Imperial Mobility and the Kangxi Emperor's Construction Of
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Hwang, Yin (2014) Victory Pictures in a Time of Defeat: Depicting War in the Print and Visual Culture of Late Qing China 1884 ‐ 1901
Hwang, Yin (2014) Victory pictures in a time of defeat: depicting war in the print and visual culture of late Qing China 1884 ‐ 1901. PhD Thesis. SOAS, University of London http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/18449 Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. VICTORY PICTURES IN A TIME OF DEFEAT Depicting War in the Print and Visual Culture of Late Qing China 1884-1901 Yin Hwang Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the History of Art 2014 Department of the History of Art and Archaeology School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 2 Declaration for PhD thesis I have read and understood regulation 17.9 of the Regulations for students of the School of Oriental and African Studies concerning plagiarism. I undertake that all the material presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or in part, by any other person. -
The Jesuit Role As “Experts” in High Qing Cartography and Technology∗
臺大歷史學報第31期 BIBLID1012-8514(2003)31p.223-250 2003年6月,頁223~250 2003.1.7收稿,2003.5.29通過刊登 The Jesuit Role as “Experts” in High Qing Cartography and Technology∗ Benjamin A. Elman∗∗ Abstract Earlier accounts have generally overvalued or undervalued the role of the Jesu- its in Ming-Qing intellectual life. In many cases the Jesuits were less relevant in the ongoing changes occurring in literati learning. In the medical field, for example, before the nineteenth century few Qing physicians (ruyi 儒醫) took early modern European “Galenic” medicine seriously as a threat to native remedies. On the other hand, the Kangxi revival of interest in mathematics was closely tied to the introduc- tion of Jesuit algebra (jiegen fang 借根方), trigonometry (sanjiao xue 三角學), and logarithyms (duishu 對數). In the midst of the relatively “closed door” policies of the Yongzheng emperor and his successors, a large-scale effort to recover and col- late the treasures of ancient Chinese mathematics were prioritized in the late eight- eenth and early nineteenth century. Despite setbacks during the early eighteenth century Rites Controversy, the Jesuits in China remained important “experts” (專家) in the Astro-Calendric Bureau (欽天監) and supervisors in the Qing dynasty’s imperial workshops. Earlier Adam Schall (1592-1666) and Ferdinand Verbiest (1623-1688) had not only championed the role of mathematics in Christianizing literati elites, but they also produced in- struments and weapons at the behest of both the Ming and Qing dynasties. The tech- nical expertise of the Jesuits in the China mission during the eighteenth century also ranged from translating Western texts and maps, introducing surveying methods to producing cannon, pulley systems, sundials, telescopes, water-pumps, musical in- struments, clocks, and other mechanical devices. -
Haoyang Zhao Art Historical and Provenance Research in a Case Study of Huangchao Liqi Tushi
ISSN: 2511–7602 Journal for Art Market Studies 2 (2020) Haoyang Zhao Art Historical and Provenance Research in a Case Study of Huangchao Liqi Tushi ABSTRACT hold pages of the coloured version of the HCLQTS. In Europe, the Victoria & Albert Using an illustrated album of the Qing im- Museum, the National Museum of Scot- perial court of the eighteenth century as a land, the National Museum of Ireland, and case study, the article explores the specific the British Library all have incomplete sec- challenges presented for provenance re- tions of the HCLQTS in their collections. In search by this type of object, as well as the North America, the Mactaggart Collection reciprocal benefits of interlinking research of the University of Alberta Museums also in provenance with that of traditional holds an incomplete section. As research art history. The Huangchao Liqi Tushi on this project is ongoing, a comprehen- (HCLQTS), or the Illustrations of Imperial sive report on the album’s provenance will Ritual Paraphernalia, is an illustrated en- not yet be outlined. Instead, the author cyclopedic album of Qing imperial regula- shares his experience on how disregarded tions and codes. The album discussed here marks on the back of each page, together was potentially looted from the Qing impe- with the materials typically categorised as rial garden, the Yuanming yuan, in 1860 by art historical, provided essential support Anglo-French troops. Today, seven public for provenance investigation in a case institutions across the world are known to where limited records were available. https://www.fokum-jams.org; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/; DOI 10.23690/jams.v4i2.128 Journal for Art Market Studies 2 (2020) Haoyang Zhao Art Historical and Provenance Research in a Case Study of Huangchao Liqi Tushi Introduction In the last two decades, provenance research has become an integral part of academ- ia. -
