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Cavediggers.Com Magazine Issue #8(PDF Format) The USIA Drysuit CCaavveess..ccoomm By Mark Passerby Exploring the “hard” side of Cave Pictured here is the new USIA Digging, Cave Exploration and http://www.usia.com caving drysuit. The next emerging techniques and page features a background photo of the suit equipment. being worn in-cave in Zicafoose Blowhole. Editor Contact Information I have used the suit now on multiple trips Mark Passerby including two into a cave called Bobcat [email protected] Blowhole(1200’ entrance crawl) and it has per- formed remarkably well and kept me dry and Aaron Bird comfortable. Even in complete water crawls [email protected] and wet muddy areas the suit has kept me completely dry and comfortable. Rachel Bosch [email protected] CONSTRUCTION: the entire suit including integrated booties is made from a tri-ply fabric. Ben Bird The outer surface(black) is a thin finecordura [email protected] with the middle membrane made from a breathable waterproof fabric. Victor Komarov [email protected] High Wear Areas(Red on suit): Joe Sydney These areas on the [email protected] suit are covered with 1000 Cordura and are exceptionally Mailing Address: resistant to wear, P.O. Box 80693 much like what can Lansing, MI 48908 be expected from a 517-896-4376 heavy duty standard cavesuit. The This magazine is published quar- knees have a dou- terly beginning in late February of ble velcro pocket each year. Articles should be pub- that allows for easy lished one month prior to publish- insertion of foam for ing. Subscriptions are $20 per knee protection. year. Mail check to: Mark Passerby, P.O. Box 80693, Boots: Each leg additionally has a complete Lansing, MI 48908. Make check cuff that pulls firmly over the top of the wellies to payable to: Mark Passerby protect against debris entering the boot. An Alternately go to integrated bootie insures that the feet stay http://www.cavediggers.com/member warm and dry. to subscribe online. Waterproof Zippers: The suit is a front entry Most of the activities depicted suit made possible by a sturdy waterproof zip- herein carry a significant risk of per that crosses the chest and further protected personal injury or death. Caving, by an additional zipper and mud flap that effec- cavedigging and other under- tively keeps the waterproof zipper protected ground activities are inherently from mud and debris clogging. dangerous. The owners of Caves.com do not recommend Seals: Seals are provided on both wrists and that anyone participate in these at the neck to insure that water stays out of the activities unless they are experts suit. or have trained with qualified and Contact USIA at 800-247-8070 for pricing info. knowledgeable individuals. Cover Photo: Self photographed drain in Mammoth Cave shot by Chris Anderson Caves.com Features 2 The USIA Dry/Cavesuit by Mark Passerby 4 Cave Maps by XaraX by Tom Lounsbury 13 Carto....Past and Present by Ralph Hartley 14 Creating Survey Groups and Sketch Sheets by Garry Petrie 16 The Search for 2,000m Deep by Alexander Klimchouk and Yury Kasjan 25 Bozhko Cave by Dmitri Sitsikhovsky Additional editing and translation by Vlad Murashov, Victor Komarov, and professor of Perm State University Dr. V.N.Dublyansky Caves.com Cave Maps by XaraX by Tom Lounsbury Introduction Digital cave maps are now easier to draw than ever before. It appears almost everyone has a computer these days and there are a myriad of graphic programs available every- where. I feel that Xara X is the cave cartographers dream come true. Xara X must be the most powerful, lowest costing, most intuitive, graphics drawing program out there with results far easier to obtain than with the other big programs. It brings the reluctant pen and ink cartographer into the digital age for a mere $150.00 and a copy of this free tutorial. That is chicken feed pricing for a graphics program this powerful, capable of doing any- thing a cave cartographer can imagine. Lets compare Freehand, Canvas, Illustrator and Corel Draw at $400 to $500 and never mind the CAD programs at thousands of dollars and a mind-boggling learning curve. Xara X will always win hands down. I have literally seen beginners drawing great maps in less than an hour of hands on training. Xara X is quite simply the best value vector graphics drawing package you can use at this time. I will attempt to provide yet another option for digital cave cartogra- phy through my own personal experience and methods using Xara X. Even though there are several methods that can be used to achieve the same result I will make all attempts to keep it as basic as I can. Xara X has an incredible help file. Xara X's help contains hundreds of pages of information. If