), today the taxon is considered possibly extinct in the Pampas and almost extinct in the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga (Miranda et al 2015). Although relatively stable in the Pantanal and Amazon, their population has been drastically reduced in the Cerrado, one of the strongholds for giant anteaters. Figure 3. Local distribution of the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) in Brazil (Miranda et al 2015). The table below indicate some strictly protected areas (IUCN categories I-III) in the Brazilian states within the Cerrado, where the presence of the giant anteater has been confirmed. It is important to note, however, that the species is also present outside protected areas, where information about its occurrence and abundance is very scarce. Country Region / Population Site Level of Protection Reference(s) Notes /Region province size Boqueirão da Onça, Chapada Diamantina National Park, Campos et al Brazil / Grande Sertao Strictly protected areas 2019; Dias et Bahia Unknown Cerrado Veredas (IUCN categories I-III) al 2019 National Park, Serra das Confusões National Park Diniz, Brito Distrito Brasilia National Strictly protected area 2013; Unknown Federal Park (IUCN category III) Lacerda et al 2009. Bechara et al., 2002; Collevatti et Density of 0.2 al., 2007; ind. / km² Emas National Redford, (Miranda et al Park, Chapada Strictly protected area 1985; Silveira 2006) and 0.64 Goiás Unknown dos Veadeiros (IUCN category III) et al., 1999; ind. / km² National Park Silveira et al, (Silveira et al 2003; Vynne 1999) in Emas et al., 2009; National Park Zimbres et al., 2012. Gurupi Biological Reserve, Elildo Chapada das Strictly protected area Carvalho- Maranhão Mesas National Unknown (IUCN category I-III) Junior 2015 Park, Pers. Comm. Nascentes do Rio Parnaíba National Park Rio das Mortes Xavante Leeuwenberg Mato Reserve, Strictly protected area 1997; Prada, Unknown Grosso Chapada dos (IUCN category I-III) Marinho- Guimarães Filho 2004. National Park Nascimento, Campos 2011; Emas National Rodrigues et Mato Park, Serra da Strictly protected area al 2002; Grosso Unknown Bodoquena (IUCN category III) Anteaters do Sul National Park, and Highways Project; Ascensão 2017; 2019 Serra da Canastra National Park, Schneider et Grande Sertão Density of 1-2 al 2000; Veredas ind./km² for Shaw et al Minas National Park, Strictly protected area Serra da Unknown 1987; Young, Gerais Sempre-Vivas (IUCN category I-III) Canastra Coelho 2003; National Park, National Park Nascimento, Rio Preto State (Saw et al Campos Park, Veredas
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tabbitha Schliesman Tolypeutes Matacus Southern Three-Banded Armadillo
    Tabbitha Schliesman Tolypeutes matacus Southern Three-banded Armadillo Description: The Southern Three-Banded Armadillo, Tolypeutes matacus, is a small creature, about 10- 15 cm tall, 21 – 30 cm long(Eisenburg & Redford, 1999), and 1.00 to 1.59 kg in weight (EOL, 2014). The outer shell of the Southern Three-Banded Armadillo ranges from light brownish-yellow to blackish-brown in coloring. This armadillo is comprised of three parts: a head, body, and an immobile, stout tail that are heavily armored with a leathery, think shell(Ellis, 1999). This leathery armor covers the entire animal, except for the belly and ears, when walking and/or standing. The skin of the front and rear portions of the Southern Three-Banded Armadillo are not attached to the middle section, allowing the animal to roll into a tight ball(EOL, 2014). Other features that make the Southern Three-Banded Southern Three Banded-Armadillo, Tolypeutes Armadillo distinct are the third and fourth claws of matacus, (Smith, 2007). the hind feet that look like hooves, while the front feet have only three sharp powerful claws(Superina, 2009). Southern Three-Banded Armadillos have a long pink tongue that is usually sticky. Their heads are long, and are unique to each armadillo; like humans’ fingerprints, researchers have used their head patterns while tracking them to identify which individual armadillo they are researching(HZ, 2011). Ecology: Southern Three-Banded Armadillos are native to north central Argentina, east central Bolivia and multiple sections of Paraguay and south west Brazil. The Southern Three-Banded Armadillo is found mainly in scrub forests and savannahs in these sections of South America.
