NPA 2016-20 Table of Contents

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

NPA 2016-20 Table of Contents European Aviation Safety Agency Notice of Proposed Amendment 2016-20 Appendix I — Aircraft type ratings for Part-66 aircraft maintenance licence RMT.0541 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Notice of Proposed Amendment (NPA) addresses a regulatory coordination issue related to the aircraft type ratings. According to the AMC to Part-66, type ratings should be endorsed on an aircraft maintenance licence (AML) in accordance with Appendix I to AMC to Part-66 ‘List of type ratings’. An NPA is issued regularly to amend this list with changes coming from industry and to add new aircraft types or to remove aircraft types whose the TC has been revoked or surrended. The main objective is to ensure a common standard throughout the Member States. Action area: Part-66 AMC/GM Affected rules: Commission Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 Affected stakeholders: Member States Driver: Level playing field Rulemaking group: No Impact assessment: None Rulemaking Procedure: Standard 12.05.2009 22.12.2016 20XX/QX TE.RPRO.00034-005 © European Aviation Safety Agency. All rights reserved. ISO 9001 certified. Proprietary document. Copies are not controlled. Confirm revision status through the EASA intranet/internet. Page 1 of 121 An agency of the European Union European Aviation Safety Agency NPA 2016-20 Table of contents Table of contents 1. About this NPA ..................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1. How this NPA was developed ................................................................................................................... 3 1.2. How to comment on this NPA ................................................................................................................... 3 1.3. The next steps ........................................................................................................................................... 3 2. In summary — why and what ............................................................................................................... 4 2.1. Why we need to change the rules — issue/rationale ............................................................................... 4 2.2. What we want to achieve — objectives ................................................................................................... 4 2.3. Overview of the proposed amendments .................................................................................................. 4 3. Proposed amendments and rationale in detail .................................................................................... 13 3.1. Draft acceptable means of compliance and guidance material (Draft EASA decision) .......................... 13 A. GROUP 1 AEROPLANES ..................................................................................................................... 16 B. STCs in GROUP 1 AIRPLANES ............................................................................................................ 52 C. GROUP 1 HELICOPTERS ..................................................................................................................... 53 D. STCs in GROUP 1 HELICOPTERS ......................................................................................................... 59 E. SUBGROUP 2a: SINGLE TURBO-PROPELLER ENGINE AEROPLANES (Other than those in Group 1) . 60 F. STCs in GROUP 2a AEROPLANES ....................................................................................................... 62 G. SUBGROUP 2b: SINGLE TURBINE ENGINE HELICOPTERS (Other than those in Group 1) ................. 63 H. SUBGROUP 2c: SINGLE PISTON-ENGINE HELICOPTERS (Other than those in Group 1) ................... 66 I. GROUP 3: PISTON-ENGINE AEROPLANES (Other than those in Group 1) ........................................ 68 J. STCs in GROUP 3 AEROPLANES ....................................................................................................... 114 4. Impact assessment (IA) ..................................................................................................................... 119 5. Proposed actions to support implementation.................................................................................... 120 6. References ....................................................................................................................................... 121 6.1. Affected/Related regulations ................................................................................................................ 121 6.2. Affected/Related decisions ................................................................................................................... 121 6.3. Other reference documents ................................................................................................................. 121 TE.RPRO.00034-005 © European Aviation Safety Agency. All rights reserved. ISO 9001 certified. Proprietary document. Copies are not controlled. Confirm revision status through the EASA intranet/internet. Page 2 of 121 An agency of the European Union European Aviation Safety Agency NPA 2016-20 1. About this NPA 1. About this NPA 1.1. How this NPA was developed The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) developed this NPA in line with Regulation (EC) No 216/20081 (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Basic Regulation’) and the Rulemaking Procedure2. This rulemaking activity is included in the EASA 2014-2017 Rulemaking Programme3under rulemaking task (RMT).0541. The text of this NPA has been developed by EASA based on recommendations provided by the industry and type certificate lists produced by the Agency’s Certification Directorate. It is hereby submitted to all interested parties4 for consultation. 