Vietnam's New Middle Classes

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Vietnam's New Middle Classes Daily life in Asia’s newest mega-urban region Vietnam has been transformed over the past quarter of a cen- EARL VIETNAM’S NEW tury by massive industrialization and urbanization that followed macro-economic reforms introduced from the late 1980s. This volume explores the social consequences of this change by delving MIDDLE CLASSES into the lives and aspirations of young women graduates who have VIETNAM’S NEW MIDDLE CLASSES come to Ho Chi Minh City in search of success in the city’s grow- Gender, Career, City ing graduate labour market. They are part of Vietnam’s new middle class, an educated and affluent segment of society growing with the rapid urbanization of Vietnam’s major cities. This rich, person- centred ethnography argues that the country’s mega-urban South- east region enables young women, so long as they remain single, to realize aspirations for betterment that affect not only their own lives, but those of their families and communities who remain in rural Vietnam. It thus highlights the important social role of remit- tances and the salience of kinship during periods of social trans- formation. The volume concludes with a wide-ranging look at the emergence of middle classes in Pacific Asia in order to locate the Vietnamese new middle class within a globalizing context. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Catherine Earl is a social anthropologist and research fellow at Federation Business School, Federation University Australia. She is frequent visitor to Vietnam and she has published on social mobility, social welfare and social change in Vietnam and in Australia GENDERING ASIA a series on gender intersections www.niaspress.dk CATHERINE EARL Earl-pbk-cover.indd 1 10/07/2014 18:50 VIETNAM’S NEW MIDDLE CLASSES Earl book final.indd 1 11/07/2014 17:11 GENDERING ASIA A Series on Gender Intersections Gendering Asia is a well-established and exciting series addressing the ways in which power and constructions of gender, sex, sexuality and the body intersect with one another and pervade contemporary Asian societies. The series invites discussion of how people shape their identities as females or males and, at the same time, become shaped by the very societies in which they live. The series is concerned with the region as a whole in order to capture the wide range of understandings and practices that are found in East, Southeast and South Asian societies with respect to gendered roles and relations in various social, political, religious, and economic contexts. As a multidisciplinary series, Gendering Asia explores theoretical, empirical and methodological issues in the social sciences. Series Editors: Wil Burghoorn, Gothenburg University; Cecilia Milwertz, NIAS; and Helle Rydstrøm, Lund University (contact details at: http://www.niaspress.dk). 1. Working and Mothering in Asia. Images, Ideologies and Identities, edited by Theresa W. Devasahayam and Brenda S.A. Yeoh 2. Making Fields of Merit. Buddhist Female Ascetics and Gendered Orders in Thailand, by Monica Lindberg Falk 3. Gender Politics in Asia. Women Manoeuvring within Dominant Gender Orders, edited by Wil Burghoorn, Kazuki Iwanaga, Cecilia Milwertz and Qi Wang 4. Lost Goddesses. The Denial of Female Power in Cambodian History, by Trudy Jacobsen 5 Gendered Inequalities in Asia. Configuring, Contesting and Recognizing Women and Men, edited by Helle Rydstrøm 6. Submitting to God. Women and Islam in Urban Malaysia, by Sylva Frisk 7. The Authority of Influence. Women and Power in Burmese History, by Jessica Harriden 8. Beyond the Singapore Girl. Discourses of Gender and Nation in Singapore, by Chris Hudson 9. Vietnam’s New Middle Classes: Gender, Career, City by Catherine Earl NIAS Press is the autonomous publishing arm of NIAS – Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, a research institute located at the University of Copenhagen. NIAS is partially funded by the governments of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden via the Nordic Council of Ministers, and works to encourage and support Asian studies in the Nordic countries. In so doing, NIAS has been publishing books since 1969, with more than two hundred titles produced in the past few years. UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN Nordic Council of Ministers Earl book final.indd 2 11/07/2014 17:11 VIETNAM’S NEW MIDDLE CLASSES Gender, Career, City CATHERINE EARL Earl book final.indd 3 11/07/2014 17:11 Nordic Institute of Asian Studies Gendering Asia series, no. 9 First published in 2014 by NIAS Press NIAS – Nordic Institute of Asian Studies Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark Tel: +45 3532 9501 • Fax: +45 3532 9549 E-mail: [email protected] • Online: www.niaspress.dk © Catherine Earl 2014 A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 978-87-7694-145-1 (hbk) ISBN: 978-87-7694-146-8 (pbk) Typeset in Arno Pro 12/14.4 