DOCSLIB.ORG

Download This PDF File

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download This PDF File ASBP769K.QXD 12/2/06 6:33 PM Page 271 Vol. 75, No. 4: 271-279, 2006 ACTA SOCIETATIS BOTANICORUM POLONIAE '8" PHYLLOTACTIC PATTERN FORMATION IN EARLY :TAGES OF CACTUS ONTOGENY BDYTA M. GOLA Institute of Plant Biology, University of Wroc³aw Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wroc³aw, Poland e-mail: [email protected] (Received: February 27, 2006. Accepted: May 12, 2006) ABSTRACT Representatives of the family Cactaceae are characterized by a wide range of phyllotaxis. To assess the origin of this diversity, early stages of phyllotactic pattern formation were examined in seedlings. The analysis of the se- quence of areole initiation revealed intertribal differences. In seedlings from the Trichocereeae (Gymnocalycium, Rebutia) and Notocacteae (Parodia) tribes, two opposite cotyledonal areoles developed as the first elements of a pattern. Usually, next pair of areoles was initiated perpendicularly to cotyledonal areoles, starting the decussate pattern. This pattern was subsequently transformed into bijugate or into simple spiral phyllotaxis. In seedlings from the Cacteae tribe (Mammillaria and Thelocactus), cotyledonal areoles were never observed and the first are- oles always appeared in the space between cotyledons. It was either areole pair (mainly in Mammillaria), starting a decussate pattern, or a single areole (mainly in Thelocactus) quickly followed by areoles spirally arranged, usu- ally in accordance with the main Fibonacci phyllotaxis. Differences in the initial stages of pattern formation do not fully explain the phyllotaxis diversity in mature cacti. Only two, the most common phyllotactic patterns occurred in the early development of studied seedlings, i.e. the main Fibonacci and the decussate pattern. Discrepancy in the range of phyllotactic spectra in seedlings and in mature plants suggests that phyllotaxis diversity emerges during further plant growth. Initial phyllotactic trans- formations, occurring already in the very early stages, indicate great plasticity of cactus growth and seem to sup- port the hypothesis of the ontogenetic increase of phyllotaxis diversity due to transformations. FBD WORDS: phyllotaxis, phyllotactic transformation, cactus ontogeny, Cactaceae. INTRODUCTION spiral phyllotaxis, areoles are conspicuously and regularly arranged and can be easily connected by spiral lines for- The evolutionary modification of morphogenetic proces- ming two oppositely winding sets. Numbers of such inter- ses, adapting cacti to diversified and often severe environ- secting spirals represent subsequent elements of a phyllo- ments, has lead to emergence of the variety of morphologi- tactic series in which every element is the sum of two pre- cal forms in the family Cactaceae (Barthlott and Hunt ceding numbers. Two consecutive members of a phyllotac- 1993; Anderson 2001; Wallace and Gibson 2002; Mauseth tic series, corresponding to the number of spirals being in 2004). Within Cactaceae, there are shrubs and gigantic a contact at the stem surface, are called a contact parasti- candelabra-like trees, cylindrical or globular plants gro- chy pair (Church 1904). The pair identifies unequivocally wing alone or in compact clusters, flattened stems and tiny the phyllotactic series to which it belongs and a pattern rosettes (e.g., Anderson 2001). Likely, this variety of mor- expression. It also defines indirectly the configuration of phological forms may facilitate diverse distribution of lea- the ontogenetic spiral when orientation of opposite parasti- ves, and thus, formation of different phyllotactic patterns. chies is determined (Zagórska-Marek 1994). The most The phenomenon of phyllotaxis refers to regular patterning common patterns are identified by contact parastichy pairs of lateral organs in a shoot, e.g. areoles (=modified axillary