Asylum and Migration Glossary 6.0 a Tool for Better Comparability Produced by the European Migration Network May 2018

Asylum and Migration Glossary 6.0 a tool for better comparability produced by the European Migration Network May 2018

Home Affairs EUROPEAN COMMISSION

Asylum and Migration Glossary 6.0

a tool for better comparability produced by the European Migration Network May 2018

2018 European Migration Network Disclaimer This EMN Glossary has been developed by the European Migration Network (EMN). The European Commission and the EMN National Contact Points, which collectively constitute the EMN, accept no responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to the use made of the information contained in this Glossary or of the content of the websites from which some terms are extracted.

Reproduction is authorised, except for commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged and the following text accompanies any reproduction: 'This EMN Glossary has been developed by the European Migration Network (EMN). The European Commission and the National Contact Points, which collectively constitute the EMN, accept no responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to the use made of the information contained in this Glossary or of the content of the websites from which some terms are extracted.'

The European Migration Network serves to meet the information needs of European Union institutions and of Member States’ authorities and institutions by providing up-to-date, objective, reliable and comparable information on asylum and migration, with a view to supporting policy-making in the European Union in these areas. The EMN also serves to provide the general public with such information. Further information on the EMN, including its other outputs, as well as this Glossary, may be obtained from www.ec.europa.eu/emn Table of contents

Foreword ��4

A tool for better comparability ��5 1. Introduction ��5 2. The European Migration Network ��6 3. Method and approach followed for developing the EMN Glossary ��6 4. Format of the EMN Glossary ��8 Glossary Terms ��10

Bibliography of sources �� 408

Indexes in: English ��420 French ��425 German ��432 Italian ��438 Portuguese ��444 Spanish ��450

3 Foreword

A forward-looking European asylum and migration policy based on solidarity remains a key objective for the European Union (EU). In response to the most severe migratory challenge since the Second World War, the European Commission set out a European Agenda on Migration, a comprehensive framework1 for the EU’s work on asylum and migration in May 2015. Since then, the EU and its Member States have taken action on several fronts by combining legislative changes with operational measures and flexible funding instruments at EU level, transitioning from crisis management towards a stable future-proof asylum framework. At the same time, activities in the field of legal migration and integration of third-country nationals has continued. All these actions have gone hand in hand with a new approach to managing migration based on a combination of internal and external policy tools. In order to improve migration management at the external level, the EU has also reinforced cooperation with third countries. The EU supports, for example, the assisted voluntary return of refugees from Libya to a wide range of African countries of origin, in partnership with the Libyan authorities, the African Union and the International Organisation for Migration.

A key priority for the coming years is to enhance efforts at both the internal and external dimension of asylum and migration. The European Migration Network (EMN), coordinated by the European Commission, and active in all Member States and Norway, supports the EU in better responding to the challenges in the key areas of asylum and migration. It provides policymakers and the wider public with up-to-date, objective, reliable and comparable information on all aspects of migration and asylum and helps to facilitate coherent discussions with all actors in this field.

The Glossary on Asylum and Migration has remained one of the key products of the EMN since its creation in 2008. The Glossary supports policy discussions across the EU and at national level by providing a common vocabulary of up-to-date terms and concepts in all Member State languages, thus allowing for a better understanding and comparability of migration and asylum phenomena.

This latest edition of the EMN Glossary (Version 6.0, May 2018) includes terminology reflecting all developments since the adoption of the European Agenda on Migration of May 2015. While remaining focused on legal developments in the framework of the EU acquis on asylum and migration, the Glossary also increasingly considers developments in the external dimension, while at the same time acknowledging the needs of practitioners working in the field.

I am convinced that the EMN Glossary is a valuable source of information on all aspects of asylum and migration. It goes beyond the typical scope of a glossary, as it contains useful notes further explaining new European concepts. It is increasingly used not only in the EU context, but also by policymakers and practitioners outside the EU. This is a significant achievement, and the 10th anniversary of the EMN which will be celebrated in May 2018 – provides an excellent opportunity for me to express my gratitude to all members of the Glossary and Thesaurus Working Group for their outstanding commitment to this activity contributing to the success of the European Migration Network overall.

Magnus Ovilius EMN Chair ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

1 COM(2015) 240 final May 2015 4 A tool for better comparability

1. Introduction

The purpose of the European Migration Network (EMN) Glossary Each glossary entry is comprised of a preferred term,6 a defi- of terms relating to Asylum and Migration is inter alia to improve nition of the concept that this term represents, the source/ comparability between EU Member States2 through the use and sources of the definition, plus notes and relationships to other common understanding of the terms and definitions contained terms and concepts included in the Glossary. In this sixth version, herein. The Glossary is intended to serve as a useful European many definitions and some preferred terms have thus been reference document for EMN National Contact Points (NCPs) and amended. Many notes have been updated – and in many cases their national network members, policy-makers and other prac- elaborated – to provide up-to-date information, to clarify the titioners in the EU Member States, as well as EU institutions, in scope of the concept (and its understanding in different order to facilitate the exchange of information. It provides contexts) and to indicate web sources from which further infor- common terminology for the concepts included and thereby faci- mation can be sought. Each glossary entry now illustrates many litates a precise discourse on asylum and migration matters, more relationships between terms – equivalence relations including in the media. between synonyms, hierarchical relations with terms representing broader or narrower terms and associative relations The EMN Asylum and Migration Glossary 6.0 is a completely between related terms, thereby allowing users to easily navigate revised and updated version of the EMN Glossary that was first between related entries. All the preferred terms, as well as published in January 2010 and which since then has been synonyms, acronyms and alternative ordering for the preferred updated and expanded several times.3 This sixth version contains term, can be found in an index at the end of the Glossary. A a total of 468 terms, with 29 new entries since the previous bibliography of sources is provided as an annex. The bibliography online version 5.0.4 In addition, amendments to existing entries lists terms referenced in the source field as well as the notes have been made to reflect new concepts and terminology, as and definitions. well as evolutions in the usage of existing terms that have been introduced through new legislation and policy on asylum and The Glossary was developed by the members of the EMN migration in the EU. The new and updated terms reflect all deve- Glossary and Thesaurus Working Group (GTWG). The EMN would lopments since the adoption of the European Agenda on therefore like to acknowledge the extensive efforts of the Migration of May 2015.5 While remaining its main focus on legal working group members and its appreciation for the permission developments in the framework of the EU acquis on asylum and given by other entities, specifically the International Labour migration, the Glossary also increasingly considers develop- Organisation (ILO), the International Organisation for Migration ments in the external dimension, at the same time (IOM), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Deve- acknowledging the needs of practitioners working in the field. As lopment (OECD) and the United Nations (UN) to the use of terms in the past, it also considers the terminology used in recent EMN and definitions that they had developed previously and which studies amongst other key documents. are duly referenced in the Glossary. Likewise, the EMN would like to thank representatives of the EU’s multilingual interinstitu- tional terminology database ‘Inter-Active Terminology for Europe’ (IATE)7 for their technical support in updating the Glossary.

2 and Norway which participates in the EMN 3 Version 2.0 of January 2012, Version 3.0 of October 2014, Version 4.0 of December 2015 and Version 5.0 of December 2016 4 The latest printed edition was Version 3.0. 5 COM(2015) 240 final, available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1485255362454&uri=CELEX:52015DC0240 6 According to the ISO standard 25964 a ‘preferred term (descriptor)’ is a term used to represent a concept. When two or more terms representing the same concept in the same language exist, one of them is designated a ‘preferred term’ under which the main entry in the Glossary (with definition, source and notes) is listed; the other(s) are listed under the same entry as synonyms and in the index to the Glossary 7 www.iate.europa.eu 5 In the subsequent sections, a brief overview of the EMN is given, 3. Method and approach followed followed by an outline of the methodology used to develop the for developing the EMN Glossary Glossary and some guidance as to its presentation and usage. 3.1. Scope of the Glossary 2. The European Migration Network The EMN Glossary is a multilingual and multidisciplinary The need to exchange information on all aspects of migration glossary for terms that are important in the field of asylum and had already been identified in the initial development of a migration. It has a focus on legal concepts deriving from the EU common EU Asylum and Migration Policy.8 To improve the acquis, while at the same time acknowledging different unders- exchange of information between and within Member States tandings of terms in a more global or national context, or in across the wide range of asylum and migration policy develop- different disciplines (e.g. demography, sociology, economics). ments, information must be comparable between the Member Emphasis is given to terms relating to international protection States to the greatest possible extent, and for this a consistent and refugees, and legal migration, as well as irregular migration use of terms is required. and return. In addition, terms that are relevant to asylum and migration, which pertain to fundamental rights, integration, Council Decision 2008/381/EC of 14 May 20089 established a equality and crossborder movement, are also included. The legal base for the European Migration Network. The purpose of Glossary includes entries for European and international institu- the EMN is to meet the information needs of Union institutions tions, organisations and processes which play a key role in the and of EU Member States’ authorities and institutions by pro- European migration policy, including bodies contributing to the viding up-to-date, objective, reliable and comparable information implementation of the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility on asylum and migration, with a view to supporting policy- – i.e. the external dimension of the EU’s policy on asylum and making in the European Union in these areas. The EMN also migration (e.g. Bali Process, Black Sea Synergy, European Union serves to provide the general public with such information. It is Emergency Trust Fund for Africa (EUTF for Africa)). coordinated by the European Commission (Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs), which is assisted by a Service Throughout the Glossary, wherever there is a reference to a phe- Provider, in cooperation with the National Contact Points (EMN nomenon (e.g. migration), there is always a reference to the cor- NCPs) from each EU Member State10 plus Norway. More infor- responding person (e.g. migrant). To limit redundancy for some mation on the EMN, including its structure, activities, reports and terms, preference has been given to the term for either a person studies, may be obtained from its website 11 or the process, depending on which term is more commonly used. For example, ‘highly qualified migrant’ is a term that is One of the main objectives of the EMN as outlined in Article more commonly used than ‘highly qualified migration’. There are 2(1c) of Council Decision 2008/381/EC is to improve the consis- some terms in the Glossary that have been added for the sake tency and comparability of information between Member States. of completeness but which are no longer considered to be in The development of a comprehensive glossary that identifies current use, e.g. guest worker. In such instances, the rationale is and describes different concepts central to asylum and highlighted in the notes. migration policy in the EU is one of the main activities undertaken by the EMN to achieve this objective. 3.2. Processes followed for updating the Glossary

The Glossary was developed by the EMN’s Glossary and The- saurus Working Group (GTWG), which includes representatives from EMN National Contact Points (NCPs) and, in some cases, experts from EMN NCP networks, as well as a representative

8 Tampere Council Conclusions, available at: www.europarl.europa.eu/summits/tam_en.htm 9 Available at: www.eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014R0516 10 except Denmark. 11 https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/what-we-do/networks/european_migration_network_en ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

6 from the European Commission and the EMN Service Provider. 2. other EU entities, including Eurostat, the European Asylum Other experts from different European institutions, such as the Support Office (EASO), the European Union Agency for Funda- European Asylum Support Office (EASO), the European Union mental Rights (FRA), the European Border and Coast Guard Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA), the European Border and Agency (FRONTEX), the National Contact points on Integration, Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) and IATE also participated regu- EUROJUST and the European Police Office (EUROPOL); larly or on an ad-hoc basis. International organisations such the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the 3. European/international conventions, treaties and protocols International Organisation for Migration (IOM) have recently par- (e.g. on smuggling, trafficking and forced labour from the United ticipated in the meetings or actively contributed to the deve- Nations, the Council of Europe and the International Criminal lopment of the glossary by written statements. Court);

The EMN Glossary reflects – to the greatest extent possible – the 4. glossaries developed by international bodies, such as the most up-to-date developments in the field of asylum and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR); the migration, and the understanding of terms and concepts. In this International Organisation for Migration (IOM), the International way, the Glossary and Thesaurus Working Group aims to support Labour Organisation (ILO) and the Organisation for Economic policy-makers at the cusp of defining new concepts relevant to Co-operation and Development (OECD); the field. 5. other relevant (EU) projects/entities (e.g. the European Union The EMN Glossary is available in different formats: as an inte- Observatory on Democracy, THESIM). ractive online Glossary via the EMN website, which is updated on a regular basis, or; as a printed edition, which is usually Some of the existing definitions of glossary entries have been published following more substantial updates and new terms. As modified so as to better reflect the usage of the term in the the Glossary is one of the key products of the EMN, the 10-year context of asylum and migration policy in the EU; where this is anniversary of the EMN – celebrated on 15th May 2018 – serves the case, it is indicated in the ‘source’ that the definition is as an excellent occasion for publishing a new printed edition. ‘derived by’ the EMN. Likewise, some definitions had to be developed by the working group itself, as they could not be sourced Readers are invited to suggest new terms and/or definitions for from the references outlined above; in such cases the entry the Glossary, and to comment on existing ones, by contacting source indicates that the definition was ‘developed by’ the EMN. the EMN at: https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/content/ about-emn-0_en 3.4. Definitions

3.3. Hierarchy of sources for defining terms Each EMN glossary definition has been formulated according to the IATE standard, meaning that they can directly replace the As existing definitions in the field of asylum and migration may term in any given text. For example, the term ‘applicant for inter- be vague, controversial or contradictory, and as there are, for national protection’ can be directly replaced in any text with its many terms, no universally accepted definitions, the Glossary definition: ‘third-country national or a stateless person who has and Thesaurus Working Group established a hierarchy of sources made an application for international protection in respect of from which definitions should be selected, with definitions given which a final decision has not yet been taken’. Parts of the terms in the EU acquis on asylum and immigration being prioritised of the EMN glossary have already been integrated into the IATE above other definitions. database.

The hierarchy of sources of the definitions is, therefore as Some terms are understood differently when they are used in a follows: global context, an EU context or specific legal contexts (e.g. in the context of the Schengen Convention or Dublin Convention). 1. EU directives/regulations/decisions and then any definitions In such cases, the context in which a term should be understood given in European Commission communications, particularly is indicated in the definition. those with proposals for directives;

7 Terms which have a specific linkage to asylum and migration e.g. “fundamental rights” or “reception conditions”, it is listed in issues but which can be understood in contexts other than plural. To the greatest extent possible, both the terms and their asylum and migration (e.g. access to healthcare, school pupil, definitions are gender neutral. For consistency with the IATE student, researcher) are defined specifically for the asylum and database, the gender-neutral plural pronouns ‘they’, ‘them’, migration context. Terms that do not have an obvious link to ‘their’ have been used throughout, even when referring to the asylum and migration (e.g. child care, civil war, (environmental) singular. While some EU languages employ a gender system of disaster, economic sector, education, language) have been agreement for nouns (e.g. in German, Migrant for a male migrant omitted from the Glossary. and Migrantin for a female migrant), for simplicity and for consistency with other glossaries only one gender form of such As many definitions are derived from the EU acquis, they are, in terms (the most generic) is used for these entries. most cases, valid for all EU and often for all EEA Member States and Switzerland. Where national definitions deviate from that of 4.3. Use of ISO standards for listing the Glossary, this is indicated in the notes. EU Member States and EU languages

3.5. Preferred terms and synonyms All reference to EU and EEA Member States (and Switzerland) and their languages, whether in the definition, notes or sub- Where multiple interchangeable terms (synonyms) were avai- heading, uses abbreviations according to the country codes of lable for a single concept, a ‘preferred term’ was selected and all the ISO standard 3166-alpha.12 All other countries and lan- the other possible terms (including quasi-synonyms and guages are mentioned in full. However, the translations of the acronyms) were listed as synonyms. In some cases, the synonym terms are listed in accordance with the abbreviations of EU is more common in an EU Member State than the ‘preferred Member States languages following the languages codes of the term’ – e.g. ‘deportation’ is more commonly used than ‘removal’ ISO standard 63913 (see chapter 4.5). It should be noted that the in many EU Member States, even though ‘removal’ is the term ISO codes for languages often differ from the countries in which used in EU legislation. In such cases, an explanatory note has they are spoken, i.e. Sweden is ‘SE’ whereas Swedish is ‘SV’, but been added to clarify national specificities. both France and French are abbreviated to ‘FR’.

4. Format of the EMN Glossary 4.4. Source of information of notes

The development of the Glossary also included agreeing on a Unless indicated to the contrary, all text appearing in the note common approach with regard to the formatting of the terms has the same source as the definition. and definitions, as outlined in this section. 4.5. Translations 4.1. Order of terms Whilst the Glossary has been developed in English by the multi- The preferred terms are listed in (English) alphabetical order. lingual members of the working group, another aspect, men- Where the term is an expression or compound word (i.e. com- tioned previously, was the need for translations. One feature of prised of more than one word), the entry reflects the ordering of the EMN Glossary is to have translations of the terms into other the term in common usage – e.g. economic migration or EU Member State languages plus Norwegian. Version 6.0 applicant for international protection. contains translations of terms into 22 of the EU’s 24 languages.14 4.2. Nominal agreement and gender neutrality in the Glossary The translations are, to the greatest possible extent, direct translations of the English term, or otherwise a translation that better Terms are listed in the singular (not plural). Only in exceptional reflects the definition given. For some terms, no translation was cases, when a term is commonly used in the plural form, such as available, either because the English term has been borrowed 12 www.iso.org/iso/country_codes.htm

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION 13 https://www.iso.org/iso-639-language-codes.html 14 All except for Croatian and Danish

8 into the language and is more commonly used, or because the include terms that may represent a slightly different concept term is not used in a national context. In the case of the former (i.e. quasi-synonyms), as well as acronyms and abbreviations. (English term preferred), this is indicated under the field for the All synonyms are listed in the index. translation as ‘no usual translation’. In the latter case (where the term is not used at all in a national context), this is indicated by ■■ A hierarchical relationship is a relationship between a pair ‘no translation’. of concepts in which one falls within the scope of the other – see broader term and narrower term. A broader term indi- Conversely, some terms have more than one translation avai- cates the relationship between a more generic and a more lable in the national context, depending on whether reference specific term. For example, ‘economic migrant’ is a broader was being made to national law or the EU acquis. In these cases, term of the term ‘labour migrant’, which in turn is the nar- more translations have been provided, starting with the context rower term. of the EU acquis and followed by the national context, separated by a semicolon. The European context is indicated by ‘(EU acquis)’ ■■ An associative relationship is a relationship between a pair and, the national translation is added without any further of concepts that are not related hierarchically but which remark. The Slovak translation of ‘breeder documents’ may serve share a strong semantic or conceptual connection. Such as an example: východiskové doklady (EU acquis); zdrojové related terms are not related in a hierarchical manner but doklady. In cases where there are no such indications, but more have an association, which may help users to understand than one translation is given (separated by a ‘/’), the translations wider contexts and meanings of the terms in which they have can be used synonymously. an interest.

The acronyms used in the Glossary for the translations refer to 4.7. References to other terms the EU Member State languages. As mentioned previously, they in the Glossary follow the languages codes of the ISO standard 639.15 EU Member States having the same nominal language (e.g. AT/DE/ Where a preferred term existing and defined elsewhere in the LU, BE/FR/LU or BE/NL) are grouped together under the language Glossary is used in a particular definition or by an indicated (hie- ‘DE’, FR’ and ‘NL’ and any national deviations from the trans- rarchical or associative) relationship (see chapter 4.6 above), lation provided are indicated between parentheses16 – e.g. the then this term is indicated in bold the first time it is used in the term asylum seeker is translated as Asylwerber in Austria (AT), definition. For example, the definition for the term long-term Asylbewerber in Germany (DE) and in the context of the EU resident is given as ‘A third-country national who has long-term acquis, and in Luxembourg (LU), Asylantragsteller. A semicolon is resident status as provided for under Articles 4 to 7 of Council used to separate synonyms of the translation in the same Directive 2003/109/EC’; ‘third-country national’ is in bold as it is nominal language. The entry of the German translation of the defined elsewhere in the Glossary. term asylum seeker thus looks as follows: Asylantragsteller (EU acquis, LU); Asylwerber (AT); Asylbewerber (DE). 4.8 References to other sources

4.6. Relationships between terms Where in a definition or note, a source of an information (legal norms such as EU directives, international treaties, webpages, Most of the entries listed in the Glossary list a number of terms publications) is mentioned, this source is underlined. related to the preferred term through an equivalence, hierarchical or associative relationship.

■■ An equivalence relationship is a relationship between two terms that represent the same concept and which are therefore (virtually) interchangeable. In the Glossary, synonyms have an equivalence relationship and are understood to also 15 https://www.iso.org/iso-639-language-codes.html 16 Note that when the Norwegian terms differ in the two official versions of written Norwegian, the two terms have been given in the following format ‘...(b) ; …(n)’.

9 absconding

BG укриване Definition A CS útěk Action by which a person seeks to avoid administrative DE Untertauchen measures and/or legal proceedings by not remaining EL διαφυγή available to the relevant authorities or to the court. ES fuga ET kõrvalehoidumine Source FI pakeneminen Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘risk of ab- FR fuite sconding’ in Art. 3(7) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return GA éalú s.; éalaitheach a. Directive) HU engedély nélküli eltávozás / ismeretlen helyre Narrower term távozás IT fuga ★★ risk of absconding LT pasislėpimas LV bēgšana MT ħarba NL onderduiken PL ucieczka PT fuga / evasão RO sustragere SK útek SL izogibanje SV avvikande NO unndragelse (b); unndraging (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

10 accelerated international protection procedure A B BG ускорено производство за предоставяне на Definition международна закрила An expedited procedure to examine an application C CS zrychlené řízení o mezinárodní ochraně for international protection which is either already DE beschleunigtes Verfahren auf internationalen deemed manifestly unfounded, which involves serious Schutz national security or public order concerns, or which is D EL ταχεία διαδικασία εξέτασης αιτήσεως διεθνούς a subsequent application. προστασίας E ES tramitación de urgencia Source ET kiirendatud rahvusvahelise kaitse menetlus Derived by EMN from the Council of Europe’s Guide- F FI kansainvälistä suojelua koskeva nopeutettu lines on human rights protection in the context of ac- menettely celerated asylum procedures 2009 G FR procédure accélérée de traitement d’une Synonyms demande de protection internationale H GA Nós Imeachta Luathaithe um Chosaint ★★ accelerated procedure for international protection ★★ speedy asylum procedure Idirnáisiúnta I HU gyorsított menedékjogi eljárás ★★ speedy international protection procedure IT procedura accelerata di esame della domanda Broader term J di protezione internazionale ★★ procedure for international protection LT paspartinta tarptautinės apsaugos procedūra K (EU acquis); paspartinta prieglobsčio Notes procedūra 1. As per the Committee of Ministers of the Coun- L LV paātrināta starptautiskās aizsardzības cil of Europe’s guidelines on human rights protec- piešķiršanas procedūra tion in the context of accelerated asylum procedures M MT Proċedura aċċellerata għall-protezzjoni of 1 July 2009, the procedure derogates from normal- internazzjonali ly applicable procedural timescales and/or procedural N NL versnelde procedure voor de behandeling van guarantees with a view to expediting decision-making. het verzoek om internationale bescherming Procedures whereby a state may declare an applica- PL procedura przyspieszona w sprawie o tion inadmissible without considering the merits of O udzielenie ochrony międzynarodowej the claim also fall mutatis mutandis within the scope PT processo acelerado de proteção internacional of the guidelines. For more information see the web- P RO procedura accelerata page of the Council of Europe. SK zrýchlený postup posudzovania žiadosti o 2. Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Q medzinárodnú ochranu Directive) recognises, in Recital 18 of the Preamble SL pospešen postopek za pridobitev statusa and in Art. 31(2) that it is in the interest of both EU R mednarodne zaščite Member States and applicants for international pro- SV påskyndat prövningsförfarande av ansökan tection for decisions to be taken as soon as possible. S om internationellt skydd This Directive does not provide for minimum or maxi- NO hurtigprosedyre for behandling av mum time limits for taking a decision on applications T asylsøknader (b); hurtigprosedyre for for international protection nor does it define the term handsaming av asylsøknader (n) ‘accelerated procedure’. However, Art. 31(2) does U make clear that the speed of the asylum procedure may not prejudice ‘an adequate and complete exami- V nation’ of the asylum claim. 3. Accelerated procedures must comply with the basic W principles and guarantees laid down in Chapter II of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Di- X rective) and may be conducted only in limited cases laid down in Art. 31(8) of the Directive. Y Z

11 access to healthcare

BG достъп до здравни гриижи Synonyms A CS přístup ke zdravotní péči ★★ healthcare benefits DE Zugang zu medizinischer Versorgung ★★ medical benefits EL πρόσβαση στην υγειονομική περίθαλψη ES acceso a la asistencia sanitaria Broader term ET juurdepääs tervishoiule ★★ social protection benefits FI oikeus terveydenhuoltoon FR accès aux soins de santé Notes GA Rochtain ar Chúram Sláinte 1. In EU Member States, the scope of healthcare HU a migránsok társadalombiztosítási és to which a third-country national has access depends egészségügyi ellátásokhoz való hozzáférése on their residence or employment status. For further IT accesso all’assistenza sanitaria information see EMN: Migrants access to social securi- LT sveikatos priežiūros paslaugų prieinamumas ty and healthcare: policies and practice, 2014 LV piekļuve veselības aprūpei 2. According to Council Directive 2003/109/EC (Long MT Aċċess għas-servizzi tas-saħħa / għall-kura Term Residents Directive), long-term residents enjoy sanitarja the same access to healthcare as nationals as defined NL toegang tot gezondheidszorg by national law. PL dostęp do opieki zdrowotnej 3. Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Direc- PT acesso aos cuidados de saúde tive) grants access to adequate healthcare, including RO acces la ingrijirea sanatatii / acces la sistemul treatment of mental disorders when needed, to ben- medical eficiaries of international protection under the same SK prístup k zdravotnej starostlivosti eligibility conditions as nationals of the EU Member SL dostop do zdravstvenega varstva State that has granted such protection. SV tillgång till hälso- och sjukvård 4. Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions NO tilgang til helsetjenester (b); tilgang til Directive) establishes minimum standards for access helsetenester (n) to healthcare for applicants of international protection during the asylum procedure. It requires EU Member Definition States to ensure that asylum seekers at least receive Healthcare entitlements enjoyed by third-country emergency care and essential treatment for illnesses nationals (migrants, applicants for interna- and serious mental disorders. However, the entitle- tional protection and refugees) in EU Member ment of asylum seekers to healthcare services de- States and in their countries of origin. pends on national legislation and varies among Mem- ber States. See for example, the EMN: Ad-Hoc Query Sources on System of medical treatment of asylum seekers Derived by EMN from Art. 11 of Council Directive in Member States. 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents Directive) and 5. Access to healthcare can be a key factor in the Art. 30 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualifica- process of decision-making on applications for inter- tion Directive) national protection. Subsidiary protection may apply if the asylum-seeker contends that a return to the country of origin is impossible for health reasons, as the return of a sick person which is often connected with the medical standards in the country of return could constitute a breach of Art. 3 ECHR. Thus case workers have to take into account whether medical treatment is available in the country of origin and whether the available medical treatment would also be (e.g. financially) accessible to the concerned person upon return. For further information see the description of the MedCOI project in the List of projects funded by the European Refugee Fund in 2011.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

12 access to the procedure for international protection A

BG достъп до производство за международна Definition B закрила The obligation of EU Member States to ensure that CS přístup k řízení ve věci mezinárodní ochrany a person who has made an application for inter- C DE Zugang zum Verfahren auf internationalen national protection has an effective opportunity to Schutz lodge it as soon as possible. D EL Πρόσβαση στη διαδικασία διεθνούς προστασίας Source E ES acceso al procedimiento de protección Art. 6(2) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Pro- internacional cedures Directive) F ET juurdepääs rahvusvahelise kaitse menetlusele Narrower term FI pääsy menettelyyn G FR accès à la procédure d'octroi de la protection ★★ lodging an application for international protection internationale H GA rochtain ar nós imeachta cuí Related term HU eljáráshoz való hozzáférés ★★ making an application for international pro- I IT accesso alla procedura di registrazione della tection domanda di protezione internazionale LT galimybė naudotis tarptautinės apsaugos Notes J procedūra (EU acquis); galimybė pasinaudoti 1. The word "effective" is key in this definition and en- prieglobsčio suteikimo procedūra compasses that applicants are ensured the possibility K LV piekļuve starptautiskās aizsardzības to cooperate and communicate with the competent procedūrai authorities in a proper and adequate manner. L MT aċċess għall-proċedura għal protezzjoni 2. Applicants should be able to present the relevant internazzjonali facts of their case and ensured sufficient procedural M NL toegang tot de procedure guarantees in all stages of the procedure. PL dostęp do procedury N PT acesso ao procedimento de proteção internacional O RO SK prístup ku konaniu o medzinárodnej ochrane P SL dostop do postopka SV Rätt till prövning av ansökan om Q internationellt skydd NO tilgang til søknadsprosedyren for internasjonal R beskyttelse (b); tilgang til søknadsprosedyren for internasjonalt vern (n) S T U V W X Y Z

13 accommodation centre

BG център за настаняване Definition A CS pobytové středisko A place used for the collective housing of applicants DE Unterbringungszentrum for international protection. EL κέντρο φιλοξενίας ES centro de acogida Source ET majutuskeskus Art. 2(i) of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception FI vastaanottokeskus Conditions Directive) FR centre d’hébergement GA lárionad cóiríochta /gu & ai: lárionaid Broader term chóiríochta) ★★ reception facilities HU befogadó állomás Related term IT centro di accoglienza ★★ reception centre LT apgyvendinimo centras LV izmitināšanas centrs Notes MT Ċentru ta’ akkomodazzjoni 1. Such places include decentralised accommodation NL asielzoekerscentrum (NL); opvangcentrum (BE) centres. PL ośrodek dla osób ubiegających się o status 2. In FI, the preferred English translation is ‘reception uchodźcy centre’. PT centro de acolhimento 3. For more information on categories of reception fa- RO centru de cazare şi proceduri cilities available in EU Member States, see EMN: The SK ubytovacie zariadenie (EU acquis); pobytový Organisation of Reception Facilities for Asylum Seek- tábor ers in different Member States, 2014. SL nastanitveni center SV förläggning NO asylmottak / mottakssenter

acculturation

BG акултурация Definition CS akulturace A series of changes in cultural mores (ideas, words, DE Akkulturation values, norms, behaviour, institutions) resulting from EL επιπολιτισμός, πολιτιστική αλληπεπίδραση direct and continuous contact and interaction between ES aculturación groups of different cultures, particularly through mi- ET kultuuriline kohanemine gratory movements or economic exchange, the media FI akkulturaatio, sopeutuminen vieraaseen and other channels. kulttuuriin FR acculturation Sources GA athchultúrú Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd HU akkulturáció ed., 2011 IT acculturazione and LT akultūracija IOM Glossary on Migration, 1st ed., 2004 LV akulturācija Synonym MT Akkulturazzjoni ★★ inculturation NL acculturatie PL akulturacja Narrower terms PT aculturação ★★ assimilation RO aculturalizare ★★ integration SK akulturácia SL akulturacija SV ackulturation NO assimilasjon ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

14 acquisition of citizenship A BG придобиване на гражданство Definition B CS nabytí státního občanství Any mode of becoming a national, i.e. by birth or at any DE Erwerb der Staatsangehörigkeit / Erwerb der time after birth, automatic or non-automatic, based on C Staatsbürgerschaft attribution, declaration, option or application. EL κτήση ιθαγένειας D ES adquisición y atribución de nacionalidad Source ET kodakondsuse omandamine / kodakondsuse EUDO Glossary on Citizenship and Nationality E saamine Broader term FI kansalaisuuden saaminen F FR acquisition de la nationalité ★★ citizenship GA saoránacht a fháil Narrower term G HU állampolgárság megszerzése ★★ naturalisation IT acquisizione di cittadinanza H LT pilietybės įgijimas Related terms ★★ ius sanguinis LV pilsonības iegūšana I MT Ksib ta’ ċittadinanza ★★ ius soli NL verkrijging van het staatsburgerschap Notes PL nabywanie obywatelstwa J PT aquisição de nacionalidade 1. Art. 3(d) of Regulation (EC) No. 862/2007 (Migra- RO obtinerea cetateniei / dobandirea cetateniei tion Statistics Regulation) refers or relates to the ac- K SK nadobudnutie štátneho občianstva / získanie quisition of citizenship to those persons having their štátneho občianstva usual residence in the territory of the EU Member L SL pridobitev državljanstva State and having acquired during the reference year SV förvärv av medborgarskap the citizenship of the EU Member State and having M NO erverv av statsborgerskap (b); erverv av formerly held the citizenship of another EU Member statsborgarskap (n) State or a third country or having formerly been a N stateless person. 2. One of the possible ways of acquiring citizenship O is through naturalisation, which refers more to the decision / administrative process by the relevant au- P thorities for the granting of nationality. Q

R S T U V W X Y Z

15 act of persecution

BG действие на преследване Definitions A CS akt pronásledování In the global context, acts of human rights abuses DE Verfolgungshandlung or other serious harm, often, but not always, with a EL πράξη δίωξης systematic or repetitive element. ES act de persecución ET tagakiusamisakt In the EU context and within the meaning of Art. 1A FI vainoksi katsottavat teot of the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol, FR acte de persécution acts which are GA gníomh géarleanúna / iolra: gníomhartha géarleanúna (a) sufficiently serious by their nature or repetition as HU üldöz(tet)ésnek minősülő cselekmények to constitute a severe violation of basic human rights, IT atto di persecuzione in particular the rights from which derogation cannot LT persekiojimo veiksmas be made under Art. 15(2) of the European Conven- LV vajāšanas darbība tion on Human Rights; or MT Att ta’ persekuzzjoni NL daad van vervolging (b) an accumulation of various measures, including PL prześladowanie violation of human rights which is sufficiently severe PT atos de perseguição as to affect an individual in a similar manner as men- RO act de persecutie tioned in (a). SK čin prenasledovania / akt prenasledovania SL dejanje preganjanja Sources SV förföljelse Global context: UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms NO forfølgelseshandlinger (b); EU context: Art. 9 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast forfølgingshandlingar (n) Qualification Directive) Broader term ★★ persecution Related terms ★★ actor of persecution and serious harm ★★ group persecution ★★ serious harm Notes According to Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualifica- tion Directive), acts of persecution can, inter alia, take the form of: a) acts of physical or mental violence, including acts of sexual violence; b) legal, administrative, police, and/or judicial measures which are in themselves discriminatory or which are implemented in a discriminatory manner; c) prosecution or punishment which is disproportionate or discriminatory; d) denial of judicial redress resulting in a disproportionate or discriminatory punishment; e) prosecution or punishment for refusal to perform military service in a conflict, where performing military service would include crimes or acts falling within the scope of the grounds for exclusion as set out in Art. 12(2); f) acts of a gender-specific or child-specific nature

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

16 actor of persecution or serious harm A

BG субект на преследване Definitions B CS původce pronásledování Any person (individual or legal) causing persecution DE Akteur, von dem eine Verfolgung oder ein or serious harm, such as: C ernsthafter Schaden ausgehen kann EL υπεύθυνοι της δίωξης ή της σοβαρής βλάβης (a) the State; D ES agente de persecución ET tagakiusaja (b) parties or organisations controlling the State or a E FI vainon harjoittaja substantial part of the territory of the State; FR acteur des persécutions ou des atteintes F graves (c) non-State actors, if it can be demonstrated that the GA gníomhaí géarleanúna / iolra: gníomhaithe actors mentioned in (a) and (b), including international G géarleanúna organisations, are unable or unwilling to provide pro- HU üldöztetés és a súlyos sérelem forrásai tection against persecution or serious harm as defined H IT responsabile di persecuzione o danni gravi in Art. 7 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification LT persekiojimo vykdytojas Directive) I LV vajāšanas vai būtiska kaitējuma nodarīšanas dalībnieks Source MT Aġent / Awtur t’att ta’ persekuzzjoni Art. 6 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification J NL actor van vervolging of ernstige schade Directive) K PL prześladowca Broader terms PT agente de perseguição ★★ persecution RO agent de persecutie L ★★ serious harm SK pôvodca prenasledovania alebo vážneho bezprávia / aktér prenasledovania alebo Related terms M vážneho bezprávia ★★ act of persecution SL subjekt preganjanja ali resne kršitve ★★ group persecution N SV aktörer som utövar förföljelse NO aktører som er ansvarlig for forfølgelse / O aktører som utøver forfølgelse (b); aktørar som er ansvarlege for forfølging / aktørar som P utøver forfølging (n) Q

R S T U V W X Y Z

17 actor of protection

BG субект на закрила Definitions A CS poskytovatel ochrany Any person (individual or legal) providing effective and DE Akteur, der Schutz bieten kann non-temporary protection against persecution or EL υπεύθυνος προστασίας serious harm such as ES agente de protección ET kaitset tagav isik a) the State or FI suojelun tarjoaja FR acteur de la protection b) parties or organisations, including international or- GA gníomhaí cosanta (iolra: gníomhaithe cosanta) ganisations, controlling the State or a substantial part HU védelmet nyújtó of the territory of the State IT soggetto responsabile della protezione LT apsaugos teikėjas provided they are willing and able to offer protection. LV aizsardzības dalībnieks MT Aġent t’att ta’ protezzjoni Source NL actor van bescherming Derived by EMN from Art. 7 of Directive 2011/95/EC PL podmiot udzielający ochrony (Recast Qualification Directive) PT agente de proteção Broader term RO agent de protectie ★★ protection SK aktér ochrany SL subjekt zaščite Note SV aktörer som ger skydd Such protection is generally provided when the actors NO aktører som gir beskyttelse (b); aktørar som mentioned under points (a) and (b) of paragraph 1 gjev vern (n) take reasonable steps to prevent the persecution or suffering of serious harm, inter alia, by operating an effective legal system for the detection, prosecution and punishment of acts constituting persecution or serious harm, and when the applicant has access to such protection.

adaptation

BG приспособяване Definition CS adaptace Process of modifying some or all of one’s beliefs and/ DE Anpassung / Adaptation or attitudes so as to suit new conditions of life. EL προσαρμογή ES adaptación Source ET kohanemine UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminol- FI sopeutuminen ogy FR adaptation GA oiriúnú Narrower terms HU adaptáció / alkalmazkodás ★★ economic adaptation IT adattamento ★★ linguistic adaptation LT adaptacija ★★ occupational adaptation ★★ LV pielāgošanās school adaptation MT Addattament Related term NL aanpassing ★★ integration PL adaptacja PT adaptação RO adaptare SK prispôsobenie / adaptácia

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION SL prilagajanje / adaptacija SV anpassning 18 NO tilpasning (b); tilpassing (n) admission onto the territory A BG допускане на територията Definition B CS povolení ke vstupu na území The lawful entry of an alien onto the territory of a DE Zulassung zum Hoheitsgebiet State after inspection and authorisation by an immi- C EL εισδοχή στην επικράτεια gration officer. ES entrada legal al territorio D ET riiki lubamine Source FI maahantulon salliminen Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘admission’ in E FR admission sur le territoire IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 GA cead isteach sa chríoch Broader term F HU egy állam területére történő befogadás ★★ legal entry IT ammissione sul territorio G LT įleidimas į teritoriją Note LV uzņemšana teritorijā In countries signatory to the Schengen Agreement, H MT Dħul fit-territorju only citizens from countries which are not signatory NL toegang tot het grondgebied to the Schengen Agreement have to go through the I PL przyjęcie / dopuszczenie na terytorium admission process, whereas in non-Schengen coun- PT entrada no território tries all non-nationals have to be admitted. J RO admisie pe teritoriu SK povolenie vstupu na územie štátu SL (zakoniti) vstop na ozemlje K SV tillstånd att resa in i landet NO adgang til riket (b); tilgjenge til riket (n) L M

adoption (of a child) N BG осиновяване Definition O CS osvojení (dítěte) In the context of dependants, the statutory process DE Adoption (eines Kindes) of terminating legal rights and duties between the P EL υιοθεσία (παιδιού) child and the natural parents, and substituting similar ES adopción rights and duties between the child and the adoptive Q ET lapsendamine parents. FI adoptio FR adoption (d’un enfant) Source R GA uchtú; uchtáil IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 HU örökbefogadás S Narrower term IT adozione (di un bambino) LT įvaikinimas ★★ adoption of convenience T LV adopcija MT Addozzjoni U NL adoptie PL adopcja V PT adoção RO adoptare W SK osvojenie / adopcia (dieťaťa) SL posvojitev X SV adoption NO adopsjon Y

19 adoption (of legal acts)

BG приемане Definition A CS přijetí (právních aktů) In the context of accords, in public international law, DE Annahme (von Rechtsakten) the formal act by which negotiating parties establish EL υιοθέτηση (νομοθετικών πράξεων) the form and content of a treaty. ES adopción ET (õigusakti) vastuvõtmine Source FI hyväksyminen IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 FR adoption (d’actes législatifs) GA glacadh Note HU elfogadás The treaty is adopted through a specific act expressing IT adozione (di atti giuridici) the will of the states and the international organisa- LT (susitarimo) priėmimas tions participating in the negotiation of that treaty, e.g. LV pieņemšana by voting on the text, initialling, signing, etc. Adoption MT Aċċettazzjoni may also be the mechanism used to establish the NL goedkeuring form and content of amendments to a treaty, or regu- PL przyjęcie lations under a treaty. PT aprovação RO adoptie SK prijatie (právnych aktov) SL sprejetje SV antagande NO godkjenning

adoption of convenience

BG no translation Definition CS účelové osvojení An adoption (of a child) contracted for the sole pur- DE Scheinadoption pose of enabling the person adopted to enter or reside EL εικονική υιοθεσία in an EU Member State. ES adopción de conveniencia ET mugavuslapsendamine Source FI harhautustarkoituksessa toteutettu adoptio Art. 16(2b) of Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Family FR adoption de complaisance Reunification Directive) GA uchtú áise Broader term HU névleges örökbefogadás IT adozione fittizia ★★ adoption (of a child) LT fiktyvus įvaikinimas Related terms LV fiktīva adopcija ★★ civil partnership of convenience MT Addozzjoni ta’ konvenjenza ★★ marriage of convenience NL schijnadoptie ★★ partnership of convenience PL adopcja fikcyjna PT adopção de conveniência RO adoptie de convenienta SK účelové osvojenie SL posvojitev iz koristoljubja SV skenadoption NO proformaadopsjon

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

20 adult A

BG възрастен Definition B CS dospělá osoba Every human being aged 18 years and older (unless DE Erwachsener majority is attained later under the law applicable to C EL ενήλικας the adult). ES adulto D ET täisealine / täiskasvanu Source FI aikuinen Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘child’ in EMN E FR adulte Glossary GA aosach Related terms F HU felnőtt ★★ child IT adulto / maggiorenne G LT pilnametis ★★ minor LV pieaugušais Note H MT Adult(a) NL volwassene Adulthood can be defined in terms of biology, psychological adult development, law, personal charac- I PL osoba pełnoletnia ter or social status. For the purposes of this glossary, PT adulto / maior de idade a more legal definition is used. J RO adult SK dospelá osoba SL odrasel K SV vuxen NO voksen (b); vaksen (n) L M

advance passenger information (API) N

BG Предварителна информация за пътниците Definition O CS předem předané údaje o cestujících Information concerning the passengers whom carriers DE Vorabinformationen über die beförderte will transport to an authorised border crossing point P Person / Vorabdaten über die beförderte through which these persons will enter the territory of Person / Vorab-Passagier-Informationssystem an Schengen Member State, which carriers are obliged Q EL εκ των προτέρων διαβίβασης στοιχείων σχετικά to transmit, by end of check-in, at the request of the με επιβάτες authorities responsible for carrying out checks on per- R ES información anticipada del pasajero sons at external borders. ET reisijate eelandmed FI lentomatkustajien ennakkotiedot / API-tiedot Source S FR informations préalables sur les passagers Derived by EMN from Art.3 of Council Directive GA Réamhfhaisnéis faoi Phaisinéirí 2004/82/EC (Directive on the obligation of carriers to T HU előzetes utasinformáció communicate passenger data) IT informazioni anticipate sui passeggeri U Synonyms LT išankstinė informacija apie keleivius ★★ advance passenger data LV iepriekšēja pasažieru informācija V ★★ API MT informazzjoni antiċi-pata dwar il-passiġġieri ★★ APIS NL vooraf te verstrekken passagiersgegevens W ★★ Advance Passenger PL ★★ Information System PT Sistema Avançado de Informação sobre X Passageiros Note RO This information comprises: the number and type of Y SK vopred poskytované informácie o cestujúcich travel document used, nationality, full names, the SL predhodni podatki o date of birth, the border crossing point of entry into Z potniku the territory of the Schengen Member States, mode SV förhandsuppgifter om passagerare of transport, departure and arrival time of the trans- NO Forhåndsvarsel om passasjerer (b); portation, total number of passengers carried on that Førehandsvarsel om reisande (n) transport, the initial point of embarkation. 21

Africa Caribbean Pacific (ACP) Observatory on Migration

BG Обсерватория по миграция за страните от Definition A Африка, Карибите и Тихоокенския басейн A reference network of migration research institu- CS Observatoř pro migraci států Afriky, Karibiku tions and governmental entities dealing with migra- a Pacifiku tion in the six regions of the Africa Caribbean Pacific DE Beobachtungsstelle für Migration in Afrika, in (ACP) Group of States, namely West Africa, Central der Karibik und im pazifischen Raum Africa, East Africa, Southern Africa, the Caribbean and EL Παρατηρητήριο των χωρών ΑΚΕ (Αφρικής, the Pacific, designed to produce data on South-South Καραϊβικής και Ειρηνικού) για τη Μετανάστευση ACP migration flows for civil society and policy-mak- ES Observatorio sobre Migraciones Africa Caribe ers, and enhance research capacities in ACP countries Pacífico through networking and cooperation among organisa- ET Aafrika, Kariibi mere ja Vaikse ookeani tions. piirkonna riikide rände vaatluskeskus FI Afrikan, Karibian ja Tyynenmeren alueen Source muuttoliikkeiden seurantakeskus Website of the ACP Observatory on Migration FR Observatoire Afrique, Caraïbes, Pacifique sur les migrations Synonyms GA Faireachlann Stáit na hAfraice, Mhuir Chairib ★★ ACP agus an Aigéin Chiúin um Imirce, Faireachlann ★★ ACP Observatory on Migration ACC um Imirce Related terms HU Afrikai, Karibi és Csendes-óceáni Migrációs ★★ European Migration Network (EMN) Megfigyelő Központ ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility IT Osservatorio Africa, Caraibi e Pacifico sulle (GAMM) migrazioni LT Afrikos, Karibų ir Ramiojo vandenyno regiono Notes migracijos stebėsenos tinklas 1. The ACP was established in 2010 on the initiative LV Āfrikas, Karību jūras reģiona un Klusā okeāna of the Secretariat of the ACP Group of States, empow- valstu Migrācijas novērošanas centrs ered by the International Organization for Migra- MT Osservatorju (L-) tal-Afrika, Karibew u Paċifiku tion (IOM) and funded by the European Union with fuq il-Migrazzjoni the financial support of CH. NL Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory on 2. Activities are undertaken in 12 pilot countries (An- Migration gola, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Con- PL Obserwatorium Migracji państw Afryki, go, Haiti, Kenya, Lesotho, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Karaibów i Pacyfiku Senegal, Tanzania, Timor‑Leste and Trinidad and To- PT Observatório ACP das Migrações bago). RO Observator cu privire la migratie Africa 3. For more information see the webpage of the ACP Caraibe Pacific Observatory. SK Observatórium Skupiny afrických, karibských a tichomorských štátov pre migráciu SL Afriško - Karibsko - Pacifiški observatorij za migracije SV Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory on Migration (no usual translation) NO Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory on Migration (no usual translation)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

22 Africa-EU Migration, Mobility and Employment Partnership A

BG Партньорство за миграция, мобилност и Definition B заетост между страните на Африка и ЕС A partnership that provides comprehensive respons- CS Partnerství EU-Afrika pro migraci, mobilitu a es to the issues of migration, mobility and employ- C zaměstnanost ment, in the interest of all partners, with the particu- DE Afrika-EU Partnerschaft in den Bereichen lar objectives to create more and better jobs for Africa D Migration, Mobilität und Beschäftigung and to better manage migration flows. EL εταιρική σχέση ΕΕ-Αφρικής για τη E µετανάστευση, την κινητικότητα και την Source απασχόληση Website of the Africa-EU Partnership F ES Asociación África-UE sobre migración, Synonyms movilidad y empleo G ET Aafrika-EL migratsiooni, mobiilsuse ja ★★ Africa-EU MME Partnership ★★ MME Partnership tööhõive partnerlus H FI Afrikan ja EU:n kumppanuus muuttoliikkeen, Broader term liikkuvuuden ja työllisyyden aloilla ★★ Africa-EU Partnership FR Partenariat Afrique-UE sur les migrations, la I mobilité et l’emploi Related terms GA Comhpháirtíocht an AE agus na hAfraice ★★ Dialogue on Mediterranean Transit Migration J maidir le hImirce, Soghluaisteacht agus ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility Fostaíocht (GAMM) K HU Afrika-EU közötti Migrációs, Mobilitási és Foglalkoztatási Partnerség Notes L IT Partenariato Africa-UE in materia di 1. The MME Partnership was launched during the 2nd Migrazione, Mobilità e Occupazione Africa-EU Summit of Heads of State and Government M LT ES-Afrikos partnerystė migracijos, mobilumo ir in December 2007 in Lisbon, where the Joint EU-Af- užimtumo srityse rica Strategy and the First Action Plan (2008-2010) N LV Āfrikas un ES Migrācijas, mobilitātes un were adopted. nodarbinātības partnerība 2. The partnership aims to ensure sustainable devel- O MT Sħubija bejn l-Afrika u l-UE dwar Migrazzjoni, opment and the implementation of relevant interna- Mobilità u Impiegi tional agreements and declarations, relying in par- P NL Afrika-EU-Partnerschap inzake migratie, ticular on the Tripoli Declaration on Migration and mobiliteit en werkgelegenheid Development, the Ouagadougou Action Plan to Com- Q PL Partnerstwo UE-Afryka na rzecz migracji, bat Trafficking in Human Beings, especially Women mobilności i zatrudnienia and Children and the Ouagadougou Declaration and R PT Parceria Africa-UE para as migrações, Plan of Action for Promotion of Employment and Pov- mobilidade e emprego erty Alleviation. S RO Parteneriatul Africa-EU cu privire la migraţie 3. It covers one of the eight areas of cooperation mobilitate şi angajare of the Africa-EU (Strategic) Partnership, which is the T SK Partnerstvo Afrika - EÚ v oblasti migrácie, formal channel through which the European Union and mobility a zamestnanosti the African Union work together, and which provides SL Afrika - EU Partnerstvo za migracije, the overarching long-term framework for Africa-EU U mobilnost in zaposlovanje relations. SV MME-partnerskapet (migration, rörlighet och 4. For more information, see the webpage of the Afri- V sysselsättning) ca-EU Partnership. NO Afrika–EU migrasjons-, mobilitets- W og sysselsettingspartnerskap (b); Afrika–EU migrasjons-, mobilitets- og X sysselsetjingspartnarskap Y

23 age assessment

BG оценка на възрастта Definition A CS určení věku Process by which authorities seek to establish the DE Altersfeststellung / Altersbestimmung chronological age, or range of age, of a person in or- EL υπολογισμός της ηλικίας der to determine whether an individual is a child or ES determinación de la edad not. ET vanuse määramine FI iän määrittäminen / iän selvittäminen Source FR détermination de l’âge Derived by EMN from EASO: Age assessment practice GA measúnú aoise in Europe, 2013 HU kormeghatározás Related terms IT accertamento dell’età LT amžiaus nustatymas ★★ child ★★ LV vecuma noteikšana minor MT Valutazzjoni / Stima tal-età Notes NL leeftijdsonderzoek Art. 4 (3a) of Council Resolution of 26 June PL ustalenie / ocena wieku 1. 1997 on unaccompanied minors states that in prin- PT determinação da idade ciple, unaccompanied asylum-seekers claiming to be RO evaluarea varstei minors must produce evidence of their age. If such SK posúdenie veku evidence is not available or serious doubt persists, EU SL ocenjevanje starosti Member States may carry out an age assessment. Age SV åldersbedömning assessment should be carried out objectively. For such NO aldersvurdering purposes, EU Member States may have a medical age-test carried out by qualified medical personnel, with the consent of the minor, a specially appointed adult representative or institution. 2. According to UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No. 6, the identification of a child as an unaccompanied and separated child (UASC) includes age assessment, which should take into account physical appearance, but also psychological maturity. The assessment must be conducted in a scientific, safe, child and gender-sensitive and fair manner, avoiding any risk of violation of the physical integrity of the child, giving due respect to human dignity. 3. Age assessment can include a variety of processes or procedures either undertaken singularly or in combination, such as: analysis of documentary evidence, interview, X-ray, physical or other form of medical examination.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

24 airport transit visa A

BG виза за летищен транзит Definition B CS letištní průjezdní vízum A visa valid for transit through the international DE Visum für den Flughafentransit transit areas of one or more airports of the EU Mem- C EL θεώρηση διέλευσης από αερολιμένα ber States. ES visado de tránsito aeroportuario D ET lennujaama transiidiviisa Source FI lentokentän kauttakulkuviisumi Art. 2(m) of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III E FR visa de transit aéroportuaire Regulation) GA víosa idirthurais aerfoirt Broader term F HU repülőtéri tranzit vízum ★★ visa IT visto di transito aeroportuale G LT oro uosto tranzitinė viza Related terms LV lidostas tranzītvīza ★★ long-stay visa H MT Viża għat-transitu fl-ajruport ★★ short-stay visa NL luchthaventransitvisum I PL lotniskowa wiza tranzytowa PT visto de trânsito aeroportuário J RO viza de tranzit aeroportuar SK letiskové tranzitné vízum SL letališki tranzitni vizum K SV visering för flygplatstransitering NO transittvisum for lufthavn (b); transittvisum for L lufthamn (n) M N alien O BG чужденец Definitions CS cizinec In the global context, a person who is not a national P DE Ausländer (native or citizen) of a given State. EL αλλοδαπός Q ES extranjero In the EU context, a person who is not a national of an ET välismaalane EU Member State. R FI ulkomaalainen FR étranger Sources GA eachtrannach Global context: Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on S HU külföldi Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 IT straniero EU context: Schengen acquis T LT užsienietis Synonyms LV ārzemnieks U ★★ foreigner MT Persuna barranija / għariba ★★ non-citizen NL vreemdeling V ★★ non-national PL cudzoziemiec PT estrangeiro Related terms W RO străin ★★ non-EU national SK cudzinec ★★ third-country national X SL tujec SV utlänning Note Y NO utlending / utenlandsk borger (b); utlending / The more frequently used term in the EU context utanlandsk borgar (n) is third-country national. Z

25 alternative to detention

BG алтернатива на задържане Notes A CS alternativa k zajištění Alternatives to detention usually provide more fa- DE Alternative zur Inhaftierung / Alternative zur 1. vourable (‘less coercive’) conditions for the potential Inhaftnahme / Haftalternative ; Alternative zur detainee, and may also be more cost-efficient. They Schubhaft / gelinderes Mittel (AT) are still subject to human rights standards. EL εναλλακτικά της κράτησης μέτρα 2. The alternatives, many of which can be used in ES alternativas al internamiento combination with each other, can be broadly grouped ET kinnipidamise alternatiivid under the following categories: FI säilöönotolle vaihtoehtoiset turvaamistoimet - obligation to surrender passports or travel docu- FR alternative à la rétention ments GA malairt ar choinneáil (iolra: malairtí ar - residence restrictions which impose the duty of re- choinneáil) maining at a particular address or residing within a HU a fogvatartás alternatívái specific geographical area often combined with regu- IT disposizione alternativa al trattenimento lar reporting requirements. The designated places can LT alternatyvi sulaikymui priemonė be open or semi-open facilities run by the government LV alternatīva aizturēšanai or NGOs, as well as hotels, hostels or private address- MT Alternattiva għad-detenzjoni es. The regime imposed can vary, but people generally NL alternatief voor bewaring (NL); alternatief have voor detentie (BE) to be present at the designated location at certain PL alternatywa wobec zatrzymania times, while absences are usually only allowed with a PT alternativa à detenção well-founded justification. RO alternativa la masura detentiei - release on bail and provision of sureties by third par- SK alternatíva k zaisteniu / alternatíva zaistenia ties SL alternativa k pridržanju / alternativa k omejitvi - supervision which obliges people to report to the gibanja police or immigration authorities at regular intervals, SV alternativ till förvar and is one of the more frequent alternatives to deten- NO alternativ til forvaring tion found in national legislation. Reporting duties on a daily, bi-weekly, weekly or even less frequent basis Definition may also be imposed as an additional requirement to Non-custodial measures used to monitor and/or limit the obligation to reside at a specified place. the movement of third-country nationals in ad- - placement in open facilities with caseworker support vance of forced return or deciding on the individual’s which is an innovative alternative to detention; asylum right to remain in the Member State, such as regu- seekers or people in return procedures are placed in lar reporting, the surrender of a financial guarantee or open facilities and provided with individual coaches travel documents, electronic monitoring. or counsellors to inform and advise them about their Source situation and options. Derived by EMN from Art. 8(4) of Directive 2013/33/ - electronic monitoring which is the most intrusive of EU (Recast Reception Conditions Directive) the various alternatives to BE23 as it substantially interferes with a person’s right to privacy, restricts free- Related term dom of movement and can have a negative impact on ★★ detention their dignity. It can also lead to discrimination through the potential association of people wearing an electronic device with criminals. 3. Reception facilities can be considered an alternative to detention only in cases where the individual concerned has to report regularly to the competent authorities, or if there are residency requirements. 4. For further information see EMN: Use of detention and alternatives to detention in the context of immigration policies, 2014.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

26 applicant for international protection A

BG кандидат за международна закрила Definition B CS žadatel o mezinárodní ochranu A third-country national or a stateless person DE Antragsteller auf internationalen Schutz who has made an application for international C EL αιτών διεθνή προστασία protection in respect of which a final decision has ES solicitante de protección internacional not yet been taken. D ET rahvusvahelise kaitse taotleja FI kansainvälistä suojelua hakeva Source E FR demandeur de protection internationale Art. 2(i) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification GA iarratasóir ar chosaint idirnáisiúnta Directive) F HU menedékkérő Narrower terms IT richiedente protezione internazionale G LT tarptautinės apsaugos prašytojas (EU acquis); ★★ applicant in need of special procedural guar- prieglobsčio prašytojas antees ★★ H LV starptautiskās aizsardzības pieteikuma applicant with special reception needs ★★ iesniedzējs asylum seeker ★★ I MT Applikant(a) għall-protezzjoni internazzjonali rejected applicant for international protection Related terms NL verzoeker om internationale bescherming J PL wnioskodawca o udzielenie ochrony ★★ beneficiary of international protection międzynarodowej ★★ person eligible for subsidiary protection PT requerente de proteção internacional K RO solicitant al protectiei internationale SK žiadateľ o medzinárodnú ochranu (EU acquis) L SL prosilec za mednarodno zaščito SV sökande av internationellt skydd M NO person som søker om internasjonal beskyttelse (b) / person som søkjer om N internasjonalt vern (n) O

P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

27 applicant in need of special procedural guarantees

BG кандидат, който се нуждае от специални Definition A процедурни гаранции An applicant whose ability to benefit from the rights CS žadatel, který potřebuje zvláštní procesní and obligations provided for in Directive 2013/32/EU záruky (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) is limited due to DE Antragsteller, der besondere individual circumstances. Verfahrensgarantien benötigt EL αιτών που χρήζει ειδικών διαδικαστικών Source εγγυήσεων Art. 2(d) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Pro- ES solicitante que necesita garantías cedures Directive) procedimentales especiales ET spetsiaalseid menetlustagatisi vajav taotleja Broader term FI hakija, joka tarvitsee erityisiä menettelyllisiä ★★ applicant for international protection takeita Related term FR demandeur nécessitant des garanties ★★ applicant with special reception needs procédurales spéciales GA iarratasóir a bhfuil sainráthaíochtaí nós imeachta de dhíth air HU különleges eljárási garanciákat igénylő kérelmező IT richiedente protezione internazionale che necessita di garanzie procedurali particolari LT prašytojas, kuriam reikia specialių procesinių garantijų (EU acquis); prašytojas, kuriam reikia specialių procedūrinių garantijų LV pieteikuma iesniedzējs, kuram nepieciešamas īpašas procesuālās garantijas MT Applikant(a) bi ħtieġa / fil-bżonn ta’ garanziji proċedurali speċjali NL verzoeker die bijzondere procedurele waarborgen behoeft PL wnioskodawca wymagający specjalnych gwarancji proceduralnych PT requerente com necessidade de garantias processuais especiais RO solicitant care mecesita garantii procedurale speciale SK žiadateľ, ktorý potrebuje osobitné procesné záruky (EU acquis) SL prosilec, ki potrebuje posebna postopkovna jamstva SV sökande i behov av särskilda förfarandegarantier NO søker som har behov for særskilt saksbehandlingsprosedyre (b); søkjar som treng særskild sakshandsamingsprosedyre (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

28 applicant with special reception needs A

BG кандидат със специални потребности за Definition B приемане A vulnerable person, in accordance with Art. 21 of CS žadatel se zvláštními potřebami při přijetí Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions C DE Antragsteller mit besonderen Bedürfnissen bei Directive), who is in need of special guarantees in order Aufnahme der to benefit from the rights and obligations provided D EL αιτών με ειδικές ανάγκες υποδοχής for in Directive 2013/33/EU. ES solicitante con necesidades de acogida E particulares Source ET taotleja, kes vajab vastuvõtu eritingimusi Art. 2(k) of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception F FI hakija, jolla on erityisiä vastaanottotarpeita Conditions Directive) FR demandeur ayant des besoins particuliers en G matière d’accueil Broader terms ★★ applicant for international protection GA iarratasóir a bhfuil sainriachtanais fáiltithe H aige ★★ vulnerable person HU különleges befogadási igényekkel rendelkező Related term I kérelmező ★★ applicant in need of special procedural guar- IT richiedente protezione internazionale con antees esigenze di accoglienza particolari J LT specialių priėmimo poreikių turintis prašytojas LV pieteikuma iesniedzējs ar īpašām uzņemšanas K vajadzībām MT Applikant(a) bi bżonnijiet speċjali ta’ L akkoljenza NL verzoeker met bijzondere opvangbehoeften M PL wnioskodawca o szczególnych potrzebach w zakresie przyjmowania N PT requerente com necessidades de acolhimento especiais O RO solicitant cu nevoi speciale de primire SK žiadateľ s osobitnými potrebami pri prijímaní P (EU acquis) SL prosilec s posebnimi sprejemnimi potrebami Q glede sprejema SV sökande med särskilda mottagandebehov R NO søker som har behov for særskilte innkvarteringsforhold (b); søkjar som treng S særskilde innkvarteringstilhøve (n) T

U V W X Y Z

29 application for asylum

BG молба за убежище Definition A CS žádost o azyl An application made by a foreigner or a stateless DE Asylantrag person which can be understood as a request for EL αίτηση ασύλου protection under zzzzzzthe Geneva Refugee Con- ES solicitud de asilo vention and Protocol or national refugee law. ET varjupaigataotlus FI turvapaikkahakemus Source FR demande d’asile Derived by EMN from the definition in Art. 2 (b) of GA iarratas ar thearmann Council Directive 2005/85/EC (Asylum Procedures Di- HU menedékjog iránti kérelem rective) IT domanda d’asilo Synonyms LT prašymas suteikti prieglobstį ★★ asylum application LV patvēruma pieteikums ★★ asylum claim MT Talba / Applikazzjoni għall-ażil NL asielverzoek / asielaanvraag Broader term PL wniosek o azyl ★★ application for international protection PT pedido de asilo RO cerere de azil Narrower term SK žiadosť o udelenie azylu / žiadosť o azyl ★★ unfounded application for international pro- SL prošnja za azil tection SV asylansökan Notes NO asylsøknad 1. In most EU Member States this term is understood as a synonym to application for international protection following the adoption of Directive 2011/95/ EU (Recast Qualification Directive) and Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive). However, UK and IE, which have not adopted the single procedure, continue to use the term ‘application for asylum’ for an application for protection under the Geneva Refugee Convention only. In DE the term is still used to include, in addition to the application for international protection according the Qualification Di- rective, also the application according to the national legislation, Art. 16a Basic Law. 2. Outside EU legislation and in everyday use, the terms ‘asylum application’ and ‘application for asylum’ are often used more frequently than ‘application for international protection’. 3. According to Protocol 24 of TFEU on asylum for nationals of Member States of the European Union (1997), EU Member States shall be regarded as constituting safe countries of origin in respect of each other for all legal and practical purposes in relation to asylum matters. Accordingly, any application for asylum made by a national of an EU Member State is normally not taken into consideration. In practice, non-EU Member States can receive applications for asylum from EU Member States.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

30 application for international protection A

BG молба за международна закрила Definition B CS žádost o mezinárodní ochranu A request made by a third-country national or a DE Antrag auf internationalen Schutz stateless person for protection from a EU Member C EL αίτηση για διεθνή προστασία State, who can be understood to seek refugee status ES solicitud de protección internacional or subsidiary protection status, and who does not D ET rahvusvahelise kaitse taotlus explicitly request another kind of protection, outside FI kansainvälistä suojelua koskeva hakemus the scope of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualifica- E FR demande de protection internationale tion Directive), that can be applied for separately. GA iarratas ar chosaint idirnáisiúnta F HU nemzetközi védelem iránti kérelem Source IT domanda di protezione internazionale Art. 2(h) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification G LT tarptautinės apsaugos prašymas (EU acquis); Directive) prašymas suteikti prieglobstį Narrower terms H LV starptautiskās aizsardzības pieteikums ★★ MT Talba għall-protezzjoni internazzjonali application for asylum ★★ examination of an application for internation- I NL verzoek om internationale bescherming al protection PL wniosek o udzielenie ochrony ★★ subsequent application for international pro- międzynarodowej J tection PT pedido de proteção internacional ★★ unfounded application for international pro- RO cerere de protectie internationala K tection SK žiadosť o medzinárodnú ochranu (EU acquis) ★★ withdrawal of an application for international SL prošnja za mednarodno zaščito L protection SV ansökan om internationellt skydd NO søknad om internasjonal beskyttelse (b); Notes M søknad om internasjonalt vern (n) 1. In most EU Member States this term is understood as a synonym to ‘application for asylum’ following N the adoption of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Quali- fication Directive) and Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast O Asylum Procedures Directive). 2. In everyday use, the terms ‘asylum application’ and P ‘application for asylum’ are often used more frequently than ‘application for international protection’. Q 3. According to Protocol 24 of TFEU on asylum for nationals of Member States of the European Union R (1997), EU Member States shall be regarded as constituting safe countries of origin in respect of each S other for all legal and practical purposes in relation to asylum matters. Accordingly, any application for T asylum made by a national of an EU Member State is normally not taken into consideration. U V W X Y Z

31 apprehension

BG задържане Definition A CS zadržení In the EU migration context, any action by the relevant DE Aufgriff / Ergreifung / Festnahme national authority(ies) which results in identifying a EL σύλληψη third-country national found to be illegally pres- ES aprehensión ent and which may limit the freedom of movement of ET kinnipidamine / vahistamine the person concerned. FI kiinniottaminen / pidättäminen FR appréhension / arrestation Source GA gabháil Developed by EMN HU őrizetbe vétel Related terms IT arresto LT sulaikymas ★★ irregular migrant ★★ LV aizturēšana third-country national found to be illegally MT Qbid / Arrest present NL aanhouding PL zatrzymanie PT detecção RO luare in custodie publica SK zadržanie (EU acquis); predvedenie SL prijetje / aretacija SV kvarhållande NO pågripelse (b); pågriping (n)

Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM)

BG Среща Азия-Европа Definition CS Asijsko-evropské setkání An informal process of dialogue and cooperation DE Asien-Europa-Treffen bringing together countries of the two regions (28 EU EL Ευρωασιατικές Συναντήσεις Member States, two other European countries and 20 ES Conferencia Asia-Europa Asian countries), the European Commission and the ET Aasia-Euroopa kohtumine Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Sec- FI Aasian ja Euroopan yhteistyöfoorumi retariat which addresses political, economic and cul- FR Réunion Asie-Europe tural issues, with the objective of strengthening the GA Cruinniú den Áis agus den Eoraip relationship between the two regions, in a spirit of HU Ázsia-Európa Találkozó mutual respect and equal partnership. IT Meeting Asia-Europa LT Azijos ir Europos susitikimas Source LV Āzijas un Eiropas sanāksme Website of the Asia-Europe-Meeting (ASEM) MT Inkontru (L-) Asja-Ewropa (IAsE) Synonym NL Asia-Europe Meeting ★★ ASEM PL Asia-Europe Meeting PT Cimeira Ásia-Europa Related term RO Reuniunea Asia Europa ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility SK Stretnutie Ázia - Európa (EU acquis); Fórum (GAMM) Ázia - Európa SL Azijsko - Evropski sestanek Notes SV Asia-Europe Meeting / Asien-Europa-mötet 1. ASEM was initiated in 1996 in Bangkok. NO Asia-Europe Meeting 2. In the political field, areas of common interest include the fight against terrorism or the management of migration flows; discussions on human rights,

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION on the protection of children, and on the impact of globalisation. 3. For more information, see the website of the 32 Asia-Europe meeting. assigned area of residence A BG Зададена област на пребиваване Notes B CS vymezené území According to Art. 7(2) of Directive 2013/33/EU (Re- DE zugewiesenes Wohngebiet / geographische 1. cast Reception Conditions Directive) applicants for in- C Beschränkung des Aufenthalts / ternational protection may be assigned to a specific Wohnsitzauflage / Wohnsitzbeschränkung area for reasons of public interest, public order or, D EL οριζόμενη περιοχή διαμονής when necessary, for the swift processing and effective ES zona asignada monitoring of their application for international E ET kindlaksmääratud elamispiirkond protection. They may move freely within this as- FI osoitettu asuinpaikka signed area. The assigned area shall not affect the F FR zone de résidence attribuée unalienable sphere of private life and shall allow suf- GA ficient scope for guaranteeing access to all benefits G HU kijelölt tartózkodási hely under this Directive. IT area o luogo di residenza assegnata 2. National laws and/or administrative regulations of H LT nustatyta gyvenamoji vieta EU Member States and NO may determine where ben- LV noteiktais dzīvesvietas apgabals eficiaries of international protection will live, by either I MT żona ta’ residenza assenjata allocating them to or banning them from certain are- NL aangewezen / toegewezen gebied van verblijf as. The objective is to facilitate integration. J PL wyznaczony obszar 3. According to Art. 33 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Re- PT área de residência designada cast Qualification Directive) EU Member States must K RO zona stabilită allow freedom of movement within their territory to SK určená oblasť pobytu beneficiaries of international protection under the L SL določeno območje prebivanja same conditions as those provided for other non- SV anvisat boendeområde EU citizens who are legally resident. Beneficiaries of NO Pålagt bosted (b); subsidiary protection may be required to reside at a M Pålagd bustad (n) specific area of residence only in limited cases as the CJEU held in its judgment of 1 March 2016 (joined N Definition cases C-443/14 and C-444/14 ‘Alo & Osso’). In line Assignment of applicants for international pro- with that judgment, EU law does not preclude EU O tection and/or beneficiaries of international pro- Member States from imposing residence conditions on tection to a particular area of residence. a beneficiary of subsidiary protection status in receipt P Source of certain specific social security benefits, with the ob- Derived by EMN from Art. 7(2) of Directive 2013/33/ jective of facilitating the integration of third-country Q EU (Recast Reception Conditions Directive) nationals in the EU Member State that has granted that protection. However, such a limitation is not for R Synonyms the purpose of achieving an appropriate distribution ★★ geographic restriction on residence of the burden of paying benefits among the various S ★★ obligatory residence institutions competent in that regard, when the ap- ★★ residence condition plicable national rules do not provide for the imposi- T ★★ residence obligation tion of such a measure for other groups of migrants ★★ residence rule (including refugees). For more information see CJEU U judgment of 1 March 2016. 4. The concept of an assigned area of residence may V be implemented in the national context of EU Member States in different ways and be applied to different categories of applicants and/or beneficiaries of inter- W national protection. In IT beneficiaries of international protection can be assigned to a specific address/place X of residence. Y Z

33 assimilation

BG асимилация Definition A CS asimilace The gradual process by which a minority group DE Assimilation adopts the patterns of behaviour of a majority group EL αφομοίωση or host society and is eventually absorbed by the ES asimilación majority group/host society. ET assimileeruma FI assimilaatio Source FR assimilation Malgesini and Giménez: Guía de conceptos sobre mi- GA asamhlú graciones racismo e inteculturalidad, 2000 HU asszimiláció Synonym IT assimilazione ★★ cultural assimilation LT asimiliacija LV asimilācija Broader term MT Assimilazzjoni ★★ acculturation NL assimilatie PL asymilacja PT assimilação RO asimilare SK asimilácia SL asimilacija SV assimilering NO assimilering

assisted voluntary return

BG подпомогнато / асистирано доброволно Definition връщане Voluntary return or voluntary departure support- CS asistovaný dobrovolný návrat ed by logistical, financial and/or other material assis- DE unterstützte freiwillige Rückkehr tance. EL υποβοηθούμενη εκούσια / εθελούσια επιστροφή Source ES retorno voluntario asistido Developed by EMN ET toetatud vabatahtlik tagasipöördumine FI tuettu vapaaehtoinen paluu Broader terms FR aide au retour volontaire ★★ voluntary departure GA cur ar ais deonach cuidithe ★★ voluntary return HU támogatott önkéntes hazatérés IT rimpatrio volontario assistito LT (remiamas) savanoriškas grįžimas LV atbalstīta brīvprātīga atgriešanās MT Ritorn volontarju assistit NL begeleide vrijwillige terugkeer PL wspomagany dobrowolny powrót PT regresso voluntário RO returnare voluntară asistată SK asistovaný dobrovoľný návrat / ADN SL prostovoljno vračanje s pomočjo SV frivilligt återvändande NO assistert retur

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

34 asylum A

BG убежище Definition B CS azyl A form of protection given by a State on its territory, DE Asyl based on the principle of non-refoulement and in- C EL άσυλο ternationally or nationally recognised refugee rights ES asilo and which is granted to a person who is unable to D ET varjupaik seek protection in their country of citizenship and/or FI turvapaikka residence, in particular for fear of being persecuted for E FR asile reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a GA tearmann particular social group or political opinion. F HU menedékjog IT asilo Source G LT prieglobstis Developed by EMN LV patvērums Narrower term H MT Ażil ★★ right of asylum NL asiel I PL azyl Related term PT asilo ★★ international protection J RO azil SK azyl Note SL azil The literal translation of this term in Bulgarian (the K SV asyl word ‘убежище’) refers to a specific kind of protec- NO asyl tion which is granted by the President of the Republic L of Bulgaria and differs from the protection granted on the basis of the Geneva Refugee Convention M and Protocol. N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

35 Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF)

BG Фонд "Убежище, миграция и интеграция" Definition A CS Azylový, migrační a integrační fond An EU financial instrument for the period 2014 to DE Asyl-, Migrations- und Integrationsfonds 2020, which supports national and EU initiatives that EL Ταμείο Ασύλου, Μετανάστευσης και Ένταξης / promote the efficient management ofmigration ΤΑΜΕ flows and the implementation, strengthening and de- ES Fondo de Asilo, Migración e Integración (FAMI) velopment of a common Union approach to asylum, ET Varjupaiga-, Rände- ja migration and integration. Integratsioonifond FI Maahanmuutto-, turvapaikka ja Sources kotouttamisrahasto DG Migration and Home Affairs, e-Library: Glossary FR Fonds Asile, migration et intégration / FAMI and GA An Ciste um Thearmann, Imirce agus Art. 3 of Regulation (EU) No 516/2014 (AMIF-Regu- Lánpháirtíocht lation) HU Menekültügyi, Migrációs és Integrációs Alap / Synonym MMIA IT Fondo Asilo, Migrazioni e Integrazione / FAMI ★★ AMIF LT Prieglobsčio, migracijos ir integracijos fondas Notes / PMIF 1. AMIF was set up by the European Commission, DG LV Patvēruma, migrācijas un integrācijas fonds Migration and Home Affairs, with a total of EUR 3.137 MT Fond għall-Asil, il-Migrazzjoni u l-Integrazzjoni billion aiming to contribute to the achievement of the NL Fonds voor Asiel, Migratie en Integratie / following four specific objectives: Asiel-, Migratie- en Integratiefonds - asylum: strengthening and developing the Common PL European Asylum System (CEAS); PT Fundo para o asilo, a migração e a integração - legal migration and integration: supporting legal / FAMI migration to EU Member States in line with the labour RO market needs and the effective integration of non-EU SK Fond pre azyl, migráciu a integráciu nationals; SL Sklad za azil, migracije in integracijo - return: enhancing fair and effective return strate- SV Asyl-, migrations- och integrationsfonden gies, which contribute to combating irregular migra- NO Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (no tion, with an emphasis on sustainability and effective- usual translation) ness of the return process; - solidarity: making sure that EU Member States which are most affected by migration and asylum flows can count on solidarity from other EU Member States, while fully respecting the rights and principles enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. 2. The Fund also provides financial resources for the activities of the European Migration Network (EMN). 3. For further information see the AMIF-Website of DG Migration and Home Affairs.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

36 asylum seeker A

BG търсещ убежище Definitions B CS žadatel o azyl In the global context, a person who seeks protection DE Asylbewerber (EU acquis, DE); Asylwerber (AT); from persecution or serious harm in a country oth- C Asylantragsteller (LU) er than their own and awaits a decision on the appli- EL αιτών άσυλο cation for refugee status under relevant internation- D ES solicitante de asilo al and national instruments. ET varjupaigataotleja E FI turvapaikanhakija In the EU context, a third-country national or FR demandeur d’asile stateless person who has made an application for F GA iarratasóir ar thearmann protection under the Geneva Refugee Convention HU menedékkérő and Protocol in respect of which a final decision G IT richiedente asilo has not yet been taken. LT prieglobsčio prašytojas H LV patvēruma meklētājs Sources Global context: Derived by EMN from IOM glossary on MT Applikant(a) għall-ażil I NL asielzoeker migration, 2 ed. 2011 PL osoba ubiegająca się o nadanie statusu EU context: Derived by EMN from Art. 2(b) of Council uchodźcy (azyl) Directive 2005/85/EC (Asylum Procedures Directive) J PT requerente de asilo Synonym RO solicitant de azil K ★★ asylum applicant SK žiadateľ o udelenie azylu / žiadateľ o azyl SL prosilec za azil Broader term L SV asylsökande ★★ applicant for international protection NO asylsøker (b); asylsøkjar (n) M Related term ★★ refugee N Notes O 1. In most EU Member States this term is understood as a synonym to applicant for international protection P following the adoption of Directive 2011/95/EU (Re- cast Qualification Directive) and Directive 2013/32/EC Q (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive). However, other EU Member States, such as the UK and IE which have R not adopted the single procedure, continue to use the term ‘asylum seeker’ for an applicant who requests S protection under the Geneva Refugee Conven- tion and Protocol only. In DE the term is still used to include, in addition to the provisions of Directive T 2011/95/EU, those of the national legislation, Art. 16a Basic Law. U 2. Outside EU legislation, the terms ‘asylum seeker’ or ‘asylum applicant’ are often used more frequent- V ly than ‘applicant for international protection’ in the everyday use of the term. W X

Y Z

37 asylum shopping

BG пазаруване на убежище Definition A CS spekulativní podávání žádostí o azyl In the context of the Dublin Regulation, the phe- DE Asyl-Shopping nomenon where a third-country national applies EL τo φαινόμενo της αναζήτησης του ευνοϊκότερου for international protection in more than one EU κράτους υποδοχής από τους αιτούντες άσυλο / Member State with or without having already received asylum shopping international protection in one of those EU Member ES compra de asilo States. ET soodsaima varjupaigariigi valimine FI turvapaikkashoppailu, edullisimman kohtelun Source tarjoavan maan etsintä Derived by EMN from Commission Staff Working Doc- FR no usual translation ument SEC/2008/2029 accompanying the European GA siopadóireacht tearmainn Commission Communication on the policy plan on HU no usual translation asylum, COM(2008) 360 final IT shopping delle richieste di asilo Broader term LT ieškojimas, kur geriau gauti prieglobstį ★★ LV izdevīgāko patvēruma noteikumu meklēšana secondary movement of migrants MT Sajda għall-ażil Related term NL asielshoppen ★★ Dublin Regulation PL asylum shopping / no usual translation PT asylum shopping Notes RO asylum shopping 1. The term 'asylum-shopping' has no legal definition, SK zneužívanie azylového systému / azylový but is used in an informal sense and also in Commis- turizmus sion Communications. It is often used with a nega- SL Azilni šoping / kupovanje azila tive connotation, as it implies an abuse of the asy- SV asylum shopping (ansökningar om asyl i flera lum procedure through the lodging of more than one länder samtidigt) / asylshopping application for international protection in different EU NO asylshopping Member States (choosing the EU Member State which may grant the most appealing social, humanitarian and economic standards). 2. A second meaning understands asylum shopping as a comparison and selection of one asylum rule among several (see European University Institute: the Development of the EU Asylum Policy: Revisiting the Venue-shopping Argument). 3. Commission Staff Working Document SEC/2008/2029 provides not only some examples of what 'asylum shopping' means but also an assessment of the impacts of the Dublin system (which comprises the Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) and Regulation (EU) No 603/2013 (Euro- dac Regulation) and their implementing regulations).

