. 'p. . .

.I:*?<

A. .'%

t ~,d . .: NASA . ... Technical Memorandum

i

NASA TM -86508

=..r' ;a ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT FOR (STS- SIC) LAUNCH a * r. T P .""5, . tr

. , By G. L. Jasper, D. L. Johnson, C. K. Hill, < 3. I i and G. W. Batts ;7 Systems Dynamics Laboretory -9+

f &!

"-4 April 1985 3 * tku

(YASA-TIl-86508) ATPIOSPBEBIC IIVIRONI!SEYT ECIB N65-3054'1 .-.. SPACE SflUl?LL ($35-SIC) LAGNCH (NASA) 43 p y HC A01 CSCL 048 -z, A33/MP ..- Uric la r G3/47 21666 *I.

, .c:i .. ,* *.-' I L "'.b I* r * . 8 .. i *1: s. i ,+ t .' L.: $ i 4. -+ ,;$ :3 :3 NASA \5"; Nat~onalAeronaut~cs and ..w* Space Adm~nistrat~on r' George C. Marshall Space Flight Center

MSFC - Form 3190 (Rev. Mev 1983) 'I'CCHNICAL REPORT STANDARD TITLE PAGE 1. REPORT NO. 12. GOVCRNMWT ACCESSION NO. 19. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NO. NASA TM-86508 I I . TITLE AND SUlTlTLE 15.. . REPORT DATE April 1985 Atmospheric Environment for Space Shuttle (STS-51C) 6. PERFORMlNG ORGANlZATlON COOE Launch

7. AUTHoR(I(S) 8. PERFORMING ORGAN1 ZAf!ON REPOR r #i , G. L. Jasper, D. L. Johnson, C. K. Hill, and G. W. Batts* S. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION MA* AMD ADDRESS 10. WORK UNIT NO. George C. Marshall Space Flight Center 1 1. CONTRACT OR GRANT NO. . I Marshall Space Flight Center, Alabama 35812 13. TYPE OF REP3R-t & PERIOD COVERED 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AN0 ADDRESS National Aeronautics and Space Administration Technical Memorandum Washington, D .C . 20546

I 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 1 I Prepared by Systems Dynamics Laboratory, Science and Engineering I *Computer Sciences Corporation, Huntsville, Alabama. 16, ABSTRACT

This report presents a summary of selected atmospheric conditions observed near Space Shuttle STS-51C launch time on January 24, 1985, at , Florida. Values of ambient pressure, temperature, moisture, ground winds, visud observations (cloud), and winds aloft are included. The sequence of pre- lau~chJimsphere measured vertical wind profiles is given in this report. The final atmospheric tape, which consists of wind and thermodynamic parameters versus altitude, for STS-51C vehicle ascent has been constructed. The STS-51C ascent atmospheric data tape has been constructed by Marshall Space Flight Center's Atmospheric Sciences Division to provide an internally consistent data set for use in post flight performance assessments.

17. KEY WORDS 18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT STS- SIC Launch .4tmospheric Summary Pressure Temperature Relative Humidity Winds, Winds Aloft, Clouds Unclassified - Unlimited Space Shuttle -- I 1s. SECURITY CLASS'F. (dtbb m$d\ 20. SECURITY CLASSIF. (of thlr -re) Unclassified Unclassified ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors wish to thank the personnel at NASA Kennedy Space Center, along with those at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and their Pan American World Airways contractors, for the acquisition and distribution of all related atmospheric data received at MSFC . Thanks are due to David Keller and Paul Meyer of the Atmospheric Effects Branch, MSFC, for their help in extracting atmospheric data and satellite cloud photo- graphs that are used in this report. Also, special thanks to Messrs. Bill Jeffries, . Joyce Bailey, and Bobby Vayda of Computer Sciences Corporation for their assistance in processing all the upper air data used in producing the STS-51C final atmospheric data tapes. Finally, appreciation is expressed to Rhonda Blocker and Steve Edwards of Boeing Computer Support Services for the GRA model and ESDB computer support, respectively. TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page I. INTRODUCTION...... 11. SOURCES OF DATA ...... 111. GENERAL SYNOPTIC SXTUATION AT LAUNCH TIME ...... IV. SURFACE OBSERVATIONS AT LAUNCH TIME ...... V. UPPER AIR MEASUREMENTS DURING LAUNCH...... A. Wind Speed...... B. Wind Direction ...... C . Prelaunch /Launch Wind Profiles ...... D. Thermodynamic Data...... E. SRB Upper Air and Surface Measurements ...... REFERENCES ...... LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

f Figure Title Page

1. Surface synoptic chart 7 hr and 50 min before launch of STS-51C ..... 25 . t 2. 500 mb map 7 hr and 50 min before launch of STS-51C ...... 26 )? 3. GOES-6 visible imagery of cloud cover 10 rnin after launch of STS-51C (2000 UT, January 24, 1985). 500-mb contours and wind barbs are also included for 1200 UT...... 27

4. Enlarged view of GOES 8 visible imagery of cloud cover taken -. . 10 min after launch of STS-51C (2000 UT, January 24, 1985). Surface temperatures- and wind barbs for 2000 UT are also included ...... 28 5. Scaalar wind speed and direction at launch time of STS-51C ...... 29 6. STS- 51C prelaunch /launch Jimsphere-measured wind speeds (FPS) ..... 30 7. ST S- 51C prelaunch /launch Jimsphere-measured wind directions (degrees) ...... 3 1 8. STS- 51C prelaunch /launch Jimsphere-measured in-plhne component winds (FPS) ...... 3 2