belonging to the main Fibonacci series: 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, buds or shoots; Boke 1953, 1961; Freeman 1970) in case 21, Other spiral patterns are mostly occasional in seed of cacti. Areoles, ontogenetically related to developing lea- plants (e.g., Schwabe 1984; Zagórska-Marek 1985, 1987, ves (Boke 1953, 1954, 1961; Mauseth 1980, 2004; Gibson "##-./ and Nobel 1986; Salgado Terrazas and Mauseth 2002), re- Despite quite intensive studies on cactus specific mor- flect positions of vestigial leaves and can be considered as phological features (e.g., Boke 1953, 1954, 1957, "#6"% elements of a phyllotactic pattern. In most of cacti with Mauseth 1978a, b, 1980, 2004), there is no detailed survey ASBP769K.QXD 12/2/06 6:33 PM Page 272 '8' INITIAL PHYLLOTAXIS IN CACTI Gola E.M. or systematic screening of phyllotactic patterns. Neverthe- MATERIALS AND METHODS less, information available in literature, although scarce, suggests an existence of pattern diversity within the family Genera representing different tribes of the subfamily Cactaceae related indirectly to taxonomic position of an in- Cactoideae (Cactaceae) were selected to compare the initial vestigated plant. For instance, in leaf-bearing shrubs repre- stages of phyllotactic pattern formation. Their choice was senting the primitive subfamily Pereskioideae (Boke "#5-% based on differences in phyllotaxis occurring in mature Bailey 1960; Gibson 1976), as well as morphologically di- plants. This is why genera Mammillaria and Rebutia were verse cacti from the subfamily Opuntioideae (Bailey "#6-% analyzed in a first place their phyllotactic patterns were Freeman 1970; Gibson 1976; Gibson and Nobel 1986), the previously screened (Gola 1997). The choice of other cac- most common phyllotactic pattern the main Fibonacci J tus species was partly limited by the seed availability. Se- is reported. Surprisingly, this pattern is frequently maintai- eds were obtained from the cactus collection of the Botani- ned during formation of flat cladodes in opuntias (Gibson cal Garden of University of )roc³aw and from the private 1976; Gibson and Nobel 1986) despite changes of the sho- collection of Ms. Zofia Pyjek. ot symmetry. Within the more succulent subfamily Cactoi- Regarding the most recent changes in classification and deae, distichy characterizes majority of flattened stems, nomenclature within the family Cactaceae, a majority of especially in genus Epiphyllum (the Hylocereee tribe; Rauh cactus names is given according to the International Organi- 1979) whereas spiral phyllotaxes, conspicuous due to zation for Succulent Clant Study (IOS) checklist (Hunt "##'% a dense areole packing and a limited internodal growth Anderson 2001). Synonyms of chosen species are available (Gibson and Nobel 1986), are typical for globular and cy- at the website: www.cites.org. In few cases, obtained Mam- lindrical cacti. Among these, the short columnar Echino- millaria seeds belonged to taxa which species names were psis representing the tribe Trichocereeae was possibly the not accepted or only provisionally accepted by the IOS. first genus for which few unusual phyllotactic patterns we- Such species are marked in the list by an asterisk. Higher re reported (Church 1904). Church, in his classical work on units, such as tribes and subfamilies, are distinguished based phyllotaxis (1904), showed the extensive range of patterns on the classification of Barthlott and Hunt (1993) recently in Echinopsis, comprising of either true whorls or typical supported by molecular data (Wallace and Gibson 2002). spiral patterns with much the same numbers in a contact Below is given the complete list of cactus species used parastichy pair, e.g. 6:6, 6:7, 6:8, etc. Cactus adaptation to during the study. Letters in square brackets show the sour- harsh environmental conditions was a suggested reason for ce of seeds: the Botanical Garden of