    [Show full text]
  • Dietary Specialization and Variation in Two Mammalian Myrmecophages (Variation in Mammalian Myrmecophagy)
    Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 59: 201-208, 1986 Dietary specialization and variation in two mammalian myrmecophages (variation in mammalian myrmecophagy) Especializaci6n dietaria y variaci6n en dos mamiferos mirmec6fagos (variaci6n en la mirmecofagia de mamiferos) KENT H. REDFORD Center for Latin American Studies, Grinter Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA ABSTRACT This paper compares dietary variation in an opportunistic myrmecophage, Dasypus novemcinctus, and an obligate myrmecophage, Myrmecophaga tridactyla. The diet of the common long-nosed armadillo, D. novemcintus, consists of a broad range of invertebrate as well as vertebrates and plant material. In the United States, ants and termites are less important as a food source than they are in South America. The diet of the giant anteater. M. tridactyla, consists almost entirely of ants and termites. In some areas giant anteaters consume more ants whereas in others termites are a larger part of their diet. Much of the variation in the diet of these two myrmecophages can be explained by geographical and ecological variation in the abundance of prey. However, some variation may be due to individual differences as well. Key words: Dasypus novemcinctus, Myrmecophaga tridactyla, Tamandua, food habits. armadillo, giant anteater, ants, termites. RESUMEN En este trabajo se compara la variacion dietaria entre un mirmecofago oportunista, Dasypus novemcinctus, y uno obligado, Myrmecophaga tridactyla. La dieta del armadillo comun, D. novemcinctus, incluye un amplio rango de in- vertebrados así como vertebrados y materia vegetal. En los Estados Unidos, hormigas y termites son menos importantes como recurso alimenticio de los armadillos, de lo que son en Sudamérica. La dieta del hormiguero gigante, M tridactyla, está compuesta casi enteramente por hormigas y termites.
    [Show full text]
  • Distinguishing Quaternary Glyptodontine Cingulates in South America: How Informative Are Juvenile Specimens?
    Distinguishing Quaternary glyptodontine cingulates in South America: How informative are juvenile specimens? CARLOS A. LUNA, IGNACIO A. CERDA, ALFREDO E. ZURITA, ROMINA GONZALEZ, M. CECILIA PRIETO, DIMILA MOTHÉ, and LEONARDO S. AVILLA Luna, C.A., Cerda, I.A., Zurita, A.E., Gonzalez, R., Prieto, M.C., Mothé, D., and Avilla, L.S. 2018. Distinguishing Quaternary glyptodontine cingulates in South America: How informative are juvenile specimens? Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 63 (1): 159–170. The subfamily Glyptodontinae (Xenarthra, Cingulata) comprises one of the most frequently recorded glyptodontids in South America. Recently, the North American genus Glyptotherium was recorded in South America, in addition to the genus Glyptodon. It has been shown that both genera shared the same geographic distribution in central-north and eastern areas of South America (Venezuela and Brazil, respectively). Although some characters allow differentiation between adult specimens of both genera, the morphological distinction between these two genera is rather difficult in juvenile specimens. In this contribution, a detailed morphological, morphometric and histological survey of a juvenile specimen of Glyptodontinae recovered from the Late Pleistocene of northern Brazil is performed. The relative lower osteoderms thickness, the particular morphology of the annular and radial sulci and the distal osseous projections of the caudal osteoderms suggest that the specimen belongs to the genus Glyptotherium. In addition, the validity of some statistical tools to distinguish between different ontogenetic stages and in some cases between genera is verified. The osteoderm microstructure of this juvenile individual is characterized by being composed of a cancellous internal core surrounded by a compact bone cortex. Primary bone tissue mostly consists of highly vascularized, woven-fibered bone tissue.