you need a hand using the program or want to know how to do something, try searching the help. Not only are there pages describing what all the parts of the program do, there are overviews, pages explaining terms, step-by-step procedures to help you get your work done and many examples You will also find that many pages have buttons you can click to run movies. To open the help, just press F1 on your keyboard. Export formats: .XBM X Windows (2 color) Bitmap Export Formats .BMP Windows Bitmap .XPM X Windows (256 color) .BMP Windows Bitmap (see Creating .DCX DCX .PAL PaintShop Pro Palette BMP files) .PCX PCX .ACT Adobe Color Table .DCX DCX (see Creating DCX files) .GIF CompuServe GIF .ACO Adobe Color Swatch .PCX PCX (see Creating PCX files) .GIF Animated GIF files .GIF CompuServe GIF (see Creating .JPG JPEG GIF files) .PCT PICT EPS Export Formats: .GIF Animated GIF files (see .PNG PNG .AI Illustrator EPS Creating animated .RAS Sun Raster .EPS Illustrator EPS GIF files) .TGA TrueVision TARGA .EPS ArtWorks EPS .JPG JPEG (see Creating JPEG .TIF TIFF (RGB) .EPS Xara X EPS files) .WPG Word Perfect Group (256 .PCT PICT (see Creating PICT files) color) Other Export Formats: .PNG PNG (see Creating PNG files) .XAR CorelXARA .RAS Sun Raster (see Creating RAS .WEB Xara Webster files files) Import formats: .WMF Windows Metafile .TGA TrueVision TARGA (see .EMF Enhanced Windows Metafile Creating TARGA .301 Brook Trout .CMX Corel CMX 5 & 6 files) .BMP Windows Bitmap .HTM Image map .TIF TIFF (RGB) (see Creating TIFF .CAL CALS (2 color) .SWF Macromedia Flash files) .CUT Halo CUT (256 color) .WPG Word Perfect Group (256 .DCX DCX color) (see .GIF CompuServe Graphics EPS Import Formats Creating WPG files) Interchange Format .AI Illustrator EPS (see Importing transparent bitmap .EPS Illustrator EPS EPS Export Formats files) .EPS CorelDRAW 3 & 4 EPS .AI Illustrator EPS .GX2 Storyboard .EPS FreeHand 3.0 EPS .EPS Illustrator EPS .ICA IOCA (2 color) .EPS ArtWorks EPS .EPS ArtWorks EPS .ICO Microsoft Windows Icon (16 Xara X cannot import Photoshop .EPS Xara X EPS (see Xara X EPS color) EPS Overview) .IFF Amiga IFF files; use PSD files instead. .IMG IMG (16 color) Other Export Formats .JPG JPEG Other Import Formats .XAR CorelXARA .KFX KOFAX .XAR CorelXARA (1.1 and 1.5) .WEB Xara Webster files (see .LV LaserView (2 color) .ART Xara Studio Creating Xara .MAC MacPaint (2 color) .WEB Xara Webster files WEB files) .MSP Microsoft Paint (2 color) .AFF Acorn Draw .WMF Windows Metafile (see .PCD PhotoCD .CDR CorelDRAW (3,4 & 5) (see Exporting Windows .PCT PICT Importing CDR Metafiles) .PCX PCX Paintbrush files) .EMF Enhanced Windows Metafile .PBM UNIX monochrome .CDT CorelDRAW Template (see .PGM UNIX grayscale .CMX Corel CMX 5 & 6 (see Exporting Windows Metafiles) .PNG PNG (see Importing transpar- Importing CMX files) .CMX Corel CMX 5 & 6 (see ent bitmap .DRW Acorn Draw Exporting CMX files) files) .HTM Graphics on HTML pages .HTM Image map .PPM UNIX color (up to 24 bit) .WMF Windows Metafile .SWF Macromedia Flash (see .PSD Photoshop .WIX For internal use by Xara Exporting .RAS Sun Raster Macromedia Flash files) .TGA TrueVision TARGA Palette Import Formats .WIX For internal use by Xara .TIF TIFF (RGB, RGBA with alpha- .CPL CorelDRAW Palette channel .PAL CorelDRAW Palette transparency & CMYK) .PAL Microsoft Palette .WPG Word Perfect Group (256 color) Continued on Page 5 Caves.com Page 4 XARA X has many enhancements and improvements over its predecessor, CorelXARA. The pioneers of real-time on screen anti-aliasing and transparency now bring you a whole collection of new features to make Xara X an irresistible choice for the creation of vector graphics of any sort. http://www.xara.com/products/xarax/ You can find lots more information on Xara X, including tutorials, examples, discussions, hints, tips and featured artists at the XaraXone web- site. http://www.xaraxone.com/ Getting started I must only assume you are operating Microsoft Windows 98 or better and have Xara X installed. A free 30 day trial version is available at http://www.xara.com/products/xarax/ You also must have the ability to export the line plot out of your favorite data reduction program as a common graphic form such as a bitmap, metafile, jpeg, tiff etc. I have recently changed from Compass to Winkarst because I like its ability to morph the sketches to the line plot. This now alleviates the need to actually draw the working map. The working map is created for you as you add your scanned sketches. When I am satisfied with all the sketches and the surveying is done I export the map (bitmap) into a folder on my desktop being sure the scale bar is also exported with it being line plot or morphed map.
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