9. STS-51C prelaunch/launch Jimsphere-measured out-of-plane component winds (FPS) ...... 33 10. STS-51C temperature profiles versus altitude for launch (ascent) ...... 34 LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page

1. Selected Atmospheric Observations for the Flight Tests of the Space Shuttle Vehicles...... 4 2. Systems Used to Measure Upper Air Wind Data for STS-51C Ascent .. .. 5 3. Surface Observations at STS-51C Launch Time...... 6 4. STS-51C Pre-Launch Through Launch KSC Pad 39A Atmospheric Measuremer~ts...... , ...... 7 5. STS-51C Ascent Atmospheric Data Tape...... 8 TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM

ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT FOR SPACE SHUTTLE (STS-SIC) LAUNCH

I. INTRODUCTION

This report presents an evaluatian of the atmospheric environmental data taken during the launch of the Space Shuttle ISTS-51C vehicle. This Space Shuttle vehicle was launched from Pad 39A at Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida, at 1950 UT (1450 EST) on January 24, 1985.

This report presents a summary of the atmospheric environment at launch time (L+O) of the STS-SIC, together with the sequence of prelaunch Jimsphere measured winds aloft profiles from L-12 hr through liftoff. The general atnospheric situation for the launch and flight area is describee., and surface and upper level windlthermo- dynamic observations near launch time are given. Since the ship Redstone was unavailable for STS-51C duty, the SRB descentlimpact atmospheric data were not taken. However, one can use the STS-51C ascent data fol* SRB studies, as the best substitute.

Previous MSFC-related launch vehicle atmospheric environmental conditions have been published as Appendix A of individual MSFC Saturn Flight Evaluation Working Group reports [I]. Office memorandums have been issued for previous flights giving launch pad wind information. A report has also been published [2] which summarizes most launch atmospheric conditions observed for the past 155 MSFC IABMA-related vehicle launches through SA-208 (Skylab 4). Reports summarizing ASTP, STS-1 through STS-51A launch conditions are presented in References 3 through 17 ~*espec- tively. Table 1 gives the atmospheric L+O launch conditions for all the Space Shuttle missions.

11. SOURCES OF DATA

Atmospheric observational data used in this report were taken from synoptic maps made by the National Weather Service, plus all available surface observations and measurements from around the launch area. Upper air observations were taken from balloon-released instruments sent aloft from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS). High-altitude winds and thermodynamic data were measured by the Super- Loki rocketsondes launched from the CCAFS. Table 2 presents a listing of systems used to obtain the upper level wind profiles used in compiling the final ascent atmospheric data tape. Data cutoff altitudes are also given in Table 2.

111. GENERAL SYNOPTIC SITUATION AT LAUNCH TIME

An area of high pressure, located southwest of Florida, prevailed over KSC during the launch of STS- 51C. Light to moderate southwesterly winds were the rule during countdown. Figure 1 presents the surface map conditions 7 hr and 50 min before the launch of STS-51C. Westerly winds dominated the flow aloft over the KSC area. Figure 2 shows the winds aloft condition at the 500 mb level 7 hr and 50 min before launch. Clouds were scattered over KSC prior to the launch of STS-51C. Figure 3 depicts the GOES-6, visible picture at 2000 UT (10 min after liftoff) with 500 mb contours and wind barbs superimposed. Figure 4 presents an up-close visible shot of the Florida peninsula as recorded by GOES-6, taken also at 2000 UT.

The extreme cold temperatures, associated with the presence of a polar air mass persisting throughout Florida the 3 days prior to launch, had moderated con- siderably by January 24, 1985. These extreme low temperatures had caused can- cellation of the launch on January 23, 1985, due to ET ice/frost problems.

IV. SURFACE OBSERVATIONS AT LAUNCH TIME

Surface observations at launch time for selected KSC locations are given in Table 3. Included are pad 39A, shuttle runway, and CCAFS balloon release station observations. Neither precipitation nor lightning was observed at launch time.

Table 4 presents PAD 39A wind data along with other standard hourly atmos- pheric measurements and sky observations for the 6-hr period prior to launch of STS-51C. Values for wind speed and direction are given for the 84 m (275 ft) FSS reference level and 18 m (60 ft) pad light pole level.

V. UPPER AIR MEASUREMENTS DURING LAUNCH j The FPS-16 Jimsphere (2005 UT), MSS Rawinsonde (1954 UT), Super-Loki Rocketsonde (2120 UT), and Super-Loki Robin (2050 UT) systems were used to measure the upper level wind and thermodynamic parameters for STS-51C launch. At altitudes above the -measured data, the Global Reference Atmosphere (GRA) [I81 parameters for January KSC conditions were used. A tabulation of the STS-5lC final atmospheric data for ascent is presented in Table 5 which lists the wind and thermodynamic parameters versus altitude. A brief summary of parameters is given in the following paragraphs.

A. Wind Speed

At launch time, wind speeds were 17.1 ftlsec (10.1 kn) at 60 ft and increased to a maximum of 199 ftlsec (118 kn) flowing from 265 deg. This maximum occurred at I an altitude of 42,900 ft (13,076 m). The winds decreased above this level as shown i in Figure 5. The overall maximum measured speed was 282 ftlsec (167 kn) at 269,000 I ft (81,991 m) altitude. ?

