The Crisis of June 2020: the Case of the Retired Generals and Admirals and the Clarion Calls of Their Critics in Lex Non Scripta (Historic) Perspective
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Joint Force Quarterly 97
Issue 97, 2nd Quarter 2020 JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY Broadening Traditional Domains Commercial Satellites and National Security Ulysses S. Grant and the U.S. Navy ISSUE NINETY-SEVEN, 2 ISSUE NINETY-SEVEN, ND QUARTER 2020 Joint Force Quarterly Founded in 1993 • Vol. 97, 2nd Quarter 2020 https://ndupress.ndu.edu GEN Mark A. Milley, USA, Publisher VADM Frederick J. Roegge, USN, President, NDU Editor in Chief Col William T. Eliason, USAF (Ret.), Ph.D. Executive Editor Jeffrey D. Smotherman, Ph.D. Production Editor John J. Church, D.M.A. Internet Publications Editor Joanna E. Seich Copyeditor Andrea L. Connell Associate Editor Jack Godwin, Ph.D. Book Review Editor Brett Swaney Art Director Marco Marchegiani, U.S. Government Publishing Office Advisory Committee Ambassador Erica Barks-Ruggles/College of International Security Affairs; RDML Shoshana S. Chatfield, USN/U.S. Naval War College; Col Thomas J. Gordon, USMC/Marine Corps Command and Staff College; MG Lewis G. Irwin, USAR/Joint Forces Staff College; MG John S. Kem, USA/U.S. Army War College; Cassandra C. Lewis, Ph.D./College of Information and Cyberspace; LTG Michael D. Lundy, USA/U.S. Army Command and General Staff College; LtGen Daniel J. O’Donohue, USMC/The Joint Staff; Brig Gen Evan L. Pettus, USAF/Air Command and Staff College; RDML Cedric E. Pringle, USN/National War College; Brig Gen Kyle W. Robinson, USAF/Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy; Brig Gen Jeremy T. Sloane, USAF/Air War College; Col Blair J. Sokol, USMC/Marine Corps War College; Lt Gen Glen D. VanHerck, USAF/The Joint Staff Editorial Board Richard K. -
The Syrian War and the Question of an American Mutiny
The Syrian War And The Question Of An American Mutiny By Adeyinka Makinde Region: Middle East & North Africa, USA Global Research, October 11, 2016 Theme: History, US NATO War Agenda Adeyinka Makinde In-depth Report: SYRIA A recent press conference given by US Army General Mark Milley, the present serving army chief of staff reminded me of the fictional character played by Burt Lancaster in the 1964 movie ‘Seven Days in May’. That film posited the scenario of James Scott (the Lancaster character) as a Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff who, disgruntled about the serving president’s perceived weakness in seeking a treaty with the Soviet Union, plots to overthrow the civilian government. ‘Seven Days in May’ was based on a book that drew its inspiration from real life American political and military figures in the early 1960s during the Cold War. At that time Right-wing, verging on fascist-leaning generals such as Army General Lyman Lemnitzer the supremo at the Pentagon and Air Force Generals Curtis LeMay and Tommy Powers dominated the Pentagon. A Major General named Edwin Walker actually tried to indoctrinate troops under his command with the teachings of the Right-wing John Birch Society. It was in the prevailing atmosphere of fervent anti-communism at the time that these generals sought to undermine and even plot to overthrow the government of President John F. Kennedy. This view was not limited to a few senators and journalists of the time. The Kremlin apparently believed this to the extent that it is claimed to have influenced Nikita Khruschev’s decision to reach the settlement that he did with Kennedy over the Cuban Missile Crisis. -
The Black Press and the End of Racial Segregation in the U.S
MIGHTIER THAN THE SWORD? THE BLACK PRESS AND THE END OF RACIAL SEGREGATION IN THE U.S. MILITARY, 1948-1954 Mark Slagle A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication Chapel Hill 2010 Approved by: Dr. Barbara Friedman Dr. Anne Johnston Dr. Donald Shaw Dr. Crystal Feimster Dr. Richard Kohn ©2010 Mark Slagle ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT MARK SLAGLE: Mightier Than The Sword? The Black Press and the End of Racial Segregation in the U.S. Military, 1948-1954 (Under the Direction of Dr. Barbara Friedman) Although President Harry S. Truman ordered the integration of the U.S. military in 1948, the armed forces made limited progress in desegregating before the summer of 1950. The outbreak of war on the Korean peninsula that year forced the military to re-evaluate its policy of segregation and ultimately led the complete integration of all the armed forces. This study analyzes how the largest and most influential black newspapers fought for military integration and how these publications reacted when it arrived. By examining how the black press sought to achieve its goals, this study illustrates the ways in which black newspapers did and did not operate as a dissident media source. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the efforts of a number of people. Barbara Friedman shepherded this project from vague idea to finished product. Anne Johnston, Don Shaw, Richard Kohn, and Crystal Feimster all provided valuable suggestions and support throughout the process. -
Moral Courage Intelligent Disobedience