The Heritage of Non-Theistic Belief in China
The Heritage of Non-theistic Belief in China Joseph A. Adler Kenyon College Presented to the international conference, "Toward a Reasonable World: The Heritage of Western Humanism, Skepticism, and Freethought" (San Diego, September 2011) Naturalism and humanism have long histories in China, side-by-side with a long history of theistic belief. In this paper I will first sketch the early naturalistic and humanistic traditions in Chinese thought. I will then focus on the synthesis of these perspectives in Neo-Confucian religious thought. I will argue that these forms of non-theistic belief should be considered aspects of Chinese religion, not a separate realm of philosophy. Confucianism, in other words, is a fully religious humanism, not a "secular humanism." The religion of China has traditionally been characterized as having three major strands, the "three religions" (literally "three teachings" or san jiao) of Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism. Buddhism, of course, originated in India in the 5th century BCE and first began to take root in China in the 1st century CE, so in terms of early Chinese thought it is something of a latecomer. Confucianism and Daoism began to take shape between the 5th and 3rd centuries BCE. But these traditions developed in the context of Chinese "popular religion" (also called folk religion or local religion), which may be considered a fourth strand of Chinese religion. And until the early 20th century there was yet a fifth: state religion, or the "state cult," which had close relations very early with both Daoism and Confucianism, but after the 2nd century BCE became associated primarily (but loosely) with Confucianism. -
Art of the Mountain
Wang Wusheng, Disciples of Buddha and Fairy Maiden Peak, taken at Peak Lying on the Clouds June 2004, 8 A.M. ART OF THE MOUNTAIN THROUGH THE CHINESE PHOTOGRAPHER’S LENS Organized by China Institute Gallery Curated by Willow Weilan Hai, Jerome Silbergeld, and Rong Jiang A traveling exhibition available through summer 2023 ART OF THE MOUNTAIN: THROUGH THE CHINESE PHOTOGRAPHER’S LENS Organized by China Institute Gallery Curated by Willow Weilan Hai, Jerome Silbergeld, and Rong Jiang A traveling exhibition available through summer 2023 In Chinese legend, mountains are the pillars that hold up the sky. Mountains were seen as places that nurture life. Their veneration took the form of rituals, retreat from social society, and aesthetic appreciation with a defining role in Chinese art and culture. Art of the Mountain will consist of three sections: Revered Mountains of China will introduce the geography, history, legends, and culture that are associated with Chinese mountains and will include photographs by Hou Heliang, Kang Songbai and Kang Liang, Li Daguang, Lin Maozhao, Li Xueliang, Lu Hao, Zhang Anlu, Xiao Chao, Yan Shi, Wang Jing, Zhang Jiaxuan, Zhang Huajie, and Zheng Congli. Landscape Aesthetics in Photography will present Wang Wusheng’s photography of Mount Huangshan, also known as Yellow Mountain, to reflect the renowned Chinese landscape painting aesthetic and its influence. New Landscape Photography includes the works of Hong Lei, Lin Ran, Lu Yanpeng, Shao Wenhuan, Taca Sui, Xiao Xuan’an, Yan Changjiang, Yang Yongliang, Yao Lu, Zeng Han, Gao Hui, and Feng Yan, who express their thoughts on the role of mountains in society. -
Northeast China / Harbin Ice Sculptures 10-Day Tour (CITBD1
China International Travel CA 中國國旅假期[加州] 2 West 5th Avenue / Lower Level Suite 200 (650) 513-1502 / fax (650) 513-1503 San Mateo, CA 94402 / www.chinatravelca.com (888) 648-1568 / [email protected] Northeast China / Harbin Ice Sculptures 10-Day Discount Tour (CITBD1) Shenyang 沈阳 – Changchun 长春 – Jilin 吉林 – Harbin (Haerbin) 哈尔滨 – Dalian 大连 Please note: * Prices listed are for a minimum tour group size of 10 people and a Chinese-speaking tour guide. * For groups of less than 10, availability of bilingual English-speaking tour guides is not guaranteed. * Chinese names are written with the simplified characters used in Mainland China. Day 1: U.S.A. – Beijing – Shenyang AIR Today you will take a deluxe flight to Beijing and from there to Shenyang, a major city in northern China. Day 2: Transfer to Shenyang after arrival in Beijing (Today’s dinner not included) In the evening you will arrive in Shenyang, where you will be greeted at the airport and transported to your hotel for a good night’s rest. Shenyang Accommodations: Crowne Plaza Shenyang Parkview 国际皇冠假日酒店 (5-Star) or equiv- alent http://www.ichotelsgroup.com/h/d/cp/1/en/hotel/shnns Day 3: Shenyang B/L/D Today you will visit the Former Imperial Palace of Shenyang, a complex of palace buildings dating back to the Qing Dynasty that is second only to Beijing’s Forbidden City in historical importance and aesthetic value. Next, you will head to the Luminous Tomb, where Huang Taiji, the founder of the Qing Dynasty, is buried. (The price of the tour includes tickets to enter the main gate only.) Both the Imperial Palace and the Luminous Tomb have been recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. -