B. Wind Direction

At launch time, the 60-ft wind direction was from the southwest (228 deg) and shifted to a westerly component above 37,000 ft (11,278 m) . Winds remained westerly through 81,000 ft (24,689 m) altitude. Winds above this level oscillated from the north to the east and became southwesterly around 174,000 ft (53,035 m). The wind continued southwesterly through 307,000 ft ( 93,574 m) . Winds shifted and took on an easterly component above this level as shown in Figure 5. Figure 5 shows the complete wind versus altitude profile. C . Prelaunch /Launch Wind Profiles Prelaunch/launch wind profiles presented in Figures 6 through 9 were measured by the Jimsphere FPS-16 system. Data are shown for five measurement periods beginning at L-15 hr and extending through L+O. The wind speed and direction profiles for the 15-hr period prior to and includ- ing L+O are shown in Figures 6 and 7. The in-plane (head-tail wind) and out-of- plane (left-right crosswind) profiles are given in Figures 8 and 9. The wind speeds and in-plane component speeds were greater than 95 percent values at some altitude levels. The out-of-place component speeds :.:era approximately equal to the mean values. No ascent load exceedances were calculated. The prelaunch atmospheric conditions are discussed in more detail in Section 111.

D . Thermodyr~amicData The thermodynamic data taken at STS-51C launch time, consisting of atmospheric temperature, dew-point temperature, pressure, and density have been compiled as the STS-51C ascent atmospheric data and are presented in Table 4. The vertical struc- ture of temperature and dew-point temperature for the STS-51C ascent are shown graphically versus altitude in Figure 10. The atmospheric thermodynamic parameters of temperature, pressure, and density, measured during STS-51C launch below 60,000 ft ( 15,285 m) were all within 5 percent of their respective PRA-63 [lV] annual values. All these parameters stayed within 18 percent of their respective PRA-63 values, at all levels of measurement. 'Tropospheric and stratospheric temperatures were generally cooler than the PRA-63 values, while tropospheric densities were greater than PRA-63 values. Stratospheric and Mesospheric pressure and density values remained less than the PRA-63 model values.

E. SRB Upper Air and Surface Measurements As has been mentioned in the introduction, since there was no ship available, an SRB descent atmospheric data tape has not been constructed. The tabular values for the ascent atmospheric tape as presented in Table 5 should be used for SRB descent limpact studies since it is the closest measured data source. TABLE 1. SELECTED ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS FOR THE FLIGHT TESTS OF THE SPACE SHUTTLE VEHICLES . Surface 0bservi1t.t ns lnflight Conditions - hlox. Wind Vehicle ~ata~ ~hermodynnmic" windb Below 60.000 ft ---, ---, Time (EST) kel . Count Down and Launch Seq . Launch Nearest ~ress.~Temp. Hum. Speed Dir. Alt. Speed Dlr. Comments of No. Vehicle No. Date hlinute ~icrn2- IUC) ( %) (it lsec) ideg) (it) (fl Isec) (deg) hleteordogic;~l Sign~flcilnce 1 STS-I 4112181 0700 10.234~ 21 82 11.8 125 44.300 98 250 Columb'a 15.2 120 2 STS-2 llllZl81 1010 10.166 23 6 1 27.0 345 36.300 158 286 Columbia 27.0 355 3 STS-3 3/22/82 1100 10.160 24 7 1 7.0' 5oe 45.000 119 250 Wind directional change obwrved Columbia 8.0' 14se :~tPad just prlor to L+O. Onset of sea breczc. 4 STS-4 6/27/82 1100~ 10.200 29 70 5.gg 133~ 47.900 37 329 Columbia 4.sg 141g 5 STS-5 11/11/82 0719 10.227 22 68 22.0 90 40.600 146 336 Columbia 35.0 90 6 STS-6 4/4/83 1330 10.183 23 55 12.7 63 46.100 155 277 Challenger 16.4 55 7 STS-7 6/18/83 0733~ 10.146 25 80 5.9' 10' 45,900 76 278 Challenger 10.3' 350' 8 STS-8 8130183 0232' 10.111 24 97 8.8 269 45.100 30 349 17 min countdown ddily due to Challenger 14.0 26P adverse weather conditions. Thunderstorms in :wen. 9 STS-9 1:128/83 1100 10.i53 24 83 19.1 183 47.100 117 252 (SL-1) 32.0 190 Col umbia 10 STS-11 2/3/84 0800 73 17 75 0.0 0 38.200 143 288 (41-B) N A NA Challenger 11 STS-I3 4 16/84 0858 10.149 , 16 56 21.5 320 37.700 176 289 (41-C) 18.6 275 Challenger 12 STS-41D 8130184 0842' 10.172 26 81 3.0 106 40.300 44 270 Discovery 3.6 39 13 STS-41C 1015184 0703~ 10.210 23 60 16.5 73 40.600 78 303 Challenger 14.8 58 14 STS-51A 11/8/84 0715 10.227 20 59 23.0 24 33.100 131 272 1 day delay due lo excessive Discovery 31.1 10 wind londs, cnlculated at high altitudes.

15 STS-51C 1124185 1450 10.173 18 46 17.1 228 42.900 199 265 1 day delay dwto ext-IY Discovery 15.5 253 cold temperatures.