University of )ro- occurrence of such patterns (Church 1904). Rebutia, ano- c³aw LBG] or Ms. Z. Pyjeks collection [ZP]. An asterisk ther genus from the Trichocereeae tribe, shares phyllotaxis before Mammillaria species name indicates not known/not variety 1ith Echinopsis. The broad spectrum of various accepted by the IOS position of the taxon. phyllotactic patterns, including many infrequent accessory ones, is characteristic of Rebutia/ Patterns other than the Tribe Trichocereeae: main Fibonacci often co-dominate or even prevail in this Gymnocalycium bodenbenderianum (Hoss. ex Berg.) genus (Gola 1997). For Mammillaria, belonging to the tri- Hill [BG]; G. knebelii Friè [BG] at present it is a doubt- be Cacteae, spiral areole arrangements are so conspicuous ful species; G. ochoterenae Backeb.[BG]; Rebutia deminu- that the numbers of connecting spirals (= parastichies) have ta (Weber) Br. P R. [BG]; R. fiebrigii (Gürke) Br. P R. ex frequently been given in plant descriptions (Britton and Bailey [BG]; R. pseudodeminuta Backeb. [BG]. Rose 1923; Craig 1945; Krainz 1956-75; Backeberg "#6"% Rauh 1979). Comparing with the extensive pattern range in Tribe Notocacteae: the similar in form tribe Trichocereeae, it can be quite sur- Notocactus eugeniae Vliet [BG] provisionally accepted prising that, in Mammillaria, again the main Fibonacci is species name in Hunt (1992), although the entire genus is almost exclusively occurring pattern. Even the ontogenetic currently included into Parodia (Hunt 1992, Anderson changes in this genus alter the pattern expression only (Go- 2001); Parodia ottonis (Lehm.) Taylor [ZP]. la 1997). Still, observations of the changeable numbers of ribs in Ferocactus and few genera belonging to this group Tribe Cacteae: (Gibson and Nobel 1986) as well as the numbers of parasti- RMammillaria flavovirens Salm-Dyck [ZP]; RM. fuscata chies in one set in few other
Load more

Recommended publications
  • University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting
    SYSTEMATICS OF TRIBE TRICHOCEREEAE AND POPULATION GENETICS OF Haageocereus (CACTACEAE) By MÓNICA ARAKAKI MAKISHI A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2008 1 © 2008 Mónica Arakaki Makishi 2 To my parents, Bunzo and Cristina, and to my sisters and brother. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I want to express my deepest appreciation to my advisors, Douglas Soltis and Pamela Soltis, for their consistent support, encouragement and generosity of time. I would also like to thank Norris Williams and Michael Miyamoto, members of my committee, for their guidance, good disposition and positive feedback. Special thanks go to Carlos Ostolaza and Fátima Cáceres, for sharing their knowledge on Peruvian Cactaceae, and for providing essential plant material, confirmation of identifications, and their detailed observations of cacti in the field. I am indebted to the many individuals that have directly or indirectly supported me during the fieldwork: Carlos Ostolaza, Fátima Cáceres, Asunción Cano, Blanca León, José Roque, María La Torre, Richard Aguilar, Nestor Cieza, Olivier Klopfenstein, Martha Vargas, Natalia Calderón, Freddy Peláez, Yammil Ramírez, Eric Rodríguez, Percy Sandoval, and Kenneth Young (Peru); Stephan Beck, Noemí Quispe, Lorena Rey, Rosa Meneses, Alejandro Apaza, Esther Valenzuela, Mónica Zeballos, Freddy Centeno, Alfredo Fuentes, and Ramiro Lopez (Bolivia); María E. Ramírez, Mélica Muñoz, and Raquel Pinto (Chile). I thank the curators and staff of the herbaria B, F, FLAS, LPB, MO, USM, U, TEX, UNSA and ZSS, who kindly loaned specimens or made information available through electronic means. Thanks to Carlos Ostolaza for providing seeds of Haageocereus tenuis, to Graham Charles for seeds of Blossfeldia sucrensis and Acanthocalycium spiniflorum, to Donald Henne for specimens of Haageocereus lanugispinus; and to Bernard Hauser and Kent Vliet for aid with microscopy.