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

38 au pair A

BG детегледачка Definition B CS au pair A third-country national who is temporarily re- DE Au-pair ceived by a family in the territory of an EU Member C EL εσωτερικός άμισθος βοηθός / au pair State in exchange for light housework and taking care ES au pair of children in order to improve their linguistic skills D ET au pair lapsehoidja and knowledge of the host country. FI au pair E FR au pair Source GA au pair Art. 2(i) of Proposal for a Directive on the conditions F HU au pair of entry and residence of third-country nationals for IT persona collocata alla pari the purposes of research, studies, pupil exchange, G LT au pair auklė remunerated and unremunerated training, voluntary LV viesaukle service and au pairing, COM(2013) 151 final H MT au pair NL au pair I PL au pair PT au pair J RO lucrator au pair SK au pair / au-pair SL varuška K SV au pair NO au pair L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

39 Automated Border Control (ABC)

BG Автоматизиран граничен контрол Definition A CS Automatizovaná hraniční kontrola A system which allows for an automated border pas- DE automatische Grenzkontrolle sage by authenticating an electronic machine read- EL Αυτόματα συστήματα συνοριακού ελέγχου able travel document (e-MRTD), establishing that ES Control automatizado de fronteras the passenger is the rightful holder of the document, ET Automatiseeritud piirikontroll quering border control records and automatically FI Sähköinen / automatisoitu rajavalvonta determining eligibility for border crossing accord- FR contrôle ing to pre-defined rules and which is composed of a automatisé aux frontières self-service system and an e-gate. GA Rialú Uathoibrithe Teorann HU Automatizált Határellenőrzés Sources IT Controllo automatizzato delle frontiere Derived by EMN from Art. 1 of a Proposal for a Regu- LT Automatizuota pasienio kontrolė lation amending Regulation (EU) 2016/399 as regards LV automatizētā robežkontrole the use of the Entry/Exit System, COM (2016) 196 fi- MT Sistema Awtomatizzata għall-Identifikazzjoni nal tal-Marki tas-Swaba' and NL geautomatiseerde grenspassage (NL) / Frontex: Best Practice Operational Guidelines for Auto- grenscontrole (NL, BE) mated Border Control (ABC) Systems PL Automatyczna Kontrola Graniczna Synonyms PT Controlo Automático de Fronteiras ★★ ABC RO ★★ automated border control system SK automatizovaná hraničná kontrola ★★ ePassport SL Avtomatska mejna konrola ★★ eMRTD SV automatisk gränskontroll NO automatisert grensekontroll Broader term ★★ border control Narrower terms ★★ e-gate ★★ self-service system Notes 1. 'Self-service system' means an automated system which performs all or some of the border checks that are applicable to a person. 'E-gate' means an infra- structure operated by electronic means where the effective crossing of an external border takes place (Art. 1 of a Proposal for a Regulation amending Regulation (EU) 2016/399 as regards the use of the Entry/Exit System). 2. Many Schengen countries have installed ABC in their major airports, making traffic flow more effective. People who travel with an ePassport can pass through an ABC portal, where the passport is read. The traveller’s biometry is compared with the information contained in the passport, and if these correspond they may pass the border.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

40 Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) A

BG Автоматизирана система за идентификация Definition B на пръстови отпечатъци Biometric identification methodology that uses digital CS Automatizovaný systém identifikace podle imaging technology to obtain, store, and analyse fin- C otisků prstů gerprint data, and which is used within the Eurodac DE automatisiertes system for the automatic recognition and checking of D Fingerabdruckidentifizierungssystem fingerprints. EL Ηλεκτρονικό Σύστημα Αναγνώρισης Δακτυλικών E Αποτυπωμάτων Source ES Sistema automatizado de identificación de Tech Target website: Definition of Automated Finger- F huellas digitales print Identification System ET Automaatne sõrmejälgede tuvastamise G süsteem Synonym ★★ AFIS FI Sähköinen / automatisoitu sormenjälkien H tunnistusjärjestelmä Broader terms FR Système automatisé d'identification des ★★ Eurodac empreintes digitales I ★★ establishment of identity GA Uathchóras Aithinte ó Mhéarloirg: UCAM HU Automatizált Ujjnyomat-azonosító Rendszer Note J IT Sistema automatizzato di identificazione The Eurodac database which is based on AFIS does K delle impronte digitali not contain details such as the name of a person be- LT Automatinė pirštų atspaudų indentifikavimo cause it relies only on biometric comparison, the saf- sistema est and most accurate available identification method. L LV automatizētā pirkstu nospiedumu identifikācijas sistēma M MT Kontroll Awtomatizzat tal-Fruntieri NL Geautomatiseerde N vingerafdrukidentificatiesysteem PL Automatyczny System Identyfikacji O Daktyloskopijnej PT Sistema Automático de Identificação de P Impressões Digitais RO Q SK automatizovaný systém daktyloskopickej identifikácie R SL Avtomatski sistem za identifikacijo prstnih odtisov S SV datasystem för identifiering av fingeravtryck NO automatisert system for gjenkjennelse av T fingeravtrykk (b); automatisert system for attkjenning av fingeravtrykk (n) U V W X Y Z

41 Bali Process

BG Процесът Бали Definition B CS Balijský proces / Proces Bali An international forum dealing with smuggling of DE Bali-Prozess migrants and trafficking in human beings, partici- EL Διαδικασία του Μπαλί pated in by over 50 countries in the Asia-Pacific region ES Proceso de Bali and beyond. ET Bali protsess FI Balin prosessi Source FR Processus de Bali Website of the Bali Process GA Próiseas Bali Synonym HU Bali Folyamat IT Processo di Bali ★★ Bali Process on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Per- sons and Related Transnational Crime LT Balio procesas LV Bali process Related terms MT Proċess (Il-) ta’ Bali ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility NL Bali proces (GAMM) PL Proces Bali ★★ smuggling of migrants PT Processo de Bali ★★ trafficking in human beings RO Procesul Bali SK Balijský proces Notes SL Balijski proces 1. The Bali Process was established through a frame- SV Baliprocessen work agreement that was initiated at the Regional NO Bali-prosessen Ministerial Conference on People Smuggling, Traffick- ing in Persons and Related Transnational Crime’ held in Bali, Indonesia in February 2002. 2. It aims to facilitate discussion and information sharing about issues relating to people smuggling, human trafficking, and related transnational crime and appropriate responses to these issues. 3. For more information, see the website of the Bali Process.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

42 beneficiary of international protection A

BG лице, на което е предоставена Definition B международна закрила A person who has been granted refugee status or CS osoba požívající mezinárodní ochrany subsidiary protection status. C DE Person, der internationaler Schutz zuerkannt wurde Source D EL δικαιούχος διεθνούς προστασίας Art. 2(b) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification ES beneficiario de protección internacional Directive) E ET rahvusvahelise kaitse saaja Narrower terms FI kansainvälistä suojelua saava F FR bénéficiaire d’une protection internationale ★★ beneficiary of subsidiary protection ★★ Convention refugee GA tairbhí den chosaint idirnáisiúnta G HU nemzetközi védelemben részesülő személy Related terms IT beneficiario di protezione internazionale ★★ applicant for international protection H LT tarptautinės apsaugos gavėjas (EU acquis); ★★ person eligible for subsidiary protection prieglobstį gavęs asmuo I LV starptautiskās aizsardzības saņēmējs MT Benefiċjarju(-a) tal-protezzjoni internazzjonali NL persoon die internationale bescherming J geniet; begunstigde van internationale bescherming (BE) K PL beneficjent ochrony międzynarodowej PT beneficiário de protecção internacional L RO beneficiar al protectiei internationale SK osoba s postavením medzinárodnej ochrany M (EU acquis); osoba s udelenou medzinárodnou ochranou N SL upravičenec do mednarodne zaščite SV person som beviljats internationellt skydd O NO mottaker av internasjonal beskyttelse (asyl) (b); mottakar av internasjonalt vern (asyl) (n) P

Q R S T U V W X Y Z

43 beneficiary of subsidiary protection

BG бенефициер на субсидиарна закрила Definition B CS osoba požívající doplňkové ochrany A person who has been granted subsidiary protec- DE Person, der subsidiärer Schutz zuerkannt tion status. wurde EL δικαιούχος επικουρικής προστασιας Source ES Beneficiario de protección subsidiaria Derived by EMN from the definition of 'beneficiary ET täiendava kaitse saaja of international protection' in Art. 2(b) of Directive FI toissijaista suojelua saava henkilö 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) FR bénéficiaire de la protection subsidiaire GA tairbhí cosanta coimhdí Broader term HU oltalmazott ★★ beneficiary of international protection IT Beneficiario di protezione sussidiaria Related terms LT papildomos apsaugos gavėjas ★★ Convention refugee LV alternatīvās aizsardzības saņēmējs ★★ person eligible for subsidiary protection MT benefiċjarju ta' protezzjoni sussidjarja NL persoon die subsidiaire bescherming geniet; begunstigde van subsidiaire bescherming (BE) PL beneficjent ochrony uzupelniającej PT beneficiário de proteção subsidiária RO SK osoba s poskytnutou doplnkovou ochranou SL upravičenec do subsidiarne zaščite SV alternativt skyddsbehövande NO mottaker av beskyttelse på alternativt grunnlag (b); mottakar av vern på alternativt grunnlag (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

44 best interests of the child (BIC) A

BG Най-добрият интерес на детето Broader term B CS nejlepší zájmy dítěte ★★ child DE Wohl des Kindes / Kindeswohl C EL υπέρτερο συμφέρον του παιδιού Narrower terms ES Interés superior del menor ★★ best interests of the child assessment (BIA) D ET lapse parimad huvid ★★ best interests of the child determination (BID) FI lapsen etu Related term E FR intérêt supérieur de l’enfant ★★ United Nations Convention on the Rights of GA Leas an linbh the Child (UNCRC) F HU gyermek mindenek felett álló érdeke IT superiore interesse del minore Notes G LT geriausi vaiko interesai 1. The principle of the best interests of the child is one LV bērna (labākās) intereses of the four overarching guiding principles on children’s H MT l-aħjar interessi tat-tfal rights (right to non-discrimination, best interests, the NL het belang van het kind (NL); het hoger belang right to life, survival and development, and the right to I van het kind (BE) participation or right to express views and have them PL taken into account). It is anchored in Art. 3(1) of the J PT superior interesse da criança Convention on the Rights of the Child and in Art. 24(2) RO of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the Eu- K SK najlepší záujem dieťaťa ropean Union. Both instruments give children the SL otrokove najboljše koristi right to have their best interests taken into account as L SV barnets bästa a primary consideration in all actions or decisions that NO grunnlagsdokument concern or affect children. The holistic development of the child refers to the M Definition 2. well-being of a child in a broad sense which includes A threefold concept which includes a substantive right, their basic material, physical, educational and emo- N a fundamental and interpretative legal principle and tional needs as well as needs for affection and safety. a rule of procedure that is aimed at ensuring the full 3. The principle applies to all children without discrim- O and effective enjoyment of all the rights recognised ination, to children not only as individuals, but also in in the United Nations Convention of the Rights general or as a group. P of the Child (UNCRC) and of which the primary con- 4. The best interests of the child assessment (BIA) is sideration is to ensure the holistic development of the an ongoing procedure to be undertaken in each indi- Q . child vidual case where decisions are to be made affecting Sources an individual child, in the light of the specific circum- R Derived by EMN from stances of each child or group of children or children Art. 3(1) of the Convention of the Rights of the Child in general, and should evaluate and balance all ele- S and ments necessary to make a decision. For further infor- UN General Comment No 14 on the right of the child mation see, EASO: Practical Guide on Family Tracing, T to have their best interests taken as a primary consid- 2016, p. 52-53. UNHCR: Safe and Sound, 2014. eration, 2013 5. The best interests of the child determination (BID) U and describes a formal process with strict procedural safe- UNHCR: Guidelines on Determining the best interest of guards designed to determine the child’s best inter- V the child, 2008 ests for particularly important decisions affecting the child. It should facilitate adequate child participation Synonyms without discrimination and involve decision-makers W ★★ best interest of the child with relevant areas of expertise. For further informa- ★★ BIC tion see UNHCR: Guidelines on Determining the best X ★★ principle of the best interest(s) of the child interest of the child, 2008. 6. In the national context, the term is often used in the Y singular form. 7. In the national context, the term is often used in the Z singular form.

45 biometric data BG биометрични данни Definition B CS biometrické údaje Data relating to the physical, physiological or behav- DE biometrische Daten ioural characteristics of an individual which allow their EL βιομετρικά δεδομένα unique identification, such as facial images or dacty- ES datos biométricos loscopic data. ET biomeetrilised andmed FI biometriset tiedot Source FR données biométriques Art. 3(11) of Proposal for a Directive on the protection GA sonraí bithmhéadracha of individuals with regard to the processing of person- HU biometrikus adat al data by competent authorities for the purposes of IT dati biometrici prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of LT biometriniai duomenys criminal offences or the execution o LV biometriskie dati Synonym MT Data / Dejta bijometrika ★★ biometrics NL biometrische gegevens PL dane biometryczne PT dados biométricos RO date biometrice SK biometrický údaj SL biometrični podatki SV biometriska data NO biometriske data

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

46 Black Sea Synergy A

BG Черноморско сътрудничество Definition B CS Černomořská synergie An institutionalised forum for EU cooperation encour- DE Schwarzmeersynergie aging cooperation between the EU and the countries C EL Συνέργεια του Ευξείνου Πόντου surrounding the Black Sea and for tackling common ES Sinergia del mar Negro problems while encouraging political and economic D ET Musta mere sünergia (koostöö) reform. FI Mustanmeren synergia E FR Synergie de la mer Noire Source GA Sineirge na Mara Duibhe Website of the Black Sea Synergy F HU Fekete-tengeri szinergia Broader term IT Sinergia del Mar Nero G LT Juodosios jūros sinergija ★★ European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) LV Melnās jūras reģiona sinerģija Related terms H MT Sinerġija tal-Baħar l-Iswed ★★ Eastern Partnership (EAP) NL Black Sea Synergy (no usual translation) ★★ Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EUROMED) I PL Synergia Czarnomorska PT Sinergia do Mar Negro Notes J RO Sinergia Marii Negre 1. The Black Sea Synergy is part of the European SK Čiernomorská synergia Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) of the EU and is in- K SL Črnomorska Sinergija tended as a flexible framework complementing ex- SV Svartahavssynergin isting EU policy, seeking to tackle the significant op- L NO Svartehavssynergien portunities and challenges in the Black Sea area that require coordinated action at the regional level in the M sectors such as energy, transport, environment, migration and security. In the field of migration and security enhanced cooperation at border security in- N creases the security at regional level and helps to fight organised cross-border crime such as trafficking in O human beings, and to prevent irregular migration. 2. A conference between EU and Black Sea Foreign P Affairs Ministers in Kiev (Ukraine) in 2008 initiated the synergy. Q 3. For more information, see: Black Sea Synergy – A new regional cooperation initi- R ative, COM(2007) 160 final, 11 April 2007. S

T U V W X Y Z

47 border area

BG гранична зона Definition B CS pohraniční oblast An area that extends no more than 30 kilometres DE Grenzgebiet / Grenzregion from the border. EL παραμεθόρια περιοχή / συνοριακή περιοχή ES zona fronteriza Source ET piiriala Art. 3(2) of Regulation (EC) No 1931/2006 (Local Bor- FI raja-alue der Traffic Regulation) FR zone frontalière GA limistéar teorann Related terms HU határmenti terület ★★ border resident IT zona di frontiera ★★ local border traffic LT pasienio teritorija Note LV pierobeža MT Żona ta’ mal-konfini Subsequent to Art. 3(2) of Regulation (EC) NL grensgebied No 1931/2006 (Local Border Traffic Regulation) an EU Member State may specify the local adminis- PL strefa przygraniczna trative districts that are to be considered part of ‘the PT zona fronteiriça border area’ in a bilateral agreements with its neigh- RO zonă de frontieră bouring third country(s). If part of any such district SK pohraničná oblasť (EU acquis); prihraničné lies between 30 and 50 kilometres from the border územie line, it shall nevertheless be considered as part of the SL obmejno območje border area. SV gränsområde NO grenseområde

border control

BG граничен контрол Definition CS pohraniční kontrola The activity carried out at a border, in accordance with DE Grenzkontrolle and for the purposes of Regulation (EU) 2016/399 EL συνοριακός έλεγχος / έλεγχος των συνόρων (Schengen Borders Code), in response exclusively to ES control fronterizo an intention to cross or the act of crossing that border, ET piirikontroll regardless of any other consideration, consisting of FI rajavalvonta border checks and border surveillance. FR contrôle aux frontières GA rialú teorann Source HU határellenőrzés Art. 2(9) of Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen Bor- IT controllo di frontiera ders Code) LT sienų kontrolė (EU acquis); pasienio kontrolė Related terms LV robežkontrole ★★ MT Kontroll mal-konfini / mal-fruntiera European Border Surveillance System (EURO- SUR) NL grenstoezicht / grensbewaking / grenscontrole ★★ external EU border PL kontrola graniczna ★★ internal EU border PT controlo de fronteira ★★ irregular entry RO control de frontieră ★★ legal entry SK kontrola hraníc ★★ refusal of entry SL nadzor meje ★★ Schengen Borders Code SV gränskontroll NO grensekontroll

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

48 border crossing A

BG пресичане на границата Definition B CS překročení hranice The physical act of crossing a border either at a bor- DE Grenzübertritt der crossing point or another point along the border. C EL διέλευση των συνόρων ES cruce de frontera Source D ET piiriületus Developed by EMN FI rajanylitys E FR franchissement de la frontière Narrower term GA trasnú teorann ★★ border crossing point F HU határátlépés IT attraversamento della frontiera G LT sienos kirtimas LV robežšķērsošana H MT Qsim tal-konfini / tal-fruntiera NL grensoverschrijding I PL przekraczanie granicy PT passagem de fronteira J RO trecerea frontierei SK prekročenie hranice / prekročenie štátnej hranice K SL prečkanje meje SV gränspassage L NO grensepassering M N border crossing point O BG гранично-пропускателен пункт Definition CS hraniční přechod Any crossing point authorised by the competent au- P DE Grenzübergang / Grenzübergangsstelle thorities for the crossing of external EU borders. EL σημείο συνοριακής διέλευσης Q ES paso fronterizo Source ET piiriületuspunkt Art. 2(8) of Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen Bor- R FI rajanylityspaikka ders Code) FR point de passage frontalier GA pointe trasnaithe teorann Broader term S HU határátkelőhely ★★ border crossing IT valico di frontiera T LT sienos perėjimo punktas LV robežšķērsošanas vieta U MT Il-Punt / Il-Post ta' qsim il-fruntiera/ il-konfini NL grensovergang / grensdoorlaatpost / grenspost V PL przejście graniczne PT ponto de passagem fronteiriço W RO punct de trecere a frontierei SK hraničný priechod X SL mejni prehod SV gränsövergångsställe Y NO grensepasseringssted (b); grensepasseringsstad (n) Z

49 border resident

BG граничен жител Definition B CS obyvatel pohraniční oblasti In the EU migration context, a third–country nation- DE Grenzbewohner al who has been lawfully resident in the border area EL κάτοικος της μεθορίου περιοχής of a country neighbouring an EU Member State for a ES residente fronterizo period specified in a bilateral agreement between an ET piiriala elanik EU Member State(s) and neighbouring third country, FI raja-alueen asukas which shall be at least one year. FR frontalier (acquis UE, BE) ; résident frontalier (FR, LU) Source GA cónaitheoir teorann Art. 3(6) of Council Regulation (EC) No 1931/2006 HU határ menti lakos (Local Border Traffic Regulation) IT residente frontaliero Related terms LT pasienio gyventojas ★★ LV pierobežas iedzīvotājs border area ★★ MT Resident(a) ta’ mal-konfini / mal-fruntiera frontier worker ★★ local border traffic NL grensbewoner PL mieszkaniec strefy przygranicznej PT residente fronteiriço RO locuitor din zona de frontieră SK obyvateľ pohraničnej oblasti SL obmejni prebivalec SV gränsboende NO grenseboer (b); grensebuar (n)

brain circulation

BG движение на мозъци Definition CS cirkulace mozků The possibility for developing countries to draw on the DE Brain Circulation skills, know-how and other forms of experience gained EL κυκλοφορία εγκεφάλων by their migrants - whether they have returned to ES circulación de cerebros their country of origin or not - and members of their ET oskustööjõu ringlus diaspora. FI aivokierto FR circulation des cerveaux Source GA cúrsaíocht daoine oilte Annex 5 of the European Commission Communication HU there is no widely accepted term: on Migration and Development, COM(2005) 390 final „agykörforgás” is used in some documents Related terms IT circolazione di cervelli LT protų apykaita ★★ brain drain ★★ LV kvalificēta darbaspēka aprite brain gain ★★ MT Ċirkolazzjoni ta’ mħuħ / ta’ nies bi kwalifiki brain waste ★★ għoljin circular migration NL mobiliteit van hoogopgeleide personen / brain circulation PL cyrkulacja mózgów PT circulação de cérebros RO circulaţia creierelor SK cirkulácia mozgov SL kroženje možganov SV kunskapsspridning NO kunnskapsmobilitet / kunnskapssirkulasjon ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

50 brain drain A BG изтичане на мозъци Definition B CS odliv mozků The loss suffered by a country as a result of theemi - DE Brain Drain gration of a (highly) qualified person. C EL διαρροή εγκεφάλων ES fuga de cerebros Source D ET oskustööjõu äravool ILO Thesaurus, 6th ed., 2008 FI aivovuoto / aivovienti E FR fuite des cerveaux Related terms GA imirce daoine oilte ★★ brain gain F HU agyelszívás / brain drain ★★ brain waste ★★ brain circulation IT fuga di cervelli G LT protų nutekėjimas ★★ circular migration LV kvalificēta darbaspēka aizplūšana H MT Telf/Tnixxija ta’ mħuħ / ta’ nies bi kwalifiki għoljin I NL brain drain PL drenaż mózgów PT fuga de cérebros J RO exodul creierelor / brain drain SK únik mozgov (EU acquis); odliv mozgov K SL beg možganov SV kompetensflykt L NO kunnskapsflukt / ekspertflukt M

brain gain N O BG привличане на мозъци Definition CS příliv mozků The benefit to a country as a result of theimmigra - P DE Brain Gain tion of a highly qualified person. EL κέρδος εγκεφάλων / προσέλκυση εγκεφάλων ES captación de cerebros Source Q ET oskustööjõu sissevool Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘brain drain’ in FI aivotuonti the EMN Glossary R FR afflux de cerveaux Synonym GA inimirce daoine oilte S HU agyvisszaszívás / tudásnyerés / brain gain ★★ reverse brain drain IT acquisizione di cervelli Related terms T LT protų pritraukimas ★★ brain drain LV kvalificēta darbaspēka pieplūdums ★★ brain waste U MT Akkwist/Ksib ta’ mħuħ / ta’ nies bi kwalifiki ★★ brain circulation għoljin ★★ circular migration V NL brain gain PL no usual translation Note W PT captação de cérebros This can apply to, for example, an EU Member State RO atragerea creierelor / brain gain receiving a highly qualified migrant, as well X SK získavanie mozgov as a third-country national returning to their coun- SL pridobitev možganov try of origin. Y SV kompetensinflöde NO kunnskapsgevinst Z

51 brain waste

BG разхищение на мозъци Definition B CS plýtvání mozky The non-recognition of the skills (and qualifications) DE Brain Waste acquired by a migrant outside of the EU, which pre- EL κατασπατάληση εγκεφάλων / σπατάλη vents them from fully using their potential. εγκεφάλων ES subempleo Source ET oskustööjõu alarakendatus Derived by EMN from Footnote 28 of the European FI aivotuhlaus Commission Communication on Migration and Devel- FR gaspillage des cerveaux opment, COM(2005) 390 final GA cur amú éirime Related terms HU képességek elpazarlása IT spreco di cervelli ★★ brain drain LT protų švaistymas ★★ brain gain ★★ LV intelektuālā potenciāla izšķērdēšana brain circulation MT Ħela ta’ mħuħ / ta’ nies bi kwalifiki għoljin NL brain waste PL marnotrawstwo mózgów PT desperdício de competências RO brain waste SK plytvanie mozgami (EU acquis); mrhanie mozgami SL izguba možganov SV kompetensslöseri NO kunnskapssløsing

breeder documents

BG Документи за легитимация/самоличност Definition CS matriční doklady Documents used to support applications for identity, DE Ausgangsdokumente (EU-acquis); no usual residence and travel documents, such as birth, mar- translation in DE riage and death certificates. EL έγγραφα βάσης ES Documentos primarios (documento de Source filiación) Footnote 7 of European Commission Communication ET alusdokumendid 'Action plan to strengthen the European response to FI lähdeasiakirjat travel document fraud', COM(2016) 790 final FR documents sources GA Doiciméid phórúcháin Note HU anyakönyvi dokumentumok The term can be used in different contexts, most com- IT documenti originatori monly it is used in the context of fraud, such as in the LT pirminiai dokumentai Communication of the Commission, COM(2016) 790 LV izcelsmes dokumenti final which presents an action plan to tackle the phe- MT dokumenti oriġinaturi nomenon of travel document fraud. NL onderliggende documenten PL PT documentos a montante RO SK východiskové doklady (EU acquis); zdrojové doklady SL dokumenti o izvoru SV stödjande ID-dokumentation / bakomliggande

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION dokument NO Transportørs ansvar 52

Budapest Process A

BG Будапещенски процес Definition B CS Budapešťský proces A consultative forum of more than 50 governments DE Budapest-Prozess from the wider European region and ten international C EL Διαδικασία της Βουδαπέστης organisations, which aims to promote good govern- ES Proceso de Budapest ance in the field ofmigration , to develop compre- D ET Budapesti protsess hensive and sustainable systems for orderly migration FI Budapestin prosessi and to exchange information and best practices on a E FR Processus de Budapest wide range of migration issues (legal migration, ir- GA Próiseas Bhúdaipeist regular migration, asylum, visa, border manage- F HU Budapest Folyamat ment, trafficking in human beings and smuggling IT Processo di Budapest of migrants, readmission and return). G LT Budapešto procesas Sources LV Budapeštas process H MT Proċess (Il-) ta’ Budapest Derived by the EMN from the page describing Buda- pest Process of the Website of ICMPD and NL Boedapest proces I PL Proces Budapeszteński the website of the Budapest Process PT Processo de Budapeste Related term J RO Procesul Budapesta ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility SK Budapeštiansky proces (GAMM) SL Budimpeštanski proces K SV Budapestprocessen Notes NO Budapest-prosessen L 1. The Budapest Process was initiated by DE in 1991. 2. Through this dialogue, the Process promotes a har- M monised approach in dealing with irregular migration challenges and support for the transfer and common N understanding of migration concepts and policies. 3. For more information see the website of the Buda- O pest Process. P

Q R S T U V W X Y Z

53 burden of proof

BG тежест на доказване Definitions B CS důkazní břemeno In the global context, a party’s duty to prove a disput- DE Beweislast ed assertion or charge. EL βάρος της αποδείξεως ES carga de la prueba In the migration context, the duty of a non-national ET tõendamiskohustus seeking entry into a foreign State to prove that they FI todistustaakka are entitled to enter and not inadmissible under the FR charge de la preuve laws of that State. GA dualgas cruthúnais HU bizonyítási teher In the context of refugee status determination proce- IT onere della prova dures, the duty of the applicant to establish their case, LT įrodinėjimo pareiga to produce evidence that they have a well-founded LV pierādīšanas pienākums fear of persecution. MT Piż (Il-) tal-prova / Obbligu (L-) li jinġiebu l-provi Source NL bewijslast Derived by EMN from the IOM Glossary on Migration, PL ciężar dowodu 2nd ed., 2011 PT ónus da prova Notes RO sarcina dovezii SK dôkazné bremeno 1. In refugee status determination procedures, it is SL dokazno breme the applicant who has the burden of establishing the SV bevisbörda veracity of their allegations and the accuracy of the NO bevisbyrde facts on which the refugee claim is based. The burden of proof is discharged by the applicant rendering a truthful account of facts relevant to the claim so that, based on the facts, a proper decision may be reached. 2. For further information see UNHCR: Note on Burden and Standard of Proof in Refugee Claims, 16 Decem- ber 1998.

carrier CBG превозвач Definition CS dopravce In relation to conveyance (or transport), the owner or DE Transportunternehmer charterer of the conveyance. EL μεταφορέας ES operador de transporte Source ET vedaja IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd. ed., 2011 FI liikenteenharjoittaja FR transporteur Notes GA iompróir 1. A carrier usually refers to an airline, bus or rail com- HU fuvarozó pany, or cruise line. Under the laws of some States, IT vettore the term includes any owner of a means of convey- LT vežėjas ance, which carries a person onto its territory. LV pārvadātājs 2. The definition given in Art. 2(a) of Council Directive MT Operatur tat-trasport 2004/82/EC (API Directive) is more restrictive in that NL vervoerder it refers explicitly to passenger transport by air and PL przewoźnik there is uncertainty as to what ‘any natural or legal PT transportador person’ actually refers to, e.g. if this is the owner RO transportator of the company only. SK dopravca

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION SL prevoznik SV transportör NO transportør 54

carriers’ liability A

BG Отговорност на превозвачите Definition B CS odpovědnost dopravce In the migration context, obligation of carriers to re- DE Haftung von Beförderungsunternehmen turn third-country nationals who are not in posses- C EL ευθύνης του µεταφορέα sion of the necessary travel documents to enter the ES responsabilidad de los transportistas EU Member State/Schengen state of arrival. D ET veoettevõtjate vastutus FI liikenteenharjoittajien velvollisuudet Sources E FR responsabilité des transporteurs Art.26 (1a) of the Schengen Convention GA Dliteanas iompróirí and F HU fuvarozók felelőssége Directive 2001/51/EC (Carriers Liability Directive) IT obbligo del vettore and G LT vežėjo atsakomybė Art. 2 of Council Directive LV pārvadātāja pienākums 2004/82/EC (Directive on the obligation of carriers to H MT responsabbiltà tat-trasportaturi communicate passenger data) NL vervoerdersaansprakelijkheid Related term I PL ★★ carriers' sanction PT responsabilidade dos transportadores J RO Notes SK zodpovednosť dopravcov a prepravcov 1. Carriers which are unable to effect thereturn of SL odgovornost prevoznika K a third-country national whose entry is refused are SV transportörsansvar liable to find means of onward transportation imme- NO transportørs ansvar L diately and to bear the cost thereof, or, if immediate onward transportation is not possible, they are liable M for the costs of the stay and return of the third-country nationals towards a non-Schengen state. N 2. While IE and UK are not part of the Schengen area, they have expressed a wish to participate in certain O aspects of the Schengen acquis, including Art. 26 of the Schengen Convention, IE via Council Decision 2002/192/EC, and UK via Council Decision 2002/365/ P EC. Q R S T U V W X Y Z

55 case worker in procedures for international protection

BG интервюист Definition C CS rozhodčí v řízení o udělení mezinárodní Personnel of the determining authority responsi- ochrany ble for examining and assessing an application for DE Sachbearbeiter in Verfahren für international protection and competent to take a internationalen Schutz; Referent in Verfahren decision at first instance in such a case. für internationalen Schutz (AT) EL χειριστής υποθέσεων διεθνούς προστασίας Source ES trabajador social en procedimientos de Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘decision maker’ protección internacional in UNHCR: Beyond Proof – Credibility Assessment in ET Rahvusvahelise kaitse taotluse menetleja EU Asylum Systems, 2013 FI päätöksen tekijä / hakemuksen käsittelijä kansainvälisen suojelun menettelyssä Synonyms FR agent responsable du traitement d’une ★★ asylum case worker demande de protection internationale ★★ case worker GA cásoibrí nósanna imeachta um chosaint ★★ decision-maker idirnáisiúnta ★★ asylum determination officer HU menekültügyi eljárás során eljáró ügyintézők ★★ case officer IT operatore impegnato nella procedura di Related term protezione internazionale ★★ determining authority LT prašymą nagrinėti ir sprendimą dėl prieglobsčio suteikimo priimti įgaliotas Note valstybės tarnautojas This term specifically refers to persons examining and LV ierēdnis, kurš izskata starptautiskās assessing applications for international protec- aizsardzības pieteikumus tion. There are other types of case workers i.e. for MT Operatur(-triċi) soċjali fi proċeduri għall- processing visa applications, which are not explicitely protezzjoni internazzjonali mentioned in the glossary with an extra term. NL hoor- en beslisambtenaar in asielzaken (NL); protection officer (BE) PL pracownik / urzędnik prowadzący postępowanie w sprawach z zakresu ochrony międzynardowej PT instrutor do procedimento de proteção internacional RO ofiter de decizie SK rozhodovač v konaniach o udelenie medzinárodnej ochrany / rozhodovač v konaniach o udelenie azylu SL pristojna uradna oseba v postopku za mednarodno zaščito SV handläggare av ansökningar om internationellt skydd NO saksbehandler for søknad om internasjonal beskyttelse (asyl) (b); sakshandsamar for søknad om internasjonalt vern (asyl) (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

56 Centre for Information, Discussion and Exchange on the Crossing of Frontiers and Immigration (CIREFI) A BG Център за информация, дискусии и обмен SK Centrum pre informácie, diskusiu a B оносно преминаването на границите и výmenu v oblasti prekračovania hraníc a имиграцията prisťahovalectva C CS Centrum pro informace, diskusi a výměnu SL Center za podatke, razprave in izmenjave názorů k překračování hranic a imigraci glede prečkanja meje in priseljevanja D DE Informations-, Reflexions- und NO Senter for informasjon, diskusjon og Austauschzentrum für Fragen im utveksling om grensepassering og innvandring E Zusammenhang mit dem Überschreiten der Außengrenzen und der Einwanderung Definition EL Κέντρο Πληροφόρησης, Μελετών και A body assisting the EU Member States in effectively F Ανταλλαγών στον τομέα της διέλευσης των studying legal migration so as to prevent irregular συνόρων και της μετανάστευσης migration and unlawful residence, in effectively com- G ES Centro de información, reflexión e intercambio bating immigration crime, in better detecting forged en materia de cruce de fronteras e documents and in improving expulsion practice. H inmigración Source ET piiriületuse- ja sisserändealase teabe, I Council Conclusions of 30 November 1994 on Cirefi analüüsi ja infovahetuse keskus FI Rajanylitys-ja maahanmuuttoasioiden Synonym J tiedotus-, tarkastelu- ja tietojenvaihtokeskus ★★ CIREFI FR Centre d’information, de réflexion et K d’échanges en matière de franchissement des Related term frontières et d’immigration ★★ European Border and Coast Guard Agency L GA an Lárionad um Fhaisnéis, Plé agus Malartú i (Frontex) dtaca le Trasnú Imeallchríche agus Inimirce M HU Külső Határok Átlépésével és Bevándorlással Notes foglalkozó Információ-,Vita-, és 1. CIREFI started its work on 1 January 1995 based N Véleménycsere Központ on the Council conclusions of 30 November 1994. IT Centro di Informazione, di Riflessione e di 2. In December 2009, as a consequence of the en- O Scambi in materia di Attraversamento delle try into force of the Lisbon Treaty, COREPER decided Frontiere e di Immigrazione to abolish CIREFI and to transfer its functions to the P LT Informacijos, diskusijų ir keitimosi duomenimis European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Fron- . sienų kirtimo ir imigracijos klausimais centras tex) Q LV Robežšķērsošanas un imigrācijas jautājumu informācijas, apspriežu un informācijas apmaiņas centrs R MT Ċentru (Iċ-) ta’ Informazzjoni, Diskussjoni u Skambji dwar il-Qsim ta’ Fruntieri u S l-Immigrazzjoni NL Centrum voor informatie, beraad T en gegevensuitwisseling inzake grensoverschrijding en immigratie U PL Centrum Wymiany Informacji nt. Przekraczania Granic i Imigracji V PT Centro de Informação, Reflexão e Intercâmbio em matéria de Passagem das Fronteiras e W Imigração RO Centrul de informare, reflecţie şi schimb de X informaţii cu privire la trecerea frontierei şi imigraţie Y

57 chain migration

BG верижна миграция Definition C CS řetězová migrace The practice where those who have settled on a fam- DE Kettenmigration ily reunification basis can themselves sponsor fur- EL μεταναστευτική αλυσίδα ther family members, consistent with European ES cadena migratoria Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) obligations. ET ahelränne FI ketjumaahanmuutto Sources FR migration en chaîne EMN: Family Reunification of Third-Country Nationals GA imirce shlabhrúil in the EU plus Norway: National Practices, 2016 and HU lánc-migráció EMN: Family Reunification Study, 2008 IT catena migratoria Related terms LT grandininė migracija ★★ LV ķēdes migrācija family formation ★★ MT Katina ta’ migrazzjoni family migration ★★ family reunification NL kettingmigratie ★★ right to family life PL migracja łańcuchowa ★★ right to family unity PT migração em cadeia RO migratie in lant Notes SK reťazová migrácia 1. Originally chain migration refers to a process SL verižna migracija in which initial movements of migrants lead to fur- SV kedjemigration ther movements from the same area to the same NO kjedemigrasjon area. In a chain migration system, individual members of a community migrate and then encourage or assist further movements of migration (see Bundesz- entrale für politische Bildung (BpB): Migration, Citizenship, Education Glossary of Terms). 2. Chain migration may also be based on ethnic or family ties with members of the same family migrating at different times, usually with primary wage earners migrating first, followed by secondary or non- wage earners. In countries with more or less liberal regulations on the rights of migrants to family reunification usually in accordance with international conventions, family reunification as an incidence of chain migration explains much of the growth in the total migrant population.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

58 change of status A

BG Промяна на статута Definition B CS změna statusu nebo pobytového oprávnění A change in the legal status, due to a change in the DE Änderung des Rechtsstatus purpose of stay, of a third-country national present C EL αλλαγή καθεστώτος in EU and/or EFTA Member States, which takes place ES Cambio de status without requiring the individual to leave the State or D ET õigusliku staatuse muutmine return to their country of origin. FI oleskelulupastatuksen muutos E FR changement Source de statut Derived by EMN on the basis of the EMN Focussed F GA athrú stádais Study: Changes in immigration status and purpose of HU státuszváltozás / státuszváltás stay: an overview of EU Member States’ approaches, G IT Cambiamento di status 2015. LT statuso keitimas Note H LV statusa maiņa The EMN Focussed Study on 'Changes in immigration MT bdil ta' stat I NL wijziging van verblijfsstatus status and purpose of stay' (2015) considered chang- PL zmiana statusu pobytowego es from legal migration status (student, researcher, PT alteração de estatuto employee, family member), from asylum seeker J RO status and from national statuses linked to protec- SK zmena statusu tion (e.g. tolerated stay). It did not consider changes K SL sprememba statusa of status resulting from regularisations. SV statusbyte L NO endring av oppholdsgrunnlag (b); endring av opphaldsgrunnlag (n) M N

O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

59 Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

BG Харта на основните права на Европейския Definition C съюз The formal EU document which combines and declares CS Listina základních práv Evropské unie all the values and fundamental rights of individuals DE Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen (economic and social as well as civil and political) to Union which EU Member States are obliged. EL Χάρτης των Θεμελιωδών Δικαιωμάτων της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης Source ES Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Derived by EMN from the European Charter of Funda- Unión Europea mental Rights ET Euroopa Liidu põhiõiguste harta FI Euroopan unionin perusoikeuskirja Synonyms FR Charte des droits fondamentaux de l’Union ★★ EU Charter of Fundamental Rights européenne ★★ EU Fundamental Rights Charter GA Cairt um Chearta Bunúsacha an Aontais ★★ European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights Eorpaigh Related terms HU Az Európai Unió Alapjogi Chartája ★★ European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) IT Carta dei Diritti Fondamentali dell’Unione ★★ European Union Agency for Fundamental Europea Rights (FRA) LT ES pagrindinių teisių chartija ★★ human rights LV Eiropas Savienības Pamattiesību harta MT Karta tad-Drittijiet Fundamentali tal-Unjoni Notes Ewropea 1. The Charter was proclaimed in December 2000 and NL Handvest van de grondrechten van de became binding in December 2009 when the Lisbon Europese Unie Treaty came into force. PL Karta Praw Podstawowych Unii Europejskiej 2. The Charter does not establish new rights, but PT Carta Europeia dos Direitos Fundamentais assembles existing rights that were previously scat- RO Carta Drepturilor Fundamentale a Uniunii tered over a range of international sources and thus Europene makes them more visible. The Charter reaffirms, with SK Charta základných práv Európskej únie due regard for the powers and tasks of the Union and SL Listina Evropske Unije o temeljnih pravicah for the principle of subsidiarity, the rights as they re- SV Europeiska unionens stadga om de sult, in particular, from the constitutional traditions grundläggande rättigheterna and international obligations common to the Member NO Den europeiske unions pakt om States, the European Convention on Human Rights grunnleggende rettigheter (b); pakta til Den (ECHR), the Social Charters adopted by the Union and europeiske unionen om grunnleggjande rettar by the Council of Europe and the case-law of the Court (n) of Justice of the European Union and of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). 3. For more information, see the Charter of Funda- mental Rights of the European Union.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

60 child A

BG дете Definition B CS dítě Every human being below the age of 18 years, unless DE Kind under the law applicable to the child, majority is at- C EL παιδί tained earlier or later. ES población infantil D ET laps Source FI lapsi Art. 1 of UN Convention on the Rights of the Child E FR enfant Narrower term GA leanbh F HU gyermek ★★ child labour IT bambino - bambina / minore Related terms G LT vaikas ★★ adult LV bērns ★★ age assessment H MT Tifel (Tifla) / Wild ★★ minor NL kind I PL dziecko Notes PT criança 1. There is still no concrete, consistent definition J RO copil of ‘child’ under EU law. The Lisbon Treaty introduced SK dieťa an objective for the EU to promote children’s rights. SL otrok Moreover the Charter of Fundamental Rights K SV barn of the European Union guarantees the protection NO barn of children’s rights by EU institutions, as well as by L EU countries when they implement EU law. For further information, see the webpage of DG Justice on the M Rights of the Child and Fundamental Rights Agency: Developing indicators for the protection, respect and N promotion of the rights of the child in the European Union, March 2009 O 2. The term should be used to describe the relationship with other family members. When referring P to an individual and in a more legal context, the term minor should be used. Q

R S T U V W X Y Z

61 child labour

BG детски труд Definition C CS dětská práce Any work performed by a child which deprives them DE Kinderarbeit of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and EL παιδική εργασία that is harmful to their physical and mental develop- ES trabajo infantil ment. ET lapstööjõu kasutamine FI lapsityö Source FR travail des enfants Webpage of the ILO International Programme on the GA fostú leanaí Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) HU gyerekmunka Broader term IT lavoro infantile LT vaikų darbas ★★ child LV bērnu darbs Related term MT Tħaddim ta’ tfal / ta’ minorenni / Sfruttament ★★ forced labour ta’ xogħol it-tfal NL kinderarbeid Notes PL praca dzieci 1. The definition does allow for a child to work (e.g. PT trabalho infantil in a shop outside school hours) as long as it does not RO munca pentru copii conflict with the above. It refers to work that is men- SK detská práca tally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and SL delo otrok harmful to children and interferes with their schooling SV barnarbete by: NO barnearbeid - depriving them of the opportunity to attend school; - obliging them to leave school prematurely; or - requiring them to combine school attendance with excessively long and heavy work. 2. The ILO Convention No 138 specifies 15 years as the age above which, in normal circumstances, a person may participate in economic activity. Accord- ing to Art. 32 of the Charter of Fundamentals Rights of the European Union, the employment of children is prohibited. The minimum age of admission to employment may not be lower than the minimum school-leaving age, without prejudice to such rules as may be more favourable to young people and except for limited derogations. 3. Not all work done by children should be classified as child labour that is to be targeted for elimination. The ILO distinguishes between ‘child work’ and ‘child labour’, the latter being used to describe the more pe- jorative part of ‘child work’, whereas ‘child work’ in itself could include doing light household chores and, as long as it does not affect their health and personal development or interfere with their schooling, can actually have some learning value.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

62 circular migration A

BG циркулярна миграция Notes B CS cirkulární migrace The two main forms of circular migration which DE zirkuläre Migration 1. could be most relevant in the EU context are: C EL κυκλική μετανάστευση - Circular migration of third-country nationals set- ES migración circular tled in the EU D ET korduvränne 2. This category of circular migration gives people the FI kiertomuutto opportunity to engage in an activity (business, profes- E FR migration circulaire sional, voluntary or other) in their country of origin GA imirce chiorclach while retaining their main residence in one of the EU F HU körkörös migráció Member States. This covers various groups, e.g.: IT migrazione circolare - business persons working in the EU and wishing G LT apykaitinė migracija to start an activity in their country of origin (or in an- LV cirkulārā migrācija other third country); and H MT Migrazzjoni ċirkolari - doctors, professors or other professionals willing NL circulaire migratie to support their country of origin by conducting part I PL migracja cyrkulacyjna of their professional activity there. PT migração circular 3.Circular migration of persons residing in a third J RO migraţie circulară country SK okružná migrácia / cirkulárna migrácia Circular migration could create an opportunity for K SL krožna migracija persons residing in a third country to come to the SV cirkulär migration EU temporarily for work, study, training or a combina- L NO sirkulær migrasjon tion of these, on the condition that, - third-country nationals wishing to work temporarily Definition in the EU, e.g. in seasonal employment; M A repetition of legal migration by the same person - third-country nationals wishing to study or train between two or more countries. in Europe before returning to their country; N - third-country nationals who, after having complet- Source O European Commission Communication on Circular ed their studies, wish to be employed in the EU (e.g. Migration and Mobility Partnerships, COM(2007) 248 as trainees) to acquire professional experience which final is difficult to obtain at home, before returning; P - third-country researchers wishing to carry out a re- Related terms search project in the EU; Q ★★ brain circulation - third-country nationals who wish to take part in in- ★★ brain drain tercultural people-to-people exchanges and other ac- R ★★ brain gain tivities in the field of culture, active citizenship, educa- ★★ contract migrant worker tion and youth (such as, for example, training courses, S ★★ diaspora seminars, events, study visits); ★★ mobility partnership - third-country nationals who wish to carry out an un- T ★★ seasonal worker remunerated voluntary service pursuing objectives of general interest in the EU. U

V W X Y Z

63 citizenship

BG гражданство Definition C CS státní občanství The particular legal bond between an individual and DE Staatsangehörigkeit / Staatsbürgerschaft their State, acquired by birth or naturalisation, EL ιθαγένεια / υπηκοότητα whether by declaration, choice, marriage or other ES nacionalidad means according to national legislation. ET kodakondsus FI kansalaisuus Source FR nationalité Art. 2(d) of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration GA saoránacht Statistics Regulation) HU állampolgárság Synonym IT cittadinanza ★★ nationality LT pilietybė LV pilsonība Narrower terms MT Ċittadinanza ★★ acquisition of citizenship NL staatsburgerschap ★★ dual citizenship PL obywatelstwo ★★ loss of citizenship PT nacionalidade ★★ union citizen RO cetăţenie Related terms SK štátne občianstvo / štátna príslušnosť SL državljanstvo ★★ country of nationality SV medborgarskap ★★ ethnic nationality NO statsborgerskap (b); statsborgarskap (n) Notes 1. Whilst in some EU Member States a distinction is made between citizenship and nationality, in the EU context and for the purpose of this glossary, no distinction is made and the two terms are considered to be interchangeable. In countries which distin- guish between citizenship and nationality, the term citizenship refers specifically to the legal rights and duties of nationals. The European Convention on Na- tionality, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) Glossary and the EUDO Glossary on Citizenship and Nationality prefer the term ‘nationality’. 2. According to Art. 1 of the Hague Convention on Cer- tain Questions Relating to the Conflict of Nationality Law, 1930, it is for each State to determine under its own laws who are its nationals. 3. The tie of nationality confers individual rights and imposes obligations that a State reserves for its population. Nationality carries with it certain consequences as regards migration, such as the right of a State to protect its nationals against violations of their individual rights committed by foreign authorities (particularly by means of diplomatic protection), the duty to accept its nationals onto its territory, and the prohibition to expel them.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

64 civil partnership of convenience A

BG no translation Definition B CS účelové partnerství A civil partnership contracted for the sole purpose of DE zivile Scheinpartnerschaft enabling the person concerned to enter or reside in a C EL εικονικό σύμφωνο συμβίωσης / σύμφωνο EU Member State. συμβίωσης συμφέροντος D ES unión civil de conveniencia Source ET tsiviilpartnerlus (riigis seadusliku viibimise Derived by EMN from the definition for ‘partnership’ E aluse saamiseks) in Art. 16(2b) of Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Family FI harhautustarkoituksessa solmittu rekisteröity Reunification Directive) F parisuhde Related terms FR partenariat civil de complaisance G GA páirtnéireacht shibhialta áise ★★ adoption of convenience ★★ false declaration of parenthood HU névleges élettársi kapcsolat H IT unione civile fittizia ★★ marriage of convenience ★★ partnership of convenience LT fiktyvi registruota partnerystė I LV fiktīvas partnerattiecības MT Sħubija / Unjoni ċivili ta’ konvenjenza NL schijnpartnerschap J PL fikcyjny związek partnerski PT parceria civil de conveniência (casamento, K união de facto ou adoção) RO parteneriat (civil) de convenienta L SK účelové registrované partnerstvo SL partnerska skupnost iz koristoljubja M SV skenpartnerskap NO proformapartnerskap (b); N proformapartnarskap (n) O

P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

65 (civil) war refugee

BG бежанец вследствие на (гражданска) война Definition C CS válečný uprchlík A person who leaves their country to escape from the DE (Bürger-)Kriegsflüchtling effects of armed conflicts (direct effects of fighting, EL πρόσφυγας εμφυλίου πολέμου assaults of combat troops, displacements etc.). ES refugiado por conflictos bélicos ET sõjapõgenik Source FI (sota)pakolainen Derived by EMN from the definitions for ‘refugee’, FR réfugié de guerre (civile) ‘person eligible for subsidiary protection’ and ‘tempo- GA dídeanaí cogaidh chathartha rary protection’ in the EMN Glossary HU (polgár) háborús menekült Related terms IT rifugiato a causa di una guerra (anche civile) LT pabėgėlis dėl pilietinio karo ★★ de facto refugee ★★ LV kara bēglis displaced person ★★ MT Rifuġjat(a) minħabba gwerra (ċivili) person eligible for subsidiary protection ★★ subsidiary protection NL (burger)oorlogsvluchteling ★★ temporary protection PL uchodźca wojenny PT refugiado de guerra Notes RO refugiat de razboi (civil) 1. In accordance with the EU acquis (notably Direc- SK utečenec z dôvodu (občianskej) vojny tive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive)), such SL (civilni) vojni begunec a person could be granted refugee status or subsid- SV krigsflykting iary protection status, depending on the grounds NO (borger)krigsflyktning (b); (borgar) on which their application is based (i.e. depending krigsflyktning (n) on whether they were compelled to leave as a result of fear of persecution linked to a Convention ground for persecution or serious harm in the context of indiscriminate violence). 2. If there is a mass influx to the EU of such persons who have been displaced, they may also be eligible for temporary protection in accordance with Council Di- rective 2001/55/EC (Temporary Protection Directive) .

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

66 Committee on Immigration and Asylum (CIA) A

BG Комитет по имиграция и убежище Definition B CS Výbor pro přistěhovalectví a azyl A European Commission-led expert group aimed at DE Ausschuss für Einwanderung und Asyl facilitating an informal exchange of views between C EL Επιτροπή για τη Μετανάστευση και το Άσυλο EU Member State administrations and the Commis- ES Comité de Inmigración y Asilo sion services on political and legal issues related to D ET sisserände- ja varjupaigakomitee migration, border and asylum. FI Maahanmuutto- ja turvapaikka-asioiden E komitea Source FR Comité sur l’immigration et l’asile Developed by EMN F GA An Coiste um Inimrice agus Thearmann Synonyms HU Bevándorlási és Menekültügyi Bizottság G IT Comitato Immigrazione e Asilo ★★ CIA ★★ Immigration and Asylum Committee LT Imigracijos ir prieglobsčio komitetas H LV Imigrācijas un patvēruma komiteja Notes MT Kumitat dwar l-Immigrazzjoni u l-Ażil 1. Frequently the CIA discusses upcoming legislative I NL Comité voor immigratie en asiel or other proposals in order to ‘measure the tempera- PL Komitet ds. Imigracji i Azylu ture’ of EU Member State feelings before submitting PT Comité Imigração e Asilo J a formal Commission proposal. RO Comitetul Imigraţie şi Azil 2. The CIA is also used as a forum for collecting in- K SK Výbor pre prisťahovalectvo a azyl formation on the situation in EU Member States (via SL Odbor za priseljevanje in azil questionnaires) on selected policy-relevant issues L SV kommittén för frågor om invandring och asyl and where the Commission can report to EU Member NO Komiteen for innvandrings- og asylspørsmål States on its activities. M 3. Participants from EU Member States are nominated on an ad-hoc basis; normally both ‘generalists’ from N the Permanent Representations and ‘specialists’ from the capitals are present. Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and international organisations such O as United Nations High Commissioner for Refu- gees (UNHCR) or the International Organization P for Migration (IOM) are sometimes invited to join discussions of the CIA as active observers. Q 4. For more information, see the European Commis- sion Register of Commission Expert Groups. R S

T U V W X Y Z

67 Common Basic Principles

BG Общи основни принципи Definition C CS společné základní principy In the context of EU integration policy, a set of 11 DE Gemeinsame Grundprinzipien simple, non-binding but thoughtful guidelines intend- EL Κοινές Βασικές Αρχές ed to assist EU Member States in formulating their ES principios básicos comunes integration policies. ET ühtsed aluspõhimõtted FI yhteiset perusperiaatteet Sources FR principes de base communs Derived by the EMN from the European Website on GA comhphrionsabail bhunúsacha Integration HU közös alapelvek and JHA Council Conclusions of 19 November 2004 IT Principi Comuni di Base Synonym LT bendrieji pagrindiniai principai ★★ Common Basic Principles for immigrant integration LV kopīgie pamatprincipi policy MT Prinċipji Bażiċi Komuni NL gemeenschappelijke basisprincipes Broader term PL Wspólne Podstawowe Zasady ★★ integration PT princípios básicos comuns RO principii comune de bază Related terms SK spoločné základné princípy / spoločné ★★ host society základné zásady ★★ National Contact Points on Integration SL Skupna temeljna načela SV gemensamma grundprinciper Notes NO felles grunnleggende prinsipper (b); Felles 1. The Common Basic Principles for Immigrant Inte- grunnleggjande prinsipp (n) gration Policy in the EU were adopted by the Justice and Home Affairs Council in November 2004 and form the foundations of EU initiatives in the field of integration. 2. The Common Basic Principles offer a guide for EU Member States against which they can judge and assess their own efforts. They can also use these basic principles to set priorities and further develop their own measurable goals. The principles are relevant both for EU Member States with considerable experience of substantial immigration as well as for those that have more recently become destinations for significant numbers of immigrants. 3. For more information, see the EU website on integration.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

68 Common European Asylum System (CEAS) A

BG Обща европейска система за убежище Definition B CS Společný evropský azylový systém A framework of agreed rules which establish common DE Gemeinsames Europäisches Asylsystem procedures for international protection and a uni- C EL Κοινό Ευρωπαϊκό Σύστημα Ασύλου form status for those who are granted refugee sta- ES Sistema Europeo Común de Asilo tus or subsidiary protection based on the full and D ET Euroopa ühtne varjupaigasüsteem inclusive application of the Geneva Refugee Con- FI Euroopan yhteinen turvapaikkajärjestelmä vention and Protocol and which aims to ensure fair E FR régime d’asile européen commun and humane treatment of applicants for interna- GA Comhchóras Tearmainn Eorpach tional protection, to harmonise asylum systems in F HU Közös Európai Menekültügyi Rendszer the EU and reduce the differences between Member IT Sistema europeo comune di asilo States on the basis of binding legislation, as well as G LT Bendra Europos prieglobsčio sistema to strengthen practical cooperation between national LV Kopējā Eiropas patvēruma sistēma asylum administrations and the external dimension of H MT Sistema Ewropea Komuni għall-Ażil asylum. NL Gemeenschappelijk Europees Asielstelsel I PL Wspólny Europejski System Azylowy Source Derived by EMN from Art. 78 of TFEU PT Sistema Europeu Comum de Asilo J RO Sistemul European Comun de Azil Synonym SK Spoločný európsky azylový systém ★★ CEAS SL Skupni evropski azilni sistem K SV gemensamt europeiskt asylsystem Related terms L NO Det felles europeiske asylsystemet ★★ Eurasil ★★ European Asylum Support Office (EASO) ★★ Lisbon Treaty M ★★ minimum standards N Notes According to Art. 78 of Treaty of the Functioning of the O European Union, the Common European Asylum Sys- tem shall comprise: P a) a uniform status of asylum for nationals of third countries, valid throughout the European Union; Q b) a uniform status of subsidiary protection for nationals of third countries who, without obtaining European R asylum, are in need of international protection; c) a common system of temporary protection for dis- S placed persons in the event of a massive inflow; d) common procedures for the granting and withdraw- T ing of uniform asylum or subsidiary protection status; U e) criteria and mechanisms for determining which Member State is responsible for considering an appli- V cation for asylum or subsidiary protection; f) standards concerning the conditions for the reception of applicants for asylum or subsidiary protection; W g) partnership and cooperation with third countries for the purpose of X managing inflows of people applying for asylum or subsidiary or temporary protection. Y Z

69 Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP)

BG достъп до производство за международна Definition C закрила Policy offering a framework for cooperation between CS Společná bezpečnostní a obranná politika EU Member States within which the EU can conduct DE Gemeinsame Sicherheits- und operational missions with the aim of peace-keeping Verteidigungspolitik and strengthening international security in third coun- EL Κοινή Πολιτικής Ασφαλείας και Άμυνας (ΚΠΑΑ) tries by relying on civil and military assets provided by ES Política común de seguridad y defensa EU Member States. ET ühine julgeoleku- ja kaitsepoliitika FI yhteinen turavallisuus- ja puolustuspolitiikka Source FR politique de sécurité et de défense commune The Security and Defence Policy on the Website of the GA Comhbheartas Slándála agus Cosanta European Union External Action Services HU közös biztonság- és védelempolitikai Synonym műveletek IT Politica di sicurezza e di difesa comune ★★ CSDP LT Bendra saugumo ir gynybos politika Notes LV Kopējās drošības un aizsardzības politika 1. The Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) MT Politika ta' Sigurtà u ta' Difiża Komuni replaces the former European Security and Defence NL Gemeenschappelijk Veiligheids- en Policy (ESDP) and was introduced by the Lisbon Treaty Defensiebeleid as an integral part of the Common Foreign and Secu- PL Wspólna Polityka Bezpieczeństwa i Obrony rity Policy (CFSP). PT Política Comum de Segurança e Defesa 2. As in the preceding Treaties, the CSDP remains a RO fundamentally intergovernmental issue. SK Spoločná bezpečnostná a obranná politika / 3. The European Agenda on Migration of May 2015 SBOP envisages CSDP operations in the Mediterranean to SL Skupna varnostna in obrambna politika dismantle traffickers' networks and fight smuggling SV gemensamma säkerhets- och of migrants in accordance with international law. For försvarspolitiken (GFSP) further information see the DG Migration and Home NO Felles sikkerhets- og forsvarspolitikk (b); felles Affairs website, webpage on the European Agenda on tryggleiks- og forsvarspolitikk Migration.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

70 contract migrant worker A

BG работник мигрант на трудов договор Definition B CS pracující migrant se smluvním vztahem Person working in a country other than their own un- DE Vertragsarbeitnehmer der contractual arrangements that set limits on the C EL μισθωτός μετανάστης εργαζόμενος period of employment and on the specific job held ES No translation by the migrant. D ET lepinguline võõrtöötaja FI maahanmuuttaja, jolla on rajoitettu työnteko- Source E oikeus OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms FR travailleur migrant sous contrat F GA oibrí imirceach ar conradh Synonym ★★ contract worker HU szerződéssel rendelkező / szerződéses G migráns munkavállaló Broader term IT lavoratore migrante a contratto ★★ migrant worker H LT migrantas darbuotojas pagal sutartį LV līgumdarbinieks migrants Related terms I MT Migrant ħaddiem b’kuntratt tax-xogħol ★★ circular migration NL buitenlandse contractarbeider ★★ seasonal worker PL migrant / pracownik kontraktowy J PT trabalhador migrante por conta de outrem Notes RO lucrator migrant cu contract 1. Contract migrant workers cannot change jobs with- K SK pracujúci migrant so zmluvou na dobu určitú out permission granted by the authorities of the re- SL pogodbeni delavec migrant ceiving state. L SV migrant med begränsat anställningsavtal 2. This full term is not commonly used; ‘contract work- NO migrant med begrenset arbeidsavtale (b); er’, which does not necessarily apply to migrants only, M migrant med avgrensa arbeidsavtale (n) is more common. N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

71 Convention grounds for persecution

BG основания за преследване, посочени в Broader term C Конвенцията за статута на бежанците ★★ persecution CS důvody pronásledování podle Ženevské úmluvy Related terms DE Verfolgungsgründe (nach) der Genfer ★★ Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol Konvention / Konventionsgründe ★★ refugee EL λόγοι δίωξης σύμφωνα με τη Σύμβαση της Γενεύης Notes ES motivos de persecución Convenio de Ginebra 1. Not every person who is outside their own country de 1951 y Protocolo de 1967 and has a well-founded fear of persecution is a Conven- ET Genfi konventsioonis sätestatud tion refugee. One of the conditions for qualification tagakiusamise alused for refugee status within the meaning of Art. 1(A) FI Geneven yleissopimuksen mukaiset vainon of the Geneva Refugee Convention is the existence perusteet of a causal link between the reasons for persecu- FR motifs de persécution au sens de la tion, namely race, religion, nationality, political opin- Convention de Genève ion or membership of a particular social group, and GA forais ghéarleanúna de réir Choinbhinsiún na the acts of persecution or the absence of protection Ginéive against such acts. Persecution based on any other HU a genfi egyezmèny szerinti üldöztetèsi ok ground will not be considered. The risk of being per- IT cause di persecuzione ex Convenzione di secuted may sometimes arise in circumstances where Ginevra two or more Convention grounds combine in the same LT persekiojimo pagrindai pagal Konvenciją person, in which case the combination of such grounds LV Ženēvas konvencijas noteiktie vajāšanas defines the causal connection to the well-founded fear pamati of being persecuted. MT Motivi għall-persekuzzjoni skont il- 2. The following definitions come into play when Konvenzjoni States attempt to determine who is and who is not NL gronden voor vervolging in de zin van het a refugee: Vluchtelingenverdrag - race is used in its broadest sense and includes ethnic PL and social groups of common descent; PT motivos de perseguição na aceção da - religion also has meaning, including identification Convenção de Genebra with a group that tends to share common traditions RO motive de persecutie stabilite de Conventia de or beliefs, as well as the active practice of religion; la Geneva - nationality includes an individual’s citizenship. Perse- SK dôvody prenasledovania podľa Ženevského cution of ethnic, linguistic and cultural groups within dohovoru a population also may be termed persecution based SL konvencijski razlogi za preganjanje / razlogi za on nationality; preganjanje po Ženevski konvenciji iz 1951 - a particular social group refers to people who share SV konventionsgrunder för förföljelse a similar background, habits or social status. This cat- NO konvensjonsgrunnene for forfølgelse (b); egory often overlaps with persecution based on one konvensjonsgrunnane for forfølging (n) of the other four grounds. It has applied to families of capitalists, landowners, homosexuals, Definition - political opinion refers to ideas not tolerated by the The five enumerated grounds listed in Art. 1A(2) of authorities, including opinions critical of government the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol: policies and methods. It includes opinions attributed race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular to individuals even if the individual does not in fact social group or political opinion which must be the hold that opinion. Individuals who conceal their polit- reason for persecution. ical opinions until after they have fled their countries Source may qualify for refugee status if they can show that Derived by EMN from Art. 1A(2) of the Geneva Refu- their views are likely to subject them to persecution gee Convention and Protocol if they return home.