Making the Palace Machine Work Palace Machine the Making
11 ASIAN HISTORY Siebert, (eds) & Ko Chen Making the Machine Palace Work Edited by Martina Siebert, Kai Jun Chen, and Dorothy Ko Making the Palace Machine Work Mobilizing People, Objects, and Nature in the Qing Empire Making the Palace Machine Work Asian History The aim of the series is to offer a forum for writers of monographs and occasionally anthologies on Asian history. The series focuses on cultural and historical studies of politics and intellectual ideas and crosscuts the disciplines of history, political science, sociology and cultural studies. Series Editor Hans Hågerdal, Linnaeus University, Sweden Editorial Board Roger Greatrex, Lund University David Henley, Leiden University Ariel Lopez, University of the Philippines Angela Schottenhammer, University of Salzburg Deborah Sutton, Lancaster University Making the Palace Machine Work Mobilizing People, Objects, and Nature in the Qing Empire Edited by Martina Siebert, Kai Jun Chen, and Dorothy Ko Amsterdam University Press Cover illustration: Artful adaptation of a section of the 1750 Complete Map of Beijing of the Qianlong Era (Qianlong Beijing quantu 乾隆北京全圖) showing the Imperial Household Department by Martina Siebert based on the digital copy from the Digital Silk Road project (http://dsr.nii.ac.jp/toyobunko/II-11-D-802, vol. 8, leaf 7) Cover design: Coördesign, Leiden Lay-out: Crius Group, Hulshout isbn 978 94 6372 035 9 e-isbn 978 90 4855 322 8 (pdf) doi 10.5117/9789463720359 nur 692 Creative Commons License CC BY NC ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0) The authors / Amsterdam University Press B.V., Amsterdam 2021 Some rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, any part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise). -
Life, Thought and Image of Wang Zheng, a Confucian-Christian in Late Ming China
Life, Thought and Image of Wang Zheng, a Confucian-Christian in Late Ming China Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Bonn vorgelegt von Ruizhong Ding aus Qishan, VR. China Bonn, 2019 Gedruckt mit der Genehmigung der Philosophischen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Zusammensetzung der Prüfungskommission: Prof. Dr. Dr. Manfred Hutter, Institut für Orient- und Asienwissenschaften (Vorsitzender) Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Kubin, Institut für Orient- und Asienwissenschaften (Betreuer und Gutachter) Prof. Dr. Ralph Kauz, Institut für Orient- und Asienwissenschaften (Gutachter) Prof. Dr. Veronika Veit, Institut für Orient- und Asienwissenschaften (weiteres prüfungsberechtigtes Mitglied) Tag der mündlichen Prüfung:22.07.2019 Acknowledgements Currently, when this dissertation is finished, I look out of the window with joyfulness and I would like to express many words to all of you who helped me. Prof. Wolfgang Kubin accepted me as his Ph.D student and in these years he warmly helped me a lot, not only with my research but also with my life. In every meeting, I am impressed by his personality and erudition deeply. I remember one time in his seminar he pointed out my minor errors in the speech paper frankly and patiently. I am indulged in his beautiful German and brilliant poetry. His translations are full of insightful wisdom. Every time when I meet him, I hope it is a long time. I am so grateful that Prof. Ralph Kauz in the past years gave me unlimited help. In his seminars, his academic methods and sights opened my horizons. Usually, he supported and encouraged me to study more fields of research. -
The Case of Smallpox and the Manchus (1613-1795
Copyright © 2002 Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 57.2 (2002) 177-197 [Access article in PDF] Disease And its Impact on Politics, Diplomacy, and the Military: The Case of Smallpox and the Manchus (1613–1795) Chia-Feng Chang One of the most dramatic events in Chinese history was the rise of the Qing dynasty in 1644. Scholars have suggested various reasons why the Manchus successfully conquered Ming China, but one important reason has long been neglected. An infectious disease, smallpox, played a key role in the story. Smallpox might have served as a barrier, preventing the success of the susceptible Manchus, both during the time of military conquest and in the years that followed. In this essay I explore how the Manchus responded to the danger of smallpox and how smallpox shaped the Manchu military, political, and diplomatic structures during the conquest and the first half of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911). In the late Ming dynasty (1368–1644) smallpox was rare among the peoples who lived beyond the northern borders of China, including the Manchus. For example, Zhang Jiebin (1563–1640), an eminent physician, stated that the northern peoples did not develop the disease. 1 A government official of the time, Xie Zhaozhe, also remarked that the Tartars did not suffer from smallpox. 2 As late as the Qing [End Page 177] dynasty, Zhu Chungu (1634–1718?), who was appointed to practice variolation amongst the Mongols during the Kangxi period (1662–1722), asserted that it was their nomadic lifestyle which protected them. -