    [Show full text]
  • Plethora of Plants - Collections of the Botanical Garden, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb (2): Glasshouse Succulents
    NAT. CROAT. VOL. 27 No 2 407-420* ZAGREB December 31, 2018 professional paper/stručni članak – museum collections/muzejske zbirke DOI 10.20302/NC.2018.27.28 PLETHORA OF PLANTS - COLLECTIONS OF THE BOTANICAL GARDEN, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB (2): GLASSHOUSE SUCCULENTS Dubravka Sandev, Darko Mihelj & Sanja Kovačić Botanical Garden, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 9a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia (e-mail: [email protected]) Sandev, D., Mihelj, D. & Kovačić, S.: Plethora of plants – collections of the Botanical Garden, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb (2): Glasshouse succulents. Nat. Croat. Vol. 27, No. 2, 407- 420*, 2018, Zagreb. In this paper, the plant lists of glasshouse succulents grown in the Botanical Garden from 1895 to 2017 are studied. Synonymy, nomenclature and origin of plant material were sorted. The lists of species grown in the last 122 years are constructed in such a way as to show that throughout that period at least 1423 taxa of succulent plants from 254 genera and 17 families inhabited the Garden’s cold glass- house collection. Key words: Zagreb Botanical Garden, Faculty of Science, historic plant collections, succulent col- lection Sandev, D., Mihelj, D. & Kovačić, S.: Obilje bilja – zbirke Botaničkoga vrta Prirodoslovno- matematičkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu (2): Stakleničke mesnatice. Nat. Croat. Vol. 27, No. 2, 407-420*, 2018, Zagreb. U ovom članku sastavljeni su popisi stakleničkih mesnatica uzgajanih u Botaničkom vrtu zagrebačkog Prirodoslovno-matematičkog fakulteta između 1895. i 2017. Uređena je sinonimka i no- menklatura te istraženo podrijetlo biljnog materijala. Rezultati pokazuju kako je tijekom 122 godine kroz zbirku mesnatica hladnog staklenika prošlo najmanje 1423 svojti iz 254 rodova i 17 porodica.
    [Show full text]
  • South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae)
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2013 South American Cacti in time and space: studies on the diversification of the tribe Cereeae, with particular focus on subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) Lendel, Anita Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-93287 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Lendel, Anita. South American Cacti in time and space: studies on the diversification of the tribe Cereeae, with particular focus on subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae). 2013, University of Zurich, Faculty of Science. South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) _________________________________________________________________________________ Dissertation zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr.sc.nat.) vorgelegt der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Zürich von Anita Lendel aus Kroatien Promotionskomitee: Prof. Dr. H. Peter Linder (Vorsitz) PD. Dr. Reto Nyffeler Prof. Dr. Elena Conti Zürich, 2013 Table of Contents Acknowledgments 1 Introduction 3 Chapter 1. Phylogenetics and taxonomy of the tribe Cereeae s.l., with particular focus 15 on the subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae – Cactoideae) Chapter 2. Floral evolution in the South American tribe Cereeae s.l. (Cactaceae: 53 Cactoideae): Pollination syndromes in a comparative phylogenetic context Chapter 3. Contemporaneous and recent radiations of the world’s major succulent 86 plant lineages Chapter 4. Tackling the molecular dating paradox: underestimated pitfalls and best 121 strategies when fossils are scarce Outlook and Future Research 207 Curriculum Vitae 209 Summary 211 Zusammenfassung 213 Acknowledgments I really believe that no one can go through the process of doing a PhD and come out without being changed at a very profound level.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships in the Cactus Family (Cactaceae) Based on Evidence from Trnk/Matk and Trnl-Trnf Sequences
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/51215925 Phylogenetic relationships in the cactus family (Cactaceae) based on evidence from trnK/matK and trnL-trnF sequences ARTICLE in AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY · FEBRUARY 2002 Impact Factor: 2.46 · DOI: 10.3732/ajb.89.2.312 · Source: PubMed CITATIONS DOWNLOADS VIEWS 115 180 188 1 AUTHOR: Reto Nyffeler University of Zurich 31 PUBLICATIONS 712 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from: Reto Nyffeler Retrieved on: 15 September 2015 American Journal of Botany 89(2): 312±326. 2002. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS IN THE CACTUS FAMILY (CACTACEAE) BASED ON EVIDENCE FROM TRNK/ MATK AND TRNL-TRNF SEQUENCES1 RETO NYFFELER2 Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 USA Cacti are a large and diverse group of stem succulents predominantly occurring in warm and arid North and South America. Chloroplast DNA sequences of the trnK intron, including the matK gene, were sequenced for 70 ingroup taxa and two outgroups from the Portulacaceae. In order to improve resolution in three major groups of Cactoideae, trnL-trnF sequences from members of these clades were added to a combined analysis. The three exemplars of Pereskia did not form a monophyletic group but a basal grade. The well-supported subfamilies Cactoideae and Opuntioideae and the genus Maihuenia formed a weakly supported clade sister to Pereskia. The parsimony analysis supported a sister group relationship of Maihuenia and Opuntioideae, although the likelihood analysis did not. Blossfeldia, a monotypic genus of morphologically modi®ed and ecologically specialized cacti, was identi®ed as the sister group to all other Cactoideae.