Synonyms

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION ★★ grounds for persecution ★★ reasons for persecution 72 Convention refugee A

BG бежанец съгласно Конвенцията за статута Definition B на бежанците от 1951 г. Person recognised as a refugee by States under the CS azylant / uprchlík podle Úmluvy criteria in Art. 1A of the Geneva Refugee Conven- C DE Konventionsflüchtling tion and Protocol, and entitled to the enjoyment of EL πρόσφυγας σύμφωνα με τη Σύμβαση της a variety of rights under that Convention. D Γενεύης ES refugiado (en términos de la Convención de Source E Ginebra) UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminol- ET konventsioonipagulane ogy F FI Geneven yleissopimuksen mukainen Synonym pakolainen G FR réfugié au sens de la Convention de Genève ★★ recognised refugee GA dídeanaí de réir Choinbhinsiún na Ginéive Broader term H HU konvenciós menekült ★★ beneficiary of international protection IT rifugiato ex Convenzione di Ginevra LT pabėgėlis pagal Konvenciją Related terms I LV bēglis Ženēvas konvencijas izpratnē ★★ mandate refugee MT Rifuġjat(a) skont il-Konvenzjoni ta’ Ġinevra ★★ refugee status J NL verdragsvluchteling ★★ relocation PL uchodźca konwencyjny K PT refugiado (na aceção da Convenção de Genebra de 1951 relativa aos refugiados) L RO refugiat în baza convenţiei de la Geneva SK utečenec podľa Ženevského dohovoru M SL konvencijski begunec / begunec po Ženevski konvenciji N SV konventionsflykting NO konvensjonsflyktning O

P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

73 Cooperation Platform on Migration and Development

BG Платформа за сътрудничество по въпросите Definition C на миграцията и развитието A concept in the framework of the Global Approach CS Platforma pro spolupráci - migrace a rozvoj to Migration and Mobility (GAMM) whichs bring to- DE Kooperationsplattform für Migration und gether migration and development actors in a coun- Entwicklung try or region to manage migration more effectively, EL Πλατφόρμα Συνεργασίας για θέματα in the interests of all, along specific migratory routes. Μετανάστευσης και Ανάπτυξης ES Plataforma de Cooperación sobre Migración y Sources Desarrollo Derived by EMN from Annex I of the European Com- ET rände ja arenguabi koostööplatvorm mission Communication on the Global Approach to FI muuttoliikettä ja kehitystä käsittelevä Migration, COM(2006) 735 final and yhteistyöfoorumi the European Commission Communication on the FR Plate-forme de coopération sur la migration et Global Approach to Migration and Mobility, COM(2011) le développement 743 final GA Clár Comhoibrithe um Imirce agus Fhorbairt Synonym HU Együttműködési Platform a migráció és jejlesztés területén ★★ cooperation platform IT Piattaforma di cooperazione sulla migrazione Related terms e lo sviluppo ★★ Global Forum on Migration and Development LT Migracijos ir vystymosi bendradarbiavimo ★★ migration profile platforma ★★ migration routes initiative LV sadarbības platforma par migrāciju un ★★ mobility partnership attīstību MT Pjattaforma ta’ Kooperazzjoni fuq il- Notes Migrazzjoni u l-Iżvilupp 1. This concept was proposed in the 2006 Communi- NL samenwerkingsplatform voor migratie en cation on the Global Approach COM(2006) 735 and ontwikkeling endorsed by the December 2006 European Council. PL Platforma Współpracy na rzecz Migracji i 2. Such platforms bring together representatives Rozwoju of the country or countries concerned with EU Mem- PT Plataforma de Cooperação em matéria de ber States, the Commission and international organ- Migração e de Desenvolvimento isations. RO Platforma de cooperare cu privire la Migratie si dezvoltare SK Platforma spolupráce v oblasti migrácie a rozvoja SL Platforma za sodelovanje na področju migracij in razvoja SV samarbetsplattform för migration och utveckling NO Samarbeidsplattform om migrasjon og utvikling

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

74 Cotonou Agreement A

BG Споразумението от Котону Definition B CS Dohoda z Cotonou The Partnership Agreement between the members DE Cotonou-Abkommen of the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Group of C EL Συμφωνία Κοτονού States of the one part and the European Union and its ES Acuerdo de Cotonou Member States of the other part, in order to promote D ET Cotonou leping and expedite the economic, cultural and social devel- FI Cotonoun sopimus opment of the ACP States, with a view to contributing E FR Accord de Cotonou to peace and security and to promoting a stable and GA Comhaontú Cotonou democratic political environment. F HU Cotonou-i Egyezmény IT Accordo di Cotonou Source G LT Kotonu susitarimas Cotonou Agreement LV Kotonū nolīgums Synonyms H MT Ftehim (Il-) ta’ Cotonou ★★ ACP-EC Partnership Agreement NL Overeenkomst van Cotonou ★★ Cotonou Partnership Agreement I PL Porozumienie z Cotonou PT Acordo de Cotonou Related terms J RO Acordul Cotonou ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility SK Dohoda z Cotonou (GAMM) K SL Kotonoujski sporazum ★★ Global Forum on Migration and Development SV Cotonouavtalet (GFMD) NO Cotonou-avtalen L Notes M 1. The Cotonou Agreement is the most comprehensive Partnership Agreement between developing countries and the EU. It was signed on 23 June 2000 in Coto- N nou, Benin as a global agreement, introducing important changes and ambitious objectives while preserv- O ing the ‘acquis’ of 25 years of ACP-EC cooperation. It was revised in Luxembourg on 25 June 2005. P 2. Art. 13 of this agreement refers to the issue of migration which shall be the subject of in-depth dia- Q logue in the framework of the ACP-EU Partnership. 3. For more information, see the description of the R Agreement on the EuropeAid website. S

T U V W X Y Z

75 country of birth

BG страна на раждане Definition C CS země narození The country of residence (in its current borders, if the DE Geburtsland information is available) of the mother at the time of EL χώρα γέννησης the birth or, in default, the country (in its current bor- ES país de nacimiento ders, if the information is available) in which the birth ET sünniriik took place. FI syntymämaa FR pays de naissance Source GA tír bhreithe Art.2(e) of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration HU születés helye szerinti ország Statistics Regulation) IT paese di nascita Related terms LT šalis, kurioje gimė (EU acquis); gimimo valstybė ★★ country of nationality ★★ LV dzimšanas valsts country of origin MT Art twelidek / Pajjiżek NL geboorteland PL kraj urodzenia PT país de nascimento RO ţara de naştere SK krajina narodenia SL država rojstva SV födelseland NO fødeland

country of destination

BG страна на дестинация Definition CS cílová země The country that is a destination for migration flows DE Zielland (regular or irregular). EL χώρα προορισμού ES país de destino Source ET sihtriik IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd. ed. 2011 FI kohdemaa FR pays de destination Related terms GA tír cinn scríbe / iolra: tíortha ceann scríbe ★★ country of origin HU célország ★★ country of transit IT paese di destinazione LT tikslo valstybė LV mērķa valsts MT Pajjiż fid-destinazzjoni NL land van bestemming PL kraj docelowy PT país de destino RO ţara de destinaţie SK cieľová krajina SL ciljna država SV destinationsland NO destinasjonsland

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

76 country of nationality A

BG страна на гражданство Definition B CS země státní příslušnosti The country (or countries) of which a person holds cit- DE Land der Staatsangehörigkeit / Land der izenship. C Staatsbürgerschaft EL Χώρα της ιθαγένειας Source D ES país de nacionalidad Developed by EMN ET kodakondsusjärgne riik E FI kansalaisuusvaltio Synonym ★★ state of nationality FR pays de nationalité F GA tír náisiúntachta Related terms HU állampolgárság szerinti ország ★★ citizenship G IT paese di cittadinanza ★★ country of birth LT pilietybės valstybė ★★ country of origin H LV pilsonības valsts MT Pajjiż tan-nazzjonalità Notes I NL land waarvan iemand onderdaan is / land 1. A person may have a different country of national- waarvan iemand het staatsburgerschap heeft ity from their country of origin and/or country of birth J PL państwo, którego obywatelem jest owing, for example, to the acquisition of citizenship cudzoziemiec in a country different from their country of birth. K PT país de nacionalidade 2. In some EU Member States, this term is used in the RO ţara de cetăţenie context of return. SK krajina štátneho občianstva / krajina štátnej L príslušnosti SL država, katere državljanstvo / nacionalnost M ima oseba SV medborgarskapsland N NO statsborgerskapsland (b); statsborgarskapsland (n) O

P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

77 country of origin

BG страна на произход Definition C CS země původu The country of nationality or, for stateless per- DE Herkunftsland, Herkunftsstaat sons, of former habitual residence. EL χώρα προέλευσης ES país de origen Source ET päritoluriik Art. 2(n) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification FI alkuperämaa/lähtömaa Directive) FR pays d’origine GA tír thionscnaimh Synonym HU származási ország ★★ state of origin IT paese di origine Narrower terms LT kilmės šalis (EU acquis); kilmės valstybė ★★ country of origin information (COI) LV izcelsmes valsts ★★ safe country of origin MT Pajjiż tal-oriġini NL land van herkomst Related terms PL kraj pochodzenia ★★ country of birth PT país de origem ★★ country of nationality RO ţara de origine ★★ country of return SK krajina pôvodu Note SL izvorna država SV ursprungsland A person may have more than one country of origin. NO opprinnelseslandd (b); opphavsland (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

78 country of origin information (COI) A

BG информация за страни на произход Broader term B CS informace o zemích původu ★★ country of origin DE Herkunftsländerinformation C EL πληροφορίες για τις χώρες καταγωγής Related term ES información del país de origen ★★ European Asylum Support Office (EASO) D ET päritoluriigi info FI alkuperämaita koskeva tieto / lähtömaatieto Notes E FR information sur le pays d’origine 1. All relevant facts as they relate to the country GA faisnéis faoin tír thionscnaimh of origin at the time of taking a decision on the appli- F HU származási országinformáció cation are used. The relevant facts are obtained from IT informazioni sul paese di origine various sources, such as the European Asylum Support G LT informacija apie kilmės valstybę Office (EASO), United Nations High Comissioner for LV izcelsmes valsts informācija Refugees (UNHCR) and relevant international hu- H MT Informazzjoni dwar il-pajjiż tal-oriġini man rights organisations, general public sources such NL landeninformatie / herkomstlandeninformatie as reports from (inter)national organisations, govern- I PL informacje o kraju pochodzenia mental and non-governmental organisations, media, bi-lateral contacts in countries of origin, embassy re- PT informação do país de origem J RO informaţii din ţara de origine ports including the laws and regulations of the country SK informácie o krajine pôvodu of origin and the manner in which they are applied. SL podatki o izvorni državi 2. The COI used by the EU Member States authorities K SV landinformation is made available to the personnel responsible for ex- NO landinformasjon amining applications and taking decisions. L 3. To ensure that COI can contribute to fair and ef- Definition ficient procedures, certain quality standards such as M Information used by the EU Member States authori- 'relevance', 'reliability and balance', 'accuracy and cur- ties to analyse the socio-political situation in coun- rency' and 'transparency and N tries of origin of applicants for international traceability' have been developped. To qualify as COI protection (and, where necessary, in countries it is essential that the source of the information has O through which they have transited) in the assess- no vested interest in the outcome of the individual ap- ment, carried out on an individual basis, of an appli- plication for international protection. P cation for international protection. 4. This information is also used inter alia for taking decisions on other migration issues, e.g. on return, Q Sources as well as by researchers. Derived by EMN from Annex C of Communication 5. According to Art. 4 of Council Regulation (EU) R on Strengthened Practical Cooperation, COM(2006) No 439/2010 (EASO Regulation), the European Asy- 67 final and lum Support Office (EASO) has taken over responsi- Art. 4 (3a) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualifica- bility for collecting, preparing, analysing and dissemi- S tion Directive) and nating this information. For more information, see the Art. 10 (3b) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum website of EASO. T Procedures Directive) U Synonyms ★★ COI V ★★ country information W X Y Z

79 country of return

BG страна на връщане Definition C CS země návratu In the EU context, a third country to which a DE Rückkehrland third-country national returns. EL χώρα επιστροφής ES país de retorno Source ET vastuvõttev riik EMN: Return migration, 2007 FI paluumaa FR pays de retour Related terms GA tír fillte ★★ country of origin HU visszatérési ország ★★ country of transit IT paese di ritorno Notes LT valstybė, į kurią grįžta LV atgriešanas valsts (EU acquis); izraidīšanas 1. This is not defined in legal terms. valsts 2. In most cases, it is the country of origin to which MT Pajjiż fejn wieħed jirritorna / fejn w. imur lura a return is made, but this definition is used here in or- NL terugkeerland der to indicate other (possible) destinations, e.g. coun- or another third country. PL kraj powrotu try of transit PT país de retorno RO ţara de returnare SK krajina návratu SL država povratka / vrnitve SV återvändandeland NO returland

country of transit

BG страна на транзит Definition CS tranzitní země The country through which migration flows (regular DE Transitland or irregular) move; this means the country (or coun- EL χώρα διέλευσης tries), different from thecountry of origin, which a ES país de tránsito migrant passes through in order to enter a country ET transiitriik of destination. FI kauttakulkumaa FR pays de transit Source GA tír idirthurais IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd. ed. 2011 HU tranzitország Related terms IT paese di transito LT tranzito valstybė ★★ country of destination ★★ LV tranzītvalsts country of origin ★★ MT Pajjiż ta’ tranżitu / Pajjiż li wieħed jgħaddi country of return minnu NL transitland / doorreisland PL kraj tranzytowy PT país de trânsito RO ţara de tranzit SK tranzitná krajina SL tranzitna država SV transitland NO transittland

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

80 Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) A

BG Съд на Европейския съюз Definition B CS Soudní dvůr Evropské unie The judicial authority of the European Union which DE Gerichtshof der Europäischen Union ensures in cooperation with the courts and tribunals C EL Δικαστήριο της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης of the EU Member States the uniform application and ES Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea interpretation of European Union law; and which set- D ET Euroopa Liidu Kohus tles legal disputes between national governments and FI Euroopan unionin tuomioistuin EU institutions. E FR Cour de justice de l’Union européenne GA Cúirt Bhreithiúnais an Aontais Eorpaigh Source F HU Európai Unió Bírósága Website of the European Union's Curia IT Corte di giustizia dell’Unione europea Synonym G LT Europos Sąjungos Teisingumo Teismas ★★ CJEU LV Eiropas Savienības Tiesa H MT Qorti tal-Ġustizzja tal-Unjoni Ewropea Related term NL Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie ★★ European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) I PL Trybunał Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej PT Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia Notes J RO 1. The institution was originally established in 1952 SK Súdny dvor Európskej únie as a single court called the Court of Justice of the K SL Sodišče Evropske Unije European Coal and Steel Communities (as of 1958 the SV Europeiska unionens domstol (EU-domstolen) Court of Justice of the European Communities (CJEC)). L NO EU-domstolen With the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009, the court system obtained its current name (Court of Justice of the European Union), while the court itself M was renamed "Court of Justice". 2. The Court is based in Luxembourg and consists of N two courts: the Court of Justice and the General Court (created in 1988). The court has one judge per EU O Member State. The governments of EU Member States agree on whom they want to appoint. P 3. The Court reviews the legality of the acts of the institutions of the European Union; ensures that the Q EU Member States comply with obligations under the Treaties; and interprets European Union law at the re- R quest of the national courts and tribunals. S

T U V W X Y Z

81 credibility assessment

BG оценка на достоверността Definition C CS posouzení věrohodnosti The process of gathering relevant information from DE Glaubwürdigkeitsprüfung / Prüfung der the applicant for international protection, exam- Glaubwürdigkeit ining it in the light of all the information available to EL αξιολόγηση της αξιοπιστίας the case worker in procedures for international ES evaluación de la credibilidad protection, for the purpose of the determination of ET usaldusväärsuse / usutavuse hindamine qualification forrefugee status and/or subsidiary FI uskottavuusarviointi protection status. FR évaluation de la crédibilité GA measúnú creidiúnachta Source HU szavahihetőség értékelése UNHCR: Beyond proof – credibility assessment in EU IT valutazione di credibilità asylum systems, 2013 LT patikimumo vertinimas Related terms LV ticamības novērtējums ★★ MT Evalwazzjoni tal-kredibilità real risk of suffering serious harm ★★ well-founded fear of persecution NL beoordeling van de geloofwaardigheid PL ocena wiarygodności Notes PT avaliação da credibilidade The credibility assessment is also a step taken RO evaluarea credibilitatii 1. in adjudicating an application for a visa or other immi- SK preukazovanie dôveryhodnosti gration status, in order to determine whether the in- SL ocena zanesljivosti formation presented by the applicant is consistent and SV trovärdighetsbedömning believable (see the definition ‘credibility assessment’ NO vurdering av troverdighet (b); vurdering av in the IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011). truverd (n) 2. Credibility is established where the applicant has presented a claim which is coherent and plausible, not contradicting generally known facts, and therefore is, on balance, capable of being believed.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

82 crime against humanity A

BG престъпление срещу човечеството Definition B CS zločin proti lidskosti Act committed as part of a widespread or systematic DE Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit attack directed against any civilian population, with C EL έγκλημα κατά της ανθρωπότητας knowledge of the attack. ES crimen contra la humanidad D ET inimsusevastane kuritegu Source FI rikos ihmiskuntaa / ihmisyyttä vastaan Art. 7 of the Rome Statute of the International Crim- E FR crime contre l’humanité inal Court GA coir i gcoinne an chine dhaonna Related terms F HU emberiség elleni bűncselekmény ★★ exclusion clause IT crimine contro l’umanità G LT nusikaltimas žmoniškumui ★★ genocide ★★ war crime LV noziegums pret cilvēci H MT Reat kontra l-umanità Notes NL misdrijf tegen de menselijkheid Crimes against humanity include: I PL zbrodnia przeciwko ludzkości a) murder; PT crimes contra a humanidade b) extermination; J RO crimă împotriva umanităţii c) enslavement; SK zločin proti ľudskosti d) deportation or forcible transfer of population; SL zločin proti človeštvu K e) imprisonment or other severe deprivation of phys- SV brott mot mänskligheten ical liberty in violation of fundamental rules of inter- NO forbrytelse mot menneskeheten (b); brotsverk L national law; mot menneskeslekta (n) f) torture; M g) rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilisation, or any other form of N sexual violence of comparable gravity; h) persecution against any identifiable group or col- O lectivity on political, racial, national, ethnic, cultural, religious, gender as defined in paragraph 3, or other grounds that are universally recognised as impermis- P sible under international law, in conn i) enforced disappearance of persons; Q j) the crime of apartheid; k) other inhumane acts of a similar character inten- R tionally causing great suffering, or serious injury to body or to mental or physical health. S T

U V W X Y Z

83 cross-border worker

BG трансграничен работник Definition C CS přeshraniční pracovník / příhraniční pracovník A person who works as an employee or self-em- DE Grenzgänger ployed person in one EU Member State but is recog- EL διασυνοριακός εργαζόμενος / μεθοριακός nised as residing in another (neighbouring) EU Mem- εργαζόμενος ber State. ES trabajador transfronterizo ET piiriülene töötaja Source FI rajatyöntekijä Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘cross-border FR travailleur transfrontalier workers’ by DG Taxation and Customs Union (DG TAX- GA oibrí trasteorann UD) HU határ menti ingázó munkavállaló Synonym IT lavoratore frontaliero ★★ cross-border commuter LT darbuotojas, kertantis vidaus sienas LV pārrobežu darba ņēmējs Related term MT Ħaddiem transkonfinali / jaqsam fruntiera ★★ frontier worker NL grensarbeider PL pracownik transgraniczny Notes PT trabalhador transfronteiriço 1. In dealing with cross-border issues a multitude of RO lucrator transfrontalier definitions for the term 'cross-border worker/commut- SK cezhraničný pracovník er' exists. SL čezmejni delavec 2. The concept of cross-border workers covers differ- SV gränsarbetare ent circumstances, depending on whether one takes NO grensependler (b); grensependlar (n) the Community meaning (set out, in particular, in connection with social security) or the various definitions included in bilateral double-taxation agreements. 3. Where tax is concerned, bilateral double-taxation agreements determining the tax arrangements applicable to frontier workers use more restrictive definitions which additionally impose a spatial criterion: the fact of living and working in a frontier zone. 4. Often 'cross-border workers' and 'frontier workers' are considered as synonyms. However, cross-border workers are distinct from frontier workers to the extent that they do not necessarily work in the frontier zone of the host country.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

84 crude rate of net migration A

BG общ коефициент на нетна миграция Definition B CS hrubá míra migračního salda The ratio of net migration plus adjustment during the DE rohe Netto-Migrationsrate year to the average population in that year. C EL ακαθάριστο ποσοστό της καθαρής μετανάστευσης Source D ES tasa neta de migración Eurostat’s Concepts and Definitions Database ET rändesaldo määr E FI nettomaahanmuutto tuhatta henkeä kohden Related terms FR taux brut de solde migratoire ★★ migration flow F GA garbhráta glanimirce ★★ net migration ★★ population stock HU nyers nettó migrációs arányszám G IT tasso grezzo di migrazione netta ★★ total migration LT neto migracija tūkstančiui gyventojų Note H LV migrācijas saldo vispārīgais koeficients The value is expressed per 1,000 inhabitants. The MT Rata bejn wieħed u ieħor ta’ migrazzjoni netta I / Rata netta ta’ migrazzjoni crude rate of net migration is equal to the difference NL bruto cijfer migratiesaldo between the crude rate of increase and the crude rate of natural increase (that is, net migration is consid- PL współczynnik salda migracji J ered as the part of population change not attributable PT taxa bruta do saldo migratório to births and deaths). It is calculated in this way be- RO ata brută de migraţie K cause immigration or emigration flows are either un- SK hrubá miera čistej migrácie / hrubá miera known or the figures are not sufficiently precise. migračného salda L SL splošna stopnja neto migracije SV flyttningsnetto M NO summarisk nettomigrasjonsrate N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

85 cultural diversity

BG културно многообразие Definition C CS kulturní diverzita The diversity of forms of culture in a society com- DE kulturelle Vielfalt posed of groups of people from many different cultur- EL πολιτιστική ποικιλομορφία al backgrounds. ES diversidad cultural ET kultuuriline mitmekesisus Source FI kulttuurinen moninaisuus / diversitetti Developed by EMN FR diversité culturelle GA ilchineálacht chultúrtha Related term HU kulturális sokféleség ★★ cultural pluralism IT diversità culturale Notes LT kultūrinė įvairovė LV kultūras daudzveidība 1. The UNESCO Declaration on Cultural Diversity re- MT Diversità kulturali flects the diverse and pluralist understanding of cul- NL culturele diversiteit ture and defines cultural diversity in Art. 1 as follows: ‘Diverse forms of culture across time and space PL różnorodność kulturowa which is embodied in the uniqueness and plurality PT diversidade cultural of the identities of the groups and societies making RO diversitate culturală up humankind and is a source of exchange, innova- SK kultúrna rozmanitosť / kultúrna diverzita tion and creativity.’ The scope and definition agreed SL kulturna raznolikost on in the UNESCO declaration were partly retained SV kulturell mångfald in the 2005 UNESCO Convention on Cultural Diversity NO kulturelt mangfold (b); kulturelt mangfald (n) (UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expression), the successive legally binding Convention, which is a landmark agreement in modern international law of culture and which sets out common rules, principles and points of reference for cultural diversity at the global level. 2. On 18 December 2006, the European Community ratified the UNESCO Convention. Preserving and promoting cultural diversity are among the Community’s founding principles: they are enshrined in the Treaty, under Art. 151, and in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, under Art. 22.3.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

86 cultural pluralism A

BG културен плурализъм Definition B CS kulturní pluralismus A policy aimed at the ensuring of harmonious interac- DE kultureller Pluralismus tion among people and groups with plural, varied and C EL πολιτιστικός πλουραλισμός dynamic cultural identities as well as their willingness ES pluralismo cultural to live together. D ET kultuuride paljusus FI kulttuurinen monimuotoisuus / pluralismi Source E FR pluralisme culturel Art. 2 of UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural GA iolrachas cultúrtha Diversity F HU kulturális sokszínűség Related terms IT pluralismo culturale G LT kultūrinis pliuralizmas ★★ culture ★★ cultural diversity LV kultūras plurālisms H MT Pluraliżmu kulturali Notes NL cultureel pluralisme According to the UNESCO definition, policies for the I PL pluralizm kulturowy 1. inclusion and participation of all citizens are guaran- PT pluralismo cultural tees of social cohesion, the vitality of civil society and J RO pluralism cultural / multiculturalitate peace. Thus defined, cultural pluralism gives policy ex- SK kultúrny pluralizmus pression to the reality of cultural diversity. SL kulturni pluralizem K 2. See also the UNESCO Convention on the Protection SV kulturell pluralism and Promotion of Cultural Expressions, 2005. NO kulturell pluralisme L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

87 culture C BG култура Definition CS kultura The set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual DE Kultur and emotional features of a society or a social group EL πολιτισμός, κουλτούρα encompassing, in addition to art and literature, life- ES cultura styles, ways of living together, value systems, tradi- ET kultuur tions and beliefs. FI kulttuuri FR culture Source GA cultúr Derived by EMN from the definition in the UNESCO HU kultúra Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity IT cultura Related terms LT kultūra ★★ LV kultūra cultural diversity ★★ MT Kultura cultural pluralism NL cultuur PL kultura PT cultura RO cultura SK kultúra SL kultura SV kultur NO kultur

de facto population DBG фактическо население Definition CS de facto obyvatelstvo A concept under which individuals (or vital events) are DE De-facto-Bevölkerung / tatsächlich anwesende recorded (or are attributed) to the geographical area Bevölkerung where they were present (or occurred) at a specified EL πραγματικός πληθυσμός (de facto) time. ES población (de hecho) ET de facto rahvastik (tegelik rahvastik) Source FI de facto -väestö OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms FR population de fait GA daonra de facto Related term HU tényleges népesség ★★ de jure population IT popolazione de facto Note LT de facto gyventojų skaičius LV de facto iedzīvotāji This term is little used. MT Popolazzjoni de facto NL de facto bevolking PL populacja de facto PT população (de facto) RO populaţie (de facto) SK obyvateľstvo de facto / faktické obyvateľstvo / prítomné obyvateľstvo SL de facto prebivalstvo SV de facto-befolkning NO tilstedeværende befolkning / de facto befolkning (b); folkesetnad tilstades /de facto-

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION folkesetnad (n)

88 de facto refugee A

BG no translation Definition B CS uprchlík de facto Person not recognised as a refugee (within the mean- DE De-facto-Flüchtling ing of Art. 1A of the Geneva Refugee Convention C EL de facto πρόσφυγας and Protocol) and who is unable or, for reasons rec- ES refugiado de facto ognised as valid, unwilling to return to their country D ET de facto pagulane of origin or country of nationality or, if they have FI tosiasiallinen pakolainen / de facto no nationality, to the country of their habitual resi- E -pakolainen dence. FR réfugié de facto F GA dídeanaí de facto Source HU de facto menekült Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd. G IT rifugiato de facto ed., 2011 LT de facto pabėgėlis Broader term H LV de facto bēglis ★★ refugee MT Rifuġjat(a) de facto I NL de facto vluchteling Related terms PL uchodźca de facto ★★ (civil) war refugee J PT refugiado de facto ★★ displaced person RO refugiat de facto ★★ humanitarian protection K SK utečenec de facto ★★ person eligible for subsidiary protection SL de facto begunec ★★ refugee in orbit SV de facto-flykting L NO de facto-flyktning Notes M 1. This term is not defined in legal terms in the EU Member States. 2. In DE, this refers to a person who has not applied N for asylum or whose asylum application has been rejected, but whose removal has been suspended due O to concrete danger of life, body or freedom. For example, a person’s stay will be tolerated in DE on grounds P of humanitarian law. Q R S T U V W X Y Z

89 degrading treatment or punishment

BG Унизително отношение или наказание Related terms DCS ponižující zacházení nebo trestání ★★ inhuman treatment and punishment DE erniedrigende Behandlung oder Bestrafung ★★ torture EL ταπεινωτική μεταχείριση ή τιμωρία ES Pena o trato degradante Notes ET alandav kohtlemine või karistamine 1. Prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman or de- FI alentava kohtelu tai rangaistus grading treatment or punishment is recognised as a FR peine ou traitement dégradant right of paramount significance under international GA íde nó píonós táireach human rights law and set out in all major inter- HU megalázó bánásmód vagy büntetés national instruments dealing with civil and political IT Trattamento o pena degradante rights, such as in Art. 3 of the European Convention LT žeminantis orumą elgesys arba baudimas on Human Rights (ECHR). The prohibition, contained LV pazemojoša rīcība vai sodīšana in Art. 3 of the ECHR is the only Convention prohibition MT trattament jew piena degradanti that is not subject to any limitations or derogations. NL vernederende behandeling of bestraffing / 2. While the UN Convention against Torture and oth- onterende behandeling of bestraffing er Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punish- PL poniżające traktowanie lub karanie ment (UNCAT) provides a definition of torture, there PT tratamento ou pena degradantes is no universally accepted definition of inhuman and RO degrading treatment or punishment. The case law SK ponižujúce zaobchádzanie alebo trestanie of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) SL ponižujoče ravnanje ali kazen provides at least a source of guidance even though SV förnedrande behandling eller bestraffning the decision practice of the Court has changed over NO nedverdigende behandling eller straff (b); the time. On the basis of the degree of severity of nedverdigande handsaming eller straff (n) ill-treatment the Court distinguished and defined three concepts prohibited by Art. 3: (i) torture, (ii) inhuman Definition treatment or punishment and (iii) degrading treatment Treatment that humiliates or debases an individual, or punishment. Further, the Court emphasized in the showing a lack of respect for, or diminishing, their Selmouni vs. France judgement of 28 July 1999 that human dignity, or when it arouses feelings of fear, the hierarchy distinguishing the three categories of anguish or inferiority capable of breaking an individ- ill-treatment is fluid in nature and has to be assessed ual’s moral and physical resistance. in harmony with societal pogress. Sources 3. The definition used is taken from the most recent reference to the term in ECtHR case law. The first defi- ECtHR Svinarenko and Slyadnev v. Russia Applica- nitions of the term were established in case law from tions nos. 32541/08 and 43441/08 the 1960s - e.g. Denmark, France, Norway, Sweden based on M.S.S. v. Belgium and Greece, Application and the Netherlands v. Greece, 1969. For more infor- no. 30696/09, § 220, ECHR 2011 mation, see the Guide to Jurisprudence on Torture and and El-Masri v. the former Yugoslav Republic of Mac- Ill-treatment by the Association for the Prevention of edonia, Application No. 39630/09, § 202, ECHR 2012 Torture. Broader term 4. The suffering and humiliation involved must in any ★★ serious harm event go beyond the inevitable element of suffering or humiliation resulting from legitimate treatment or punishment (Soering vs United Kingdom, para. 100)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

90 de jure population A

BG юридическо население Definition B CS de jure obyvatelstvo A concept under which individuals (or vital events) are DE De-jure-Bevölkerung recorded (or are attributed) to a geographical area on C EL νόμιμος πληθυσμός (de jure) the basis of the place of residence. ES población (de derecho) D ET de jure rahvastik Source FI de jure -väestö OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms E FR population de droit Related term GA daonra de jure F HU hivatalos népességszám ★★ de facto population IT popolazione de jure Note G LT de jure gyventojų skaičius This term is little used. LV de jure iedzīvotāji H MT Popolazzjoni de jure NL de jure bevolking I PL populacja de jure PT população (de direito) J RO populaţie (de drept) SK obyvateľstvo de jure / bývajúce obyvateľstvo SL de jure prebivalstvo K SV bosatt befolkning / de jure-befolkning NO hjemmehørende befolkning / de jure L befolkning (b); folkesetnad etter bustad / de jure-folkesetnad (n) M N

dependant O BG лице на издръжка Definition P CS závislá osoba A person who has filed an application forfamily re- DE zuzugsberechtigter Familienangehöriger / unification and who is granted entry and residence Q Familienangehöriger, dem Unterhalt gewährt by the Member State to stay with a legally resident wird family member or other. EL συντηρούμενο / εξαρτώμενο μέλος R ES dependiente Source ET ülalpeetav EMN: Family Reunification of Third-Country Nationals S FI huollettava in the EU plus Norway: National Practices, 2016 FR personne à charge T GA cleithiúnaí Related terms HU eltartott ★★ family member U IT persona a carico ★★ sponsor V LT išlaikomas asmuo Note LV apgādājamais MT Persuna dipendenti For more information, see EMN: Family reunification, W NL afhankelijk gezinslid /persoon ten laste (very 2016. narrow) X PL osoba pozostająca na utrzymaniu PT dependente / pessoa a cargo Y RO dependent SK závislá osoba Z SL vzdrževanec SV anhörig NO forsørget person (b); forsørgd person (n)

91 detainee

DBG задържан Definition CS zajištěný cizinec A person in detention. DE Häftling EL κρατούμενος Source ES detenido Developed by EMN ET kinnipeetav FI säilöön otettu Related term FR personne retenue ★★ detention GA duine atá á choinneáil HU őrizetbevett (személy) IT persona trattenuta LT sulaikytasis LV aizturētais MT Detenut(a) NL gedetineerde (NL, BE); in vreemdelingenbewaring gestelde persoon (NL); vastgehouden / opgesloten persoon (BE) (in case of return) PL osoba zatrzymana PT detido RO SK zaistená osoba SL pripornik SV förvarstagen person NO innsatt (b); innsett (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

92 detection of a victim of trafficking in human beings A

BG откриване на жертва на трафик на хора Definition B CS identifikace oběti obchodování s lidmi The process of identifying a possible situation of traf- DE Erkennung eines Opfers von Menschenhandel ficking in human beings. C EL εντοπισμός θύματος εμπορίας ανθρώπων ES detección de víctimas de trata de seres Source D humanos Derived by EMN from Varandas, I. & J. Martins: Signal- ET inimkaubanduse ohvri staatuse tuvastamine ling Identification Integration of Victims of Trafficking E FI ihmiskaupan uhrin havaitseminen for Sexual Exploitation: Construction of a Guide, 2007 FR détection d’une victime de la traite des êtres F humains Broader term ★★ trafficking in human beings GA íospartach gáinneála a aimsiú G HU emberkereskedelem áldozatának felderítése Related term IT individuazione della vittima di tratta degli ★★ identification of a victim of trafficking in hu- H esseri umani man beings LT prekybos žmonėmis aukos atpažinimas I LV cilvēku tirdzniecības upura atpazīšana MT Sejbien ta’ vittma fit-traffikar tal-persuni NL detectie van een slachtoffer van J mensenhandel PL identyfikacja ofiar handlu ludźmi K PT deteção de vítima de tráfico de seres humanos L RO identificarea unei victime a traficului de fiinte umane M SK zisťovanie či je osoba obeťou obchodovania s ľuďmi N SL zaznava žrtve trgovine z ljudmi SV upptäckt av offer för människohandel O NO identifisering av et offer for menneskehandel (b); identifisering av eit offer for P menneskehandel (n) Q

R S T U V W X Y Z

93 detention

BG задържане Narrower terms DCS zajištění ★★ detention facility DE Abschiebungshaft; Schubhaft (AT) ★★ detention standards and conditions EL κράτηση (διοικητική) ES internamiento Related terms ET kinnipidamine ★★ alternative to detention FI säilöönotto ★★ detainee FR rétention Notes GA coinneáil HU őrizet 1. EU provisions differentiate between different mi- IT trattenimento gration situations in which third-country nationals LT sulaikymas can be detained: detention of applicants for interna- LV aizturēšana tional protection, detention in order to prevent irregu- MT Detenzjoni lar entry into the territory of EU Member States and NL detentie; vreemdelingenbewaring (NL) (in detention of irregular migrants involved in return context of return) proceedings. PL detencja / zatrzymanie 2. Applicants for international protection may be detained at any stage of or throughout the asylum pro- PT detenção cess, from the time an initial application is made up to RO custodie publică the point of removal of an unsuccessful applicant for SK zaistenie international protection. According to Art. 26 of Direc- SL pridrževanje / omejitev gibanja tive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedure Directive) SV förvar it is not acceptable to detain a person solely for the NO forvaring reason that they have lodged an application for in- Definitions ternational protection. To ensure the non-arbitrariness In the global migration context, non-punitive admin- of detention and the respect of fundamental rights istrative measure ordered by an administrative or of applicants for international protection, Directive judicial authority(ies) in order to restrict the liberty 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions Directive) of a person through confinement so that another introduced an exhaustive list of detention grounds procedure may be implemented. (Art. 8) and put in place a number of procedural guarantees.The Directive also regulates the conditions In the EU asylum context, confinement (i.e. depriva- in detention facilities (Art. 10). tion of liberty) of an applicant for international 3. In an EU return context, EU Member States may protection by an EU Member State within a par- only detain or keep in a detention facility a third-coun- ticular place, where the applicant is deprived of their try national who is the subject of return procedures personal liberty. in order to prepare the return and/or carry out the removal process, in particular when: (a) there is a risk Sources of absconding; or (b) the third-country national con- Global context: Derived by EMN from the definition cerned avoids or hampers the preparation of return of ‘detention’ in UNESCO’s People on the Move Hand- or the removal process. Any detention shall be for book as short a period as possible and only maintained EU context: Art. 2(h) of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast as long as removal arrangements are in progress and Reception Conditions Directive) and executed with due diligence. See Art. 15 (1) of Direc- Art. 26 of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Pro- tive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive). cedures Directive) 4. For further information, see EMN: The use of detention and alternatives to detention in the context of immigration policies, 2014.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

94 detention facility A

BG място за задържане Definitions B CS zařízení pro zajištění cizinců In the global context, a specialised facility used for DE Hafteinrichtung (EU acquis, AT, DE); the detention of third-country nationals in ac- C Abschiebehaftanstalt (LU) cordance with national law. EL χώρος κράτησης (κρατητήρια) D ES centro de internamiento In the EU return context, a specialised facility to keep ET kinnipidamisasutus in detention a third-country national who is the sub- E FI säilöönottolaitos ject of return procedures in order to prepare the re- FR centre de rétention turn and/or carry out the removal process, in particu- F GA ionad coinneála lar when: HU őrzött szállás / fogda G IT struttura di trattenimento (a) there is a risk of absconding; or LT sulaikymo centras H LV aizturēšanas telpa (b) the third-country national concerned avoids or MT Ċentru / Faċilità ta’ detenzjoni hampers the preparation of return or the removal pro- I NL detentievoorziening; inrichting voor cess. vreemdelingenbewaring (NL) PL ośrodek detencyjny Sources J PT centro de instalação temporária Global context: derived by EMN from Art. 16 of Direc- RO centru de cazare a străinilor luaţi în custodie tive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) K publică EU return context: Art. 15 (1) of Directive 2008/115/ SK útvar policajného zaistenia pre cudzincov EC (Return Directive) L / ÚPZC / zariadenie určené pre zaistenie Synonym cudzincov M ★★ detention centre SL objekt v katerem se izvaja pridrževanje / omejitev gibanja Broader term N SV förvarsanläggning ★★ detention NO forvaringsleir O Note Where an EU Member State cannot provide accommo- P dation in a specialised detention facility and is obliged to resort to prison accommodation, the third-country Q nationals in detention shall be kept separated from ordinary prisoners. R

S T U V W X Y Z

95 detention standards and conditions

BG Стандарти и условия за задържане Synonyms DCS standardy a podmínky zajištění ★★ conditions of detention DE Haftstandards und -bedingungen ★★ detention conditions EL Πρότυπα και συνθήκες κράτησης ★★ detention guarantees ES Condiciones y garantías de internamiento ★★ detention standards ET kinnipidamisnõuded ja ★★ guarantees for detention -tingimused FI säilöönotto-olosuhteet Broader term FR normes et conditions de rétention ★★ detention GA Related terms HU fogvatartási normák és körülmények IT standard e condizioni del trattenimento ★★ detainee LT sulaikymo standartai ir sąlygos ★★ detention facility LV aizturēšanas standarti un apstākļi Notes MT standards u kundizzjonijiet tad-detenzjoni NL Detentienormen en -voorwaarden / 1. Basic principles related to the treatment of mi- omstandigheden grants in detention were laid down e.g. by the Council PL of Europe’s European Committee on Legal Coopera- tion (CDCJ) in its Codifying instrument of European PT normas e condições de detenção rules on the administrative detention of migrants, May RO 2017 or in the UNHCR Guidelines on the Applicable SK normy a podmienky zaistenia Criteria and Standards relating to the Detention of SL standardi in pogoji za zadrževanje Asylum-Seekers and Alternatives to Detention, 2012. SV normer och villkor för förvar 2. In the EU context, Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Re- NO Vilkår for og standard ved ved forvaring ception Conditions Directive) and Directive 2008/115/ Definition EC (Return Directive) include standards (guarantees) In the context of migration, all basic principles re- and rules (conditions) on the detention of applicants lating to the fundamental rights and treatment of for international protection, ensuring that their migrants held in administrative detention including fundamental rights are respected. the right to legal remedies, the rules of detention 3. Guarantees for detained applicants for interna- procedures, communication with legal advisers, tional protection are laid down in Art. 9 of Directive counsellors and persons representing international 2013/33/EU resp. Art. 15 of Directive 2008/115/EC, and non-governmental organisations, material con- e.g. detention for the shortest period possible and only ditions of accommodation, personal development, as long as the grounds for detention are applicable, access to healthcare and measures to ensure detention must be ordered in writing by judicial or ad- order, safety and the protection of migrants in de- ministrative authorities and access to free legal assis- tention. tance and representation. 4. Art.10 of Directive 2013/33/EU resp. Art. 16 of Di- Sources rective 2008/115/EC refer to conditions of detention. Derived by EMN from Council of Europe, European Detention shall take place in specialised detention Committee on Legal Cooperation (CDCJ): Codifying facilities. Where an EU Member State cannot pro- instrument of European rules on the administrative vide accommodation in a specialised detention facil- detention of migrants, May 2017 ity and is obliged to resort to prison accommodation, and migrants shall be kept separated from ordinary pris- Art. 9, 10 and 11 of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast oners. Applicants in detention shall be systematically Reception Conditions Directive) provided with information on their rights and obliga- and tions in a language which they understand. Art. 15, 16 and 17 of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return 5. According to Art. 11 of Directive 2013/33/EU resp. Directive) Art.17 of Directive 2008/115/EC particular attention shall be paid to the situation of vulnerable persons. and families with minors shall only be detained as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time. ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

96 determining authority A BG решаващ орган Definition B CS rozhodující orgán In the context of international protection, any qua- DE Asylbehörde si-judicial or administrative body in an EU Member C EL αποφαινόμενη αρχή State responsible for examining applications for ES autoridad decisoria de asilo international protection that is competent to take D ET tuvastav asutus decisions at first instance in such cases. FI määrittävä turvapaikkaviranomainen E FR autorité responsable de la détermination Source GA údarás cinntitheach Art. 2(f) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Pro- F HU menedékjog iránti kérelem elbírálásáért cedures Directives) felelős hatóság Synonym G IT autorità responsabile per il riconoscimento ★★ determining asylum authority dello status di rifugiato H LT sprendžiančioji institucija (EU acquis); prašymą Related term nagrinėti ir sprendimą dėl prieglobsčio ★★ case worker in procedures for international I suteikimo priimti įgaliota institucija protection LV (par patvēruma pieteikuma izskatīšanu) atbildīgā iestāde J MT Awtorità għat-teħid ta’ deċiżjonijiet dwar l-ażil NL beslissingsautoriteit inzake internationale K bescherming PL organ rozpatrujący wniosek L PT autoridade responsável pela decisão (asilo) RO autoritatea responsabilă cu examinarea cererii M de azil SK rozhodujúci orgán zodpovedný za N preskúmanie žiadosti o udelenie azylu SL organ odločanja O SV beslutande myndighet NO asylmyndighet (b); asylstyresmakt (n) P

Q R S T U V W X Y Z

97 Dialogue on Mediterranean Transit Migration

DBG Диалог по Средиземно транзитната Definition миграция An inter-regional intergovernmental consultative fo- CS Dialog o středomořské tranzitní migraci rum of migration officials incountries of origin, DE Dialog über Transitmigration im transit and destination along the migration routes Mittelmeerraum in Africa, Europe and the Middle East with a focus on EL ∆ιάλογο για τη µετανάστευση µέσω Μεσογείου irregular and mixed migration, as well as on migra- ES Diálogo sobre la Migración de Tránsito en el tion and development in the Mediterranean region and Mediterráneo beyond, aiming to build common understandings and ET Vahemere transiitrände dialoog to jointly develop evidence-based comprehensive and FI Välimeren kauttakulkumuuttoa koskeva sustainable migration management systems. vuoropuhelu FR Dialogue sur la migration de transit en Source Méditerranée Desciption of Mediterranean Transit Migration (MTM) GA Idirphlé maidir le hImirce Idirthurais trasna na on the website of ICMPD Meánmhara Synonym HU Párbeszéd a Mediterrán Tranzit Migrációról IT Dialogo sulla Migrazione di Transito nel ★★ MTM Mediterraneo Related terms LT Migracijos dialogas Viduržemio jūros regiono ★★ Africa-EU Migration, Mobility and Employment tranzitui Partnership LV Vidusjūras tranzīta migrācijas dialogs ★★ 5+5 Dialogue on Migration in the Western MT Djalogu fuq il-Migrazzjoni ta’ Tranżitu Mediterranean fil‑Mediterran ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility NL dialoog rond transmigratie in het (GAMM) Middellandse Zeegebied ★★ Global Forum on Migration and Development PL Dialog nt. migracji tranzytowych w regionie (GFMD) basenu Morza Śródziemnego PT Diálogo sobre migração de trânsito no Notes Mediterrâneo 1. The MTM Dialogue started in 2002 and involves RO Dialogul cu privire la migraţia de tranzit în numerous partcipants from Arab (APS) and Europe- zona Mediteranei an partner states (EPS) as well as seven international SK Dialóg o tranzitnej migrácii v Stredomorí organisations.The International Centre for Migration SL Dialog o sredozemskih tranzitnih migracijah Policy Development (ICMPD) serves as its secretariat. SV Dialogen om transitmigration i Initially focusing on transit migration, the MTM ex- Medelhavsområdet tended its scope over the years to cover various as- NO Dialogen om transittmigrasjon i Middelhavet pects of migration management in the Mediterranean region and beyond. 2. The Dialogue on Mediterranean Transit Migration is built on two pillars. The first one focuses on enhancing operational cooperation to combat irregular migration or, in other terms, on shorter-term measures to address irregular flows. The second pillar deals with a longer-term perspective by focusing on addressing the root causes of irregular flows through development cooperation and a better joint management of migration. These pillars are used as frameworks for the implementation of specific projects but cross-pillar projects are also put in place.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

98 diaspora A

BG диаспора Definition B CS diaspora Individuals and members of networks, associations DE Diaspora and communities, who have left theircountry of ori- C EL Διασπορά gin, but maintain links with their homelands. ES diáspora D ET diasporaa Source FI diaspora IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd. ed. 2011 E FR diaspora Related term GA diaspóra F HU diaszpóra ★★ circular migration IT diaspora Notes G LT diaspora 1. This concept covers more settled expatriate com- LV diaspora H MT Dijaspora munities, migrant workers based abroad tempo- NL diaspora rarily, expatriates with the nationality of the host dual nationals and second-/third-generation I PL Diaspora country, migrants. PT diáspora It is a general term, with no legal definition, which J RO diaspora 2. can also cover EU Member State nationals (and immi- SK diaspóra grants) who feel strong connections to their origins. SL diaspora K SV diaspora NO diaspora L M

direct discrimination N

BG пряка дискриминация Definition O CS přímá diskriminace A situation in which one person is treated less favour- DE unmittelbare Diskriminierung ably than another is, has been or would be treated in P EL άμεση διάκριση a comparable situation on grounds of racial or ethnic ES discriminación directa origin. Q ET otsene diskrimineerimine FI välitön syrjintä Source R FR discrimination directe Art. 2(2a) of Council Directive 2000/43/EC (Racial GA idirdhealú díreach Equality Directive) S HU közvetlen diszkrimináció Broader term IT discriminazione diretta LT tiesioginė diskriminacija ★★ principle of equal treatment T LV tieša diskriminācija MT Diskriminazzjoni diretta U NL directe discriminatie PL dyskryminacja bezpośrednia V PT discriminação direta RO discriminare directă W SK priama diskriminácia SL neposredna diskriminacija X SV direkt diskriminering NO direkte diskriminering Y

99 displaced person

BG разселено лице Definitions DCS vysídlená osoba In the EU context, a third-country national or DE Vertriebener stateless person who has had to leave their country EL εκτοπισθείς or region of origin, or has been evacuated, particular- ES población desplazada ly in response to an appeal by international organi- ET ümberasustatud isik sations, and is unable to return in safe and durable FI siirtymään joutunut henkilö conditions because of the situation prevailing in that FR personne déplacée country, who may fall within the scope of Art. 1A of GA duine easáitithe the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol or HU lakóhelyét elhagyni kényszerült személy other international or national instruments giving in- IT sfollato ternational protection, in particular: LT perkeltasis asmuo LV pārvietota persona (i) a person who has fled areas of armed conflict or MT Persuna sfollata / maqlugħa minn darha / li endemic violence; kellha tħalli darha NL ontheemde (ii) a person at serious risk of, or who has been the PL osoba przesiedlona victim of, systematic or generalised violations of their PT deslocado human rights. RO persoană strămutată SK vysídlená osoba / vysídlenec (EU acquis); Source odídenec Art. 2(c) of Council Directive 2001/55/EC (Temporary SL razseljena oseba Protection Directive) SV fördriven person Broader term NO fordrevet person (b); fordriven person (n) ★★ forced migrant Narrower terms ★★ environmentally displaced person ★★ internally displaced person Related terms ★★ (civil) war refugee ★★ de facto refugee ★★ displacement ★★ refugee

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

100 displacement A

BG Разселване Definitions B CS vysídlení In the global context, the forced removal of a person DE Vertreibung from their home or country, often due to armed con- C EL εκτόπιση/ εκτοπισμός ficts or natural disaster. ES Desplazamiento D ET sundränne In the EU context, the forced removal or the evacu- FI kotiseudultaan siirtymään joutuminen ation, particularly in response to an appeal by inter- E FR déplacement national organisations, of a third-country national GA easáitiú or stateless person from their country or region of F HU lakhelyelhagyás / lakóhely elhagyása origin, who is unable to return in safe and durable IT Sfollamento conditions because of the situation prevailing in that G LT perkėlimas country, who may fall within the scope of Art. 1A of LV pārvietošana the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol or H MT spostament other international or national instruments giving in- NL verplaatsing / ternational protection, in particular: I ontheemding / verdrijving PL przesiedlenie (i) a person who has fled areas of armed conflict or J PT deslocação endemic violence; RO SK vysídlenie (ii) a person at serious risk of, or who has been the K SL razselitev victim of, systematic or generalised violations of their SV fördrivning human rights. L NO fordrivelse (b); fordriving (n) Sources M global context: IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed. 2011 N EU-context: derived by EMN from Art. 2(c) of Council Directive 2001/55/EC (Temporary Protection Direc- O tive) Broader term P ★★ forced migration Q Narrower term ★★ environmentally displaced person R Related term ★★ temporary protection S T

U V W X Y Z

101 distribution key

BG Разпределителен ключ Definition DCS distribuční klíč The method used to determine the acceptance quota DE Verteilungsschlüssel and to allocate applicants for international pro- EL κλείδα κατανομής tection to different regions of a country or different ES Clave de distribución EU Member States on the basis of criteria such as rel- ET jaotuskvoot ative size of the region / EU Member State, population FI EU-jäsenvaltioiden välinen density, wealth and absorption capacities. turvapaikanhakijoiden jakoperuste / EU:n taakanjaon määrittämisperusteet Source FR clé de Derived by EMN from the description of 'distribution répartition key' in COM (2016)197 final GA eochair dáileacháin Synonym HU elosztási kulcs IT Chiave di distribuzione ★★ distribution of applicants for international protection LT paskirstymo raktas LV sadales koeficients MT gwida għat-tqassim NL verdeelsleutel PL kryteria rozproszenia PT chave de distribuição/repartição RO SK distribučný kľúč SL razdelitveni ključ SV fördelningsnyckel NO fordelingsnøkkel

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

102 dual citizenship A

BG двойно гражданство Definition B CS dvojí občanství The simultaneous possession of two or more citizen- DE doppelte Staatsangehörigkeit / doppelte ships by the same person. C Staatsbürgerschaft / Doppelstaatigkeit EL διπλή ιθαγένεια Source D ES doble nacionalidad Derived by EMN from Art. 2b of the European Conven- ET topeltkodakondsus tion on Nationality E FI monikansalaisuus Synonyms FR double nationalité F GA déshaoránacht ★★ multiple citizenship ★★ multiple nationality HU állampolgárság (többes) G IT doppia cittadinanza Broader term LT kelių valstybių pilietybė ★★ citizenship H LV dubultā pilsonība MT Ċittadinanza doppja I NL meervoudige nationaliteit / meervoudig staatsburgerschap PL podwójne obywatelstwo J PT dupla nacionalidade RO cetatenie dubla / multipla K SK dvojité štátne občianstvo / dvojitá štátna príslušnosť (dual citizenship) / viacnásobné L štátne občianstvo / viacnásobná štátna príslušnosť (multiple citizenship) M SL dvojno državljanstvo SV dubbelt medborgarskap N NO dobbelt statsborgerskap (b); dobbel statsborgarskap (n) O

P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

103 Dublin Convention

BG Дъблинска конвенция Definition DCS Dublinská úmluva Convention determining the EU Member State re- DE Dubliner Übereinkommen sponsible for examining an application for asylum EL Σύμβαση του Δουβλίνου lodged in one of the EU Member States. ES Convenio de Dublín ET Dublini konventsioon Source FI Dublinin yleissopimus Dublin Convention FR Convention de Dublin GA Coinbhinsiún Bhaile Átha Cliath Related terms HU Dublini Egyezmény ★★ Dublin procedure IT Convenzione di Dublino ★★ Dublin Regulation LT Dublino konvencija ★★ Dublin transfer ★★ LV Dublinas konvencija Eurodac ★★ MT Konvenzjoni (Il-) ta’ Dublin transfer order NL Overeenkomst van Dublin Notes PL Konwencja Dublińska The Dublin Convention was signed in Dublin, Ireland PT Convenção de Dublin 1. on 15 June 1990, and first came into force on 1 Sep- RO Convenția Dublin tember 1997 for the first 12 signatories. The Treaty SK Dublinský dohovor has been extended to other EU Member States and SL Dublinska konvencija some countries outside the European Union. SV Dublinkonventionen 2. The Dublin Convention was replaced by Council NO Dublin-konvensjonen Regulation No 343/2003 (Dublin II regulation). Its validity ended on 16 March 2003.

Dublin procedure

BG Дъблинска процедура / процедура Definition за определяне на държавата членка, The process of determining the EU Member State re- компетентна за разглеждането на молба за sponsible for examining an application for interna- международна закрила tional protection lodged in one of the EU Member CS dublinské řízení States by a third-country national under Regulation DE Dublin-Verfahren (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation). EL διαδικασία του Δουβλίνου ES Procedimiento de Dublin Source ET Dublini menetlus Derived by EMN from Art. 20 of Regulation (EU) No FI Dublin-menettely 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) FR procédure de Dublin GA nós imeachta Bhaile Átha Cliath Related terms HU Dublini eljárás ★★ Dublin Convention IT procedura Dublino ★★ Dublin Regulation LT procedūra pagal Dublino reglamentą ★★ Dublin transfer ★★ LV Dublinas procedūra Eurodac ★★ MT Proċedura (Il-) ta’ Dublin transfer order NL Dublinprocedure PL procedura dublińska PT procedimento de Dublin RO procedura Dublin SK dublinské konanie SL Dublinski postopek SV Dublinprocess

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION NO Dublin-prosedyren

104 Dublin Regulation A

BG Регламент Дъблин Definition B CS Dublinské nařízení Regulation which lays down the criteria and mecha- DE Dublin-Verordnung nisms for determining the EU Member State responsi- C EL Κανονισμός του Δουβλίνου ble for examining an application for international ES Reglamento de Dublín protection lodged in one of the Member States by a D ET Dublini määrus third-country national or a stateless person. FI Dublin-asetus E FR règlement Dublin Source GA Rialachán Bhaile Átha Cliath Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) F HU dublini rendelet Related terms IT Regolamento di Dublino G LT Dublino reglamentas ★★ asylum shopping ★★ LV Dublinas regula Dublin Convention ★★ H MT Regolament (Ir-) ta’ Dublin Dublin procedure ★★ Dublin transfer NL Dublinverordening ★★ Eurodac I PL Rozporządzenie Dublińskie ★★ transfer order PT Regulamento de Dublin J RO Regulamentul Dublin SK Dublinské nariadenie SL Dublinska Uredba K SV Dublinförordningen NO Dublin-forordningen (b); Dublin-forordninga (n) L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

105 Dublin transfer

BG Трансфер по Дъблин / прехвърляне Definitions D съгласно Регламента Дъблин 1. The transfer of responsibility for the examination CS transfer podle Dublinského nařízení of the merits of an application for international DE Übertragung der Zuständigkeit; Dublin- protection from one EU Member State to another EU Überstellung Member State EL μεταφορά στο πλαίσιο του Κανονισμού του Δουβλίνου 2. The (physical) transfer of an applicant to the EU ES Decisión de traslado según el procedimiento Member State who is considered to be responsible de Dublín for examining the merits of an application following a ET Dublini üleandmine Dublin procedure. FI Dublinin asetuksen mukainen siirto FR transfert Dublin Sources GA aistriú Bhaile Átha Cliath (a) Derived by EMN from Art. 17(2) and 19(1) of Regu- HU dublini transzfer lation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) IT trasferimento degli obblighi dello Stato (b) Derived by EMN from Art. 29 of Regulation (EU) No competente nella procedura Dublino 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) LT perdavimas pagal Dublino reglamentą Narrower term LV personas pārsūtīšana Dublinas regulas ★★ ietvaros transfer order MT Trasferiment skont il-proċedura ta’ Dublin Related terms NL Dublinoverdracht ★★ Dublin Convention PL przekazanie dublińskie ★★ Dublin procedure PT transferência ao abrigo do Regulamento de ★★ Dublin Regulation Dublin RO Notes SK dublinský transfer 1. The determination of the EU Member State respon- SL Dublinski transfer / Dublinski prenos sible for examining an application for international SV Dublinöverföring protection is done on the basis of objective and hier- NO Dublin-overføring (av ansvar) archical criteria, as laid out in Chapter III of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) . 2. For more information on the Dublin Regulation, see the description of policy on the examination of applications for asylum on the DG HOME website.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

106 durable solutions A

BG трайни решения Definition B CS trvalé řešení Any means by which the situation of refugees can DE dauerhafte Lösung be satisfactorily and permanently resolved to enable C EL βιώσιμες λύσεις them to live normal lives. ES soluciones duraderas D ET püsivad lahendused Source FI kestävät ratkaisut UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms E FR solutions durables Related term GA buanréitigh; réitigh mharthanacha (uatha: F buanréiteach; réiteach marthanach) ★★ resettlement HU a fenntarthatóságot szolgáló intézkedések Note G IT soluzioni durevoli The United Nations High Commissioner for Refu- LT ilgalaikiai sprendimai H LV ilgtspējīgi risinājumi gees (UNHCR) traditionally pursues the durable solutions of voluntary repatriation, local integration MT Soluzzjonijiet dewwiema / li jibqgħu fis-seħħ I NL duurzame oplossing and resettlement. PL trwałe rozwiązania PT soluções duradouras J RO solutii durabile SK trvalé riešenia / trvácne riešenia (depending K on the context) SL trajne rešitve L SV hållbara lösningar NO varige løsninger (b); varige løysingar (n) M N

O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

107 Eastern Partnership (EAP)

BG Източно партньорство Definition E CS Východní partnerství An institutionalised forum for EU cooperation with its DE Östliche Partnerschaft Eastern neighbours whose main goal is to create the EL Aνατολική Εταιρική Σχέση necessary conditions to accelerate political associa- ES Asociación Oriental tion and further economic integration. ET idapartnerlus FI itäinen kumppanuus Source FR Partenariat oriental Description of the Eastern Partnership on the Website GA Comhpháirtíocht an Oirthir of the European Union External Action HU Keleti Partnerség Synonyms IT Partenariato Orientale ★★ EAP LT Rytų partnerystė ★★ Söderköping Process LV Austrumu partnerība MT Sħubija mal-Lvant Broader term NL Oostelijk Partnerschap ★★ European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) PL Partnerstwo Wschodnie PT Parceria Oriental Related terms RO Parteneriatul Estic ★★ Black Sea Synergy SK Východné partnerstvo ★★ Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EUROMED) SL Vzhodno partnerstvo SV östliga partnerskapet Notes NO Det østlige partnerskapet (b); Det austlege 1. Within the context of the Eastern Partnership Plat- partnarskapet (n) form 1 (democracy, good governance and stability), the Eastern Partnership Panel on Migration and Asy- lum (EaP) was created in 2011. The overall objective of the Panel is to strengthen the asylum and migration systems of Eastern partners and advance the dialogue on migration and asylum issues between the Eastern partners and the EU, as well as amongst the Eastern partners. 2. The precursor of the EaP was the Söderköping Pro- cess, which was launched in May 2001 as a cross-border cooperation on asylum and migration in order to respond to new challenges due to the EU’s enlarge- ment eastwards. With the establishment of the Panel on Migration and Asylum within the Eastern Partner- ship’s Platform 1, the work of the Söderköping Process is being carried on within the multilateral dimension of the Eastern Partnership. 3. For more information, see the website of the EAP.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

108 economic migrant A

BG иконимически мигрант Definition B CS ekonomický migrant A person who leaves their country of origin purely DE Migrant aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen / for economic reasons that are not in any way related C Wirtschaftsmigrant to the refugee definition, in order to seek material EL οικονομικός μετανάστης improvements in their livelihood. D ES persona migrante por motivos económicos ET majandusmigrant Source E FI taloudellisten syiden vuoksi muuttava henkilö UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms FR migrant économique F GA imirceach eacnamaíoch Synonym ★★ economic refugee HU gazdasági migráns G IT migrante economico Broader term LT ekonominis migrantas ★★ migrant H LV ekonomiskais migrants MT Migrant(a) għal raġunijiet ekonomiċi Narrower terms I NL economische migrant ★★ guest worker PL migrant ekonomiczny ★★ migrant worker J PT migrante económico Related terms RO migrant economic ★★ economic migration SK K ekonomický migrant ★★ managed migration SL ekonomski migrant SV ekonomisk migrant Notes L NO økonomisk migrant 1. Economic migrants do not fall within the criteria for M refugee status and are therefore not entitled to benefit frominternational protection as refugees. N 2. Economic migrants are sometimes referred to as economic refugees, but this is a misuse of the term 'refugee'. O P

Q R S T U V W X Y Z

109 economic migration

BG икономическа миграция Definition E CS ekonomická migrace Migration mainly for economic reasons or in order to DE Wirtschaftsmigration / Migration aus seek material improvements to livelihood. wirtschaftlichen Gründen EL οικονομική μετανάστευση Source ES migración económica Derived by EMN from the definition of economic mi- ET majandusränne grant in the UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms FI taloudellisista syistä tapahtuva maahanmuutto Broader term FR migration économique ★★ migration GA imirce eacnamaíoch Narrower term HU gazdasági (célú) migráció ★★ labour migration IT migrazione economica LT ekonominė migracija Related terms LV ekonomiskā migrācija ★★ economic migrant MT Migrazzjoni għal raġunijiet ekonomiċi ★★ forced migration NL economische migratie ★★ managed migration PL migracja ekonomiczna PT migração económica RO migraţie economică SK ekonomická migrácia SL ekonomska migracija SV ekonomisk migration NO økonomisk migrasjon

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

110 emergency response system A

BG система за реакция при кризи Definition B CS systém reakce na mimořádné události Provisional measures in the event of EU Member DE Notfallsystem; Notfallklausel (EU acquis) State(s) being confronted with an emergency situa- C EL σύστημα απόκρισης σε καταστάσεις έκτακτης tion characterised by a sudden inflow ofthird-coun - ανάγκης try nationals including a distribution mechanism for D ES Sistema de respuesta de emergencia asylum seekers in clear need of international pro- ET hädaolukordadele reageerimise süsteem tection to ensure a fair and balanced participation of E FI hätäapujärjestelmä all EU Member States. FR mécanisme d'intervention d'urgence F GA córas freagartha éigeandála Sources HU válságreagálási mechanizmus Derived by EMN from Art. 78(3) TFEU and G IT sistema di risposta all’emergenza the European Agenda on Migration: Glossary, facts LT skubaus atsako sistema and figures H LV ārkārtas reaģēšanas sistēma Synonym MT sistema ta' rispons għal emerġenza ★★ emergency relocation I NL noodmaatregelmechanisme PL mechanizm interwencji kryzysowej Narrower terms J PT mecanismo de recolocação de emergência ★★ contingency plan RO ★★ emergency relocation plan SK systém núdzovej pripravenosti K Related term SL Sistem odzivanja na izredne razmere SV nödsituationssystem ★★ relocation L NO nødinnsatssystem Notes M 1. These provisional measures are envisaged under Art.78 (3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the Eu- N ropean Union. 2. Under the distribution mechanism the receiving EU O Member State will be responsible for the examination of an application for international protec- P tion in accordance with established rules and guarantees. The EU Commission has defined a redistribution Q key based on criteria such as GDP, size of population, unemployment rate and past numbers of asylum seekers. R 3. The European Asylum Support Office (EASO) uses the term ‘contingency plan’ to refer to national S plans detailing special measures to be taken in the event of a mass influx of migrants. This may be T limited to the national asylum system or to migrants more generally. U 4. Art. 33 of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) provides for two types of Member State V emergency responses: “preventative action plans”, which should be operationalised when particular pres- W sure on a Member State’s asylum system and/or problems in its functioning may jeopardise the application X of the Dublin Regulation, and 'crisis management action plans', which should be operationalised if the 'pre- Y ventative action plan' does not remedy the problem. Z

111 emigrant

BG емигрант Definitions E CS vystěhovalec / In the global context, a resident (national or alien) de- emigrant parting or exiting from one State intending to remain DE Abwanderer / Auswanderer / Emigrant abroad for a period exceeding one year. EL απόδημος / εξερχόμενος μετανάστης ES emigrante In the EU context, a person who, having previously ET väljarändaja been usually resident in the territory of an EU Member FI maastamuuttaja State, ceases to have their usual residence in that FR émigrant EU Member State for a period that is, or is expected to GA eisimirceach be, of at least 12 months. HU emigráns IT emigrante Sources LT emigrantas Global context: UN Recommendations on Statistics of LV emigrants International Migration MT Emigrant(a) EU context: Art. 2(c) and (g) of Regulation (EC) No NL emigrant 862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation) PL emigrant Broader term PT emigrante ★★ migrant RO emigrant SK vysťahovalec / emigrant Related terms SL izseljenec /emigrant ★★ immigrant SV utvandrare ★★ emigration NO utvandrer ★★ short-term migrant Note National legislation might understand different time limits in their definitions.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

112 emigration A

BG емиграция Definitions B CS vystěhovalectví / In the global context, the act of departing or exiting emigrace from one State with the intention to remain abroad for C DE Abwanderung / Auswanderung / Emigration a period exceeding one year. EL αποδημία / μετανάστευση D ES emigración In the EU context, the action by which a person, having ET väljaränne previously been usually resident in the territory of an E FI maastamuutto EU Member State, ceases to have their usual resi- FR émigration dence in that EU Member State or another EU Mem- F GA eisimirce ber State for a period that is, or is expected t HU emigráció/ kivándorlás G IT emigrazione Sources LT emigracija Global context: UN Recommendations on Statistics of H LV emigrācija International Migration EU context: Art. 2(c) and (g) of Regulation (EC) No MT Emigrazzjoni I NL emigratie 862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation) PL emigracja Broader term PT emigração J ★★ migration RO emigraţie SK vysťahovalectvo / emigrácia Related terms K SL izselitev /emigracija ★★ emigrant L SV utvandring ★★ immigration NO utvandring M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

113 employee

BG работник Definition E CS zaměstnanec Worker holding an explicit or implicit employment con- DE Arbeitnehmer tract, which gives them a basic remuneration that is EL εργαζόμενος / υπάλληλος not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit ES empleado for which they work. ET töötaja FI työntekijä Source FR salarié ILO Thesaurus, 6th ed., 2008 GA fostaí Related terms HU alkalmazott / munkavállaló IT lavoratore dipendente ★★ employer LT darbuotojas ★★ employment ★★ LV darba ņēmējs / darbinieks self-employed person MT Impjegat(a) NL werknemer PL pracownik PT empregado RO angajat SK zamestnanec SL zaposleni / delavec SV anställd NO ansatt (b); tilsett (n)

employer

BG работодател Definition CS zaměstnavatel Any natural person or any legal entity, including tem- DE Arbeitgeber porary work agencies, for or under the direction and/or EL εργοδότης supervision of whom the employment is undertaken. ES empleador ET tööandja Source FI työnantaja Art. 2(e) of Council Directive 2009/52/EC (Employer FR employeur Sanctions Directive) GA fostóir Related terms HU munkáltató IT datore di lavoro ★★ employee LT darbdavys ★★ employment ★★ LV darba devējs self-employed person MT Min iħaddem / Min jimpjega NL werkgever PL pracodawca PT empregador RO angajator SK zamestnávateľ SL delodajalec SV arbetsgivare NO arbeidsgiver (b); arbeidsgjevar (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

114 employer sanction A

BG санкция на работодателя Definition B CS sankce vůči zaměstnavateli In the migration context, penalties, including fines, DE Arbeitgebersanktion / Sanktion gegen einen repayments to victims/the State and incarceration, C Arbeitgeber imposed on employers by the EU Member State for EL κύρωση κατά των εργοδοτών breaking employment and/or migration rules. D ES sanción al empleador ET sanktsioonid tööandjale Source E FI työnantajalle määrättävä seuraamus Derived by EMN from Art. 5 and 7 of Council Directive FR sanction à l’encontre d’un employeur 2009/52/EC (Employers Sanctions Directive) F GA smachtbhanna in aghaidh fostóra Related term HU munkáltatók elleni szankciók G IT sanzione nei confronti del datore di lavoro ★★ illegal employment of an illegally staying third-country national LT sankcijos darbdaviui H LV darba devējam piemērojamās sankcijas MT Sanzjoni fuq min iħaddem / jimpjega I NL sancties tegen werkgevers PL sankcja wobec pracodawcy PT sanção aplicada ao empregador J RO sancţiune aplicată angajatorului SK sankcie voči zamestnávateľovi K SL sankcije zoper delodajalca SV sanktion mot arbetsgivare L NO sanksjon mot arbeidsgiver (b); sanksjon mot arbeidsgjevar (n) M N

O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

115 employment

BG заетост Definition E CS zaměstnání The exercise of activities covering whatever form of DE Beschäftigung labour or work regulated under national law or in ac- EL απασχόληση / εργασία cordance with established practice for or under the ES empleo direction and/or supervision of an employer. ET töötamine FI työnteko Source FR emploi Art. 2 (c) of Council Directive 2009/52/EC (Employer GA fostaíocht Sanctions Directive) HU foglalkoztatás Related terms IT lavoro / impiego LT darbas ★★ employee ★★ LV nodarbinātība employer ★★ MT Impjieg occupation NL tewerkstelling PL zatrudnienie PT emprego RO angajare SK zamestnanie SL zaposlitev SV anställning NO sysselsetting (b); sysselsetjing (n)

enforcement measure

BG принудителна мярка Definition CS výkon rozhodnutí / Any measure taken by the enforcing EU Member State výkonné opatření with a view to implementing an expulsion decision. DE Vollstreckungsmaßnahme EL εκτελεστικό μέτρο Source ES medida de ejecución Art. 2(c) of Council Directive 2001/40/EC (Expulsion ET sunnimeede Directive) FI täytäntöönpanotoimenpide FR mesure d’exécution Related terms GA beart forfheidhmiúcháin ★★ expulsion HU végrehajtási intézkedés ★★ expulsion decision IT misura di esecuzione ★★ return decision LT vykdymo priemonė Note LV izpildes pasākums MT Miżura ta’ infurzar In IE and UK, this phrase is used in a more global NL uitvoeringsmaatregel sense for all forms of removal. For example, for UK, this refers to any action that is taken to enable the PL środek wykonawczy implementation of the immigration law. PT medida de execução RO măsură de aplicare SK vykonávacie opatrenie SL ukrep za uveljavitev / ukrep za izvršitev SV verkställighetsåtgärd NO iverksettelsestiltak (b); iverksetjingstiltak (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

116 entry ban A

BG забрана за влизане Definition B CS zákaz vstupu An administrative or judicial decision or act prohibiting DE Einreiseverbot entry into and stay in the territory of the EU Member C EL απαγόρευση εισόδου States for a specified period, accompanying areturn ES prohibición de entrada decision. D ET sissesõidukeeld FI maahantulokielto Source E FR interdiction d’entrée (acquis UE, BE, LU) ; Art. 3(6) of Council Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Di- interdiction de retour sur le territoire (FR) rective) F GA toirmeasc ar iontráil Synonym HU beutazási tilalom G IT divieto di ingresso ★★ re-entry ban LT draudimas atvykti H LV ieceļošanas aizliegums MT Dħul miżmum // Inibizzjoni fuq id-dħul I NL inreisverbod PL zakaz wjazdu PT interdição de entrada J RO interdicţie de intrare SK zákaz vstupu K SL prepoved vstopa SV inreseförbud L NO innreiseforbud (b); innreiseforbod (n) M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

117 Entry/Exit System (EES)

BG Система вход/ изход Definition E CS Systém vstupu / výstupu System which registers entry and exit data and refus- DE Einreise-/Ausreisesystem al of entry data of third-country nationals crossing EL σύστημα εισόδου/εξόδου the external borders of the Schengen States. ES Sistema de Entradas y Salidas ET riiki sisenemise ja riigist lahkumise süsteem Source FI rajanylitystietojärjestelmä Derived by EMN from Regulation (EU) 2017/2226 FR système d’entrée / sortie (Regulation establishing an Entry/Exit System (EES)) GA Córas dul isteach / imeachta Synonym HU határregisztrációs rendszer IT Sistema di ingres-si/uscite ★★ EES LT Atvykimo ir išvykimo sistema Broader term LV ieceļošanas/izceļošanas sistēma ★★ Smart Borders Package MT Sistema ta’ Dħul/Ħruġ NL inreis-uitreissysteem Related term PL ★★ European Travel Information and Authoriza- PT Sistema de Entrada/Saída tion System (ETIAS) RO SK systém vstupu/výstupu Notes SL Sistem vstopa/izstopa 1. The EES aims to improve the management of ex- SV in- och utresesystem ternal borders, to reduce irregular migration by ad- NO ankomst-/avreisesystem (b); dressing the phenomenon of overstaying, and to facil- innkomst-/avreisesystem (n) itate the management of migration flows. In addition, it aims to contribute to the fight against terrorism and serious crime and to ensure a high level of internal security. 2. The EES applies to third-country nationals, both those requiring a visa and those visa-exempt, admitted for a short stay of 90 days in any 180-day period. It also applies to those that have been refused entry. It stores information on their identity and on their travel documents, as well as certain biometric data. 3. The Regulation determines the conditions of access to the system for law enforcement purposes. The information stored in the EES is accessible to border authorities, visa authorities and the authorities within the Schengen Member States competent to check if a third-country national fulfils the conditions of entry or stay. The data are also available to the designated authorities and Europol, to prevent, detect and inves- tigate terrorist offences or other serious crimes, according to conditions as set out in the regulation.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

118 environmentally displaced person A

BG разселено лице по екологични причини Definition B CS environmentální uprchlík A person subject to forced migration as a result of DE Umweltvertriebener sudden, drastic environmental changes. C EL εκτοπισμένο άτομο για περιβαλλοντικούς λόγους Source D ES población desplazada por motivos Derived by EMN from the definition for ‘environmental medioambientales refugee’ in the UNHCR International Thesaurus of Ref- E ET keskkonnapõhjustel ümberasustatud isik ugee Terminology FI ympäristötekijöiden vuoksi siirtymään F joutunut Synonyms ★★ environmental refugee FR personne déplacée pour des raisons G environnementales ★★ environmentally-driven migrant GA duine easáitithe de dheasca dálaí comhshaoil Broader term H HU lakóhelyét környezeti okból elhagyni ★★ displaced person kényszerült személy IT sfollato per motivi ambientali Related term I LT perkeltasis asmuo dėl ekologinių priežasčių ★★ internally displaced person LV vides faktoru ietekmē pārvietota persona J MT Persuna sfollata għal raġunijiet ambjentali Note NL door milieufactoren verdreven ontheemde Environmentally displaced persons are sometimes K (not commonly used in NL, BE) referred to as environmental refugees, but this is a PL osoba przesiedlona z powodu środowiska misuse of the term 'refugee' as they are not refugees L naturalnego in the strict sense of Art. 1A of the Geneva Refugee PT deslocado ambiental Convention and Protocol, although their migration M RO persoană strămutată din cauze legate de is forced. mediul înconjurător N SK osoba vysídlená z environmentálnych dôvodov SL okoljsko razseljena oseba O SV person som fördrivits på grund av miljökatastrof P NO person fordrevet på grunn av miljøskader (b); person fordriven på grunn av miljøskadar (n) Q

R S T U V W X Y Z

119 establishment of identity

BG установяване на самоличност Narrower terms E CS určení totožnosti ★★ age assessment DE Identitätsfeststellung ★★ identification EL εξακρίβωση της ταυτότητας ★★ identity-verification ES Determinación de la identidad ★★ language analysis for the determination of or- ET isiku tuvastamine / isikusamasuse igin (LADO) tuvastamine FI henkilöllisyyden selvittäminen Notes FR établissement de l’identité 1. As there is no universally agreed definition of iden- GA aitheantas daoine faoi chosaint idirnaisiúnta tity and no legal definition common to all EU Member a dhearbhú States, most EU Member States use practical defini- HU személyazonosság megállapítása tions which at the minimum establish the first name, IT Determinazione dell'identità surname, sex, date of birth and nationality of the ap- LT asmens tapatybės nustatymas plicant. LV identitātes noteikšana 2. This definition covers all procedures for which the MT affermazzjoni tal-identità establishment of identity is relevant (such as legal NL identiteitsvaststelling migration, visa, border control, internation- PL ustalenie tożsamości wnioskującego o al protection, return, residence and work permits, udzielenie ochrony międzynarodowej family reunification and naturalisation). PT estabelecimento de identidade 3. The tools used for the establishment of identity are, RO e.g. physical-technical examinations of the documents SK zisťovanie totožnosti / zisťovanie identity presented, investigations in the country of origin via SL ugotavljanje istovestnosti (identitete) the embassies, DNA test, retinal scanning, taking of SV fastställande av identitet finger prints,language analysis for the determi- NO fastsettelse av identiteten (b); nation of origin and age assessment. fastsetjing av identiteten (n) 4. Identification: The identification procedure/system aims to answer the question: “Who is this person?” Definition Biometric identification systems are characterised as Process which is commonly carried out for identifi- 1-to-n matching systems where n is the total number cation and identity-verification purposes in different of biometrics in the database against which the per- procedures on the basis of a review of documentary son’s biometric characteristics are checked. Identifica- evidence, but which makes use of different proce- tion procedures and systems (e.g. biometric systems) dures and methods when documentary evidence are different from identity verification systems in that maybe inauthentic, inadequate, insufficient or ab- they seek to identify an unknown person or biometric. sent. 5. Identity verification: Identity verification procedures and systems seek to answer the question: “Is this Sources person who they say they are?” Biometric verification Derived by EMN on the basis of the EMN Focussed systems are generally described as 1-to-1 matching Study: Establishing Identity for International Protec- systems because they try to match the biometric pre- tion: Challenges and Practices, 2013 sented by the individual against a specific biometric and already on file. EMN Focussed Study: Challenges and practices for 6. The EMN Study 'Challenges and practices for es- establishing applicants’ identity in the migration pro- tablishing applicants’ identity in the migration process, cess, 2017. 2017' examines (EU Member) States approaches to establish the identity of Synonyms third-country nationals within the migration process in a broad sense, cover- ★★ establishment of identity for international protec- ing both identification and identity-verification related tion tasks. ★★ establishment of identity of individuals in international protection procedures ★★ origin verification

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

120 ethnic cleansing A

BG етничеко прочистване Definition B CS etnická čistka Rendering an area ethnically homogeneous by using DE ethnische Säuberung force or intimidation to remove from a given area C EL εθνική εκκαθάριση / εθνοκάθαρση persons of another ethnic or religious group, which is ES limpieza étnica contrary to international law. D ET etniline puhastus FI etninen puhdistus Source E FR nettoyage ethnique UN Security Council: Final Report of the Commission GA glanadh eitneach of Experts established Pursuant to Security Council F HU etnikai tisztogatás Resolution 780 (1992) IT pulizia etnica Related term G LT etninis valymas ★★ genocide LV etniskā tīrīšana H MT Tindif etniku Notes NL etnische zuivering referred I PL czystki etniczne 1. General Assembly resolution 47/121 in its Preamble to ‘the abhorrent policy of “ethnic PT limpeza étnica cleansing”’. J RO purificare etnică 2. Trial Chamber Judgment of 2 August 2001 of the SK etnické čistky International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugo- SL etnično čiščenje K slavia (ICTY) has observed, while ‘there are obvious SV etnisk rensning similarities between a genocidal policy and the policy NO etnisk rensing (b); etnisk reinsing (n) L commonly known as “ethnic cleansing”’, yet ‘a clear distinction must be drawn between physical destruc- M tion and mere dissolution of a group. The expulsion of a group or part of a group does not in itself suffice N for genocide’. 3. These legal documents thus state that crimes com- O mitted during an ethnic cleansing are similar to those of genocide, but while genocide includes an intent at complete or partial destruction of the target group, P ethnic cleansing may involve murder only to the point of mobilising the target group out of the territory. Q Hence, there may be varied degrees of mass murder in an ethnic cleansing, often subsiding when the tar- R get group appears to be leaving the desired territory, while during genocide the mass murder is ubiquitous S and constant throughout the process, continuing even while the target group tries to flee. T U

V W X Y Z

121 ethnic nationality

BG етническа националност Definition E CS národnost A synonym of ethnicity or nationality, used in some EU DE ethnische Zugehörigkeit Member States in addition to citizenship. EL εθνοτική καταγωγή ES origen étnico Source ET rahvus Towards Harmonised European Statistics on Interna- FI etninen tausta tional Migration (THESIM) project FR origine ethnique GA náisiúntacht eitneach Synonyms HU nemzetiség ★★ ethnicity IT nazionalità etnica ★★ nationality LT tautybė / etninė kilmė Related terms LV tautība ★★ citizenship MT Nazzjonalità etnika ★★ minority NL etniciteit / etnische achtergrond / etnische afkomst Notes PL narodowość etniczna 1. Ethnic nationality is often a self-declared adhesion PT origem étnica to a specific ethnic group and this information is col- RO naţionalitate/ origine etnică lected at a census but also sometimes in administra- SK národnosť tive registration. SL nacionalna pripadnost / etnična pripadnost 2. This concept should not be confused with citizen- SV tillhörighet till etnisk grupp ship. NO etnisk tilhørighet (b); etnisk tilhøyrsle (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

122 EU acquis A

BG право на Общността EC Definitions B CS EU acquis The body of common rights and obligations that is DE EU-Besitzstand binding on all EU Member States and that is constant- C EL κεκτημένο της ΕΕ ly evolving, which comprises: ES acervo comunitario D ET Euroopa Liidu õigustik - the content, principles and political objectives of the FI EU:n säännöstö Treaties; E FR acquis communautaire GA acquis (fágtha sa Laidin Fhraincis i - legislation adopted pursuant to the Treaties and the F leaganacha Gaeilge de reachtaíocht na case law of the Court of Justice of the European hEorpa) Union (CFEU); G HU EU Közösségi vívmányok IT acquis UE - declarations and resolutions adopted by the Euro- H LT ES acquis pean Union; LV ES acquis I MT Acquis (L-) Komunitarju - instruments under the Common Foreign and Security NL EU-aquis / Gemeenschapsrecht Policy; PL acquis UE J PT Acervo da União - instruments under Justice and Home Affairs; RO acquis a UE K SK právo Európskej únie / právo EÚ / acquis EÚ / - international agreements concluded by the European súbor právnych predpisov EÚ Union and those entered into by its Member States L SL acquis EU among themselves within the sphere of the Union’s SV unionens regelverk activities. M NO EU-rettsregler (b); EU-rettsreglar (n) Source N DG Home e-Library Glossary Synonym O ★★ acquis P Narrower term ★★ asylum acquis Q Note R The term is used in the context of asylum and migration and refers to all rights and obligations that are binding on EU Member States with regard to asylum S and migration. T U V W X Y Z

123 EU Blue Card

BG синя карта на ЕС Definition E CS modrá karta EU The authorisation bearing the term EU Blue Card enti- DE Blaue Karte EU tling its holder to reside and work in the territory of a EL μπλε κάρτα της Ε.Ε. EU Member State under the terms of Council Directive ES tarjeta azul UE 2009/50/EC (Blue Card Directive). ET Euroopa Liidu sinine kaart FI EU:n sininen kortti Source FR carte bleue européenne Art. 2(c) of Council Directive 2009/50/EC (Blue Card GA cárta gorm an AE Directive) HU EU kék kártya Narrower term IT Carta blu UE LT ES mėlynoji kortelė ★★ EU Blue Card holder LV ES zilā karte Related terms MT Karta (Il-) Blu tal-UE ★★ highly qualified employment NL Europese blauwe kaart / EU Blue Card ★★ highly qualified migrant PL Niebieska Karta UE ★★ residence permit PT cartão azul UE RO Cartea Albastră a UE SK modrá karta Európskej únie / modrá karta EÚ SL modra karta EU SV EU-blåkort NO EU-blåkort