Moral Courage and Intelligent Disobedience by Ted Thomas and Ira Chaleff he military needs men and women who have courage–the physical courage to go into battle, to overcome fear in the face of bodily injury or death, mental pain, and lifelong disabilities. Militaries run on physical courage. Without it, they run from a fight and surrender. Many Tsources quote Aristotle as saying, “Courage is the first of human qualities because it is the quality which guarantees the others.”1 Courage is a primary virtue, as all other virtues require it. There is another type of courage the military needs, but it is hard to measure or even define– moral courage. The following words of Robert F. Kennedy are as salient today as they were in June of 1966 when he spoke them in Cape Town, South Africa. “Few men are willing to brave the disapproval of their fellows, the censure of their colleagues, the wrath of their society. Moral courage is a rarer commodity than bravery in battle or great intelligence. Yet it is the one essential, vital quality of those who seek to change a world which yields most painfully to change.”2 Bravery in battle is needed, but so is the courage to stand up for what is right and against what is immoral, unethical, or illegal. A critical application of moral courage is knowing when and how to disobey–which can be thought of as intelligent disobedience. This involves an ability to work within the system to maintain standards and uphold moral values. Organizational culture and operational pressures can sometimes cause the values of people to become blurred when the mission becomes more important than virtues. -
The United States Atomic Army, 1956-1960 Dissertation
INTIMIDATING THE WORLD: THE UNITED STATES ATOMIC ARMY, 1956-1960 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Paul C. Jussel, B.A., M.M.A.S., M.S.S. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2004 Dissertation Committee Approved by Professor Allan R. Millett, Advisor Professor John R. Guilmartin __________________ Professor William R. Childs Advisor Department of History ABSTRACT The atomic bomb created a new military dynamic for the world in 1945. The bomb, if used properly, could replace the artillery fires and air-delivered bombs used to defeat the concentrated force of an enemy. The weapon provided the U.S. with an unparalleled advantage over the rest of the world, until the Soviet Union developed its own bomb by 1949 and symmetry in warfare returned. Soon, theories of warfare changed to reflect the belief that the best way to avoid the effects of the bomb was through dispersion of forces. Eventually, the American Army reorganized its divisions from the traditional three-unit organization to a new five-unit organization, dubbed pentomic by its Chief of Staff, General Maxwell D. Taylor. While atomic weapons certainly had an effect on Taylor’s reasoning to adopt the pentomic organization, the idea was not new in 1956; the Army hierarchy had been wrestling with restructuring since the end of World War II. Though the Korean War derailed the Army’s plans for the early fifties, it returned to the forefront under the Eisenhower Administration. The driving force behind reorganization in 1952 was not ii only the reoriented and reduced defense budget, but also the Army’s inroads to the atomic club, formerly the domain of only the Air Force and the Navy. -
A History of Maryland's Electoral College Meetings 1789-2016
A History of Maryland’s Electoral College Meetings 1789-2016 A History of Maryland’s Electoral College Meetings 1789-2016 Published by: Maryland State Board of Elections Linda H. Lamone, Administrator Project Coordinator: Jared DeMarinis, Director Division of Candidacy and Campaign Finance Published: October 2016 Table of Contents Preface 5 The Electoral College – Introduction 7 Meeting of February 4, 1789 19 Meeting of December 5, 1792 22 Meeting of December 7, 1796 24 Meeting of December 3, 1800 27 Meeting of December 5, 1804 30 Meeting of December 7, 1808 31 Meeting of December 2, 1812 33 Meeting of December 4, 1816 35 Meeting of December 6, 1820 36 Meeting of December 1, 1824 39 Meeting of December 3, 1828 41 Meeting of December 5, 1832 43 Meeting of December 7, 1836 46 Meeting of December 2, 1840 49 Meeting of December 4, 1844 52 Meeting of December 6, 1848 53 Meeting of December 1, 1852 55 Meeting of December 3, 1856 57 Meeting of December 5, 1860 60 Meeting of December 7, 1864 62 Meeting of December 2, 1868 65 Meeting of December 4, 1872 66 Meeting of December 6, 1876 68 Meeting of December 1, 1880 70 Meeting of December 3, 1884 71 Page | 2 Meeting of January 14, 1889 74 Meeting of January 9, 1893 75 Meeting of January 11, 1897 77 Meeting of January 14, 1901 79 Meeting of January 9, 1905 80 Meeting of January 11, 1909 83 Meeting of January 13, 1913 85 Meeting of January 8, 1917 87 Meeting of January 10, 1921 88 Meeting of January 12, 1925 90 Meeting of January 2, 1929 91 Meeting of January 4, 1933 93 Meeting of December 14, 1936 -
Bright Starry Banner: a Novel of the Civil War