    [Show full text]
  • Cactaceae) with Special Emphasis on the Genus Mammillaria Charles A
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2003 Phylogenetic studies of Tribe Cacteae (Cactaceae) with special emphasis on the genus Mammillaria Charles A. Butterworth Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Botany Commons, and the Genetics Commons Recommended Citation Butterworth, Charles A., "Phylogenetic studies of Tribe Cacteae (Cactaceae) with special emphasis on the genus Mammillaria " (2003). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 565. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/565 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.
    [Show full text]
  • ON the TAXONOMY of CACTACEAE JUSS by the EVIDENCE of SEED MICROMORPHOLOGY and SDS-PAGE ANALYSIS Lamiaa F
    European Journal of Botany, Plant Sciences and Phytology Vol.2, No.3, pp.1-15, October 2015 ___Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.eajournals.org) ON THE TAXONOMY OF CACTACEAE JUSS BY THE EVIDENCE OF SEED MICROMORPHOLOGY AND SDS-PAGE ANALYSIS Lamiaa F. Shalabi Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia. ABSTRACT Numerical classification of 16 taxa of Cactaceae was studied using combination of micromorphological characters of seeds (using L.M and SEM) and SDS- PAGE analysis. Aspects of seed micromorphology and seed protein variation as defined were recorded and scored comparatively for the OTU's into a data matrix. Phenetic relationships of these taxa were established based on UPGMA-clustering method by using Jaccard coefficient of the NTSYS-pc 2.2 program. The results were compatible with the traditional relationships of some taxa as the split-off of Opuntia humifusa and Astrophytum myriostigma, at separate lines, these results are compatible with their placement in tribes Opuntieae (subfamily Opuntioideae) and Cacteae (Subfamily cactoideae) respectively, at the time, the placement of three taxa Pseudorhipsalis ramulosa, Rhipsalis baccifera Accession 1, and Rhipsalis baccifera Accession 2 together, the clustering of Hylocereus triangularis and Neobuxbaumia euphorbioides together at a unique tribe Phyllocacteae. The findings contradict in a number of cases the traditional studies, as the grouping of Trichocereus vasquezii with the two represents of genus Parodia despite of their placement in different tribes. KEYWORDS: Cactaceae, SDS-PAGE, Seed micromorpgology, SEM INTRODUCTION The Cactaceae are an exciting and problematic group of plants because of their varied morphology, succulence, and their showy flowers (Barthlott and Hunt 1993).