EU Blue Card holder

BG притежател на синя карта на ЕС Definition CS držitel modré karty EU A third-country national who has acquired the au- DE Inhaber einer Blauen Karte EU thorisation bearing the term ‘EU Blue Card’ entitling EL κάτοχος μπλε κάρτας της ΕΕ them to reside and work in the territory of a Member ES titular de la tarjeta azul UE State under the terms of Council Directive 2009/50/EC ET Euroopa Liidu sinise kaardi omanik (Blue Card Directive). FI EU:n sinisen kortin haltija FR titulaire d’une carte bleue européenne Source GA sealbhóir chárta gorm an AE Derived by EMN from Art. 2(c) of Council Directive HU EU kék kártya tulajdonos 2009/50/EC (Blue Card Directive) IT titolare di Carta blu UE Broader term LT ES mėlynosios kortelės turėtojas ★★ LV ES zilās kartes turētājs EU Blue Card MT Portatur(-triċ) (Il-) tal-Karta Blu tal-UE Related term NL houder van een Europese blauwe kaart ★★ highly qualified migrant PL posiadacz Niebieskiej Karty UE PT titular do cartão azul UE RO posesorul Cărţii Albastre a UE SK držiteľ modrej karty Európskej únie / držiteľ modrej karty EÚ SL imetnik EU modre karte SV innehavare av EU-blåkort NO innehaver av EU-blåkort (b); innehavar av EU blåkort (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

124 EU Immigration Portal A

BG Имиграционен портал на ЕС Definition B CS Imigrační portál EU A website with hands-on information for foreign na- DE EU-Zuwanderungsportal / EU- tionals interested in moving to the European Union C Einwanderungsportal acting as a first point of entry for providing up-to-date, EL Διαδικτυακή Πύλη της ΕΕ για τη Μετανάστευση practical information on EU and national immigration D ES Portal de la Inmigración de la UE procedures and policies. ET ELi sisserändeportaal E FI EU:n maahanmuuttoportaali Source FR Portail de l’UE sur l’immigration Developed by the EMN F GA Tairseach Inimirce AE Synonym HU uniós bevándorlási portált G IT Portale europeo dell’immigrazione ★★ EUIP LT ES imigracijos portalas Broader term H LV ES Imigrācijas portāls ★★ immigration MT Portal (Il-) tal-UE dwar l-Immigrazzjoni I NL EU-portaalsite over immigratie Related terms PL Portal Imigracyjny UE ★★ European Migration Network (EMN) J PT Portal da Imigração da UE ★★ European Website on Integration RO Portalul UE privind imigrația SK Imigračný portál EÚ Notes K SL EU Portal o priseljevanju 1. The EU Immigration Portal was launched in Novem- SV EU:s invandringsportal ber 2011 (see European Commission Press Release L NO Informasjonsportal om innvandring til EUs IP/11/1370 of 18 November 2011). medlemsland 2. For more information, see the website of the EU M Immigration Portal. N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

125 EU-LAC Structured Dialogue on Migration

BG Структурен диалог по въпросите на Definition E миграцията между ЕС и страните от A forum for the identification of common challenges Латинска Америка and areas for mutual cooperation, as well as building CS Strukturální dialog o migraci mezi EU a a stronger evidence base for EU-LAC (Latin America Latinskou Amerikou and the Caribbean) migration in order to better un- DE Strukturierter Dialog über Migrationsfragen derstand its realities, based on the principle of shared zwischen der EU und den Ländern responsibility, strengthening the commitment and Lateinamerikas und der Karibik willingness of both sides to discuss migration issues. EL Διαρθρωµένος Διάλογος για τη Μετανάστευση ΕΕ- ΛΑΚ (χώρες της Λατινικής Αµερικής και της Source Καραϊβικής) European Council Press Release on launching of EU- ES Diálogo estructurado UE-ALC sobre migración LAC dialogue ET (EL ja Lõuna-Ameerika ning Kariibi) või EL ja LAC rände struktureeritud dialoog Related term FI EU:n ja Latinalaisen Amerikan ja Karibian ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility maiden välinen rakenteellinen vuoropuhelu (GAMM) muuttoliikkeestä Notes FR Dialogue structuré sur les migrations entre l’UE et les pays d’Amérique latine et des 1. In June 2009, the European Union and the coun- Caraïbes (ALC) tries of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) for- GA Idirphlé Struchtúrtha idir an AE agus tíortha mally launched the Structured and Comprehensive Mheiriceá Laidinigh agus Mhuir Chairib (MLC) bi-regional Dialogue on Migration. maidir leis an Imirce 2. In the framework of the Dialogue, parties will ex- HU EU-LAC strukturális migrációs párbeszéd change views in the following main areas: link be- IT Dialogo strutturato UE-ALC sulla migrazione tween migration and development; regular migration LT ES-Lotynų Amerikos ir Karibų jūros regiono and irregular migration; migration and the issue valstybių struktūrinis dialogas migracijos of human rights, including protection of migrants klausimais in accordance with international obligations; the fight LV Eiropas Savienības, Latīņamerikas un Karību against all forms of discrimination, racism and jūras reģiona valstu strukturēts dialogs par xenophobia; legislative and administrative measures migrāciju applicable to migrants in an irregular situation; issues MT Djalogu Strutturat fuq il-Migrazzjoni - UE u related to return on a dignified basis andvoluntary ALK return; measures to combat trafficking in human NL EU-LAC gestructureerde dialoog over migratie beings and smuggling of migrants, and the prevention of document fraud. PL EU-LAC Strukturalny dialog na rzecz migracji For more information, see the website of the EU- PT diálogo estruturado sobre migrações EU-ALC 3. LAC Dialogue. RO dialogul structurat cu privire la migraţie EU- LAC SK Štruktúrovaný dialóg EÚ - Latinská Amerika a Karibik o migrácii SL EU - LAC Strukturni dialog o migracijah SV EU-LAC:s strukturerade dialog om migration NO EU–LACs strukturerte dialog om migrasjon

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

126 Eurasil A

BG Евроазил Definition B CS Eurasil A European Union Network for asylum practition- DE Netzwerk für Asylpraktiker der Europäischen ers providing a forum for the exchange of country C Union / Eurasil of origin information, best practices and a variety EL το δίκτυο EURASIL της ΕΕ για τους of policy-related matters among EU Member States, D ασχολούμενους με το άσυλο asylum adjudicators and the European Commission, ES Eurasil which aims to improve and maximise convergence E ET Eurasil on approaches to, and assessment of, the protection FI Eurasil needs of asylum seekers. F FR Eurasil GA Eurasil Source G HU Eurasil European Commission Staff Working Document IT Eurasil SEC(2006) 189 - Annex C to the Communication from H LT Eurasil the Commission on strengthened practical cooperation COM(2006) 67 final LV Eurasil I MT Eurasil Related terms NL Eurasil ★★ Common European Asylum System (CEAS) PL Eurasil J ★★ European Asylum Support Office (EASO) PT Eurasil K RO Eurasil Notes SK Eurasil 1. Eurasil was established by the European Commis- SL Eurasil L sion in July 2002 following the decision of the Com- SV Eurasil mittee of the Permanent Representatives (Coreper NO Eurasil M II) on 6 March to cease the activities of the CIREA group (Centre for Information, Discussion and N Exchange on the Crossing of Frontiers and Im- migration (CIREFI)). O 2. EURASIL meetings were attended by representatives of the national ministries and asylum authorities of the EU Member States, as well as of CH, NO and IS. P Depending on the topics of the meeting, international organisations such as United Nations High Com- Q missior for Refugees (UNHCR) or International Organization for Migration (IOM) attended Eurasil R as external experts. 3. With the establishment of the European Asylum S Support Office (EASO), EASO has taken over responsibility for Eurasil and further developed EURASIL ac- T tivities (EASO Practical Cooperation). U V W X Y Z

127 Euro-African Dialogue on Migration and Development

BG Евро-африкански диалог по миграция и Definition E развитие A framework for dialogue and consultation between CS Dialog EU a Afriky k migraci a rozvoji EU Member States and African countries from North, DE Europäisch -afrikanischer Dialog über West and Central Africa, as well as the European Com- Migration und Entwicklung / Euro-afrikanischer mission and the Economic Community of West African Dialog über Migration und Entwicklung States (ECOWAS), focusing on regional cooperation EL Ευρω-Αφρικανικός Διάλογος για τη in the field ofmigration between countries of ori- Μετανάστευση και την Ανάπτυξη gin, transit and destination along current migration ES dialogo euroafricano sobre migración y routes and within which concrete, practical initiatives desarrollo are implemented. ET Euro-Aafrika rände ja arenguabi dialoog FI muuttoliikettä ja kehitystä koskeva Euro– Source Afrikka-dialogi Description of the Euro-African Dialogue on Migration FR Dialogue euro-africain sur la migration et le and Development on the website of GD Migration and développement Home Affairs GA Idirphlé Eora-Afracach maidir le hImirce agus Forbairt Synonyms HU Euro-afrikai Dialógus a migrációról és ★★ Euro-African Ministerial Conference on Migration fejlesztésről and Development IT Dialogo Euro-Africano sulla Migrazione e lo ★★ Rabat Process Sviluppo Related terms LT Europos-Afrikos dialogas migracijos ir ★★ 5+5 Dialogue on Migration in the Western vystymosi klausimais Mediterranean LV Eiropas Savienības un Āfrikas dialogs par ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility migrāciju un attīstību (GAMM) MT Djalogu Ewro-Afrikan fuq il-Migrazzjoni u l-Iżvilupp Notes NL Europees-Afrikaanse Ministeriële Conferentie 1. The Euro-African Migration and Development pro- over Migratie en Ontwikkeling cess started with a ministerial conference in Rabat PL Euro-Afrykański Dialog na rzecz Migracji i in 2006. Rozwoju 2. For more information, see the website of the DG PT Conferência ministerial euro-africana sobre Migration and Home Affairs on the Euro-African Di- migração e desenvolvimento alogue. RO Dialogul EU-Africa în domeniul migraţiei şi dezvoltării SK Euro-africký dialóg o migrácii a rozvoji SL Evro - Afriški dialog o migracijah in razvoju SV dialog mellan Europa och Afrika om migration och utveckling NO Den europeisk-afrikanske dialogen om migrasjon

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

128 Eurodac A

BG Евродак Definition B CS Eurodac The name given to an informatic system, the pur- DE Eurodac pose of which, via the collection, transmission and C EL Ευrodac comparison of fingerprints, is to assist in determining ES Eurodac which EU Member State is to be responsible pursu- D ET Eurodac ant to Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Reg- FI Eurodac ulation) for examining an application for interna- E FR Eurodac tional protection lodged in a EU Member State by a GA Eurodac third-country national or a stateless person, and F HU Eurodac otherwise to facilitate the application of Regulation IT Eurodac (EU) No 604/2013 under the conditions set out in the G LT Eurodac Regulation establishing Eurodac. LV Eurodac H MT Eurodac Source Art. 1 of Regulation (EU) No 603/2013 (Eurodac Reg- NL Eurodac I PL Eurodac ulation) PT Eurodac Related terms J RO Eurodac ★★ Dublin Convention SK Eurodac ★★ Dublin Regulation SL Eurodac K SV Eurodac Note NO Eurodac L Under the Eurodac system, participating States have to promptly take the fingerprints of each asylum seek- M er over the age of 14. These fingerprints are then compared with fingerprint data transmitted by other par- N ticipating States stored in the central database AFIS. If Eurodac shows that the fingerprints have already been O recorded, the asylum seeker can be sent back to the country where their fingerprints were originally taken. P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

129 Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EUROMED)

BG Евро-средиземноморско партньорство Definition E CS Evropsko-středomořské partnerství A Union of the EU Member States and 16 Southern DE Europa-Mittelmeer-Partnerschaft / Mediterranean countries built on cooperation agree- Euro‑mediterrane Partnerschaft ments that aims to promote economic integration and EL Ευρωμεσογειακή Εταιρική Σχέση democratic reform across the EU’s neighbours to the ES Asociación Euromediterránea south in North Africa and the Middle East. ET Euroopa-Vahemere partnerlus FI Euro–Välimeri-kumppanuus Source FR Union pour la Méditerranée Website of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EU- GA an Chomhpháirtíocht Eora-Mheánmhara ROMED) HU Euro-mediterrán Partnerség Synonyms IT Partenariato euromediterraneo ★★ Barcelona Process LT Europos-Viduržemio jūros regiono partnerystė ★★ EUROMED LV Eiropas un Vidusjūras reģiona valstu ★★ UfM partnerība ★★ Union for the Mediterranean MT Sħubija Ewro-Mediterranja NL Euro-mediterraan partnerschap Broader term PL Partnerstwo Eurośródziemnomorskie ★★ European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) PT Parceria Euro-Mediterrânica RO Parteneriatul Euro-Mediteraneean Related terms SK Euro-stredomorské partnerstvo ★★ Black Sea Synergy SL Evro - Sredozemsko partnerstvo ★★ Eastern Partnership (EAP) SV Europa-Medelhavspartnerskapet NO Euro-Mediterranean Partnership Notes 1. The Partnership was established on 13 July 2008. 2. For more information, see the webpage of the Eu- ro-Med Partnership on the website of the European Union’s External Action Services.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

130 European Asylum Support Office (EASO) A

BG Европейска служба за подкрепа в областта Definition B на убежището A European Union agency mandated to focus on three CS Evropský podpůrný úřad pro otázky azylu major responsibilities: to contribute to the coherent C DE Europäisches Unterstützungsbüro für implementation and development of the Common Asylfragen European Asylum System (CEAS), to support and D EL Ευρωπαϊκό Γραφείο Υποστήριξης για το Άσυλο strengthen practical cooperation among EU Member ES Oficina Europea de Apoyo al Asilo States on asylum and to provide and/or coordinate E ET Euroopa Varjupaigaküsimuste Tugiamet the provision of operational support to EU Member FI Euroopan turvapaikka-asioiden tukivirasto States, subject to particular pressure on their asylum F FR Bureau européen d’appui en matière d’asile and reception systems. GA an Oifig Tacaíochta Eorpach do Chúrsaí G Tearmainn Source HU Európai Menekültügyi Támogatási Hivatal Art. 1 and 2 of Regulation (EU) No 439/2010 (EASO H IT Ufficio Europeo di Sostegno per l’Asilo Regulation) LT Europos prieglobsčio paramos biuras Synonym I LV Eiropas Patvēruma atbalsta birojs ★★ EASO MT Uffiċċju (L-)ta’ Appoġġ Ewropew fil-Qasam J tal‑Ażil Related terms NL Europees Ondersteuningsbureau ★★ Common European Asylum System (CEAS) K voor Asielzaken; Europees ★★ General Directors of Immigration Services asielondersteuningsbureau (BE) Conference (GDISC) L PL Europejski Urząd Wsparcia w dziedzinie Azylu ★★ Eurasil PT Gabinete Europeu de Apoio ao Asilo ★★ European Migration Network (EMN) RO Biroul European de Sprijin în domeniul Azilului ★★ European Union Agency for Fundamental M SK Európsky podporný úrad pre azyl Rights (FRA) SL Evropski azilni podporni urad ★★ European Border and Coast Guard Agency N SV Europeiska byrån för samarbete i asylfrågor (Frontex) NO Det europeiske støttekontoret på asylfeltet O Notes 1. The European Asylum Support Office acts as a Eu- P ropean centre of expertise on asylum, responsible for facilitating, coordinating and strengthening practical Q cooperation among EU Member States on the many aspects of asylum, so that EU Member States are bet- R ter able to provide international protection to those entitled to it, while dealing fairly and efficiently with S those who do not qualify for international protection, where appropriate. T 2. The Support Office should work closely with the EU Member States’ asylum authorities, with national U immigration and asylum services and other national services and with the European Commission. Further- V more, it should also carry out its duties without prejudice to those assigned to other relevant bodies of the European Union and shall work closely with these W bodies as well as with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). However, X it does not have any powers in relation to the taking of decisions by EU Member States’ asylum authorities Y on individual applications for international protection. 3. For further information, see the website of EASO. Z

131 European Border and Coast Guard

BG Европейския парламент и на Съвета и за Definition E отмяна на Регламент A border control and management system covering CS Evropská pohraniční a pobřežní stráž the Schengen Area which is composed of the Euro- DE Europäische Grenz- und Küstenwache pean Border and Coast Guard Agency (a reformed EL Ευρωπαϊκή Συνοριοφυλακή και Ακτοφυλακή Frontex Agency) and EU Member State national au- ES Guardia Europea de Fronteras y Costas thorities who are responsible for border management ET Euroopa piiri- ja rannikuvalve tasks. FI Euroopan raja- ja rannikkovartiosto FR Corps européen de garde-frontières et de Source garde-côtes Art. 3 and 5 of Regulation (EU) 2016/1624 (European GA Garda Teorann agus Cósta Eorpach Border and Coast Guard Regulation) HU Európai Határ- és Parti Őrség Broader terms IT Guardia Costiera e di Frontiera Europea LT Europos sienų ir pakrančių apsaugos pajėgos ★★ border control ★★ LV Eiropas Robežu un krasta apsardze European integrated border management ★★ MT Gwardja Ewropea tal-Fruntiera u tal-Kosta external EU border NL Europese Grens- en Kustwacht Narrower term PL Europejska Straż Graniczna i Przybrzeżna ★★ European Border and Coast Guard Agency PT Guarda Europeia de Fronteiras e Costeira (Frontex) RO Related terms SK Európska pohraničná a pobrežná stráž SL Evropska mejna in obalna straža ★★ European Border Surveillance System (EURO- SV Europeiska gräns- och kustbevakningen SUR) ★★ NO Den europeiske grense-og kystvakten (b); Den European integrated border management europeiske grense- og kystvakta

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

132 European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) A BG Европейска агенция за граничен контрол и Broader term B брегова охрана ★★ European Border and Coast Guard CS Evropská agentura pro pohraniční a pobřežní C stráž Related terms DE Europäische Agentur für die Grenz- und ★★ European Asylum Support Office (EASO) D Küstenwache ★★ European integrated border management EL Ευρωπαϊκός Οργανισμός Συνοριοφυλακής και ★★ European Union Agency for Fundamental E Ακτοφυλακής Rights (FRA) ES Guardia Europea de Fronteras y Costas F ET Euroopa Piiri- ja Rannikuvalve Amet Notes FI Euroopan raja- ja merivartiovirasto 1. The European Agency for the Border and Coast G FR Agence européenne de garde-frontières et de Guard based in Warsaw was established by Regula- garde-côtes tion (EU) No 2016/1624 (European Border and Coast H GA an Gníomhaireacht Eorpach um an nGarda Guard Regulation) of 14 September 2016. It is not a Teorann agus Cósta new body but emerged from the European Agency for HU Európai Határ- és Partvédelmi Ügynökség the Management of Operational Cooperation at the I IT Agenzia europea della guardia di frontiera e External Borders of the Member States of the Euro- costiera pean Union which was established in 2004 by Council J LT Europos sienų ir pakrančių apsaugos agentūra Regulation (EC) 2007/2004 (Frontex-Regulation). Its LV Eiropas Robežu un krasta apsardzes aģentūra mandate and tasks have, however, been extended K MT L-Aġenzija Ewropea għall-Gwardja tal- and it has been transformed into a fully-fledged Eu- Fruntiera u tal-Kosta ropean Agency. In order to reflect these changes, it L NL Europees Grens- en Kustwachtagentschap was renamed the European Border and Coast Guard PL Agency which continues to be commonly referred to M PT Agência Europeia da Guarda de Fronteiras e as ‘Frontex’. Costeira 2. The Agency does not have its own equipment or N RO border guards, but coordinates operational coopera- SK Európska agentúra pre pohraničnú a pobrežnú tion between Schengen Member States (and NO, IC, IE O stráž and UK)/in external border management. SL Evropska agencija za mejno in obalno stražo 3. Art. 8 of Regulation (EU) No 2016/1624 describes P SV Europeiska gräns- och kustbevakningsbyrån the main tasks of the Agency which include among NO Den europeiske grense- og kystvakt others: Q - monitoring migration flows and carrying out risk Definition analysis as regards all aspects of integrated border R A European Union agency tasked with the border management; control of the Schengen area, in coordination with - coordinating and organising joint operations and rap- the national authorities of the Schengen Member id border interventions to assist participating states at S States (and IC, NO, IE and UK) responsible for bor- the external EU borders, including humanitarian emer- der management and for the implementation of the gencies and rescue at sea; T European integrated border management as a - coordinating and organising joint operations and rap- shared responsibility of the Agency and the national id border interventions to assist participating states at U authorities. the external EU borders, including humanitarian emer- gencies and rescue at sea; V Source - setting up and deploying European Border and Coast Art. 3(1) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1624 (European Guard teams, including a rapid reaction pool; W Border and Coast Guard Regulation) - assisting participating states in fulfilling their return Synonyms AL9 including coordinating and organising return op- X erations. ★★ EBCGA 4. Another objective of the Agency is the prevention ★★ European Agency for the Management of Opera- Y of cross-border crime such as smuggling of migrants, tional Cooperation at the External Borders of the terrorism or trafficking in human beings. Member States of the European Union Z 5. For further information, see the webpage of Fron- ★★ Frontex tex.

133 European Border Surveillance System (EUROSUR)

BG Европейска система за наблюдение на Definition E външните граници A common framework for the exchange of information CS Evropský systém ostrahy vnější hranice and for the cooperation between EU Member States DE Europäisches Grenzüberwachungssystem and Frontex to improve situational awareness and to EL Ευρωπαϊκό Σύστημα Επιτήρησης των Συνόρων increase reaction capability at the external EU borders ES Sistema europeo de vigilancia de fronteras for the purpose of detecting, preventing and combat- ET Euroopa piiride valvamise süsteem ing irregular migration and cross-border crime, and FI Euroopan rajavalvontajärjestelmä contributing to ensuring the protection and saving FR Système européen de surveillance des the lives of migrants. frontières GA an Córas Eorpach um Fhaireachas ar Source Theorainneacha Seachtracha Art. 1 of Regulation (EU) No 1052/2013 (EUROSUR HU Európai Határőrizeti Rendszer Regulation) IT Sistema europeo di sorveglianza delle Synonym frontiere esterne ★★ EUROSUR LT Europos išorinių sienų stebėjimo sistema LV Eiropas ārējo robežu uzraudzības sistēma Related terms MT Sistema Ewropea għas-Sorveljanza tal-Konfini ★★ border control /tal-Fruntieri ★★ European Border and Coast Guard Agency NL Europees grensbewakingssysteem (Frontex) PL Europejski system nadzorowania granic PT Sistema Europeu de Vigilância das Fronteiras Notes RO sistemul de supraveghere a frontierelor UE 1. EUROSUR was set up under Council Regulation (EU) SK Európsky systém hraničného dozoru No 1052/2013 (EUROSUR Regulation) . SL Evropski sistem varovanja meja 2. For more information, see the webpage of Europe- SV europeiska gränsövervakningssystemet an Commission on EUROSUR. NO Det europeiske overvåkingssystemet for yttergrensene

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

134 European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) A

BG Европейска конвенция за правата на човека Definition B CS Evropská úmluva o ochraně lidských práv A regional human rights instrument giving effect to DE Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention certain rights stated in the Universal Declaration of C EL Ευρωπαϊκή Σύμβαση Δικαιωμάτων του Human Rights, offering individuals the possibility of Ανθρώπου applying to the courts for the enforcement of their D ES Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos rights. ET Euroopa inimõiguste ja põhivabaduste kaitse E konvetsioon Source FI Euroopan ihmisoikeussopimus Derived by EMN from the description of the Conven- F FR Convention européenne des droits de l’homme tion on the website of the European Court of Human GA an Coinbhinsiún Eorpach um Chearta an Duine Rights G HU Emberi Jogok Európai Egyezménye Synonyms IT Convenzione Europea dei Diritti dell’Uomo ★★ European Convention for the Protection of Human H LT Europos žmogaus teisių konvencija Rights and Fundamental Freedoms LV Eiropas Cilvēktiesību konvencija ★★ ECHR I MT Konvenzjoni (Il-) Ewropea dwar id-Drittijiet tal‑Bniedem Related terms J NL Europees Verdrag voor de Rechten van de ★★ Charter of Fundamental Rights of the Euro- Mens pean Union K PL Europejska Konwencja Praw Człowieka / ★★ European Union Agency for Fundamental Konwencja o Ochronie Praw Człowieka i Rights (FRA) L Podstawowych Wolności ★★ human rights PT Convenção Europeia dos Direitos Humanos ★★ human rights law RO Convenţia Europeană a Drepturilor Omului M SK Európsky dohovor o ochrane ľudských práv a Note základných slobôd / EDĽP More formally referred to as the European Convention N SL Evropska konvencija o človekovih pravicah for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental SV Europakonventionen om de mänskliga Freedoms. O rättigheterna NO Den europeiske menneskerettskonvensjonen P

Q R S T U V W X Y Z

135 European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)

BG Европейски съд за правата на човека Definition E CS Evropský soud pro lidská práva International court established by the European Con- DE Europäischer Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte vention on Human Rights (ECHR) which rules on EL Ευρωπαϊκό Δικαστήριο των Δικαιωμάτων του individual or State applications alleging violations of Ανθρώπου the civil and political rights set out in the ECHR. ES Tribunal Europeo de Derechos humanos ET Euroopa Inimõiguste Kohus Source FI Euroopan ihmisoikeustuomioistuin Website of the European Court of Human Rights FR Cour européenne des droits de l'homme GA an Chúirt Eorpach um Chearta an Duine Synonym HU Emberi Jogok Európai Bírósága ★★ ECtHR IT Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo Notes LT Europos Žmogaus Teisių Teismas 1. The ECtHR was set up in 1959, it is based in Stras- LV Eiropas Cilvēktiesību tiesa bourg. MT Qorti Ewropea tad-Drittijiet tal-Bniedem 2. It hears applications alleging that a contracting NL Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens state has breached one or more of the human rights (EHRM) provisions concerning civil and political rights set out PL Europejski Trybunał Praw Człowieka in the European Convention on Human Rights PT Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos Humanos (ECHR) and its protocols. An application can be lodged RO by an individual, a group of individuals or one or more SK Európsky súd pre ľudské práva / ESĽP of the other contracting states, and, besides judg- SL Evropsko sodišče za človekove pravice ments, the Court can also issue advisory opinions. SV Europeiska domstolen för de mänskliga 3. The court has delivered more than 10.000 judg- rättigheterna (Europadomstolen) ments which are binding on the countries concerned NO Den europeiske menneskrettsdomstolen and have led governments to alter their legislation and administrative practice in a wide range of areas.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

136 European integrated border management A

BG Европейска система за интегрирано Definition B управление на границите National and international coordination and coop- CS Evropská integrovaná správa hranic eration among all relevant authorities and agencies C DE integrierte europäische Grenzverwaltung involved in border security and trade facilitation to EL ολοκληρωμένη διαχείριση των εξωτερικών establish effective, efficient and coordinated border D συνόρων management at the external EU borders, in order ES Gestión Europea integrada de las fronteras to reach the objective of open, but well controlled and E ET Euroopa integreeritud piirihaldus secure borders. FI Euroopan yhdennetty rajavalvonta F FR gestion européenne intégrée des frontières Source GA Bainistiú comhtháite teorainneacha san Eoraip Art. 4 of Regulation (EU) 2016/1624 European Border G HU európai integrált határigazgatás and Coast Guard Regulation IT Gestione europea integrata delle frontiere Synonym H LT Europos integruotas sienų valdymas ★★ IBM LV Eiropas integrētā robežu pārvaldība I MT ġestjoni integrata Ewropea tal-fruntieri Broader terms NL Europees geïntegreerd grensbeheer ★★ border control J PL ★★ external EU border PT Gestão europeia integrada de Fronteiras RO Notes K SK Európske integrované riadenie hraníc 1. The European integrated border management SL Evropsko skladno upravljanje meja / ESUM (IBM) aims at managing the crossing of the external L SV Europeisk integrerad gränsförvaltning borders efficiently and addressing migratory chal- NO Samordnet europeisk grense grensekontroll lenges and potential future threats at those borders, M (b); Samordna europeisk grensekontroll (n) thereby contributing to addressing serious crime with a cross-border dimension (such as migrant smug- N gling, trafficking in human beings and terrorism) and ensuring a high level of internal security within O the EU, while at the same time acting in full respect for fundamental rights and in a manner that safe- P guards the free movement of persons within the EU. 2. Art. 4 of the Regulation (EU) 2016/1624 (Euro- Q pean Border and Coast Guard Regulation) describes the main components of the IBM: border control; pre- R vention and detection of cross-border crime; referral of persons who are in need of, or wish to apply for, S international protection; search and rescue operations for persons in distress at sea; risk analysis T for internal security and security of the external EU borders; cooperation with third countries, focusing on U neighbouring countries and those which have been identified ascountries of origin and/or transit for irregular migration; return of third-country na- V who are subject of . tionals return decisions W X Y Z

137 European Migration Network (EMN)

BG Европейска мрежа за миграция Definition E CS Evropská migrační síť A body established by Council Decision 2008/381/EC DE Europäisches Migrationsnetzwerk that serves to meet the information needs of Union EL Ευρωπαϊκό Δίκτυο Μετανάστευσης institutions and of EU Member States’ authorities and ES Red Europea de Migraciones institutions, by providing up-to-date, objective, reliable ET Euroopa rändevõrgustik and comparable information on migration and asy- FI Euroopan muuttoliikeverkosto lum, with a view to supporting policy-making in the FR Réseau européen des migrations European Union in these areas. GA Gréasán Imirce na hEorpa HU Európai Migrációs Hálózat Source IT Rete Europea sulle Migrazioni Art. 1 of Council Decision 2008/381/EC (European Mi- LT Europos migracijos tinklas gration Network Decision) LV Eiropas migrācijas tīkls Synonym MT Netwerk (In-) Ewropew tal-Migrazzjoni ★★ EMN NL Europees Migratienetwerk PL Europejska Sieć Migracyjna Related terms PT Rede Europeia das Migrações ★★ Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory on Mi- RO Reţeaua europeană de migrație gration SK Európska migračná sieť ★★ EU Immigration Portal SL Evropska migracijska mreža ★★ European Border and Coast Guard Agency SV Europeiska migrationsnätverket (Frontex) NO Det europeiske migrasjonsnettverket ★★ European Asylum Support Office (EASO) ★★ European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) ★★ Eurostat ★★ National Contact Points on Integration Notes 1. The EMN was set up in 2003 by the European Com- mission on behalf of the European Council in order to satisfy the need of a regular exchange of reliable information on migration and asylum related issues on a European level. It also serves to provide the general public with information on these subjects. 2. The EMN is co-ordinated by the European Com- mission, assisted by service providers, in co-operation with EMN National Contact Points (EMN NCPs) in each EU Member State. A Steering Board, consisting of representatives from each Member State, the European Commission and the European Parliament serves to provide the political guidance on the activities of the EMN. 3. For more information, see the website of the EMN.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

138 European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) A

BG Европейска политика за съседство Definition B CS Evropská politika sousedství A bilateral policy between the European Union and 16 DE Europäische Nachbarschaftspolitik partner countries (the EU’s closest neighbouring coun- C EL Ευρωπαϊκή Πολιτική Γειτονίας tries), further enriched and complemented by three ES Política Europea de Vecindad regional and multilateral cooperation initiatives. D ET Euroopa naabruspoliitika FI Euroopan naapuruuspolitiikka Source E FR Politique européenne de voisinage Website of the European Neighbourhood Policy GA Beartas Comharsanachta na hEorpa Synonym F HU Európai Szomszédságpolitika ★★ ENP IT politica europea di vicinato G LT Europos kaimynystės politika Narrower terms LV Eiropas kaimiņattiecību politika ★★ Black Sea Synergy H MT Politika (Il-) Ewropea tal-Viċinat / tal-Madwar ★★ Eastern Partnership (EAP) NL Europees nabuurschapsbeleid ★★ Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EUROMED) I PL Europejska Polityka Sąsiedztwa PT Politica Europeia de Vizinhança Related term ★★ J RO Politica europeană de vecinătate Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM) SK Európska susedská politika / Európska politika K susedstva Notes SL Evropska sosedska politika SV europeiska grannskapspolitiken 1. The ENP was developed in 2004, with the objective L NO Den europeiske naboskapspolitikken of avoiding the emergence of new dividing lines between the enlarged EU and its neighbours and instead M strengthening the prosperity, stability and security of all. It is based on the values of democracy, rule N of law and respect of human rights. 2. The three regional and multilateral cooperation O initiatives of the ENP are: the Eastern Partnership (EAP), launched in Prague in May 2009; the Eu- P ro-Mediterranean Partnership (EUROMED), formerly known as the Barcelona Process, re-launched Q in Paris in July 2008), and the Black Sea Synergy (launched in Kiev in February 2008). 3. The Lisbon Treaty has allowed the EU to strength- R en the delivery of its foreign policy: cooperation with neighbouring countries can now be broadened to cov- S er the full range of issues in an integrated and more effective manner. This was a key driver for initiating T a review of the ENP in summer 2010. 4. For up-to-date information on the ENP, see the U webpage of the EU External Action Service on the ENP. V W X Y Z

139 European travel document for return

BG Европейски пътен документ за връщане Definition E CS Evropský cestovní doklad pro návrat A secure and uniform document for the return of il- DE europäisches Reisedokument für die Rückkehr legally staying third-country nationals to facilitate (EU-acquis); europäisches Reisedokument für the return and readmission of third-country nationals die Rückführung staying illegally on the territory of the parties to the EL ευρωπαϊκό ταξιδιωτικό έγγραφο για την Schengen Agreement. επιστροφή των παρανόμως διαμενόντων υπηκόων τρίτων χωρών Source ES Documento de viaje europeo para el retorno Derived by EMN from Regulation (EU) 2016/1953 ET Euroopa tagasisaatmise (Regulation establishing a European travel document reisidokument for the return of illegally staying third-country nation- FI palauttamista varten myönnettävä als) eurooppalainen matkustusasiakirja FR Document de voyage européen destiné au Synonym retour ★★ European travel document for the return of illegally GA Doiciméad taistil Eorpach um fhilleadh staying third-country nationals HU visszaküldéshez kiállított európai úti okmány Broader term IT documento di viaggio europeo per il rimpatrio ★★ travel document LT Europos kelionės dokumentas neteisėtai ES esantiems trečiųjų šalių piliečiams grąžinti Related terms LV Eiropas ceļošanas dokuments personu ★★ fraudulent travel or identity document atgriešanai ★★ identity document MT dokument tal-ivvjaġġar Ewropew għar-ritorn NL Europees reisdocument voor terugkeer PL PT Documento de viagem europeu para o regresso (dos nacionais de países terceiros em situação irregular) RO SK európsky cestovný doklad pre návrat SL Evropska potna listina za vrnitev SV europeisk resehandling för återvändande av tredjelandsmedborgare NO Europeisk reisedokument for retur

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

140 European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS) A

BG Европейска информационна система за Definition B разрешение за пътуване An automated online system for identifying irregular CS Evropský informační systém pro cestovní migration, security or public-health risks associated C povolení with visa-exempt third-country nationals travelling DE Europäisches Reiseinformations- und to the EU prior to their arrival. D -genehmigungssystem EL Σύστημα πληροφοριών και άδειας ταξιδίου της Sources E ΕΕ The EU Legislation in Progress briefing on the Euro- ES Sistema Europeo de Información y pean Travel and Authorisation System (ETIAS), 1.ed., F Autorización de Viajes 7 March 2017 ET ELi reisiinfo ja -lubade süsteem and G FI EU:n matkustustieto- ja -lupajärjestelmän Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament FR Système européen d’information et and of the Council establishing a European Travel In- H d’autorisation concernant les voyages formation and Authorisation System (ETIAS) GA Córas an Aontais Eorpaigh um Fhaisnéis agus I Údarú Taistil Synonym ★★ ETIAS HU Európai Utasinformációs és Engedélyezési J Rendszer Related term IT Sistema europeo di informazione e ★★ European Border and Coast Guard Agency autorizzazione ai viaggi K LT Europos kelionių informacijos ir leidimų Note L sistema ETIAS will be managed by the European Agency for LV Eiropas ceļošanas informācijas un atļauju the Operational Management of Large-Scale Informa- M sistēma tion Systems in the area of freedom, security and MT Sistema Ewropea ta’ Informazzjoni u ta’ justice (eu-LISA). The central unit will be part of the N Awtorizzazzjoni għall-Ivvjaġġar European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Fron- NL Europees systeem voor reisinformatie en tex) and will ensure that the data stored in the appli- -autorisatie cation files and the data recorded in ETIAS are correct O PL and up to date. PT Sistema Europeu de Informação e Autorização P de Viagem RO Q SK Európsky systém pre cestovné informácie a povolenia R SL Evropski sistem za potovalne informacije in odobritve S SV EU-system för reseuppgifter och resetillstånd NO Europeisk system for reiseinformasjon og T autorisasjon U

V W X Y Z

141 European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA)

BG Агенция на Европейския съюз за основните Definition E права An European Union agency which provides independ- CS Agentura Evropské unie pro základní práva ent, evidence-based advice on fundamental rights DE Agentur der Europäischen Union für to the relevant institutions and authorities of the Eu- Grundrechte ropean Union and the EU Member States in order to EL Οργανισμός Θεμελιωδών Δικαιωμάτων της support them when implementing Union law, taking Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης measures or formulating courses of action within their ES Agencia de Derechos Fundamentales de la respective spheres of competence to fully respect Unión Europea fundamental rights. ET Euroopa Liidu Põhiõiguste Amet FI Euroopan unionin perusoikeusvirasto Source FR Agence des droits fondamentaux de l’Union Art. 2 of Council Regulation (EC) No 168/2007 (FRA européenne Regulation) GA Gníomhaireacht an Aontais Eorpaigh um Chearta Bunúsacha Synonyms HU Az Európai Unió Alapjogi Ügynöksége ★★ European Fundamental Rights Agency IT Agenzia dell’Unione Europea per i Diritti ★★ FRA Fondamentali ★★ Fundamental Rights Agency LT Europos Sąjungos pagrindinių teisių agentūra Broader term LV Eiropas Savienības Pamattiesību aģentūra ★★ fundamental rights MT Aġenzija tal-Unjoni Ewropea għad-Drittijiet Fundamentali Related terms NL Bureau van de Europese Unie voor de ★★ Charter of Fundamental Rights of the Euro- grondrechten pean Union PL Agencja Praw Podstawowych Unii Europejskiej ★★ European Border and Coast Guard Agency PT Agência dos Direitos Fundamentais da UE (Frontex) RO Agenţia pentru Drepturi Fundamentale a ★★ European Asylum Support Office (EASO) Uniunii Europene ★★ European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) SK Agentúra Európskej únie pre základné práva ★★ European Migration Network SL Agencija Evropske unije za temeljne pravice ★★ (EMN) SV Europeiska unionens byrå för grundläggande ★★ human rights rättigheter NO Den europeiske unions byrå for grunnleggende Notes rettigheter (b); Byrået for grunnleggjande 1. The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights rettar i Den europeiske unionen (n) was inaugurated on 1 March 2007. It was established by Council Regulation (EC) No 168/2007 (FRA Regu- lation) as the successor to the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (EUMCI). 2. Its tasks, which are laid down in Art. 4 of the Reg- ulation, include information and data collection, research and analysis; advice to EU institutions and EU Member States; cooperation with civil society and awareness raising. 3. For more information, see the website of FRA.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

142 European Union Emergency Trust Fund for Africa (EUTF for Africa) A

BG Европейски доверителен фонд за спешна Definition B помощ за Африка Fund aiming to foster stability in a wide range of CS Svěřenecký fond Evropské unie pro Afriku countries across Africa that encompass the major mi- C DE Nothilfe-Treuhandfonds der Europäischen gration routes to Europe and to contribute to better Union für Afrika migration management by addressing the root causes D EL Ευρωπαϊκό καταπιστευματικό Ταμείο εκτάκτου of destabilisation, forced displacement and irregu- ανάγκης για την Αφρική / Ταμείο Αρωγής lar migration and by promoting economic and equal E εκτάκτου ανάγκης για τη σταθερότητα και opportunities, security and development and a tighter την αντιμετώπιση των βαθύτερων αιτίων της Africa-EU cooperation on issues of migration control, F παράνομης μετανάστευσης στην Αφρική return and readmission. ES Fondo fiduciario de emergencia de la Unión G Europea para África Sources ET Euroopa Liidu Aafrika hädaolukorra Website of the EUTF for Africa usaldusfond and H FI Euroopan Unionin Afrikka-hätärahasto Factsheet on the EUTF for Africa FR Fonds fiduciaire d'urgence de l'Union I européenne pour l'Afrique Synonyms GA Ciste Iontaobhais Éigeandála an Aontais ★★ EU Emergency Trust Fund for Africa J Eorpaigh don Afraic ★★ European Union Emergency Trust Fund for stability HU Uniós Szükséghelyzeti Alap Afrikáért and addressing root causes of irregular migration K IT Fondo fiduciario d’emergenza dell’Unione and displaced persons in Africa Europea per l’Africa ★★ EUTF for Africa L LT Europos Sąjungos Notes skubiosios pagalbos M 1. The EUTF for Africa was formally adopted at the Afrikai patikos fondas Valletta Summit on 12 November 2015 by EU Mem- LV Eiropas Savienības Ārkārtas trasta fonds ber States, CH, NO and 23 African countries (the Sa- N Āfrikai hel region and Lake Chad, the Horn of Africa and the MT Fond Fiduċjarju ta’ Emerġenza tal-Unjoni North of Africa). O Ewropea għall-Afrika 2. It focuses on the following areas: NL EU Noodfonds voor Afrika a) economic programs with particular attention to P PL employment creation; PT Fundo Fiduciário de Emergência da UE para b) resilience projects geared to improving food secu- Q África rity and to providing services for local communities RO and refugees; R SK Núdzový trustový fond Európskej únie pre c) migration management, including fight against ir- Afriku / Núdzový zverenecký fond Európskej regular migration and smuggling of migrants, return, S únie pre Afriku / Núdzový trustový fond EÚ readmission and reintegration, international protec- pre stabilitu a riešenie základných príčin tion and asylum, legal migration and mobility; T neregulárnej migrácie a vysídľovania osôb v d) governance and security, including interventions in Afrike the fields of rule of law, security and development, U SL Evropski skrbniški sklad za Afriko / ESS za border management and conflict-prevention systems. Afriko SV Europeiska unionens förvaltningsfond för V nödåtgärder i Afrika NO European Union Emergency Trust Fund for W Africa (no usual translation) X Y Z

143 Europol

BG ЕВРОПОЛ Definition E CS Europol / Evropský policejní úřad The European Union’s law enforcement agency which DE Europol assists EU Member States’ police forces in improving EL Ευρωπόλ / Οργανισμός της ΕΕ για τη their cooperation on the prevention and fight against συνεργασία στον τομέα της επιβολής του νόμου the most serious forms of international crime, such ES Europol as terrorism, drug trafficking andsmuggling of mi- ET Europol grants, focusing on the targeting of criminal organ- FI Europol isations. FR Europol GA Europol Source HU EUROPOL (Európai Rendőrségi Hivatal) Derived by EMN from the Website of Europol IT Europol Synonym LT Europolas ★★ European Police Office LV Eiropols MT L-Europol Notes NL Europol / Europese politiedienst 1. The establishment of the European Police Office PL Europol - Europejski Urząd Policji was agreed to in the Treaty on the European Union PT Europol (TEU) that came into effect in November 1993. The RO Europol agency started limited operations on 3 January 1994, SK Európsky policajný úrad / Europol as the Europol Drugs Unit (EDU). The Europol Conven- SL Europol / Evropski policijski urad tion was signed on 26 July 1995, and came into force SV Europol in October 1998 after being ratified by all EU Member NO Europol States. Europol commenced its full activities on 1 July 1999. Europol came under the European Union's competence with the Lisbon Treaty, and the Convention was replaced by a Council Decision in 2009.It was reformed as a full EU agency on 1 January 2010. 2. Europol which is based in The Hague serves as an European Union centre of expertise, providing a central platform for law enforcement experts from the European Union countries. 3. Europol has no executive powers. Europol officers are not entitled to conduct investigations in the EU Member States nor do they have direct powers of arrest; they support EU law enforcement colleagues by gathering, analysing and disseminating information and coordinating operations.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

144 Eurostat A

BG Евростат Definition B CS Eurostat The Statistical Office of the European Union within the DE Eurostat European Commission. C EL Ευρωπαϊκή Στατιστική Υπηρεσία ES Eurostat Source D ET Eurostat Website of Eurostat FI Eurostat E FR Eurostat Related term GA Eurostat ★★ European Migration Network (EMN) F HU Eurostat Notes IT Eurostat G LT Afrikai patikos fondas 1. Eurostat was established in 1953. 2. Its task is to provide the European Union with sta- LV Eurostat H MT Eurostat tistics at European level that enable comparisons be- NL Eurostat tween countries and regions. The EMN cooperates with Eurostat by harmonising I PL Eurostat 3. statistics from the European Statistical System (ESS) PT Eurostat to a single methodology, making the statistics com- J RO Eurostat parable. SK Štatistický úrad Európskych spoločenstiev / 4. Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration Statistics Eurostat K Regulation) establishes common rules for the collec- SL Eurostat tion and compilation of Community statistics (for sub- SV Eurostat L mission to Eurostat) on: NO Eurostat a) immigration and emigration flows; M b) citizenship and country of birth of persons usually resident in the territory of the EU Member States; N c) administrative and judicial procedures and processes in the EU Member States relating to immigration, O granting of permission to reside, citizenship, asylum and other forms of international protection and P prevention of irregular migration. For more information, see the website of Eurostat. 5. Q R S T U V W X Y Z

145 evidence assessment

BG оценка на доказателствата Definition E CS hodnocení důkazů Primary method of establishing the facts of an in- DE Beweiswürdigung dividual case through the process of examining and EL Αξιολόγηση αποδεικτικών στοιχείων comparing available pieces of evidence. ES Prueba de evaluación ET tõendite hindamine Source FI todisteiden arviointi EASO: Practical Guide on Evidence Assessment - FR évaluation des éléments de preuve March 2015 GA measúnú fianaise Note HU bizonyíték értékelése IT valutazione delle prove The term is not only relevant in the context of inter- LT įrodymų vertinimas national protection and asylum but in other migra- LV pierādījumu izvērtēšana tion procedures such as visa application procedures MT valutazzjoni tal-evidenza as well. NL beoordeling van het bewijs PL ocena dowodu PT avaliação da prova RO SK hodnotenie dôkazov SL ocena dokazov SV bevisvärdering NO bevisvurdering

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

146 examination of an application for international protection A

BG разглеждане на молба за международна Definition B закрила Any examination of, or decision or ruling concerning, CS posouzení žádosti o mezinárodní ochranu an application for international protection by the C DE Prüfung eines Antrags auf internationalen competent authorities in accordance with Directive Schutz 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) and D EL εξέταση αίτησης διεθνούς προστασίας Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive), ES examen de una solicitud de protección except for procedures for determining the EU Member E internacional State responsible in accordance with Regulation (EU) ET rahvusvahelise kaitse taotluse läbivaatamine No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation). F FI kansainvälistä suojelua koskevan hakemuksen käsittely Source G FR examen d’une demande de protection Art. 2(d) of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III internationale Regulation) H GA iniúchadh ar iarratas ar chosaint idirnáisiúnta Broader term HU menedékkérelem elbírásála IT esame della domanda di protezione ★★ application for international protection I internazionale LT tarptautinės apsaugos prašymo nagrinėjimas J (EU acquis); prašymo suteikti prieglobstį nagrinėjimas K LV starptautiskās aizsardzības pieteikuma izskatīšana L MT Tgħarbil / Eżami ta’ applikazzjoni għall- protezzjoni internazzjonali M NL behandeling van een verzoek om internationale bescherming N PL rozpatrywanie wniosku o udzielenie ochrony międzynarodowej O PT análise de um pedido de proteção internacional P RO soluţionarea unei cereri de protecţie internaţionlă Q SK posúdenie žiadosti o medzinárodnú ochranu / posúdenie žiadosti o udelenie medzinárodnej R ochrany (EU acquis); posúdenie žiadosti o udelenie azylu S SL obravnavanje prošnje za mednarodno zaščito SV prövning av ansökan om internationellt skydd T NO vurdering av søknad om internasjonal beskyttelse (b); vurdering av søknad om internasjonalt vern (n) U V

W X Y Z

147 exclusion clause

BG изключваща клауза Definition E CS exkluzivní klauzule / vylučovací klauzule Specifically, any of the provisions of theGeneva Ref- DE Ausschlussklausel ugee Convention and Protocol, such as articles EL ρήτρα αποκλεισμού 1D, 1E and 1F, which mandatorily deny the benefits ES cláusula de exclusión of refugee status to persons who already received ET välistav klausel UN or national protection, or to persons about whom FI poissulkemislauseke there are good reasons to believe that they have com- FR clause d’exclusion mitted a war crime, a crime against humanity, a GA clásal eisiaimh serious non-political crime, or acts contrary to the pur- HU kizáró klauzulák poses and principles of the UN (e.g. the persecution IT clausola di esclusione of others). LT prašymo atmetimo pagrindai LV izslēgšanas noteikums Source MT Klawsola ta’ tbarrija / t’esklużjoni Art. 1D, 1E and 1F of the Geneva Refugee Convention NL uitsluitingsgronden and Protocol PL klauzula wykluczająca Related terms PT cláusulas de exclusão ★★ crime against humanity RO cauză de excludere ★★ war crime SK doložka o vylúčení / vylučovacia klauzula / vylučovacie ustanovenie Note SL izključitvena klavzula The EU asylum acquis (see for example Art. 12 and SV undantagsklausul 17 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Di- NO unntaksbestemmelse (b); unntaksføresegn (n) rective) has incorporated these Geneva Refugee Convention clauses whilst additionally stipulating exclusion clauses in relation to subsidiary protection.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

148 ex-nunc examination A

BG ex-nunc проверки /проверки, които следва Definition B да бъдат направени от даден момент In appeals procedures, a court's or tribunal's consid- нататък eration of the evidence of the situation (all elements, C CS ex-nunc přezkum facts and points of law) available at the moment of DE Ex-nunc-Prüfung; Entscheidung ohne the decision, thus allowing courts or tribunals to take D Neuerungsverbot (AT) into account evidence of which the administration EL ex nunc εξέταση could not have been aware during the first instance E ES Examen ex nunc procedure. ET ex-nunc läbivaatamine F FI ex nunc -tutkinta Source FR examen ex-nunc Art. 46 (3) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum G GA scrúdú ex-nunc Procedures Directive) HU ex-nunc vizsgálat H IT Esame ex-nunc LT ex nunc nagrinėjimas I LV ex nunc pārbaude MT eżami ex-nunc NL ex nunc onderzoek / ex nunc toetsing J PL postępowanie dowodowe ex nunc PT exame ex-nunc K RO SK preskúmanie ex nunc L SL preiskava / obravnava po načelu ex-nunc SV ex nunc-prövning M NO helhetsvurdering av den aktuelle situasjonen (ved anke) (b); N heilskapsvurdering av den aktuelle situasjonen (ved anke) (n) O

P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

149 exodus

BG no usual translation Definition E CS exodus Movements in groups (isolated and sporadic) out of a DE Exodus country of origin in large numbers or of a section of EL (μαζική) έξοδος the community at a given time. ES éxodo ET massiline väljaränne Source FI joukkopako IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 FR exode / fuite massive GA imeacht Note HU kivándorlás A similar definition is also used in the UNHCR Inter- IT esodo national Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology definition. LT egzodas LV masveida izceļošana MT Eżodu NL uittocht / exodus PL exodus PT êxodo RO exod SK exodus / hromadný odchod SL eksodus / množična emigracija SV massflykt NO masseutvandring / masseflukt

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

150 exploitation A

BG експлоатация Definition B CS vykořisťování The act of taking advantage of something or some- DE Ausbeutung one, in particular the act of taking unjust advantage of C EL εκμετάλλευση another for one’s own benefit (e.g. sexual exploitation, ES explotación forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar D ET ärakasutamine to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs). FI hyväksikäyttö E FR exploitation Source GA dúshaothrú IOM Glossary on Migration, 2. Aufl., 2011 F HU kizsákmányolás Related terms IT sfruttamento G LT išnaudojimas ★★ forced labour ★★ trafficking in human beings LV izmantošana H MT Sfruttament Note NL uitbuiting Art. 2(3) of Directive 2011/36/EU (Trafficking Direc- I PL wykorzystywanie tive) states that exploitation includes, as a minimum, PT exploração the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other J RO exploatare forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, SK vykorisťovanie including begging, slavery or practices similar to slav- SL izkoriščanje K ery, servitude, or the exploitation of criminal activities, SV utnyttjande or the removal of organs. NO utnyttelse (b); utnytting (n) L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

151 expulsion

E BG експулсиране Definitions CS vyhoštění The removal of: DE Rückführung (EU acquis) / Ausweisung (DE) EL απέλαση (a) a third-country national subject to an expulsion ES expulsión decision based on a serious and present threat to pub- ET väljasaatmine lic order or to national security and safety taken in the FI maasta poistaminen (not in general use) following cases: FR éloignement (acquis UE, BE, FR) ; expulsion (LU) - conviction of a third-country national by the issu- GA díbirt / ionnarbadh ing EU Member State for an offence punishable by a HU kiutasítás (when implemented with official penalty involving deprivation of liberty of at least one escort: kitoloncolás) year; IT espulsione LT išsiuntimas - the existence of serious grounds for believing that a LV piespiedu izraidīšana third-country national has committed serious criminal MT Espulsjoni / Tkeċċija offences or the existence of solid evidence of their in- NL verwijdering / uitzetting / uitwijzing tention to commit such offences within the territory of PL wydalenie a Member State. PT expulsão RO expulzare / returnare (forţată) sub escortă (b) a third-country national subject to an expulsion de- SK vyhostenie cision based on failure to comply with national rules SL izgon / odstranitev on the entry or residence of aliens. SV avvisning / utvisning NO utvisning (b); utvising (n) Source Art. 3(1) of Council Directive 2001/40/EC (Expulsion Directive) Broader term ★★ removal Narrower term ★★ expulsion decision Note In FI, the preferred English translation is ‘removal from the country’.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

152 expulsion decision A

BG решение за експулсиране Definition B CS rozhodnutí o vyhoštění Any decision which orders an expulsion taken by a DE Rückführungsentscheidung (EU acquis); competent administrative (or judicial) authority of an C Ausweisungsentscheidung (DE, LU) issuing EU Member State. EL απόφαση απέλασης D ES decisión de expulsión Source ET väljasaatmisotsus Art. 2(b) of Council Directive 2001/40/EC (Expulsion E FI maastapoistamispäätös / karkottamispäätös Directive) FR décision d’éloignement (acquis UE, BE, FR) ; F décision d’expulsion (LU) Synonym ★★ expulsion order GA cinneadh ionnarbtha G HU kiutasítást elrendelő határozat Broader term IT decisione di espulsione ★★ expulsion H LT sprendimas išsiųsti / sprendimas dėl išsiuntimo Related terms I LV izbraukšanas rīkojums / lēmums par piespiedu ★★ enforcement measure izraidīšanu ★★ removal order MT Deċiżjoni ta’ espulsjoni / ta’ tkeċċija J NL verwĳderingsbesluit Notes PL decyzja o wydaleniu 1. In DE, only expulsion order is used, while expulsion K PT decisão de expulsão decision and expulsion order are understood in the RO expulsion (a) hotărâre judecătorescă de same way. L expulzare (b) decizie de returnare sub escortă 2. In RO, expulsion is decided by the courts only, not SK rozhodnutie o vyhostení by administration. M SL odločitev o izgonu SV beslut om avvisning eller utvisning N NO utvisningsbeslutning (b); utvisingsavgjerd (n) O

P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

153 external EU border

BG външна граница на ЕС Definition E CS vnější hranice EU The parts of a Schengen Member State’s border, in- DE EU-Außengrenze cluding land borders, river and lake borders, sea bor- EL εξωτερικά σύνορα της ΕΕ ders and their airports, river ports, sea ports and lake ES frontera exterior (UE) ports, that are not common borders with another ET EL välispiir Schengen Member State. FI EU:n ulkoraja FR frontière extérieure de l’UE Source GA teorainn sheachtrach AE Derived by EMN from Regulation (EU) 2016/399 HU külső határ (Schengen Borders Code) IT frontiera esterna UE Related terms LT ES išorės siena ★★ LV ES ārējā robeža border control ★★ MT Konfini (Il-) esterni / Fruntiera (Il-) esterna internal EU border ★★ tal-UE irregular entry ★★ legal entry NL EU buitengrens ★★ refusal of entry PL granica zewnętrzna UE ★★ Schengen Borders Code PT fronteira externa RO frontiere externe UE Notes SK vonkajšia hranica EÚ 1. IE and UK do not participate in the Schengen Area. SL zunanja meja EU 2. BG, HR and RO are Schengen candidate countries. SV yttre EU-gräns 3. IS, LI, NO and CH are also Schengen Member States, NO ytre grense for Schengen-medlemsland although they are not EU Member States. 4. For updated information on membership to the Schengen Area, see the description of EU policies on borders and visas and Schengen on the website of DG HOME.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

154 False and Authentic Documents Online (FADO) A

BG Онлайн система за фалшиви и истински Definition B F документи A European Union internet-based image-archiving CS Falešné a pravé doklady online system set up to support the rapid sharing between C DE Falsche und echte Dokumente online EU Member States of images of genuine, false and EL Πλαστά και γνήσια έγγραφα οnline forged documents in order to aid the combating of D ES Documentos falsos y auténticos en línea irregular migration and the use of fraudulent doc- ET Võltsitud ja ehtsad dokumendid veebis uments. E FI Aitojen ja väärennettyjen asiakirjojen sähköinen tietokanta (FADO) Source F FR Faux documents et documents authentiques Derived by EMN from information in the Summary of en ligne Joint Action 98/700/JHA concerning the setting up of G GA Doiciméid Bhréagacha agus Bharantúla ar a European image-archiving system Líne Synonym H HU Hamis és Eredeti Okmányok Online ★★ FADO Adatbázisa I IT Documenti falsi e autentici online Related term LT Klastoti ir autentiški dokumentai internete ★★ Public Register of Authentic Travel and Identi- J LV viltoti un autentiski dokumenti tiešsaistē / ty Documents Online (PRADO) FADO MT Dokumenti Foloz u Awtentiċi Onlajn Notes K NL Fraudedocumenten en Authentieke 1. FADO was established by a Joint Action of the L Documenten Online Council of the European Union enacted in 1998. PL Fałszywe i Autentyczne Dokumenty 2. Based on Article 2 of the Joint Action establish- Elektroniczne ing the system, the database contains among other M PT documentos falsos e autênticos on-line things: RO - images of false and forged documents; N SK Falošné a pravé doklady online - images of genuine documents; SL Spletna stran na kateri so na voljo vzorci - summary information on forgery techniques; O pristnih in ponarejenih / prenarejenih - summary information on security techniques. dokumentov 3. Access to FADO is currently limited to document P SV falska och äkta handlingar online experts of the 31 FADO partner states (all EU Member NO nettbasert referansedatabase for falske og States and IC, NO, and CH) Q ekte dokumenter 4. Part of the information in the classified, restricted system, FADO, is made publicly available, via the R Public Register of Authentic Travel and Identity Docu- ments Online (PRADO) website which is managed by S the Council of the European Union. T

U V W X Y Z

155 false declaration of parenthood

BG невярна декларация за родителство Definitions F CS falešné prohlášení rodičovství An untruthful declaration of a relationship of parent- DE falsche Erklärung der Elternschaft / falsche hood which does not actually exist either Elternschaftsangabe EL ψευδής δήλωση πατρότητας (a) between a minor who is an union citizen or set- ES declaración falsa de paternidad / maternidad tled third-country national and a third-country na- ET põlvnemise kohta valeandmete esitamine tional adult, where the adult claims to be the parent FI valheellinen vanhemmuuden ilmoittaminen in order to obtain or legalise their residence in a EU FR fausse déclaration de parentalité Member State, or GA bréagdhearbhú tuismíochta HU hamis szülői nyilatkozat (b) between a third-country national minor and a un- IT falsa dichiarazione di filiazione ion citizen adult or a settled third-country national LT fiktyvus įvaikinimas adult where the adult declares themselves parent of LV vecāku statusa viltus reģistrēšana the minor in order to obtain or legalise the residence MT Dikjarazzjoni falza ta’ maternità u / jew of the child and/or possibly the residenc paternità NL valse ouderschapsverklaring Source PL fałszywe oświadczenie o uznaniu Developed by EMN rodzicielstwa Narrower term PT falsas declarações parentesco ★★ false declaration of paternity RO declaraţie de paternitate falsă SK falošné prehlásenie rodičovstva Related terms SL lažna izjava o starševstvu ★★ civil partnership of convenience SV osant intygande om föräldraskap ★★ marriage of convenience NO falsk vedgåelse av foreldreskap (b); falsk ★★ partnership of convenience vedgåing av foreldreskap (n) Note For more information on false declarations of parenthood, see EMN: Misuse of family reunification, 2012.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

156 family formation A

BG създаване на семейство Definitions B CS sloučení rodiny The entry into and residence in an EU Member State of DE Familienbildung a third-country national on the basis of the estab- C EL δημιουργία οικογένειας lishment of a family relationship either ES formación de la familia D ET pere loomise eesmärgil riiki sisenemine a) after their third-country national sponsor has FI perheenmuodostaminen gained legal residence in an EU Member State; or E FR constitution de la famille GA foirmiú teaghlaigh (b) with an EU national. F HU családalapítás IT costituzione di una famiglia Source G LT šeimos kūrimas Developed by EMN LV ģimenes apvienošana / ģimenes Broader term H atkalapvienošana ★★ family reunification MT Kompożizzjoni / Tiswira tal-familja I NL gezinsvorming Related terms PL założenie rodziny ★★ chain migration J PT reagrupamento familiar ★★ family migration RO reîntregirea familiei ★★ nuclear family K SK založenie rodiny ★★ right to family life SL ustanovitev družine ★★ right to family unity SV familjebildning L NO familiedannelse (b); familiedanning (n) Notes M 1. This term is specific to some EU Member States, particularly BE, NL, SE. In UK, this relates to the formation of family between a UK national and a third-coun- N try national only. 2. In other EU Member States, family formation is cov- O ered under family reunification. P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

157 family member

BG член на семейство (d) the dependent direct relatives in the ascending line F CS and those of the spouse or partner as defined in point rodinný příslušník DE Familienangehöriger (b). EL μέλος οικογένειας ES Miembro de la familia In the context of asylum, and in particular Regulation ET perekonnaliige (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation), this means FI perheenjäsen insofar as the family already existed in the country of FR membre de (la) famille origin, the following members of the applicant’s fam- GA duine muinteartha ily who are present on the territory of the EU Member HU családtag States: IT familiare a) the spouse of the applicant or their unmarried part- LT šeimos narys ner in a stable relationship, where the law or practice LV ģimenes loceklis of the EU Member State concerned treats unmarried MT Membru tal-familja couples in a way comparable to married couples under NL gezinslid its law relating to third-country national PL członek rodziny PT membro da familia b) the minor children of couples referred to in the first RO membru de familie indent or of the applicant, on condition that they are SK rodinný príslušník / člen rodiny unmarried and regardless of whether they were born SL družinski član in or out of wedlock or adopted as defined under na- SV familjemedlem tional law; NO familiemedlem c) when the applicant is a minor and unmarried, the Definitions father, mother or another adult responsible for the In the general migration context, a person either mar- applicant, whether by law or by the practice of the ried to, or having a relationship legally recognised as Member State where the adult is present; equivalent to marriage, to a migrant, as well as their dependent children or other dependants who are d) when the beneficiary of international protection is recognised as members of the family by applicable a minor and unmarried, the father, mother or another legislation. adult responsible for them whether by law or by the practice of the Member State where the beneficiary In the context of the Family Reunification Directive is present. (Directive 2003/86(EC), a third-country national, as specified in Art. 4 of this Directive (normally members Sources of the nuclear family – i.e. the spouse and the minor General: Derived by EMN from Art. 4 of UN Convention children), who has entered the territory of the Euro- on the Protection of All Migrant Workers and Members pean Union for the purpose of family reunification. of their Families Family reunification: Recital 9 and Art. 4 of Council In the context of the Free Movement Directive (Direc- Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunification Directive) tive 2004/38 EC): Free movement: Art. 2(2) of Directive 2004/38/EC (a) the spouse; (Free Movement Directive) Asylum: Art. 2(g) of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (b) the partner with whom the union citizen has con- (Dublin III Regulation tracted a registered partnership, on the basis of the legislation of a EU Member State, if the legislation of Related terms the host Member State treats registered partnerships ★★ dependant as equivalent to marriage and in accordance with the ★★ family reunification conditions laid down in the relevant legislation of the ★★ nuclear family host Member State; ★★ sponsor

(c) the direct descendants who are under the age of 21 or are dependants and those of the spouse or partner as defined in point (b); ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

158 family migration A BG миграция с цел създаване или събиране на Definitions B семейство In the global context, a general concept encompassing CS migrace za účelem sloučení rodiny family reunification, family formation, and mi- C DE Familienmigration gration of an entire family at the same time. EL οικογενειακή μετανάστευση D ES migración por motivos familiares In the EU context, a concept which refers explicitly to ET pereränne family reunification and family formation. E FI perheperusteinen maahanmuutto FR migration pour des raisons familiales Sources F GA imirce teaghlaigh Global context: Derived by EMN from the discussion of HU családegyesítési célú migráció / types of family migration in Chapter 6 of IOM World G családegyesítés Migration Report 2008 IT migrazione familiare EU context: Developed by EMN H LT šeimos migracija Related terms LV ģimenes migrācija ★★ I MT Migrazzjoni għal raġunijiet ta’ familja chain migration ★★ family formation NL gezinsmigratie ★★ family reunification PL migracja rodzinna J ★★ right to family unity PT migração familiar RO migraţia în scopul reîntregirii familiei K SK migrácia z rodinných dôvodov SL družinska migracija L SV familjemigration NO familiemigrasjon M N

O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

159 family tracing

BG Проследяване на семейството Definition F CS vyhledávání členů rodiny Search for family members, including relatives or DE Suche nach Familienangehörigen former caregivers of unaccompanied minors and EL εντοπισμός της οικογένειας separated children, with the aim of ensuring the ES localización familiar restoration of family links and the right of family ET perekonnaliikmete otsimine unity. FI perheenjäsenten jäljittäminen FR recherche des familles Sources GA Teaghlach a lorg Derived by EMN from: EASO practical guide on family HU családi kapcsolatok felkutatása tracing, March 2016 IT indagini familiari and LT šeimos narių paieška UN General comment No. 6: Treatment of Unaccom- LV ģimenes locekļu meklēšana panied and Separated Children Outside their Country MT traċċar tal-familja of Origin, 2005 NL opsporing van familieleden Broader term PL ★★ family member PT localização das famílias RO Related terms SK pátranie po rodinných príslušníkoch / ★★ best interests of the child (BIC) vyhľadávanie rodinných príslušníkov ★★ right to family unity SL iskanje družine SV familjespårning Notes NO familesporing 1. Family tracing can be applied in different migration procedures. It is primarily done for unaccompanied minors and separated children with the aim of ensuring the best interests of the child (BIC) in the respective procedure. 2. In the EU context, separated children are covered by unaccompanied minors. 3. According to Art. 6(4) of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation), the EU Member State where an unaccompanied minor lodged an application for international protection shall as soon as possible take appropriate action to identify family members, siblings or relatives of the unaccompanied minor in the territory of the EU Member State whilst protecting the best interests of the child. 4. The understanding of this term may vary in the EU Member/EFTA States.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

160 family reunification A

BG събиране на семейство Definitions B CS sloučení rodiny The establishment of a family relationship which is DE Familienzusammenführung either: C EL οικογενειακή επανένωση ES reagrupación familiar a) the entry into and residence in an EU Member State, D ET perekonna taasühinemine in accordance with Council Directive 2003/86/EC FI perheenyhdistäminen (Family Reunification Directive), by family members of E FR regroupement familial; réunification familiale a third-country national residing lawfully in that EU (FR) Member State (‘sponsor’) in order to prese F GA athaontú teaghlaigh HU családegyesítés b) between an union citizen and third-country na- G IT ricongiungimento familiare tional established outside the European Union who LT šeimos susijungimas then subsequently enters the European Union. H LV ģimenes apvienošana / ģimenes Sources atkalapvienošana I MT Riunifikazzjoni tal-familja Part (a): Art. 2 (d) of Council Directive 2003/86/EC NL gezinshereniging (Family Reunification Directive) PL łączenie rodzin Part (b): Developed by EMN J PT reagrupamento familiar Synonym RO reîntregirea familiei, reunificarea familiei K ★★ family reunion SK zlúčenie rodiny SL združevanje družine Broader term L SV familjeåterförening ★★ right to family unity NO familiegjenforening (b); familiegjenforeining M (n) Narrower term ★★ family formation N Related terms ★★ chain migration O ★★ family member ★★ family migration P ★★ right to family life Q Notes 1. Art. 5(3) of Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Fami- R ly Reunification Directive) also covers 'reunification' when a third-country national is already resident in S the European Union under different permissions (e.g. a residence permit for the purpose of remuneration T or study). 2. In FR, ‘réunification familiale’ is only used when re- U ferring to family members of beneficiaries of international protection. V

W X Y Z

161 female genital mutilation

BG генитално осакатяване на жени Definition F CS ženská obřízka All procedures which involve the partial or total re- DE weibliche Genitalverstümmelung moval of the external genitalia or other injury to the EL ακρωτηριασμός γυναικείων γεννητικών female genital organs whether for cultural or any oth- οργάνων er non-medical reasons. ES Mutilación genital femenina ET naiste suguelundite moonutamine Source FI naisten sukuelinten silpominen / naisten Website of the World Health Organisation ympärileikkaus FR mutilations sexuelles féminines / mutilations Synonyms génitales féminines ★★ FGM GA ciorrú baill ghiniúna ban ★★ cutting HU női nemiszerv-csonkítás ★★ circumcision IT mutilazione genitale femminile ★★ female circumcision LT moters lytinių organų žalojimas Related terms LV sieviešu dzimumorgānu kropļošana ★★ gender-based persecution MT mutilazzjoni ġenitali femminili ★★ gender-specific violence NL vrouwelijke genitale verminking ★★ social group PL okaleczanie żeńskich organów płciowych PT mutiliação genital feminina Notes RO 1. FGM is recognized internationally as a violation of SK mrzačenie ženských pohlavných orgánov / the human rights of women and girls. The practice zmrzačovanie ženských pohlavných orgánov also violates a person’s rights to health, security and SL pohabljanje ženskih spolnih organov physical integrity; the right to be free from torture SV kvinnlig könsstympning and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment; and the NO kvinnelig kjønnslemlestelse (b); kvinneleg right to life when the procedure results in death. The kjønnslemlesting (n) practice of FGM is considered as a criminal act in all EU Member States. 2. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Guidance Notes of 2009 state that a girl or woman seeking asylum because she has been compelled to undergo, or is likely to be subjected to FGM may qualify for refugee status under the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol. The UNHCR Guidelines consider FGM to be a form of gender-specific violence that inflicts severe mental and physical harm and amounts to persecution. For further information see UNHCR Guidance Note on Refugee Claims relating to Female Genital Mutilation, 2009.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

162 final decision A

BG окончателно решение Definition B CS pravomocné rozhodnutí / konečné rozhodnutí A decision on whether the third-country nation- DE rechtskräftige Entscheidung al or stateless person be granted refugee status C EL οριστική απόφαση or subsidiary protection status by virtue of Directive ES resolución definitiva 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) and which D ET lõplik otsus is no longer subject to a remedy within the framework FI lainvoimainen päätös of Chapter V of this Directive, irrespective of whether E FR décision finale such remedy has the effect of allowing applicants to GA cinneadh críochnaitheach remain in the EU Member State concerned pending its F HU jogerős határozat outcome. IT decisione definitiva G LT galutinis sprendimas Source LV galīgais lēmums Art. 2(e) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Pro- H MT Deċiżjoni finali cedures Directive) NL definitieve beslissing I PL ostateczna decyzja PT decisão final J RO decizie finală SK konečné rozhodnutie SL dokončna odločba / pravnomočna odločba K SV slutligt beslut NO endelig vedtak (b); endeleg avgjerd (n) L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

163 first country of asylum

BG първа страна на убежище Definitions F CS první země azylu A country in which an applicant for international DE erster Asylstaat / erstes Asylland protection has either EL πρώτη χώρα ασύλου ES primer país de asilo (a) been recognised as a refugee and they can still ET esmane varjupaigariik avail themselves of that protection; or FI ensimmäinen turvapaikkamaa FR premier pays d’asile (b) otherwise enjoys sufficient protection, including GA an chéad tír thearmainn benefiting from the principle ofnon-refoulement , HU első menedék országa provided that they will be readmitted to that country. IT paese di primo asilo LT pirmoji prieglobsčio šalis Source LV pirmā patvēruma valsts Art. 35 of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Pro- MT L-Ewwel art / pajjiż tal-ażil cedures Directive) NL eerste land van asiel Synonyms PL kraj pierwszego azylu ★★ country of first asylum PT primeiro país de asilo ★★ first asylum principle RO prima ţară de azil SK prvá krajina azylu Notes SL prva država azila 1. In applying the concept of ‘first country of asy- SV första asylland lum’ to the particular circumstances of an applicant, NO første asylland EU Member States may take into account Art. 38(1) of the Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Proce- dures Directive) (‘concept of safe third country’). 2. In accordance with relevant legislation, an applicant shall be allowed to challenge the application of the first country of asylum concept in relation to their particular circumstances.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

164 Five plus Five (5+5) Dialogue on Migration in the Western Mediterranean A

BG 5+5 диалог по въпросите на миграцията в Definition B Западното Средиземноморие A trans-Mediterranean forum set up as a security CS Dialog 5+5 o migraci v západním Středomoří initiative to secure closer cooperation between five C DE 5+5 Dialog über Migration im Westlichen EU Member States and five Arab Maghreb countries Mittelmeerraum through political dialogue and economic cooperation, D EL 5+5 Διάλογος για τη Μετανάστευση για τη and by encouraging more efficient management of Δυτική Μεσόγειο resources as a means of enhancing regional interde- E ES Diálogo 5+5 sobre migración en el pendence and development. Mediterráneo Occidental ET 5+5 Vahemere lääneosa rände dialoog Source F FI 5+5-vuoropuhelu Välimeren länsiosan maiden Website of the 5+5 Dialogue G välillä Synonyms FR Dialogue 5+5 sur la migration en H Méditerranée occidentale ★★ 5+5 Dialogue ★★ Western Mediterranean Forum GA Idirphlé 5+5 maidir leis an Imirce i réigiún na I Meánmhara Thiar Related terms HU 5+5 Nyugat- Mediterrán Migrációs Párbeszéd ★★ Dialogue on Mediterranean Transit Migration J IT Dialogo 5+5 sulle Migrazioni nel Mediterraneo ★★ Euro-African Dialogue on Migration and De- Occidentale velopment K LT Vakarų Viduržemio jūros regiono valstybių ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility dialogas „5+5“ migracijos klausimais (GAMM) LV 5+5 Vidusjūras rietumu valstu dialogs par L migrāciju Notes M MT Djalogu 5+5 fuq il-Migrazzjoni fil-Punent 1. The Western Mediterranean Forum, commonly re- tal‑Mediterran ferred to as the 5+5 Dialogue, was officially launched NL 5+5 dialoog over migratie in het Westelijke in Rome in 1990. N Middellandsezeegebied 2. The forum involves ten partners (Algeria, Libya, PL 5+5 Dialog na rzecz migracji w zachodniej Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia, France, Italy, Malta, Por- O części Morza Śródziemnego tugal and Spain) and is facilitated by the IOM. Its are- PT Diálogo 5+5 para o Mediterrâneo ocidental as of activity are information exchange, joint manage- P RO 5+5 Dialog cu privire la migraţie în zona vest ment of international borders, agreed forms of labour Mediteraneeană migration, migration for development, and protection Q SK Dialóg 5+5 o migrácii v západnom Stredomorí of the rights of migrants in the Western Mediterrane- SL 5+5 Dialog o migracijah v zahodnem an region R Sredozemlju 3. For more information see the website of the SV dialogen mellan länderna i västra 5+5 Dialogue. S Medelhavsområdet / 5+5-dialogen NO 5+5-dialog om migrasjon i det vestre T Middelhavet U

V W X Y Z

165 forced labour

BG принудителен труд Definition F CS nucená práce All work or service which is exacted from any person DE Zwangsarbeit under the menace of any penalty and for which the EL καταναγκαστική εργασία said person has not offered themselves voluntarily. ES trabajo forzoso ET sunnitöö Source FI pakkotyö Art. 2(1) of ILO Convention No. 29, 1930 (Forced La- FR travail forcé bour Convention) GA obair éigeantais Synonyms HU kényszermunka IT lavoro forzato ★★ compulsory labour ★★ compulsory work LT priverstinis darbas LV piespiedu darbs Related terms MT Xogħol furzat / ta’ bilfors ★★ child labour NL gedwongen arbeid (NL); dwangarbeid (BE) ★★ exploitation PL praca przymusowa PT trabalho forçado RO muncă forţată SK nútená práca SL prisilno delo SV tvångsarbete NO tvangsarbeid

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

166 forced marriage A

BG брак по принуда Definition B CS nucený sňatek The union of two persons, at least one of whom has DE Zwangsheirat not given their full and free consent to the marriage. C EL εξαναγκαστικός γάμος ES matrimonio forzado Source D ET sundabielu Art. 4 of Council of Europe Resolution 1468 (2005) FI pakkoavioliitto E FR mariage forcé GA pósadh éigeantais F HU kényszerházasság IT matrimonio forzato G LT priverstinė santuoka LV piespiedu laulības H MT Żwieġ sfurzat / ta’ bilfors NL gedwongen huwelijk I PL wymuszone małżeństwo PT casamento forçado J RO căsătorie forţată SK nútené manželstvo SL prisilna poroka K SV tvångsäktenskap NO tvangsekteskap L M

forced migrant N

BG мигрант по принуда Definition O CS nucený migrant A person subject to a migratory movement in which an DE Zwangsmigrant element of coercion exists, including threats to life and P EL no translation livelihood, whether arising from natural or man-made ES migrante forzoso causes (e.g. movements of refugees and internal- Q ET sundsisserändaja (no usual translation) ly displaced persons as well as people displaced by FI pakkomuuttaja natural or environmental disasters, chemical or nucle- R FR migrant forcé ar disasters, famine or development projects). GA imirceach éigeantais S HU kényszermigráns Source IT migrante forzato Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd LT priverstinis migrantas ed. 2011 T LV piespiedu migrants Broader term MT Migrant(a) kostrett(a) / sfurzat(a) U ★★ migrant NL gedwongen migrant PL migrant przymusowy Narrower terms V PT migrante forçado ★★ displaced person W RO migrant forţat ★★ refugee SK nútený migrant Related terms SL prisilni migrant X SV tvångsmigrant ★★ de facto refugee ★★ NO tvungen migrant economic migrant Y ★★ forced migration Z

167 forced migration

BG принудителна миграция Definition F CS nucená migrace A migratory movement in which an element of co- DE erzwungene Migration / Zwangsmigration ercion exists, including threats to life and livelihood, EL αναγκαστική μετανάστευση whether arising from natural or man-made causes ES migración forzosa (e.g. movements of refugees and internally dis- ET sundränne placed persons as well as people displaced by nat- FI pakkomuutto ural or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear FR migration forcée disasters, famine or development projects). GA imirce éigeantais HU kényszermigráció Source IT migrazione forzata IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed. 2011 LT priverstinė migracija Broader term LV piespiedu migrācija ★★ MT Migrazzjoni kostretta / sfurzata migration NL gedwongen migratie Narrower term PL migracja przymusowa ★★ displacement PT migração forçada RO migraţie forţată Related terms SK nútená migrácia ★★ economic migration SL prisilna migracija ★★ forced migrant SV tvångsmigration ★★ managed migration NO tvangsmigrasjon

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

168 forced return A

BG принудително връщане Synonym B CS nucený návrat ★★ compulsory return DE zwangsweise Rückführung / C Zwangsrückführung / erzwungene Rückkehr Broader term EL αναγκαστική επιστροφή / αναγκαστικός ★★ return D επαναπατρισμός / ακούσια επιστροφή Narrower terms ES retorno forzoso E ET sunniviisiline tagasipöördumine / ★★ expulsion tagasisaatmine ★★ extradition FI pakkopaluu / pakkopalauttaminen ★★ removal F ★★ voluntary departure FR retour forcé G GA filleadh éigeantach Related term HU kötelező visszatérés ★★ return decision H IT Ritorno forzato / Rimpatrio forzato Notes LT priverstinis grąžinimas I LV piespiedu atgriešana (EU acquis); piespiedu 1. In the global context, forced return is a broader izraidīšana term which includes any action having the effect of J MT Ritorn obbligatorju / Ripatrijazzjoni returning the individual to a State, including expul- obbligatorja sion, removal, extradition, rejection at the frontier, NL gedwongen terugkeer / verplichte terugkeer extra-territorial interception and physical return. K PL przymusowy powrót 2. The term ‘forced return’ is not used at all in Eu- PT retorno forçado ropean Union legislation. Council Directive 2008/115/ L RO returnare (fortata)/returnare sub escortă EC (Return Directive) which regulates the return of SK nútený návrat migrants whose stay has been found to be illegal – M SL obvezno vračanje refers to return following a return decision as ‘return’ SV återvändande med tvång (tvångsvist (not ‘forced return’). In order to avoid confusion with N återvändande) the return of migrants based on their free will and NO tvangsretur without any direction from the State, the EMN has O named ‘return’ when occurring in compliance with a Definitions return decision, ‘forced return’. P In the global context, compulsory return of an in- 3. If the term ‘forced return’ is used in the European dividual to the country of origin, transit or third Union environment (e.g. in the metadata of Eurostat), Q country (i.e. country of return), on the basis of an it is understood as synonymous with ‘removal’ – i.e. administrative or judicial act. the physical transportation out of the country follow- R ing a return decision. In the EU context, the process of going back – wheth- 4. Outside of European Union legislation the term S er in voluntary or enforced compliance with an obli- ‘forced return’ is more commonly used and under- gation to return – to: stood as a return which occurs once a return decision T has been issued. - one’s country of origin; or U - a country of transit in accordance with EU or bilateral readmission agreements or other arrange- V ments; or W - another third country, to which the third-country national concerned voluntarily decides to return X and in which they will be accepted. Sources Y Global context: IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 Z EU context: Art. 3(3) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Re- turn Directive)

169 forced return monitoring BG наблюдение на принудителното връщане Definition F CS monitoring nucených návratů All monitoring activities undertaken in respect of re- DE Überwachung von Rückführungen moval from the territory of an EU/EFTA Member State EL παρακολούθηση αναγκαστικών επιστροφών of a third-country national ordered to leave the ES Control y seguimiento retorno forzoso country (from the preparation of departure, until re- ET sunniviisilise tagasisaatmise jälgimine ception in the country of return or in the case of FI pakkopalautusten valvonta / failed removal until return to the point of departure). maastapoistamisen valvonta FR contrôle du retour forcé Sources GA Derived by EMN from Art. 8(6) of Directive 2008/115/ HU a kitoloncolás végrehajtásának felügyelete EC (Return Directive) IT (sistema di) monitoraggio dei rimpatri forzati and LT priverstinio grąžinimo stebėsena (EU acquis); Annex I to Commission Recommendation išsiuntimo stebėsena C(2017) 6505: Return Handbook LV piespiedu atgriešanas uzraudzība (EU acquis); Synonyms piespiedu izraidīšanas uzraudzība ★★ forced return monitoring system MT monitoraġġ tar-ritorn furzat ★★ forced return monitoring tool NL monitoring van gedwongen terugkeer ★★ return monitoring PL PT monitorização do retorno forçado Broader terms RO ★★ forced return SK monitorovanie núteného návratu ★★ removal SL spremljanje prisilnega vračanja SV övervakning av återvändande med tvång Notes NO Overvåking av tvangsretur 1. Art. 8(6) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Direc- tive) introduced an important fundamental rights safeguard for third-country nationals ordered to leave the EU obliging EU Member States to implement a forced return monitoring system. This should include involvement of organisations/bodies different and independent from the authorities enforcing return. The European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) supports return monitoring by deploying experts (‘return monitors’) who carry out independent monitoring of return operations to ensure compliance with fundamental rights (Art. 29 of Regulation (EU) 2016/1624 (European Border and Coast Guard Reg- ulation)). 2. The mere existence of judicial remedies in individual cases or national systems of the supervision of the efficiency of national return policies cannot be considered as a valid application of Art. 8(6) of the Return Directive. 3. Art. 8(6) of the Return Directive does not imply a subjective right of a returnee to be monitored nor does it imply an obligation to monitor each single removal operation. A monitoring system based on spot checks and monitoring of random samples may be considered sufficient as long as the monitoring intensity is sufficiently close to guarantee overall efficiency of monitoring. 4. The monitoring does not cover post-return monitoring (the period following reception of the returnee in ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION a third country).