1.2. How to comment on this NPA Please submit your comments using the automated Comment-Response Tool (CRT) available at http://hub.easa.europa.eu/crt/5. The deadline for submission of comments is 10 February 2017. 1.3. The next steps Following the closing of the public commenting period, EASA will review all comments. Based on the comments received, EASA will develop a decision amending Appendix I ‘Aircraft type ratings for Part-66 aircraft maintenance licence’ to Annex IV ‘Acceptable Means of Compliance to Part-66’ to Regulation to Decision 2015/029/RM of the Executive Director of the Agency of 17 December 2015. The comments received and the EASA responses will be reflected in a comment-response document (CRD). The CRD will be annexed to the decision. 1 Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 February 2008 on common rules in the field of civil aviation and establishing a European Aviation Safety Agency, and repealing Council Directive 91/670/EEC, Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 and Directive 2004/36/EC (OJ L 79, 19.3.2008, p. 1) (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- content/EN/TXT/?qid=1467719701894&uri=CELEX:32008R0216). 2 EASA is bound to follow a structured rulemaking process as required by Article 52(1) of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008. Such a process has been adopted by the EASA Management Board (MB) and is referred to as the ‘Rulemaking Procedure’. See MB Decision No 18-2015 of 15 December 2015 replacing Decision 01/2012 concerning the procedure to be applied by EASA for the issuing of opinions, certification specifications and guidance material (http://www.easa.europa.eu/the-agency/management- board/decisions/easa-mb-decision-18-2015-rulemaking-procedure). 3 http://easa.europa.eu/rulemaking/annual-programme-and-planning.php 4 In accordance with Article 52 of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and Articles 6(3) and 7) of the Rulemaking Procedure. 5 In case of technical problems, please contact the CRT webmaster ([email protected]). TE.RPRO.00034-005 © European Aviation Safety Agency. All rights reserved. ISO 9001 certified. Proprietary document. Copies are not controlled. Confirm revision status through the EASA intranet/internet. Page 3 of 121 An agency of the European Union European Aviation Safety Agency NPA 2016-20 2. In summary — why and what 2. In summary — why and what 2.1. Why we need to change the rules — issue/rationale The purpose of this NPA is to update Appendix I ‘Aircraft type ratings for Part-66 aircraft maintenance licence’ to Annex IV ‘Acceptable Means of Compliance to Part-66’. Note: — AML — Aircraft Maintenance Licence — TR — Type Rating — TCDS — Type Certificate Data Sheet — STCDS — Supplemental Type Certificate Data Sheet 2.2. What we want to achieve — objectives The overall objectives of the EASA system are defined in Article 2 of the Basic Regulation. This proposal will contribute to the achievement of the overall objectives by addressing the issues outlined in Chapter 2. The specific objective of this proposal is to compile a list of aircraft type ratings (aircraft/engine combinations) to promote a common standard throughout the Member States. This requires frequent amendments of the Appendix to keep it up to date. 2.3. Overview of the proposed amendments This NPA introduces the changes due to: a. corrections of errors found reviewing the current EASA Products TC/STC Lists and the content of the related TCDS/STCDS: 1. Addition or deletion of Models and TRs according to the approved airframe/engine configuration. 2. Rectifications of the model names and/or commercial designations according to the applicable TCDS/STC. c. improvement of the layout of the tables: 1. Creation of a unique correlation between the model and the related type tating endorsement in order to keep a consistency
Recommended publications
  • Robust Gas Turbine and Airframe System Design in Light of Uncertain
    Robust Gas Turbine and Airframe System Design in Light of Uncertain Fuel and CO2 Prices Stephan Langmaak1, James Scanlan2, and András Sóbester3 University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 7QF, United Kingdom This paper presents a study that numerically investigated which cruise speed the next generation of short-haul aircraft with 150 seats should y at and whether a con- ventional two- or three-shaft turbofan, a geared turbofan, a turboprop, or an open rotor should be employed in order to make the aircraft's direct operating cost robust to uncertain fuel and carbon (CO2) prices in the Year 2030, taking the aircraft pro- ductivity, the passenger value of time, and the modal shift into account. To answer this question, an optimization loop was set up in MATLAB consisting of nine modules covering gas turbine and airframe design and performance, ight and aircraft eet sim- ulation, operating cost, and optimization. If the passenger value of time is included, the most robust aircraft design is powered by geared turbofan engines and cruises at Mach 0.80. If the value of time is ignored, however, then a turboprop aircraft ying at Mach 0.70 is the optimum solution. This demonstrates that the most fuel-ecient option, the open rotor, is not automatically the most cost-ecient solution because of the relatively high engine and airframe costs. 1 Research Engineer, Computational Engineering and Design 2 Professor of Aerospace Design, Computational Engineering and Design, AIAA member 3 Associate Professor in Aircraft Engineering, Computational Engineering and Design, AIAA member 1 I. Introduction A. Background IT takes around 5 years to develop a gas turbine engine, which then usually remains in pro- duction for more than two decades [1, 2].
