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Proving: Two-Toed Sloth (Choloepus Didactylus) Date: October 2017 by Mani Norland, Luke Norland & the School of Homeopathy

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Proving: Two-Toed Sloth (Choloepus Didactylus) Date: October 2017 by Mani Norland, Luke Norland & the School of Homeopathy Orchard Leigh · Rodborough Hill · Stroud · Gloucestershire · GL5 3SS T: +44 (0)1453 765 956 · E: [email protected] www.homeopathyschool.com Proving: Two-toed Sloth (Choloepus didactylus) Date: October 2017 By Mani Norland, Luke Norland & The School of Homeopathy. The Homeopathic Proving of Choloepus didactylus 2 Latin Name Choloepus didactylus. Common Names Two-toed sloth. Hoffmann's two-toed sloth. Linnaeus's two-toed sloth. Taxonomy Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Pilosa Suborder: Folivora Family: Choloepodidae Genus: Choloepus Sophia Müller, Unsplash(1) About (1, 2) The remedy was prepared from a hair sample and run-up to the 30th centesimal potency by the proving group led by Mani Norland and John Morgan. There were 13 female and 2 male provers; each taking a single dose. The proving was fully supervised for a period of 2 months. The diaries were then collated and repertorised by Luke Norland. Whilst the name "sloth" means lazy or idle, the slow movements of this mammal are a useful adaptation for surviving on a low-energy diet of leaves. They are so solitary in their nature that it is even uncommon for two to be found together in the same tree. The sloth spends almost its entire life, including eating, sleeping, mating, and giving birth, hanging upside down from tree branches. However, when the time comes for urination and defecation they slowly make their way to the ground. This seems to be rather a behavioural quirk, as whilst earthbound they are almost defenceless. Their shaggy coat has grooved hair which plays host to a symbiotic green algae, providing both camouflage and nutrients. The algae also nourishes moths, some species of which exist solely on sloths. Two-toed sloths have half the metabolic rate of a typical mammal of the same size. This fact, combined with their reduced musculature means that they cannot shiver to keep warm as other mammals do, so their body temperature depends on the surrounding ambience. They are reported to have very poor eyesight and hearing, relying almost entirely on their sense of touch and smell to locate food. Sloths eat a diet of leaves, shoots, fruits, nuts, berries, bark, flowers, and even some small vertebrates. When they cannot find food they have been known to eat the algae that grow on their fur. They have four-chambered stomachs which helps to ferment the large amount of plant matter they eat. As their metabolism is so slow, food can take up to a month to digest which means that urine and faeces may account for up to 30% of the animal’s body weight (which averages around 6kg). The Homeopathic Proving of Choloepus didactylus 3 When threatened, sloths can defend themselves by slashing with claws and biting with sharp teeth. However, a sloth's main defence is to avoid being attacked in the first place. It’s slow, deliberate movements and algae-covered fur make them difficult for predators to spot from a distance whilst their treetop homes are out of reach for many larger predators. They can also survive wounds that would be fatal to another mammal of its size. (1, 2) Habitat Two-toed sloths live in the canopies of tropical rainforests. They usually tend to be found in the branches of trees that are intertwined within each other throughout the sheltering treetops. Although they also occupy shade-grown cacao plantations, they avoid open pastures. (1, 2) Medical Uses Adapted from the article; Fungi in sloth fur could have a wide variety of disease-fighting implications (4) Sloths are known for their thick fur which is home to a wide range of microorganisms and insects. A recent study shows that some species of fungi found in sloth fur could eventually be a potent force against certain parasites, cancers, and bacteria. Sloth fur has two layers. The inner layer is short, fine, and serves to keep the sloth warm. The course outer layer is where many of the organisms live. Green algae grows in the cracks of the hair and lives symbiotically with the sloth. The algae has a nice place to grow and the sloth benefits by getting a green tint in its fur, which helps camouflage it among the leaves in the rainforest.. Eight of the fungi tested had high levels of bioactivity against Trypoanosoma cruzi, the parasite associated with Chagas disease. Chagas can result in swelling, fever, diarrhea, and enlargement of the liver. Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite to blame for malaria, was affected by two of the fungi. The researchers tested the fungi against fifteen types of bacteria which were a combination of gram- positive and gram-negative. Twenty types of fungi were shown to be active against at least one strain of bacteria, and gram-negative bacteria was more susceptible to the fungi than gram-positive. The research also discovered a single species of fungus which was active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which is responsible for thousands of deaths each year. (3, 4) Source and Description The remedy was prepared from a hair sample of Maximus, a male Two-toed sloth from Costa Rica, who suffered an electrocution. His name is due to his large size, weighing a stunning 7.2kg! However 1kg of his weight was faeces that he had retained because of his accident. An enema later and his weight came down to 6.2kg. In most electrocutions, the extent of the damage doesn't show until hours-days later. In this case, his right foot, right inner elbow, belly and left knee had burns of varying degrees. Three weeks after his accident, he was said to be improving well; eating and showing standard behaviour. The team were expecting to release him soon. The Homeopathic Proving of Choloepus didactylus 4 The injury sustained by electrocution to Maximus. The Homeopathic Proving of Choloepus didactylus 5 History The two groups of sloths (Three-toed and Two-toed) are not closely related, and are thought to have evolved their morphology in parallel evolution from ground sloth ancestors. In addition to the extant species, many species of ground sloth ranging up to the size of elephants like Megatherium inhabited both North and South America during the Pleistocene epoch. However, they became extinct during the Quaternary extinction event around 12,000 years ago, together with most large bodied animals in the New World. The extinction correlates in time with the arrival of humans, but climate change has also been suggested to have contributed. Members of the endemic evolutionary radiation of Caribbean sloths in the Greater Antilles belonged to the family Megalocnidae. They included both ground and arboreal forms which became extinct after humans settled the archipelago in the mid- Holocene, around 6,000 years ago.(9) Folklore The word "sloth" is a translation of the Latin term acedia and means "without care". Acedia refers to a lack of any feeling about oneself or another; a mind-state that gives rise to boredom, rancour, apathy, and a passive, inert or sluggish mentality. In the body, it is associated with a cessation of motion and an indifference to work; it finds manifestation in laziness, idleness, and indolence. Two commentators consider the most accurate translation of acedia to be "self-pity," for it conveys both the melancholy of the condition and self-centeredness upon which it is founded. (7) From Otherworldly Oracle The sloth is a featured character in South American children’s stories. One tells of a sly sloth who outwits five forest animals, escaping untimely death… the sloth uses its natural instinct to escape predatory situations. Therefore, despite its endearing, sweet nature, it is smart and capable... The sloth’s fur is home to thousands of organisms that don’t normally reside on animal hides—algae, moths, beetles, roaches, and more. They are engaged in a symbiotic relationship – they live together cooperatively. These organisms don’t feed on the sloth like parasites. The sloth spirit animal teaches the lesson of cooperation and team- work... Energy conservation is the second lesson. The sloth moves at slow speeds. And it’s not because they’re lazy, as their name implies, but because this is the way they conserve their energy. Don’t be fooled. Sloths move at incredibly fast speeds if threatened by a predator. Use your energy wisely. Sloth spirit animal’s last lesson is strength. The sloth hangs upside down for days at a time while holding their young. Thus the sloth brings us messages of strength and endurance. (6) The Homeopathic Proving of Choloepus didactylus 6 Literature The Sloth By Theodore Roethke(5) In moving slow he has no Peer. You ask him something in his Ear, He thinks about it for a Year; And, then, before he says a Word There, upside down (unlike a Bird), He will assume that you have Heard A most Ex-as-per-at-ing Lug. But should you call his manner Smug, He'll sigh and give his Branch a Hug; Then off again to Sleep he goes, Still swaying gently by his Toes, And you just know he knows he knows. Mythology Adapted from Wikipedia In Greek mythology, Aergia is the personification of sloth, idleness, indolence and laziness. She is the translation of the Latin Socordia, or Ignavia. Aergia is the daughter of Aether and Gaia. Aergia is said to guard the court of Hypnos (Sleep) in the Underworld. "In the hollow recesses of a deep and rocky cave... [are] set the halls of lazy Somnus [Hypnos] and his untroubled dwelling. The threshold is guarded by shady Quies (Quiet) and dull Oblivio (Forgetfulness) and torpid Ignavia (Sloth) with ever drowsy countenance.
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