170 foreign population of a country A BG чуждестранно население на една държава Definition B CS populace cizinců v zemi All persons who have a certain country as their coun- DE ausländische Bevölkerung eines Landes try of usual residence and who are citizens of an- C EL αλλοδαπός πληθυσμός σε μια χώρα other country. ES población extranjera D ET välisriigi kodanikest rahvastik Source FI maan ulkomainen väestö OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms E FR population étrangère d’un pays Narrower term GA daonra eachtrannach tíre F HU egy ország külföldi népessége ★★ stock of foreigners IT popolazione straniera di un paese Related term G LT šalyje gyvenantys užsieniečiai ★★ migrant stock LV ārvalstnieki H MT Popolazzjoni barranija ta’ pajjiż NL bevolking van buitenlandse nationaliteit I PL populacja cudzoziemców z kraju PT população estrangeira J RO populaţie străină SK populácia cudzincov v krajine SL tuje prebivalstvo države K SV utländska medborgare NO et lands utenlandske befolkning (b); den L utanlandske folkesetnaden i eit land (n) M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

171 fraudulent travel or identity document

BG подправен документ за пътуване или Definitions F самоличност Any travel or identity document: CS padělaný nebo pozměněný cestovní doklad nebo doklad totožnosti (i) that has been falsely made or altered in some ma- DE gefälschtes Reise-oder Identitätsdokument / terial way by anyone other than a person or agen- betrügerisches Reise-oder Identitätsdokument cy lawfully authorised to make or issue the travel or EL πλαστό έγγραφο ταυτότητας ή ταξιδιωτικό identity document on behalf of a State; or έγγραφο ES documento de identidad o de viaje (ii) that has been improperly issued or obtained fraudulento through misrepresentation, corruption or duress or in ET võltsitud reisi- või isikut tõendav dokument any other unlawful manner; or FI väärä / väärennetty matkustusasiakirja / henkilötodistus (iii) that is being used by a person other than the right- FR document de voyage ou d’identité frauduleux ful holder. GA bréagdhoiciméad taistil nó aitheantais HU hamis úti vagy személyazonosságot igazoló Source okmány Art. 3(c) of Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants IT documento di viaggio o di identità fraudolento by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the UN Conven- LT suklastotas kelionės ar asmens dokumentas tion against Transnational Organised Crime LV viltots ceļošanas vai personu apliecinošs Synonyms dokuments ★★ fraudulent travel document MT Dokument tal-ivjaġġar jew tal-identità ★★ fraudulent identity document frodulenti / qarrieqi ★★ false travel document NL frauduleus reis- of identiteitsdocument ★★ false identity document PL fałszywy dokument podróży lub tożsamości ★★ forged travel document PT documento de viagem ou de identidade ★★ forged identity document fraudulento RO document de călătorie sau identitate fals, Related term falsificat sau obţinut în mod fraudulos ★★ travel document SK falošný alebo pozmenený cestovný alebo identifikačný doklad / falošný alebo pozmenený cestovný doklad alebo doklad totožnosti SL zlorabljena (lažna) potna listina ali dokument za izkazovanje identitete SV falsk rese- eller identitetshandling NO falskt reise- eller identitetsbevis

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

172 frontier worker A

BG пограничен работник Definition B CS přeshraniční pracovník In the EU context, a worker who is employed in the DE Grenzarbeitnehmer frontier zone of an EU Member State but who returns C EL διασυνοριακός εργαζόμενος / μεθοριακός each day or at least once a week to the frontier zone εργαζόμενος of a neighbouring country in which they reside and of D ES trabajador transfronterizo which they are nationals. ET piiriala töötaja E FI rajatyöntekijä Source FR travailleur frontalier Council Resolution of 20 June 1994 on limitation on F GA oibrí trasteorann admission of third-country nationals to the territory of HU határmenti ingázó (munkavállaló) the Member States for employment G IT lavoratore straniero frontaliero Related terms LT pasienio darbuotojas ★★ H LV pārrobežu darba ņēmējs border resident ★★ MT Ħaddiem ta’ mal-fruntiera cross-border worker ★★ local border traffic I NL grensarbeider PL pracownik przygraniczny Notes PT trabalhador fronteiriço J The definition covers in particular RO lucrător transfrontalier 1. third-country nationals entering the European Union from the SK pracovník z prihraničnej oblasti K neighbouring third-country in which they reside. SL obmejni delavec 2. Contrary to 'cross-border workers', frontier workers SV gränsarbetare L work in the frontier zone of the neighbouring country. NO arbeidstaker som grensependler (b); arbeidstakar som grensependlar (n) M N

O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

173 fundamental rights

BG основни права Related terms F CS základní práva ★★ Charter of Fundamental Rights of the Euro- DE Grundrechte pean Union EL θεμελιώδη δικαιώματα ★★ European Union Agency for Fundamental ES Derechos fundamentales Rights (FRA) ET põhiõigused ★★ human rights FI perusoikeudet ★★ European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) FR droits fondamentaux GA Cearta bunúsacha Notes HU alapvető jogok 1. Fundamental rights permit people to develop their IT diritti fondamentali full potential and their fundamental mental, psycho- LT pagrindinės teisės logical, intellectual and physical capacity. They define LV pamattiesības what individuals or groups of people are entitled to MT drittijiet fundamentali and describe the limitations a state may impose to NL fundamentele rechten intrude on those entitlements. Some rights are abso- PL lute and others non-derogable, while some rights are PT direitos fundamentais qualified. RO 2. An absolute right cannot be limited or infringed SK základné práva under any circumstances, not even during a declared SL temeljne pravice state of emergency, such as Art. 3 of the European SV grundläggande rättigheter Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and Art. 2 of NO grunnleggende rettigheter (b); grunnleggande the United Nations Convention against Torture (UN- rettar (n) CAT). 3. Non-derogable rights may be either absolute or Definition non-absolute. While non-derogable rights cannot be Universal legal guarantees without which individuals suspended, some provide for limitations in their ordi- and groups cannot secure their fundamental free- nary application, such as the right to marry and found doms and human dignity and which apply equally to a family in Art. 12 of the ECHR. every human being regardless of nationality, place 4. Qualified rights permit interferences subject to var- of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, colour, re- ious conditions but these must be in accordance with ligion, language, or any other status as per the legal the law and necessary in a democratic state for the system of a country without any conditions. requirements of public order, public health or morals, Sources national security or public safety, such as the right to freedom of expression (Art. 10 of the ECHR). Derived by EMN from the Website of the Europe- There are many crossovers between an Commission on the EU Charter of Fundamental 5. human rights and fundamental rights. According to the Rights European , both and Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) fundamental rights and human rights entitle individu- the FRA-Website als to expect and receive certain levels of treatment. However, there is a difference: the term ‘fundamental rights’ is specifically used in national constitutions, whereas ‘human rights’ is used in international law. 6. In the European Union, fundamental rights are guaranteed nationally by the constitutions of the EU Member States and at EU level by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. The personal scope of application of the Charter is potentially 7. The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights is the EU’s centre of fundamental rights expertise, for further information see the Website of FRA ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

174 gender A

BG социален пол Definition B GCS gender The socially constructed attributes, roles, activities, re- DE soziales Geschlecht sponsibilities and needs predominantly connected to C EL φύλο being male or female in given societies or communi- ES género ties at a given time. D ET sugu FI sukupuoli Source E FR genre Derived by EMN from the list of Concepts and Defini- GA inscne tions on the UN Woman website F HU nemi szerep Synonym IT genere ★★ gender identity LT lytis G LV dzimums Related terms H MT Ġeneru / Ġens / Sess ★★ LGB(TI) NL gender ★★ sex I PL gender, płeć społeczno-kulturowa ★★ sexual orientation PT género ★★ social group J RO gen Notes SK rod K SL spol 1. People fleeing human rights violations andperse - SV genus cution due to their sexual orientation and/or gender L NO kjønn identity may qualify for international protection. Di- rective 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) refers in Art. 10 'Reasons for persecution' to gender M related aspects, including gender identity, which shall be given due consideration for the purposes of de- N termining membership of a particular social group or identifying a characteristic of such a group. O 2. The United Nations High Commissioner for Ref- ugees (UNHCR) and the European Asylum Support P Office (EASO) use the following definition of 'gender identity': '"Each person's deeply felt internal and indi- Q vidual experience of gender, which may or may not correspond with the sex assigned at birth, including R the personal sense of the body - which may involve, if chosen, modification of bodily appearance or func- S tion by medical, surgical or other means - and other expressions of gender, including of dress, speech and T mannerism (see ICJ, Yogyakarta Principles - Principles on the Application of International Human Rights Law U in relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity, ('Yogyakarta Principles'), March 2007. V W X Y Z

175 gender-based persecution

BG преследване, основано на пола Definition GCS pronásledování na základě genderové The causal relationship between gender and perse- příslušnosti cution i.e. when the reason for persecution is related DE Verfolgung aufgrund des Geschlechts / to a person's gender. geschlechtsspezifische Verfolgung EL δίωξη λόγω φύλου Sources ES Persecución por razón de género Crawley, Heaven: Gender-Related Persecution and ET sooline tagakiusamine Women’s Claims to Asylum FI sukupuolistunut väkivalta / and sukupuoliperusteinen väkivalta UNHCR: Guidelines on international protection: Gen- FR persécution fondée sur le genre der-related persecution within the context of Article GA géarleanúint ar bhonn inscne 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention and/or its 1967 Proto- HU nemi hovatartozáson alapuló üldöztetés col relating to the Status of Regfuees, May 2002. IT persecuzione di genere Synonyms LT persekiojimas lyties pagrindu ★★ gender-related persecution LV dzimumspecifiska vajāšana ★★ gender-specific persecution MT persekuzzjoni bbażata fuq il-ġeneru NL gendergerelateerde vervolging Narrower term PL prześladowanie ze względu na płeć ★★ gender-specific violence PT perseguição com base no género RO Related terms SK prenasledovanie z dôvodu rodovej príslušnosti ★★ female genital mutilation SL preganjanje na podlagi spola ★★ gender SV könsrelaterad förföljelse ★★ social group NO kjønnsbasert forfolgelse (b); kjønnsbasert Notes forfølging (n) 1. Gender-based persecution is a term that has no legal meaning per se. It is used to encompass the range of different claims in which gender is a relevant consideration in the determination of refugee status. Gender-related claims may be brought by either women or men, although they are more commonly brought by women. 2. Although gender is not specifically referenced as one of the grounds on which an individual can be recognized as a refugee and given protection, it is widely accepted that it can influence or dictate the reasons for persecution and as such there is no need to add an additional ground to the Refugee Convention definition. A gender-sensitive interpretation should be given to each of the Convention grounds 'race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion' although gender-based persecution is predominantly interpreted within the parameters of the particular social group ground.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

176 gender-specific violence A

BG Насилие свързано с полова принадлежност Definition B CS násilí na základě genderové příslušnosti Different types and forms of harm and human right DE geschlechtsspezifische Gewalt violations which are gender-specific but which do not C EL έμφυλη βία necessarily constitute persecution because of gen- ES Violencia de género der. D ET soopõhine vägivald FI sukupuolistunut väkivalta / Source E sukupuoliperusteinen väkivalta Crawley, Heaven: Gender-Related Persecution and FR violence liée au genre Women’s Claims to Asylum F GA foréigean dírithe ar inscne Synonyms HU nemhez kötődő erőszak IT violenza di genere ★★ GBV G ★★ gender-based violence LT smurtas lyties pagrindu ★★ gender-specific harm H LV dzimumspecifiska vardarbība MT vjolenza speċifika għall-ġeneru Broader term I NL gendergerelateerd geweld ★★ gender-based persecution PL przemoc uwarunkowana płcią PT violência específica de género Related term J RO ★★ female genital mutilation SK rodovo podmienené násilie / rodovo K motivované násilie Notes SL specifično spolno preganjanje 1. Such forms of harm are more frequently used L SV könsspecifikt våld against women or affect women in a manner which NO kjønnsbasert vold (b); kjønnsbasert vald (n) is different to men and include, for example, sexual M violence, rape, female genital mutilation, domestic abuse, forced abortion and sterilisation and denial of N access to contraception. 2. The Recast Qualification Directive (Directive O 2011/95/EU) recognises that gender-specific acts may amount to persecution. P 3. Gender-specific violence is understood as a narrower term to gender-based persecution. Q

R S T U V W X Y Z

177 General Directors of Immigration Services Conference (GDISC) GBG Конференция на генералните директори на Definition имиграционните служби A network established in order to facilitate practical CS Konference generálních ředitelů imigračních cooperation in the field ofasylum and migration be- služeb tween the Immigration Services of the different mem- DE Konferenz der Generaldirektoren der ber countries. Einwanderungsbehörden EL Διάσκεψη των Γενικών Διευθυντών των Source Υπηρεσιών Μετανάστευσης Derived by the EMN from the website of GDISC ES Conferencia de Directores Generales de los Servicios de Inmigración Synonym ET sisserändeteenistuste peadirektorite ★★ GDISC konverents Related term FI Maahanmuuttovirastojen johtajien konferenssi ★★ European Asylum Support Office (EASO) FR Conférence des directeurs généraux des services d’immigration Notes GA Comhdháil Stiúrthóirí Ginearálta na Seirbhísí 1. The GDISC was initiated in 2004. Inimirce 2. Member countries comprise the 28 EU Member HU Bevándorlási Hatóságok Főigazgatóinak States, the three EU candidate countries (Iceland, For- Konferenciája mer Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Turkey), the IT Conferenza dei Direttori generali dei Servizi potential EU candidate Bosnia and Herzegovina and immigrazione two Schengen associated countries (NO and CH). LT Imigracijos tarnybų generalinių direktorių 3. For more information, see the website of GDISC konferencija LV Imigrācijas dienestu ģenerāldirektoru konference MT Konferenza (Il-) tad-Diretturi Ġenerali tas- Servizzi tal-Immigrazzjoni NL Conferentie van algemeen directeuren van de immigratiediensten PL Konferencja Dyrektorów Generalnych Służb Imigracyjnych PT Conferência dos diretores-gerais dos serviços de imigração RO Conferinţa Directorilor Generali ai Serviciilor de Imigrare SK Konferencia generálnych riaditeľov imigračných služieb SL Konferenca generalnih direktorjev služb za priseljevanje SV GDISC / General Directors of Immigration Services Conference (no usual translation) NO GDISC-konferansen / The General Directors’ Immigration Services Conference

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

178 Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol A

BG Женевска конвенция за статута на Definition B бежанците от 1951 г. и Протокол от 1967 г. The UN multilateral treaty which is the key legal doc- CS Ženevská úmluva o uprchlících a Protokol ument defining who is arefugee and who is not, the C DE Genfer Flüchtlingskonvention und Protokoll / rights of refugees and the legal obligations of States Übereinkommen über die Rechtsstellung von towards them. D Flüchtlingen / Flüchtlingsabkommen EL Σύμβαση της Γενεύης και Πρωτόκολλο Source E ES Convenio de Ginebra de 1951 y Protocolo de Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol 1967 F ET Genfi pagulasseisundi konventsioon ja Synonyms protokoll ★★ Convention relating to the Status of Refugees FI Geneven pakolaissopimus ja lisäpöytäkrija ★★ Geneva Convention of 1951 and Protocol of 1967 G ★★ Geneva Refugee Convention and New York Protocol FR Convention de Genève et Protocole relatifs au H statut des réfugiés ★★ 1951 Refugee Convention GA Coinbhinsiún na Ginéive (1951) agus Prótacal ★★ 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees na Ginéive (1967) and the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Ref- I HU a menekültek jogállásáról szóló Genfi ugees Egyezmény és Jegyzőkön ★★ 1951 Geneva Convention J IT Convenzione di Ginevra e Protocollo di New ★★ Refugee Convention York sullo status dei Rifugiati Broader term K LT Ženevos konvencija dėl pabėgėlių statuso ir ★★ refugee law protokolas L LV Ženēvas Konvencija par bēgļa statusu un Narrower terms Protokols par bēgļu statusu ★★ Convention grounds for persecution M MT Konvenzjoni ta’ Ġinevra, u Protokol, dwar ir- ★★ Convention refugee Refuġjati ★★ refugee N NL Geneefse Conventie en Protocol / Verdrag van Related terms Genève en Protocol / Vluchtelingenverdrag ★★ international protection O PL Konwencja Genewska z 1951 r. i Protokół z ★★ United Nations High Commissioner for Refu- 1967 r. gees (UNHCR) P PT Convenção de Genebra e Protocolo RO Convenţia de la Geneva din 1951 şi Protocolul Notes Q de Implementare din 1967 1. The 1951 Refugee Convention was approved at a SK Ženevský dohovor a protokol / Dohovor o special United Nations conference on 28 July 1951 R právnom postavení utečencov a Newyorský and consolidates previous international instruments protokol relating to refugees. It provides the most comprehen- S SL Ženevska konvencija o beguncih in Protokol sive codification of the rights of refugees at interna- SV Genèvekonventionen om flyktingars rättsliga tional level. In contrast to earlier international refugee T ställning och dess tilläggsprotokoll instruments, which applied to specific groups of refu- NO Geneve konvensjonen og protokollen gees, the 1951 Convention endorses a single defini- U om flyktninger / Genevekonvensjonen og tion of the term ‘refugee’ in Art. 1. Geneveprotokollen 2. The Convention is both a status and rights-based V instrument and is underpinned by a number of fundamental principles, most notably non-discrimination, W non-penalisation and non-refoulement. 3. The 1967 New York Protocol removed geographical X and temporal restrictions from the Convention. Y

179 genocide

BG геноцид Definition GCS genocida An act committed with intent to destroy, in whole or DE Völkermord in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group. EL γενοκτονία ES genocidio Source ET genotsiid Art. 2 of the UN Convention on the Prevention and FI kansanmurha / joukkotuhonta Punishment of the Crime of Genocide of 1948 FR génocide GA cinedhíothú Related terms HU népirtás ★★ crime against humanity IT genocidio ★★ ethnic cleansing LT genocidas Notes LV genocīds MT Ġenoċidju 1. As outlined in the Convention, these acts include: NL genocide / volkerenmoord a)killing members of the group; b)causing serious bodily or mental harm to members PL ludobójstwo of the group; PT genocídio c)deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life RO genocid calculated to bring about its physical destruction in SK genocída whole or in part; SL genocid d)imposing measures intended to prevent births with- SV folkmord in the group; NO folkemord e)forcibly transferring children of the group to another group. 2. The definition is also outlined in Art. 6 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

180 Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM) A

BG Глобален подход към миграцията и Narrower terms B мобилността ★★ migration profile CS Globální přístup k migraci a mobilitě ★★ migration routes initiative C DE Gesamtansatz für Migration und Mobilität EL Σφαιρική Προσέγγιση της Μετανάστευσης και Related terms D της Κινητικότητας ★★ Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory on Mi- ES Enfoque Global de la Migración gration E ET globaalne lähenemine rändele ja rahvastiku ★★ Africa-EU Migration, Mobility and Employment liikuvusele Partnership F FI maahanmuuttoa koskeva kokonaisvaltainen ★★ Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) lähestymistapa ★★ Bali Process FR approche globale de la question des ★★ Budapest Process G ★★ Cotonou Agreement migrations et de la mobilité H GA Cur Chuige Domhanda i leith Imirce agus ★★ Dialogue on Mediterranean Transit Migration Soghluaisteachta Notes HU a migráció és mobilitás átfogó globális I megközelítése 1. The Global Approach to Migration (GAM) was first IT Approccio globale in materia di migrazione e defined by the European Council in December 2005 J mobilità (COM(2007) 247) and further developed in 2007 and LT Visuotinis požiūris į migraciją ir mobilumą 2008. It has constituted the framework for the cooper- K LV vispārēja pieeja migrācijai un mobilitātei ation of the EU with third countries in the area of mi- MT Approċċ Globali għall-Migrazzjoni u l-Mobilità gration and asylum. The Stockholm Programme L NL totaalaanpak van migratie en mobiliteit adopted in 2009 also acknowledged the importance PL Globalne Podejście do Migracji i Mobilności of consolidating, strengthening and implementing the M GAM. PT Abordagem Global da Migração e Mobilidade The approach comprises the whole migration agen- RO Abordarea Globală a migraţiei şi Mobilitate 2. N da, including legal and , com- SK Globálny prístup k migrácii a mobilite / GPMM irregular migration bating trafficking in human beings and smuggling SL Globalni pristop k migraciji in mobilnosti O of migrants, strengthening protection for refugees, SV Övergripande strategi för migration och enhancing migrant rights and harnessing the positive rörlighet / GAMM links that exist between migration and development. P NO global tilnærming til migrasjon og mobilitet In 2011, the global approach was evaluated. 3. Q Definition As a result of this, the Commission highlighted the need for further strengthening the external migra- The overarching framework of the European Union’s R external migration policy based on genuine part- tion policy and published in November 2011 the nership with non-EU countries and addressing all Communication on the Global Approach to Migration aspects of migration and mobility issues in an inte- and Mobility, COM(2011) 743 final on a new impe- S grated, comprehensive and balanced manner. tus to the EU’s external migration policy. The renewed GAMM focuses on four main priorities: improving the T Source organisation of legal migration and facilitated mobil- Communication on the Global Approach to Migration ity, preventing and reducing irregular migration in an U and Mobility, COM(2011) 743 final efficient, yet humane way, strengthening the synergies between migration and development, and strengthen- V Synonyms ing international protection systems and the external ★★ GAMM dimension of asylum. W ★★ Global Approach to Migration ★★ GAM X

Y Z

181 Global Forum on Migration and Development (GFMD)

BG Глобален форум за миграция и мобилност Definition GCS Globální fórum k migraci a rozvoji An initiative of the UN Member States to address the DE Weltforum über Migration und Entwicklung migration and development interconnections in prac- EL Παγκόσμιο Φόρουμ για τηνΜετανάστευση και tical and action-orientated ways. την Ανάπτυξη ES Foro Mundial sobre Migración y Desarrollo Source ET ülemaailmne rände-ja arengupoliitika foorum Website of the Global Forum on Migration and Devel- FI Muuttoliikettä ja kehitystä käsittelevä opment maailmanlaajuinen foorumi FR Forum mondial sur la migration et le Synonym développement ★★ GFMD GA Fóram Domhanda maidir le hImirce agus Related terms Forbairt ★★ Cooperation Platform on Migration and Devel- HU Migrációs és Fejlesztési Globális Fórum opment IT Forum Globale su Migrazione e Sviluppo ★★ Cotonou Agreement LT Pasaulinis migracijos ir vystymosi forumas ★★ Dialogue on Mediterranean Transit Migration LV Pasaules forums par migrāciju un attīstību ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility MT Forum Globali fuq Migrazzjoni u Żvilupp (GAMM) NL Wereldforum voor migratie en ontwikkeling ★★ migration profile PL Światowe Forum na Rzecz. Migracji i Rozwoju PT Fórum Global sobre Migrações e Notes Desenvolvimento 1. The first session of the GFMD was held in 2007. RO Forumul Glrobal cu privire la Migraţie şi 2. The GFMD is a voluntary, informal, non-binding Dezvoltare and government-led process open to all States and SK Globálne fórum o migrácii a rozvoji Observers of the UN, to advance understanding and SL Globalni forum o migraciji in razvoju cooperation on the mutually reinforcing relationship SV Globalt forum för migration och utveckling between migration and development. NO Globalt forum for migrasjon og utvikling 3. For more information, see the website of GFMD.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

182 group determination of refugee status A

BG групово определяне на статут на бежанец Definition B CS skupinové určení statusu uprchlíka A practice by which all persons forming part of a large- DE Gruppenfeststellung der scale influx are regarded asrefugees on a prima fa- C Flüchtlingseigenschaft cie basis, ensuring that protection and assistance EL ομαδικός καθορισμός του καθεστώτος του needs are met without prior individual determination D πρόσφυγα of refugee status. ES determinación colectiva de la condición de E refugiado Source ET grupi pagulasseisundi kindlaksmääramine UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms F FI pakolaisaseman ryhmämäärittäminen FR détermination collective du statut de réfugié Synonym GA stádas dídeanaí a chinneadh ar bhun grúpa ★★ prima facie determination of refugee status G HU no usual translation, csoportos elismerés Related terms H menekültként ★★ group persecution IT riconoscimento collettivo dello status di ★★ prima facie refugee rifugiato I LT pabėgėlio statusas (suteikiamas grupei) Note J LV bēgļa statusa noteikšana grupai Refugee status must normally be determined on an MT Għarfien kollettiv tal-istatus ta’ rifuġjat individual basis, but when large populations are dis- K NL vaststelling van prima facie vluchtelingschap placed under circumstances that indicate that most / vaststelling van vluchtelingenstatuut zonder members of the population could individually be con- L meer sidered refugees, and where the need to provide pro- PL grupowe uznanie statusu uchodźcy tection and assistance is urgent and/or where it may PT determinação colectiva do estatuto de not be possible for practical reasons to carry out M refugiado (refugiados prima facie) an individual determination of refugee status, each RO determinarea statutului de refugiat în cazul member of that population in question can be re- N unui grup garded prima facie (in the absence of evidence to the SK skupinové určenie štatútu utečenca contrary) as a refugee. In other words, the presump- O SL skupinsko določanje statusa begunca tion is that individual members of the population SV gruppbestämning av flyktingstatus concerned would be considered as refugees in need P NO gruppeavgjørelse av flyktningstatus (b); of protection. For more information, see UNHCR: Refu- gruppeavgjerd av flyktningestatus (n) gee status determination 2005. Q R

S T U V W X Y Z

183 Group of Eight Roma-Lyon Group, Migration Experts Sub- Group

BG no translation Definition GCS G8 - skupina Řím - Lyon, podskupina A working group within the framework of G8 countries migračních expertů which tackles irregular migration and trafficking DE Gruppe der Acht (Rom-Lyon-Gruppe), in human beings in the broader context of combat- Untergruppe von Migrationsexperten ing terrorism and transnational crime. EL Ομάδα Ρώμη-Λυών της G8, Υπο-ομάδα Εμπειρογνωμόνων για τη Μετανάστευση Source ES subgrupo de expertos en migración Roma / Website of the Group of Eight Roma-Lyon Group Lyon del G8 ET G8, rändeekspertide alagrupp Synonyms FI G8-maiden Roma / Lyon-ryhmän ★★ G8 Lyon / Roma Migration Experts Sub-Group maahanmuuttaja-asiantuntijoiden ★★ Roma-Lyon Group alatyöryhmä Notes FR sous-groupe des experts en migrations du Groupe de Lyon / Rome (G8) 1. The G8 Roma-Lyon Group mainly focuses on strategies relating to public security in an effort to combat GA Fo-Ghrúpa G8 Lyon / na Róimhe de terrorism and transnational crime. It gathers experts Shaineolaithe Imirce who are all civil servants from the G8 members, main- HU G8 Lyon / Róma Migrációs Szakértői Alcsoport ly from justice, foreign affairs and law enforcement IT Sottogruppo G8 Roma/Lione di esperti in services and intelligence agencies. The Group consists migrazione (R/L) of several sub-groups dealing with different aspects LT Didžiojo aštuoneto Liono / Romos ekspertų of transnational crime. migracijos klausimais pogrupis 2. G8 countries are Canada, FR, DE, IT, Japan, Russia, LV G8 Romas-Lionas grupas migrācijas ekspertu UK and the United States of America, with the Europe- apakšgrupa an Commission also attending meetings. MT Grupp (Il-) ta’ appoġġ G8 Lyon-Roma b’esperti fuq il-migrazzjoni NL G8 Lyon / Roma Migration Experts Sub-Group PL Podgrupa ekspertów w zakresie migracji Lyon / Rzym - G8 PT Subgrupo de peritos em migração Roma/Lyon do G8 RO no usual translation SK Podskupina migračných expertov skupiny G8 Lyon‑Rím SL Skupna osmih Rim - Lion, Podskupina strokovnjakov za migracije SV G8:s Roma / Lyon-grupp NO G8 Lyon / Roma-undergruppen av migrasjonseksperter (b); G8 Lyon / Roma‑undergruppa av migrasjonsekspertar (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

184 group persecution A

BG групово преследване Broader term B CS pronásledování skupiny ★★ persecution DE Gruppenverfolgung C EL ομαδική δίωξη Related terms ES no translation ★★ act of persecution D ET grupi tagakiusamine ★★ actor of persecution FI ryhmään kohdistuva vaino ★★ group determination of refugee status E FR persécution à l’encontre d’un groupe ★★ prima facie refugee GA géarleanúint grúpa F HU csoportos üldöztetés Notes IT persecuzione di gruppo 1. An assumption of group persecution requires a cer- LT persekiojamoji grupė tain intensity of persecution to warrant the general G LV grupas vajāšana assumption of the individual persecution of each H MT Persekuzzjoni ta’ grupp(-i) ta’ nies group member, irrespective of whether an individual NL groepsvervolging has indeed been the victim of such persecution. This I PL grupowe prześladowanie requires a threat emanating from so large a number of violations of rights protected by asylum law PT grupo alvo de perseguição J RO persecuţie de grup that it goes beyond separate individual infringements SK prenasledovanie skupiny or a large number of individual infringements, but SL skupinsko preganjanje rather constitutes acts of persecution in the specif- K SV förföljelse av en grupp ic territory aimed at the group as a whole which in- NO forfølgelse av en gruppes medlemmer (b); crease, are repeated and spread to such an extent L forfølging av medlemmene av ei gruppe (n) that there is not only a possibility, but a direct imminent danger of becoming a victim oneself for any M Definitions member of such a group. A concept 2. With consideration to the general principle of sub- N sidiarity in refugee law, group persecution will only - which recognises that persecution can be enact- entitle a refugee to protection abroad, if the danger O ed against members of a section of the population is present in the entire territory of the country of ori- (a ‘group’) that is suffering oppression or is threat- gin, i.e. if there is no internal alternative for protection. P ened as a whole in its home country according to For the purposes of the danger of persecution after one of the criteria defined in theGeneva Refugee return, such an internal flight alternative must be rea- Q Convention and Protocol to an extent that the sonable and accessible from the country of refuge. members of such a group are not only covertly or 3. For more information on group persecution, see the R potentially at risk, but quite tangibly and imminent- European Database of Asylum Law (EDAL)., i.e. Ger- ly requiring thus a certain intensity of persecution man Federal Administrative Court, ruling of 12 April to warrant the general assumption of the individual 2009 – 10 C 11.08. S persecution of each group member, irrespective of whether an individual has indeed been the victim of T such persecution. U - and which in any case, whilst a group may be persecuted, requires that an application for interna- V tional protection must be examined on an individual basis in the EU Member States, and not all W together as one group. X Source Definition according to the consistent practice of the Y German Federal Administrative Court based on ruling of 15 May 1990 – 9 C 17.89 Z

185 guest worker

BG гост работник Definition GCS dočasně pracující cizinec / gastarbeiter An economic migrant recruited for a restricted time DE Gastarbeiter of settlement and employment. EL μετανάστης εργαζόμενος / επισκέπτης εργαζόμενος Source ES trabajador invitado Developed by EMN ET võõrtöötaja FI vierastyöläinen Broader term FR travailleur étranger / travailleur invité ★★ economic migrant GA aoi-oibrí Related term HU vendégmunkás ★★ migrant worker IT lavoratore ospite LT besisvečiuojantis darbuotojas Note LV viesstrādnieks This term is no longer used in the EU context. It was MT Ħaddiem mistieden more or less restricted to migration flows in the 1950s NL gastarbeider and 1960s. PL gastarbaiter PT trabalhador convidado RO lucrător vizitator SK zahraničný hosťujúci pracovník SL gostujoči delavec SV gästarbetare NO gjestearbeider (b); gjestearbeidar (n)

harassment H BG тормоз Definition CS obtěžování Unwanted conduct related to racial or ethnic origin DE Belästigung with the purpose or effect of violating the dignity of EL παρενόχληση a person and of creating an intimidating, hostile, de- ES acoso grading, humiliating or offensive environment. ET ahistamine FI häirintä Source FR harcèlement Art. 2 (3) of Council Directive 2000/43/EC (Racial GA ciapadh Equality Directive) HU zaklatás IT molestia LT priekabiavimas LV uzmākšanās MT Molestja / Fastidju NL intimidatie PL molestowanie PT perseguição RO persecuţie, hărţuire SK obťažovanie SL nadlegovanje SV trakasserier NO trakassering / mobbing

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

186 harmful onward movement A

BG no translation Definition B CS riskantní přesouvání The movement of refugees and migrants by dan- DE gefährliche Weiterwanderung gerous means from one location to another. C EL επικίνδυνη δευτερογενής μετακίνηση ES movimientos irregulares peligrosos Source D ET ohtlik (edasi) liikumine Derived by EMN from UNHCR: Draft Proposal for a FI vaarallisin keinoin siirtyminen (uudistermi) Central Mediterranean Sea Initiative: EU solidarity E FR mouvement secondaire dangereux for rescue-at-sea, protection and comprehensive re- GA athghluaiseacht dhainséarach sponses, 2013 F HU két hely közötti veszélyes átjutás Note IT spostamento pericoloso G LT pavojingas judėjimas pirmyn This term has only been recently put into use by prac- LV bīstama pārvietošanās titioners. MT Mogħdija ’l quddiem dannuża / ta’ ħsara H NL no translation I PL niebezpieczne dalsze przemieszczanie się PT rotas perigosas J RO mişcare de avansare periculoasă SK riskantné presúvanie sa utečencov a migrantov K SL škodljivo gibanje, ki se nadaljuje SV farlig vidareförflyttning L NO risikabel viderereise (b); risikabel vidarereise (n) M N

O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

187 High-Level Working Group (HLWG) on Asylum and Migration

BG Работна група на високо равнище „Убежище Definition H и миграция“ A strategic group which works under the auspices of CS Pracovní skupina na vysoké úrovni pro azyl a the European Council and which was set up to estab- migraci lish a comprehensive and integrated strategy for the DE Hochrangige Arbeitsgruppe Asyl und EU’s cooperation with third countries in the area of Einwanderung / Hochrangige Gruppe Asyl und asylum and migration. Migration EL Ομάδα Εργασίας Υψηλού Επιπέδου για το Source ‘Ασυλο και τη Μετανάστευση Council Conclusions C/98/431 on the Asylum and ES grupo de trabajo de alto nivel sobre migración Migration Task Force at the 2148th Council Meeting y asilo General Affairs,- 6th/7th December 1998 ET kõrgetasemeline varjupaiga ja rände töörühm FI turvapaikka- ja maahanmuuttoasioiden Synonym korkean tason työryhmä ★★ HLWG FR Groupe de haut niveau «Asile et Migration» Related terms GA Grúpa Oibre Ardleibhéil maidir le Tearmann ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility agus Imirce (GAMM) HU Magas Szintű Menekültügyi és Migrációs ★★ Strategic Committee on Immigration, Fron- Munkacsoport tiers and Asylum IT Gruppo di lavoro ad alto livello in materia di asilo e migrazione Notes LT Prieglobsčio ir migracijos aukšto lygio darbo 1. The HLWG was set up in December 1998 to prepare grupė cross-pillar Action Plans for the countries of origin LV Augsta līmeņa darba grupa migrācijas un and transit of asylum seekers and migrants. patvēruma jautājumos 2. The HLWG’s focus is on external relations with third MT Grupp ta’ Ħidma ta’ Livell Għoli dwar l-Ażil u countries, particularly within the context of the Global l-Migrazzjoni Approach to Migration and Mobility. Its objective NL Werkgroep op hoog niveau voor asiel en is to strengthen the external dimension of the EU’s migratie asylum and migration policies based on dialogue, co- PL Grupa Robocza Wysokiego Szczebla ds. Azylu operation and partnership with countries of origin and i Migracji transit in the areas of legal migration, irregular mi- PT Grupo alto nível asilo e migração gration, migration and development. The Group also RO Grupul de lucru la nivel înalt în domeniul prepares conclusions and recommendations on asy- migraţiei şi azilului lum and migration to be adopted by the Council. They SK Pracovná skupina na vysokej úrovni pre azyl a carry out an assessment of the political, economic and migráciu human rights situation in countries of origin and pro- SL Delovna skupina visokih predstavnikov za azil vide a joint analysis of the causes and consequences in migracije of migration. SV högnivågruppen för asyl och migration NO høynivågruppen for asyl og migrasjon (b); høgnivågruppa for asyl og migrasjon (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

188 highly qualified employment A

BG висококвалифицирана заетост Definitions B CS zaměstnání vyžadující vysokou kvalifikaci The employment of a person who: DE hochqualifizierte Beschäftigung C EL απασχόληση υψηλής εξειδίκευσης (a) in the EU Member State concerned, is protected ES empleo altamente cualificado as an employee under national employment law and/ D ET kõrgelt kvalifitseeritud töö or in accordance with national practice, irrespective FI korkeaa pätevyyttä vaativa työ of the legal relationship, for the purpose of exercising E FR emploi hautement qualifié genuine and effective work for, or under t GA fostaíocht ardcháilíochta F HU Magasan képzett személy / Munkavállaló (b) is paid; and, foglalkoztatása G IT lavoro altamente qualificato (c) has the required adequate and specific compe- LT aukštos kvalifikacijos darbas (EU acquis); tence, as proven by higher professional qualifications. aukštos profesinės kvalifikacijos reikalaujantis H Source darbas I LV augsti kvalificēta nodarbinātība Art. 2(b) of Council Directive 2009/50/EC (Blue Card Directive) MT Impjieg bi kwalifiki għoljin J NL hooggekwalificeerde baan Related terms PL zatrudnienie pracowników wysoko ★★ EU Blue Card wykwalifikowanych K ★★ highly qualified migrant PT emprego altamente qualificado L RO loc de muncă înalt calificat Note SK vysokokvalifikované zamestnanie In some EU Member States, there is a distinction SL visoko kvalificirana zaposlitev M between ‘highly skilled’, referring to someone who SV högkvalificerad anställning has the required adequate and specific competence NO sysselsetting av høyt kvalifisert arbeidskraft N as proven by higher educational qualifications and/or (b); sysselsetjing av høgt kvalifisert extensive (vocational) experience; and ‘highly quali- arbeidskraft (n) O fied’, referring to someone who has required adequate and specific competence as proven by higher educational qualifications only. In the EU context, however, P these terms are considered to be interchangeable. Q R S T U V W X Y Z

189 highly qualified migrant

BG висококвалифициран миграант Definitions HCS vysoce kvalifikovaný migrant In the global context, a person falling within ILO ISCO- DE hochqualifizierter Migrant 88 Classes 1, 2 and 3, e.g. a person qualified as a EL μετανάστης υψηλής εξειδίκευσης manager, executive, professional, technician or simi- ES persona migrante altamente cualificada lar, who moves within the internal labour markets of ET kõrgelt kvalifitseeritud sisserändaja transnational corporations and international organisa- FI korkeasti koulutettu maahanmuuttaja tions, or who seeks employment through international FR migrant hautement qualifié labour markets for scarce skills. GA imirceach ardcháilithe HU magasan képzett migráns In the EU context, a third-country national who IT migrante altamente qualificato seeks employment in an EU Member State and has LT aukštos profesinės kvalifikacijos migrantas the required adequate and specific competence, as LV augsti kvalificēts migrants proven by higher professional qualifications. MT Migrant(a) bi kwalifiki għoljin NL hooggekwalificeerde migrant Sources PL migrant wysoko wykwalifikowany Global context: UNESCO Glossary of Migration-related PT migrante altamente qualificado Terms RO migrant înalt calificat EU context: Derived by EMN from Art. 2(b) of Council SK vysokokvalifikovaný migrant Directive 2009/50/EC (Blue Card Directive) SL visoko kvalificirani migrant Synonyms SV högkvalificerad migrant ★★ business migrant NO høyt kvalifisert migrant (b); høgt kvalifisert ★★ highly qualified migrant worker migrant (n) ★★ highly skilled migrant Broader term ★★ migrant worker Related terms ★★ EU Blue Card ★★ highly qualified employment ★★ mutual recognition agreement Notes 1. In some EU Member States, there is a distinction between ‘highly skilled’, referring to someone who has the required adequate and specific competence, as proven by higher educational qualifications, and/or extensive (vocational) experience; and ‘highly qualified’, referring to someone who has required adequate and specific competence, as proven by higher educational qualifications only. In the EU context, however, these terms are considered to be interchangeable, e.g. the definition for 'highly skilled' used in Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation) uses the definition for ‘highly qualified’. 2. The understanding of who is a ‘highly qualified’ and a ‘qualified third-country national’ varies in the EU Member States, with different definitions and concepts existing. Often these depend on national labour market demands and other national criteria. For more information, see EMN: Attracting highly qualified and qualified third-country nationals, 2013 . ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

190 host country A BG приемаща държава /държава домакин Definition B CS hostitelský stát The EU Member State / country in which a third-coun- DE Aufnahmeland try national / non-national takes up residence. C EL χώρα υποδοχής ES país de acogida Source D ET vastuvõttev riik Developed by EMN FI vastaanottava maa E FR pays d’accueil Synonym ★★ receiving country GA tír aíochta F HU fogadó ország Narrower term IT paese ospitante ★★ host Member State G LT priimančioji valstybė LV uzņēmējvalsts Related terms MT Pajjiż li jilqa’ ★★ host society H ★★ right of residence NL gastland I PL kraj przyjmujący PT país de acolhimento J RO ţară gazdă SK hostiteľská krajina / prijímajúca krajina SL država gostiteljica K SV värdland NO vertsland L M

host entity N BG приемаща страна Definition O CS hostitelský subjekt A research organisation, a higher education institution, DE aufnehmende Einrichtung an education establishment, an organisation respon- P EL οντότητα υποδοχής, οντότητα εισδοχής sible for a voluntary service scheme or an entity host- ES organismo de acogida ing trainees to which the third-country national is Q ET vastuvõttev üksus assigned for the purposes of Directive 2016/801/EU FI äntätaho/isäntäorganisaatio (Recast Researcher's Directive) and which is located in R FR entité the territory of the EU Member State concerned, irre- d’accueil spective of its legal form, in accordance with national S GA eintiteas aíochta law. HU fogadó szervezet IT Ente ospitante Source T LT priimantysis subjektas Art. 3(14) of Directive 2016/801/EU LV uzņemošā vienība (Recast Researcher's Directive) U MT entità tal-ospitant NL gastentiteit V PL podmiot goszczący PT entidade de acolhimento W RO SK hostiteľský subjekt X SL gostujoča entiteta (organizacija, institucija) SV värdenhet Y NO vertsorganisasjon Z

191 host Member State

BG приемаща държава членка Definition HCS hostitelský členský stát The EU Member State to which a union citizen moves DE Aufnahmemitgliedstaat in order to exercise their right to free movement EL κράτος μέλος υποδοχής and residence. ES Estado Miembro de acogida ET vastuvõttev liikmesriik Source FI vastaanottava jäsenvaltio Art. 2(3) of Council FR État membre d’accueil Directive 2004/38/EC (Free Movement Directive) GA ballstát aíochta Broader term HU befogadó tagállam IT Stato membro ospitante ★★ host country LT priimančioji valstybė narė LV uzņēmējdalībvalsts MT Stat Membru Ospitanti NL gastlidstaat PL przyjmujące państwo członkowskie PT Estado Membro de acolhimento RO Stat Membu gazdă SK hostiteľský členský štát / prijímajúci členský štát SL gostujoča država članica SV mottagande medlemsstat NO vertsmedlemsland

host society

BG приемащо общество Definition CS hostitelská společnost In the EU context, residents (both nationals and DE Aufnahmegesellschaft non-nationals) of a national / regional / local commu- EL κοινωνία υποδοχής nity within an EU Member State. ES sociedad de acogida ET vastuvõttev ühiskond Source FI vastaanottava yhteiskunta Developed by EMN FR société d’accueil GA sochaí óstach Broader term HU befogadó társadalom ★★ host Member State IT società di accoglienza Related terms LT priimančioji visuomenė ★★ Common Basic Principles LV vietējā sabiedrība ★★ host country MT Soċjetà li tilqa’ ★★ integration NL gastsamenleving / gastmaatschappij PL społeczeństwo przyjmujące Note PT sociedade de acolhimento In accordance with integration being a dynamic, RO societate gazdă two-way process, the activities undertaken by the SK hostiteľská spoločnosť / prijímajúca spoločnosť host society serve to facilitate the integration SL gostujoča družba of a third-country national according to the Com- SV värdsamhälle mon Basic Principles. NO vertssamfunn

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

192 hotspot approach A

BG Подход за създаване на горещи точки Definition B CS přístup s využitím hotspotů Approach where the European Asylum Support DE Hotspot-Konzept; Brennpunkt-System (EU Office (EASO), the European Border and Coast C acquis) Guard Agency (Frontex), Europol and Eurojust EL Σύστημα κομβικών σημείων υποδοχής / χοτ work on the ground with the authorities of frontline D σποτ EU Member States which are facing disproportionate ES Enfoque Hotspot migratory pressures at the EU’s external borders to E ET esmase vastuvõtu süsteem help to fulfil their obligations under EU law and swiftly FI järjestelykeskus-toimintamalli identify, register and fingerprint incomingmigrants . F FR approche des hotspots GA Cur Chuige Ball Te Source G HU Hotspot megközelítés European Commission: The Hotspot approach to man- IT sistema basato sui punti di crisi aging exceptional migratory flows - 11 September LT migrantų antplūdžio valdymo modelis 2015 H LV karsto punktu pieeja Synonym I MT approċċ hotspot ★★ Hotspot System NL hotspot-systeem J PL podejście Hotspot / system Hotspot / w Narrower term kontekście wsparcia państw członkowskich, ★★ hotspot area które zmagają się z presją K migracyjną na granicach zewnętrznych UE Notes PT sistema de centros de registo 1. The hotspot approach was developed by the Eu- L RO ropean Commission as part of the immediate action SK koncepcia krízových vstupných centier a to assist EU Member States located at the external M problémových oblastí (EU acquis); systém EU border and presented in the European Agenda on hotspotov / systém migračných hotspotov Migration in May 2015 . N SL pristop hotspot 2. The operational support provided under the Hotspot SV hotspotmetod (krisplatsmetod, akutstrategi) Approach will concentrate on registration, identifica- O NO helhetlig prosedyre (b); helheitleg prosedyre tion, fingerprinting and debriefing ofasylum seekers, (n) as well as return operations. Those claiming asylum P will be immediately channelled into an asylum procedure where EASO support teams will help to process Q asylum applications as quickly as possible. For those who are not in need of protection, Frontex will help R EU Member States by coordinating the return of irregular migrants. Europol and Eurojust will assist the host EU Member State with investigations to dis- S mantle smuggling and trafficking networks. 3. IT and GR are the first two EU Member States where T this hotspot approach is currently being implemented. Other EU Member States will also be able to benefit U from the hotspot approach upon request. 4. The hotspot approach will also contribute to the V implementation of the temporary relocation schemes proposed by the European Commission on 27 May W and 9 September 2015: people in clear need of international protection will be identified in frontline X EU Member States for relocation to other EU Member States where their asylum application will be pro- Y cessed. Z

193 hotspot area

BG зона на гореща точка Definition HCS hotspot An area in which the host EU Member State, the Eu- DE Brennpunkt (EU-acquis); Hotspot-Gebiet ropean Commission, relevant EU agencies and par- EL κομβικό σημείο υποδοχής (χοτ σποτ / hotspot) ticipating EU Member States cooperate, with the aim ES punto crítico of managing an existing or potential disproportionate ET esmase vastuvõtu piirkond migratory challenge characterised by a significant FI järjestelykeskus / EU:n alueelle joukoittain increase in the number of migrants arriving at the saapuvien turvapaikanhakijoiden external EU border. rekisteröintikeskus FR zone d’urgence migratoire (acquis UE) ; zone Source hotspot (BE, FR, LU) Art. 2(10) of GA Limistéar Ball Te Regulation 2016//1624 (European Border and Coast HU Hotspot területe Guard Regulation) IT Punto di crisi LT migrantų antplūdžio valdymo vieta LV karsto punktu zona MT Żona hotspot NL hotspotgebied PL obszar hotspot PT Zona dos pontos de crise RO zonă hotspot SK oblasť krízových vstupných centier / oblasť hotspotov SL Območje za sprejem in registracijo beguncev imenovano Hotspot SV hotspot-område / utsatt område NO mottakssted for asylsøkere etablert ved et uvanlig stort antall (b); mottaksstad for asylsøkjarar etablert ved eit uvanleg stort tal (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

194 human rights A

BG човешки права Definition B CS lidská práva Agreed international standards that recognise and DE Menschenrechte protect the dignity and integrity of every individual, C EL δικαιώματα του ανθρώπου / ανθρώπινα without any distinction. δικαιώματα D ES derechos humanos Source ET inimõigused UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms E FI ihmisoikeudet Synonym FR droits de l’homme F GA cearta an duine ★★ fundamental rights HU emberi jogok Related terms G IT diritti umani ★★ Charter of Fundamental Rights of the Euro- LT žmogaus teisės pean Union H LV cilvēktiesības ★★ European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) MT Drittijiet (Id-) tal-bniedem ★★ European Union Agency for Fundamental I NL mensenrechten Rights (FRA) PL prawa człowieka PT direitos humanos Notes J RO drepturile omului 1. Human rights form part of customary international K SK ľudské práva law and are stipulated in a variety of national, regional SL človekove pravice and international legal documents generally referred L SV mänskliga rättigheter to as human rights instruments. NO menneskerettigheter (b); menneskerettar (n) 2. In the EU the preferred term to use is fundamen- M tal rights. N

human rights law O

BG закон за човешките права Definition P CS (mezinárodní) právo v oblasti lidských práv The body of customary international law, human DE internationale Menschenrechtsnormen rights instruments and national law that recognises Q EL δίκαιο των δικαιωμάτων του ανθρώπου / and protects human rights. δίκαιο των ανθρωπίνων δικαιωμάτων R ES legislación de derechos humanos Source ET inimõiguste õigus UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms S FI ihmisoikeuslainsäädäntö Related terms FR droit relatif aux droits de l’homme T GA na dlíthe i leith Chearta an Duine, reachtaíocht ★★ European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) ★★ refugee law i leith Chearta an Duine U HU emberi jogok Note IT diritto dei diritti umani V LT žmogaus teisių teisė Refugee law and human rights law complement each other. LV cilvēktiesības W MT Liġi (Il-) dwar id-drittijiet tal-bniedem NL humanitair recht X PL prawo praw człowieka PT legislação sobre direitos humanos RO legislaţia privind drepturile omului Y SK právo v oblasti ľudských práv SL pravo o človekovih pravicah Z SV lagstiftning till skydd för mänskliga rättigheter NO menneskerettslovgivning (b); menneskerettslovgjeving (n) 195

humanitarian protection

BG хуманитарен статут Related terms HCS humanitární ochrana ★★ de facto refugee DE humanitärer Schutz ★★ resettled refugee EL ανθρωπιστική προστασία ★★ subsidiary protection ES protección humanitaria ET humanitaarkaitse Notes FI humanitaarinen suojelu 1. UK has opted into the Directive 2011/95/EU (Re- FR protection humanitaire cast Qualification Directive) but does not (legally) use GA cosaint dhaonnúil the term ‘subsidiary protection’. The inclusion of hu- HU humanitárius védelem manitarian protection within the UK immigration rules IT protezione umanitaria fully transposes the subsidiary protection provisions LT humanitarinė apsauga of the Qualification Directive into UK law, as it is de- LV humānā aizsardzība fined as protection given to someone under the terms MT Protezzjoni umanitarja of the European Convention on Human Rights. NL bescherming op humanitaire gronden 2. IE has also opted-into the Qualification Directive, PL ochrona o charakterze humanitarnym and uses the term ‘leave to remain’. PT proteção subsidiária 3. In DE, FI and IT, humanitarian protection and sub- RO protecţie umanitară sidiary protection are different concepts. In DE and SK humanitárna ochrana IT, humanitarian protection is the reception and res- SL humanitarna zaščita idence of refugees under international law or on hu- SV humanitärt skydd manitarian or political (DE only) grounds, and in FI, hu- NO beskyttelse på humanitært grunnlag (b); vern manitarian protection is granted to foreign nationals på humanitært grunnlag (n) who cannot return to their country of origin or country of former habitual residence as a result of an environ- Definition mental catastrophe or a bad security situation, which A form of non-EU harmonised protection nowadays may be due to an international or internal armed con- normally replaced by subsidiary protection, except flict or a poor human rights situation. in some EU Member States. 4. In EE, LV, this term is not used. Source 5. AT and ES use a similar expression, namely ‘residence permit on humanitarian grounds’. Developed by EMN 6. In BG, humanitarian protection encompasses Broader term subsidiary protection as well as protection granted for other humanitarian reasons (see Art. 9, SG No ★★ international protection 52 of 2007). 7. In NO, a residence permit may be granted, even if the other conditions laid down in the Act are not satisfied, provided there are strong humanitarian considerations or the foreign national has a particular connection with the realm. To determine whether there are strong humanitarian considerations, an overall assessment shall be made of the case. Importance may be attached, inter alia, to whether the foreign national is an unaccompanied minor who would be without proper care if they were returned; the foreign national needs to stay in the realm due to compelling health circumstances; there are social or humanitarian circumstances relating to the return situation that give grounds for granting a residence permit; the foreign national has been a victim of human trafficking. (For further information, see Immigration Act of May 2008, Chaper 5, Section 38). ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

196 identification of a victim of trafficking in human beings A

BG идентификация на жертва на трафик на Definition B I хора The process of confirming and characterising a situa- CS identifikace oběti obchodování s lidmi tion of trafficking in human beings for further im- C DE Feststellung eines Opfers von plementation of support. Menschenhandel / Identifizierung eines Opfers D von Menschenhandel Source EL αναγνώριση θύματος εμπορίας ανθρώπων Derived by EMN from Varandas, I. & J. Martins: Signal- E ES identificación de víctima de trata de seres ling Identification Integration of Victims of Trafficking humanos for Sexual Exploitation: Construction of a Guide, 2007 F ET inimkaubanduse ohvri tuvastamine Broader term FI ihmiskaupan uhrin tunnistaminen G FR identification d’une victime de la traite des ★★ trafficking in human beings êtres humains Narrower term H GA íospartach gáinneála a shainaithint ★★ formal identification of a victim of trafficking HU emberkereskedelem áldozatának azonosítása in human beings IT identificazione della vittima di tratta di esseri I umani Related term LT prekybos žmonėmis aukos nustatymas ★★ detection of a victim of trafficking in human J LV cilvēku tirdzniecības upura identificēšana beings MT Identifikazzjoni (L-) ta’ vittma fit-traffikar tal- K persuni NL herkennen van een slachtoffer van L mensenhandel PL identyfikacja ofiar handlu ludźmi M PT identificação de vítima de tráfico de seres humanos N RO identificarea unei victime a traficului de fiinţe umane O SK identifikácia obete obchodovania s ľuďmi SL prepoznavanje žrtve trgovine z ljudmi P SV identifiering av offer för människohandel NO identifisering av offer for menneskehandel Q

R S T U V W X Y Z

197 identified victim of trafficking in human beings

BG идентифицирана жертва на трафик на хора Definition I CS identifikovaná oběť obchodování s lidmi A person who has been formally identified as a victim DE identifiziertes Opfer von Menschenhandel of trafficking in human beings according to the rel- EL αναγνωρισμένο θύμα εμπορίας ανθρώπων evant formal authority in EU Member States. ES victima reconocida de trata de seres humanos ET (tuvastatud) inimkaubanduse ohver Source FI tunnistettu ihmiskaupan uhri Derived by EMN from Eurostat: Trafficking in human FR victime identifiée de la traite des êtres beings, 2013 humains GA íospartach gáinneála sainaitheanta Broader term HU emberkereskedelem azonosított áldozata ★★ trafficking in human beings IT vittima identificata di tratta di esseri umani Related term LT nustatyta prekybos žmonėmis auka ★★ vulnerable person LV identificēts cilvēku tirdzniecības upuris MT Vittma identifikata fit-traffikar tal-persuni NL geïdentificeerd slachtoffer van mensenhandel PL zidentyfikowana ofiara handlu ludźmi PT pessoa identificada como vítima de tráfico de seres humanos RO victimă a traficului de fiinţe umane identificată SK identifikovaná obeť obchodovania s ľuďmi SL identificirana žrtev trgovine z ljudmi SV identifierat offer för människohandel NO identifisert offer for menneskehandel

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

198 identity document A

BG документ за самоличност Definition B CS průkaz totožnosti / doklad totožnosti A document issued by a State authority to an indi- DE Identitätsdokument vidual for providing evidence of the identity of that C EL έγγραφο ταυτότητας individual. ES Documento de identidad D ET isikut tõendav dokument Source FI henkilöllisyysasiakirja Developed by EMN E FR document d’identité Synonyms GA Doiciméad aitheantais F HU személyazonosító okmány ★★ ID card IT documento d’identità ★★ ID document ★★ Identity card G LT asmens tapatybės dokumentas / asmens tapatybę patvirtinantis dokumentas Related term H LV personu apliecinošs dokuments ★★ fraudulent travel or identity document MT dokument tal-identità NL identiteitsdocument Notes I PL 1. An identity document asserts a unique single civil J PT documento de identidade identity and defines such person’s identity in relation RO to the issuing state. It may contain the full name, K SK identifikačný doklad / doklad totožnosti parents’ names, age, date and place of birth, sex, SL osebni dokument address, profession, nationality as well as other bio- L SV identitetshandling graphic information, and additional electronic biome- NO identitetsdokument tric data such as fingerprints, photographs, and face, hand, or iris measurements. M 2. Identity documents are e.g. identity cards or passports. In some EU Member States, such as UK driv- N ing licences, showing a photo of the holder, their date of birth and their home address, are used as general O proof of identity. 3. Currently there is no EU-wide identity document, all P EU Member States except DK, IE and UK issue identity documents on a national basis. Q R

S T U V W X Y Z

199 illegal employment

BG незаконна заетост Definition I CS nelegální zaměstnávání Economic activity carried out in violation of provisions DE illegale Beschäftigung set by legislation. EL παράνομη απασχόληση ES empleo ilegal Source ET ebaseaduslik töötamine Derived by EMN from definition for ‘clandestine em- FI laiton työnteko ployment’ in the ILO Thesaurus, 6th ed., 2008 FR emploi illégal GA fostaíocht neamhdhleathach Synonym HU illegális foglalkoztatás ★★ clandestine employment IT lavoro illegale Narrower terms LT nelegalus darbas ★★ illegal employment of an illegally staying LV nelikumīga nodarbinātība third-country national MT Impjieg illegali ★★ illegal employment of a legally staying NL illegale tewerkstelling / illegale arbeid third-country national PL nielegalne zatrudnienie PT emprego ilegal Related term RO angajare ilegală, muncă la negru ★★ irregular migrant SK nelegálne zamestnávanie Notes SL ilegalna zaposlitev / nezakonita zaposlitev SV olaglig anställning 1. In the EU context, this covers both the illegal em- NO illegalt arbeid ployment of a third-country national who is irregularly staying on the territory of an EU Member State and of a legally resident third-country national working outside the conditions of the residence permit and/or without a work permit. 2. In the context of Directive 2009/52/EC (Employer Sanctions Directive) this means the employment of an illegally staying third-country national (see Art. 2(d)).

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

200 illegal employment of a legally staying third-country national A

BG незаконно наемане на законно пребиваващ Definition B гражданин на трета страна Employment of a legally staying third-country na- CS nelegální zaměstnávání oprávněně tional working outside the conditions of their resi- C pobývajícího státního příslušníka třetí země dence permit and/or without a work permit. which DE illegale Beschäftigung eines is is subject to each EU Member State’s national law. D Drittstaatsangehörigen mit rechtmäßigem Aufenthalt Source E EL παράνομη απασχόληση νομίμως διαμένοντος Derived by EMN from definition of ‘illegal employment’ υπηκόου τρίτης χώρας in Art. 2 (d) of Council Directive 2009/52/EC (Employer F ES empleo ilegal de nacional de tercer país en Sanctions Directive) situación de residencia legal G ET seaduslikult riigis viibiva kolmanda riigi Broader term ★★ illegal employment kodaniku ebaseaduslik töötamine H FI laillisesti oleskelevan kolmannen maan Related term kansalaisen laiton työnteko ★★ illegal employment of a illegally staying FR emploi illégal d’un ressortissant de pays tiers I third-country national en séjour régulier GA fostaíocht neamhdhleathach náisiúnaigh tríú J tír atá i láthair go neamhdhleathach HU jogszerűen / legálisan tartózkodó harmadik K országbeli állampolgárok illegális foglalkoztatása L IT lavoro illegale di un cittadino di un paese terzo regolarmente soggiornante M LT teisėtai šalyje esančio trečiosios šalies piliečio nelegalus darbas N LV trešās valsts pilsoņa, kurš likumīgi uzturas valstī, nelikumīga nodarbinātība O MT Impieg illegali ta’ ċittadin(a) minn pajjiż terz residenti b’mod irregolari P NL illegale tewerkstelling van legaal verblijvende derdelanders Q PL nielegalne zatrudnienie obywatela państwa trzeciego przebywającego legalnie R PT emprego ilegal de nacional de estado terceiro em situação regular S RO angajarea ilegală a străinilor cu şedere legală SK nelegálne zamestnávanie oprávnene sa T zdržiavajúcich štátnych príslušníkov tretích krajín SL nezakonita zaposlitev državljana tretje države, U ki prebiva zakonito SV olaglig anställning av tredjelandsmedborgare V som vistas lagligt NO ulovlig sysselsetting av tredjestatsborgere W med lovlig opphold (b); ulovleg sysselsetjing av tredjestatsborgarar med lovleg opphald (n) X

Y Z

201 illegal employment of an illegally staying third-country national

BG незаконно наемане на незаконно Definition I пребиваващ гражданин на трета страна Employment of an illegally staying third-country CS neoprávněné zaměstnávání neoprávněně national. pobývajícího státního příslušníka třetí země DE illegale Beschäftigung eines Source Drittstaatsangehörigen ohne rechtmäßigen Art. 2 (d) of Council Directive 2009/52/EC (Employer Aufenthalt Sanctions Directive) EL παράνομη απασχόληση παράνομα διαμένοντος υπηκόου τρίτης χώρας Broader term ES empleo ilegal de nacional de tercer país en ★★ illegal employment situación irregular Related terms ET ebaseaduslikult riigis viibiva kolmanda riigi ★★ employer sanction kodaniku ebaseaduslik töötamine ★★ illegal employment of a legally staying FI laittomasti oleskelevan kolmannen maan third-country national kansalaisen laiton työnteko ★★ third-country national found to be illegally FR emploi illégal d’un ressortissant de pays tiers present en séjour irrégulier GA fostú neamhdhleathach náisiúnaigh tríú tír atá Note i láthair go neamhdhleathach The term itself has been slightly modified from the HU illegálisan tartózkodó harmadik országbeli Directive 2009/52/EC (Employer Sanctions Directive) állampolgárok illegális foglalkoztatása definition in order to be more explicit. IT lavoro illegale di un cittadino di un paese terzo irregolarmente soggiornante LT neteisėtai šalyje esančio trečiosios šalies piliečio nelegalus darbas LV trešās valsts pilsoņa, kurš nelikumīgi uzturas valstī, nelikumīga nodarbinātība MT Impjieg illegali ta’ ċittadin(a) minn pajjiż terz residenti b’mod regolari NL illegale tewerkstelling van illegaal verblijvende derdelanders PL nielegalne zatrudnienie obywatela państwa trzeciego przebywającego nielegalnie PT emprego ilegal de nacional de estado terceiro em situação irregular RO angajarea ilegală a străinilor cu şedere ilegală SK nelegálne zamestnávanie neoprávnene sa zdržiavajúcich štátnych príslušníkov tretích krajín SL nezakonita zaposlitev državljana tretje države, ki nezakonito prebiva SV olaglig anställning av tredjelandsmedborgare som vistas olagligt NO ulovlig sysselsetting av tredjestatsborgere uten lovlig opphold (b); ulovleg sysselsetjing av tredjestatsborgarar utan lovleg opphald (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

202 immigrant A

BG имигрант Definitions B CS přistěhovalec / imigrant In the global context, a non-resident (both national or DE Zuwanderer (EU acquis); Einwanderer / alien) arriving in a State with the intention to remain C Immigrant for a period exceeding a year. EL μετανάστης D ES inmigrante In the EU context, a person who establishes their usu- ET sisserändaja al residence in the territory of an EU Member State E FI maahanmuuttaja for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least FR immigrant 12 months, having previously been usually resident in F GA inimirceach another EU Member State or a third country. HU bevándorló G IT immigrato Sources LT imigrantas Global context: UN Recommendations on Statistics of H LV imigrants International Migration MT Immigrant(a) EU context: Art. 2(b) and (f) of Regulation (EC) No NL immigrant 862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation) I PL imigrant Synonym PT imigrante J ★★ Immigrant RO imigrant SK prisťahovalec / imigrant Broader term K SL priseljenec ★★ migrant SV invandrare L NO innvandrer (b); innvandrar (n) Related terms ★★ emigrant M ★★ immigration ★★ short-term migrant N O

P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

203 immigration

BG имиграция Definitions I CS přistěhovalectví / imigrace In the global context, the act of arriving in a State DE Zuwanderung (EU acquis); Einwanderung / with the intention to remain for a period exceeding Immigration one year. EL μετανάστευση ES inmigración In the EU context, the action by which a person estab- ET sisseränne lishes their usual residence in the territory of an EU FI maahanmuutto Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, FR immigration of at least 12 months, having previously been usu- GA inimirce ally resident in another EU Member State or a third HU bevándorlás country. IT immigrazione LT imigracija Sources LV imigrācija Global context: UN Recommendations on Statistics of MT Immigrazzjoni International Migration NL immigratie EU context: Art. 2(b) and (f) of Regulation (EC) No PL imigracja 862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation) PT imigração Synonym RO imigraţie ★★ Immigration SK prisťahovalectvo / imigrácia SL priseljevanje Broader term SV invandring ★★ migration NO innvandring Narrower term ★★ EU Immigration Portal Related terms ★★ emigration ★★ immigrant

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

204 Immigration Liaison Officer (ILO) A

BG офицер за връзка по имиграция Definition B CS imigrační styčný důstojník A representative of one of the EU Member States, DE Verbindungsbeamter für Einwanderungsfragen posted abroad by the immigration service or other C EL Αξιωματικός Σύνδεσμος Μετανάστευσης competent authorities in order to establish and main- ES oficiales de enlace de inmigración tain contacts with the authorities of the host coun- D ET Euroopa sisserände sideametnik try with a view to contributing to the prevention and FI maahanmuuttoalan yhdyshenkilö combating of irregular migration, the return of E FR officier de liaison «Immigration» irregular migrants and the management of legal GA Oifigeach Idirchaidrimh Inimirce (ILO) migration. F HU bevándorlási összekötő tiszt(viselő) IT funzionario di collegamento incaricato Source G dell’immigrazione Art. 1(1) of Council Regulation (EC) No 377/2004 (Im- LT imigracijos ryšių palaikymo pareigūnas migration Liaison Officer Regulation) H LV imigrācijas sadarbības koordinators Synonyms MT Uffiċjal tal-Kollegament Responsabbli ★★ ILO għall‑Immigrazzjoni (UKRI) I ★★ national liaison officer NL immigratieverbindingsfunctionaris / ★★ state liaison officer immigratieverbindingsambtenaar J PL oficer łącznikowy ds. imigracji Related terms K PT oficial de ligação de imigração ★★ European Border and Coast Guard Agency RO ofiţer de legătură pe probleme de imigraţie / (Frontex) L ILO ★★ Information and Coordination Network for SK imigračný styčný dôstojník Member States’ Migration Management Ser- SL Uradnik za zvezo za priseljevanje vices M SV sambandsman för invandring NO kontaktperson med ansvar for immigrasjon Notes N 1. Immigration liaison officers are to collect information concerning illegal immigration for use either O at operational level or at strategic level, or both. Such information could substantially contribute to the ac- P tivities of Frontex relating to risk analysis; closer cooperation between different immigration liaison Q officers networks and Frontex should be established to that effect. As immigration liaison officers shall also R be considered the liaison officers who are dealing with immigration issues as part of their duties. S 2. The immigration liaison officers could be posted to the national consular authorities of EU Member T States in third countries or to the relevant authorities of other EU Member States, but also to the com- U petent authorities of the third countries, as well as to international organisations for a reasonable time peri- V od to be determined by the posting EU Member State. 3. An amendment to Regulation (EC) 377/2004 modifying its Articles 3, 4 and 6 was adopted as Regulation W (EU) No 493/2011 (Immigration Liaison Officer Regu- lation) on 5 April 2011. X Y

205 immigration programme

BG имиграционна програма Definition I CS imigrační program Programme to facilitate migration which is organised DE Zuwanderungsprogramm / or supported with the assistance of a government, Einwanderungsprogramm governments or an international organisation, as op- EL μεταναστευτικό προγράμμα / πρόγραμμα posed to spontaneous migration, which is unaided. μετανάστευσης ES programa de inmigración Source ET rändetoetusprogramm Developed by EMN FI maahanmuutto-ohjelma FR programme d’immigration Related term GA clár inimirce ★★ spontaneous migration HU bevándorlási program IT programma per l’immigrazione LT imigracijos programa LV imigrācijas programma MT Programm ta’ immigrazzjoni NL immigratieprogramma PL program imigracyjny PT migração assistida RO program de imigraţie SK program prisťahovalectva / imigračný program SL program priseljevanja SV invandringsprogram NO program for innvandring

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

206 immigration quota A

BG имиграционна квота Definition B CS imigrační kvóta A quota established for and by the country, normally DE Zuwanderungsquote / Einwanderungsquote for the purposes of labour migration, for the entry C EL ποσόστωση εισόδου μεταναστών of immigrants. ES cuota de inmigración D ET sisserände piirarv Source FI maahanmuuttokiintiö Developed by EMN E FR quota d’immigration Broader terms GA cuóta inimirce F HU bevándorlási kvóta ★★ labour migration ★★ quota IT quota (per immigrati) G LT imigracijos kvota Note LV imigrācijas kvota In the EU context, such quotas are primarily used for H MT Kwota ta’ immigrazzjoni third-country nationals only. NL immigratiequota PL kwota imigracyjna I PT quota de imigração J RO cotă de imigraţie SK prisťahovalecká kvóta / imigračná kvóta SL kvota za priseljevanje K SV invandringskvot NO innvandringskvote L M

impostor N BG измамник Definition O CS osoba zneužívající cizí identitu A person claiming the identity of another person, for DE Betrüger instance by using the other person's authentic iden- P EL απατεώνας tity documents. ES impostor Q ET petis Source FI toiseksi tekeytyjä / impostori Derived by EMN based on the Norwegian ID Centre FR imposteur R GA Pasadóir Synonym HU imposztor ★★ imposter S IT colui che commette il reato di sostituzione di Notes persona T 1. An impostor practises deception under an assumed LT asmuo, kuris naudojasi svetimu dokumentu identity or name or by altering their physical appear- LV viltvārdis U ance. Imposture also applies to an authentic passport MT impostur containing a false visa or stamp, or to a genuine visa NL bedrieger V in a forged passport. For further information see Fron- PL tex: Best Practice Operational Guidelines for Automat- PT impostor W ed Border Control. RO 2. Both spellings impostor/imposter can be found, cf. SK podvodník Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (2nd edi- X SL uporabnik tuje listine / slepar tion). Both versions are used by the European Union SV bedragare and the Schengen Member Countries. Y NO imposter Z

207 inadmissible application for international protection

BG недопустима молба за международна Definitions I закрила An application for international protection which CS nepřípustná žádost o mezinárodní ochranu an EU Member State authority may decide not to ex- DE unzulässiger Antrag auf internationalen amine in the following cases: Schutz EL μη παραδεκτή αίτηση διεθνούς προστασίας (a) another EU Member State has granted interna- ES solicitud de protección internacional tional protection; inadmisible ET vastuvõetamatu rahvusvahelise kaitse taotlus (b) a country which is not an EU Member State is con- FI kansainvälistä suojelua koskeva hakemus, sidered as a first country of asylum for the appli- jota ei oteta tutkintaan cant FR demande de protection internationale irrecevable (c) a country which is not an EU Member State is con- GA iarratas neamh-inghlactha ar chosaint sidered as a safe third country for the applicant idirnáisiúnta HU nemzetközi védelem iránti elfogadhatatlan (d) the application is a subsequent application, where kérelem no new elements or findings relating to the exami- IT Domanda di protezione internazionale nation of whether the applicant qualifies as aben - inammissibile eficiary of international protection by virtue of LT nepriimtinas tarptautinės apsaugos prašymas Directive 2011/95/EU have arisen or have been pres (EU acquis); nepriimtinas prašymas suteikti prieglobstį (e) a dependant of the applicant lodges an application LV nepieņemams starptautiskās aizsardzības after they have, in accordance with Art. 7(2), consent- pieteikums ed to have their case be part of an application lodged MT applikazzjoni inaċċettabbli għall-protezzjoni on their behalf, and there are no facts relating to the internazzjonali dependant’s situation which justify a separate appli- NL niet-ontvankelijk verzoek om internationale cation. bescherming PL niedopuszczony wniosek o ochronę Source międzynarodową Art. 33 of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Pro- PT pedido inadmíssivel de proteção internacional cedures Directive) RO Synonym SK neprípustná žiadosť o medzinárodnú ochranu ★★ formal decision SL nedopustna prošnja za mednarodno zaščito SV ansökan som inte kan tas upp till prövning Notes NO asylsøknad som ikke skal realitetsvurderes (b); 1. In such cases a formal decision can be taken which asylsøknad som ikkje skal realitetsvurderast means that the case was closed without an examina- (n) tion of the asylum claim’s substance. 2. In asylum statistics, inadmissable applications are often summarised as formal decisions. This can make comparison of national statistics on inadmissable applications challenging at EU level.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

208 indirect discrimination A

BG непряка/ косвена дискриминация Definition B CS nepřímá diskriminace A situation in which an apparently neutral provision, DE mittelbare Diskriminierung criterion or practice would put persons of a racial or C EL έμμεση διάκριση ethnic origin at a particular disadvantage compared ES discriminación indirecta with other persons, unless that provision, criterion or D ET kaudne diskrimineerimine practice is objectively justified by a legitimate aim and FI välillinen syrjintä the means of achieving that aim are appropriate and E FR discrimination indirecte necessary. GA idirdhealú indíreach F HU közvetett diszkrimináció Source IT discriminazione indiretta Art. 2(b) of Council Directive 2000/43/EC (Racial G LT netiesioginė diskriminacija Equality Directive) LV netieša diskriminācija Related terms H MT Diskriminazzjoni indiretta ★★ institutional discrimination NL indirecte discriminatie ★★ principle of equal treatment PL dyskryminacja pośrednia I ★★ structural discrimination PT discriminação indireta J RO discriminare indirectă SK nepriama diskriminácia SL posredna diskriminacija K SV indirekt diskriminering NO indirekte diskriminering L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

209 indiscriminate violence

BG безразборно насилие Definition I CS svévolné násilí Violence in situations of international or internal DE willkürliche Gewalt armed conflict which presents a serious and individual EL αδιακρίτως ασκούμενη βία threat to a civilian's life. ES violencia indiscriminada ET juhuslik vägivald Source FI mielivaltainen väkivalta Art. 15 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification FR violence aveugle Directive) GA foréigean neamh-idirdhealaitheach Broader term HU megkülönböztetés nélküli erőszak IT Violenza indiscriminata ★★ serious harm LT nesirenkamasis smurtas (EU acquis); Notes beatodairiškas smurtas 1. The term is relevant for the purposes of determin- LV izplatīta vardarbība ing the risk of serious harm in the context of qual- MT vjolenza indiskriminata ification forsubsidiary protection status under Art. NL willekeurig geweld 15(c) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification PL przemoc na masową skalę Directive). Indiscriminate violence refers to the source PT violência indiscriminada of the specific type of serious harm identified in Art. RO 15(c). SK všeobecné násilie / nediskriminačné násilie 2. In its judgment in Elgafaji, the Court of Justice of SL vsesplošno nasilje the European Union (CJEU) has held that the term SV urskillningslöst våld ‘indiscriminate’ implies that the violence ‘may extend NO vilkårlig vold (b); vilkårleg vald (n) to people irrespective of their personal circumstances’. The Court highlighted the ‘exceptional situation’ needed for Art. 15(c) to apply to civilians generally. It made clear that, for this to be the case: ‘ the degree of indiscriminate violence characterising the armed conflict taking place … such a high level that substantial grounds are shown for believing that a civilian, returned to the relevant country or, as the case may be, to the relevant region, would, solely on account of his presence on the territory of that country or region, face a real risk of being subject to the serious threat referred in Art. 15(c) of the Directive.’ (See CJEU C-465/07 Elgafaji vs the Netherlands, 3. United Nations High Commissioner for Refu- gees (UNHCR) understands the term ‘indiscriminate’ to encompass ‘acts of violence not targeted at a specific object or individual, as well as acts of violence which are targeted at a specific object or individual but the effects of which may harm others’. (See UN- HCR’s study: ‘Safe at Last? Law and Practice in Select- ed EU Member States with respect to asylum seekers fleeing indiscriminate violence’).