    [Show full text]
  • Xenarthrans: 'Aliens'
    Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk XENARTHRANS: ‘ALIENS’ ON EARTH Author : JONATHAN CRACKNELL Categories : Vets Date : August 4, 2008 JONATHAN CRACKNELL finds that hanging around with sloths and their fellow Xenarthrans offers up exciting challenges XENARTHRANS: the name sounds like a race from a low-budget science fiction film. This is actually a super-order of mammals that get their name from their “alien” joint, which is exhibited in the vertebral joints. The Xenarthrans include 31 living species: six species of sloth, four anteaters and 21 species of armadillos – all of which originated in South America. Historically, these animals were classified within the order Edentata (meaning “without teeth”), which included pangolins and aardvarks. It was realised that this was a polyphyletic group, containing unrelated families. Therefore, the Xenarthra order was created. The Xenarthrans are a well-represented order in captivity, with banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) becoming one of the new “exotic” exotics to be presented to clinicians. In zoological collections, giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), southern tamanduas (Tamandua tetradactyla), and sloths (typically the southern two-toed sloth – Choloepus didactylus – although others are present) are among the more common species housed in captivity. Every species has its own needs and oddities. With this brief review of each species, the author will look at basic anatomy and physiology, along with a quick review of some of the more commonly reported complaints for this group of animals. 1 / 14 Giant anteater The giant anteater’s most obvious feature is its long tongue and bushy tail. They are approximately 1.5 to two metres long and weigh in the region of 18kg to 45kg.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction Recent Classifications Regard the Order Pilosa, Anteaters
    Introduction Recent classifications regard the order Pilosa, anteaters and sloths, and order Cingulata, the armadillos, within the superorder Xenarthra meaning “strange joints”. In the past, Pilosa and Cingulata wer regarded as suborders of the order Xenarthra, with the armadillos. Earlier still, both armadillos and pilosans were classified together with pangolins and the aardvark as the order Edentata meaning “toothless”. The orders Pilosa and Cingulata are distinguishable as the cingulatas have an armoured upper body and the pilosa have fur. Studies have concluded that sloths, anteaters, and armadillos diverged at least 75-80 million years ago and that they are as different from one another as are carnivores, bats and primates. The Pilosa are now considered almost exclusively a New World order, however, fossil records indicate that they were once found in Europe and possibly Asia. This order may have been distributed worldwide in the Cretaceous period, but became limited to South America and have remained there for most of their history and evolved into numerous groups. The Pilosa were once far more diverse than they are today; there are known to be 10 times as many fossil as living genera. The superorder is distinguished from all others by what are known as the xenarthrous vertebrae. There are secondary and sometimes even more, articulations between the vertebrae of the lumbar (lower back) series. In other words, consecutive vertebrae connect in more than one place. In addition, the pelvis connects with more of the spine than in other mammals. These adaptations to the spine give support, particularly to the hips. The name Xenarthra refers to this peculiarity of the spine and modem taxonomy places these three groups of animals together, even though they are very different from one another and they are highly specialized.
    [Show full text]
  • GIANT ANTEATER PILOSA Family: Myrmecophagidae Genus: Myrmecophaga
    GIANT ANTEATER PILOSA Family: Myrmecophagidae Genus: Myrmecophaga Species: tridactyla Range: Southern Mexico, Central America, South to Paraguay & Northern Argentina, & Trinidad Habitat: savanna, parkland, thorn Scrub, Steppe; montaine & tropical rainforest Niche: terrestrial, nocturnal, insectivorous Wild diet: ants, termites, and soft-bodied grubs Zoo diet: ant chow Life Span: (Wild) unknown (Captivity) 25 yrs 10 months recorded Sexual dimorphism: None Location in SF Zoo: Puente al Sur APPEARANCE & PHYSICAL ADAPTATIONS: Giant anteaters are quite distinctive, and are the largest of the anteaters. The snout is long (up to 45 cm in length) while the skull is streamlined with small eyes and ears. The tail is bushy and nearly as long as the body. These anteaters have thick coarse fur that is longer towards the tail (reaching up to 40 cm in length). Their coat is straw-like, brown with black and white stripes on the shoulders and a crest of hair along the middle of the back. Forelegs are white with black bands at the toes, while their hind feet have 5 short claws, and their forefeet have five claws with the inner three being very long and sharp. They shuffle while walking and move slowly but are capable of running quickly if necessary. Their weight is born on the Weight: 39.6 to 85.8 lbs knuckles and wrist to protect the claws. These front limbs provide HRL: 3.28 to 3.94 ft TL: 3.5 ft some defense against its natural predators, the puma and the jaguar. Giant anteaters have long, tubular snouts, well adapted for working its way into the anthills and termite nests it rips open with its large front claws.