Typesetting by Lene Jakobsen Printed in Great Britain by Marston Book Services Limited, Oxfordshire Cover illustrations: (behind) ‘300th anniversary of Saigon/Ho Chi Minh City’, a billboard designed by Phan Hoai Phi (from ‘Tranh cổ động’ [Propaganda posters], Trường Đại học Mỹ thuật Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, 2000); and (front) reworking of an image by an unknown artist (all efforts to locate the artist have failed but we would be happy to hear from him/her). Earl book final.indd 4 11/07/2014 17:11 Contents Acknowledgements vii 1. Middle classes in post-reform Ho Chi Minh City 1 2. Urban middle classes in postcolonial Saigon 49 3. Living in twenty-first century Ho Chi Minh City 87 4. Lifestyles of professional work 109 5. New middle-class leisure culture 135 6. Social mobility in a multi-dimensional family 172 7. Delaying and desiring marriage 209 8. Conclusion 240 References 271 Index 302 Earl book final.indd 5 11/07/2014 17:11 Earl book final.indd 6 11/07/2014 17:11 Acknowledgements his research began as a doctoral project at Victoria University in Australia. The fieldwork was funded by grants from the T Department of Asian and International Studies and the Secomb Travel Fund at Victoria University, and the Australian Federation of University Women E. M. Hinder Bursary for Research in Southeast Asia. In Ho Chi Minh City, my research was hosted initially by the Faculty of Oriental Studies and later by the Department of Sociology at the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University. The Nordic Institute of Asian Studies hosted me during the preparation of the manuscript. I am indebted to Mark Stevenson, Marc Askew, Phan Văn Giưỡng, Bùi Khánh Thế, Philip Taylor, Ngan Collins, Nguyễn Hồng Xoan, Trần Phi Phượng, Irina Vasilenka, Anastasia Sai, Noni Basalama, Minna Hakkarainen, and Adam Fforde who provided inspiration, motivation, criticism and humour throughout the project. My thanks go to my fabulous editors at NIAS Press Gerald Jackson and Leena Höskuldsson who made the process seamless. Most importantly, I acknowledge my informants in Ho Chi Minh City and the willingness with which they participated in the research. I am grateful for the sup- port of my family and friends in Australia, Vietnam and Denmark who accommodated and sustained me throughout the project. Earlier versions of sections in chapters 1, 2, 4, 5 and 7 have appeared in ‘Cosmopolitan or Cultural Dissonance? Middle-Class Encounters with the Other’, in Marika Vicziany and Robert Cribb (eds), Proceedings of the 17th Biennial Conference of the Asian Studies Association of Australia, Melbourne, Australia: Is this the Asian Century? Melbourne: Monash Asia Institute, Monash University, 2008, pp. 1–15; ‘Post-War Mobilities: Gender, Poverty and Opportunity in Vietnam’s Third Wave of Mass Urban Migration’, Children in War: The International Journal of Evacuee and War Child Studies, Vol. 1, No. 10, May 2013, pp. 71–6; and ‘Vietnam’s “Informal Public” Spaces: Belonging and Social Distance in Post-Reform Ho Chi Minh City’, Journal of Vietnamese Studies, Vol. 5, No. 1, February 2010, pp. 86–124. vii Earl book final.indd 7 11/07/2014 17:11 Earl book final.indd 8 11/07/2014 17:11 CHAPTER ONE Middle classes in post-reform Ho Chi Minh City n 1998 I arrived in Ho Chi Minh City for a Vietnamese language course and was immediately struck by the number of communist I slogans in yellow capitals on red banners strung across the major streets. The banners were not an everyday decoration but celebrated 300 years of Vietnamese settlement in Saigon. A number of colourful billboards also decorated the street corners at major intersections. Waiting on my bicycle in the traffic, I noticed a billboard that depicted Vietnamese society on the occasion of the 300th anniversary. A line of eight citizens facing a sketched cityscape – modern and progressive con- crete buildings and a parked car – exemplified Ho Chi Minh City society. At the back stood a young trio: the men in a shirt and tie and the woman in a plain blue áo dài traditional dress, the typical uniforms of state em- ployees at that time. In front of them, in the middle of the group stood a male civil servant in a khaki uniform and a female agricultural worker in a black áo bà ba peasant blouse, a sheath of rice in her arms. At the front of the group stood a construction worker in an orange boiler suit, a scientist carrying his technical books, and a schoolgirl in a blue uniform with a knotted red neck scarf. It was the prominence of the skilled and educated at the forefront of society and the centre of the billboard that was striking. In the 1990s, contributions of educated young women had become so important in the post-reform urban economy that positive aspects of đổi mới, the nation-wide macro-economic reform introduced in 1986, were symbolized by images of middle-class urban schoolgirls (nữ sinh) representing youth, mobility, modernity, cultural vitality and pride (Werner 2002, p.