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

210 informal economy A

BG неформална икономика Definition B CS šedá ekonomika All economic activities by workers and economic units DE informelle Wirtschaft / Schattenwirtschaft that are – in law or in practice – not covered or insuf- C EL παραοικονομία ficiently covered by formal arrangements. ES economía informal D ET varimajandus Source FI epävirallinen talous / pimeä talous Para. 3 of ILO Resolution concerning Decent Work and E FR économie informelle the Informal Economy, 2002 GA geilleagar neamhfhoirmiúil Synonyms F HU szürke gazdaság IT economia informale ★★ black market ★★ clandestine employment G LT šešėlinė ekonomika LV neformālā ekonomika Related terms H MT Ekonomija informali ★★ informal employment NL informele economie ★★ informal sector PL gospodarka nierejestrowana I PT economia informal Notes J RO economie informală 1. Activities within the informal economy are not SK tieňová ekonomika / šedá ekonomika covered by law, which means that they are operat- K SL neformalna (siva) ekonomija ing outside of the formal reach of relevant legislation; SV informell ekonomi or they are not covered in practice, which means that, L NO uformell økonomi / parallell økonomi although they are operating within the formal reach of the law, the law is not applied or not enforced, or the law discourages compliance because it is in- M appropriate, burdensome or imposes excessive costs. 2. This applies to third-country nationals, too. N O

P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

211 Information and Coordination Network for Member States’ Migration Management Services (ICONet) I BG Мрежа за информация и координация на Definition службите за управление на миграцията на A secure web-based information and coordination държавите членки network for the rapid information exchange between CS Informační a koordinační síť pro služby řízení EU Member States on irregular migration flows and migrace členských států phenomena, and the return of illegal residents. DE Informations- und Koordinierungsnetz für die Migrationsbehörden der EU-Mitgliedstaaten Source EL Δικτύου Πληροφοριών και Συντονισμού των Derived by EMN from Art. 1 of Council Decision Υπηρεσιών Διαχείρισης της Μετανάστευσης των 2005/267/EC (Decision on an Information and Coor- κρατών μελών dination Network for Member States’ Migration Man- ES ICONet agement Services) ET liikmesriikide migratsiooniteenistuste info-ja koordineerimisvõrgustik Synonym FI tieto- ja koordinointiverkosto maahanmuuton ★★ ICONet hallinnasta vastaavia jäsenvaltioiden Related terms viranomaisia varten / ICONet ★★ European Border and Coast Guard Agency FR Réseau d’information et de coordination (Frontex) sécurisé connecté à l’internet pour les services ★★ Immigration Liaison Officer (ILO) des États membres chargés de la gestion des ★★ mutual information mechanism flux migratoires (ICONet) GA ICONet Notes HU a tagállamok migrációkezelési szolgálatainak 1. The ICONet was established in 2005 within the információs és koordinációs hálózata framework of the Council’s comprehensive plan IT Rete di Informazione e Coordinamento per to combat illegal immigration and trafficking of hu- i Servizi di Gestione dell’Immigrazione degli man beings. Stati Membri / ICONet 2. The elements for information exchange shall in- LT Informacijos ir koordinavimo tinklas, skirtas clude at least the following: valstybių narių migracijos valdymo tarnyboms a)early warning system on irregular immigration and LV Informācijas un koordinācijas tīkls dalībvalstu facilitator networks; migrācijas pārvaldes dienestiem b)network of immigration liaison officers; MT Netwerk ta’ Informazzjoni u Koordinazzjoni c)information on the use of visas, borders and travel għas-Servizzi dwar Ġestjoni ta’ Migrazzjoni documents in relation to illegal immigration; and fl-Istati Membri / ICONet d)return-related issues. NL Informatie- en coördinatienetwerk voor de migratiebeheersdiensten van de lidstaten PL ICONet / no usual translation PT ICONet RO Reţeaua de informare şi coordonare a serviciilor de management al migraţiei din statele membre (ICONet) SK Informačná a koordinačná sieť pre služby riadenia migrácie členských štátov / ICONet SL Informacijska in koordinacijska mreža služb držav članic za upravljanje migracije SV ICONet NO ICONet

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

212 inhuman treatment or punishment A

BG нечовешко отношение или наказание Notes B CS nelidské zacházení nebo trest Prohibition on torture or inhuman or degrading DE unmenschliche Behandlung oder Bestrafung 1. treatment or punishment is recognised as a right of C EL απάνθρωπη µεταχείριση ή τιµωρία paramount significance under international human ES pena o trato inhumano rights law and set out in all major international instru- D ET ebainimlik kohtlemine või karistamine ments dealing with civil and political rights, such as in FI epäinhimillinen kohtelu tai rangaistus Art. 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights E FR peine ou traitement inhumain (ECHR). The prohibition, contained in Art. 3 of the ECHR GA íde nó píonós mídhaonna is the only Convention prohibition that is not subject to F HU embertelen bánásmód vagy büntetés any limitations or derogations. IT Trattamento inumano o pena inumana 2. While the UN Convention against Torture and Oth- G LT nežmoniškas elgesys ar baudimas er Cruel, inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punish- LV necilvēcīga rīcība vai sodīšana ment (UNCAT) provides a definition of torture, there H MT trattament jew piena inumana is no universally accepted definition of inhuman and NL onmenselijke behandeling of bestraffing degrading treatment or punishment. The case law I PL nieludzkie traktowanie lub kara of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) PT pena ou tratamento desumanos provides at least a source of guidance even though J RO the decision practice of the Court has changed over SK neľudské zaobchádzanie alebo trestanie the time. On the basis of the degree of severity of K SL nečloveško ravnanje ali kazen ill-treatment the Court distinguished and defined three SV omänsklig behandling eller bestraffning concepts prohibited by Art.3: (i) torture, (ii) inhuman L NO umenneskelig behandling eller straff (b); treatment or punishment and (iii) degrading treatment umenneskeleg handsaming eller straff (n) or punishment. Further, the Court emphasized in the Selmouni vs. France judgement of 28 July 1999 that M Definition the hierarchy distinguishing the three categories of Ill-treatment which is premeditated and applied for ill-treatment is fluid in nature and has to be assessed N hours at a stretch and causing either actual bodily in harmony with societal pogress. injury or intense physical and mental suffering. 3. The concept of inhuman treatment and punishment O Source is the least developped of the three concepts (degrad- ECtHR, Kudla vs Poland Application no. 30210/96 ing treatment, inhuman treatment, torture) for differ- P ent forms of ill-treatment. Related terms 4. It is often difficult to identify the exact boundaries Q ★★ degrading treatment or punishment between the different forms of ill-treatment as this ★★ torture requires an assessment about degrees of suffering R that may depend on the particular circumstances of the case and the caracteristics of the particular victim. S According to the case law of the ECtHR various components can determine whether a particular treatment T constitutes torture or inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment: the gravity of the treatment, the U intentional infliction of the treatment, the severity of the pain, the arbitrariness of the violence, the prohib- V ited purpose, the duration of the treatment and the level of cruelty of the act. The Court did not classify these examples as exhaustive, the prohibited purpose W criterion of the torture definition of the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, inhuman or Degrad- X ing Treatment or Punishment (UNCAT) is not the only decisive factor. Y Z

213 integration

BG интеграция Definition I CS integrace In the EU context, a dynamic, two-way process of mu- DE Integration tual accommodation by all immigrants and residents EL ένταξη of EU Member States. ES integración ET lõimumine / integratsioon Source FI kotouttaminen / kotoutuminen Action 1, section 2 of Communication on a Common FR intégration Agenda for Integration, COM(2005) 389 final GA imeascadh Narrower terms HU integráció IT integrazione ★★ Common Basic Principles LT integracija ★★ European Website on Integration ★★ LV integrācija Handbook on Integration ★★ MT Integrazzjoni National Contact Points on Integration NL integratie Related terms PL integracja ★★ adaptation PT integração ★★ host society RO integrare ★★ reintegration SK integrácia SL integracija / vključevanje Notes SV integration 1. Art. 79(4) of the TFEU gives the legal base for Un- NO integrering ion activities on integration. The promotion of fundamental rights, non-discrimination and equal opportunities for all are key integration issues. 2. At EU level, integration policy is developed within the framework of Common Basic Principles – CBP (of which the broad definition above is the first one). 3. For more information, see European Website on In- tegration.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

214 intercultural dialogue A

BG междукултурен диалог Definition B CS mezikulturní dialog An open and respectful exchange of views between DE interkultureller Dialog individuals and groups with different ethnic, cultural, C EL διαπολιτισμικός διάλογος religious and linguistic backgrounds and heritage on ES diálogo intercultural the basis of mutual understanding and respect. D ET kultuuridevaheline dialoog FI kulttuurienvälinen vuoropuhelu Source E FR dialogue interculturel Section 1.4 of Council of Europe: White Paper on Inter- GA idirphlé idirchultúrtha cultural Dialogue, May 2008 F HU interkulturális párbeszéd Notes IT dialogo interculturale G LT tarpkultūrinis dialogas 1. Intercultural dialogue has long been a principle sup- LV starpkultūru dialogs ported by the European Union and its institutions. The H MT Djalogu interkulturali year 2008 was designated ‘European Year of Intercul- NL interculturele dialoog tural Dialogue’ (EYID) by the European Parliament and PL dialog międzykulturowy the EU Member States. It aimed to draw the atten- I tion of people in Europe to the importance of dialogue PT diálogo intercultural J RO dialog intercultural within diversity and between diverse cultures. SK medzikultúrny dialóg / interkultúrny dialóg 2. For more information, see Evaluation of the SL medkulturni dialog European Year of Intercultural Dialogue, 2008 K SV interkulturell dialog (COM/2010/03561 final) . NO interkulturell dialog L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

215 Intergovernmental Consultations on Migration, Asylum and Refugees (IGC)

BG Междуправителствени консултации по Definition I миграция, убежище и бежанци An informal, non-decision making forum for intergov- CS Mezivládní konzultace k migraci, azylu a ernmental information exchange and policy debate on uprchlictví issues of relevance to the management of interna- DE Zwischenstaatliche Beratungen über tional migratory flows, which brings together the par- Migration, Asyl und Flüchtlinge ticipating states, the United Nations High Commis- EL Οργανισμός Διακυβερνητικών Διαβουλεύσεων sioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the International για τη μετανάστευση, το άσυλο και τους Organization for Migration (IOM) and the Europe- πρόσφυγες an Commission. ES Consultas Intergubernamentales sobre Asilo, Refugio y Migración Source ET valitsustevahelised konsultatsioonid rände-, Website of the IGC varjupaiga- ja pagulasteemal FI Euroopan, Pohjois-Amerikan ja Australian Synonym turvapaikka-, pakolais- ja siirtolaispolitiikkoja ★★ IGC käsittelevät hallitustenväliset neuvottelut / Notes IGC FR Consultations intergouvernementales sur les 1. The starting point for the IGC was a conference held politiques d’asile, de réfugiés et de migrations in May 1985 under the auspices of the UNHCR. While historically focused on asylum issues, IGC has moved GA Comhairliúcháin Idir-Rialtasacha maidir le towards greater discussion and exchange of data hImirce, Tearmann agus Dídeanaithe on general migration policies since 2006. HU Kormányközi Tanácskozás / Együttműködés a For more information on participating states etc., Migrációról és a Menekültügyről 2. see the IGC website. IT Consultazioni Inter-Governative in materia di Immigrazione, Asilo e Rifugiati LT Tarpvyriausybinės konsultacijos migracijos, prieglobsčio ir pabėgėlių klausimais LV Starpvaldību konsultācijas par migrācijas, patvēruma un bēgļu jautājumiem MT Konsultazzjonijiet Intergovernattivi fuq Migrazzjoni, Ażil u Rifuġjati NL Intergouvernementeel overleg inzake migratie, asiel en vluchtelingen PL międzyrządowe konsultacje nt. migracji, azylu i uchodźców PT Consultas Intergovernamentais sobre Migrações, Asilo e Refugiados RO Consultări interministeriale cu privire la migraţie, azil şi refugiaţi SK Medzivládne konzultácie o migrácii, azyle a utečencoch SL Medvladna posvetovanja o migraciji, azilu in beguncih SV IGC / Intergovernmental Consultations on Migration, Asylum and Refugees (no usual translation) NO Flernasjonal informasjonsutveksling om migrasjons, asyl- og flyktningspørsmål

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

216 internal EU border A

BG вътрешна граница на ЕС Definition B CS vnitřní hranice EU Schengen Member States’ common borders, including DE EU-Binnengrenze land borders, river and lake borders, sea borders and C EL εσωτερικά σύνορα της ΕΕ their airports, river ports, sea ports and lake ports. ES frontera interior (UE) D ET Euroopa Liidu sisepiir Source FI EU:n sisäraja Derived by EMN from Art. 2 (1) of Regulation (EC) No E FR frontière intérieure de l’UE 562/2006 (Schengen Borders Code) GA teorainn inmheánach AE Synonym F HU belső határ ★★ internal Schengen border IT frontiera interna UE G LT ES vidaus siena Related terms LV ES iekšējā robeža ★★ border control H MT Konfini (Il-) interni / Fruntiera (Il-) interna ★★ external EU border tal-UE ★★ irregular entry I NL EU binnengrens ★★ legal entry PL granica wewnętrzna UE ★★ refusal of entry J PT fronteira interna ★★ Schengen Borders Code RO Frontieră internă UE SK vnútorná hranica EÚ Notes K SL notranja meja EU 1. IE and UK do not participate in the Schengen Area. L SV inre gräns 2. BG, HR and RO are Schengen candidate countries, NO grense mellom Schengen-medlemsland BG and RO are currently in the process of joining the Schengen Area. M 3. IS, LI, NO and CH are also Schengen Member States, although they are not EU Member States. N 4. For updated information on membership to the Schengen Area, see the DG Migration and Home Af- O fairs website. P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

217 internal protection

BG вътрешна закрила Definitions I CS vnitrostátní ochrana The concept that an applicant is not in need of in- DE interner Schutz ternational protection if in a part of the country EL εγχώρια προστασία of origin, they ES protección interna ET riigisisene kaitse (a) have no well-founded fear of being persecuted FI sisäisen paon mahdollisuus / suojelu or are not at real risk of suffering serious harm; or alkuperämaassa FR protection à l'intérieur du pays (b) have access to protection against persecution GA cosaint inmheánach or serious harm; HU belső védelem and they can safely and legally travel to and gain ad- IT protezione all’interno del paese di origine mittance to that part of the country and can reasona- LT vidaus apsauga bly be expected to settle there. LV iekšējā aizsardzība MT protezzjoni interna Source NL binnenlandse bescherming Derived by EMN from Art. 8 of PL ochrona wewnętrzna Synonyms PT proteção interna ★★ internal flight alternative RO Protecția în interiorul țării ★★ internal protection alternative SK vnútroštátna ochrana / vnútorná ochrana ★★ internal relocation alternative SL notranja zaščita ★★ IFA SV internt skydd ★★ IPA NO intern beskyttelse (b); internt vern (n) Note The assessment whether an internal protection alternative is available in the country of origin is part of the assessment of the application of international protection and has to take into account all the circumstances of the individual case. This assessment is to be made in the context of the conditions in the place of relocation (including basic human rights, security conditions, socio-economic conditions, accommodation, access to health care facilities), in order to determine the impact on that individual of settling in the proposed place of relocation and whether the individual could live a relatively normal life without undue hardship. For further information see UNHCR: Guidelines on international protection: Internal Flight or Relocation Alternative within the Context of Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Con- vention and/or 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees, July 2003.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

218 internally displaced person A

BG вътрешно разселено лице Definition B CS vnitřně vysídlená osoba A person or groups of persons who has been forced DE Binnenvertriebener or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of C EL εσωτερικώς εκτοπισθείς habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in or- ES población desplazada internamente der to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of D ET riigisiseselt ümberasustatud isik / riigisisene generalised violence, violations of human rights or põgenik natural or human-made disasters, and who have not E FI maan sisällä siirtymään joutunut henkilö / crossed an internationally recognised State border. maan sisäinen pakolainen F FR personne déplacée à l’intérieur de son propre Source pays Art. 2 of UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displace- G GA duine easáitithe de thír ment, 1998 HU belső menekült Synonym H IT sfollato interno ★★ IDP LT viduje perkeltasis asmuo LV iekšzemē pārvietota persona Broader term I MT Persuna sfollata internament / f’pajjiżha stess ★★ displaced person NL in eigen land ontheemd persoon J PL osoba przesiedlona wewnętrznie Related terms PT deslocado interno ★★ de facto refugee K RO persoană strămutată intern ★★ environmentally displaced person SK vnútorne vysídlená osoba ★★ forced migrant L SL notranje razseljena oseba (NRO) SV internflykting Note M NO internt fordrevet person (b); internt fordriven For more information, see the website of the Internal person (n) Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC). N O

P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

219 International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) format

BG Формат на Международната организация Definition I за гражданска авиация Specifications set out by the International Civil Avia- CS Formát stanovený Mezinárodní organizací pro tion Organisation (ICAO) in relation to machine read- civilní letectví able travel documents, including passports, travel DE Format der Internationalen Zivilluftfahrt- documents and visas. Organisation / Format der Zivilluftfahrt- Organisation Source EL μορφότυπος Διεθνούς Οργάνωσης Πολιτικής Derived by EMN from ICAO Doc 9303 Machine Read- Αεροπορίας able Travel Documents Seventh Edition, 2015, Part 1. ES formato de la organización de aviación civil internacional Synonym ET Rahvusvahelise Tsiviillennun-duse ★★ ICAO format Organisatsiooni Notes spetsifikatsioonid FI Kansainvälisen siviili-ilmailujärjestön 1. The specifications relate to both machine reada- määrittelyt koneluettavista ble travel documents and electronic machine readable matkustusasiakirjoista. travel documents which include the capability of being FR format de l'Organisation de l'aviation civile used for biometric identification. internationale 2. The ICAO format is followed by all EU/Schengen GA Member States. HU Nemzetközi Polgári Repülési Szervezet (ICAO) formátum IT Formato Standard ICAO – Organizzazione Internazionale Aviazione Civile LT Tarptautinės civilinės aviacijos organizacijos reikalavimai LV Starptautiskās Civilās aviācijas organizācijas forma MT format tal- Organizzazzjoni tal-Avjazzjoni Ċivili Internazzjonali NL Internationale Burgerluchtvaartorganisatie format PL PT Formato estabelecido pela Organização da Aviação Civil Internacional RO SK formát Medzinárodnej organizácie pre civilné letectvo / formát ICAO SL Specifikacija Mednarodne organizacije za civilno letalstvo SV Internationella civila luftfartsorganisationens format NO Format fastlagt av Den internasjonale organisasjonen for sivil luftfart

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

220 International Organization for Migration (IOM) A

BG Международна организация по миграция Definition B CS Mezinárodní organizace pro migraci An intergovernmental organisation in the field ofmi - DE Internationale Organisation für Migration gration dedicated to ensuring the orderly and hu- C EL Διεθνής Οργανισμός Μετανάστευσης mane management of migration, to promote interna- ES Organización Internacional para las tional cooperation on migration issues, to assist in the D Migraciones search for practical solutions to migration problems ET Rahvusvaheline Migratsiooniorganisatsioon and to provide humanitarian assistance to migrants in E FI Kansainvälinen siirtolaisuusjärjestö need, be they refugees, displaced persons or other FR Organisation internationale pour les uprooted people. F migrations GA an Eagraíocht Idirnáisiúnta um Imirce Source G HU Nemzetközi Migrációs Szervezet Website of the International Organisation of Migration IT Organizzazione Internazionale per le Synonym H Migrazioni ★★ IOM LT Tarptautinė migracijos organizacija LV Starptautiskā Migrācijas organizācija Related term I MT Organizzazzjoni (L-) Internazzjonali għall- ★★ United Nations High Commissioner for Refu- J Migrazzjoni gees (UNHCR) NL Internationale Organisatie voor Migratie PL Międzynarodowa Organizacja do Spraw Notes K Migracji 1. The agency was created in 1951. L PT Organização Internacional para as Migrações 2. It is one of the main inter-governmental organisa- RO Organizaţia Internaţională pentru Migraţie tions in the field of migration and works closely with SK Medzinárodná organizácia pre migráciu governmental, intergovernmental and non-govern- M SL Mednarodna organizacija za migracije mental partners. SV International Organization for Migration / 3. For further information, see the website of IOM. N Internationella organisationen för migration NO Den internasjonale migrasjonsorganisasjonen O

P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

221 international protection

BG международна закрила Definitions I CS mezinárodní ochrana In the global context, the actions by the international DE internationaler Schutz community on the basis of international law, aimed EL διεθνής προστασία at protecting the fundamental rights of a specific cat- ES protección (internacional) egory of persons outside their countries of origin, ET rahvusvaheline kaitse who lack the national protection of their own coun- FI kansainvälinen suojelu tries. FR protection internationale GA cosaint idirnáisiúnta In the EU context, protection that encompasses ref- HU nemzetközi védelem ugee status and subsidiary protection status. IT protezione internazionale LT tarptautinė apsauga (EU acquis); prieglobstis Sources LV starptautiskā aizsardzība Global context: UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms MT Protezzjoni internazzjonali EU context: Derived by EMN from Art. 2(a) of Directive NL internationale bescherming 2011/95/EC (Recast Qualification Directive) PL ochrona międzynarodowa Broader term PT proteção internacional ★★ protection RO protecţie internaţională SK medzinárodná ochrana Narrower terms SL mednarodna zaščita ★★ refugee status SV internationellt skydd ★★ subsidiary protection NO internasjonal beskyttelse (b); internasjonalt Related terms vern (n) ★★ asylum ★★ Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol ★★ humanitarian protection ★★ temporary protection ★★ United Nations High Commissioner for Refu- gees (UNHCR)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

222 intra-corporate transferee A

BG вътрешно-корпоративен трансфер Definition B CS vnitropodnikově převáděný pracovník A third-country national subject to a temporary DE unternehmensintern transferierter secondment from an undertaking established outside C Arbeitnehmer (EU acquis, AT, LU); the territory of a EU Member State and to which the innerbetrieblich versetzte Person (DE) third-country national is bound by a work contract to D EL ενδοϋπηρεσιακώς µετατιθέµενος an entity belonging to the undertaking or to the same ES trabajador transnacional group of undertakings which is established inside this E ET ettevõttesisene üleviimine territory. FI sisäisen siirron saanut työntekijä / yrityksen F tilapäisesti toiseen maahan lähettämä Source työntekijä Derived from Arts. 3(b) and 3(c) of Directive 2014/66/ G FR personne faisant l’objet d’un transfert EU (Directive on the entry and residence of third-coun- temporaire intragroupe try nationals in the framework of an intra-corporate H GA aistrí ionchorparáideach transfer) HU vállalaton belül áthelyezett személy Note IT lavoratore straniero distaccato (persona I trasferita all’interno della stessa società in un The World Trade Organisation’s (WTO) General Agree- altro paese) ment on Trade in Services (GATS), liberalises trade J LT bendrovės viduje perkeliamas asmuo (EU in services, including the temporary movement of nat- acquis); įmonės viduje perkeltas užsienietis ural persons as service suppliers. Mode 4 refers to the K LV uzņēmuma ietvaros pārcelts darbinieks / presence of persons of one WTO member in the terri- uzņēmuma iekšienē nosūtīts darbinieks tory of another for the purpose of providing a service. L MT Ħaddiem trasferit minn post għal ieħor It does not concern persons seeking access to the em- tal‑istess kumpanija / Trasferiment intra- ployment market in the host member, nor does it af- M korporattiv ta’ ħaddiem fect measures regarding citizenship, residence or em- NL binnen een onderneming overgeplaatste ployment on a permanent basis. For more information, N persoon see the website of the World Trade Organization. PL pracownik przenoszony wewnątrz O przedsiębiorstwa PT pessoas transferidas temporariamente pela P empresa RO transferat intra-corporaţie Q SK pracovník presunutý v rámci spoločnosti SL oseba premeščena znotraj podjetja R SV företagsinternt förflyttad person NO utstasjonert arbeidstaker (b); utstasjonert S arbeidstakar (n) T

U V W X Y Z

223 intra-EU mobility

BG движение в рамките на ЕС Definition I CS mobilita v rámci EU Action of persons (EU nationals or legally resident DE EU-Binnenmobilität third-country nationals) undertaking their right EL κινητικότητα στο εσωτερικό της ΕΕ/ to free movement by moving from one EU Member ενδοκοινοτική κινητικότητα State to another. ES movilidad intracomunitaria ET Euroopa Liidu sisene liikuvus Source FI EU: n sisäinen liikkuvuus Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘right to free FR mobilité intra-UE movement’ in the EMN Glossary GA gluaisteacht san AE Synonyms HU EU-n belüli mobilitás IT mobilità intra-UE ★★ EU mobility ★★ free movement LT judumas ES viduje ★★ intra EU / EFTA-mobility LV ES iekšējā mobilitāte ★★ Inter-EU migration MT Intramobbiltà fl-UE ★★ Intra-EU migration NL mobiliteit binnen de EU ★★ third-country national mobility PL mobilność wewnątrzunijna PT mobilidade intra-UE Broader term RO mobilitate intra UE ★★ right to free movement SK mobilita v rámci Európskej únie / mobilita v rámci EÚ Notes SL notranja mobilnost v EU 1. Free movement / intra-EU mobility is available un- SV EU-intern rörlighet der two different schemes. The first scheme is a very NO mobilitet mellom EUs medlemsland open one and applicable to EU citizens who benefit from full freedom of movement. The second scheme concerns migrant workers. Rules applicable here are less generous and limited to specific categories of third-country nationals, i.e. long-term residents, highly skilled workers, researchers and students. 2. Through separate agreements between the EU and IS, LI, NO and CH, the same rights to free movement apply to their citizens and their territories.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

224 irregular entry A

BG незаконно влизане Broader term B CS neoprávněný vstup na území ★★ irregular migration DE irreguläre Einreise C EL παράτυπη είσοδος Related terms ES entrada irregular ★★ border control D ET ebaseaduslik (riiki) sisenemine ★★ external EU border FI säännöstenvastainen / laiton maahantulo ★★ internal EU border E FR entrée irrégulière ★★ legal entry GA iontráil aimhrialta ★★ Schengen Borders Code F HU szabálytalan határátlépés Notes IT ingresso irregolare G LT neteisėtas atvykimas 1. The European Commission favours nowadays the LV nelikumīga ieceļošana term ‘irregular entry’ (e.g. see: DG Home e-Library H MT Dħul irregolari Glossary) instead of ‘illegal entry’. NL illegale binnenkomst / onregelmatige of 2. Art. 5 of the Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schen- irreguliere binnenkomst gen Borders Code) states that for stays not exceeding I PL nieregularny wjazd three months per six-month period, the entry condi- PT entrada irregular tions for third-country nationals shall be the following: J RO a) they are in possession of a valid travel document SK nelegálny vstup / neoprávnený vstup or documents authorising them to cross the border; K SL nedovoljen vstop / ilegalni vstop b) they are in possession of a valid visa, if required SV olaglig inresa pursuant to Council Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 L NO irregulær innreise listing the third countries whose nationals must be in possession of visas when crossing the external bor- M Definitions ders and those whose nationals are exempt from that In the global context, crossing borders without com- requirement (17), except where they hold a valid res- N plying with the necessary requirements for legal en- idence permit; try into the receiving State. c) they justify the purpose and conditions of the in- O tended stay, and they have sufficient means of sub- In the Schengen context, the entry of a third-coun- sistence, both for the duration of the intended stay P try national into a Schengen Member State who and for the return to their country of origin or does not satisfy Art. 5 of the Regulation (EU) transit to a third country into which they are certain Q 2016/399 (Schengen Borders Code). to be admitted, or are in a position to acquire such means lawfully; R Sources d) they are not persons for whom an alert has been Global context: Definition for ‘illegal entry’ in Art. 3(b) issued in the SIS for the purposes of refusing entry; of the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by e) they are not considered to be a threat to public pol- S Land, Sea and Air, Supplementing the UN Convention icy, internal security, public health or the international against Transnational Organized Crime relations of any of the EU Member States, in particular T Schengen context: Developed by EMN where no alert has been issued in EU Member States' U Synonym national data bases for the purposes of refusing entry on the same grounds.) ★★ illegal entry 3. For more information, see Regulation (EU) 2016/399 V (Schengen Borders Code) W X Y Z

225 irregular migrant

BG незаконен мигрант Synonyms I CS neregulérní migrant ★★ clandestine migrant DE irregulärer Migrant ★★ illegal migrant EL παράτυπος μετανάστης ★★ insufficiently documented migrant ES inmigrante en situación irregular ★★ migrant in an irregular siuation ET ebaseaduslikult riigis viibiv isik ★★ migrant with irregular status FI säännöstenvastaisesti / laittomasti maassa ★★ unauthorised migrant oleskeleva henkilö ★★ undocumented migrant FR migrant en séjour irrégulier GA imirceach neamhrialta Broader term HU irreguláris migráns ★★ migrant IT migrante irregolare Narrower term LT neteisėtas migrantas ★★ LV neatbilstīgs migrants (EU acquis); nelikumīgs third-country national found to be illegally migrants (national) present MT Migrant(a) irregolari Related terms NL illegaal verblijvende migrant / onregelmatig of ★★ apprehension irregulier verblijvende migrant ★★ irregular migration PL migrant nieregularny ★★ overstay(er) PT imigrante irregular RO migrant ilegal Notes SK neregulárny migrant / nelegálny migrant / 1. The IOM definition covers inter alia those persons migrant bez platného povolenia na pobyt who have entered a transit or host country lawfully SL nezakoniti migrant / ilegalni migrant but have stayed for a longer period than authorised SV irreguljär migrant or subsequently taken up unauthorised employment. NO irregulær migrant 2. The term 'irregular' is preferable to 'illegal' migrant because the latter carries a criminal connotation, en- Definitions tering a country in an irregular manner, or staying with In the global context, a person who, owing to irregu- an irregular status, is not a criminal offence but an in- lar entry, breach of a condition of entry or the expi- fraction of administrative regulations. Apart from this, ry of their legal basis for entering and residing, lacks juridically and ethically, an act can be legal or illegal legal status in a transit or host country. but a person cannot. Thus more and more the term 'migrant in an irregular situation' or 'migrant with ir- In the EU context, a third-country national present regular status' is preferred. on the territory of a Schengen State who does not 3. The European Commission has used the term fulfil, or no longer fulfils, the conditions of entry as 'third-country national found to be illegally set out in the Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen present' or 'illegally resident/staying third-country Borders Code), or other conditions for entry national' in legislation. The Council of Europe differentiates between illegal Sources 4. migration and irregular migrant. Referring to Resolu- Global context: Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary tion 1509 (2006) of the Council of Europe Parliamen- on Migration, 2nd. Ed. 2011 tary Assembly, ‘illegal’ is preferred when referring to EU context: Derived by EMN from the definition of a status or process, whereas 'irregular' is preferred. ‘illegal stay’ in Art. 3 of Directive 2008/115/EC (Re- turn Directive)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

226 irregular migration A

BG незаконна миграция Broader term B CS neregulérní migrace ★★ migration DE irreguläre Migration C EL παράτυπη μετανάστευση Narrower terms ES inmigración irregular ★★ irregular entry D ET ebaseaduslik ränne ★★ irregular stay FI säännösten vastainen / laiton maahanmuutto ★★ secondary movement of migrants E FR migration irrégulière Related term GA Imirce neamhrialta ★★ irregular migrant F HU irreguláris migráció IT migrazione irregolare Notes G LT neteisėta migracija 1. There is no universally accepted definition of irreg- LV neatbilstīga migrācija (EU acquis); nelikumīga ular migration. From the perspective of destination H migrācija countries it is entry, stay or work in a country without MT Migrazzjoni irregolari the necessary authorisation or documents required I NL illegale migratie / irreguliere migratie under immigration regulations. From the perspective PL migracja nieregularna of the sending country, the irregularity is, for example, J PT migração irregula seen in cases in which a person crosses an interna- RO migraţie ilegală tional boundary without a valid passport or travel K SK neregulárna migrácia / nelegálna migrácia document or does not fulfil the administrative re- SL nedovoljena migracija / ilegalna migracija quirements for leaving the country. There is, however, L SV irreguljär migration a tendency to restrict the use of the term to cases of NO irregulær migrasjon smuggling of migrants and trafficking in human . M Definition beings 2. Defining irregular migration has been the subject Movement of persons to a new place of residence or of considerable debate. Terms such as illegal, undoc- N transit that takes place outside the regulatory norms umented, non-documented, and unauthorised migra- of the sending, transit and receiving countries. tion can have different connotations in national policy O Sources debates. Due to this and the assocation with crimi- Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, nality the term 'illegal migration" should be avoided, P 2nd. ed., 2011 and as most irregular migrants are not criminals. Being DG Home e-Library Glossary in a country without the required papers is, in most Q countries, not a criminal offence but an administrative Synonyms infringement. R ★★ illegal migration 3. While the UN use the term 'irregular' or 'undoc- ★★ undocumented migration umented' migration, the European Commission fa- S ★★ illegal immigration voured for a long time the term 'illegal immigration', ★★ unauthorised migration but more recently refers to 'irregular migration' as T ★★ clandestine migration well. 4. The Council of Europe differentiates between illegal U migration and irregular migrant. Referring to Reso- lution 1509 (2006) of the Council of Europe Parlia- V mentary Assembly, ‘illegal’ is preferred when referring to a status or process, whereas ‘irregular’ is preferred when referring to a person. W X

Y Z

227 Irregular Migration Management Application (IRMA)

BG Приложение за интегрирано управление на Definition I връщането A restricted and secure information exchange plat- CS Systém pro správu dat o nelegální migraci form developed by the European Commission which DE Anwendung für integriertes connects EU Member and Schengen States, the Euro- Rückkehrmanagement pean Commission, the European Border and Coast EL Εφαρμογή για τη Διαχείριση της Παράτυπης Guard Agency (Frontex) and the relevant EU fund- Μετανάστευσης ed programmes at operational, practitioner level and ES Aplicación para la gestión de la migración which facilitates the planning, organisation and im- irregular plementation of return and readmission activities ET Ebaseadusliku rände haldamise rakendus with the objective of making return procedures more FI Eurooppalaisten viranomaisten effective. palauttamistoimia koskeva tietojenvaihtojärjestelmä (not in general use) / Sources IRMA-tietokanta Derived by EMN from European Commission Commu- FR application de gestion de la migration nication on a more effective return policy in the Euro- irrégulière pean Union - A renewed action plan, COM(2017) 200 GA final HU irreguláris migráció-kezelési alkalmazás and IT applicazione di gestione integrata dei rimpatri European Commission: Progress report on the Europe- LT Neteisėtos migracijos valdymo programa an Agenda on Migration COM(2017) 669 final LV Neatbilstīgas migrācijas pārvaldības lietotne and MT Applikazzjoni tal-Ġestjoni tal-Migrazzjoni Technical guidelines for return operational data col- Irregolari lection NL EU-toepassing voor geïntegreerd Synonym terugkeerbeheer ★★ IRMA PL PT Aplicação de Gestão de Migração Irregular Broader terms RO ★★ readmisson SK Aplikácia pre integrované riadenie návratov ★★ return SL Aplikacija za skladno upravljanje vračanja Related term SV applikation för hantering av irreguljär ★★ return operation migration NO Irregular Migration Management Application Notes (no usual translation) 1. Irma was implemented on 1 September 2017 under the name ‘Return Management Application’ which was later changed to 'Irregular Migration Management Ap- plication', the acronym 'IRMA' remains the same. 2. IRMA contains information on best practices and guidelines per third country, legislation, return programmes, operational data on return operations and statistics. 3. IRMA aims at building synergies and enabling work in a mutually reinforcing way. It also allows Frontex to assume a more pro-active role in planning joint return operations.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

228 irregular stay A

BG незаконно пребиваване Definition B CS neoprávněný pobyt The presence on the territory of an EU Member State, DE irregulärer Aufenthalt of a third-country national who does not fulfil, or C EL παράτυπη διαμονή no longer fulfils the conditions of entry as set out in ES estancia irregular Art. 5 of the Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen D ET ebaseaduslik (riigis) viibimine Borders Code) or other conditions for entry, stay or FI säännösten vastainen / laiton maassa residence in that EU Member State. E oleskelu FR séjour irrégulier Source F GA cuairt aimhrialta Art. 3 (2) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) HU szabálytalan tartózkodás Synonym G IT soggiorno irregolare ★★ illegal stay LT neteisėtas buvimas H LV nelikumīga uzturēšanās Broader term MT Qagħda / Waqfa / Żjara irregolari ★★ irregular migration NL illegaal verblijf / onregelmatig of irregulier I verblijf Related terms PL nieregularny pobyt ★★ irregular entry J PT permanência irregular ★★ overstay(er) RO ședere ilegală ★★ third-country national found to be illegally K SK neoprávnený pobyt / neregulárny pobyt / present nelegálny pobyt L SL nedovoljeno prebivanje / ilegalno prebivanje Note SV olaglig vistelse The European Commission favours nowadays the term M NO irregulært opphold (b); irregulært opphald (n) ‘irregular stay’ (e.g. see: DG HOME e-Library Glossary) instead of ‘illegal stay’ which was the term used in the N Directive 2008/115/EU (Return Directive). O P ius sanguinis Q BG no translation Definition CS ius sanguinis / právo krve The determination of a person’s nationality on the ba- R DE Abstammungsprinzip / Ius sanguinis sis of the nationality of their parents (or one parent or EL δίκαιο του αίματος / ius sanguinis one particular parent) at the time of the target per- S ES ius sanguinis son’s birth and at the time of acquisition of nationality ET vereõigus by the target person (the two points in time are differ- T FI periytymisperiaate ent in cases of acquisition after birth). FR droit du sang GA ius sanguinis Source U HU ius sanguinis (vér szerinti leszármazás elve) EUDO Online Glossary on Citizenship and Nationality IT ius sanguinis V Synonyms LT kraujo teisė ★★ jus sanguinis LV Ius sanguinis W ★★ ius sanguinis MT Ius sanguinis NL ius sanguinis / jus sanguinis / Related terms X afstammingsbeginsel ★★ acquisition of citizenship PL prawo krwi ★★ ius soli Y PT ius sanguinis RO ius sanguinis / legea sângelui Z SK právo krvi / ius sanguinis SL jus sanguinis SV jus sanguinis / härstamningsprincipen NO jus sanguinis / nedstammingsprinsippet 229

ius soli

BG no translation Definition I CS ius soli / právo půdy The principle that the nationality of a person is deter- DE Territorialprinzip / Ius soli / Geburtslandprinzip mined on the basis of their country of birth. EL δίκαιο του εδάφους / ius soli ES ius soli Source ET sünnikohaõigus EUDO Online Glossary on Citizenship and Nationality FI syntymäperiaate FR droit du sol Synonym GA ius soli ★★ jus soli HU ius soli (területi elv) Related terms IT ius soli ★★ acquisition of citizenship LT žemės teisė ★★ ius sanguinis LV Ius soli MT Ius soli NL ius soli / jus soli / territorialiteitsbeginsel PL prawo ziemi PT ius soli RO ius soli/ legea locului SK právo zeme / ius soli SL jus soli SV jus soli / territorialprincipen NO jus soli / territorialprinsippet

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

230 labour market test A

BG тест на пазара на труда Definition B LCS test trhu práce Mechanism that aims to ensure that migrant work- DE Arbeitsmarkttest ers are only admitted afteremployers have unsuc- C EL έλεγχος της αγοράς εργασίας cessfully searched for national workers, EU citizens (in ES Catálogo de ocupaciones de difícil cobertura EU Member States this also means EEA workers) or D ET tööturu test legally residing third-country nationals with access FI työvoiman saatavuusharkinta to the labour market according to national legislation. E FR examen du marché de l’emploi / du travail GA tástáil sa mhargadh fostaíochta Source F HU munkaerőpiaci felmérés Derived by EMN from Oxford Migration Observatory IT analisi del mercato del lavoro response to Call for Evidence G LT darbo rinkos testas Synonym LV darba tirgus tests ★★ LMT H MT Test dwar is-suq tax-xogħol NL arbeidsmarkttoets Broader terms I PL test rynku pracy ★★ labour migration PT contingente global de oportunidades de ★★ union preference emprego J Notes RO testarea pieţei forţei de muncă K SK skúmanie situácie na trhu práce 1. The labour market test (LMT) is implemented and SL pregled trga dela applied widely in most EU Member States. Where the SV arbetsmarknadsprövning LMT is applied, some categories of workers can be ex- L NO arbeidsmarkedsvurdering (b); empt, reflecting the specific national situations and arbeidsmarknadsvurdering (n) priorities. M 2. EU Member States apply different methodologies in undertaking LMTs. In general, a considerable role N is left to employers and public employment services. Duration of the verification process varies among EU O Member States. 3. For further information, see EMN: Satisfying labour P demand through migration, June 2011. Q

R S T U V W X Y Z

231 labour matching

BG срещане на търсенето и предлагането на Definition L работна сила The process by which the skills and qualifications of a CS párování nabídky s poptávkou na pracovním worker is compared with the requirements of a par- trhu ticular job vacancy, to establish whether they match DE Ausrichtung des Profils der Arbeitskräfte auf wholly or partly. die Arbeitsmarkterfordernisse EL αντιστοίχιση του εργατικού δυναµικού με την Source αναγνώριση δεξιοτήτων Derived by EMN on the basis of information on the ES Adecuación de la oferta y la demanda en el Website of the World Association of Public Employ- Mercado Laboral ment Services ET tööturuvajadused FI työvoiman kohtaanto / työvoiman kysynnän ja Synonym tarjonnan kohtaanto ★★ skill matching FR rapprochement de l'offre et de la demande de Note main-d'œuvre / adéquation entre le profil du travailleur et les caractéristiques du poste (FR) There is no recognised international definition of the term, although it is frequently used by employment GA comhoiriúnú saothair agencies (public and private) as well as by economic HU munkaerő-kereslet és -kínálat összehangolása and labour market research and policy discussions. IT incontro fra domanda e offerta di lavoro LT atitiktis darbo rinkos poreikiams LV darbaspēka atbilstības izvērtēšana MT tqabbil tal-ħaddiema mal-impjiegi NL afstemming van arbeidsvraag en -aanbod PL dopasowanie kwalifikacji i umiejętności pracownika do wymogów konkretnej oferty pracy PT adequação entre oferta e procura de trabalho / adequação entre o perfil do trabalhador e as caraterísticas do posto de trabalho RO SK umiestňovanie pracovných síl SL ustrezno kvalificirani delavci SV arbetskraftsmatchning NO kobling av arbeidssøker til arbeidstilbud (b); kopling av arbeidssøkjar til arbeidstilbod (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

232 labour migration A

BG трудова миграция Definition B CS pracovní migrace Movement of persons from one state to another, or DE Arbeitsmigration within their own country of residence, for the purpose C EL οικονομική μετανάστευση / μετανάστευση για of employment. εργασία D ES migración laboral Source ET tööränne IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd. ed. 2011 E FI työvoiman muuttoliike / työperusteinen Broader term maahanmuutto F FR migration de travail / migration de main ★★ economic migration d’œuvre Narrower terms G GA imirce lucht oibre ★★ immigration quota HU munkavállalási célú migráció ★★ labour market test H IT migrazione per motivi di lavoro Related term LT darbo migracija I LV darbaspēka migrācija ★★ migrant worker MT Migrazzjoni għal raġunijiet ta’ xogħol Note NL arbeidsmigratie J PL migracja pracownicza Labour migration is addressed by most States in their PT migração laboral migration laws. In addition, some States take an ac- K RO migraţie în scop de muncă tive role in regulating outward labour migration and SK pracovná migrácia seeking opportunities for their nationals abroad. L SL delovna migracija SV arbetskraftsmigration M NO arbeidsmigrasjon N O labour shortage P BG недостиг на работна сила Definition CS nedostatek pracovních sil Shortage of labour of a particular type in a particular Q DE Arbeitskräftemangel labour market which may be said to exist when the EL έλλειψη εργατικού δυναμικού number of vacancies has been (or is expected to be) R ES Escacez de la mano de obra above a level considered to represent 'normal' turno- ET tööjõupuudus ver at the prevailing wages and working conditions for S FI työvoimapula an extended period. FR pénurie de main d'œuvre GA ganntanas lucht saothair Source T HU munkaerőhiány Derived by EMN from sources quoted in 'Collecting IT carenza di forza lavoro statistics on imbalances in the demand for labour', U LT darbo jėgos trūkumas Statistical Journal of the United Nations ECE,16 LV darbaspēka trūkums (1999). Pp 105 - 121. V MT nuqqas ta' ħaddiema Synonym NL tekort aan arbeidskrachten W ★★ skills shortage PL niedobór siły roboczej PT falta de mão-de-obra Related term X RO ★★ skills shortage SK nedostatok pracovnej sily / nedostatková Y profesia Note SL pomanjkanje delavcev There is no recognised international definition of the Z SV arbetskraftsbrist term, although it is frequently used by employment NO mangel på arbeidskraft agencies (public and private) as well as by economic and labour market research and policy discussions.

233

language analysis for the determination of origin (LADO)

BG езиков анализ за определяне на произхода Definition L CS analýza jazyka pro určení původu Analysis of mainly spoken, but also written, language DE Sprachanalyse zur Bestimmung der Herkunft as a method for helping to establish the nationality, EL Ανάλυση γλώσσας για τον καθορισμό πιθανής region or ethnic origin of third-country nation- χώρας και / ή περιοχής καταγωγής als/migrants. ES análisis lingüístico para la determinación del origen Source ET keeleanalüüs isiku päritolu väljaselgitamiseks Developed by EMN FI kielianalyysi henkilön alkuperän selvittämiseksi Synonyms FR analyse linguistique pour la détermination de ★★ LADO l’origine ★★ language and speech analysis for the determination GA anailís teanga le bunús eitneach a chinneadh of origin HU nyelvi elemzés a származás megállapítására ★★ speech-text-analysis IT Analisi linguistica per la determinazione Broader term dell'origine ★★ establishment of identity LT kalbos analizė kilmei nustatyti LV valodas analīze, lai noteiktu izcelsmi Notes MT analiżi tal-lingwa għad-determinazzjoni tal- 1. Language analyses are usually made at the re- oriġini quest of government immigration/asylum agencies NL taalanalyse voor de bepaling van de herkomst attempting to verify asylum claims, but may also be PL rozpoznawcza analiza językowa kraju performed as part of the appeals process for claims pochodzenia which have been denied or may apply in return pro- PT análise da linguagem para determinação da ceedings of other irregular migrants. For further in- origem formation see e.g.: Language and Asylum Research RO Group SK analýza jazyka na určenie pôvodu 2. Speech recordings are typically analysed to deter- SL jezikovna analiza za ugotavljanje izvora / mine whether an applicant's speech patterns show porekla expected features of the specific language variety SV språkanalys för att fastställa ursprung spoken by their claimed group. NO språkanalyse for å vurdere opprinnelsesland The key question that can be addressed scientifically / -område (b); språkanalyse for å vurdere is not one of nationality but of language socialization opphavsland / -område (n) and speech community membership, which is a soci- olinguistic matter. 3. In 2004, 'Guidelines for the use of language analysis in relation to questions of national origin in refugee cases' were published which encompass minimum requirements and safeguards for competent professional language analysis. They serve as a reference point for governments seeking to know how to conduct their investigations in a professional manner. 4. IT does not follow a standardized, codified procedure for languages analysis.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

234 legal entry A

BG законно влизане Definitions B CS oprávněný vstup In the global context, the entry of an alien into a DE legale Einreise foreign country in compliance with the necessary re- C EL νόμιμη είσοδος quirements for legal entry into the receiving State. ES entrada legal D ET seaduslik (riiki) sisenemine In the Schengen context, and for a stay not exceed- FI laillinen maahantulo ing three months per six-month period, the entry of E FR entrée légale a third-country national into a Schengen Member GA iontráil dhleathach State in compliance with Art. 5 of the Regulation (EU) F HU legális beutazás / belépés 2016/399 (Schengen Borders Code). IT ingresso autorizzato G LT teisėtas atvykimas Sources LV likumīga ieceļošana Global context: Derived by EMN from the definition of H MT Dħul legali ‘entry’ in IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed. 2011 and the definition of ‘illegal entry’ in the UN Convention NL legale binnenkomst / regelmatige I binnenkomst against Transnational Organized Crime and its Proto- PL legalny wjazd cols PT entrada legal Schengen context: Derived by EMN from Art. 5 of Reg- J ulation (EC) No 562/2006 (Schengen Borders Code) RO intrare legală K SK oprávnený vstup / legálny vstup Narrower term SL zakonit vstop ★★ admission onto the territory SV laglig inresa L NO lovlig innreise (b); lovleg innreise (n) Related terms ★★ border control M ★★ external EU border ★★ internal EU border N ★★ irregular entry ★★ refusal of entry O ★★ Schengen Borders Code P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

235 legal migration L BG законна миграция Definition CS legální migrace Migration in accordance with the applicable legal DE legale Migration framework. EL νόμιμη μετανάστευση ES inmigración legal Source ET seaduslik ränne Developed by EMN FI laillinen maahanmuutto FR migration légale Synonym GA imirce dhleathach ★★ regular migration HU legális migráció Broader term IT migrazione autorizzata ★★ migration LT teisėta migracija LV likumīga migrācija Related term MT Migrazzjoni legali ★★ irregular migration NL legale migratie / reguliere migratie PL legalna migracja Note PT migração legal DG HOME e-Library Glossary defines the term as fol- RO migraţie legală lows: 'Migration that occurs through recognised, au- SK legálna migrácia thorised channels' (based on IOM). SL zakonita migracija SV laglig migration NO lovlig migrasjon) (b); lovleg migrasjon (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

236 LGB(TI) A

BG ЛГБТ Definition B CS LGB(TI) An acronym for lesbian, gay, bisexual, (trans and in- DE LGB(TI) tersex) people. C EL ΛΟΑΤ(ΚΙ) ES LGTB (Lesbianas, gais, transexuales y Source D bisexuales) Derived by EMN from EASO: Researching the situation ET LGB(TI) of lesbian, gay and bisexual persons (LGB) in countries E FI HLB(TI) of origin, 2015. FR LGB(TI) F GA LADTI/(daoine) Leispiacha, Aeracha, Synonyms ★★ LGB Déghnéasacha, Trasinscneacha agus G Idirghnéasacha ★★ LGBT ★★ LGBTQIA HU LGB(TI)-Leszbikus, Meleg,Biszexuális H (Transznemű,Interszexuális) Related terms IT LGB(TI) ★★ gender-based persecution I LT LGB(TI) ★★ gender-specific violence LV LGB(TI) ★★ social group MT LGB(TI) J NL LGB(TI) Notes K PL LGB(TI) 1. There is no uniform or standardised terminology PT LGB(TI) relating to diverse sexual orientations and gender RO identities. Terminology regarding LGB(TI) varies im- L SK lesbické, homosexuálne, bisexuálne, mensely across (sub-)cultures and countries/regions (transrodové a intersexuálne) osoby and may change over time. M SL LGB(TI) Lezbijke, geji, bi- in transseksualci 2. The term was added as LGB(TI) may experience SV HBTQI (homosexuella, bisexuella, trans- och persecution, serious harm and discrimination in N queerpersoner och intersexuella) their countries of origin and thus it may be a reason NO LGB(TI) for which people claim international protection. O 3. (TI) appears between parentheses because the number of persons claiming international protection P due to being transgender or intergender are negligi- ble, whereas there are much higher numbers claim- Q ing international protection for being lesbian, gay or bisexual. R 4. Art. 10 of the Qualification Directive (Directive 2011/95/EU) reiterates that sexual orientation may S be invoked as one of the five existing Convention grounds for persecution. T

U V W X Y Z

237 Lisbon Treaty

BG Договорът от Лисабон Synonyms L CS Lisabonská smlouva ★★ Reform Treaty DE Vertrag von Lissabon ★★ Treaty of Lisbon EL Η Συνθήκη της Λισαβόνας ES Tratado de Lisboa Related term ET Lissaboni leping ★★ Common European Asylum System (CEAS) FI Lissabonin sopimus FR Traité de Lisbonne Notes GA Conradh Liospóin 1. The Treaty of Lisbon was signed by the 27 EU HU Lisszaboni Szerződés Member States on 13 December 2007, and entered IT Trattato di Lisbona into force on 1 December 2009. It amends the Maas- LT Lisabonos sutartis tricht Treaty (1993), which is also known as the Treaty LV Lisabonas līgums on European Union, and the Treaty of Rome (1952), MT Trattat (It-) ta’ Lisbona which is also known as the Treaty establishing the NL Verdrag van Lissabon European Community (TEEC). At Lisbon, the Treaty PL Traktat Lizboński of Rome was renamed the Treaty on the Functioning PT Tratado de Lisboa of the European Union (TFEU). RO Tratatul de la Lisabona 2. Prominent changes included the move from una- SK Lisabonská zmluva nimity to qualified majority voting in at least 45 policy SL Lizbonska pogodba areas in the Council of Ministers, a change in calculat- SV Lissabonfördraget ing such a majority to a new double majority, a more NO Lisboa-traktaten powerful European Parliament forming a bicameral legislature alongside the Council of ministers under Definition the ordinary legislative procedure, a consolidated le- An international agreement - initially known as the gal personality for the EU, and the creation of a long- Reform Treaty - which amends the two treaties that term President of the European Council and a High form the constitutional basis of the European Union Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and and which aims to enhance the efficiency and dem- Security Policy. The Treaty also made the Union's bill ocratic legitimacy of the European Union and to im- of rights, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the prove the coherence of its actions. European Union, legally binding. 3. The Treaty of Lisbon broadened the competences Source of the EU in asylum issues. According to Art. 78 TFEU, Derived by EMN from Website on the Lisbon Treaty a common policy on asylum is developed through the ordinary legislative procedure. There is no mentioning of minimum standards as before which sets the aim to convergence. The Article provides for the legal basis for the Common European Asylum System (CEAS). For further information, see the entry for 'Common European Asylum System (CEAS)' in this EMN Glossary. 4. For more information see the Website of the Lisbon Treaty.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

238 local border traffic A

BG местен граничен трафик Definition B CS malý pohraniční styk The regular crossing of an external land border by DE kleiner Grenzverkehr border residents in order to stay in a border area, C EL τοπική διασυνοριακή κυκλοφορία for example for social, cultural or substantiated eco- ES tráfico fronterizo local nomic reasons, or for family reasons, for a period not D ET kohalik piiriliiklus exceeding three months. FI paikallinen rajaliikenne E FR petit trafic frontalier Source GA trácht teorann áitiúil Art. 3(3) of Council Regulation (EC) No 1931/2006 F HU kishatárforgalom (Local Border Traffic Regulation) IT traffico frontaliero locale Related terms G LT vietinis eismas per sieną ★★ LV vietējā pierobežas satiksme border area ★★ H MT Traffiku lokali mal-fruntiera / mal-konfini border resident ★★ frontier worker NL klein grensverkeer I PL mały ruch graniczny PT pequeno tráfego fronteiriço J RO mic trafic de frontieră SK malý pohraničný styk (EU acquis); prihraničná doprava K SL lokalni obmejni promet SV lokal gränstrafik L NO lokal grensetrafikk M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

239 lodging an application for international protection

BG подаване на молба за международна Definition L закрила The act of formalising the application for interna- CS poskytnutí údajů k podané žádosti o tional protection with the determining authority mezinárodní ochranu or any other body charged with lodging as per national DE einen förmlichen Antrag auf internationalen practice. Schutz stellen EL υποβολή/ κατάθεση αίτησης για διεθνή Source προστασία Derived by EMN from Art. 6 (2-4) of Directive 2013/32/ ES formalizar una solicitud de protección EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) internacional ET rahvusvahelise kaitse taotluse esitamine Related terms FI kansainvälistä suojelua koskevan hakemuksen ★★ access to the procedure for international pro- jättäminen tection FR introduire une demande de protection ★★ making an application for international pro- internationale / déposer une demande de tection protection internationale Notes GA iarratas ar chosaint idirnáisiúnta a thaisceadh HU nemzetközi védelem iránti kérelem 1. According to Art. 6 (2) of Directive 2013/32 (Recast előterjesztése / benyújtása (a menekültügyi Asylum Procedures Directive), EU Member States have hatóság előtt) to ensure that a person who has made an application IT inoltro di una domanda di protezione for international protection has an effective opportu- internazionale nity to lodge it as soon as possible and have to inform LT tarptautinės apsaugos prašymo pateikimas applicants where and how to lodge. (EU acquis); prašymo suteikti prieglobstį 2. EU Member States may require that applications pateikimas for international protection are lodged in person and/ LV starptautiskās aizsardzības pieteikuma or at a designated place (Art.6 (3) of the Recast Asy- iesniegšana lum Procedures Directive) MT preżentazzjoni ta' applikazzjoni għal 3. An application for international protection shall be protezzjoni internazzjonali deemed to have been lodged once a form submitted NL indiening van een verzoek om internationale by the applicant or, where provided for in national law, bescherming an official report has reached the competent authorities of the EU Member State concerned (Art. 6 (4) of PL (formalne) złożenie wniosku o ochronę the Recast Asylum Procedures Directive). międzynarodową PT apresentação de pedido de proteção internacional RO SK podanie žiadosti o medzinárodnú ochranu SL vloga prošnje za mednarodno zaščito SV lämna in ansökan om internationellt skydd NO fremme en søknad om internasjonal beskyttelse (b); søkje om internasjonalt vern (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

240 long-stay visa A

BG виза за дългосрочно пребиваване Definition B CS dlouhodobé vízum The authorisation or decision issued by one of the EU DE Visum für den längerfristigen Aufenthalt (EU Member States in accordance with its national law or C acquis); Langzeit-Visum Union law required for entry for an intended stay in EL θεώρηση εισόδου για διαμονή μακράς that EU Member State of more than three months. D διαρκείας ES visado para estancia de larga duración Source E ET pikaajaline viisa Art. 2(m) of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III FI pitkäaikainen viisumi Regulation) F FR visa de long séjour Broader term GA víosa fadchuairte G HU hosszú távú tartózkodásra jogosító vízum ★★ visa IT visto per soggiorno di lunga durata Related terms H LT ilgalaikė viza ★★ airport transit visa LV ilgtermiņa vīza ★★ short-stay visa I MT Resident(a) fit-tul NL visum voor verblijf van langere duur PL wiza długoterminowa J PT visto de longa duração RO viză de lungă şedere K SK dlhodobé vízum SL vizum za dolgoročno bivanje L SV visering för längre vistelse NO oppholdstillatelse (b); opphaldsløyve (n) M N

long-term migrant O

BG дългосрочен мигрант Definition P CS dlouhodobý migrant A person who moves to a country other than that of DE langfristig aufhältiger Migrant / Langzeit- their usual residence for a period of at least a year Q Migrant (12 months), so that the country of destination EL μετανάστης επί μακρόν διαμένων effectively becomes their new country of usual resi- R ES persona migrante de carácter permanente dence. ET pikaajaliselt riigis viibiv sisserändaja S FI pitkään oleskellut maahanmuuttaja Source FR migrant de longue durée OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms GA imirceach fadtéarmach T Broader term HU huzamos tartózkodási engedéllyel rendelkező személy ★★ migrant U IT migrante di lungo periodo Related terms V LT ilgalaikis migrantas ★★ long-term migration LV ilgtermiņa migrants ★★ short-term migrant MT Viża għal żjara / miġja / waqfa fit-tul W NL langverblijvende migrant / langdurig migrant PL migrant długookresowy X PT migrante de longa duração RO migrant pe termen lung Y SK dlhodobý migrant SL migrant za daljše obdobje Z SV långtidsmigrant NO migrant med langvarig opphold (b); migrant med langvarig opphald (n)

241

long-term migration

BG дългосрочна миграция Definition L CS dlouhodobá migrace Movement of individuals who change their country of DE langfristige Migration / Langzeit-Migration usual residence for a period of at least one year, so EL μακροχρόνια μετανάστευση that the country of destination effectively becomes ES migración de larga duración their new country of usual residence. ET pikaajaline sisseränne FI pitkäaikainen maahanmuutto Sources FR migration de longue durée Derived by EMN from the UN Recommendations on GA imirce fhadtéarmach Statistics of International Migration HU huzamos idejű tartózkodási céllal történő and OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms migráció Synonyms IT migrazione di lungo periodo ★★ permanent-type migration LT ilgalaikė migracija ★★ permanent migration LV ilgtermiņa migrācija MT Migrant(a) fit-tul / għal żmien twil Broader term NL langetermijnmigratie ★★ migration PL migracja długookresowa PT migração de longa duração Related terms RO migraţie pe termen lung ★★ long-term migrant SK dlhodobá migrácia ★★ short-term migration SL migracija za daljše obdobje ★★ temporary migration SV långtidsmigration NO langtidsmigrasjon Note Long-term migration' and 'permanent migration' are often understood as quasi-synonyms. The Organi- sation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) defines permanent migration as 'a concept relating to undertaking migration with a view to, or which results in, settling on a permanent basis in the country of destination.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

242 long-term mobility A

BG дългосрочна мобилност Definition B CS dlouhodobá mobilita In the context of Directive 2016/801/EU (Recast Re- DE langfristige Mobilität searcher's Directive), the action of a third-country C EL μακροχρόνια κινητικότητα national, already authorised to stay in one EU Mem- ES movilidad de larga duración ber State for the purposes of research or studies, D ET pikaajaline liikuvus staying in one or several second EU Member States FI pitkäaikainen liikkuvuus for more than 180 days per EU Member State in or- E FR mobilité de longue durée der to carry out part of their research in any research GA soghluaisteacht fhadtéarmach organisation. F HU hosszú távú mobilitás IT mobilità di lunga durata Source G LT Ilgalaikis judumas Derived by EMN from Art. 29 of Directive 2016/801/ LV ilgtermiņa mobilitāte EU (Recast Researcher's Directive) H MT mobilità għal żmien twil Related term NL langetermijnmobiliteit ★★ short-term mobility I PL długoterminowawa mobilność PT mobilidade de longa duração J RO SK dlhodobá mobilita SL dolgoročna mobilnost K SV rörlighet för längre vistelse NO langvarig flytting L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

243 long-term resident

BG дългосрочно пребиваващ Definition L CS dlouhodobě pobývající rezident A third-country national who has long-term resi- DE langfristig Aufenthaltsberechtigter dent status as provided for under Arts. 4 to 7 of Coun- EL επί μακρών διαμένων cil Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents Direc- ES residente de larga duración tive) or as provided for under national legislation. ET pikaajaline elanik FI pitkään oleskellut Source FR résident de longue durée Art. 2(b) of Council Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term GA cónaitheoir fadtéarmach Residents Directive) HU huzamos tartózkodás jogával rendelkező Related term személy IT soggiornante di lungo periodo ★★ right of residence LT ilgalaikis gyventojas Notes LV pastāvīgais iedzīvotājs MT Migrazzjoni fit-tul 1. EU Member States must recognise long-term res- NL langdurig ingezeten onderdaan van een derde ident status after five years of uninterrupted legal land / langdurig ingezetene residence. This is however dependent upon the person having a stable and regular source of income, health PL rezydent długoterminowy insurance and, when required by the EU Member PT residente de longa duração State, having complied with integration measures. The RO rezident pe termen lung applicant must also not constitute a threat to public SK osoba s dlhodobým pobytom security or public policy. SL rezident za daljše obdobje 2. Directive 2011/51/EU of 11 May 2011 amended SV varaktigt bosatt Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents Direc- NO person med permanent oppholdtillatelse (b); tive) to extend its scope of application to beneficiar- person med permanent opphaldsløyve (n) ies of international protection. 3. The UN Recommendations on Statistics on Interna- tional Migration set one year of intended residence as the lower threshold.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

244 loss of citizenship A

BG загуба на гражданство Definition B CS pozbytí státního občanství Any mode of loss of the status as citizen of a country, DE Verlust der Staatsangehörigkeit / Verlust der voluntarily or involuntarily, automatically or by an act C Staatsbürgerschaft by the public authorities. EL απώλεια ιθαγένειας D ES pérdida de nacionalidad Source ET kodakondsuse kaotamine EUDO Online Glossary on Citizenship and Nationality E FI kansalaisuuden menettäminen Synonym FR perte de la nationalité F GA cailleadh saoránachta ★★ loss of nationality HU állampolgárság elvesztése Broader term G IT perdita di cittadinanza ★★ citizenship LT pilietybės netekimas H LV pilsonības zaudēšana Note MT Telf ta’ ċittadinanza The main types of loss are renunciation, withdrawal I NL verlies van het staatsburgerschap and lapse of citizenship. PL utrata obywatelstwa PT perda de nacionalidade J RO pierderea cetăţeniei SK strata štátneho občianstva K SL izguba državljanstva SV förlust av medborgarskap L NO tap av statsborgerskap (b); tap av statsborgarskap (n) M N

O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

245 making an application for international protection

BG изразено желание за подаване на молба за Definition M международна закрила The expression of intent to apply for international CS podat žádost o mezinárodní ochranu protection. DE einen Antrag auf internationalen Schutz stellen Sources EL υποβολή αίτησης παροχής διεθνούς προστασίας Derived by EMN from Art. 6 (1) and 6 (5) of Directive ES expresar el deseo de solicitud de protección 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) internacional and ET soovi avaldamine rahvusvahelise kaitse EASO: Background document for Member States on saamiseks application of Art. 6 of the recast Asylum Procedures FI ilmoitus kansainvälistä suojelua koskevan Directive, 2015 hakemuksen tekemisestä FR présenter une demande de protection Related terms internationale ★★ access to the procedure for international pro- GA iarratas ar chosaint idirnáisiúnta a dhéanamh tection HU nemzetközi védelem iránti szándéknyilatkozat ★★ lodging an application for international pro- IT presentazione di una domanda di protezione tection internazionale Notes LT prašymo dėl tarptautinės apsaugos išreiškimas (EU acquis); prašymo dėl 1. Expressing the wish to apply for international pro- prieglobsčio suteikimo išreiškimas tection, even in an indirect/non explicit manner, consti- LV izteikt vēlmi iesniegt starptautiskās tutes making an application. aizsardzības pieteikumu 2. As of 20 July 2015, EU Member States must regis- MT tfassil ta' applikazzjoni għal protezzjoni ter all applications made as well as those lodged. This internazzjonali is to ensure effective monitoring of access to proce- NL een verzoek om internationale bescherming dure. EASO will gather data on applications made as doen of 15 September 2015 as part of its Early Warning and Preparedness System (EPS). To that end, EU Mem- PL złożenie wniosku o ochronę międzynarodową ber States should register the fact that those persons (wyrażenie woli ubiegania się o ochronę are applicants for international protection as soon as międzynarodową) possible. PT apresentação de pedido de proteção and internacional 3. Third-country nationals stateless persons who have expressed their wish to apply for interna- RO tional protection are applicants for international pro- SK požiadanie o medzinárodnú ochranu tection, who should therefore comply with the obliga- SL vložiti prošnjo za mednarodno zaščito tions, and benefit from the rights, outlined in Directive SV ansöka om internationellt skydd 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) NO søke om internasjonal beskyttelse (b); søkje and Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Condi- om internasjonalt vern (n) tions Directive).