    [Show full text]
  • Prickly News 2019-03 March
    P r i c k l y N e w s South Coast Cactus & Succulent Society Newsletter March 2019 Click here for our web site: Click here for PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE http://www.southcoastcss.org our Facebook page hanks to Guillermo Rivera for a Twonderful presentation in February on NEXT MEETING Argentina and Chile. He was also great at Rob Skillin: judging the Mini Show plants with great "Kenya, Land of Tropical Succulents" pointers on growing and staging our plants. Sunday March 10, at 1:00 pm Our Show and Sale on April 6-7, still (Program starts at 1:30pm) needs volunteers. At the March meeting, Nancy Jengo, show volunteer coordinator, will continue recruiting members for various positions. Take a look at the volunteer jobs listed in this REFRESHMENTS FOR MARCH Newsletter to see what suits you and how you may contribute. Thanks to those who helped in February. Please sign up to spend some time in the kitchen helping serve, organize or clean up after the meals. If you would like to bring something to the next Finally, we need your help in promoting the show and sale meeting please do so - thanks! by distributing postcards and informing friends and neighbors. Volunteers: Please report to the kitchen after the We have corrected postcards available and will be distributing meeting if you are able to help with cleanup. more at the next meeting. If you have any ideas for publicity, let Anita Caplan know. I hope all your plants survived the rain. Weeds need to be removed and waterlogged plants removed from their dishes if not already done.
    [Show full text]
  • Cactus Seed Germination: a Review
    Journal of Arid Environments (2000) 44: 85±104 Article No. jare.1999.0582 Available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Cactus seed germination: a review Mariana Rojas-AreH chiga* & Carlos VaH zquez-Yanes Instituto de Ecologn&a, UNAM, Apartado Postal 70-275, 04510 Me&xico, D.F., Me&xico ( Received 8 June 1998, accepted 10 August 1999) The present review tries to give a general overview of the available information on cactus seed germination. First, information about the family Cactaceae is discussed, concerning aspects such as distribution and general characteristics. Seed distinctive features are mentioned, such as colour, form, and size. Aspects of seed physiology, such as germination and dormancy, as well as seed dynam- ics including dispersal, predation, and soil seed bank formation, are included in the discussion. Techniques of propagation and some aspects of longevity and conservation are mentioned. The areas where there is scarce information available are highlighted, and, therefore, are important areas in which to continue research in order to generate data for immediate and future conserva- tion efforts. ( 2000 Academic Press Keywords: cactus seed; dormancy; germination; propagation; longevity; dissemination; conservation Introduction Arid and semi-arid regions cover about 30% of the world's continental surface (Meigs, 1953 in Kigel, 1995). The best-represented plant families in these regions are Asclepiadaceae, Aloaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Cactaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Euphor- biaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Poaceae and Zygophyllaceae (Kigel, 1995). Of these families, the Cactaceae are one of the most interesting due to their extensive set of peculiar adaptations to water scarcity, which allow them to be perennial and evergreen despite the sometimes extreme dry conditions of their environment.
    [Show full text]
  • RECOMMENDED NATIVE PLANTS for LANDSCAPING in the TEXAS HILL COUNTRY Prepared by the Kerrville Chapter of the Native Plant Society of Texas
    Native Plant Society of Texas RECOMMENDED Evergreen Yaupon* Ilex vomitoria A 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that promotes NATIVE PLANTS research, conservation and Prairie Verbena* utilization of native plants Verbena bipinnatifida and plant habitats of Texas FOR LANDSCAPING through education, out- reach and example. IN THE TEXAS HILL COUNTRY Prepared by Kerrville Chapter of the Native Plant Society of Texas Bald Cypress ** Taxodium distichum http://www.npsot.org/Kerrville/ Texas Madrone * Arbutus xalapensis Bur Oak ** Honey Locust ** Quercus macrocarpa Gleditsia triacanthos Buttonbush *** Cephalanthus occidentalis Evergreen Sumac * Rhus Virens * Sketches by Margaret Campbell. Courtesy of the University of Texas Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin. For more information, please visit our website: ** Sketches by Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. http://www.npsot.org/Kerrville/ Courtesy of Kentucky Native Plant Society. Rev. March 2011 *** Courtesy of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. RECOMMENDED NATIVE PLANTS FOR LANDSCAPING IN THE TEXAS HILL COUNTRY Prepared by the Kerrville Chapter of the Native Plant Society of Texas This descriptive list of native plants was developed for The Kerrville Chapter the use of NPSOT Chapter members and new arrivals to of the Native Plant Society of Texas our community interested in our native flora. Our primary is dedicated to the understanding, criteria were that the plants listed should be: Table of Contents preservation and enjoyment of the native flora ● Suitable for landscaping in the Texas Hill Country of the Texas Hill Country. Information/References ............. Page 2 ● Available through commercial resources as Our chapter meets the container-grown plants or seeds Trees and Shrubs ......................