- - ~p~p - --

a. Pad 39A thermodynamic measurements taken at approximately e. 10 sec average prior to L+O. 1.2 m (4 ft) above natural grade at camera site No. 3. f. Eastern Daylight Time. b. 1 min average prior to L+O of 60 ft PLP (listed first) and g. 30 sec average prior to L+O. 275 ft FSS winds measured above natural grade. h. All vehicles launched from LC39A. e. Pressure measurement applicable to 21 ft above MSL unless otherwise indicated. d. Pressure measurement applicable to 14 ft above MSL. TABLE 2. SYSTEMS USED TO MEASURE UPPER AIR WIND DATA FOR STS-51C ASCENT

Date: danuary 24, 1985 Portion of Data Used

h Release Time Start End

Time Time Time Time After Altitude After Altitude After (UT) L+O m L+O m L+O Type of Data (hr imin) (min) ( ft (min) (ft) (min)

FPS- 16 Jimsphere 20i05 15 6 15 16,764 7 3 (21) (55,000)

MSS Rawinsonde 19: 54 4 17,069 60 29,870 102 (56,000) ( 98,000)

Super- Loki Rocket sonde 21: 20 90 30,785 90 30,175 93 (Datasonde) ( 101,000) ( 99,000)

Super-Loki Rocketsonde 20:50 6 0 83,515 60 31,090 68 (Robin) ( 274,000) ( 102,000) C -- ---.-. - -" * "-.as..=,

TABLE 3. SURFACE OBSERVATIONS AT STS-51C LAUNCH TIME

Sky Cover Wind

Time Dew Height After Pressure (MSL) Temperature Point Relative Visibility of Base Speed L+O N /cm OK OK Humidity km Cloud Cloud Meters ft /see Direction ~ocat iona (min) (psis) (OF) (OF) (%) (miles) Amounte* Type (ft) (kt) (deg)

NASA Space Shuttle 0 10.176 292.2 281.5 50 16 2 Strato- 1219 16.9 220 Runway X68e (14.759) (66.2) (47.0) (10) cumulus (4000) (10.0) Winds hleasured at 1 Cirrus 7620 10.4 m (34 ft) (25,000)

CCAFS XMR~ 0 10.173 292.1 281.0 49 16 1 Strato- 1219 10.1 230 Surface Measurements (14.755) (66.0) (46.0) (10) cumulus (4000) (6.0) 2 Cirrus 7620 ( 25.000)

Pad 39~~Lightpole 0 10.173* 290.8 279.2 46 - - - - 17.ib 2ab SF 18.3 m (60.0 ft) (14.755*) (63.8) (42.8) (10.1)

Pad 39A FSS 0 ------15.5~ 253b (Top SE) 83.8 m (9.2) (275 ft)

+Pad 39A Camera Site 3 barometric pressure instrument appeared to be reading too high. Therefore, the KSC Shuttle runway station pressure value interpolated to 10.173 ~/cm~at 21 ft above hlSL was used as the L+O pad atmospheric pressure measurement. Sea level pressure was 10.180 N /cm2.

**2/10 total sky cover reported at both X68 and XhlR. a. Altitudes of measurements are above natural grade, except where noted. b. Approximately 1 min average prior to L+O. c. Baluon release site. d. Pad 39A thermodynamic measurements are taken at camera site No. 3, approximately 6.4 m (21 ft) above MSL. e. Official STS-SIC sky observational site.

I ulQQ96..... mw...... ?- a m/m ttf tf nnnn +m i I

I I ! ttf f O* ts ff*,ff ttt fit OCOC*****'.******* nCCCUC000 0 ** 0 COG*.* clOE--a2.n= N0mN04-0 am 40300~6OOP9~bCf-499 F4iYrur~P4edrradd-ddL.4- &--dm.. dnd-dd- dd-9- I... .. ORisiidAL F.:.:: .'.; OF POCR QC;AL!1'Y

I !

C)OOci 9773 aeo- OnPo' OOC 3 3i, 10 I, 5.e- I LZ 8dO OQ6h .. -- h*h- 6 42- ' - -76-0 -7i7iPJ _Toe- 692 L8q - -- 88" . .- -. .. OqL* 0.k- 6 92- or)~* R'C- 692 160 ens* ...... - - - - - L'S- Lq.? 600 L'iYhh ~'f- 69Z 060 OOf h - .. - .-- . - . .df' .r.z. A ------~TZ------r4o-.-onzi; Z*f 692 hbO - - . -- -?CO . - - . .. - OPIh 0.i- flLz-- 0006 L'Z- ILL 006f - .-- .. - . . -. L -2- nrf- -s 40 '--OOBC 4.r- n 1 I50 OFLf ------.-- . .- z m=-- m-- 260 ---J(iPr

hLz . . - 160 - .. -..- ncs l SLZ ran !in 2 t

- -. . -- . -. . . s *r- so*s1se* SO*lZS9' " 0--- CCZ ------op~~;~- 1.h- CO*Shc8* SO*ZSS9' C *- O?oI to --. hLL 0UO -- - <-- - - ra';an * a------I -- dliiG;:$;.L pi;:.: ;s OF POOR QUkii"i"d