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

246 managed migration A

BG управление на миграционните процеси Definition B CS řízená migrace An approach used by the EU and EU Member States DE gesteuerte Migration to structure the management of all aspects of mi- C EL επιλεκτική μετανάστευση gration into and within the EU of both third-country ES gestión integral de la migración nationals and EU nationals, particularly the entry, ad- D ET juhitud ränne mission, residence, integration and return, as well FI hallittu maahanmuutto as of refugees and others in need of protection. E FR gestion des migrations GA imirce bhainistithe Source F HU migráció kezelés / migráció menedzsment / Developed by EMN megfelelően kezelt migráció Synonym G IT migrazione gestita ★★ migration management LT valdoma migracija H LV pārvaldīta migrācija Related terms MT Ġestjoni ta’ flussi migratorji ★★ economic migrant I NL gereguleerde migratie ★★ economic migration PL migracja zarządzana ★★ forced migration J PT gestão de migrações ★★ quota RO migraţie controlată SK riadená migrácia K SL upravljanje migracij SV reglerad migration L NO styrt migrasjon M N mandate refugee O BG бежанец по мандата на Върховния комисар Definition на ООН за бежанците (ВКБООН) A person who meets the criteria of the UNHCR Stat- P CS mandátní uprchlík ute and qualifies for the protection of the UN provided DE Mandatsflüchtling by the High Commissioner for Refugees, regardless of Q EL πρόσφυγας εντολής whether or not they are in a country that is a party ES refugiado (bajo mandato) to the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol, R ET mandaadipagulane or whether or not they have been recognised by the FI mandaattipakolainen host country as a refugee under either of these in- S FR réfugié relevant du mandat du HCR struments. GA dídeanaí de réir sainordú T HU mandátumos menekült Source IT rifugiato ex Mandato IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 U LT pabėgėlis pagal mandatą Broader term LV UNHCR mandāta bēglis ★★ V MT Rifuġjat(a) b’digriet / b’mandat refugee NL mandaatvluchteling Related term W PL uchodźca mandatowy ★★ Convention refugee PT refugiado (mandato) X RO refugiat sub mandat UNHCR SK mandátny utečenec Y SL mandatni begunec SV mandatflykting Z NO overføringsflyktning

247 manifestly unfounded application for international protection

BG явно неоснователна молба за Definitions M международна закрила In the global context, an application which is CS zjevně nedůvodná žádost o mezinárodní ochranu a) not related to the criteria for granting refugee sta- DE offensichtlich unbegründeter Antrag auf tus laid down in Art. 1(A2) of the Geneva Refugee internationalen Schutz Convention and Protocol nor to other criteria justi- EL προδήλως αβάσιμη αίτηση διεθνούς fying the granting of asylum προστασίας or ES solicitud de protección internacional manifiestamente infundada b) which is clearly fraudulent as it is based on a delib- ET selgelt põhjendamatu rahvusvahelise kaitse erate attempt to deceive the authorities determining taotlus refugee status FI ilmeisen perusteeton kansainvälistä suojelua koskeva hakemus In the EU context, an unfounded application for FR demande de protection internationale international protection that is considered under manifestement infondée national legislation of EU Member States to be mani- GA festly unfounded in one of the following circumstanc- HU nemzetközi védelem iránti nyilvánvalóan es: megalapozatlan kérelem IT domanda di protezione internazionale - the applicant has only raised issues that are not rel- manifestamente infondata evant for the qualification as abeneficiary of inter- LT akivaizdžiai nepagrįstas tarptautinės national protection; apsaugos prašymas (EU acquis); akivaizdžiai nepagrįstas prašymas suteikti prieglobstį - the applicant is from a safe country of origin; LV acīmredzami nepamatots starptautiskās aizsardzības pieteikums - the applicant is, for serious reasons, considered a MT applikazzjoni manifestament bla bażi għal danger to the national security or public order protezzjoni internazzjonali or NL kennelijk ongegrond verzoek om internationale bescherming - the application is based on deliberate deception or PL an abuse of the procedure for international protection PT requerimento manifestamente infundado de as further described in the circumstances c-i listed proteção internacional in Art. 31(8) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum RO Procedures Directive) SK zjavne neopodstatnená žiadosť o medzinárodnú ochranu / zjavne Sources neopodstatnená žiadosť o udelenie Global context: Derived by EMN from UNHCR: The medzinárodnej ochrany Problem of Manifestly Unfounded or Abusive Applica- SL očitno neutemeljena tions for Refugee Status or Asylum, 20 October 1983, prošnja za mednarodno zaščito UNHCR Executive Committee Conclusion No. 30 (XXX- SV uppenbart ogrundad ansökan om IV) of 1983 internationellt skydd and NO Klart grunnløs søknad om internasjonal UNHCR: Position on Manifestly Unfounded Applications beskyttelse (b); Klart grunnlaus søknad om for Asylum, 1 December 1992 internasjonalt vern (n) EU-context: Derived by EMN from Art. 31(8) and 32 of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive), Broader term ★★ unfounded application for international protection Related term ★★ accelerated international protection proce- ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION dure

248 manifestly unfounded application for international protection (continued) A

Notes Notes B in the 1. The United Nations High Commissioner for 3. Applications for international protection above circumstances that are defined under national Refugees (UNHCR) refers in its Executive Committee C Conclusion No. 30 that procedures for applications legislation as ‘manifestly unfounded’ may be consid- considered to be manifestly unfounded should include ered under accelerated procedures and/or conducted D necessary procedural safeguards including prelimi- at the border or in transit zones, in accordance with nary counselling in an appropriate language; full per- the basic principles and guarantees set out in Chapter E sonal interview by an qualified official; responsibility II of the Recast Asylum Procedures Directive. Accord- of the competent asylum authority for establishing ing to Recital 21 of the same Directive false docu- F the manifestly unfounded character of the application; ments, lack of documentation or inconsistent state- ability to seek review of negative decisions. ments would not necessarily mean that an application G is manifestly unfounded or would not meet the criteria 2. The further circumstances according to Art. 31(8) c- i of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures for granting international protection. H Directive) are: c) the applicant has misled the authorities by present- I ing false information/documents or by withholding relevant infor-mation/documents with respect to their J identity and/or nationality that could have had a negative impact on the deci-sion; K d) it is likely that the applicant has, in bad faith, de- stroyed or disposed of an identity or travel docu- L ment that would have helped establish their identity or nationality; e) the applicant has made clearly inconsistent and M contradictory, clearly false or obviously improbable representations which contradict sufficiently verified N country of origin information, thus making their claim clearly unconvincing in relation to whether they O qualify as a beneficiary of international protection; f) the applicant has introduced a subsequent ap- P plication for international protection that is not inadmissible Q g) the applicant is making an application merely in order to delay or frustrate the enforcement of an ear- R lier or imminent decision which would result in their removal; S h) the applicant entered the territory of the EU Mem- ber State unlawfully or prolonged their stay unlawful- T ly and, without good reason, has either not presented themselves to the authorities or not made an applica- U tion for international protection as soon as possible, given the circumstances of their entry; i) the applicant refuses to comply with an obligation to V have their fingerprints taken in accordance with Regu- lation (EU) No 603/2013 (Eurodac-Regulation) for the W comparison of fingerprints for the effective application of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) X Y Z

249 marriage of convenience BG фиктивен брак Definition MCS účelové manželství A marriage contracted for the sole purpose of ena- DE Scheinehe bling the person concerned to enter or reside in an EU EL γάμος συμφέροντος Member State. ES matrimonio de complacencia ET fiktiivabielu / näiline abielu Source FI lumeavioliitto Art. 16 (2b) of Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Family FR mariage de complaisance Reunification Directive) GA pósadh áisiúlachta Related terms HU érdekházasság IT matrimonio fittizio ★★ adoption of convenience LT fiktyvi santuoka ★★ civil partnership of convenience ★★ LV fiktīva laulība false declaration of parenthood ★★ MT Żwieġ ta’ konvenjenza / għall-konvenjenza partnership of convenience NL schijnhuwelijk Note PL małżeństwo zawarte w celu obejścia For further information, see EMN: Marriages of con- przepisów umożliwiających legalizację pobytu venience and false declarations of parenthood, 2012. . / małżeństwo fikcyjne PT casamento de conveniência RO căsătorie de convenienţă SK účelové manželstvo SL poroka iz koristoljubja SV skenäktenskap NO proformaekteskap

mass influx

BG масово навлизане Definition CS hromadný příliv Arrival in the Community of a large number of dis- DE Massenzustrom placed persons, who come from a specific coun- EL μαζική εισορρή try or geographical area, whether their arrival in the ES afluencia masiva Community was spontaneous or aided, for example ET massiline sisseränne through an evacuation programme. FI joukoittainen maahantulo FR afflux massif Source GA mórphlódú isteach Art. 2(d) of Council Directive 2001/55/EC (Temporary HU tömeges beáramlás Protection Directive) IT afflusso massiccio Related term LT masinis srautas (EU acquis); antplūdis ★★ LV masveida pieplūdums temporary protection MT Influss tal-massa / ta’ massa NL massale toestroom / massale instroom PL masowy napływ PT afluxo maciço RO aflux masiv SK hromadný prílev SL množični prihod SV massiv tillströmning NO massetilstrømning (b); massetilstrøyming (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

250 material reception conditions A

BG материални условия за приемане Definition B CS materiální podmínky přijetí The reception conditions that include housing, food DE materielle Aufnahmebedingungen and clothing provided in kind, or as financial allowanc- C EL υλικοί όροι υποδοχής es or in vouchers, or a combination of the three, and a ES condiciones materiales de acogida daily expenses allowance. D ET materiaalsed varjupaigataotlejate vastuvõtutingimused Source E FI aineelliset vastaanotto-olosuhteet Art. 2(g) of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception FR conditions matérielles d’accueil Conditions Directive) F GA dálaí ábhartha glactha Broader term HU a befogadás anyagi feltételei G IT condizioni materiali di accoglienza ★★ reception conditions LT materialinės priėmimo sąlygos Note H LV materiālie uzņemšanas nosacījumi For further information, see EMN: The Organisation MT Kondizzjonijiet materjali tal-akkoljenza of Reception Facilities for Asylum Seekers in different I NL materiële opvangvoorzieningen Member States, 2013. PL materialne warunki przyjmowania PT condições materiais de acolhimento J RO condiţii materiale de recepţie SK materiálne prijímacie podmienky (EU acquis); K materiálne podmienky prijímania SL materialni pogoji sprejema L SV materiella mottagningsvillkor NO materielle mottaksforhold (b); materielle M mottakstilhøve (n) N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

251 migrant

BG мигрант Sources MCS migrant Global context: derived by EMN from the UN Recom- DE Migrant mendations on Statistics of International Migration EL μετανάστης and UNESCO ES persona migrante EU context: Derived by EMN from Eurostat’s Concepts ET sisserändaja and Definitions Database and the UN Recommenda- FI maahanmuuttaja / maastamuuttaja tions on Statistics of International Migration FR migrant GA imirceach Narrower terms HU migráns ★★ economic migrant IT migrante ★★ emigrant LT migrantas ★★ forced migrant LV migrants ★★ immigrant MT Migrant(a) ★★ long-term migrant NL migrant ★★ short-term migrant PL migrant ★★ stranded migrant PT migrante Related term RO migrant ★★ migration SK migrant SL migrant Notes SV migrant 1. At international level, no universally accepted defi- NO migrant nition for 'migrant' exists, but the UN recommendations for statistics on international migration and on Definitions population censuses specifies at least one year as the In the global context, a person who is outside the criterion for change of country of usual residence to territory of the State of which they are nationals or define this change as ‘migration’. citizens and who has resided in a foreign country 2. Under the UN definition, those travelling for shorter for more than one year irrespective of the causes, periods as tourists and business persons would not voluntary or involuntary, and the means, regular or be considered migrants. However, common usage in- irregular, used to migrate. cludes certain kinds of shorter-term migrants such as seasonal workers. In the EU/EFTA context, a person who either: 3. The term 'migrant' is usually understood to cover all cases where the decision to migrate is taken freely (i) establishes their usual residence in the territory by the individual concerned for reasons of 'personal of an EU/EFTA Member State for a period that is, convenience' and without intervention of an external or is expected to be, of at least 12 months, having compelling factor; it therefore applies to persons, and previously been usually resident in another EU/EFTA family members, moving to another country or region Member State or a ; or third country to better their material or social conditions and improve the prospect for themselves or their family. (ii) having previously been usually resident in the ter- 4. This definition does not include intra-EU mobility of ritory of the EU/EFTA Member State, ceases to have citizens or residents, even though national concepts of their usual residence in the EU/EFTA Member State international migration may include mobility, as will for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least national statistics on international migration. 12 months.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

252 migrant stock A

BG брой на мигрантите Definition B CS počet imigrantů (stav k) The number of migrants in a given area on a certain DE Anzahl der Einwanderer date (e.g. 1 January or 31 December) of the year in C EL μεταναστευτικό απόθεμα / απόθεμα πληθυσμού question. μεταναστών D ES población inmigrante Source ET sisserändajate arv Derived by EMN from Eurostat: Working Papers and E FI maahanmuuttajaväestön määrä Studies (3/2003/E/no25) FR stock de migrants F GA lion na n-imirceach Synonyms ★★ immigrant population HU bevándorlók száma G IT stock di migranti ★★ stock of migrants LT migrantų skaičius Broader terms H LV migrantu skaits (1. janvārī) ★★ population stock MT Rendikont tal-migranti ★★ stock of foreigners I NL migrant stock (no usual translation) Related term PL populacja migrantów w danym momencie J PT stock migratório ★★ foreign population of a country RO stoc de migranţi SK stav migrantov K SL število migrantov SV antal migranter L NO antall registrert bosatte innvandrere (b); tal på registrert busette innvandrarar (n) M N

O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

253 migrant worker

BG работник мигрант Definition MCS pracovní migrant A person who is to be engaged, is engaged or has DE Arbeitsmigrant / Wanderarbeiter / been engaged in a remunerated activity in a state of Wanderarbeitnehmer which they are not nationals. EL εργαζόμενος μετανάστης ES trabajador migrante Source ET võõrtöötaja Art. 2(1) of the UN Convention on the Protection of All FI siirtotyöläinen / vierastyöläinen Migrant Workers and Members of their Families FR travailleur migrant GA oibrí imirceach Synonyms HU migráns munkavállaló ★★ foreign worker IT lavoratore migrante ★★ labour migrant LT migrantas darbuotojas Broader term LV darba ņēmējs migrants ★★ economic migrant MT Migrant(a) ħaddiem(a) NL arbeidsmigrant / buitenlandse werknemer Narrower terms PL pracownik migrujący ★★ contract migrant worker PT trabalhador migrante ★★ highly qualified migrant RO lucrător / muncitor migrant Related terms SK migrujúci pracovník / pracovný migrant ★★ guest worker SL delavec migrant ★★ labour migration SV migrantarbetare NO arbeidsmigrant Notes 1. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) defines a migrant worker as 'a foreigner admitted by the receiving state for the specific purpose of exercising an economic activity remunerated from within the receiving country. Their length of stay is usually restricted as is the type of employment they can hold'. 2. For the purpose of the EMN the UN definition is prefered as it is more common in literature and more comprehensive since it specifically includes those migrant workers who may currently be out of work, but had been working earlier. The Convention also includes self-employed workers.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

254 migration A

BG миграция Sources B CS migrace Global context: derived by EMN from UN Recommen- DE Migration dations on Statistics of International Migration and C EL μετανάστευση IOM GLossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 ES migración EU context: Derived by EMN from the UN Recommen- D ET ränne dations on Statistics of International Migration and FI muuttoliike / siirtolaisuus OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms E FR migration GA imirce Narrower terms F HU migráció ★★ economic migration IT migrazione ★★ emigration G LT migracija ★★ forced migration LV migrācija ★★ immigration H MT Migrazzjoni ★★ irregular migration ★★ NL migratie legal migration I PL migracja ★★ long-term migration PT migração Related terms J RO migraţie ★★ displacement SK migrácia ★★ migrant SL migracija K SV migration Notes L NO migrasjon 1. At the international level, no universally accepted definition for migration exists. Definitions 2. The International Organization for Migration M In the global context, movement of a person either (IOM) defines migration as follows: 'movement of a across an international border (international migra- person or a group of persons, either across an inter- N tion), or within a state (internal migration) for more national border (international migration), or within a than one year irrespective of the causes, voluntary state (internal migration), encompassing any kind of O or involuntary, and the means, regular or irregular, movement of people, whatever its length, composition used to migrate. and causes'. This broad definition covers all forms of P migration (voluntrary/forced migration, internal/inter- In the EU context, the action by which a person ei- national migration, long-term/short-term migration), Q ther: different motives for migration (migration because of political persecution, conflicts, economic problems, R (i) establishes their in the territory usual residence environmental degradation or a combination of these of an EU Member State for a period that is, or is reasons or migration in search of better economic expected to be, of at least 12 months, having pre- S conditions or conditions of survival or well-being, or viously been usually resident in another EU Member other motives such as familiy reunfication) and irre- State or a ; or T third country spective of the means used to migrate (legal/irregular migration). Thus it includes migration of refugees, dis- (ii) having previously been usually resident in the ter- U placed persons, economic migrants and persons mov- ritory of an EU Member State, ceases to have their ing for other purposes, including family reunification. usual residence in that EU Member State for a period V 3. Under the UN, the definition 'movements for shorter that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months. periods' would not be considered migration. W X Y Z

255 migration flow

BG миграционен поток Definition MCS migrační tok The number of migrants crossing a boundary, within DE Wanderungsbewegung / Migrationsbewegung a specific time period, for the purpose of establishing EL μεταναστευτική ροή residence. ES flujo migratorio ET rändevoog Source FI muuttovirta Developed by EMN FR flux migratoire GA sreabhadh imirce Synonym HU migrációs áramlat ★★ migratory flow IT flusso migratorio Related terms LT migracijos srautas ★★ crude rate of net migration LV migrācijas plūsma ★★ mixed migration flow MT Nixxiegħa migratorja ★★ net migration NL migratiestroom ★★ population stock PL strumień migracyjny ★★ total migration PT fluxo migratório RO flux de migraţie Notes SK migračný tok 1. The boundary can range from within national bor- SL migracijski tok ders, within the EU and international boundaries, and SV migrationsströmmar can range from international migration flows (crossing NO migrasjonsstrøm (b); migrasjonsstraum (n) national borders) and internal migration flows (within the same national border). 2. UN statistics in particular also refer to ‘inflows’ (flow of migrants entering into a particular boundary) and ‘outflows’ (flow of migrants leaving a particular boundary).

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

256 migration management support team A

BG екип за подкрепа при управлението на Definition B миграцията Team of experts which provides technical and opera- CS podpůrný tým pro řízení migrace tional reinforcement to EU Member States at hotspot C DE Team zur Unterstützung der areas and which is composed of experts deployed Migrationsverwaltung from EU Member States by the European Border D EL ομάδα στήριξης για τη διαχείριση των and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) and by the Eu- μεταναστευτικών ροών ropean Asylum Support Office (EASO), Europol or E ES equipo de apoyo a la gestión de la migración other relevant EU agencies. ET rände haldamise tugirühm F FI maahanmuuton hallinnan tukitiimi Source FR équipe d’appui à la gestion des flux Art. 2(9) of Regulation (EU) No 2016/1624 (European G migratoires Border and Coast Guard Regulation) GA Foireann Tacaíochta do Bhainistiú na hImirce Broader term H HU Migrációkezelést Támogató Csapat ★★ Hotspot approach IT Squadra di sostegno per la gestione della I migrazione Narrower term LT migracijos valdymo rėmimo grupė ★★ hotspot area LV migrācijas pārvaldības atbalsta vienība J MT Tim ta' Appoġġ għall-Immaniġjar tal- Note Imigrazzjoni National experts (deployed by the agencies) can also K NL ondersteuningsteam voor migratiebeheer be part of the team. The composition and expertise PL Zespół ds. Wsparcia Zadządzania Migracjami of the Support Teams are tailor-made to the specific L PT equipa de apoio à gestão dos fluxos situation and needs at the hotspot. migratórios M RO SK podporný tím pre riadenie migrácie N SL Podporna skupina za upravljanje migracij SV stödgrupp för migrationshantering O NO støttegruppe for arbeid med innvandringsregulering P

Q R S T U V W X Y Z

257 migration profile

BG миграционен профил Definition MCS migrační profil A tool to bring together and analyse all the relevant DE Migrationsprofil information needed to develop policy in the field of EL μεταναστευτικό προφίλ / προφίλ μετανάστευσης migration and development and to monitor the im- ES perfil migratorio pact of policies implemented. ET rändeprofiil FI muuttoprofiili Source FR profil migratoire Annex I, 2 (glossary) to the European Commission GA próifíl imirce Communication applying the Global Approach to Mi- HU migrációs profil gration, COM(2007) 247 final IT profilo migratorio Broader term LT migracijos profilis ★★ LV migrācijas profils Global Approach to Migration and Mobility MT Profil migratorju (GAMM) NL migratieprofiel Related terms PL profil migracyjny ★★ Cooperation Platform on Migration and Devel- PT perfil migratório opment RO profil de migraţie ★★ Global Forum on Migration and Development SK migračný profil (GFMD) SL migracijski profil ★★ mobility partnership SV migrationsprofil NO migrasjonsprofil Notes 1. Migration profiles are reports on the migration situation of a country for the purpose of increasing the evidence-base for their own policy development. Such reports contain data and analysis on current migration patterns, labour market trends, remittance flows, information on diasporas and other development-related data. 2. Migration profiles have been produced by IOM and by CARIM (Consortium for Applied Research on Inter- national Migration) amongst other organisations. For more information see the description of migration profiles on the IOM website. 3. The Global Forum on Migration and Development also hosts a repository of migration profiles.. 4. Migration profiles entail an analysis of the policy and practice of a state and not that of a person. In this vein, the concept should not be confused with the pro- filing of a ‘person’.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

258 migration route A

BG миграционен път Definition B CS migrační trasa The geographic route along which migrants and DE Migrationsroute refugees move via hubs in transit areas from their C EL οδός μετανάστευσης country of origin to their country of destination, ES ruta migratoria often travelling inmixed migration flows. D ET rändetee FI maahanmuuttoreitti Source E FR route migratoire Derived by EMN from ICMPD GA bealach imirce F HU migrációs útvonal IT rotta migratoria G LT migracijos maršrutas LV migrācijas ceļš H MT rotta migratorja NL migratieroute I PL szlak migracyjny PT rota migratória J RO SK migračná trasa SL migracijska pot K SV migrationsrutt NO reiserute ved migrasjon L

M migration routes initiative N BG Инициатива за миграционни маршрути Definition O CS iniciativa migračních tras An initiative by which work along the main migratory DE Migrationsrouten-Initiative routes through a particular region and towards the EU P EL πρωτοβουλία μεταναστευτικών οδών is identified and which takes into account the need to ES iniciativa de rutas migratorias work in close collaboration with the third countries Q ET rändeteede meede along these routes. FI muuttoreittejä koskeva aloite FR initiative relative aux routes migratoires Source R GA Tionscnamh um Bhealaí Imirce Annex I, 2 (glossary) to the European Commission HU migrációs útvonalak kezdeményezés Communication applying the Global Approach to Mi- S IT Iniziativa Rotte migratorie gration, COM(2007) 247 final LT Migracijos maršrutų iniciatyva T Broader term LV migrācijas ceļu iniciatīva ★★ MT Inizzjattiva fir-rigward tar-rotot migratorji Global Approach to Migration and Mobility U (GAMM) NL migratieroutes initiatief PL Inicjatywa ds. Szlaków Migracyjnych Related terms V PT iniciativa sobre rotas migratórias ★★ Cooperation Platform on Migration and Devel- RO iniţiativa cu privire la rutele de migraţie opment W SK iniciatíva migračných trás ★★ migration profile SL pobuda glede migracijskih poti ★★ mobility partnership X SV migration routes initiative (no usual translation) Y NO initiativ i tilknytning til migrasjonsruter (b); initiativ i tilknyting til migrasjonsruter (n) Z

259 Migration, Asylum, Refugees Regional Initiative (MARRI)

BG Регионална инициатива по миграция, Definition M убежище и бежанци An initiative forming part of the South-East European CS Regionální iniciativa pro migraci, azyl a Cooperation Process, which aims to enhance regional uprchlíky cooperation in the field ofmigration by promoting a DE Regionale Migrations-, Asyl- und comprehensive, integrated, and coherent approach to Flüchtlingsinitiative the issues of migration, asylum, border management, EL Περιφερειακή Πρωτοβουλία για τη visa policies and consular cooperation, refugee return Μετανάστευση, το Άσυλο και τους Πρόσφυγες and settlement in order to meet international and Eu- ES iniciativa regional para la migración, el asilo y ropean standards. los refugiados ET rände, varjupaiga ja pagulaste regionaalne Source algatus Website of Migration, Asylum, Refugees Regional Ini- FI maahanmuuttoa, turvapaikkaa ja pakolaisia tiative (MARRI) koskeva alueellinen aloite FR initiative régionale en matière de migration, Synonym d’asile et de réfugiés ★★ MARRI GA Tionscnamh Réigiúnach um Imirce, Tearmann Related term & Dídeanaithe ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility HU Migráció és Menekültügyi Regionális (GAMM) Kezdeményezés IT Iniziativa Regionale Migrazione, Asilo, Rifugiati Notes LT Migracijos, prieglobsčio ir pabėgėlių regioninė 1. MARRI was formed in 2003 within the context of the iniciatyva Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe by merging the LV Migrācijas, patvēruma un bēgļu reģionālā Regional Return Initiative (RRI) and the Migration and iniciatīva Asylum Initiative (MAI). Since 2004, MARRI has func- MT Inizzjattiva Reġjonali dwar il-Migrazzjoni, tioned through two mechanisms: l-Ażil, u r-Rifuġjati - the MARRI Regional Forum, which provides political NL Regionaal Migratie-, Asiel- en and framework support to the Initiative, and Vluchtelingeninitiatief - the MARRI Regional Centre in Skopje, which carries PL Regionalna Inicjatywa w sprawach Migracji, out practical cooperation and activities of MARRI and Azylu i Uchodźstwa supports the implementation of the decisions reached PT Iniciativa Regional sobre Migração, Asilo e by the Regional Forum. Refugiados 2. MARRI’s top priority is the enhancement of regional RO Iniţiativa regională cu privire la migraţaie, azil cooperation in its fields of activities among countries şi refugiaţi in the region, as a vital part of the EU integration pro- SK Regionálna iniciatíva pre migráciu, azyl a cess and in line with the Thessaloniki Agenda for the utečencov Western Balkans. SL Regionalna pobuda za migracije, azil in 3. For more information, see the website of MARRI. begunce SV regionala initiativet för migration, asyl och flyktingar NO regionalt initiativ for asyl og flyktninger for Vest-Balkan (b); regionalt initiativ for asyl og flyktningar for Vest-Balkan (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

260 minimum standards A

BG минимални стандарти Definition B CS minimální normy In an asylum context, a number of principles in rela- DE Minimumstandards tion to procedures for international protection, to C EL ελάχιστες προδιαγραφές reception conditions, and to the refugee definition ES normas mínimas established by the Treaty of Amsterdam from which D ET miinimumnõuded EU Member States cannot derogate. FI vähimmäisvaatimukset E FR normes minimales Source GA íoschaighdeáin Derived by EMN from Art. 63 of the Treaty of Am- F HU minimumszabályok sterdam IT norme minime Related term G LT būtiniausi reikalavimai ★★ Common European Asylum System (CEAS) LV minimālie standarti H MT Livelli standard minimi Note NL minimumnormen In the Tampere Agreement, and then reaffirmed by the I PL minimalne standardy Hague Programme, EU Member States agreed to go PT normas mínimas beyond minimum standards and develop a J RO standarde minime Common European Asylum System (CEAS) based on a com- SK minimálne pravidlá / minimálne štandardy mon asylum procedure and a uniform status for those SL minimalni standardi K who are granted international protection. SV miniminormer NO minimumsstandard L

M minor N BG непълнолетно лице Definition O CS nezletilý In a legal context and in contrast to a child, a person DE Minderjähriger who, according to the law of their respective country, P EL ανήλικος is under the age of majority, i.e. is not yet entitled to ES menor exercise specific civil and political rights. Q ET alaealine FI alaikäinen Source FR mineur UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminol- R GA mionaoiseach ogy HU kiskorú S Related terms IT minore/minorenne LT nepilnametis ★★ adult T ★★ LV nepilngadīgais age assessment ★★ MT Minorenni child U NL minderjarige Notes PL małoletni V This is the preferred term to use when referring PT menor 1. to an individual. The term ‘child’ should then be used RO minor W to describe the relationship with other family mem- SK maloletý bers. SL mladoletnik X 2. The age specified by law, called the ‘legal age SV underårig of majority’, indicates that a person acquires full le- NO mindreårig Y gal capacity to be bound by various documents, such as contracts and deeds, that they make with others and to commit other legal acts such as voting in elec- Z tions and entering marriage. The age at which a person becomes an adult varies from State to State and often varies within a State, depending upon the nature of the action taken by the person. 261

minority

BG малцинство Definition MCS menšina A non-dominant group which is usually numerically DE Minderheit less than the majority population of a State or region EL μειονότητα regarding their ethnic, religious or linguistic character- ES minoría istics and who (if only implicitly) maintain solidarity ET vähemus with their own culture, traditions, religion or language. FI vähemmistö FR minorité Source GA mionlach Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd HU kissebbség ed. 2011 IT minoranza Narrower terms LT mažuma ★★ LV minoritāte ethnic minority ★★ MT Minoranza / F’minoranza national minority NL minderheid Related term PL mniejszość ★★ ethnic nationality PT minoria RO minoritate Notes SK menšina 1. There is still no universally accepted definition of SL manjšina minority in international law, although a variety of SV minoritet international documents have attempted to define NO minoritet the concept of a minority. See, for example, Art. 27 of the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). 2. This definition has been added because of its relevance to international protection and integration-related aspects.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

262 mixed migration flow A

BG смесен миграционен поток Definition B CS smíšený migrační tok Complex migratory population movement including DE gemischte Wanderungsbewegung / gemischte refugees, asylum-seekers, economic migrants C Migrationsbewegung and other types of migrants as opposed to migrato- EL μεικτές μεταναστευτικές ροές ry population movements that consist entirely of one D ES flujo migratorio mixto category of migrants. ET segarändevoog (no usual translation) E FI erilaisista ryhmistä koostuva muuttovirta Source FR flux migratoire mixte IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed. 2011 F GA sreabhadh imirce measctha Related term HU vegyes migrációs áramlás G IT flusso migratorio misto ★★ migration flow LT mišrūs migracijos srautai H LV jauktas migrācijas plūsma MT Fluss migratorju mħallat / Nixxiegħa I migratorja mħallta NL gemengde migratiestroom PL mieszane przepływy migracyjne J PT fluxo migratório misto RO flux de migraţie mixtă K SK zmiešané migračné toky SL mešani migracijski tok L SV blandade migrationsströmmar NO blandet migrasjonsstrøm (b); blanda M migrasjonsstraum (n) N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

263 mobility partnership

BG Партньорство за мобилност Definition MCS partnerství pro mobilitu A cooperation arrangement, on the basis of political DE Mobilitätspartnerschaft declarations, that provides the bilateral framework for EL σύμπραξη κινητικότητας dialogue and practical cooperation to address relevant ES asociación de movilidad migration and mobility issues of mutual concern pri- ET rändepartnerlus marily with EU neighbourhood countries, including FI liikkuvuuskumppanuus short and long-term mobility, on a voluntary basis. FR partenariat pour la mobilité GA comhpháirtíocht soghluaisteachta Source HU mobilitási partnerség Council Conclusions (No 42) on the Global Approach of IT partenariato per la mobilità Migration and Mobility of 29 May 2012 LT judumo partnerystė Synonym LV mobilitātes partnerība ★★ MP MT Multikulturaliżmu NL mobiliteitspartnerschap Related terms PL Partnerstwo na rzecz Mobilności ★★ circular migration PT parcerias para a mobilidade ★★ Cooperation Platform on Migration and Devel- RO parteneriat de mobilitate opment SK partnerstvo v oblasti mobility / mobilitné ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility partnerstvo (GAMM) SL partnerstvo za mobilnost ★★ migration profile SV partnerskap för rörlighet ★★ readmission agreement NO mobilitetspartnerskap (b); mobilitetspartnarskap (n) Notes 1. Mobility partnerships (MPs) are an important tool of the EU’s Global Approach to Migration and Mo- bility, providing the overall framework for managing various forms of legal movement between the EU and third countries. Such partnerships are agreed with those third countries that have in place effective mechanisms for readmission of irregular migrants. 2. For further information on the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility and on mobility partnerships, see the website of DG HOME.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

264 multiculturalism A

BG мултикултурализъм Definition B CS multikulturalismus A policy that endorses the principle of cultural di- DE Multikulturalismus versity and supports the right of different cultural C EL πολυπολιτισμικότητα and ethnic groups to retain distinctive cultural iden- ES multiculturalismo tities ensuring their equitable access to society, en- D ET multikultuursus compassing constitutional principles and commonly FI monikulttuurisuus shared values prevailing in the society. E FR multiculturalisme GA ilchultúrthacht Source F HU multikulturalizmus Derived by EMN from the FRA (EUMC) Open Glossary IT multiculturalismo (no longer available online) G LT multikultūriškumas Synonym LV multikulturālisms ★★ interculturalism H MT Sħubija għall-Mobbilità NL multiculturalisme Related term I PL wielokulturowość ★★ cultural diversity PT multiculturalismo J RO multiculturalism Notes SK multikulturalizmus 1. The term was first used in 1957 to describe CH, K SL multikulturalizem but came into common currency in Canada in the late SV multikulturalism 1960s. It quickly spread to other English-speaking L NO multikulturalisme countries. 2. There is no universally accepted definition of multiculturalism, multiculturalism can refer to different M concepts: demographic facts, philosophical or political ideas and values. N 3. Multiculturalism emphasises cultural differences and different cultures existing next to each other with- O out necessarily much contact or participative interaction. P 4. The model of multiculturalism has often been crit- icised on different grounds. Critics of multiculturalism Q question the ideal of the maintenance of distinct ethnic cultures within a state; others argue that policies R of multiculturalism have failed to create inclusion of different cultures within society, but instead have S divided society by legitimising segregated separate communities that have isolated themselves and ac- T centuated their specificity. U

V W X Y Z

265 mutual information mechanism

BG Механизъм за взаимно информиране Definition MCS mechanismus vzájemné výměny informací A mechanism for the mutual exchange of information DE Mechanismus zur gegenseitigen Information concerning national measures in the areas of asylum EL μηχανισμός αμοιβαίας πληροφόρησης and immigration that are likely to have a significant ES Mecanismo de Información Mutua impact on several EU Member States or on the Euro- ET vastastikune teabesüsteem pean Union as a whole. FI keskinäinen tiedottamisjärjestelmä FR mécanisme d’information mutuelle Source GA Sásra um Fhaisnéis Fhrithpháirteach Art. 1 of Council Decision 2006/688/EC (Mutual Infor- HU kölcsönös tájékoztatási mechanizmus mation Mechanism Decision) IT Meccanismo di Informazione Reciproca Synonyms LT Tarpusavio keitimosi informacija ★★ MIM mechanizmas ★★ mutual information mechanism concerning Member LV savstarpējās informācijas apmaiņas States’ measures in the area of asylum and immi- mehānisms gration MT Mekkaniżmu għal Informazzjoni Reċiproka NL wederzijdse Informatiemechanisme Related term PL Mechanizm Wymiany Informacji ★★ Information and Coordination Network for PT mecanismo de informação mútua Member States’ Migration Management Ser- RO mecanismul de informare mutuală vices (ICONet) SK mechanizmus vzájomnej výmeny informácií SL Medsebojni informacijski sistem Note SV system för ömsesidigt informationsutbyte The mechanism also allows for the preparation of ex- NO Ordning for gjensidig informasjonsutveksling changes of views and debates on such measures.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

266 mutual recognition agreement A

BG споразумение за взаимно признаване Definition B CS smlouva o vzájemném uznávání rovnocennosti Agreements on the recognition of foreign qualifica- dokladů o vzdělání tions negotiated by governments and professional C DE gegenseitige Anerkennungsvereinbarung organisations in several countries by setting out clear EL συμφωνία αμοιβαίας αναγνώρισης rules for licensing or certifying migrant professionals D ES acuerdo de reconocimiento mutuo who move between signatory countries in order to ET vastastikuse tunnustamise leping reduce, or even eliminate, the need for case-by-case E FI sopimus vastavuoroisesta tunnustamisesta assessments when applicants have been trained in FR accord de reconnaissance mutuelle systems conferring essentially comparable skills and F GA comhaontú maidir le haitheantas knowledge. frithpháirteach G HU kölcsönös elismerési megállapodás Source IT accordo di reciproco riconoscimento Migration Policy Institute: Skilled Immigrants in the H LT susitarimas dėl abipusio pripažinimo Global Economy: Prospects for International Cooper- ation on Recognition of Foreign Qualifications, 2013 LV savstarpējas atzīšanas līgums I MT Ftehim għar-rikonoxximent reċiproku Synonym NL overeenkomst inzake wederzijdse erkenning ★★ MRA PL umowa o wzajemnym uznaniu kwalifikacji J PT acordo de reconhecimento mútuo Related term K RO acord de recunoaştere mutuală ★★ highly qualified migrant SK dohoda o vzájomnom uznávaní rovnocennosti dokladov o vzdelaní Notes L SL sporazum o vzajemnem priznavanju 1. MRAs can lessen barriers migrant professionals SV avtal om ömsesidigt erkännande av face when transferring their skills and experience M kvalifikationer across borders and help governments to recognise NO avtale om gjensidig godkjenning professional qualifications from other jurisdictions. N They come in several different forms with major var- iations in the scope of the agreement and the bene- O fits they provide to the applicant (automatic, partial or limited-scope recognition, temporary access). P 2. The furthest-reaching and most comprehensive system is the EU’s system outlined in Council Direc- Q tive 2005/36/EC (Professional Qualification Directive) which covers all regulated occupations in all EU Mem- R ber States and reduces regulatory authorities’ discretion to reject applicants that fall under its purview. S

T U V W X Y Z

267 National Contact Points on Integration

BG Национални точки за контакт по интеграция Definition NCS národní kontaktní body pro integraci A network of authorities responsible for integration DE Nationale Kontaktstellen für Integration issues which serves to facilitate exchange of informa- EL Εθνικά Σημεία Επαφής για την Ένταξη tion and good practice at EU level with the purpose of ES puntos de contacto nacional de integración finding successful solutions for integration ofimmi - ET integratsiooni riiklikud kontaktpunktid grants in all EU Member States and to ensure policy FI kotouttamisasioiden kansalliset yhteyspisteet coordination and coherence at national level and with FR Points de contact nationaux en matière EU initiatives. d’intégration GA Pointí Teagmhála Náisiúnta le haghaidh Source Imeascadh European Website on Integration HU nemzeti integrációs kapcsolattartó pontok Synonym IT Punti di contatto nazionali sull’integrazione ★★ NCPI LT Nacionalinis integracijos informacijos centras LV nacionālie integrācijas kontaktpunkti Broader term MT Punti ta’ Kuntatt Nazzjonali fuq l-Integrazzjoni ★★ integration NL nationale contactpunten voor integratie PL Krajowe punkty kontaktowe ds. Integracji Narrower term PT Pontos de Contacto Nacionais de Integração ★★ Handbook on Integration RO punctele naţionale de contact pentru integrare Related terms SK národné kontaktné body pre integráciu ★★ Common Basic Principles SL Nacionalne kontaktne točke za integracijo ★★ European Migration Network SV nationella kontaktpunkter på integrationsområdet Notes NO nasjonale kontaktpunkter på integreringsfeltet 1. The network was created by the European Commis- (b); nasjonale kontaktpunkt på sion following the conclusions of the Council of Justice integreringsfeltet (n) and Home Affairs (JAI) of October 2002. 2. The National Contact Points on Integration consider inter alia employment, education, language, health, housing, culture and participation. The network’s long-term objective is to develop and reinforce the European framework for integration, in order to define basic common principles and objectives, to determine assessment measures, and to reinforce the coordination of national and European integration policies. 3. One output which the National Contact Points on In- tegration are very much involved in are the Handbooks on Integration. For more information, see the Europe- an website on Integration.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

268 national referral mechanism A

BG национален механизъм за насочване Definition B CS národní referenční mechanismus Mechanism aimed at identifying, protecting and as- DE nationaler Überweisungsmechanismus sisting victims of trafficking in human beings, C EL εθνικός μηχανισμός παραπομπής through referral, and involving relevant public author- ES Mecanismo nacional de derivación ities and civil society. D ET nõustamisele suunamise riiklik mehhanism FI kansallinen ohjautumisjärjestelmä Source E FR mécanisme national d’orientation Derived by EMN from the Conclusions on the new EU GA meicníocht náisiúnta atreorúcháin Strategy towards the Eradication of Trafficking in Hu- F HU nemzeti áldozatirányítási rendszer man Beings 2012-2016 of the 3195th Justice and IT meccanismo nazionale di riferimento Home Affairs Council meeting, 25th October 2012 G LT nacionalinis nukreipimo mechanizmas Synonyms LV nacionālais nosūtīšanas mehānisms ★★ national cooperation mechanism H MT Mekkaniżmu nazzjonali għal riferiment / ta’ ★★ NRM referenza I NL nationaal verwijsmechanisme Related terms PL krajowy mechanizm referencyjny ★★ national rapporteur or equivalent mechanism J PT mecanismo de referência nacional ★★ trafficking in human beings RO mecanism naţional de sesizare SK národný referenčný mechanizmus Notes K SL nacionalni mehanizem za opozarjanje 1. This definition was derived for the purpose ofEMN- L SV nationell hänskjutningsmekanism study: Identification of victims of trafficking in human NO nasjonal henvisningsordning (b); nasjonal beings in international protection and forced return tilvisingsordning (n) procedures 2014 with the support of the Office of the M Anti-Trafficking Coordinator. 2. The Organisation for Security and Cooperation N in Europe (OSCE) defines an NRM as a cooperative framework at national level by which state actors co- O ordinate their efforts in a strategic partnership with civil society to identify, protect and assist victims of P trafficking in human beings to ensure that the human rights of trafficked persons are respected and to pro- Q vide an effective way to refer victims of trafficking to services. For more OSCE: National referral mecha- R nism: joining efforts to protect the rights of trafficked persons, 2004. S 3. The National Rapporteurs or Equivalent Mecha- nisms (NREMs) are responsible for monitoring the im- T plementation of anti-trafficking policy at the national level and play a key role in data collection on traffick- U ing in human beings at national and EU level. V

W X Y Z

269 naturalisation

BG натурализация Definition NCS nabytí občanství / naturalizace Any mode of acquisition after birth of a nationality not DE Einbürgerung previously held by the target person that requires an EL πολιτογράφηση application by this person or their legal agent as well ES adquisición de nacionalidad as an act of granting nationality by a public authority. ET naturalisatsioon FI kansalaistaminen Source FR naturalisation EUDO Online Glossary on Citizenship and Nationality GA eadóirsiú; eadóirseacht Broader term HU honosítás IT naturalizzazione ★★ acquisition of citizenship LT natūralizacija Note LV naturalizācija This definition does not include automatic acquisition MT Naturalizzazzjoni that is not initiated by the individual concerned or their NL naturalisatie; nationaliteitsverklaring (BE) legal agent (even in cases where the individual has PL naturalizacja an option to decline this attribution of nationality) or PT naturalização acquisition of nationality based on a unilateral act by RO obţinerea cetăţeniei / naturalizare the target person (e.g. acquisition by declaration or SK naturalizácia option). SL naturalizacija SV naturalisation NO naturalisering

net migration

BG нетна миграция Definition CS saldo migrace The difference betweenimmigration into and emi- DE Nettomigration gration from a given area during the year. EL καθαρή μετανάστευση ES saldo migratorio Source ET rändesaldo Eurostat’s Concepts and Definitions Database FI nettomaahanmuutto FR solde migratoire Related terms GA imirce ghlan ★★ crude rate of net migration HU nettó migráció ★★ migration flow IT migrazione netta (o saldo migratorio) ★★ population stock LT neto migracija ★★ total migration LV migrācijas saldo Notes MT Migrazzjoni netta NL migratiesaldo / netto migratie 1. Net migration is negative when the number of em- exceeds the number of . PL migracja netto igrants immigrants Since many countries either do not have accu- PT saldo migratório 2. rate figures on immigration and emigration or have RO migraţia netă no figures at all, net migration is frequently estimat- SK migračné saldo / čistá migrácia ed as the difference between total population change SL neto migracija and natural increase between two dates (in Eurostat’s SV nettomigration database it is then called corrected net migration). NO netto migrasjon The statistics on net migration are therefore affected by any statistical inaccuracies in any of the components used for their derivation.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

270 New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants A

BG Нюйоркска декларация за бежанци и Definition B мигранти United Nations General Assembly Declaration com- CS Newyorská deklarace o uprchlících a prising a set of commitments to enhance the protec- C migrantech tion of refugees and migrants. DE New Yorker Erklärung für Flüchtlinge D und Migranten / New Yorker Erklärung zu Sources Flüchtlingen und Migranten Derived by EMN from the description of the New E EL Διακήρυξη της Νέας Υόρκης για τους York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants on the πρόσφυγες και τους μετανάστες UN-Website F ES Declaración de Nueva York para los and Refugiados y los Migrantes on the UNHCR-Website G ET pagulasi ja rändajaid käsitlev New Yorgi deklaratsioon Narrower terms FI New Yorkin pakolais- ja siirtolaisjulistus ★★ Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular H FR Déclaration de New York pour les réfugiés et Migration les migrants ★★ Global Compact on Refugees I GA Dearbhú Nua-Eabhrac maidir le Dídeanaithe Notes J agus Imircigh 1. The New York Declaration for Migrants and Refu- HU a menekültekről és a migránsokról szóló New gees adopted on 19 September 2016 is the first UN K York-i Nyilatkozat declaration on migration adopted at this level. It ac- IT Dichiarazione di New York sui rifugiati e i knowledges that migration and refugee matters have migranti become major issues in the international agenda, that L LT Niujorko deklaracija dėl pabėgėlių ir migrantų there is a pressing need for a comprehensive approach LV Ņujorkas deklarācija par bēgļiem un to human mobility and that protection of refugees is a M migrantiem shared international responsibility which requires and MT Dikjarazzjoni ta’ New York għar-Refuġjati u enhanced global cooperation on migration. N l-Migranti 2. The Declaration reaffirms the importance of the NL Verklaring van New York voor Vluchtelingen en international protection regime (the Geneva Refugee O Migranten Convention and Protocol) and the obligations to fully PL respect the human rights of refugees and migrants. P PT Declaração de Nova Iorque sobre os 3. It sets out the core elements of a Comprehensive refugiados e os migrantes Refugee Response Framework to be applied to large- Q RO scale movements of refugees and protracted refugee SK Newyorská deklarácia pre utečencov a situations. R migrantov 4. The Declaration calls upon the United Nations SL Newyorška deklaracija o beguncih in migrantih High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to pro- S SV New York-deklarationen om flyktingar och pose a global compact on Refugees and also provides migranter for the negotiation of a global compact for safe, or- T NO New York erklæringen om flyktninger og derly and regular migration. migranter (b); New York utsegnet om 5. For more information see the description of the U flyktningar og migrantar (n) New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants on the Website of UNHCR: V W X Y Z

271 non-EU national

BG гражданин на трета страна Definition NCS osoba, která není občanem EU / státní Any person not having the nationality of an EU Mem- příslušník třetí země ber State. DE Nicht-EU-Bürger EL υπήκοος τρίτης χώρας / αλλοδαπός υπήκοος Source / αλλοδαπός πολίτης / υπήκοος μη κοινοτικής Derived by EMN from Art. 20(1) of Treaty on the Func- χώρας / υπήκοος χώρας που δεν ανήκει στην tioning of the European Union (TFEU) ΕΕ ES nacional de tercer país Narrower term ET Mitte-EL kodanik ★★ third-country national FI EU:hun kuulumattoman valtion kansalainen Related terms FR non-ressortissant d’un État membre ★★ alien GA náisiúnach neamh-AE ★★ union citizen HU nem EU-s állampolgár IT cittadino non comunitario Note LT ne ES pilietis This means that nationals of NO, IS, LI and CH are LV persona bez ES pilsonības non-EU nationals, but they are not third-country na- MT Ċittadin(a) ta’ pajjiż barra l-UE / mhux fl-UE tionals, as defined, primarily because they have the NL derdelander / niet-EU onderdaan right to free movement. PL obywatel państwa trzeciego PT nacional de país terceiro RO cetăţean al unui stat terţ SK štátny príslušník tretej krajiny / osoba, ktorá nie je občanom EÚ SL ne-državljan EU SV icke-EU-medborgare / tredjelandsmedborgare NO borger av et land som ikke er medlem i EU (b); borgar av eit land som ikkje er medlem i EU (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

272 non-refoulement A

BG non-refoulement / забрана за експулсиране Definitions B или връщане In the global context, a core principle of international CS princip nenavracení / non-refoulement refugee and human rights law that prohibits States C DE Nichtzurückweisung / Non-refoulement from returning individuals to a country where there / Schutz vor Zurückweisung / Verbot der is a real risk of being subjected to persecution, tor- D Ausweisung und Zurückweisung ture, inhuman or degrading treatment or any EL μη- επαναπροώθηση other human rights violation. E ES non-refoulement ET tagasisaatmise lubamatus / non-refoulement In the refugee context, a core principle of internation- F FI palauttamiskielto al refugee law that prohibits States from returning FR non-refoulement / interdiction de retour forcé refugees in any manner whatsoever to countries G (LU) or territories in which their lives or freedom may be GA neamh-refoulement threatened on account of their race, religion, H HU visszaküldés tilalma IT non-refoulement Sources LT negrąžinimas global context: developed by EMN I LV neizraidīšana refugee context: Art. 33 of the Geneva Refugee Con- MT Prinċipju (il-) ta’ non-refoulement - li ma jsirx vention and Protocol J ritorn imġiegħel jew sfurzat Related terms NL non-refoulement / beginsel van niet-uitwijzing K ★★ refoulement PL zasada non-refoulement/ zasada ★★ forced return niewydalania L ★★ removal PT non-refoulement RO non-refoulment/ nereturnare Notes M SK zásada zákazu vyhostenia alebo vrátenia 1. The principle of non-refoulement is a part of cus- / zásada non-refoulement / princíp tomary international law and is therefore binding N nenavrátenia on all States, whether or not they are parties to the SL načelo nevračanja O Geneva Refugee Convention Protocol. SV non-refoulement (förbud mot avvisning / 2. In international law the prohibition on refoulement utvisning) has been developed in various legal instruments, on P NO vern mot utsendelse (b); vern mot utsending both a global and a regional level, such as in Art. 3 of (n) the Convention against Torture (CAT), in Art.7 of the Q International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and Art. 3 of the European Convention on R Human Rights (ECHR). Initially, the prohibition on refoulement was developed in relation to the protec- S tion of refugees. 3. The ECtHR does not contain an explicit prohibition T on refoulement. However, in particular, under Art. 3 of ECHR a refoulement prohibition has been developed U by the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). V 4. Art. 3 of the ECHR also prohibits indirect refoulement, the removal to a third - intermediary - country W from which the individual may then be removed to the country in which he faces a real risk of the proscribed X ill-treatment. 5. For further information see: Wouters, Cornelius Y Wolfram: International legal Standards for the Protec- tion from Refoulement. - Leiden, 2009. Z

273 non-removable returnee

BG лице, подлежащо на връщане, за което Definition N връщането не може да бъде осъществено Third country national who has no legal right to CS osoba, u které nelze realizovat návrat stay in the territory of one of the EU Member States DE Rückkehrpflichtige Person, die nicht and who is subject to a return decision but who can zurückgeführt werden kann nevertheless not be immediately returned for various EL ανεφίκτου απελάσεως reasons. ES persona con orden de expulsión que no puede ser materializada Source ET tagasipöörduja, keda ei saa välja saata Derived by EMN from Communication from the Com- FI palauttamispäätöksen saanut henkilö, jota ei mission to the Council and the European Parliament kyetä poistamaan maasta on EU Return Policy, COM/2014/0199 final FR personne non-éloignable faisant l’objet d’une décision de retour Synonyms GA fillí neamh-inaistrithe ★★ non-deportable HU nem kitoloncolható visszatérő ★★ non-removable irregular migrant IT Rimpatriandi non allontanabili ★★ undesirable and non-removable migrant LT užsienietis, kurio negalima grąžinti Related term LV neizraidāma persona ★★ postponement of removal MT Persuna rimpatrijata li ma tistax titneħħa NL niet-verwijderbare terugkeerder / niet- Notes uitzetbare terugkeerder 1. Barriers to removal may be legal, humanitarian PL cudzoziemiec, którego decyzja o powrocie jest or practical in nature or they may results from policy niewykonywalna choices. Barriers to return are discussed in the EMN PT cidadão estrangeiro inexpulsável / repatriado Focussed Study: Returning Rejected Asylum Seekers: inexpulsável challenges and good practices, 2016. RO 2. According to section 13.2 of the 'Return Handbook' SK nenavrátiteľný cudzinec EU Member States have no obligation to grant a resi- SL oseba v postopku vračanja, katera se zaradi dence permit to non-removable returnees once it be- objektivnih ali subjektivnih vzroko ne more comes clear that there is no more reasonable prospect vrniti; tujec, ki ga ni mogoče vračati of removal, but EU Member States are free to do so SV återvändande som ej kan avlägsnas ur landet at any moment. NO person med utreiseplikt som ikke kan 3. Non-removables include "undesirable and non-re- returneres (b); person med utreiseplikt som movable migrants" who are excluded on the basis of ikkje kan returnerast (n) Art. 1F of the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol and who may not be refouled because of human rights obligations. 4. Penal sanctions aimed at dissuading non-removable returnees who have no justified reasons for non-return from remaining illegally must comply with fundamental rights, particularly those guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (CFR), and must comply with the proportionality principle. The maximum time for depriving the liberty of non-cooperating returnees is limited by Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) to 18 months. See the 'Return Handbook' for more information.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

274 nuclear family A

BG семейно ядро Definition B CS nukleární rodina / rodina v užším slova smyslu The spouse and the minor children of a family. DE Kernfamilie C EL πυρηνική οικογένεια Source ES familia nuclear Recital 9 of Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Re- D ET tuumikperekond unification Directive) FI ydinperhe E FR famille nucléaire Related terms GA teaghlach núicléach ★★ family formation F HU családmag / szűkebb család ★★ family member ★★ family reunification IT famiglia nucleare G LT branduolinė šeima Note LV nukleārā ģimene H MT Familja nukleari This definition refers specifically to the context of family reunification only. NL kerngezin I PL rodzina nuklearna PT núcleo familiar J RO familie nucleară SK užšia rodina SL osnovna (nuklearna) družina K SV kärnfamilj NO kjernefamilie L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

275 obligation to cooperate

BG задължение за сътрудничество Definition OCS povinnost spolupracovat Obligation imposed by EU Member States upon the DE Mitwirkungspflicht applicant for international protection to coop- EL υποχρεώση συνεργασίας erate with the competent authorities insofar as such ES Obligación de cooperar obligations are necessary for the processing of the ET koostöökohustus application. FI yhteistyövelvoite FR obligation de coopérer Sources GA dualgas comhoibrithe Derived by EMN from Art.4(1) of Directive 2011/95/ HU együttműködési kötelezettség EU (Recast Qualification Directive) and IT obbligo di collaborazione Art. 13 of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Pro- LT pareiga bendradarbiauti cedures Directive) LV pienākums sadarboties Synonym MT obbligu li jikkoopera (tikkoopera / jikkooperaw) ★★ duty to cooperate NL verplichting tot samenwerking / medewerkingsplicht Notes PL obowiązek współpracy 1. These may include obligations of applicants to: PT obrigação de cooperar a)report to the competent authorities or to appear be- RO fore them in person; SK povinnosť spolupracovať b)to hand over documents in their possession relevant SL obveznost do sodelovanja to the examination of the application, such as their SV skyldighet att samarbeta passports; NO plikt til å samarbeide c)to inform the competent authorities of their current place or address; d)to be personally searched and the items they carry with them; e)to have one photograph taken; and f)to have ones oral statements recorded. 2. Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) allows accelerated procedures to be used in cases where applicants have failed to fulfil their obligation.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

276 occupation A

BG професия/ занятие Definition B CS povolání A set of jobs whose main tasks and duties are charac- DE Beschäftigung terised by a high degree of similarity. C EL επάγγελμα ES actividad profesional Source D ET amet ILO: ISCO-88, International Standard Classification FI ammatti of Occupations. International Labour Office, Geneva E FR profession 1990 GA gairm bheatha Related terms F HU foglalkozás ★★ employment IT professione / occupazione / impiego G LT profesija ★★ profession LV profesija Notes H MT Impieg / Xogħol / Okkupazzjoni NL beroep 1. Job, in the context of ISCO-08, is defined as follows: A set of tasks and duties performed or meant to be I PL zawód performed, by one person, including for an PT profissão employer or in self employment. J RO ocupaţie 2. The ISCO definition is also the one used by employ- SK povolanie ment services (placement agencies). SL poklic K SV sysselsättning / yrke NO yrke L M

organised crime N BG организирана престъпност Definition O CS organizovaný zločin Large-scale and complex illicit activities carried out by DE organisierte Kriminalität an organised criminal group. P EL οργανωμένο έγκλημα ES delincuencia organizada Source Q ET organiseeritud kuritegevus Derived by EMN from the IOM Glossary on Migration, FI järjestäytynyt rikollisuus 2nd ed., 2011 FR crime organisé R GA coireacht eagraithe Related term HU szervezett bűnözés ★★ organised criminal group S IT crimine organizzato Note LT organizuotas nusikalstamumas T LV organizētā noziedzība Such operations are generally carried out with a ruth- MT Kriminalità (Il-) organizzata less disregard of the law, and often involve offences U NL georganiseerde misdaad against the person, including threats, intimidation and physical violence. PL zorganizowana przestępczość V PT crime organizado RO crimă organizată W SK organizovaný zločin SL organizirani kriminal X SV organiserad brottslighet NO organisert kriminalitet Y

277 organised criminal group

BG организирана престъпна група Definition OCS skupina organizovaného zločinu A structured group of three or more persons, existing DE organisierte kriminelle Gruppe / organisierte for a period of time and acting cooperatively with the kriminelle Vereinigung aim of committing one or more serious crimes or of- EL οργανωμένη εγκληματική ομάδα fences. ES grupo delictivo organizado ET organiseeritud kuritegelik ühendus Source FI järjestäytynyt rikollisryhmä Art. 2(a) of UN Convention against Transnational Or- FR groupe criminel organisé ganised Crime and the protocols thereto GA buíon choiriúil eagraithe Related term HU szervezett bűnözői csoport IT gruppo di criminalità organizzata ★★ organised crime LT organizuota nusikalstama grupė LV organizēta noziedzīga grupa MT Grupp kriminali organizzat / Għaqda kriminali organizzata NL criminele organisatie PL zorganizowana grupa przestępcza PT grupo de crime organizado RO grup / grupare criminal organizat SK organizovaná zločinecká skupina SL organizirana kriminalna združba SV organiserad brottslig sammanslutning NO organisert kriminell gruppe

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

278 overstayer A

BG престой над разрешения срок Definitions B CS překročení doby povoleného pobytu / osoba s In the global context, a person who remains in a coun- překročenou dobou povoleného pobytu try beyond the period for which entry was granted. C DE Person, die die zulässige Aufenthaltsdauer überschritten hat In the EU context, a person who has legally entered D EL ο αλλοδαπός διαμένων πέραν του χρόνου που but then stayed in an EU Member State beyond the δικαιούται allowed duration of their permitted stay without the E ES extranjero en situación irregular sobrevenida appropriate visa (typically 90 days or six months), or ET lubatud viibimisaja ületamine / ületaja of their visa and/or residence permit. F FI henkilö, joka on jäänyt maahan oleskeluluvan tai viisumin umpeuduttua Sources G FR personne dépassant la durée de séjour Global context: IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., autorisée 2011 H GA rófhantóir (and overstaying = rófhantóireacht) EU context: developed by EMN HU túltartózkodó Broader term IT overstayer I LT asmuo, viršijęs teisėto buvimo laiką ★★ third-country national found to be illegally LV persona, kas pārsniedz atļauto uzturēšanās present J termiņu Related terms K MT Sebq (Sebbieq) il-qgħad, Min jiskorrilu / ★★ irregular migrant jiskadilu l-permess (biex) jibqa’, Min itawwal ★★ irregular stay żjara illegalment L NL overstayer PL osoba która utraciła prawo do pobytu M PT estrangeiro com excesso de permanência RO străin cu şedere ilegală (prin depăşirea N termenului de şedere conferit de viză sau alt document de şedere) O SK osoba, ktorá prekročila povolenú dobu pobytu SL tujec, ki je prekoračil dovoljeni čas prebivanja P SV person vars uppehållstillstånd har gått ut NO person hvis oppholdstillatelse er utløpt (b); Q person med opphaldsløyve som har gått ut (n) R

S T U V W X Y Z

279 Palermo Protocol

BG Протоколът от Палермо Definition P CS Palermská úmluva A United Nations (UN) protocol to prevent, suppress DE Palermo-Protokoll and punish trafficking in human beings, especially EL Πρωτόκολλο του Παλέρμο women and children, supplementing the UN Conven- ES Protocolo de Palermo tion against Transnational Organized Crime and ET Palermo protokoll its Protocols. FI Palermon pöytäkirja FR Protocole de Palerme Source GA Prótacal Palermo Palermo Protocol HU Palermói Jegyzőkönyv Related term IT Protocollo di Palermo LT Palermo protokolas ★★ trafficking in human beings LV Palermo protokols Notes MT Protokoll (Il-) ta’ Palermo NL Protocol van Palermo 1. The Protocol was adopted in Palermo, Italy in No- vember 2000. PL Protokół z Palermo It is one of three protocols supplementing the UN PT Protocolo de Palermo 2. Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. RO Protocolul de la Palermo The other two are: SK Palermský protokol - Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, SL Palermski protokol Sea and Air (Smuggling Protocol) SV Palermoprotokollet - Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing and Traf- NO Palermo-protokollen ficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition (Firearms Protocol)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

280 partnership of convenience A

BG партньорство, сключено с единствената Definition B цел да се даде възможност на A partnership contracted for the sole purpose of ena- заинтересованите лица да влязат или да bling one of the persons concerned to enter or reside C пребивават в държава-членка in an EU Member State. CS účelové partnerství D DE Scheinpartnerschaft Source EL εικονικό σύμφωνο συμβίωσης / σύμφωνο Art. 16(2b) of Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Family E συμβίωσης συμφέροντος Reunification Directive) ES pareja de hecho de conveniencia F ET partnerlus riiki sisenemise eesmärgil / Related terms ★★ adoption of convenience mugavuspartnerlus G FI harhautustarkoituksessa solmittu parisuhde ★★ civil partnership of convenience ★★ false declaration of parenthood FR partenariat de complaisance H GA comhpháirtíocht áise ★★ marriage of convenience HU névleges élettársi kapcsolat IT relazione stabile fittizia I LT fiktyvi partnerystė LV fiktīvas partnerattiecības J MT Sħubija / Unjoni ta’ konvenjenza NL schijnpartnerschap K PL (fikcyjny) związek partnerski stworzony w celu obejścia przepisów umożliwiających L legalizację pobytu PT parceria de conveniência M RO parteneriat civil de convenineţă SK účelové partnerstvo N SL navidezna zakonska zveza SV skenpartnerskap O NO proformapartnerskap (b); proformapartnarskap (n) P

Q R S T U V W X Y Z

281 persecution

BG преследване Definition P CS pronásledování Human rights abuses or other serious harm, often, DE Verfolgung but not always, with a systematic or repetitive ele- EL δίωξη ment. ES persecución ET tagakiusamine Source FI vaino UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms FR persécution GA géarleanúint Narrower terms HU üldöz(tet)és ★★ act of persecution IT persecuzione ★★ actor of persecution LT persekiojimas ★★ Convention grounds for persecution ★★ LV vajāšana group persecution ★★ MT Persekuzzjoni well-founded fear of persecution NL vervolging Related term PL prześladowanie ★★ serious harm PT perseguição RO persecuţie Note SK prenasledovanie The core concept of persecution was deliberately not SL preganjanje defined in the Geneva Refugee Convention and SV förföljelse Protocol, to suggesting that the drafters intended NO forfølgelse (b); forfølging (n) it to be interpreted in a sufficiently flexible manner so as to encompass ever-changing forms of persecution.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

282 person eligible for subsidiary protection A

BG лице, което отговаря на условията за Definition B субсидиарна закрила A third-country national or a stateless person CS osoba, která má nárok na doplňkovou ochranu who does not qualify as a refugee but in respect C DE Person mit Anspruch auf subsidiären Schutz of whom substantial grounds have been shown for EL δικαιούχος επικουρικής προστασίας believing that the person concerned, if returned to D ES persona con derecho a protección subsidiaria their country of origin, or in the case of a stateless ET täiendava kaitse saamise nõuetele vastav isik person, to their country of former habitual residence, E FI henkilö, joka voi saada toissijaista suojelua would face a real risk of suffering serious harm FR personne pouvant bénéficier de la protection as defined in Art. 15 of Directive 2011/95/EC (Recast F subsidiaire Qualification Directive) and to whom Art. 17(1) and (2) GA duine atá i dteideal cosaint choimhdeach of said Directive do not apply, and is unable, or, owing G HU kiegészítő védelemben részesített személy / to such risk, unwilling to avail themselves of the pro- oltalmazott tection of that country. H IT persona avente titolo a beneficiare della protezione sussidiaria Source LT papildomą apsaugą galintis gauti asmuo Derived by EMN from Art. 2(f) of Directive 2011/95/EC I (Recast Qualification Directive) LV persona, kura tiesīga uz alternatīvo statusu J MT Persuna eliġibbli għal protezzjoni sussidjarja Broader term NL persoon die voor subsidiaire bescherming in ★★ subsidiary protection aanmerking komt K PL osoba kwalifikująca się do ochrony Narrower term L uzupełniającej ★★ beneficiary of subsidiary protection PT pessoa elegível para proteção subsidiária RO persoană eligibilă pentru protecţie subsidiară Related terms M SK osoba oprávnená na doplnkovú ochranu ★★ applicant for international protection SL oseba upravičena do subsidiarne zaščite ★★ beneficiary of international protection N SV person som uppfyller kraven för att betecknas ★★ (civil) war refugee som subsidiärt skyddsbehövande O NO person som har krav på subsidiær beskyttelse (b); person som har krav på subsidiært vern P (n) Q

R S T U V W X Y Z

283 person with a migratory background

BG лице с миграционен произход Definitions P CS osoba s migračním původem A person who has: DE Person mit Migrationshintergrund EL άτομο με μεταναστευτική καταγωγή (a) migrated into their present country of residence; ES persona de origen migratorio and/or ET rändetaustaga isik FI maahanmuuttajataustainen henkilö (b) previously had a different nationality from their FR personne issue de l’immigration present country of residence; and/or GA duine ag a bhfuil cúlra imirceach HU migrációs háttérű személy (c) at least one of their parents previously entered IT persona con un background migratorio their present country of residence as a migrant. LT asmuo, kilęs iš migrantų šeimos arba asmuo, gyvenantis ne savo kilmės valstybėje Source LV persona ar migrācijas pieredzi Derived by EMN from paragraphs 360-368 in the UN MT Persuna bi storja ta’ migrazzjoni warajha Economic Commission for Europe: Recommendations NL persoon met een migratieachtergrond for the 2010 Censuses of Population and Housing, PL osoba z przeszłością migracyjną 2010 PT pessoa com antecedentes migratórios Synonyms RO persoană cu trecut migraţionist ★★ person in a migratory context SK osoba s migrantským pôvodom ★★ person of migrant origin SL oseba z migracijskim ozadjem SV person med invandrarbakgrund Narrower term NO person med innvandrerbakgrunn (b); person ★★ second-generation migrant med innvandrarbakgrunn (n) Notes 1. This is a broad definition which aims to encompass all possibilities for a person who has undertaken a migration at some point and/or has parents who did so. 2. Point (a) can also include a national of the country of residence who previously lived elsewhere and then returned to their country of nationality.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

284 personal interview for international protection A

BG лично интервю за предоставяне на Definition B международна закрила Interview with the applicant on the substance of their CS osobní pohovor k žádosti o udělení application for international protection which C mezinárodní ochrany has to be conducted by the personnel of the deter- DE persönliche Anhörung zum Antrag auf mining authority. D internationalen Schutz EL προσωπική συνέντευξη για διεθνή προστασία Source E ES entrevista personal para protección Derived by EMN from Art. 14 of Directive 2013/32/EU internacional (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) F ET isiklik vestlus rahvusvahelise kaitse Synonyms menetluses G FI turvapaikkapuhuttelu / henkilökohtainen ★★ asylum interview puhuttelu kansainvälisen suojelun ★★ interview in an asylum context menettelyssä ★★ personal interview H FR entretien personnel sur la demande de Notes protection internationale I The personal interview shall be conducted before GA agallamh pearsanta ar mhaithe le cosaint 1. a decision is taken by the determining authority and idirnáisiúnta J shall take place under certain conditions set out in Art. HU személyes meghallgatás a nemzetközi 15 of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Proce- védelmi igény megállapítására irányuló K dures Directive). These conditions include: eljárásban - safeguarding confidentiality and ensuring that IT colloquio personale per la protezione L - the interviewer is competent and able to take into internazionale account of the personal and general circumstances LT asmeninis pokalbis dėl tarptautinės apsaugos M surrounding the application; (EU acquis); prieglobsčio prašytojo asmeninė - wherever possible an interviewer of the same sex as apklausa N the applicant is provided; LV personiskā intervija (starptautiskās - an interpreter is selected who is able to ensure ap- aizsardzības procedūrā) propriate communication between the interviewer and O MT intervista personali għal protezzjoni the applicant; internazzjonali - the interviewer does not wear a military or law en- P NL persoonlijk gehoor/onderhoud over het forcement uniform; and verzoek om internationale bescherming - that interviews with minors are conducted in a Q PL przesłuchanie w procedurze udzielenia child-appropriate manner. ochrony miedzynarodowej 2. The term personal interview for international pro- R PT entrevista pessoal sobre pedido de proteção tection is more commonly referred to as an asylum internacional interview. S RO SK osobný pohovor o žiadosti o medzinárodnú T ochranu (EU acquis); osobný pohovor o žiadosti o azyl SL osebni razgovor (intervju) za mednarodno U zaščito SV personlig intervju för internationellt skydd V NO personintervju ved søknad om internasjonal beskyttelse (b); personintervju ved søknad om W internasjonalt verm (n) X Y Z

285 population stock

BG брой на населението Definition P CS obyvatelstvo (stav k) / The inhabitants of a given area on a certain date (e.g. počet obyvatel (stav k) 1 January or 31 December) of the year in question. DE Bevölkerungs(be)stand EL πληθυσμιακό απόθεμα Source ES stock de población Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘total popula- ET rahvaarv kindlal territooriumil, teatud aja tion’ in the Eurostat Glossary on Demographic Statis- seisuga tics FI väestökanta FR stock de population Narrower term GA stoc daonra ★★ migrant stock HU népességszám Related terms IT stock di popolazione ★★ crude rate of net migration LT gyventojų skaičius ★★ migration flow LV iedzīvotāju skaits (1. janvārī) ★★ net migration MT Rendikont tal-popolazzjoni ★★ stock of foreigners NL stand van de bevolking; omvang van de ★★ total migration bevolking (NL) ★★ usually resident population PL populacja w danym momencie PT stock populacional Note RO stoc de populaţie The population is based either on data from the most SK počet obyvateľov recent census, adjusted by the components of popu- SL število prebivalstva lation change produced since the last census, or on SV folkmängd population registers. NO folketall (b); folketal (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

286 positive discrimination A

BG позитивна дискриминация Definition B CS pozitivní diskriminace A policy or a programme providing advantages for DE positive Diskriminierung certain groups of people who are seen to have tra- C EL θετική διάκριση ditionally been discriminated against, with the aim of ES discriminación positiva creating a more egalitarian society. D ET eeliskohtlemine FI positiivinen syrjintä Source E FR discrimination positive Derived by EMN from the FRA (EUMC) Open Glossary GA idirdhealú dearfach (no longer available online) F HU pozitív diszkrimináció Synonyms IT discriminazione positiva ★★ affirmative action G LT pozityvioji diskriminacija ★★ positive action LV pozitīva diskriminācija H MT Diskriminazzjoni pożittiva Related term NL positieve discriminatie ★★ principle of equal treatment I PL dyskryminacja pozytywna PT discriminação positiva Note J RO discriminare pozitivă This consists of preferential access to education, em- SK pozitívna diskriminácia ployment, healthcare or social welfare. SL pozitivna diskriminacija K SV positiv särbehandling NO positiv diskriminering L M

posted worker N

BG командирован работник Definition O CS vyslaný pracovník A worker who, for a limited period, carries out his work DE entsandter Arbeitnehmer in the territory of an EU Member State other than the P EL αποσπασμένος εργαζόμενος State in which they normally work. ES trabajador desplazado Q ET lähetatud töötaja Source FI lähetetty työntekijä Art. 2(1) of Directive 96/71/EC (Posting of Workers Di- R FR travailleur détaché rective) GA oibrí ar phostú Note HU kihelyezett dolgozó S IT lavoratore distaccato A posted worker is also one of the forms of ‘trade LT komandiruotas darbuotojas in services mode 4’ according to the General Agree- T LV darba ņēmējs, kurš norīkots darbā citā ment on Trade in Services (GATS). dalībvalstī U MT Ħaddiem stazzjonat / ippostjat NL ter beschikking gestelde werknemer V PL pracownik oddelegowany PT trabalhador destacado W RO lucrător detaşat SK vyslaný pracovník X SL napoteni delavec SV utstationerad arbetstagare Y NO utsatt effektuering / iverksettelse (b); utsett effektuering / iverksetjing (n) Z

287 postponement of removal

BG временно отлагане на извеждането Definition P CS odklad vyhoštění (Temporary) suspension of removal of a third-coun- DE einstweilige Aussetzung der Abschiebung try national who has received a return decision but (EU acquis); vorübergehende Aussetzung der whose removal is not possible either for humanitarian Abschiebung / Duldung (AT, DE); Aufschub der reasons (as their removal would violate the principle Abschiebung (LU) of non-refoulement or due to the third-country na- EL αναβολή απομάκρυνσης tional’s physical state or mental capacity) or for tech- ES aplazamiento de la expulsión nical reasons (such as lack of transport capacity or ET väljasaatmise edasilükkamine failure of the removal due to lack of identification or FI maastapoistamisen lykkääminen the country of origin’s refusal to accept the person) FR report de l’éloignement and for as long as a suspensory effect is granted in GA an t-aistriú a chur siar accordance with Art. 13(2) of Directive 2008/115/EC HU befogadottkénti tartózkodás (Return Directive). IT rinvio dell'allontanamento LT išsiuntimo atidėjimas (EU acquis); išsiuntimo Source vykdymo sustabdymas Derived by EMN from Art. 9 of Directive 2008/115/EC LV izraidīšanas atlikšana (Return Directive) MT Posponiment ta' tneħħija Synonyms NL uitstel van verwijdering ★★ suspension of removal PL wstrzymanie wydalenia ★★ temporary suspension of removal PT adiamento do afastamento ★★ tolerated stay RO amânarea îndepărtării SK odklad odsunu (EU acquis); tolerovaný pobyt Notes SL dovolitev za zadrževanje / odložitev vračanja 1. Tolerated stay status is granted in a number of EU SV uppskov med avlägsnande Member States with differing definitions and regu- NO utsatt uttransportering (b); utsett lated by different legal instruments. The toleration uttransportering (n) is only a suspension of removal. 2. In several EU Member States, the term ‘tolerated stay’ is not formally used anymore and has been replaced by ‘postponment of removal’ after the trans- position of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive). 3. For more information, see EMN: Alternatives to De- tention, 2014.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

288 Prague Process A

BG Пражки процес Definition B CS Pražský proces A process to strengthen cooperation in migration DE Prager Prozess management between the European Union (EU) and C EL Διαδικασία της Πράγας 19 partner countries to the East (the Western Bal- ES Proceso de Praga kans, Eastern Europe, Turkey, Russia, Central Asia and D ET Praha protsess Southern Caucasus). FI Prahan prosessi E FR Processus de Prague Source GA Próiseas Phrág Joint Declaration from Prague Ministerial Conference F HU Prágai Folyamat Synonym IT Processo di Praga ★★ Prague Process – Building Migration Partnerships G LT Prahos procesas LV Prāgas process Related term H MT Proċess (Il-) ta’ Praga ★★ Global Approach to Migration and Mobility NL Praag Proces (GAMM) I PL Proces Praski PT Processo de Praga Notes J RO Procesul Praga 1. This process follows a ministerial conference SK Pražský proces in Prague in April 2009, at the initiative of the CZ K SL Praški proces in conjunction with HU, SK, PL and RO. SV Pragprocessen 2. Its activities extend across five areas: L NO Praha-prosessen a)combating irregular migration; b)readmission, voluntary return and reintegration; M c)legal migration; d)integration; and e)migration and development. N 3. The process takes a comprehensive, balanced, pragmatic and operational approach, respecting the O rights and human dignity of migrants and their family members, as well as of refugees. P 4. For more information, see the website of the Prague Process. Q R

S T U V W X Y Z

289 presumed victim of trafficking in human beings

BG предполагаема жертва на трафика на хора Definition P CS pravděpodobná oběť obchodování s lidmi A person who has met the criteria of EU regulations DE vermutetes Opfer von Menschenhandel and international Conventions but has not been for- EL φερόμενο θύμα εμπορίας ανθρώπων mally identified by the relevant authorities (e.g. police) ES presunta victima de trata de seres humanos as a trafficking victim or has declined to be formally or ET eeldatav inimkaubanduse ohver legally identified as trafficked. FI oletettu ihmiskaupan uhri FR victime présumée de la traite des êtres Source humains Derived by EMN from Eurostat: Trafficking in human GA duine ar dócha gur íospartach gáinneála é / í being, 2015 HU emberkereskedelem feltételezett áldozata Related terms IT vittima presunta di tratta di esseri umani LT asmuo, galėjęs nukentėti nuo prekybos ★★ identified victim of trafficking in human beings žmonėmis ★★ trafficking in human beings ★★ LV persona, kuru uzskata par cilvēku tirdzniecības vulnerable person upuri Note MT Preżumibbilment vittma fit-traffikar tal- persuni If a person is presumed to be a victim of trafficking NL vermoedelijk slachtoffer van mensenhandel in human beings, this does not rule out the possibility that the person’s status will later be assessed other- PL domniemana ofiara handlu ludźmi wise (i.e. not identified / confirmed as a victim). PT presumível vítima de tráfico de seres humanos RO presupuse victime ale traficului de fiinţe umane SK pravdepodobná obeť obchodovania s ľuďmi / formálne neidentifikovaná obeť obchodovania s ľuďmi SL domnevna žrtev trgovine z ljudmi SV förmodat offer för människohandel NO antatt offer for menneskehandel

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

290 prima facie refugee A

BG no translation Definition B CS uprchlík prima facie Person recognised as a refugee, by a State or the DE Prima-Facie Flüchtling United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees C EL εκ πρώτης όψεως πρόσφυγας (UNHCR), on the basis of objective criteria related to ES refugiado (prima facie) the circumstances in their country of origin, which D ET prima facie pagulane justify a presumption that they meet the criteria of FI prima facie -pakolainen the applicable refugee definition. E FR réfugié prima facie GA dídeanaí prima facie Source F HU prima facie elismert menekült UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms IT rifugiato prima facie Broader term G LT prima facie pabėgėlis ★★ refugee LV prima facie bēglis H MT Rifuġjat(a) prima facie Related terms NL prima facie vluchteling ★★ group determination of refugee status I PL uchodźca prima facie ★★ group persecution PT refugiado prima facie J RO refugiat prima facie Note SK utečenec prima facie This term refers to a more theoretical concept and K SL prima facie begunec is often not applied. SV prima facie-flykting NO prima facie-flyktning L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

291 principle of equal treatment

BG принцип на равно третиране Definition P CS princip rovného zacházení The principle that there shall be no direct or indirect DE Gleichbehandlungsgrundsatz discrimination based on racial or ethnic origin, sex, EL αρχή της ίσης μεταχείριση religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation. ES principio de igualdad de trato ET võrdse kohtlemise põhimõte Sources FI yhtäläisen kohtelun periaate Derived by EMN from Art. 2 of Council Directive FR principe d’égalité de traitement 2000/43/EC (Racial Equality Directive) and GA an prionsabal um chóir chomhionann Art. 13 of the Treaty of Amsterdam HU egyenlő bánásmód (elve) Synonym IT principio di parità di trattamento ★★ equal opportunities LT vienodo požiūrio principas LV vienlīdzīgas attieksmes princips Narrower terms MT Prinċipju (Il-) ta’ trattament ugwali ★★ direct discrimination NL beginsel van gelijke behandeling ★★ indirect discrimination PL zasada równego traktowania PT princípio da igualdade de tratamento Related terms RO principiul tratamentului egal ★★ positive discrimination SK zásada rovnakého zaobchádzania / princíp ★★ victimisation rovnakého zaobchádzania Notes SL načelo enakega obravnavanja SV principen om likabehandling 1. This is an important right conferred by EU citizenship. NO prinsippet om likebehandling The Treaty of Amsterdam added a new Art. 13 to the Treaty, reinforcing the principle of non-discrimination. Under this article, the Council has the power to take appropriate action to combat discrimination based on sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation. 2. The term ‘equal treatment’ has a distinct use / meaning when used in the context of bilateral social security agreements between EU Member States as per Regulation (EU) No 465/2012 on the coordination of social security systems. 3. For more information see EMN: Migrant Access to Social Security and Healthcare – policy and practice, 2014.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

292 procedural guarantees A

BG процедурни гаранции Definition B CS procesní záruky In the EU asylum context, special guarantees address- DE Verfahrensgarantien ing the legal rights of applicants for internation- C EL διαδικαστικές εγγυήσεις al protection as outlined in Chapter II of Directive ES garantías procedimentales 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) D ET menetlustagatised and Art. 6 of the European Convention of Human FI menettelylliset takeet Rights. E FR garanties procédurales GA ráthaíochtaí nós imeachta Sources F HU eljárási garanciák Chapter II of Directive 2013/32/EU Recast Asylum IT garanzie procedurali Procedures Directive) and G LT procedūrinės garantijos Art. 6 of the European Convention of Human Rights LV procesuālās garantijas Synonym H MT Garanziji proċedurali ★★ procedural safeguards NL procedurele waarborgen I PL gwarancje proceduralne Note PT garantias processuais These guarantees comprise the following rights of J RO applicants for international protection: access to the SK procesné záruky / procedurálne záruky procedure for international protection; right to SL postopkovna jamstva K remain in the Member State pending the exam- SV förfarandegarantier ination of the application for international pro- L NO saksbehandlingsgaranti (b); tection; information on their rights and obligations sakshandsamingsgaranti (n) in a language they understand; acess to interpreters; M the opportunity to communicate with UNHCR or with any other organisation providing legal advice or other N counselling; notice in reasonable time of the decision by the determining authority on their application; a personal interview, and free legal assistance and O representation granted on request in the appeals procedures (including the preparation of the required P procedural documents and participation in the hearing before a court or tribunal of first instance on behalf of Q the applicant. R S T U V W X Y Z

293 procedure for international protection

BG производство за предоставяне на Definition P международна закрила Set of measures described in the Directive 2013/32/ CS řízení o udělení mezinárodní ochrany EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) which en- DE Verfahren auf internationalen Schutz compasses all necessary steps for granting and EL διαδικασία σχετικά με τη διεθνή προστασία withdrawing international protection starting with ES procedimiento para la protección internacional making an application for international protec- ET rahvusvahelise kaitse menetlus tion to the final decision in appeals procedures. FI turvapaikkamenettely / kansainvälistä suojelua koskeva menettely Source FR procédure pour l'octroi et le retrait de la Developed by EMN protection internationale GA Nós imeachta maidir le cosaint idirnáisiúnta Synonyms HU nemzetközi védelemmel kapcsolatos eljárás ★★ asylum procedure IT procedura di protezione internazionale ★★ protection determination procedure ★★ refugee determination procedure LT tarptautinės apsaugos procedūra (EU acquis); ★★ RSD procedure prieglobsčio procedūra LV starptautiskās aizsardzības procedūra Narrower terms MT proċedura għal protezzjoni internazzjonali ★★ access to the procedure for international pro- NL procedure voor de toekenning van tection internationale bescherming ★★ examination of an application for internation- PL procedura udzielania ochrony al protection międzynarodowej ★★ personal interview for international protec- PT Procedimento de concessão e retirada do tion estatuto de proteção internacional RO Notes SK procedúra medzinárodnej ochrany / konanie o 1. These steps are in particular: making and lodg- medzinárodnej ochrane (EU acquis); konanie o ing an application for international protection, udelenie azylu / konanie o azyle registration of the applicant and establishment of the SL postopek mednarodne zaščite applicant's identity by means of identification, exam- SV förfarande för att pröva internationellt skydd ination of the application including the personal in- NO prosedyre ved søknad om internasjonal terview, decision at first instance, appeals procedure beskyttelse (b); prosedyre ved søknad and final decision in the appeals procedure. The proce- om internasjonalt vern (etter søknad om dures include special procedures such as the Dublin internasjonalt vern) (n) procedure or accelerated procedures as well as the distribution and accommodation of the applicants. 2. Directive 2013/32/EU(Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) provides the framework for a single application procedure comprising common guarantees and standards for the qualification ofthird-country nationals or stateless persons as beneficiaries of international protection, or for persons eligible for subsidiary protection and for the content of the protection granted in order to complete the establishment of a Common European Asylum System (CEAS).