Recommended publications
  • Mva in Vietnam
    mva in vietnam MVA - Corporate Overview MVA, a SYSTRA Group company, is a leading transport planning and trac engineering specialist consultancy in Asia. MVA set up its Recent Key Project Experience in Vietnam regional head oce in Hong Kong in 1978, with permanent oces Ho Chi Minh City Metro Line 2 in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Singapore, Bangkok and project oces in Ho Chi Minh City and other Asian cities. MVA oers a complete range of professional consultancy services in trac engineering, transport planning, and business market research. Working closely with public and private sectors including governments, NGOs, operators, nancial institutions, development MVA’s involvement in Ho Chi Minh City’s Metro Line 2 includes fund agencies, developers, investors, architects, planners, engineers, station planning, transport planning, trac masterplanning and and contractors. MVA is experienced in providing consultancy trac engineering. services from initial concept stages, through planning, feasibility, detailed design to construction. MVA developed land and transport integration measures for the major metro line proposed for Ho Chi Minh City, allowing for global MVA in Vietnam climate and local environmental impacts. MVA has been involved in several prestigious transportation Ho Chi Minh City Green Transport Development Project - projects in Vietnam. Projects have been undertaken on behalf of Bus Rapid Transit both public and private sector clients, including major strategy studies sponsored by overseas funding organisations. MVA’s Vietnam project oce regularly works with local rms, combining international local expertise, knowledge, and experience. Transport Forecasting in Vietnam Through involvement on previous projects, MVA has developed MVA’s “Green-corridor” demonstration project was a design of a BRT up-to-date and detailed multi-modal transport forecasting models network for CNG vehicles to decongest the streets of Ho Chi Minh for both Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi.
    [Show full text]
  • New Economies of Sex and Intimacy in Vietnam by Kimberly Kay Hoang
    New Economies of Sex and Intimacy in Vietnam by Kimberly Kay Hoang A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology and the Designated Emphasis in Women, Gender, and Sexuality in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Raka Ray, Chair Professor Barrie Thorne Professor Irene Bloemraad Professor Peter Zinoman Fall 2011 New Economies of Sex and Intimacy Copyright 2011 by Kimberly Kay Hoang Abstract New Economies of Sex and Intimacy in Vietnam by Kimberly Kay Hoang Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology and the Designated Emphasis in Women, Gender, and Sexuality University of California, Berkeley Professor Raka Ray, Chair Over the past two decades, scholars have paid particular attention to the growth of global sex tourism, a trade marked by convergence between the global and local production and consumption of sexual services. In the increasingly global economy, the movement of people and capital around the world creates new segments of sex work, with diverse groups of consumers and providers. This dissertation examines the dialectical link between intimacy and political economy. I examine how changes in the global economy structure relations of intimacy between clients and sex workers; and how intimacy can be a vital form of currency that shapes economic and political relations. I trace new economies of sex and intimacy in Vietnam by moving from daily worlds of sex work in Ho Chi Minh City [HCMC] to incorporate a more structural and historical analysis. Drawing on 15 months of ethnography (2009-2010) working as a bartender and hostess I analyze four different bars that cater to wealthy local Vietnamese men and their Asian business partners, overseas Vietnamese men living in the diaspora, Western expatriates, and Western budget travelers.