    [Show full text]
  • Global Military Helicopters 2015-16 Market Report Contents
    GLOBAL MILITARY HELICOPTERS 2015-16 MARKET REPORT CONTENTS MARKET OVERVIEW 2 MILITARY HELICOPTER KEY REQUIREMENTS 4 EUROPE 5 NORTH AMERICA 10 LATIN AMERICA & THE CARIBBEAN 12 AFRICA 15 ASIA-PACIFIC 16 MIDDLE EAST 21 WORLD MILITARY HELICOPTER HOLDINGS 23 EUROPE 24 NORTH AMERICA 34 LATIN AMERICA & THE CARIBBEAN 36 AFRICA 43 ASIA-PACIFIC 49 MIDDLE EAST 59 EVENT INFORMATION 65 Please note that all information herein is subject to change. Defence IQ endeavours to ensure accuracy wherever possible, but errors are often unavoidable. We encourage readers to contact us if they note any need for amendments or updates. We accept no responsibility for the use or application of this information. We suggest that readers contact the specific government and military programme offices if seeking to confirm the reliability of any data. 1 MARKET OVERVIEW Broadly speaking, the global helicopter market is currently facing a two- pronged assault. The military helicopter segment has been impacted significantly by continued defense budgetary pressures across most traditional markets, and a recent slide in global crude oil prices has impacted the demand for new civil helicopters as well as the level of activity for existing fleets engaged in the offshore oil & gas exploration sector. This situation has impacted industry OEMs significantly, many of which had been working towards strengthening the civil helicopter segment to partially offset the impact of budgetary cuts on the military segment. However, the medium- to long-term view of the market is promising given the presence of strong fundamentals and persistent, sustainable growth drivers. The market for military helicopters in particular is set to cross a technological threshold in the form of next-generation compound helicopters and tilt rotorcraft.
    [Show full text]
  • Gallery of USAF Weapons Note: Inventory Numbers Are Total Active Inventory figures As of Sept
    Gallery of USAF Weapons Note: Inventory numbers are total active inventory figures as of Sept. 30, 2014. By Aaron M. U. Church, Associate Editor I 2015 USAF Almanac BOMBER AIRCRAFT flight controls actuate trailing edge surfaces that combine aileron, elevator, and rudder functions. New EHF satcom and high-speed computer upgrade B-1 Lancer recently entered full production. Both are part of the Defensive Management Brief: A long-range bomber capable of penetrating enemy defenses and System-Modernization (DMS-M). Efforts are underway to develop a new VLF delivering the largest weapon load of any aircraft in the inventory. receiver for alternative comms. Weapons integration includes the improved COMMENTARY GBU-57 Massive Ordnance Penetrator and JASSM-ER and future weapons The B-1A was initially proposed as replacement for the B-52, and four pro- such as GBU-53 SDB II, GBU-56 Laser JDAM, JDAM-5000, and LRSO. Flex- totypes were developed and tested in 1970s before program cancellation in ible Strike Package mods will feed GPS data to the weapons bays to allow 1977. The program was revived in 1981 as B-1B. The vastly upgraded aircraft weapons to be guided before release, to thwart jamming. It also will move added 74,000 lb of usable payload, improved radar, and reduced radar cross stores management to a new integrated processor. Phase 2 will allow nuclear section, but cut maximum speed to Mach 1.2. The B-1B first saw combat in and conventional weapons to be carried simultaneously to increase flexibility. Iraq during Desert Fox in December 1998.