Shi Lang: Hero Or Villain? His Evolving Legacy in China and Taiwan
Ronald C. Po Shi Lang: hero or villain? His evolving legacy in China and Taiwan Article (Accepted version) (Refereed) Original citation: Po, Ronald C. (2017) Shi Lang: hero or villain? His evolving legacy in China and Taiwan. Modern Asian Studies . ISSN 0026-749X © 2017 Cambridge University Press This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/81309/ Available in LSE Research Online: June 2017 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s final accepted version of the journal article. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. Shi Lang: Hero or Villain? His Evolving Legacy in China and Taiwan Ronald C. Po London School of Economics [Accepted to be published in Modern Asian Studies (2018)] Abstract For over two centuries, some of China’s most prominent officials, literary figures, and intellectuals have paid special attention to the legacy of Shi Lang. -
Eclipses and the Victory of European Astronomy in China
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine (EASTM - Universität Tübingen) EASTM 27 (2007): 127-145 Eclipses and the Victory of European Astronomy in China Lü Lingfeng [Lü Lingfeng is associate professor at Department of History of Science and Archaeometry, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC). He re- ceived his Ph.D. from USTC in 2002. He was Alexander von Humboldt Research Fellow at Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg from December 2004 to November 2006.] * * * In the late Ming dynasty, European astronomy was introduced into China by the Jesuits. After a long period of competition with traditional Chinese astronomy, it finally came to dominate imperial astronomy in the early Qing dynasty. Accord- ing to historical documents, the most important factor in the success of European astronomy in China was its exactitude in the calculation of celestial phenomena, especially solar and lunar eclipses, which not only played a very special role in traditional Chinese political astrology but belonged among the most important celestial events for judging the precision of a system of calendrical astronomy. 1 This was true in ancient China from the Eastern Han (25-220) period all the way up to the late Ming period (1368-1644). During the calendar-debate between European, Islamic and Chinese astronomy in the Chongzhen reign period (1628- 1644), Xu Guangqi 徐 光 啟 (1562-1633) 2 also pointed out: “The erroneousness and exactness of a calendrical system can obviously only be seen from eclipses, while other phenomena are all too shady and dull to serve as indication.” 3 Re- cently, Shi Yunli and I have made a systematic analysis of the degree of precision of both the calculation and the observation of luni-solar eclipses in the late Ming 1 The astronomer Liu Hong 劉 洪 of the Eastern Han dynasty pointed out that eclipse prediction was an important way to check the accuracy of a calendar. -
(Dbqs) the QING DYNASTY “SACRED EDICT”
Primary Source Document with Questions (DBQs) T H E Q I N G D Y N A S T Y “ S A C R E D E D I C T ” Introduction The “Sacred Edict” was a set of moral and governmental instructions promulgated by imperial authority for use in local rituals conducted throughout the Qing empire. The Edict was promulgated by the Kangxi emperor (r. 1662- 1722) and revised to its current form of Sixteen Maxims by his son, the Yongzheng emperor (r. 1723-1735). The Edict would be recited regularly at village lectures, which were a form of moral instruction initiated by the Ming emperor Hongwu but more systematically carried out by the Qing than by the Ming imperial government. Document Excerpts with Questions (Longer selection follows this section) From Sources of Chinese Tradition: From 1600 Through the Twentieth Century, compiled by Wm. Theodore de Bary and Richard Lufrano, 2nd ed., vol. 2 (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000), 71-72. © 2000 Columbia University Press. Reproduced with the permission of the publisher. All rights reserved. The Qing Dynasty “Sacred Edict” 1. Esteem most highly filial piety and brotherly submission, in order to give due importance to human moral relations. 2. Behave with generosity toward your kindred, in order to illustrate harmony and benignity. 3. Cultivate peace and concord in your neighborhoods, in order to prevent quarrels and litigations. 4. Give importance to agriculture and sericulture, in order to ensure a sufficiency of clothing and food. 5. Show that you prize moderation and economy, in order to prevent the lavish waste of your means.