    [Show full text]
  • Logistics Capacity Assessment Nepal
    IA LCA – Nepal 2009 Version 1.05 Logistics Capacity Assessment Nepal Country Name Nepal Official Name Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal Regional Bureau Bangkok, Thailand Assessment Assessment Date: From 16 October 2009 To: 6 November 2009 Name of the assessors Rich Moseanko – World Vision International John Jung – World Vision International Rajendra Kumar Lal – World Food Programme, Nepal Country Office Title/position Email contact At HQ: [email protected] 1/105 IA LCA – Nepal 2009 Version 1.05 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Country Profile....................................................................................................................................................................3 1.1. Introduction / Background.........................................................................................................................................5 1.2. Humanitarian Background ........................................................................................................................................6 1.3. National Regulatory Departments/Bureau and Quality Control/Relevant Laboratories ......................................16 1.4. Customs Information...............................................................................................................................................18 2. Logistics Infrastructure .....................................................................................................................................................33 2.1. Port Assessment .....................................................................................................................................................33
    [Show full text]
  • 2021「關懷有饍」中小企食肆資助計劃 "Care and Share" SME Caterers Subsidy Scheme 2021 參與食肆名單 List of Participating Eateries
    2021「關懷有饍」中小企食肆資助計劃 "Care and Share" SME Caterers Subsidy Scheme 2021 參與食肆名單 List of Participating Eateries 食肆名稱 NAME OF EATERY 食肆地址 ADDRESS OF EATERY 東區 EASTERN DISTRICT 美食一族 Delicious Snack Food 小西灣小西灣道18號富景花園商場地下42號鋪 Shop 42, G/F, Fullview Garden Shopping Centre, 18 Siu Sai Wan Road, Siu Sai Wan 滋味棧甜品快餐店 Chi Mei Chen Desert & Fast Food Shop 小西灣小西灣道23號富怡花園地下45號鋪 Shop 45, G/F., Cheerful Garden, 23 Siu Sai Wan Road, Siu Sai Wan 理想店旺旺咖啡座 Perfect Cafe 小西灣小西灣道28號藍灣半島廣場地下6號鋪 Shop 6, G/F, Island Resort Mall, 28 Siu Sai Wan Road, Siu Sai Wan Shop 303, 3/F, Siu Sai Wan Plaza, Siu Sai Wan Estate, 10 Siu Sai Wan Road, Siu Sai 龍悅 Dragon Delight 小西灣小西灣道10號小西灣邨小西灣廣場3樓303號鋪 Wan 阿詩瑪雲南風味軒 Ashima Yunnan Restaurant 太古城太古城道18號太古城中心地下003-004號鋪 Shop 003-004, G/F, Cityplaza, 18 Taikoo Shing Road, Taikoo Shing 太古城太古城道26號第4期齊宮閣地下G411號鋪及 G/F, T-24 Han Kung Mansion & Shop G411, Chai Kung Mansion, Stage IV, 26 Taikoo 華昌粥麵 Wah Cheong Congee & Noodles 漢宮閣(24座)地下 Shing Road, Taikoo Shing 樂意粉麵 Lok Yee Restaurant 北角七姊妹道193C至195號地下 G/F, 193C-195 Tsat Tsz Mui Road, North Point 東泰茶餐廳 Tung Tai Restaurant 北角七姊妹道106至110號富邦大廈地下2號鋪 Unit 2, G/F, Fu Bong Mansion, 106-110 Tsat Tsz Mui Road, North Point 海洋餐廳 Ocean Restaurant 北角丹拿道52-58號地下D號鋪 Shop D, G/F., 52-58 Tanner Road, North Point 姨婆瑪麗 Ipoh Mari 北角北角道10號北角亞太商業中心地下1號鋪 Shop 1, G/F, NPAC, 10 North Point Road, North Point 小城鎮 Little Town 北角明園西街2-6號明苑中心地下4號鋪 Shop No. 4, G/F., Ming Yuen Centre, 2-6 Ming Yuen Western Street, North Point 知粥嘗樂 Congee Wonderland 北角英皇道175號地下 G/F, 175 King's Road, North Point 海家.小品 Aquadeli 北角英皇道431號安寧大廈地下4號鋪 Shop No.