    [Show full text]
  • Inspection Report
    PGLADUE United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service 2016082569255248 Insp_id Inspection Report Rhode Island Zoological Society Customer ID: 2245 1000 Elmwood Avenue Certificate: 15-C-0004 Providence, RI 02907 Site: 001 RHODE ISLAND ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Type: ROUTINE INSPECTION Date: 27-AUG-2018 There were no non-compliant items identified during the inspection. NOTE - Exit briefing held 8/27/18 on-site with facility representative. Report delivered by e-mail 8/28/18. *END OF REPORT* Prepared By: Date: GLADUE PAULA, V M D USDA, APHIS, Animal Care 28-AUG-2018 Title: VETERINARY MEDICAL OFFICER 1054 Received By: TIM FRENCH - DEPUTY DIRECTOR Date: Title: REPORT DELIVERED BY EMAIL 8/28/18 28-AUG-2018 Page 1 of 1 United States Department of Agriculture Customer: 2245 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Inspection Date: 27-AUG-18 Species Inspected Cust No Cert No Site Site Name Inspection 2245 15-C-0004 001 RHODE ISLAND ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 27-AUG-18 Count Scientific Name Common Name 000004 Acinonyx jubatus CHEETAH 000002 Ailurus fulgens RED PANDA 000002 Alouatta caraya BLACK HOWLER 000003 Ammotragus lervia BARBARY SHEEP 000004 Antilocapra americana PRONGHORN 000002 Arctictis binturong BINTURONG 000003 Artibeus jamaicensis JAMAICAN FRUIT-EATING BAT / JAMAICAN FRUIT BAT 000004 Atelerix albiventris FOUR-TOED HEDGEHOG (MOST COMMON PET HEDGEHOG) 000001 Babyrousa babyrussa BABIRUSA 000003 Bison bison AMERICAN BISON 000002 Bos taurus CATTLE / COW / OX / WATUSI 000001 Budorcas taxicolor TAKIN 000003 Callicebus
    [Show full text]
  • BIRDS of COLOMBIA - MP3 Sound Collection List of Recordings
    BIRDS OF COLOMBIA - MP3 sound collection List of recordings 0003 1 Tawny-breasted Tinamou 1 Song 0:07 Nothocercus julius (26/12/1993 , Podocarpus Cajanuma, Loja, Ecuador, 04.20S,79.10W) © Peter Boesman 0003 2 Tawny-breasted Tinamou 2 Song 0:23 Nothocercus julius (26/5/1996 06:30h, Páramo El Angel (Pacific slope), Carchi, Ecuador, 00.45N,78.03W) © Niels Krabbe 0003 3 Tawny-breasted Tinamou 3 Song () 0:30 Nothocercus julius (12/8/2006 14:45h, Betania area, Tachira, Venezuela, 07.29N,72.24W) © Nick Athanas. 0004 1 Highland Tinamou 1 Song 0:28 Nothocercus bonapartei (26/3/1995 07:15h, Rancho Grande area, Aragua, Venezuela, 10.21N,67.42W) © Peter Boesman 0004 2 Highland Tinamou 2 Song 0:23 Nothocercus bonapartei (10/3/2006 , Choroni road, Aragua, Venezuela, 10.22N,67.35W) © David Van den Schoor 0004 3 Highland Tinamou 3 Song 0:45 Nothocercus bonapartei (March 2009, Rancho Grande area, Aragua, Venezuela, 10.21N,67.42W) © Hans Matheve. 0004 4 Highland Tinamou 4 Song 0:40 Nothocercus bonapartei bonapartei. RNA Reinita Cielo Azul, San Vicente de Chucurí, Santander, Colombia, 1700m, 06:07h, 02-12-2007, N6.50'47" W73.22'30", song. also: Spotted Barbtail, Andean Emerald, Green Violetear © Nick Athanas. 0006 1 Gray Tinamou 1 Song 0:43 Tinamus tao (15/8/2007 18:30h, Nirgua area, San Felipe, Venezuela, 10.15N,68.30W) © Peter Boesman 0006 2 Gray Tinamou 2 Song 0:32 Tinamus tao (4/6/1995 06:15h, Palmichal area, Carabobo, Venezuela, 10.21N,68.12W) (background: Rufous-and-white Wren). © Peter Boesman 0006 3 Gray Tinamou 3 Song 0:04 Tinamus tao (1/2/2006 , Cerro Humo, Sucre, Venezuela, 10.41N,62.37W) © Mark Van Beirs.