6 u nu. tt t t r~mnn nN ~a~c~~r-r~ic~rrr...... " " 1' I I ! ! ! i I I i I !i I t I I i ! n~nnn~nnnnnr,nmnmmAnnnmn~nnmnn.n:nmnnnn'nmnnm*Iln nnnr r:r wOI 01aOOOq030~0OCDOOOOOOOOOO OOOOoln 000 orno oor,~~'?lor3 030 u.*I****.*,.****~***.**l.***.*l.****..*o.o**.*.****4******* 3m5rm.r,3m.o(t~30ra~N3~ran=n-uhopa-co9:fi~13t~~otattdmmao-mm ~1-~~o~~mno~~trro~IP(~1-~~~c~opra;1cum~u,r,-oc~r~m-o~mn-er-~-,rr-or-u,m-;r Y-'q".~*:':*:~~".':*.".~".'T1~':~~':~~~T'~~':':':C,""~~""""'~'""~r't'~,a~-hrr~0;9aammammt~=*tr,mm.r,rutuw~rua~~~. d-a~oqocooo~emmmmtrc -, ...... b L I ! j .jf -- -* , I I - I I I I t OOC. 0 ar'ao -8 at ul 0011 uoooNNNN i I I I i I I I , I I i n mnnmnlm wnnn rrmnnmn~qnnmmm(mmc,nnI bL020 00otOOCDOq~o3L3OtiOOOooooCOOOC!OOGUOOiCOCiCOuOOOOD nl 00 -\*l******~******,************l.***********~************* mrm~o~nooc~mnQcl.~~nu.cmaN~eomn~~m~.t~o~atCan~~m~mmhQ~hmt -*-a? Z~~~OCQINOIO-~~Nm~t~rwcmn~om~~mc,rooo~sa~-~ecrntn-~~mhat*- I uaa,nr,nnnnlnr NhrwNa- r(rr~CY0OC O C 010 O Q O ~ICI(L-la S m (O hCFC. F )C?-IP- Q 41 9 4Ja oo~mmmmmm~mmmmmmmmmmmqmmommo~tttttt.t tr attztt trt ==to ttt r 7...... {. .... f..... 1...... !...... ;. I 1 I ! I I I I I - \ I TABLE 5. (Continued)

IEyPLRAT URL PRE SSURE OLNSI TI DiU POINT IOEG C) ~MILLIBARSI tGQA?l/MZl (DL6 C) .---.---JY.,-h .3lSb*03 - 46403 - -- . . .-.!JLt- -34.7 .31S2*03 .4569*03 -42.6 -35.0 .3128*D3 .4575*03 -42.8 -35.3 .3115*0? .4561*03 -43.0 -35.6 .SlL'l*OS .4547*03 -43.2 -35.9 .30R7*03 .5533*03 -4 3.3 aL; .3W?(!D3 - -- *.9519*31_ -- .- . -33.5. -36.5 .3061*03 .4505*03 -43.1 -36.8 .3027+G3 .QY91*@3 -43.9 -3 7.1 .3034*03 .YY 77*03 -4'4.1 -37.4 .3021*u3 .Y463*03 -u't.J -37.1 .3U07*03 .44SO*D3 -4r.7 . .=:3dn1--.--- -.zPP&*O3.- .r5437*03 - -''5?9--. -3n.4 .z961*03 .~~ZU*OJ -45.4 -38.6 .2968+03 .2210*n3 -b5.8 -39. I .2955*05 -4 397+03 -"C.l -39.2 .2942*03 .4380*03 -Cb.5 -39.6 .2929*03 .4371*03 -ub.9 -_-ruU - 224hns. 04159,OL -47.3- .. - -29.5 .2903*03 .9346*03 -47.6 -40.8 .2890*fl3 -4 333*03 -48.0 --4 1.z .z877+03 .SSZO*O~ -40.3 -41.a .28CY*03 .4308*0J -48.7 -2 1.9 .2851*03 .5296*03 -49.0 - -42.d -- -ZUEOl._.__ -- *3?4d?P~_--_ . --3O*L -C2.7 .28Z6*03 .4271*03 -49.7 -43.1 .2813*03 .4259*03 .~ -50.0 -4 3. E .28Cu*03 .42U7*03 -TU.Y -4 3.8 .z7ee*o3 .42.35*03 -50.7 -4'4.2 .2775*C3 .4223*03 -51.1 .- ._..-24.6 .1143*43-. -.. -*V? I??!!1--.-----. . ---51.4 -4'4.6 .275U*03 .4195*0 3 -5l.b 1-45.0 .273~*03 .ul80+03 -5 1.8 -45.2 .2725*03 .4164*03 -52.0 -85.9 .2713*03 .4149*03 -52.2 -45.5 .2701*03 .41 33*03 -52.4 -s,tbe~2L13 - -,9l_l!9*OL .-1Z.a.-- -4 5.9 .2676*D3 .cI03*C3 -52.8 -.? b .1 .2664*03 .2088*03 -53.0 -4b.3 .2652*03 .4072*03 -C-3.2 -qb*5 .Z~UO*O~ .4057*n3 -53.4 -46.6 .~b28*OJ .COYl*O3 -53.5 -46.8 Ab.Lk*03-- _ .?026*03 . .- . _=5 J.I --- -46.9 .2604*03 .OOlO*OJ -53.8 -4 7.1 .2592*~3 .3994*03 -54.0 -57. J .25AU*03 .3979*F3 -<'4.1 -47.4 .ZSCB*(~S .3963*03 -54.7 -4 7.5 .255b*O: .3947*03 -5U.Y . . :QL*? - .. . . .25'15*@3. . - .3'32*03 ------5"*k--- -4 7.h .7?33*03 .3917*03 -c.u 7 oodo 2232 ...... bb*D 0bP i-2 0'0 .PPD 000.u 00 0 v C 0.0 C cr O I I I'I I1 I I I I mnn4 n nbn"7 n nmm woDooOolOOO UO 0 UC 0000 DL 0 *<********* *.*** **** a*. e-mCNQo'fQN f m991- UJO-IN DQO rln~rn-soo:ea~a~ -o~w!ea9mt 0-C ~rnc~urn~~~orr =fnnm mw.mn "-- WNNNNNN...... NNN NNNNN.....NNNN .... NNN... I *I*** I

ar-c'ar-a .neaks Qs9o9aQo NNN ly Nr,(wN{ry~ I I TABLE 5. (Continued)