    [Show full text]
  • ARLT 101G | the American War in Vietnam Prof. Viet Nguyen Class
    ARLT 101G | The American War in Vietnam Prof. Viet Nguyen Class meets TTH 12:30-1:50, in THH 201, with an additional discussion section and film screenings. Film screenings and locations are in the syllabus below. Office hours: T 2-4, W 1-2, and by appointment Office location: THH 404D Contact information: [email protected] or 213-740-3746. Emails preferred, as I hardly ever check my office voicemail. Teaching assistants Deborah Al-Najjar, Robert Eap, and Viet Le will provide their own section syllabi with office hours and contact information. COURSE OVERVIEW The Vietnam War is still invoked in debates over current American wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. This course provides an introduction to the war’s history in order for today’s Americans to understand some of the key factors leading the US into its current geopolitical situation. Since the war remains poorly understood and remembered, the course begins over a century ago in the French colonial era (1887-1954), spends the bulk of its time on the period of American involvement (1954-1975), and ends with postwar legacies in Southeast Asia and the United States. The course is a multidisciplinary, multicultural and international overview of the war’s history and its afterlife in American and Vietnamese memory. Student reading will draw primarily from films, literature, art, journalism, historical writing, and political discourse, while lectures will provide necessary historical and political background. The course corrects a fundamental flaw in the American pedagogy and scholarship on Vietnam, which mostly sees the country, people, and war purely from the perspective of American self-interest and ethnocentrism.
    [Show full text]
  • Reducing Carbon Emissions from Transport Projects
    Evaluation Study Reference Number: EKB: REG 2010-16 Evaluation Knowledge Brief July 2010 Reducing Carbon Emissions from Transport Projects Independent Evaluation Department ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank APTA – American Public Transportation Association ASIF – activity–structure–intensity–fuel BMRC – Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation BRT – bus rapid transit CO2 – carbon dioxide COPERT – Computer Programme to Calculate Emissions from Road Transport DIESEL – Developing Integrated Emissions Strategies for Existing Land Transport DMC – developing member country EIRR – economic internal rate of return EKB – evaluation knowledge brief g – grams GEF – Global Environment Facility GHG – greenhouse gas HCV – heavy commercial vehicle IEA – International Energy Agency IED – Independent Evaluation Department IPCC – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change kg/l – kilogram per liter km – kilometer kph – kilometer per hour LCV – light commercial vehicle LRT – light rail transit m – meter MJ – megajoule MMUTIS – Metro Manila Urban Transportation Integration Study MRT – metro rail transit NAMA – nationally appropriate mitigation actions NH – national highway NHDP – National Highway Development Project NMT – nonmotorized transport NOx – nitrogen oxide NPV – net present value PCR – project completion report PCU – passenger car unit PRC – People’s Republic of China SES – special evaluation study TA – technical assistance TEEMP – transport emissions evaluation model for projects UNFCCC – United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USA – United States of America V–C – volume to capacity VKT – vehicle kilometer of travel VOC – vehicle operating cost NOTE In this report, “$” refers to US dollars. Key Words adb, asian development bank, greenhouse gas, carbon emissions, transport, emission saving, carbon footprint, adb transport sector operation, induced traffic, carbon dioxide emissions, vehicles, roads, mrt, metro transport Director General H.