    [Show full text]
  • Parques Nacionais
    National Parks Brazil BrasiParques Nacionails Brasil Parques Nacionais 2 3 4 5 National Parks Brazil BrasiParques Nacionails 6 7 O Brasil em sua imensidão abriga hoje 69 parques nacionais Brazil in its immensity today houses 69 national parks located situados nas cinco macro-regiões, protegendo no Norte áreas de in the five macro-regions, protecting the northern areas of florestas virgens e praticamente intocadas pelo homem, dunas e virgin forests – virtually untouched by man, dunes and rock pinturas rupestres no Nordeste, a exuberância de Mata Atlântica paintings in the Northeast, the exuberance of the Southeast no Sudeste, os Campos Gerais no Sul e uma flora e fauna do Atlantic Forest, Campos Gerais in the South and the exuberant exuberante do Cerrado no Centro-Oeste. Através desta publica- flora and fauna of the Cerrado in the Midwest. Through this ção a Localiza disponibiliza mais uma vez aos seus clientes e publication, Localiza makes available once more to its clients leitores a possibilidade de descoberta de exemplos bem suce- and readers the chance of discovering successful examples didos de manutenção da riqueza natural, legando às próximas of the maintenance of natural wealth, bequeathing to future gerações áreas de rara beleza. Juntas, elas compõem hoje um generations areas of outstanding beauty. Together they rico mosaico de preservação de nossa inigualável biodiversida- compose today a rich mosaic of conservation of our unique de, de nossa história e também nossa cultura. biodiversity, our history and our culture. Apoio Patrocínio Realização 8 9 Em 1876 o engenheiro abolicionista negro André Rebouças, foi precursor ao idealizar que o Brasil In 1876, the abolitionist engineer André Rebouças was a precursor when he idealized that Brazil destinasse parte de seu território para a criação de áreas protegidas com o intuito de salvaguardar would separate part of its territory to create protected areas with the intention to safeguard in a de forma sistemática, legal e organizada, aspectos importantes de nossos ecossistemas regionais.