    [Show full text]
  • TAC Register Rev 6 22 Feb 2017
    2/22/2017 Aircraft TAC TAC Register Rev 6 22 Feb 2017 THE REPOSITORY (SPREADSHEET): This data presented in this repository is a list of approved SACAA TACs as conferred to current foreign TC holders. Aircraft Type/Model File No. Conditions Category TAC Issue Issue Date Reissue Date Common Name 328 Support Services GmbH Dornier 328-100 & Dornier 328-300 J15/12/529 As per Type Certficate Data Sheet EASA.A.096 Standard Original 11 April 2007 - 328JET (328-300) Agusta S.p.A. (Now Leonardo Helicopter) A109E, A109K2, A109S, AW109SP and A109C J15/12/395 This certificate is issued as per EASA Type Certificate number EASA.R.005 Standard Reissue 15 September 1996 01 August 2013 AB139 J15/12/493 This certificate is issued as per EASA Type Certificate number EASA.R.006 Standard Original 21 April 2006 - AB139, AW139 AW189 J15/12/625 This certificate is issued as per EASA Type Certificate number EASA.R.510 Standard Original 24 November 2016 AW189 Air Tractor Inc. AT-402, AT-402B, AT-502, AT-502A, AT-502B & AT-504, AT-402A J15/12/327 This certificate is issued as per FAA Type Certificate number A17SW Restricted Original 15 October 2013 28 July 2016 AT-602, AT-802 and AT-802A J15/12/380 This certificate is issued as per FAA Type Certificate number A19SW Restricted Original 15 October 2013 - Airbus SAS A300B4-622R J15/12/565 This certificate is issued as per DGAC Type Certificate number 72. Standard Original 23 December 2009 - A320-232, A320-233 J15/12/593 This certificate is issued as per EASA Type Certificate number EASA.A.064 Standard Original 23 December 2011 - A330-301, A330-321, A330-322, A330- 341, A330-342, A330-202, A330-223, A330-243, A330-323, A330-343, A330- 203, A330-201, A330-302, A330-303, A330-223F and A330-243F J15/12/584 This certificate is issued as per EASA Type Certificate number EASA.A.004 Standard Original 08 December 2010 10 November 2016 A340-200, A340-300 and A340-600 series J15/12/382 As per DGAC Type Certficate number 183.
    [Show full text]
  • Gallery of USAF Weapons Note: Inventory Numbers Are Total Active Inventory Figures As of Sept
    Gallery of USAF Weapons Note: Inventory numbers are total active inventory figures as of Sept. 30, 2011. ■ 2012 USAF Almanac Bombers B-1 Lancer Brief: A long-range, air refuelable multirole bomber capable of flying intercontinental missions and penetrating enemy defenses with the largest payload of guided and unguided weapons in the Air Force inventory. Function: Long-range conventional bomber. Operator: ACC, AFMC. First Flight: Dec. 23, 1974 (B-1A); Oct. 18, 1984 (B-1B). Delivered: June 1985-May 1988. IOC: Oct. 1, 1986, Dyess AFB, Tex. (B-1B). Production: 104. Inventory: 66. Aircraft Location: Dyess AFB, Tex.; Edwards AFB, Calif.; Eglin AFB, Fla.; Ellsworth AFB, S.D. Contractor: Boeing, AIL Systems, General Electric. Power Plant: four General Electric F101-GE-102 turbofans, each 30,780 lb thrust. Accommodation: pilot, copilot, and two WSOs (offensive and defensive), on zero/zero ACES II ejection seats. Dimensions: span 137 ft (spread forward) to 79 ft (swept aft), length 146 ft, height 34 ft. B-1B Lancer (SSgt. Brian Ferguson) Weight: max T-O 477,000 lb. Ceiling: more than 30,000 ft. carriage, improved onboard computers, improved B-2 Spirit Performance: speed 900+ mph at S-L, range communications. Sniper targeting pod added in Brief: Stealthy, long-range multirole bomber that intercontinental. mid-2008. Receiving Fully Integrated Data Link can deliver nuclear and conventional munitions Armament: three internal weapons bays capable of (FIDL) upgrade to include Link 16 and Joint Range anywhere on the globe. accommodating a wide range of weapons incl up to Extension data link, enabling permanent LOS and Function: Long-range heavy bomber.