    [Show full text]
  • T 3 2000.P65
    Turczaninowia 2000 3(3) : 58 5 ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÎÁÇÎÐÛ ÓÄÊ 581.9 À.Á. Äîóýëüä A.B. Doweld Ê ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀÒÈÊÅ ÐÎÄÀ ERIOCACTUS BACKEB. (CACTACEAE) ON THE TAXONOMY OF THE GENUS ERIOCACTUS BACKEB. (CACTACEAE) Ïðèâîäèòñÿ êðàòêèé êîíñïåêò ðîäà Eriocactus Backeb. 1938, ïðåäëîæåííîãî ðàíåå ê êîíñåðâàöèè ïðîòèâ áîëåå ðàííåãî íîìåíêëàòóðíîãî ñèíîíèìà Eriocephala Backeb. 1942. Ðîä âêëþ÷àåò â ñåáÿ òîëüêî 4 âèäà: E. schumannianus (Nicolai) Backeb., E. leninghausii (F. Haage) Backeb. ex Schaff, E. magnificus F. Ritter, E. warasii F. Ritter. Ðîä ïîäðàçäåëåí íà äâà ïîäðîäà: Eonotocactus (ðàññìàòðèâàþùèéñÿ êàê íàèáîëåå áëèçêèé ê ðîäó Notocactus, sect. Notocactus) è áîëåå ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííûé Eriocactus, êîòîðûé â ñâîþ î÷åðåäü ðàçäåëåí íà äâà ðÿäà àðõàè÷íûé ìîíîòèïíûé ðÿä Pampocactus (E. warasii) è ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííûé ïðîèçâîäíûé ðÿä Eriocactus. Âèä E. schumannianus ïðèíèìàåòñÿ â øèðîêîì îáúåìå ñ âêëþ÷åíèåì ðàíåå íåîáîñíîâàííî âûäåëÿâøèõñÿ âèäîâ E. nigrispinus, E. grossei è E. ampliocostatus; E. claviceps ðàññìàòðèâàåòñÿ êàê ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííàÿ ãåîãðàôè÷åñêàÿ ðàñà â ðàíãå ïîäâèäà. Ðîä Eriocactus Backeb. áûë óñòàíîâëåí Áàêåáåðãîì (1942) â êà÷åñòâå íîâîãî çàìåíÿþùåãî ðîäîâîãî íàçâàíèÿ âìåñòî ðîäà Eriocephala Backeb., îáíàðîäîâàííîãî ðàíåå (Backeberg, 1938) è ïîñ÷èòàâøåãîñÿ â òî âðåìÿ ïîçäíèì îìîíèìîì ëèííåâñêîãî ðîäà Eriocephalus L. (1753, Sp. Pl. : 926). Îäíàêî ñîãëàñíî ñîâðåìåííîìó êîäåêñó áîòàíè÷åñêîé íîìåíêëàòóðû (Ìåæäóíàðîäíûé , 1996) ðîä Eriocephala ÿâëÿåòñÿ åäèíñòâåííûì è äåéñòâèòåëüíî îáíàðîäîâàííûì ðîäîâûì íàçâàíèåì äëÿ ýòîé ãðóïïû âèäîâ êàêòóñîâûõ. Ñ öåëüþ íå âíîñèòü ïóòàíèöó â ñîâðåìåííóþ íîìåíêëàòóðó ñåìåéñòâà Cactaceae Juss. íàìè áûëî ñôîðìóëèðîâàíî ïðåäëîæåíèå çàêîíñåðâèðîâàòü áîëåå èçâåñòíûé è ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûé ðîä Eriocactus Backeb. 1942 ïðîòèâ ïî÷òè ïîëíîñòüþ çàáûòîãî ðîäà Eriocephala Backeb. 1938 (Doweld, 2000). Âèäû ðîäà Eriocactus ïåðâîíà÷àëüíî âêëþ÷àëèñü â ñîñòàâ ðîäà Notocactus (K. Schum.) Fric.