IILIlIuOL-- .. -. .hIlrO. WELD- . wLNO O~PLCIION ILnPERATUQC PRESSURE DCNSITY OEM POINT 1FlD (FTiStCl #OfG) tOLG C) ~MILLIB~RS) tGRAM/IlJ) (OCG Cl -9999. u aL .- - - - .- .- - * J-ZJ%QS -. . . - *ZlJl*OJ ~ - .- -- - - d501Ub 1.9 26 7 -78.7 .1208*03 .c?l21*03 -9999

-. ..-ESUZUQ - - . l!l& - . - Zb3 -7e.8. . ~ .1201*D3 .2110*03 -9999. oSb1CiG 147 2b 1 -7Y -8 .1195*03 .2 100*03 -9999. - ._ C534GO.. . . 6 .. 26 2 -7q.9 .. .1189*03 .2C89+03 -9999, CSu5iiO 1.6 26 2 -79.9 .llR3*03 .z379*03 -9999. -En lea -258------1177*~~_. - 2 6 Q -- -.----A- -9999, LSri7UO lC0 258 -75.0 -1170*03 .2058*03 -9993. liS5~00.- .. 1.9 - . 266 -75.1 .1164*03 .20*8*03 -9999. CSL90c 1*9 263 -75.1 .l lSB*OS .2U38*03 -7999. --~L51000--. . -.. . - 1SL--_ . - -. --259 -75.2. .~. .1152*03 .2028*03 -9997. 05110C 151 25 6 -75.0 .I 1*6*03 .ZglS*C3 -3999. c5lZuL.1~2bC-- -- .. ------.lun~.aL-. - -r2301?.Q3 -.-._-- -.-P9P3,- - 05 1TOO IS* 2s 9 -7'J.b .a 13**03 .1991*03 -9997. . 0 .... _ 155 . - . 258 - 7U. U ell29*03 .1979*03 -9999. U515iiO 155 259 -711.3 .1123*03 .1966*03 -9999. - TrSlbGC . -. _.. ..IU-._...... 259 -1q.1 .1117*03 .1954*03 -9999. Csl7iJo 156 25 9 -73.9 .1111*03 .19*2*03 -9999. 1st A___.-lCQQ3.- - - . -sl939?03 .- -9PPI,.- C519UO 158 259 -73.5 .IlflO*O 3 .1919*03 -9999. OS2Z;o. 16U- .. 250 -73.3. .1094*03 1907*C3 -9993. G521UC 161 25 8 -73.5 .1008*03 .1899*03 -9999.

--USZZUO ~ . -162- . . ~. 2~S8 -23.1 .1083*03 .1891*Q$ -9999. GS23GO 163 258 -73.9 .1077*03 .1883*03 -9099. A 0R /L--- - -74.1 . .dUzPJ?3- -rIs75.!-)J--- - .- ..:?9932. LiSZS(r0 ib8 26 0 -74.2 .10bb*03 .1467*03 -9999. -74. . .1060*03 -1859*03 -9999. -7u.6 .l(jS5*03 .1n51*03 -9999. -79.8 .10*9*03 .lRY3*O3 -9999. -75.0 .10~r*03 r 183S*G3 -9 991. -9992. . . - * -. _-.. .1829*03 -9999. .1013*03 -9999, .lBOS*O3 -9999. .1799*03 -9999. .1791*03 -9993. -- *17aJ*o3.- . -. :3992* - -- .1776*D3 -9999. .1769*03 -9999. .1762*@3 -9997. .1759*03 -9993. .1799*03 -9999. .173.*03 -. . -909p ._ .172**03 -9999. .17I**O3 -9999. .17US*O3 -9993. .1695*03 -9999, .1605*U3 -9999. .1675*03 _ -9V99.. - .1C.66*03 -9999. TABLE 5. (Continued)

LID. b1NOSPEU.. WI?~ODI~LCIIC)~ ILmSLRflTUPt . PRESSURE. DENS1 IV OEM roIut 4T 1 b tFT/SEC) 40CG) (Oft c) I~ILLIBARS) 4GDAHlW3l (OEG Cl ~.Zb5.36-9-rL lb5b?O3 ._-9_PP9* 05tOiJ9 115 270 -75.6 .1870*02 .IS61*03 -9999. -- -0UDUC -- - . . _. 11 2. - -275 .. - .=Zb.12.. _ . . .I¶l7*02 .I~l90*03 -9993. GS~JUO 1P5 275 -77.1 .7915*02 .l*IV*flJ -9999. - __.Os9OCr. . - -. - lrl. _- . 215 . . ~7.Je-4 . -. .7575*02 .13~8*03 -9999,~ G6CC)OO 098 275 -79.1 .7185*02 *1283*03 -9993. 27 7 -- - -~b81*S2 tlZ71tS1J------9999. GOC'OCC 0"b- ?El? -17.6 .bq63*02 .I151*@3 -9099, LaSOiJO- .. C8S -~ . - 283 -76.2 .613i*OZ .1C85*03 -9999. C6*0,0 677 28 * -7C.7 .5820*0? .132?*03 -9993. ._Ob53CC ... 072 . 2gb -73.; . .55;5*02 .9626*02 -9999. b6bPuJ9 067 28 * -72.5 .5248* 32 .9112*02 -9999. UL n~ t UU - r99aSLL-r 8 6 25 @t -9999, CbLOUF u60 278 -71.2 .*7 36*02 8 110. Ot -9099.