Civil War Book Review Summer 2004 Article 14 Bright Starry Banner: A Novel of the Civil War John Benson Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cwbr Recommended Citation Benson, John (2004) "Bright Starry Banner: A Novel of the Civil War," Civil War Book Review: Vol. 6 : Iss. 3 . Available at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cwbr/vol6/iss3/14 Benson: Bright Starry Banner: A Novel of the Civil War Review Benson, John Summer 2004 Carter, Alden R. Bright Starry Banner: A Novel of the Civil War. Soho Press, Inc., $27.00 ISBN 1569473552 Way out west Battle of Stone's River retold Civil War history and fiction are rarely combined with any success. Alden R. Carter, attempts to venture where few have triumphed in Bright and Starry Banner and meets the same fate as countless other authors. Set in the shadows of the Stones River Campaign, Carter takes the reader into the minds of the Union and Confederate leaders who fought for victory in the west. Carter's principle character is Lieutenant Colonel Julius Garesche, the 41 year old chief of staff of the Union Army of the Cumberland, who begins the story with reluctant hopes as he begins service on the staff of Major General William S. Rosecrans, the army's newly appointed leader. Gradually we follow Garesche as he bears witness to a seesaw battle that develops into a stalemate, and with it, the continuing struggle. The Battle of Stones River, was fought around the Widow Smith House in Murfreesboro Tennessee from December 31, 1862 to January 2, 1863. -
BATTLE-SCARRED and DIRTY: US ARMY TACTICAL LEADERSHIP in the MEDITERRANEAN THEATER, 1942-1943 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial
BATTLE-SCARRED AND DIRTY: US ARMY TACTICAL LEADERSHIP IN THE MEDITERRANEAN THEATER, 1942-1943 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Steven Thomas Barry Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2011 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Allan R. Millett, Adviser Dr. John F. Guilmartin Dr. John L. Brooke Copyright by Steven T. Barry 2011 Abstract Throughout the North African and Sicilian campaigns of World War II, the battalion leadership exercised by United States regular army officers provided the essential component that contributed to battlefield success and combat effectiveness despite deficiencies in equipment, organization, mobilization, and inadequate operational leadership. Essentially, without the regular army battalion leaders, US units could not have functioned tactically early in the war. For both Operations TORCH and HUSKY, the US Army did not possess the leadership or staffs at the corps level to consistently coordinate combined arms maneuver with air and sea power. The battalion leadership brought discipline, maturity, experience, and the ability to translate common operational guidance into tactical reality. Many US officers shared the same ―Old Army‖ skill sets in their early career. Across the Army in the 1930s, these officers developed familiarity with the systems and doctrine that would prove crucial in the combined arms operations of the Second World War. The battalion tactical leadership overcame lackluster operational and strategic guidance and other significant handicaps to execute the first Mediterranean Theater of Operations campaigns. Three sets of factors shaped this pivotal group of men. First, all of these officers were shaped by pre-war experiences. -
Waking to Danger
Waking to Danger Americans and Nazi Germany, 1933–1941 ROBERT A. ROSENBAUM 2010 Contents Preface ix 1 Swastika Rising 1 2 The Peace Crusade 21 3 Friendless in America 39 4 Looking for Hitler 57 5 The Red Decade 77 6 Sheep among Wolves 91 7 The Bottom Line 111 8 The Search for Safety 129 9 News from Germany 153 10 The American Century 171 Notes 189 Bibliography 205 Index 215 Photo Essay Follows Page 110 vii Preface “One knows nothing of the history one has experienced,” reflected Victor Klemperer, a German diarist of the Nazi years.1 My earliest memory of an historic event is of the inauguration on March 4, 1933, of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, which I read about in My Weekly Reader in second grade. At the time of Pearl Harbor, I was fif- teen and a sophomore in high school. My memories of the years between these two events are like islands in a dark and turbulent river—the history of which I knew nothing. In this little book, I revisit those islands while plumbing one of many currents in that dark stream: Americans’ diverse responses to Nazi Germany in the prewar years. It is also a journey into my own history—in a sense, a “researched reminiscence” perhaps worth sharing with younger generations. The 1930s were years when Americans struggled to define their country’s role in a dangerous world. Opinions were deeply divided and passionately held. Before the debate could be resolved, America was attacked. Under President Roosevelt, America entered World War II not only in self-defense but—contrary to the recent desires of many—as a champion of liberty against tyranny, of world order against anarchy. -
Ttu Minbdm 000301.Pdf
TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Texas Tech is a state-supported, multipurpose university of over 23,000 students enrolled in six colleges-Agricultural Sciences, Arts and Sciences, Business Administration, Education, Engineering, and Home Economics- and two schools-the Graduate School and the School of Law. The_Texas Tech Health Sciences Center-a separate institution- and the Museum share the Lubbock campus with the University. As is necessary for an educational institution of its scope and purposes, Texas Tech operates in several locations. Beyond its 1,839-acre Lubbock campus- all in one tract-the University operates a 13,822-acre agricultural and biological laboratory through the Texas Tech University Center at Amarillo. Under development are other agricultural research and teaching facilities in Lubbock County and in Terry County. As a part of its medical role, the Health Sciences Center has in various stages of development three Regional academic Health Centers: in Amarillo, in El Paso, and in Odessa-Midland. The Texas Tech University Center at Junction, in the Texas hill country, is a 411-acre unit consisting of classroom and lodging facilities. Paul Whitfield Horn, the first president of Texas Tech, drew from the broad open plains of West Texas his vision for the institution. "Let us make the work of our college fit into the scope of our country," he said. "Let our thoughts be big thoughts and broad thoughts. Let our thinking be in world-wide-terms." Horn's challenge to Texas Tech, now embarked on its second fifty years, continues as a viable force. His insight is most evident as we-faculty and students, administrators and alumni, supporters and friends- strive to shape the University's programs and activities to meet the highest standards of excellence in teaching, research, and public service. -
Trump Administration Allies Have Burrowed Into 24 Critical Civil Service Positions and 187 Last-Minute Appointments
Trump Administration Allies Have Burrowed Into 24 Critical Civil Service Positions And 187 Last-Minute Appointments SUMMARY: Following the outgoing administration’s “quiet push to salt federal agencies with Trump loyalists,” an Accountable.US review has found that, as of February 22, 2021, at least 24 Trump administration political appointees have “burrowed” into long-term civil service jobs in the new Biden administration. This includes at least four figures in the national security apparatus, nine figures with environmental regulators, three figures in the Department of Justice, two figures in the embattled Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, and at least six other appointees elsewhere who have refused to step down in the transition. Burrowing of this sort is not treated lightly, as officials who transfer from political appointments to career positions must undergo scrutiny by federal personnel overseers for a full five years—and some of these cases have been found to violate federal laws and have drawn congressional scrutiny. However, there is a much wider slate of concerning Trump administration appointments that are not subject to such strict oversight: During the Trump administration’s waning days following the 2020 election, it announced 187 last-minute appointments to various boards, commissions, and councils that don’t require Senate confirmation. While some of these appointments have already drawn alarm for going to campaign staffers, megadonors, and top administration allies, Accountable.US has unearthed even more troubling names in Trump’s outgoing deluge. Similar to how early Trump administration personnel picks were directly conflicted against the offices they served, many of these late Trump appointments are woefully underqualified or have histories directly at odds with the positions to which they were named—and they are likely to stay in long into the Biden administration. -
Roosevelt–Truman American Involvement in World War II and Allied Victory in Europe and in Asia
American History wynn w Historical Dictionaries of U.S. Historical Eras, No. 10 w he 1930s were dominated by economic collapse, stagnation, and mass Tunemployment, enabling the Democrats to recapture the White House and w embark on a period of reform unsurpassed until the 1960s. Roosevelt’s New Deal laid the foundations of a welfare system that was further consolidated by roosevelt–truman roosevelt–truman American involvement in World War II and Allied victory in Europe and in Asia. This economic recovery also brought enormous demographic and social changes, HISTORICAL DICTIONARY OF THE OF DICTIONARY HISTORICAL some of which continued after the war had ended. But further political reform was limited because of the impact of the Cold War and America’s new role as the leading superpower in the atomic age. era Historical Dictionary of the Roosevelt–Truman Era examines signifi cant individuals, organizations, and events in American political, economic, social, and cultural history between 1933 and 1953. The turbulent history of this period is told through the book’s chronology, introductory essay, bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on key people, institutions, events, and other important terms. Neil a. wynn is professor of 20th-century American history at the University of Gloucestershire. HISTORICAL DICTIONARY OF THE w roosevelt–truman w w era For orders and information please contact the publisher Scarecrow Press, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefi eld Publishing Group, Inc. COVER DESIGN by Allison Nealon 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200 Lanham, Maryland 20706 ISBN-13: 978-0-8108-5616-5 1-800-462-6420 • fax 717-794-3803 ISBN-10: 0-8108-5616-6 www.scarecrowpress.com 90000 COVER IMAGE: Franklin Delano Roosevelt (right) neil a.