    [Show full text]
  • NPA 2018-13 Table of Contents
    European Aviation Safety Agency Notice of Proposed Amendment 2018-13 Appendix I to AMC to Annex III (Part-66) Aircraft type ratings for Part-66 aircraft maintenance licences RMT.0541 (66.024) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Notice of Proposed Amendment (NPA) addresses a regulatory coordination issue related to aircraft type ratings. According to the AMC to Annex III (Part-66), type ratings should be endorsed on an aircraft maintenance licence (AML) in accordance with Appendix I to AMC to Part-66 ‘List of type ratings’. An NPA is issued regularly to amend this list, after assessing feedback received from the industry, and to add new aircraft types or to remove aircraft types whose type certificate (TC) has been revoked or surrendered. This NPA adds also the tables of the new Group as a consequence of the introduction of the ‘L’ licence subcategories by Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/1142. The main objective is to ensure a common standard throughout the Member States. Action area: Regular updates/review of rules Affected rules: AMC/GM to Annex III (Part-66) to Commission Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 Affected stakeholders: Maintenance certifying staff; maintenance training organisations; maintenance organisations; competent authorities Driver: Efficiency/proportionality Rulemaking group: No Impact assessment: None Rulemaking Procedure: Standard 12.5.2009 5.12.2018 2019/Q2 TE.RPRO.00034-008 © European Aviation Safety Agency. All rights reserved. ISO 9001 certified. Proprietary document. Copies are not controlled. Confirm revision status through the EASA intranet/internet. Page 1 of 186 An agency of the European Union European Aviation Safety Agency NPA 2018-13 Table of contents Table of contents 1.
    [Show full text]
  • International Aero Engines V2500-A1, V2522-A5
    Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 225 / Tuesday, November 23, 2010 / Proposed Rules 71373 under the criteria of the Regulatory (i) For TAE 125–01 engines, Operation & DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Flexibility Act. Maintenance Manual OM–01–02, Issue 3, We prepared a regulatory evaluation Revision 13. Federal Aviation Administration of the estimated costs to comply with (ii) For TAE 125–02–99 and TAE 125–02– this proposed AD and placed it in the 114 engines, Operation & Maintenance 14 CFR Part 39 AD docket. Manual OM–02–02, Issue 1, Revision 10. [Docket No. FAA–2010–0494; Directorate List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 39 Prohibition of FADEC Software Earlier Identifier 2010–NE–20–AD] Versions Air transportation, Aircraft, Aviation (f) Once FADEC software version 2.91 is RIN 2120–AA64 safety, Safety. installed, do not install any earlier version of Airworthiness Directives; International FADEC software. The Proposed Amendment Aero Engines V2500–A1, V2522–A5, Accordingly, under the authority FAA AD Differences V2524–A5, V2525–D5, V2527–A5, delegated to me by the Administrator, (g) EASA AD 2010–0137 permits V2527E–A5, V2527M–A5, V2528–D5, the FAA proposes to amend 14 CFR part installation of earlier FADEC software V2530–A5, and V2533–A5 Turbofan 39 as follows: versions, once version 2.91 is installed. This Engines AD does not. AGENCY: Federal Aviation PART 39—AIRWORTHINESS (h) EASA AD 2010–0137 requires Administration (FAA), DOT. DIRECTIVES compliance within 110 flight hours after the effective date of the AD or during next ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking 1. The authority citation for part 39 maintenance, whichever occurs first, but no (NPRM).
    [Show full text]
  • Annex III to Decision 2015/029/R
    AMC/GM TO ANNEX III (PART-66) TO REGULATION (EU) No 1321/2014 APPENDICES TO AMC TO PART-66 APPENDICES TO AMC TO PART-66 APPENDIX I AIRCRAFT TYPE RATINGS FOR PART-66 AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE LICENCES The following aircraft type ratings should be used to ensure a common standard throughout the Member States. The inclusion of an aircraft type in the licence does not indicate that the aircraft type has been granted a type certificate under the Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules; this list is only intended for maintenance purposes. In order to keep this list current and the type ratings consistent, such information should be first passed on to the Agency using the Rulemaking Enquiry form (http://easa.europa.eu/webgate/rulemaking-enquiry/) in case a Member State needs to issue a type rating that is not included in this list. Notes on when the licences should be modified: When a modification is introduced by this Decision to an aircraft type rating or to an engine designation in the rating which affect licences already issued, the ratings on the Aircraft Maintenance Licences (AMLs) may be modified at the next renewal or when the licence is reissued, unless there is an urgent reason to modify the licence. Notes on aircraft modified by Supplemental Type Certificate (STC): — This Appendix I intends to include the type ratings of aircraft resulting from STCs for installation of another engine. These STCs are those approved by the Agency and those approved by the Member States before 2003 and grandfathered by the Agency.