- ---U69afiL- -- - . . . .- 052.- -- . . - . 272 . ~ - . ??loo- . *+5CC*OZ ,7755'02 -9999. L" -0b9 OTO 265 -70.8 .9276*02 .73b2*02 -9999. L AOGO .. . -- . Us*-- . -- 259.. . .- -.71.b. .4ob 3*02 *7O23*02 -9993. D72flUO 055 255 -70.9 .3860*02 .bbC9* 02 -9993. -0 iI5bb-h -b9clrclr---.3bbY?Di .-bZl>tOZ -9999. LT~OO~ GSC 269 -66.2 .~QCP*OZ .SO~J*O~ -9999. _ - .. OTg9bO ...... 05; 25 1 -62.7 .SS2J*02 .5CVb*02 -9993. 076I)OO O* 7 25 7 -62.5 .3162*02 .5229*@2 -9P99. ._-- G?73u0..- . . . 079--~~ . . .~.. 258- . . . -61..7 . .3011*52 .1961*0i -9999. ~762~0 G 32 2cl7 -57.7 .2869*02 .C639*02 -9993. rL1PO[10L261_.---- &h~-.U35*92..- - *!!3_PO*OZ- ..:9_999~-- 38~~000 075 272 -56.6 .26C4*02 .C19b*D2 -9999. ..0 - . 026-. _ ..20* -56.5 . .2r91*02 .3999*02 -9999. 00 -82Gun 027 299 -55.6 .2372*02 .3798*92 -9999. 2 - _GR31UO- -. . . 029- -_ . . - -320 .~ - . -53.6 .2ZOZ*Ot .3589*02 -9999. ,j a C~*OJ~ U23 3~ l -5 3.7 .2158*02 .3W26*02 -'3999. 02 bRS3CO El6 556. --.- -Sb-* .- *2059*G2 --.3279*Oi------9999. OP UbbCOC 019 E0 7 -53.8 .1965*02 .312l*OZ -9993. r- -- -vn tcuQ. . . . 0 1 @-.. Ola - _ -52.e .. -- .le75*02 .296~*02 . -9999. 088030 014 01 3 -52.1 .I 789*02 .2'119*02 -9999. 0-2t,h . - .. .cs OOJp 0 I?..- n4u - -52.0 .I 7~8*02 .2691*02. -9999. Zi JVb03O 01- DlS -51.9 .I 6 Sd*D2 .2567*02 -9999, c i -colQUQOLI--C11. - U-- -0 1%6? 02.- 2Z(L*_??o!.-_19~99* -4 - u92POD 013 OZ 5 -51.a .I CR5*02 .2331*D2 -9999. e< . JS:OUO - . . . olz_-. . . - csb- . -51.0 .lr19.rit .222~*02 -9993. . JVC3CC 013 C6 0 -51.3 -135S*fl2 .2125*02 -9909,

-. ... k95RJO-. . . til3.- --~ .. C69 -5b.4 .1202*02 .2015*0- -0999. 2969~0 01 1 C7 1 -5c. 1 .123r*02 .1927*02 -9999. C.9 7O.iF -- UP9----Cnz .-'!LL ._.11Zstoz .- - - -.1n.z9*_O2- - - --999;. uq6CLiO 008 033 -*b.Q .I 126*oz .1?30*02 -9993.

d9ODUC - - .. 015 . . . @SJ -15.1; .IOfil*U? .1651*02 -9093. ISLOJ? 01b '!S 3 -QY.c .10 Jb*O: .157R*02 -9999.

801030.. .--- - .-- 071 .. . ns* -* 3.0 .9970*01 .1509*3i' -9999, . 102030 0 15 0 3 * -*I.? .9570*01 .l'4*1*@2 -9999. W? w PL--- -- .-.C3 :- . - . -*l~- -- - -91584 0 1 . -1376*@2 . - -9999.- e IO*OCC 075 Ci -'JU.t, .8 761*U1 -1 !12+02 -9993. ..a'. ..*a*. no olo o mnn s~b i 8 iii i,i-I i i!i I I 9Cy 99'9981 N qL. LCIII*L C. NN NYNNN N I I ij rJ u OW *hQryO +Ole 4,: aoctc c- mat NryNtyn) dm- 0 11L- CI a - I imi 1 1 I I I i I ! I I I *m-l..l-----'- ..l-ra-,- ~LOOCOOOOOonc coo OOOO0~OOOQVO'COOCOOOOOOOOOO3~OOOU OOOC I'l I I8 I I:l I I I I I!# I8l I, IlIIl I0 I I, 1301 8 I I I, -.*t ar-mo~.o~nenmm~nne~m~QO~O~OOOC)OOOOOOOOC -00-mam!no~cn~rn ze~ad~~ma~m-ac-t.~m~-4dPrnr,ta3am-Nn2mm.-otw~o-eNO.~=Ooe=N wa-he~~~haama=ne~N~~oo,~o~I~Q~~*~QoNNQ~~~o en~10f-cm ~J~~at-au- OONN~N~-rrdn---a -r--.r?ee~~ckc~~~mm~mmt st ut~ry~-rr(-bh~~na.a - ...... :...... -...... I I -*-*=i 1 ' I I I I I I I

6-. *'iBnln r-5 &' 118 I Ill181 I no00 OODOO QlCO0aw*mO

nw(Y(Uc aaoqo

I I i Surface Synoptic Map at 1 200 WT January 24, 1985 - Isobaric, Frontal, and Pmcipitation Patterns are Shown in S tand~rd Symbolic Form .