    [Show full text]
  • Women's Entrepreneurship Development in Vietnam I.4 General Profile of Interviewed Enterprises
    International VIETNAM CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY Labour Organization in Vietnam Women’s Entrepreneurship Development in Vietnam The Vietnam Women Entrepreneurs Council (VWEC) Women’s Entrepreneurship Development in Vietnam The Vietnam Women Entrepreneurs Council (VWEC) September 2007 Copyright © International Labour Organization 2007 Table of contents Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or FOREWORDS....................................................................................................... 3 translation, application should be made to the Publications Bureau (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland. The International Labour Office ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................. 5 welcomes such applications. ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................... 7 Libraries, institutions and other users registered in the United Kingdom with the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP [Fax: (+44) (0)20 7631 5500; LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES.............................................................................. 8 email: [email protected]], in the United States with the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive,
    [Show full text]
  • How to Play in a Band with 2 Chordal Instruments
    FEBRUARY 2020 VOLUME 87 / NUMBER 2 President Kevin Maher Publisher Frank Alkyer Editor Bobby Reed Reviews Editor Dave Cantor Contributing Editor Ed Enright Creative Director ŽanetaÎuntová Design Assistant Will Dutton Assistant to the Publisher Sue Mahal Bookkeeper Evelyn Oakes ADVERTISING SALES Record Companies & Schools Jennifer Ruban-Gentile Vice President of Sales 630-359-9345 [email protected] Musical Instruments & East Coast Schools Ritche Deraney Vice President of Sales 201-445-6260 [email protected] Advertising Sales Associate Grace Blackford 630-359-9358 [email protected] OFFICES 102 N. Haven Road, Elmhurst, IL 60126–2970 630-941-2030 / Fax: 630-941-3210 http://downbeat.com [email protected] CUSTOMER SERVICE 877-904-5299 / [email protected] CONTRIBUTORS Senior Contributors: Michael Bourne, Aaron Cohen, Howard Mandel, John McDonough Atlanta: Jon Ross; Boston: Fred Bouchard, Frank-John Hadley; Chicago: Alain Drouot, Michael Jackson, Jeff Johnson, Peter Margasak, Bill Meyer, Paul Natkin, Howard Reich; Indiana: Mark Sheldon; Los Angeles: Earl Gibson, Andy Hermann, Sean J. O’Connell, Chris Walker, Josef Woodard, Scott Yanow; Michigan: John Ephland; Minneapolis: Andrea Canter; Nashville: Bob Doerschuk; New Orleans: Erika Goldring, Jennifer Odell; New York: Herb Boyd, Bill Douthart, Philip Freeman, Stephanie Jones, Matthew Kassel, Jimmy Katz, Suzanne Lorge, Phillip Lutz, Jim Macnie, Ken Micallef, Bill Milkowski, Allen Morrison, Dan Ouellette, Ted Panken, Tom Staudter, Jack Vartoogian; Philadelphia: Shaun Brady; Portland: Robert Ham; San Francisco: Yoshi Kato, Denise Sullivan; Seattle: Paul de Barros; Washington, D.C.: Willard Jenkins, John Murph, Michael Wilderman; Canada: J.D. Considine, James Hale; France: Jean Szlamowicz; Germany: Hyou Vielz; Great Britain: Andrew Jones; Portugal: José Duarte; Romania: Virgil Mihaiu; Russia: Cyril Moshkow; South Africa: Don Albert.
    [Show full text]
  • The Incidence of Sexual Harassment Among Female Vietnam War Era Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms
    California State University, San Bernardino CSUSB ScholarWorks Theses Digitization Project John M. Pfau Library 1998 The incidence of sexual harassment among female Vietnam War era veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms Carolyn Bong Ai Ogden Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project Part of the Gender and Sexuality Commons Recommended Citation Ogden, Carolyn Bong Ai, "The incidence of sexual harassment among female Vietnam War era veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms" (1998). Theses Digitization Project. 1456. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1456 This Project is brought to you for free and open access by the John M. Pfau Library at CSUSB ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses Digitization Project by an authorized administrator of CSUSB ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE INCIDENCE OF SEXUiUlj HARASSMENT AMONG FEMALE VIETNAM WAR ERA VETERANS WITH POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER SYMPTOMS A Project Presented to the Faculty of California State University, San Bernardino In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Social Work by Carolyn Bong Ai Ogden June 1998 THE INCIDENCE OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT AMONG FEMALE VIETNAM WAR ERA VETERANS WITH POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER SYMPTOMS A Project Presented to the Faculty of California State University, San Bernardino by Carolyn Bong Ai Ogden June 1998 Approved by: Dr. Ma:^]orie H\int ate Project Advisor, Social Work Dr. Rosemary Mccaslin, Co-Chair, Date Research Sequence, Social Work (c) 1998 Carolyn B. Ogden. All rights reserved I don't regret going [to Vietnam]. It was awful and awesome at the same time.