    [Show full text]
  • Military Vehicle Options Arising from the Barrel Type Piston Engine
    Journal of Power Technologies 101 (1) (2021) 22–33 Military vehicle options arising from the barrel type piston engine Pawe l Mazuro1 and Cezary Chmielewski1,B 1Warsaw University of Technology B [email protected] Abstract in terms of efficiency, meaning that piston engines can deliver enhanced range and endurance. This is benefi- The article reviews knowledge about requirements for engines in cial in missions requiring a stopover for refueling and state-of-the-art unmanned aerial vehicles and tanks. Analysis of particularly useful for unmanned supply, observation design and operational parameters was carried out on selected and maritime missions. turboshaft and piston engines generating power in the range of 500 - 1500 kW (0.5 - 1.5 MW). The data was compared In contrast, land combat vehicles have significantly with the performance of innovative, barrel type piston engines, different drive unit requirements. High mobility en- which are likely to become an alternative drive solution in the ables the vehicle to rapidly change location after de- target vehicle groups. tection. To this end, the torque curve as a function of the rotational speed of the shaft is of decisive im- portance. Keywords: military UAV, tanks, turboshaft engines, piston engines, barrel type piston engines The complexity of tank engines adds an additional layer of requirements, impacting the reliability and durability of the power unit, and they come with re- 1 Introduction lated manufacturing and operating costs. In military land vehicles, the engine should be as small This article consolidates knowledge on options and as possible; the space saved can be used for other capabilities arising from use of the barrel type piston purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • Diesel, Spark-Ignition, and Turboprop Engines for Long-Duration Unmanned Air Flights
    JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER Diesel, Spark-Ignition, and Turboprop Engines for Long-Duration Unmanned Air Flights Daniele Cirigliano,∗ Aaron M. Frisch,† Feng Liu,‡ and William A. Sirignano‡ University of California, Irvine, California 92697 DOI: 10.2514/1.B36547 Comparisons are made for propulsion systems for unmanned flights with several hundred kilowatts of propulsive power at moderate subsonic speeds up to 50 h in duration. Gas-turbine engines (turbofans and turboprops), two- and four-stroke reciprocating (diesel and spark-ignition) engines, and electric motors (with electric generation by a combustion engine) are analyzed. Thermal analyses of these engines are performed in the power range of interest. Consideration is given to two types of generic missions: 1) a mission dominated by a constant-power requirement, and 2) a mission with intermittent demand for high thrust and/or substantial auxiliary power. The weights of the propulsion system, required fuel, and total aircraft are considered. Nowadays, diesel engines for airplane applications are rarely a choice. However, this technology is shown to bea very serious competitor for long-durationunmanned air vehicle flights. The two strongest competitors are gas-turbine engines and turbocharged four-stroke diesel engines, each type driving propellers. It is shown that hybrid-electric schemes and configurations with several propellers driven by one power source are less efficient. At the 500 KW level, one gas-turbine engine driving a larger propeller is more efficient for durations up to 25 h, whereas several diesel engines driving several propellers become more efficient at longer durations. The decreasing efficiency of the gas-turbine engine with decreasing size and increasing compression ratio is a key factor.