Figure 1. Surface synoptic chart 7 hr 50 min before launch of STS-SIC. 500 Millibar Height Contours at 1200 UT January 24, 1985. Continuous Lines Indicate Height Contours in Feet Above Sea Level. Dashed Lines are isotherms in Degrees Centi- grade. Arrows Show Wind Direction and Speed at the SO0 MI3 Level.

Figure 2. 500 mb map 7 hr 50 min before launch of STS-51C.

v wmtaimm~oano WIND DllltCTlQ) W.01

Figure 5. Scalar wind speed and direction at launch time of STS-51C.

Figure 10. STS-51C temperature profiles versus altitude for launch (aecent). REFERENCES

1. Saturn Flight Evaluation Working Group: Saturir Launch Vehicle Flight Evallla- tion Report - Appendix A - Atmosphere (A separate report is prepared for each Saturn vehicle launch operation). George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, Alabama.

2. dohnson , I'. L. : Summary of Atmospheric Data Observations for 155 Flignts of MSFC IABMA Related Aerospace Vehicles. NASA TM X-64796, December 5, 1973.

3. Johnson, D . L. : Atmospheric Environment for ASTP (SA- 210) Launch. NASA TM X-64990. February 1976.

4. Johnson, D. L., Jasper, G., and Brown, S. C.: Atmospheric Environment for Spaee Shuttle (STS-1) Launch. NASA TM 82436, July 1981.

5. Johnson, D. L. and Brown, S. C. : Atmospheric Environment for Space Shuttle (STS-2) Launch. NASA TM 82463, December 1981.

6. Johnson, D. L., Brown, S. C., and Batts, G. W.: Atniospheric Environment < for Space Shuttle (STS- 3) Launch. NASA TM 82480, April 1982. 1 7. Johnson, D. L., Hill, C. K., and Batts, G. W.: Atmosnheric Environment for Space Shuttle (STS-4) Launch. NASA TM 82491, July 1982.

8. Johnson, D. L., Hill, C. K., and Batts, 3. W. : Atn~osphericEnvironmei:t for Space Shuttle (STS-5) Launch. NASA TM 82515, March 1983. 1 9. Johnson, D. L., HIX, C. K., and Bstts, G. W.: Atmospheric Environment for Space Shuttle (STS-6) Launch. NASA TM 82529, hlay 1983. 14 C 10. Johnson, D. L., Hill, C. K., and Batts, G. W. : Atmospheric Environment for Space Shuttle (STS-7) Launch. NASA TM 82542, July 1983. s

11. Johnson, D. L., Hill, C. K., Turner, R. E., and Batts, G. W.: Atmospheric Envirotlment for Space Shuttle (STS-8) Launch. NASA TM 82560, October 1983.

.. . 12. Johnson, D. L., Hill, C. K., and Batts, G. W.: Atmospheric Environment 4 for Space Shuttle (STS-9) Launch. NASA TM 82572, January 1984. 13. Johnson, D. L., Hill, C . K., and Batts, G. W. : Atmospheric Environment for Space Shuttle (STS-11) Launch. NASA TM 82580, Rlarch 1984.

14. Johnson, D. L., Hill, C. K., Jasper, G., and Batts, G. W.: Atmospheric Environment for Space Shuttle (STS-13) Launch. NASA TM 82588, May 1984.

15. Johnson, D. L., Hill, C. K., Jasper, G., and Batts, G. W.: Atmo:aphcric Environment for Space Shuttie ;STS-41D) Law~ch. NASA TM 86484, October 1984.

16. Johnson, D. L., Hill, C. K., Jasper, G., and 3atts, G. W.: Atmospheric Environment for Space Shuttle ( STS-41G) Lauxh. NASA TM 86486, November 3 17. Johnson, D. L., Jasper, G. , Hill, C. K., and Batts, G. W. : Atmospheric Environment for Space Shuttle (STS-SIC) Launch. NASA TM 864S7, December I 1984.

18. Justus, C. G. , et al. : The NASAIMSFC Global Reference Atmosphere Model Mod 3 (with Spherical Harmonic Wind Model) . NASA CR-3256, March 1980. 9 19. Smith, 0. E. and Weidner , D. K. : A Reference Atmosphere for Patrick AFB , t Florida, Annual (1963 Revision). NASA TM X-53139, September 23, 1964. ;i-1 i APPROVAL

ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT FOR SPACE SHUTTLE (STS-SIC) LAUNCH

By G. Jasper, D. L. Johnson, C. K. Hill, and G. W. B~tts

The information in this report has been reviewed for technical content. Review of any information concerning Department of Defense or nuclear energy activities or . programs ha-, been made by the MSFC Security Classification Officer. This report, in its entirety, has been determined to be unclassified.

Chief, .4tmospheric Sciences Division

I G. F. McDONOUGH Director, Systems Dynamics Laboratory

*US. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1985-644-048/10156