    [Show full text]
  • A Note on the Climbing Abilities of Giant Anteaters, Myrmecophaga Tridactyla (Xenarthra, Myrmecophagidae)
    BOL MUS BIOL MELLO LEITÃO (N SÉR) 15:41-46 JUNHO DE 2003 41 A note on the climbing abilities of giant anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla (Xenarthra, Myrmecophagidae) Robert J Young1*, Carlyle M Coelho2 and Dalía R Wieloch2 ABSTRACT: In this note we provide seven observations of climbing behaviour by giant anteaters Five observations were recorded in the field: three of giant anteaters climbing on top of 15 to 20 metre high termite mounds, and two observations of giant anteaters in trees In these cases the animals were apparently trying to obtain food The other two observations are from captivity, one involves a juvenile animal that several times over a three month period climbed in a tree to the height of around 20 metres The final observation, involves an adult female that after being separated from her mother climbed on two occasions over a wall with a fence on top (total height 2 metres) to be reunited with her mother It therefore seems that, despite the fact only one other record of climbing behaviour by giant anteaters exists in the scientific literature that giant anteaters have the ability to climb It also may be the case that young adults are highly motivated to stay with their mothers Key words: giant anteater, Myrmecophaga tridactyla, climbing behaviour, wild, zoos RESUMO: Nota sobre as habilidades trepadoras do tamanduá-bandeira, Myrmecophaga tridactyla (Xenarthra, Myrmecophagidae) Nesta nota apresentamos sete registros de comportamento de subir expressado por tamanduá-bandeira Temos cinco exemplos da natureza: três de tamanduás-
    [Show full text]
  • The Cerrado-Pantanal Biodiversity Corridor in Brazil
    The Cerrado-Pantanal Biodiversity Corridor in Brazil Pantanal Program Mônica Harris, Erika Guimarães, George Camargo, Cláudia Arcângelo, Elaine Pinto Cerrado Program Ricardo Machado, Mario Barroso, Cristiano Nogueira CI in Brazil • Active since 1988. • Two Hotspots: Atlantic Forest and Cerrado • Three Wilderness Areas: Amazon, Pantanal and Caatinga • Marine Program Cerrado overview • 2,000,000 km2 Savannah • approximately 4,400 of its 10,000 plant species occur nowhere else in the world • 75% loss of the original vegetation cover • Waters from the Cerrado drain into the lower Pantanal Pantanal overview • A 140,000 km2 central floodplain surrounded by a highland belt of Cerrado • Home for at least: – 3,500 species of plants –300fishes –652 birds –102 mammals – 177 reptiles – 40 amphibians • Largest wetland in the world, with extremely high densities of several large vertebrate species The Cerrado – Pantanal Biodiversity Corridor – The Beginning: • Priority Setting Workshop for the Cerrado and the Pantanal (1998) • Partnership:CI, Ministry for the Environment, Funatura, Biodiversitas and UnB. • Priority areas were identified for biodiversity conservation by 250 specialists TheThe ResultsResults:: Priority Areas for the Conservation of the Cerrado and Pantanal Corredores de Biodiversidade Cerrado / Pantanal CorridorsCorridors Chapada dos Guimarães betweenbetween # # thethe CerradoCerrado # Unidade de conservação Pantanal Matogrossense andand thethe Áreas prioritárias Taquaril Emas Rios # Corredores propostos PantanalPantanal Pantanal Rio
    [Show full text]
  • (Dasypus) in North America Based on Ancient Mitochondrial DNA
    bs_bs_banner A revised evolutionary history of armadillos (Dasypus) in North America based on ancient mitochondrial DNA BETH SHAPIRO, RUSSELL W. GRAHAM AND BRANDON LETTS Shapiro, B. Graham, R. W. & Letts, B.: A revised evolutionary history of armadillos (Dasypus) in North America based on ancient mitochondrial DNA. Boreas. 10.1111/bor.12094. ISSN 0300-9483. The large, beautiful armadillo, Dasypus bellus, first appeared in North America about 2.5 million years ago, and was extinct across its southeastern US range by 11 thousand years ago (ka). Within the last 150 years, the much smaller nine-banded armadillo, D. novemcinctus, has expanded rapidly out of Mexico and colonized much of the former range of the beautiful armadillo. The high degree of morphological similarity between these two species has led to speculation that they might be a single, highly adaptable species with phenotypical responses and geographical range fluctuations resulting from environmental changes. If this is correct, then the biology and tolerance limits for D. novemcinctus could be directly applied to the Pleistocene species, D. bellus. To investigate this, we isolated ancient mitochondrial DNA from late Pleistocene-age specimens of Dasypus from Missouri and Florida. We identified two genetically distinct mitochondrial lineages, which most likely correspond to D. bellus (Missouri) and D. novemcinctus (Florida). Surprisingly, both lineages were isolated from large specimens that were identified previously as D. bellus. Our results suggest that D. novemcinctus, which is currently classified as an invasive species, was already present in central Florida around 10 ka, significantly earlier than previously believed. Beth Shapiro ([email protected]), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Russell W.
    [Show full text]