    [Show full text]
  • Propulsione Aeronautica 2020/2021 Francesco Barato
    PROPULSIONE AERONAUTICA 2020/2021 FRANCESCO BARATO MATERIALE DI SUPPORTO FONDAMENTI DI PROPULSIONE AERONAUTICA Thrust 푇 = (푚̇ 푎 + 푚̇ 푓)푉푒 − 푚̇ 푎푉0 + (푝푒 − 푝푎)퐴푒 푇 ≈ 푚̇ 푎(푉푒 − 푉0) + (푝푒 − 푝푎)퐴푒 1 PROPULSIONE AERONAUTICA 2020/2021 FRANCESCO BARATO Ramjet P-270 Moskit (left), BrahMos (right) Turboramjet Pratt & Whitney J-58 turbo(ram)jet 2 PROPULSIONE AERONAUTICA 2020/2021 FRANCESCO BARATO Scramjet 3 PROPULSIONE AERONAUTICA 2020/2021 FRANCESCO BARATO Specific impulse 푇 푉푒 푇 푚̇ 푝 푉푒 − 푉0 퐼푠푝 = = [푠] 푟표푐푘푒푡푠 퐼푠푝 = = [푠] 푎푟 푏푟푒푎푡ℎ푛푔 푚̇ 푝푔0 푔0 푚̇ 푓푔0 푚̇ 푓 푔0 4 PROPULSIONE AERONAUTICA 2020/2021 FRANCESCO BARATO Propulsive efficiency Overall efficiency Overall efficiency with Mach number 5 PROPULSIONE AERONAUTICA 2020/2021 FRANCESCO BARATO Engine bypass ratios Bypass Engine Name Major applications ratio turbojet early jet aircraft, Concorde 0.0 SNECMA M88 Rafale 0.30 GE F404 F/A-18, T-50, F-117 0.34 PW F100 F-16, F-15 0.36 Eurojet EJ200 Typhoon 0.4 Klimov RD-33 MiG-29, Il-102 0.49 Saturn AL-31 Su-27, Su-30, J-10 0.59 Kuznetsov NK-144A Tu-144 0.6 PW JT8D DC-9, MD-80, 727, 737 Original 0.96 Soloviev D-20P Tu-124 1.0 Kuznetsov NK-321 Tu-160 1.4 GE Honda HF120 HondaJet 2.9 RR Tay Gulfstream IV, F70, F100 3.1 GE CF6-50 A300, DC-10-30,Lockheed C-5M Super Galaxy 4.26 PowerJet SaM146 SSJ 100 4.43 RR RB211-22B TriStar 4.8 PW PW4000-94 A300, A310, Boeing 767, Boeing 747-400 4.85 Progress D-436 Yak-42, Be-200, An-148 4.91 GE CF6-80C2 A300-600, Boeing 747-400, MD-11, A310 4.97-5.31 RR Trent 700 A330 5.0 PW JT9D Boeing 747, Boeing 767, A310, DC-10 5.0 6 PROPULSIONE
    [Show full text]
  • Police Aviation News SPECIAL EDITION
    Police Aviation News SPECIAL EDITION ©Police Aviation Research SPECIAL EDITION JULY 2012 PAR Police Aviation News July 2012 2 PAN—Police Aviation News is published monthly by POLICE AVIATION RESEARCH, 7 Wind- mill Close, Honey Lane, Waltham Abbey, Essex EN9 3BQ UK. Contacts: Main: +44 1992 714162 Cell: +44 7778 296650 Skype: BrynElliott E-mail: [email protected] SHOWS JULY 2012 FARNBOROUGH AIR SHOW Farnborough, Hampshire, UK 9-10 July 2012 Farnborough, one of the major shows in the aerospace calendar and yet in the main one not too kind to the Airborne Emergency Service sector of business. The large size and im- personal nature of Farnborough and its ilk are the main spur for the niche air events – not always shows – including PAvCon, NBAA and Heli-Expo. Visitors are drawn to see displays covering nearly 3,500 square meters from hundreds of international companies housed under cover in a number of vast halls and chalets con- structed at great expense – others being left to the vagaries of the weather without cover or in their own tents and caravans. And this year the vagaries were decidedly nasty as Britain endured the worst summer in living memory. The poor weather clearly affected visitor num- bers early in the week. As the browned grass testifies, Farnborough 2010 was a far drier affair than this year. © Aviation-images.com via FI2012 Front Cover Image: The Bell 525 Relentless has ‘Oil Industry’ written all over it and it may never feature as an emergency services aircraft. That said it has features that could one day appear more widely—including the pilots seats.
    [Show full text]