    [Show full text]
  • Prickly News 2016 August
    P r i c k l y N e w s South Coast Cactus & Succulent Society Newsletter August 201 6 Click here to visit our web site: PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE http://www.southcoastcss.org e continue to modify and clarify our mini‐show rules to avoid Click here to visit W ambiguity. Last year at this time we our Facebook page extended the monthly list of genera to 18 months to accommodate the requirement NEXT MEETING that entries in the intermediate and open classes be grown for a year by the Bob Caplan: "Acts of Cactography on an entrants. We now allow multiple entries Otherwise Dull Afternoon" of the same species and clarified that as Sunday August 14, 1 :00pm along as the parts of the plant were vegetatively connected ‐ that was okay. Also, when the Plant of the Month (POM) (Program starts at 1 :30pm) genera includes species that are NOT succulent, they may be entered. At the July Board meeting, we decided to allow entries by couples as long as they live at the same address and both REFRESHMENTS FOR AUGUST care for the plant. And, not new guidance, but any clean Thanks to those who helped in July: container may be used, including plastic and the plants must be M.A. Bjarkman Nancy Mosher free of pests and disease. Carol Causey Jim Tanner All these changes are in effect now. We are trying to Karin Cozzolino keep our published guidance up to date on our website and when the Mini‐show abridged rules are printed in the Volunteers for August refreshments are: Newsletter, but contact Gary Duke or myself if you need M.A.
    [Show full text]
  • To the Point
    TO THE POINT Newsletter of the Cactus and Succulent Society of America SUPPLEMENT TO THE CACTUS AND SUCCULENT JOURNAL Vol 87 No 1 << January - February >> 2015 EDUCATION TROPHY TO THE POINT Joe Clements <[email protected]> NEWSLETTER OF THE CSSA 927 Occidental Dr., Claremont CA 91711-2552 Send copy of show schedule/program giving credit to the CSSA for donation of the trophy with Vol 87 No. 1 - January - February 2015 request. Two or more entries are required to qualify. CSSA Officers (2-yr terms) Allow at least 6 weeks after request. Terms ending 1/2017 President: Gregg DeChirico 415-407-7898 MEMBERSHIP Vice-President: Judy Pigue 816-886-1177 Active Membership, including Journal and Immediate Past President: Newsletter for USA $50; Associate (spouse/ Laurel Woodley 310-375-4472 significant other/partner) membership is an add’l Secretary: Lee J. Miller 202-232-0629 $10. Institutional $100. See Affiliate Information. Treasurer: Clifford Meng 714-870-4887 Membership is on a yearly basis from join date or date of renewal. Members will receive 6 issues of the CSSA Journal and To The Point each CSSA Directors (4-yr terms) subscription year. Life Membership, including Terms ending 1/2016 Journal and Newsletter is $900. International Joseph Clements 909-816-7398 Membership (all countries) is $70. Send fees in Eric Driskill 314-757-4201 $ U.S. or Visa/MasterCard (no cash) to Cactus & Cynthia Robinson 602-615-2261 Succulent Society of America, P. O. Box 1000, Terms ending 1/2017 Claremont, CA 91711; Tel: 626-852-8085. email Randy Baldwin 805-683-1561 <[email protected]> or use our convenient Buck Hemenway 951-360-8802 membership online at CSSAinc.org.
    [Show full text]