    [Show full text]
  • GMT Report2012.Qxp
    GLOBAL METRO PROJECTS REPORT 2012 Metropolitan railways (metros) are high capacity electric transport systems that operate on dedicated routes, and can thereby achieve high service speed and frequency. Over the last few years, metros (also known as subway, underground or tube) have evolved as an efficient and effective urban mobility solution in addressing the growing concerns of urbanisation and climate change. This is supported by the fact that despite high capital requirements the sector witnessed a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.7 per cent between 2005 and 2010. In high density urban areas, metros form the backbone of integrated public transport systems and offer proven economic, social and environmental benefits. Given the huge investment requirement and long life span, metro systems have always been a driving force for technological and financial innovations. Government and metro operators are constantly seeking solutions to improve reliability and customer service, lower fuel and maintenance costs, as well as increase efficiency and safety levels in operations. The Global Metro Projects Report provides updated information on the world's top 101 metro projects that present significant capital investment opportunities. These projects have a total existing network length of about 8,900 km and a proposed length of over 8,000 km. The report covers 51 countries representing about 80 per cent of the world’s gross domestic product. It presents the key information required to assess investment opportunities in the development of new lines, extension and upgrade of existing lines, rolling stock procurement and refurbishment, power and communication systems upgrades, fare collection, as well as station construction and refurbishment.
    [Show full text]
  • Kimmel Center Announces 2019/20 Jazz Season
    Tweet it! JUST ANNOUNCED! @KimmelCenter 19/20 #Jazz Season features a fusion of #tradition and #innovation with genre-bending artists, #Grammy Award-winning musicians, iconic artists, and trailblazing new acts! More info @ kimmelcenter.org Press Contact: Lauren Woodard Jessica Christopher 215-790-5835 267-765-3738 [email protected] [email protected] KIMMEL CENTER ANNOUNCES 2019/20 JAZZ SEASON STAR-STUDDED LINEUP INCLUDES MULTI-GRAMMY® AWARD-WINNING CHICK COREA TRILOGY, GENRE-BENDING ARTISTS BLACK VIOLIN AND BÉLA FLECK & THE FLECKTONES, GROUNDBREAKING SOLOISTS, JAZZ GREATS, RISING STARS & MORE! MORE THAN 100,000 HAVE EXPERIENCED JAZZ @ THE KIMMEL ECLECTIC. IMMERSIVE. UNEXPECTED. PACKAGES ON SALE TODAY! FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE (Philadelphia, PA, April 30, 2019) –– The Kimmel Center Cultural Campus announces its eclectic 2019/20 Jazz Season, featuring powerhouse collaborations, critically-acclaimed musicians, and culturally diverse masters of the craft. Offerings include a fusion of classical compositions with innovative hip-hop sounds, Grammy® Award-winning performers, plus versatile arrangements rooted in tradition. Throughout the season, the varied programming showcases the evolution of jazz – from the genre’s legendary history in Philadelphia to the groundbreaking new artists who continue to pioneer music for future generations. The 2019/20 season will kick off on October 11 with pianist/composer hailed as “the genius of the modern piano,” Marcus Roberts & the Modern Jazz Generation, followed on October 27
    [Show full text]
  • 2013-14 Annual Report
    East Asian Studies Program and Department Annual Report 2013-2014 Table of Contents Director’s Letter .....................................................................................................................................................................1 Department and Program News .............................................................................................................................................3 Department and Program News ........................................................................................................................................3 Departures .........................................................................................................................................................................4 Language Programs ...........................................................................................................................................................5 Thesis Prizes ......................................................................................................................................................................6 EAS Department Majors .................................................................................................................................................. 6 EAS Language and Culture Certificate Students ..............................................................................................................7 EAS Program Certificate Students ....................................................................................................................................7
    [Show full text]