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

294 protection A

BG закрила Definition B CS ochrana A concept that encompasses all activities aimed at DE Schutz obtaining full respect for the rights of the individu- C EL προστασία al in accordance with the letter and spirit of human ES protección rights, refugee and international humanitarian law. D ET kaitse FI suojelu Source E FR protection UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms GA cosaint Narrower terms F HU védelem ★★ actor of protection IT protezione G LT apsauga ★★ humanitarian protection ★★ LV aizsardzība international protection ★★ H MT Protezzjoni / Ħarsien regional protection programme ★★ temporary protection NL bescherming I PL ochrona Related term PT protecção ★★ asylum J RO protecţie SK ochrana Note SL zaščita Protection involves creating an environment condu- K SV skydd cive to respect for human beings, preventing and/or NO beskyttelse (b); vern (n) alleviating the immediate effects of a specific pattern L of abuse, and restoring dignified conditions of life through reparation, restitution and rehabilitation. M N

O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

295 Public Register of Authentic Travel and Identity Documents Online (PRADO) P BG Публичен онлайн регистър за автентични Definition документи за пътуване и самоличност A reference database containing information about CS Veřejný rejstřík pravých dokladů totožnosti a authentic travel and identity documents and other cestovních dokladů online important documents issued by authorities from EU DE Öffentliches online-Register echter Identitäts- Member States and Schengen countries and some und Reisedokumente third countries. EL Επιγραμμικό δημόσιο μητρώο γνήσιων εγγράφων ταξιδίου και ταυτότητας Source ES Registro público en línea de documentos Public Register of Authentic travel and identity Docu- auténticos de identidad y de viaje ments Online: official website ET Ehtsate isikut tõendavate ja reisidokumentide avalik veebiregister Synonym FI Julkinen aitojen matkustus- ja ★★ PRADO henkilöasiakirjojenasiakirjojen sähköinen Broader term tietokanta / PRADO ★★ False and Authentic Documents Online (FADO) FR Registre public en ligne de documents authentiques d’identité et de voyage Notes GA an Clár Poiblí ar Líne de Dhoiciméid 1. PRADO is the publically available component of Bharántúla Aitheantais agus Taistil FADO. HU Eredeti/hiteles úti és személyazonosító 2. The database/website contains images and mul- okmányok online nyilvántartása tilingual summary information on some of the most IT Registro pubblico online dei documenti di commonly used identity documents (such as driving identità e di viaggio autentici licences, civil status documents, residence and work LT Autentiškų tapatybės ir kelionės dokumentų permits) of the EU Member States and some third internete viešas registras countries. Users may find a full description of the LV autentisku personu apliecinošu un ceļošanas most important and the easily-checkable security fea- dokumentu publiskais reģistrs tiešsaistē tures of these documents, like watermarks, security MT Reġistru Pubbliku Online ta' Dokumenti threads and more. Awtentiċi tal-Identità u tal-Ivvjaġġar 3. The information is selected and provided by docu- NL Openbaar onlineregister van authentieke reis- ment experts in the EU Member States, IC, NO and CH. en identiteitsdocumenten PL Publiczny Rejestr Autentycznych Dokumentów Tożsamości i Podroży PT Registo Público on-line de Documentos Autênticos de Identidade e de Viagem RO SK Verejný register pravých dokladov totožnosti a cestovných dokladov online SL Spletni dostop do javnega registra pristnih potnih in osebnih dokumentov SV offentligt register över äkta identitets- och resehandlingar online NO nettbasert referansedatabase for identitets- og reisedokumenter (b); nettbasert referansedatabase for identitets- og reisedokument (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

296 pull factor A

BG притегателен фактор Definition B CS pull faktor The condition(s) or circumstance(s) that attract a mi- DE Pull-Faktor grant to another country. C EL πόλος έλξης ES factor de atracción Source D ET tõmbefaktor Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd FI vetotekijä ed., 2011 E FR facteur d’attraction Broader term GA toisc tharraingthe F HU húzó tényező / vonzó tényező / pull-faktor ★★ push-pull factor IT fattore di attrazione Related term G LT traukos veiksnys ★★ push factor LV pievilkšanas faktors H MT Fattur t’attrazzjoni / ta’ ġibda Note NL pull factor / aantrekkende factor As recognised by the project European Reintegration I PL czynnik przyciągający Networking, this can be for a specific or a variety PT fator de atração / pull factor of reasons, e.g. expanding economic opportunities and J RO factor de atragere / pull factor potential for advancement in the country of desti- SK stimulačný faktor / pull faktor nation. SL dejavnik privabljanja K SV pull-faktor NO trekkfaktor L M

push factor N BG отблъскващ фактор Definition O CS push faktor The condition(s) or circumstance(s) in a country of DE Push-Faktor origin that impel or stimulate emigration. EL αιτία φυγής / παράγοντας απώθησης P ES factor de expulsión Source Q ET tõukefaktor Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd FI työntötekijä ed., 2011 FR facteur de répulsion R GA toisc bhrú Broader term HU taszító tényező / push faktor ★★ push-pull factor S IT fattore di spinta Related term T LT stūmimo veiksnys ★★ pull factor LV atgrūšanas faktors MT Fattur ta’ ripulsjoni / ta’ tbarrija Note U NL push factor / afstotende factor As recognised by the project European Reintegra- V PL czynik wypychający tion Networking, this can be for a specific or a vari- PT fator de afastamento / push factor ety of reasons, e.g. declining economic opportunities RO push factor or political instability may stimulate emigration. W SK nútiaci faktor / push faktor SL dejavnik spodbujanja X SV push-faktor NO skyvfaktor (b); skuvfaktor (n) Y

297 Push-pull factor

BG фактори на привличане и отблъскване Definition QCS push-pull faktor R Factors which initiate and influence the decision to DE Push-Pull-Faktor migrate, either by attracting them to another country EL παράγοντες απώθησης και έλξης (pull factors) or by impelling or stimulating emigra- ES factores de expulsión / atracción tion (push factors). ET tõuke-tõmbefaktor FI työntö- ja vetotekijä Source FR facteur de répulsion et d’attraction Developed by EMN GA toisc bhrú is tarraingthe Narrower terms HU taszító-vonzó tényező / push-pull factor IT fattore di spinta-attrazione ★★ pull factor LT stūmimo-traukos veiksnys ★★ push factor LV atgrūšanas-pievilkšanas faktors / motivētājfaktors MT Fattur ta’ ripulsjoni-attrazzjoni / ta’ ġibda- tbarrija NL push-pull factor PL czynnik wypychający i przyciągający PT fator de afastamento - fator de atração RO push-pull factor SK motivačný faktor / push-pull faktor SL dejavnik spodbujanja in privabljanja SV push- och pull-faktor NO skyv-trekk-faktor (b); skuv-trekk-faktor (n)

Quota

BG квота Definition CS kvóta A quantitative restriction in the migration or asylum DE Quote context. EL ποσόστωση ES cuota Source ET piirarv IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 FI kiintiö FR quota Narrower term GA cuóta ★★ immigration quota HU kvóta Related term IT quota ★★ managed migration LT kvota LV kvota Note MT Kwota Many countries establish quotas, or caps, on the num- NL quotum ber of migrants to be admitted each year. PL kwota PT quota RO cotă SK kvóta SL kvota SV kvot NO kvote

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

298 racial discrimination A

BG расова дискриминация Definition B RCS rasová diskriminace Any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference DE rassistische Diskriminierung / based on race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic C Rassendiskriminierung origin which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or EL φυλετική διάκριση impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on D ES discriminación racial an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental ET rassiline diskrimineerimine freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural or E FI rotusyrjintä any other field of public life. FR discrimination raciale F GA idirdhealú ciníoch Source HU faji diszkrimináció Art. 1(1) of UN Convention on the Elimination of All G IT discriminazione razziale Forms of Racial Discrimination LT rasinė diskriminacija Broader term H LV rasu diskriminācija ★★ discrimination MT Diskriminazzjoni razzjali I NL rassendiscriminatie Related terms PL dyskryminacja rasowa ★★ racism J PT discriminação racial ★★ xenophobia RO discriminare rasială SK rasová diskriminácia Notes K SL rasna diskriminacija 1. The Convention does not define 'race' but it does L SV rasdiskriminering define 'racial discrimination'. NO rasediskriminering 2. Distinctions made on the basis of citizenship (that is, between citizens and non-citizens) are specifically M excluded from the definition, as are affirmative action policies and other measures taken to redress imbal- N ances and promote equality. 3. Some institutions such as the United Nations O High Commissoner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the European Asylum Support Office (EASO) use the P term 'discrimination' with the same definition. Q R S T U V W X Y Z

299 racism

BG расизъм Definition R CS rasismus Ideas or theories of superiority of one race or group of DE Rassismus persons of one colour or ethnic origin. EL ρατσισμός ES racismo Source ET rassism Art. 4 of UN Convention on the Elimination of All FI rasismi Forms of Racial Discrimination FR racisme GA ciníochas Related terms HU rasszizmus / fajgyűlölet ★★ racial discrimination IT razzismo ★★ xenophobia LT rasizmas Notes LV rasisms MT Razziżmu 1. Racism can be defined in many ways. A broad, gen- NL racisme eral definition is used here in order to have a common understanding of the concept. However, there is PL rasizm a problem in that the term 'racism' presupposes the PT racismo existence of different races. Recital (6) of Directive RO rasism 2000/43/EC (Racial Equality Directive) states that 'The SK rasizmus European Union rejects theories which attempt to de- SL rasizem termine the existence of separate human races.' SV rasism 2. According to the EU acquis, and specifically NO rasisme Art. 1 of Framework Decision 2008/913/JHA, offences concerning racism and xenophobia are considered to be: a)publicly inciting to violence or hatred directed against a group of persons or a member of such a group defined by reference to race, colour, religion, descent or national or ethnic origin; b)the commission of an act referred to in point (a) by public dissemination or distribution of tracts, pic- tures or other material; c)publicly condoning, denying or grossly trivialising crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes as defined in Articles 6, 7 and 8 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court, directed against a group of persons or a member of such a group defined by reference to race, colour, religion, descent or national or ethnic origin when the conduct is carried out in a manner likely to incite violence or hatred against such a group or a member of such a group; d)publicly condoning, denying or grossly trivialising the crimes defined in Art. 6 of the Charter of the In- ternational Military Tribunal appended to the London Agreement of 8 August 1945, directed against a group of persons or a member of such a group 3. The Council of Europe provides further insight into the understanding of this term.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

300 Rapid Border Intervention Team (RABIT) A

BG Група за бързо реагиране по границата Definition B CS pohraniční jednotka rychlé reakce A mechanism providing rapid operational assistance DE Soforteinsatzteam für Grenzsicherungszwecke for a limited period to a requesting EU Member State C EL Ομάδα ταχείας επέμβασης στα σύνορα facing a situation of urgent and exceptional pressure ES equipos de intervención rápida en frontera at points of the external EU borders from large D ET piirivalve kiirreageerimisrühm numbers of third-country nationals trying to enter FI rajavalvonnan nopean toiminnan joukot the territory of the EU Member State illegally. E FR équipes d’intervention rapide aux frontières GA Foireann Mhear-idirghabhála Teorainneacha Source F HU Gyorsreagálású Határvédelmi Csapatok Art. 1(1) of Council Regulation (EC) No 863/2007 IT Squadra di intervento rapido alle frontiere (Rapid Border Intervention Teams Regulation) G LT Pasienio greitojo reagavimo komanda Synonym LV ātrās reaģēšanas robežapsardzes vienība ★★ RABIT H MT Timijiet t’Intervent Rapidu mal-Fruntieri NL snelle-grensinterventieteams Related term I PL Zespół Szybkiego Reagowania na Granicy ★★ European Border and Coast Guard Agency PT Equipa de Intervenção Rápida nas Fronteiras (Frontex) J RO Echipe de intervenţie rapidă la frontieră SK rýchle pohraničné zásahové tímy SL Skupina za hitro posredovanje na mejah K SV snabba gränsinsatsenheter NO beredskapsgruppe for grensekontroll L M

readmission N BG Реадмисия Definition O CS readmise Act by a State accepting the re-entry of an individual DE Rückübernahme (own national, third-country national or stateless P EL επανεισδοχή person). ES readmisión Q ET tagasivõtmine Source FI takaisinotto IOM Glossary on Migration, 2.ed. 2011 FR réadmission R GA Athligean isteach Narrower term HU visszafogadás ★★ readmission agreement S IT Riammissione Notes T LT readmisija 1. In order to foster the return of migrants who LV atpakaļuzņemšana have been ordered to leave the European Union, the U MT riammissjoni EU co-operates actively with the home countries of NL overname irregular migrants, in particular through EU read- PL mission agreements (EURA). These set out clear ob- V PT Readmissão ligations as well as detailed administrative and oper- RO ational procedures, to facilitate the return and transit W SK readmisia of persons who are irregularly residing. They aim at SL ponovni sprejem improving cooperation between administrations and X SV återtagande can only be used after areturn decision has been NO tilbaketakelse (b); tilbaketaking (n) made in accordance with the procedural guarantees Y set by the Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) and the relevant EU asylum rules. Z 2. Some EU readmission agreements include third country national clauses allowing applications for readmission of persons who do not have the nationality of either of the Parties (including stateless persons) and who transited the territory of one of the Parties. 301

readmission agreement

BG споразумение за реадмисия Definition R CS readmisní dohoda An agreement between the European Union (EU) and/ DE Rückübernahmeabkommen or an EU Member State with a third country, on the EL συμφωνία επανεισδοχής basis of reciprocity, establishing rapid and effective ES acuerdo de readmisión procedures for the identification and safe and orderly ET tagasivõtuleping return of persons who do not, or no longer, fulfil the FI takaisinottosopimus conditions for entry to, presence in, or residence in the FR accord de réadmission territories of the third country or one of the EU Mem- GA comhaontú um athghlactha isteach ber States, and to facilitate the transit of such persons HU visszafogadási egyezmény in a spirit of cooperation. IT accordo di riammissione LT readmisijos susitarimas Source LV atpakaļuzņemšanas nolīgums Preamble to EU Readmission Agreements (e.g. EU Re- MT Ftehim ta’ dħul mill-ġdid / ta’ riammissjoni admission Agreement with Serbia) NL overnameovereenkomst Broader term PL umowa readmisyjna ★★ readmission PT acordo de readmissão RO acord de readmisie Related terms SK readmisná dohoda ★★ return SL sporazum o vračanju oseb ★★ mobility partnership SV återtagandeavtal NO returavtale Notes 1. Readmission agreements concluded between the EU and a third country supersede those of any EU Member State with the same country, although this might not be the case for DK and possibly IE and UK as these EU Member States can choose not to participate in (opt-in to) the relevant EU agreement. 2. For more information, see the website of the Euro- pean Commission on readmission.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

302 real risk of suffering serious harm A

BG реален риск от тежки посегателства Definition B CS hrozba skutečného nebezpečí vážné újmy Risk of serious harm experienced by an applicant DE tatsächliche Gefahr, einen ernsthaften for international protection which is considered to C Schaden zu erleiden be both real and likely to occur. EL πραγματικός κίνδυνος σοβαρής βλάβης D ES riesgo real de sufrir daños graves Source ET reaalne risk tõsise ohu tekkimiseks Developed by EMN E FI todellinen vaara joutua kärsimään vakavaa Broader term haittaa F FR risque réel de subir des atteintes graves ★★ serious harm GA baol iarbhír díobháil thromchúiseach a Related terms G fhulaingt ★★ credibility assessment HU súlyos sérelem elszenvedésének tényleges ★★ well-founded fear of persecution H veszélye IT rischio effettivo di subire un grave danno Notes LT realus pavojus patirti didelę žalą I 1. The likelihood of an applicant for international pro- LV reāls risks ciest smagu kaitējumu tection suffering serious harm is assessed in order J MT Riskju reali / veru li ġġarrab dannu(-i) serju(-i) to provide a standard of proof for assessing eligibil- NL reëel risico op het lijden van ernstige schade ity for subsidiary protection. According to Art. 4(4) K PL rzeczywiste ryzyko doznania poważnej of the Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification krzywdy Directive) on the ‘assessment of facts and circum- L PT risco real de sofrer ofensa grave stances’, earlier serious harm or direct threats are ap- RO risc real de vătămare fizică gravă praised as a ‘serious indication of the applicant’s real SK reálne riziko utrpenia vážneho bezprávia / risk of suffering serious harm, unless there are good M reálne riziko vážneho bezprávia reasons to consider that such persecution or serious SL utemeljeno tveganje resne škode harm will not be repeated’. N SV verklig risk för att lida allvarlig skada 2. The European Court of Human Rights has ruled NO reell fare for alvorlig skade (b); reell fare for in a high number of different cases that there is a vio- O alvorleg skade (n) lation of Art. 3 of the European Convention on Hu- man Rights (ECHR) ‘if substantial grounds have been P shown for believing that the person concerned, if de- ported, faces a real risk of being subjected to treat- Q ment contrary to Art. 3 ECHR’. In light of the Court’s consequent jurisprudence, this standard means that: R a)there is no need for the risk to be very high (no cer- tainty or significant probability requirement); S b)at the same time the risk cannot be a mere possibility (a distant, vague or theoretical alternative). T

U V W X Y Z

303 reception centre

BG приемателен център Definition R CS přijímací středisko A location with facilities for receiving, processing and DE Aufnahmeeinrichtung attending to the immediate needs of refugees or EL κέντρο υποδοχής asylum seekers as they arrive in a country of asy- ES centro de acogida lum. ET vastuvõtukeskus FI vastaanottokeskus Source FR centre d’accueil (pour demandeurs d’asile) UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms GA ionad fáiltithe Broader term HU befogadó állomás IT centro di accoglienza per richiedenti asilo ★★ reception facilities LT priėmimo centras Related term LV uzņemšanas centrs ★★ accommodation centre MT Ċentru ta’ akkoljenza (għal min jitlob l-ażil) NL asielzoekerscentrum (NL); opvangcentrum (BE) Note PL ośrodek recepcyjny For more information on categories of reception cen- PT centro de acolhimento tres available in EU Member States, see EMN: the Or- RO centru de cazare şi proceduri ganisation of Reception Facilities for Asylum Seekers SK prijímacie zariadenie (EU acquis); záchytný in different Member States, 2013. tábor SL nastanitveni center / sprejemni center SV mottagningsenhet NO transittmottak

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

304 reception conditions A

BG условия на приемане Definition B CS podmínky přijetí The full set of measures that EU Member States grant DE Aufnahmebedingungen to applicants for international protection. C EL συνθήκες υποδοχής ES condiciones de acogida Source D ET vastuvõtutingimused Art. 2(f) of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception FI vastaanotto-olosuhteet Conditions Directive) E FR conditions d’accueil Narrower term GA dálaí mpl glactha F HU befogadási feltételek ★★ material reception conditions IT condizioni di accoglienza Note G LT priėmimo sąlygos For more information on reception conditions in the LV uzņemšanas apstākļi (EU acquis); uzņemšanas EU, see EMN: the Organisation of Reception Facilities H nosacījumi for Asylum Seekers in different Member States, 2013. MT Kondizzjonijiet tal-akkoljenza I NL opvangvoorzieningen PL warunki przyjmowania PT condições de acolhimento J RO condiţii de recepţie SK prijímacie podmienky (EU acquis); podmienky K prijímania SL sprejemni pogoji L SV mottagningsvillkor NO mottaksforhold (b); mottakstilhøve (n) M N

reception facilities O

BG приемни съоръжения Definition P CS přijímací zařízení All forms of premises used for the housing of appli- DE Aufnahmeeinrichtungen cants for international protection and other cate- Q EL δομές φιλοξενίας gories of migrants and refugees. ES centros de acogida R ET vastuvõtu majutusasutused Source FI vastaanoton majoitusmuodot Developed by EMN S FR structures d’accueil Narrower terms GA áiseanna fáiltithe T HU befogadó létesítmények ★★ accommodation centre ★★ reception centre IT struttura di accoglienza U LT priėmimo centrai Note LV uzņemšanas telpas For more information on categories of reception V MT Faċilitajiet ta’ akkoljenza facilties available in EU Member States, see EMN: the NL opvangfaciliteiten Organisation of Reception Facilities for Asylum Seek- W PL ośrodki przyjmowania ers in different Member States, 2013. PT instalações de acolhimento RO spaţii de cazare a solicitanţilor de azil X SK azylové zariadenia SL sprejemni prostori Y SV anläggningsboende NO asylmottak Z

305 recognition of foreign qualifications

BG признаване на чуждестранни квалификации Definition R CS uznávání zahraničních kvalifikací A formal acknowledgement by a competent authority DE Anerkennung ausländischer Qualifikationen of the validity of a foreign qualification with a view EL αναγνώριση τίτλων σπουδών της αλλοδαπής to access to educational and/or employment activities. ES reconocimiento de cualificaciones obtenidas en el extranjero Source ET välisriigi kvalifikatsiooni tunnustamine Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘recognition’ in FI Ulkomailla suoritettujen tutkintojen Art. 1 of the Council of Europe Convention on the Rec- kelpoisuuden tunnustaminen työtä tai ognition of Qualifications concerning Higher Education opiskelupaikkaa haettaessa in the European Region FR reconnaissance des qualifications acquises à l’étranger GA aithint cáilíochtaí iasachta HU külföldi képesítések elfogadása IT riconoscimento della qualifica estera LT užsienyje įgytų kvalifikacijų pripažinimas LV ārvalstīs iegūtu kvalifikāciju atzīšana MT Rikonoxximent ta’ kwalifiki barranin NL erkenning van buitenlandse getuigschriften PL uznanie kwalifikacji (zawodowych) cudzoziemca PT reconhecimento de qualificações obtidas no estrangeiro RO recunoaşterea calificărilor din străinătate SK uznávanie odborných kvalifikácií zo zahraničia / uznávanie dokladov o vzdelaní zo zahraničia SL priznavanje tujih kvalifikacij SV erkännande av utländska kvalifikationer NO godkjenning av utenlandske kvalifikasjoner (b); godkjenning av utanlandske kvalifikasjonar (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

306 recognition rate (in procedures for international protection) A

BG ниво на признаване Definition B CS míra kladných rozhodnutí o mezinárodní The number of positive decisions on applications for ochraně international protection as a proportion of the total C DE Anerkennungsrate (in Verfahren auf number of decisions issued for each stage of the internationalen Schutz) procedure (i.e. first instance and final on appeal) in the D EL ποσοστό αναγνώρισης (στις διαδικασίας reference period under review. διεθνούς προστασίας) E ES tasa de reconocimiento (en procedimientos de Sources protección internacional) Derived by EMN from EASO Annual Asylum report and F ET heakskiitmise määr (rahvusvahelise kaitse Eurostat 'Statistics Explained' website menetlustes) G FI hyväksyttyjen turvapaikkahakemusten osuus / Synonyms myönteisten päätölsten osuus (kansainvälisen ★★ asylum recognition rate suojelun menettelyssä) ★★ international protection recognition rate H FR taux de reconnaissance (dans les procédures Notes d'octroi de la protection internationale) I Positive decisions include EU-regulated internation- GA ráta aitheantais (i gcás nósanna imeachta 1. al protection status (refugee status and subsidiary maidir le cosaint idirnáisiúnta) J protection status) and may include non-EU harmo- HU elsimerési arány (nemzetközi védelem nised protection which is understood as authorisation megadására irányuló eljárás során) K to stay for humanitarian reasons under national law. IT tasso di riconoscimento (nelle procedure di The total number of decisions (positive decisions protezione internazionale) 2. L and rejections) includes all formal decisions such as LT teigiamų sprendimų suteikti prieglobstį e.g. implicit and explicit withdrawals, Dublin cases or procentas M closed cases for administrative reasons (e.g. the ap- LV atzīšanas rādītājs plicant has died,. MT rata ta' rikonoxximent (fil-proċeduri għal N 3. Eurostat defines the (asylum) recognition rate as protezzjoni internazzjonali) "the share of positive decisions in the total number of NL erkenningsgraad / beschermingsgraad asylum decisions for each stage of the asylum proce- O PL poziom uznawalności (w procedurze dure (i.e. first instance and final on appeal)". The total udzielenia ochrony międzynarodowej) number of decisions consists of the sum of positive P PT taxa de reconhecimento (no procedimento de and negative decisions. Calculation of the overall rec- concessão e retirada do estatuto de proteção ognition rate for all stages of the asylum procedure Q internacional) cannot be made due to lacking information linking the RO outcomes at first instance and final on appeal for each R SK miera uznania / miera uznaných žiadostí (v person concerned. As some of the applicants rejected konaniach o medzinárodnej ochrane) at the first instance and who lodged an appeal in the S SL odstotek priznanih stausov mednarodne same year receive a final negative decision, it would zaščite lead to multiplication of some rejected applicants and T SV andelen beviljade ansökningar om would cause underestimation of the overall recogni- internationellt skydd tion rate. Final decisions on appeal statistics broken U NO andel positive vedtak (etter søknad om down by the year of the first instance rejection would internasjonal beskyttelse) (b); del av be required to avoid this multiplication. vedtaka som er positive (etter søknad om V internasjonalt vern) (n) W X Y Z

307 re-entry

BG повторно влизане Definition R CS opětovný vstup In the context of Directive 2016/801/EU (Recast Re- DE Wiedereinreise searcher's Directive), the return of a researcher or EL επανείσοδος a student from a second EU Member State in which ES re-entrada they have been residing for up to 180 days (in re- ET taassisenemine, korduv sisenemine spect of the conditions for mobility permitted by this FI paluu Directive) to the EU Member State in which they were FR nouvelle entrée originally authorised to stay following the withdrawal GA athiontráil or expiration of the period of mobility by the second HU újbóli belépés EU Member State. IT Reingresso LT pakartotinis atvykimas Source LV atkārtota ieceļošana Derived by EMN on the basis of Recital 50 and Art. MT dħul mill-ġdid 28 of Directive 2016/801/EU (Recast Researcher's Di- NL het opnieuw toelaten (op het grondgebied van rective) de vreemdeling Notes PL ponowny wjazd; ponowne przekroczenie granicy 1. Where re-entry is authorised, the first EU Member PT reentrada State should issue the researcher or student with a RO document allowing re-entry to its territory. SK opätovný vstup 2. When re-entry to the first EU Member State is not SL ponovni vstop authorised, it is possible for the second EU Member SV återresa State to return the researcher or the student to a third NO retur til et EU-/EFTA-land (b); country in accordance with Directive 2008/115/EC retur til eit EU-/EFTA-land (n) (Return Directive) whether in voluntary or enforced compliance with an obligation to return.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

308 reflection period A

BG период за размисъл Definition B CS tzv. doba na rozmyšlení A period of time determined according to national law DE Bedenkzeit granted to third-country nationals officially identi- C EL προθεσμία περίσκεψης fied as victims oftrafficking in human beings al- ES período de reflexión lowing the victim to recover and escape the influence D ET järelemõtlemisaeg of the perpetrators of the offences so that they can FI harkinta-aika take an informed decision as to whether (or not) to E FR délai de réflexion cooperate with the competent authorities. GA tréimhse mhachnaimh F HU mérlegelési idő / gondolkodási idő Source IT Periodo di riflessione Derived by EMN from Art. 6(1) of Council Directive G LT apsisprendimo laikotarpis 2004/81/EC (Directive on the residence permit issued LV nogaidīšanas periods to third-country nationals who are victims of traffick- H MT perjodu ta' riflessjoni ing in human beings or who have been the subject of an action to facilitate illegal immigration, NL bedenktijd I PL czas na zastanowienie się Broader term PT período de reflexão ★★ identified victim of trafficking in human beings J RO SK lehota na rozmyslenie Note K SL obdobje za razmislek This term refers specifically to the context of traffick- SV betänketid ing in human beings, though 'reflection period' can be L NO refleksjonsperiode used in other national contexts with a less specific meaning. M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

309 refugee

BG бежанец Definitions R CS uprchlík In the global context, either a person who, owing to a DE Flüchtling / Geflüchteter well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of EL πρόσφυγας race, religion, nationality, political opinion or mem- ES refugiado bership of a particular social group, is outside the ET pagulane country of nationality and is unable or, owing to FI pakolainen such fear, is unwilling to avail themselves of the pro- FR réfugié tection of that country, or a stateless person, who, GA dídeanaí being outside of the country of former habitual resi- HU menekült dence for the same reasons as mentioned before, is IT rifugiato unable or, owing to such fear, unwilling to return to it. LT pabėgėlis LV bēglis In the EU context, either a third-country national MT Rifuġjat(a) who, owing to a well-founded fear of persecution NL vluchteling for reasons of race, religion, nationality, political opin- PL uchodźca ion or membership of a particular social group, is out- PT refugiado side the country of nationality and is is unable or, RO refugiat owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail themselves of SK utečenec (EU acquis); azylant the protection of that country, or a stateless person, SL begunec who, being outside of the country of former habitual SV flykting residence for the same reasons as mentioned above, NO flyktning is unable or, owing to such fear, unwilling to return to it, and to whom Art. 12 (Exclusion) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) does not apply. Sources Global context: Art. 1A of the Geneva Refugee Conven- tion and Protocol EU context: Art. 2(d) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) Broader term ★★ forced migrant Narrower terms ★★ Convention refugee ★★ prima facie refugee ★★ resettled refugee Related terms ★★ applicant for international protection ★★ asylum-seeker ★★ displaced person Note Whereas the exclusion clauses are an integral part of the refugee definition of Directive 2011/95/EU (Re- cast Qualification Directive), the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol refers to the exclusion clauses in its Articles 1D, 1E and 1F (see also the definition of 'exclusion clause').

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

310 refugee in orbit A

BG no translation Definition B CS refugee in orbit (no translation) A refugee who, although not returned directly to a DE refugee in orbit (no usual translation) country where they may be persecuted, is denied asy- C EL πρόσφυγας σε τροχιά lum or unable to find a State willing to examine their ES refugiados en órbita request, and are shuttled from one country to another D ET ringlev pagulane (no usual translation) in a constant search for asylum. FI kiertävä pakolainen E FR réfugié en orbite Source GA dídeanaí ag fithisiú UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminol- F HU no usual translation ogy IT rifugiato vagante Related terms G LT pabėgėlis orbitoje ★★ LV riņķojošs bēglis de facto refugee ★★ H MT Rifuġjat(a) f’orbita / f’limbu postponement of removal NL vluchteling in orbit I PL uchodźca na orbicie / refugee in orbit PT refugiado em órbita J RO refugiat pe orbită SK utečenec v pohybe / refugee in orbit SL refugee in orbit / tavajoči begunec K SV flykting på väg / flykting som slussas mellan länder L NO videresendt flyktning (b); vidaresend flyktning (n) M N

refugee in transit O

BG no translation Definition P CS refugee in transit (no translation) A refugee who is temporarily admitted in the territory DE refugee in transit (no usual translation) of a State under the condition that they are resettled Q EL πρόσφυγας σε ζώνη διέλευσης elsewhere. ES refugiado en tránsito ET transiidipagulane (no usual translation) Source R FI kauttakulkupakolainen UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminol- S FR réfugié en transit ogy GA dídeanaí idirthurais Related terms T HU no usual translation IT rifugiato in transito ★★ resettled refugee LT tranzitinis pabėgėlis ★★ resettlement U LV tranzītbēglis Notes MT Rifuġjat(a) fi tranżitu V NL vluchteling in transit 1. This term is currently little used in the EU. The term should not be confused with refugees PL uchodźca w tranzycie 2. W who stay in the transit area of an airport. PT refugiado em trânsito RO refugiaţi admişi în vederea relocării (used X when refering to refugees in Emergency Transit Centre in Timişoara) Y SK utečenec v tranzite / tranzitujúci utečenec SL begunec v tranzitu Z SV transitflykting NO flyktning i transitt

311 refugee law

BG бежанско право Definition R CS uprchlické právo The body of customary international and European DE Flüchtlingsrecht Union (EU) law and instruments that establish stand- EL Δίκαιο Προσφύγων/ Προσφυγικό Δίκαιο ards for refugee protection. ES legislación de asilo ET varjupaigaõigus Source FI pakolaisoikeus Derived by EMN from UNHCR Master Glossary of FR droit des réfugiés Terms GA dlíthe um dhídeanaithe Synonym HU menekültjog IT legislazione sull’asilo ★★ international refugee law LT pabėgėlių teisė Narrower term LV bēgļu tiesības ★★ Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol MT Liġi / Att dwar ir-rifuġjati NL vluchtelingenrecht Related term PL prawo uchodźcze ★★ human rights law PT legislação de asilo e proteção internacional Note RO legislaţia cu privire la refugiaţi SK utečenecké právo The cornerstone of refugee law is the Geneva Refu- SL begunsko pravo gee Convention and Protocol. SV flyktingrätt NO flyktningrett

refugee status

BG статут на бежанец Definition CS postavení uprchlíka The recognition by an EU Member State of a DE Flüchtlingsstatus third-country national or stateless person as a EL καθεστώς πρόσφυγα refugee. ES estatuto de refugiado ET pagulasseisund Source FI pakolaisasema Art. 2(e) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification FR statut de réfugié Directive) GA stádas dídeanaí Broader term HU menekült státusz IT status di rifugiato ★★ international protection LT pabėgėlio statusas Related terms LV bēgļa statuss ★★ beneficiary of international protection MT Status ta’ rifuġjat(a) ★★ Convention refugee NL vluchtelingenstatus ★★ withdrawal of refugee status PL status uchodźcy ★★ subsidiary protection status PT estatuto de refugiado RO statutul de refugiat SK postavenie utečenca (EU acquis); status utečenca / štatút utečenca SL status begunca SV flyktingstatus NO flyktningstatus

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

312 refugee sur place A

BG бежанец на място / бежанец sur place Definitions B CS uprchlík na místě / uprchlík sur place In the global context, a person who is not a refugee DE Flüchtling sur place when they leave their country of origin, but who be- C EL επί τόπου πρόσφυγας comes a refugee, that is, acquires a well-founded ES refugiado sobrevenido fear of persecution, at a later date. D ET sur place pagulane FI sur place -pakolainen In the EU context, a person granted refugee status E FR réfugié sur place based on international protection needs which GA dídeanaí sur place arose sur place, i.e. on account of events which took F HU sur place menekült place after they left their country of origin. IT rifugiato sur place G LT pabėgėlis sur place Sources LV bēglis sur place Global context: UNHCR International Thesaurus of H MT Rifuġjat(a) sur place Refugee Terminology EU context: Derived by EMN from Art. 5 of Directive NL vluchteling sur place; réfugié sur place (NL) I PL uchodźca sur place / uchodźca na miejscu 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) PT refugiado sur place Synonym J RO refugiat sur place ★★ objective grounds for seeking asylum occurring af- SK utečenec sur place / utečenec na mieste ter the applicant’s departure from their country of SL K begunec sur place origin SV sur place-flykting NO sur place-flyktning Note L Refugees sur place may owe their fear of persecution M to a coup d’état in their home country, or to the introduction or intensification of repressive or persecutory N policies after their departure. A claim in this category may also be based on bona fide political activities, undertaken in the country of residence or refuge. O P

Q R S T U V W X Y Z

313 refusal of entry

BG отказ за влизане Definitions R CS odmítnutí vstupu In the global context, refusal of entry of a person who DE Verweigerung der Einreise (EU acquis); does not fulfil all the entry conditions laid down in the Einreiseverbot (DE) national legislation of the country for which entry is EL απαγόρευση εισόδου requested. ES denegación de entrada ET sisenemiskeeld / isiku riiki mittelubamine In the EU context, refusal of entry of a third-country FI käännyttäminen / pääsyn epääminen national at the external EU border because they FR refus d'entrée do not fulfil all the entry conditions laid down in Art. GA náisiúnaigh tríú tír ar diúltaíodh iontráil dóibh 5(1) of Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen Border HU beléptetés megtagadása Code) and do not belong to the categories of persons IT respingimento (rifiuto di ingresso) referred to in Art. 5(4) of that Regulation. LT neįleidimas LV ieceļošanas atteikums Sources MT Dħul miċħud / Tbarrija Global context: Developed by EMN NL toegangsweigering EU context: Derived by EMN from the definition for PL odmowa wjazdu ‘third-country nationals refused entry’ in Art. 2(q) of PT recusa de entrada a nacional de estado Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration Statistics terceiro Regulation) RO refuzarea intrării Related terms SK odopretie vstupu ★★ border control SL zavrnitev vstopa ★★ external EU border SV avvisning ★★ internal EU border NO innreisenekt ★★ irregular entry ★★ legal entry

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

314 regional protection programme A

BG регионална програма за закрила Definition B CS program regionální ochrany A programme designed to enhance the capacity of DE Regionales Schutzprogramm non-EU countries in the regions from which many C EL περιφερειακό πρόγραμμα προστασίας refugees originate, or through which they pass in ES programa regional de protección transit, with the aim to improve refugee protection D ET piirkondlik kaitsekava through durable solutions (return, local integra- FI alueellinen suojeluohjelma tion and resettlement in a third country). E FR programme régional de protection GA Clár Cosanta Réigiúnaí Source F HU Regionális Védelmi Program Derived by EMN from the Communication from the IT programma di protezione regionale Commission to the Council and the European Parlia- G LT regioninė apsaugos programa ment on regional protection programmes, COM(2005) LV reģionālās aizsardzības programma 388 final H MT Programm ta’ protezzjoni reġjonali Broader term NL regionaal beschermingsprogramma ★★ protection I PL program ochrony regionalnej PT programa regional de proteção Related terms J RO program de protecţie regională ★★ durable solutions SK regionálny program ochrany ★★ resettlement SL regionalni program zaščite K SV regionalt skyddsprogram Notes L NO regionalt program om beskyttelse (b); 1. The first two regional protection programmes tar- regionalt program om vern (n) geted Eastern Europe (in particular Belarus, the Re- public of Moldova and Ukraine) as a region of transit M and the African Great Lakes Region (particularly Tan- zania) as a region of origin. N 2. For further information, see the website of DG Mi- gration and Home Affairs. O P

regularisation Q BG узаконяване Definition R CS regularizace / legalizace pobytu In the EU context, state procedure by which illegally DE Legalisierung / Regularisierung staying third-country nationals are awarded a le- S EL νομιμοποίηση gal status. ES regularización T ET seadustamine Source FI laillistaminen ICMPD: Study on Regularisations in Europe, 2009 U FR régularisation GA tabhairt chun rialtachta Synonyms ★★ V HU legalizálás amnesty (in the context of migration) IT regolarizzazione ★★ legalisation LT reguliarizacija W LV legalizācija MT Regolarizzazzjoni X NL regularisatie PL regularyzacja Y PT regularização RO regularizare / legalizare Z SK legalizácia / regularizácia SL regularizacija SV regularisering NO regularisering 315

reintegration

BG реинтеграция Definition R CS reintegrace Re-inclusion or re-incorporation of a person into a DE Reintegration group or a process, e.g. of a migrant into the society EL επανένταξη of their country of return. ES reintegración ET taaslõimumine Source FI uudelleen kotouttaminen Derived by the EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, FR réintégration (acquis UE, BE, LU); réinsertion 2nd ed., 2011 (FR) GA athimeascadh Related terms HU reintegráció (visszailleszkedés) ★★ integration IT reintegrazione ★★ return LT reintegracija LV reintegrācija MT Riintegrazzjoni NL reïntegratie PL reintegracja PT reintegração RO reintegrare SK reintegrácia SL reintegracija / ponovna integracija SV återintegrering NO reintegrering

reintegration assistance

BG реинтеграционна подкрепа Definition CS reintegrační asistence Support either cash, in kind or combined, provided by a DE Reintegrationshilfe host country to a returnee, with the aim of helping EL βοήθεια για την επανένταξη the returnee to lead an independent life afterreturn. ES Ayuda a la reintegración ET reintegratsioonitoetus Source FI uudelleenkotouttamistuki Developed by the EMN REG FR assistance à la réintégration (acquis UE, BE, LU); aide à la réinsertion (FR) Broader term GA cúnamh ath-imeasctha ★★ assisted voluntary return HU reintegrációs támogatás Related terms IT assistenza alla reintegrazione ★★ reintegration LT reintegracijos pagalba ★★ return programme LV reintegrācijas palīdzība MT għajnuna għar-riintegrazzjoni Note NL reïntegratiesteun The reintegration package often consists of in cash PL pomoc reintegracyjna and/or in-kind assistance (including counselling, refer- PT assistência à reintegração ral and assistance). The assistance can be provided RO before return (e.g. preparatory vocational training in SK reintegračná pomoc / pomoc pri reintegrácii / the host country in view of a return) or afterwards. reintegračná asistencia SL pomoč za reintegracijo SV återetableringsstöd NO hjelp til reintegrering

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

316 rejected applicant for international protection A

BG отхвърлен кандидат за международна Definition B закрила A person covered by a first instance decision reject- CS žadatel o mezinárodní ochranu, jehož žádost ing an application for international protection, C byla zamítnuta including decisions considering applications as inad- DE abgelehnter Antragsteller auf internationalen missible or as unfounded and decisions under priority D Schutz and accelerated procedures, taken by administrative EL απορριφθείς αιτών διεθνούς προστασίας or judicial bodies during the reference period. E ES solicitante al que se le ha denegado la protección internacional Source F ET tagasilükatud rahvusvahelise kaitse taotleja Art. 4(2a) of Regulation 862/2007 (Migration Statis- FI kielteisen päätöksen saanut kansainvälisen tics Regulation) G suojelun hakija Synonyms FR demandeur de protection internationale H débouté ★★ failed applicant of international protection GA iarratasóir ar diúltaíodh cosaint idirnáisiúnta ★★ failed asylum seeker dó ★★ rejected applicant I HU elutasított menedékkérő Broader terms J IT richiedente protezione internazionale respinto ★★ applicant for international protection LT asmuo, kuriam tarptautinė apsauga ★★ asylum seeker nesuteikta (EU acquis); asmuo, kuriam K prieglobstis nesuteiktas LV persona, kurai atteikts piešķirt starptautisko L aizsardzību MT Applikant(a) għall-protezzjoni internazzjonali M respint(a) / miċħud(a) NL afgewezen verzoeker om internationale N bescherming PL osoba, której wniosek o objęcie ochroną O międzynardową został odrzucony PT requerente a quem é recusada a proteção P internacional RO solicitant al protecţiei internaţionale respins / Q a cărui cerere a fost respinsă SK neúspešný žiadateľ o medzinárodnú ochranu / R neúspešný žiadateľ o udelenie medzinárodnej ochrany / žiadateľ o medzinárodnú ochranu, S ktorému bola žiadosť zamietnutá / žiadateľ o udelenie medzinárodnej ochrany, ktorému T bola žiadosť zamietnutá SL zavrnjeni prosilec za mednarodno zaščito SV person som omfattas av beslut om avslag på U ansökan om internationellt skydd NO person med avslag på søknad om V internasjonal beskyttelse (b); person med avslag på søknad om internasjonalt vern (n) W X

Y Z

317 relocation

BG преместване/ релокация Broader term R CS relokace ★★ emergency response system DE Umsiedlung (EU-acquis); Umverteilung EL μετεγκατάσταση Related terms ES reubicación ★★ beneficiary of subsidiary protection ET ümberpaigutamine ★★ Convention refugee FI sisäinen siirto ★★ resettlement FR relocalisation GA athshocrú Notes HU relokáció / áthelyezés 1. Relocation is an intra-EU solidarity tool enabling the IT ricollocazione transfer of persons having already international pro- LT perkėlimas tection status and of those who are in need of inter- LV pārcelšana national protection from one EU Member State to an- MT rilokazzjoni other EU Member State, CH and NO participate as well. NL herplaatsing 2. Directive 2001/55/EC (Temporary Protection Direc- PL relokacja tive) promotes in its Art. 1 in the event of a mass PT recolocação influx of displaced persons from third countries RO relocare a balance of effort between EU Member States in SK premiestnenie (EU acquis); relokácia receiving and bearing the consequences of receiving SL premestitev such persons. SV omplacering 3. The EU emergency relocation programme was im- NO relokalisering plemented on the basis of two Council Decisions in September 2015 and 2016 in the context of Art. 78(3) Definitions TFEU, which allows the Council to adopt provisional In the general EU-context, the transfer of persons measures in emergency situations as part of the having a status defined by theGeneva Refugee emergency response system meaning a temporary Convention and Protocol or subsidiary protec- distribution scheme for persons in clear need of in- tion within the meaning of Directive 2011/95/EU ternational protection to ensure a fair and balanced (Recast Qualification Directive) from the EU Member participation of all EU Member States to this common State which granted them international protec- effort, as indicated in the European Agenda on Mi- tion to another EU Member State where they will gration of 13 May 2015. It was intended to alleviate be granted similar protection, and of persons hav- the frontline EU Member States GR and IT from the ing applied for international protection from the EU disproportionate number of applicants for interna- Member State which is responsible for examining tional protection who arrived on their territories in their application to another EU Member State where 2015-2016. Eligibility for the EU emergency reloca- their applications for international protection tion programme was limited to applicants who were will be examined. in clear need of international protection and were na- In the context of the EU emergency relocation pro- tionals or stateless residents of those countries for gramme, the transfer of persons in clear need of which the EU-wide average recognition rate among international protection, as defined in Council Deci- decisions taken at first instance was 75 per cent or sions 2015/1601 and 2016/1754, having applied for higher. The emergency relocation programme ended international protection from the EU Member State, as of 26 September 2017. CH or NO where their application for international 4. Relocation should not be confused with resettle- protection will be examined. ment which is an international solidarity and responsibility-sharing mechanism including the selection and Sources transfer of refugees of any nationality, on a request General EU context: DG Home e-Library Glossary from the United Nations High Commissioner for Context of EU emergency relocation proramme: Refugees (UNHCR), from a State in which they have Council Decision (EU) 2015/1601 establishing provi- sought protection to a third state which has agreed sional measures in the area of international protec- to admit them as refugees with permanent residence tion for the benefit of Italy and Greece status. For further information see the entry ‘resettle- and Council Decision (EU) 2016/1754 ment’ in this glossary.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION Synonym ★★ emergency relocation

318 remain in the Member State A BG оставане в държава-членка Definition B CS setrvat v členském státě To remain in the territory, including at the border or DE Verbleib im EU-Mitgliedstaat in transit zones, of the EU Member State in which the C EL παραμονή σε κράτος μέλος application for international protection has been ES permanecer en el territorio del Estado made or is being examined. D Miembro ET liikmesriiki jääma Source E FI jääminen jäsenvaltioon Art. 2(p) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Pro- FR rester dans l’État membre cedures Directive) F GA fanacht sa bhallstát HU a tagállam területén marad G IT permanenza nello Stato membro LT likti valstybėje narėje H LV palikt uz dzīvi dalībvalstī MT Jibqa’/Tibqa’ fl-Istat Membru I NL in de lidstaat blijven PL pozostawać w państwie członkowskim PT permanecer num Estado Membro J RO a rămâne pe teritoriu SK zostať v členskom štáte K SL ostati v državi članici SV stanna kvar i medlemsstaten L NO fortsatt opphold (b); vidare opphald (n) M

remittance N O BG парични трансфери на емигранти Definitions CS remitence In the global context, a cross-border person-to-person P DE Rücküberweisung payment of relatively low value. EL έμβασμα ES remesas In the EU context, a financial transfer from amigrant Q ET rahaülekanded to a beneficiary(ies) in the migrant’scountry of or- FI rahalähetys igin. R FR envois de fonds GA seoltán Sources S HU hazautalás Global context: World Bank: Committee on Payment IT rimessa and Settlement System: General principles for remit- T LT pinigų perlaidos tances, January 2007, p. 6 LV naudas pārvedumi EU context: Footnote 7 of COM(2005) 390 U MT Trasferimenti / Bgħit ta’ flus (minn migranti Related term lejn benefiċjarji f’pajjiżhom) ★★ circular migration V NL geldovermaking / geldoverdracht / geldtransfer W PL przekazy pienieżne / transfery pieniężne PT remessas X RO remitenţă SK remitencie Y SL nakazilo SV överföring Z NO pengeoverføringer (b); pengeoverføringar (n)

319 removal

BG извеждане Definitions R CS vyhoštění In the global context, the act of a state in the exercise DE Abschiebung of its sovereignty in removing an alien from its ter- EL απομάκρυνση ritory to a certain place after refusal of admission or ES expulsión termination of permission to remain. ET väljasaatmine FI maasta poistaminen In the EU context, the enforcement of the obligation to FR éloignement return, namely the physical transportation out of the GA aistriú EU Member State. HU kitoloncolás IT allontanamento Sources LT išsiuntimas Global context: UNHCR International Thesaurus of LV piespiedu izraidīšana Refugee Terminology MT Tneħħija EU-context: Art. 3(5) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return NL uitzetting / verwijdering Directive) PL odesłanie (wyjazd) Synonym PT afastamento ★★ deportation RO Îndepărtare de pe teritoriu / returnare SK odsun Broader term SL odstranitev ★★ forced return SV avlägsnande NO uttransportering Narrower term ★★ removal order Related terms ★★ expulsion ★★ return decision ★★ voluntary departure Notes 1. Under EU legislation, removal is a specific form of forced return. 2. While deportation and removal often are understood as synonyms, deportation is not used as a legal term in all EU Member States (only DE, FI, IE and UK define 'deportation' in their legislation) and is only applicable as a general concept by the public, sometimes with a negative connotation. Because of this variation, ‘removal ‘ is the preferred term to use. 3. In DE deportation and removal are defined in legislation (Sect. 57 and 58 of the Residence Act) and have different meanings. In FI deportation is synonymous with removal only in cases of a foreign citizen who: - resides in the country under a fixed term or permanent residence permit issued by Finnish authorities; - resides in the country and whose residence has been registered as provided in this Act; or - continues to reside in the country after his or her residence permit, registered residence or residence card has expired (Sect. 143 of the Finnish Aliens' Act).

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

320 removal order A

BG заповед за извеждане Definition B CS rozhodnutí o vyhoštění An administrative or judicial decision or act ordering DE Abschiebungsanordnung a removal. C EL εντολή απομάκρυνσης / εκτέλεση μέτρου απομάκρυνσης / μέτρο απομάκρυνσης Source D ES orden de expulsión Art. 8(3) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) ET väljasaatmisotsus E FI maastapoistamismääräys Synonym ★★ deportation order FR mesure d’éloignement F GA ordú aistrithe Broader terms HU kitoloncolásról szóló határozat ★★ removal G IT provvedimento di allontanamento ★★ return decision LT nurodymas išsiųsti H LV lēmums par piespiedu izraidīšanu Related term MT Ordni ta’ tneħħija ★★ expulsion decision I NL uitzettingsbevel / verwijderingsmaatregel; bevel om het grondgebied te verlaten (BE) Note PL decyzja nakazująca wyjazd For some EU Member States, a return decision and J PT decisão de afastamento removal order may occur within one administrative RO decizie de returnare sub escortă or judicial act as provided for in their national legis- K SK príkaz na odsun / príkaz na vyhostenie lation. SL nalog za odstranitev L SV beslut om avlägsnande NO vedtak om uttransportering M N

remunerated trainee O

BG платен стажант Definition P CS placený stážista A third-country national who has been admitted to DE bezahlter Auszubildender the territory of an EU Member State for a training pe- Q EL αμειβόμενος εκπαιδευόμενος riod with remuneration in accordance with its national ES persona en prácticas remuneradas legislation. R ET tasustatud praktikant FI palkallinen harjoittelija Source S FR stagiaire rémunéré Derived by EMN from the definition for ‘unremunerat- GA oiliúnaí a fhaigheann luach saothair ed trainee’ in Art. 2(d) of Council Directive 2004/114/ T HU javadalmazásban részesülő (fizetett) EC (Student Migration Directive) gyakornok Broader term U IT apprendista retribuito ★★ trainee LT atlygintinas stažuotojas V LV algots praktikants / stažieris Related term MT Persuna titħarreġ bi ħlas ★★ unremunerated trainee W NL bezoldigd stagiair PL stażysta pobierający wynagrodzenie X PT estagiário remunerado RO stagiar remunerat SK platený stážista Y SL plačani pripravnik SV avlönad praktikant Z NO lønnet praktikant (b); lønt praktikant (n)

321 repatriation

BG репатриране Definition R CS repatriace The personal right of a refugee or a prisoner of war DE Repatriierung to return to their country of nationality under spe- EL επαναπατρισμός cific conditions laid down in various international in- ES repatriación struments and human rights instruments as well as in ET tagasipöördumine / repatrieerumine customary international law. FI paluu, palauttaminen FR rapatriement Source GA aisdúichiú IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 HU hazatelepítés Notes IT rimpatrio LT repatriacija 1. This is not a synonym relating to forced return. LV repatriācija 2. The option of repatriation is bestowed upon the in- MT Ripatrijazzjoni dividual personally and not upon the detaining power. NL repatriëring / naar het land van herkomst In the law of international armed conflict, repatria- terugkeren / terugbrengen tion also entails the obligation of the detaining pow- PL repatriacja er to release eligible persons (soldiers and civilians) PT repatriamento and the duty of the country of origin to receive its RO repatriere own nationals at the end of hostilities. Even if treaty SK repatriácia law does not contain a general rule on this point, it is SL repatriacija today readily accepted that the repatriation of pris- SV återvandring oners of war and civil detainees has been consent- NO repatriering ed to implicitly by the interested parties. Repatriation as a term also applies to diplomatic envoys and international officials in times of international crisis as well as expatriates and migrants. 3. Depending on the EU Member State, this term has different meanings / connotations: in PL, RO, NL, NO this refers specifically to repatriating their nationals back to PL, RO, NL, NO respectively. In ES, IE, IT, UK, it is often used in the context of returning third-country nationals to their country of origin. In EE, the term refers specifically to persons of Estonia or ethnic Es- tonians’ resettlement to Estonia. In LV, the term refers specifically to the persons of Latvian or Liiv origin to resettle with permanent residence in Latvia. In PT, the term has no legal concept, being used more as a sociological term. It is commonly used to refer to Portuguese citizens that return to Portugal, including being forced to return. 4. The term should not be confused with ‘voluntary repatriation’ which is according to the UNHCR Inter- national Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology defined as follows: ‘Return to the country of origin on the basis of the freely expressed willingness of the refugees’. The returns have to take place in conditions of safety, dignity and security. The principle of ‘voluntariness’ must be viewed in relation to both: conditions in the country of origin (calling for an informed decision) and the situation in the country of asylum (permitting a free choice). For more information, see UNHCR: Vol- untary Repatriation: International Protection – handbook, 1996. ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

322 repatriation assistance A BG помощ за репатриране Definition B CS podpora osobám, které se chtějí dobrovolně Financial or in-kind assistance to beneficiaries of in- vrátit do země původu ternational protection who are in the possession C DE Rückkehrhilfe für Personen, denen of a long-term residence permit and who wish to internationaler Schutz zuerkannt wurde; return to their country of origin. D Rückkehrhilfe für Asylberechtigte (AT) EL βοήθεια για επαναπατρισμό Source E ES asistencia al retorno Derived by EMN from Art. 35 of Directive 2011/95/EU ET repatrieerimise abi (Recast Qualification Directive) F FI paluumuuttoavustus Synonym FR aide au rapatriement (acquis UE, BE, LU) / aide G au retour (FR) ★★ repatriation support GA cúnamh aisdúichithe Note H HU hazatelepülési támogatás Such repatriation assistance exists in DK, FI, NO and IT Assistenza al rimpatrio SE. LT pagalba repatrijuoti I LV repatriācijas palīdzība MT assistenza ta' ripatrijazzjoni J NL ondersteuning bij repatriëring / ondersteuning bij terugkeer naar het land van herkomst K PL pomoc w powrocie do kraju pochodzenia PT assistência à repatriação de beneficiários de L proteção internacional RO M SK pomoc pri repatriácii SL pomoč pri repatriaciji N SV återvandringsbidrag NO returhjelp til opprinnelsesland (b); O returhjelp til opphavsland (n) P

representative Q R BG представител Definition CS zástupce A person or an organisation appointed by the com- S DE Vertreter (EU acquis); Stellvertreter (DE) petent bodies in order to assist and represent an un- EL εκπρόσωπος accompanied minor in procedures provided for in T ES representante legal Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Di- ET esindaja rective) with a view to ensuring the best interests of U FI edustaja the child and exercising legal capacity for the minor FR représentant where necessary. GA ionadaí V HU képviselő Source IT rappresentante Art. 2(n) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Pro- W LT atstovas cedures Directive) LV pārstāvis X Related term MT Rappreżentant legali / Kuratur legali ★★ unaccompanied minor NL vertegenwoordiger Y PL przedstawiciel Note PT representante legal Z Where an organisation is appointed as a representa- RO reprezentant legal tive, it shall designate a person responsible for carry- SK zástupca ing out the duties of representative in respect of the SL predstavnik / zastopnik unaccompanied minor. SV företrädare NO representant 323

researcher

BG научен работник Definition R CS výzkumný pracovník In the EU migration context, a third-country nation- DE Forscher al holding an appropriate higher education qualifica- EL ερευνητής tion, which gives access to doctoral programmes, who ES investigador is selected by a research organisation for carrying out ET teadlane a research project for which the above qualification is FI tutkija normally required. FR chercheur GA taighdeoir Source HU kutató Art. 2(d) of Council Directive 2005/71/EC (Researchers IT ricercatore Directive) LT tyrėjas Related terms LV pētnieks ★★ MT Riċerkatur (-triċi) school pupil ★★ student NL onderzoeker ★★ unremunerated trainee PL naukowiec PT investigador RO cercetător SK výskumník / výskumný pracovník SL raziskovalec SV forskare NO forsker (b); forskar (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

324 resettled refugee A

BG презаселен бежанец Synonyms B CS přesídlený uprchlík ★★ Programme refugee DE neuangesiedelter Flüchtling ★★ quota refugee C EL πρόσφυγας που επανεγκαθίσταται ★★ resettled person ES refugiado reasentado D ET ümberasustatud pagulane Broader term FI uudelleensijoitettu pakolainen ★★ refugee E FR réfugié réinstallé Related terms GA dídeanaí athlonnaithe F HU áttelepített menekült ★★ refugee in transit ★★ resettlement IT rifugiato reinsediato G LT perkeltas pabėgėlis Notes LV pārmitināts bēglis H MT rifuġjat(a) risistemat(a) 1. It is the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) that, together with the relevant NL uitgenodigde vluchteling (NL); hervestigde I vluchteling (BE) authorities in the State concerned, decides which refugees should be accepted; their refugee status is es- PL przesiedlony uchodźca tablished by the UNHCR and accepted by the State PT refugiado reinstalado J in advance of entering the State. RO refugiat relocat 2. In some cases, national authorities assess in addi- SK presídlená osoba / presídlený utečenec / K tion as to whether the person concerned is a refugee. presídlenec 3. There are different terms used in EU Member SL preseljeni begunec L States depending on different legal concepts. In some SV kvotflykting Member States such refugees are accepted as part NO overføringsflyktning M of a yearly resettlement programme. Definitions 4. IE uses the term ‘programme refugee’ in a wider N In the global context, a refugee who is identified by context than ‘resettlement’ and defines in Section 24 the United Nations High Commissioner for Ref- of the Irish Refugee Act, 1996 as follows: ‘a person to O ugees (UNHCR) and who is transferred from the whom leave to enter and remain in the State for tem- country in which they have sought protection to a porary protection or resettlement as part of a group of P third state which has agreed to admit them as refu- persons has been given by the Government’. gees with permanent residence status. Q In the EU context, a third-country national or stateless person who, on a resettlement request R from UNHCR based on their need for international S protection, are transferred from a third country to a Member State where they are permitted to reside with one T

(i) refugee status within the meaning of Art. 2(d) U of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Direc- tive); or V

(ii) a status which offers the same rights and benefits W under national and Union law as refugee status. X Sources Global context: Derived by EMN from the glossary of Y the UNHCR Resettlement Handbook EU context: Derived by EMN from Articles 3(1d) and 6(e) of Council Decision 573/2007/EC establishing Z the Refugee Fund

325 resettlement

BG презаселване Definitions R CS přesídlení In the global context, the selection and transfer of DE Neuansiedlung refugees from a State in which they have sought EL επανεγκατάσταση protection to a third state which has agreed to admit ES reasentamiento them as refugees with permanent residence status. ET ümberasustamine FI uudelleensijoittaminen In the EU context, the transfer, on a request from the FR réinstallation United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees GA athlonnú (UNHCR) and based on their need for international HU áttelepítés protection, of a third-country national or state- IT reinsediamento less person, from a third country to an EU Member LT perkėlimas State, LV pārmitināšana MT Risistemazzjoni (i) refugee status within the meaning of Art. 2(d) of NL hervestiging Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive); PL przesiedlenie or PT reinstalação RO relocare (ii) a status which offers the same rights and benefits SK presídlenie / presídľovanie under national and EU law as refugee status. SL preselitev SV vidarebosättning Sources NO gjenbosetting (b); gjenbusetjing (n) Global context: glossary of the UNHCR Resettlement Handbook EU context: Derived by EMN from Art. 3(1)(d) of Deci- sion 573/2007/EC establishing the Refugee Fund Narrower term ★★ resettlement programme Related terms ★★ durable solution ★★ refugee in transit ★★ relocation ★★ resettled refugee Notes 1. The status provided ensures protection against refoulementand provides a resettled refugees and their family or dependants with access to rights similar to those enjoyed by nationals. Resettlement also carries with it the opportunity to eventually become a naturalised citizen of the resettlement country. For this reason, resettlement is a durable solution as well as a tool for the protection of refugees. 2. This term should not be confused with ‘relocation’.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

326 resettlement programme A

BG програма за презаселване Definitions B CS přesídlovací program In the global context, a coordinated activity undertak- DE Neuansiedlungsprogramm en in partnership with United Nations High Com- C EL πρόγραμμα επανεγκατάστασης missioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and other NGOs ES programa de reasentamiento that includes specific processes like the identification D ET ümberasustamisprogramm in the field ofrefugees in need of resettlement, to FI uudelleensijoittamisohjelma screening, processing, reception and integration. E FR programme de réinstallation GA clár athlonnaithe In the EU context, voluntary programmes by which EU F HU áttelepítési program Member States aim to provide international protection IT programma di reinsediamento and durable solutions in their territories to refugees G LT perkėlimo programa and displaced persons identified as eligible for reset- LV pārmitināšanas programma tlement by UNHCR, and which include acti H MT Programm ta’ risistemazzjoni Sources NL hervestigingsprogramma I PL Program Przesiedleń Global context: Developed by EMN EU context: Derived by EMN from Recital 18 of Deci- PT programa de reinstalação J RO program de relocare sion 573/2007/EC establishing the European Refugee Fund SK presídľovací program / program presídľovania K SL program preselitve Broader term SV program för vidarebosättning ★★ resettlement NO gjenbosettingsprogram (b); L gjenbusetjingsprogram (n) Related term ★★ durable solution M N

residence document O

BG документ за пребиваване Definition P CS doklad o pobytu A document issued by the authorities of an EU Mem- DE Aufenthaltstitel (EU acquis) ber State authorising a third-country national to Q EL τίτλος διαμονής / έγγραφο διαμονής stay in its territory, including the documents substan- ES documento de residencia tiating the authorisation to remain in the territory R ET elamisluba (dokument) under temporary protection arrangements or until FI oleskeluun oikeuttava asiakirja, the circumstances preventing a removal order from S oleskeluasiakirja (oleskelulupa) being carried out no longer apply, with the exception FR titre de séjour of visas and residence authorisations issued during T GA doiciméad cónaithe the period required to determine the responsible EU HU tartózkodásra jogosító okmány Member State as established in Regulation (EU) No U IT titolo di soggiorno 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) or during examina- LT teisę gyventi šalyje patvirtinantis dokumentas tion of an application for international protec- V LV uzturēšanās dokuments tion or an application for a residence permit. MT Dokument ta’ residenza W NL verblijfsdocument Source PL dokument pobytowy Derived by EMN from Art. 2(l) of Regulation (EU) No X PT título de residência 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) RO document de şedere Narrower term Y SK doklad o pobyte ★★ residence permit SL dokument za prebivanje Z SV uppehållstillstånd Related term NO oppholdsdokument (b); opphaldsdokument (n) ★★ travel document

327 residence permit

BG разрешение за пребиваване Definition R CS povolení k pobytu Any authorisation issued by the authorities of an EU DE Aufenthaltstitel (EU acquis); Member State allowing a non-EU national to stay le- Aufenthaltserlaubnis / gally in its territory, in accordance with the provisions Niederlassungserlaubnis (DE) of Regulation (EU) No 265/2010 (Long Stay Visa Reg- EL άδεια διαμονής ulation). ES permiso de residencia ET elamisluba Source FI oleskelulupa DG HOME e-Library Glossary FR permis de séjour GA cead cónaithe Broader term HU tartózkodási engedély ★★ residence document IT permesso di soggiorno Narrower term LT leidimas gyventi ★★ single permit LV uzturēšanās atļauja MT Permess ta’ residenza Related terms NL verblijfsvergunning ★★ EU Blue Card PL zezwolenie na pobyt ★★ work permit PT autorização de residência RO permis de şedere SK povolenie na pobyt SL dovoljenje za prebivanje SV uppehållstillstånd NO oppholdstillatelse (b); opphaldsløyve (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

328 return A

BG връщане Definition B CS návrat The movement of a person going from a host coun- DE Rückkehr try back to a country of origin, country of nation- C EL επιστροφή ality or habitual residence usually after spending a ES retorno significant period of time in the host country whether D ET tagasipöördumine voluntary or forced, assisted or spontaneous. FI paluu(muutto), (pakko)palauttaminen E FR retour Source GA filleadh Derived by EMN from the definitions of ‘return’ and F HU hazatérés / visszatérés ‘return migration’ in the IOM Glossary on Migration, IT ritorno / rimpatrio 2nd ed., 2011 G LT grąžinimas Synonym LV atgriešana (EU acquis); izraidīšana ★★ return migration H MT Ritorn / Tluq lura NL terugkeer Narrower terms I PL powrót ★★ forced return PT retorno ★★ return programme J RO returnare ★★ voluntary return SK návrat Related terms SL vrnitev K SV återvändande ★★ readmission agreement ★★ NO retur reintegration L ★★ returnee M Notes 1. The International Organization for Migration N (IOM) definition covers all categories of return ofmi - grants: return within the territorial boundaries of a O country, as in the case of returning IDPs and demobi- lised combatants; or from a host country (either tran- P sit or destination) to the country of origin, as in the case of persons who have resided legally in a country, Q migrant workers, refugees, asylum seekers and qualified nationals; or the way the return is implemented, e.g. voluntary, forced, assisted and spontane- R ous return. It does not cover stays shorter than three months (such as holiday visits or business meetings S and other visits typically considered to be for a period of time of less than three months). T 2. In the context of Council Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive), ‘return’ as defined in Art. 3(3), is U understood as return which occurs once a return decision has been issued. This glossary uses the term V ‘compulsory return’ to describe ‘return’ as defined in the Return Directive. W

X Y Z

329 return decision

BG решение за връщане Definition R CS rozhodnutí o návratu An administrative or judicial decision or act, stating or DE Rückkehrentscheidung (EU acquis); declaring the stay of a third-country national to be Rückführungsentscheidung (DE) illegal and imposing or stating an obligation to return. EL απόφαση επιστροφής ES resolución de expulsión Source ET lahkumisettekirjutus Art. 3(4) of Council Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Di- FI palauttamispäätös rective) FR décision de retour GA cinneadh fillte Synonyms HU országelhagyásra kötelező határozat / ★★ obligation to leave kiutasítást elrendelő határozat ★★ obligation to return IT decisione di ritorno / rimpatrio Broader term LT sprendimas grąžinti / sprendimas dėl ★★ removal grąžinimo LV atgriešanas lēmums (EU acquis); izbraukšanas Narrower term rīkojums / lēmums par piespiedu izraidīšanu ★★ removal order MT Deċiżjoni ta’ ritorn Related terms NL terugkeerbesluit ★★ expulsion decision PL decyzja o powrocie ★★ enforcement measure PT decisão de afastamento / notificação para ★★ voluntary departure abandono RO decizie de returnare Note SK rozhodnutie o návrate For some EU Member States, a return decision and SL odločba o vrnitvi removal order may occur within one administrative or SV beslut om återvändande judicial act as provided for in their national legislation. NO returvedtak

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

330 return intervention A

BG намеса във връщането Definition B CS návratová intervence An activity of the European Border and Coast DE Rückkehreinsatz Guard Agency (Frontex) providing EU Member C EL επέμβαση επιστροφής States with enhanced technical and operational assis- ES Intervención de retorno tance consisting of the deployment of European re- D ET tagasisaatmisega seotud turn intervention teams to EU Member States and the sekkumine organisation of return operations. E FI palauttamisinterventio FR intervention en matière de retour Source F GA Idirghabháil um fhilleadh Art. 2(15) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1624 (European HU visszaküldési intervenció Border and Coast Guard Regulation) G IT intervento di rimpatrio Broader term LT grąžinimo pagalba ★★ H LV atgriešanas nodrošināšanas operācija removal MT intervent ta’ ritorn Narrower term I NL terugkeerinterventie ★★ rapid return intervention PL PT intervenção de regresso Related term J ★★ return operation RO K SK návratová intervencia Note SL posredovanje na področju vračanja SV återvändandeintervention In contrast to return operations, (rapid) return inter- L NO Støtte til gjennomføring av retur (b); Stønad til ventions may be provided by Frontex in circumstanc- å gjennomføre retur (n) es where an EU Member State is facing a burden or M specific and disproportionate challenges when implementing the obligation to return third-country N nationals upon request of that EU Member State. Such return interventions shall be based on an op- O erational plan drawn up by the executive director of Frontex in agreement with the host EU Member State P and the participating EU Member States. They shall be financed or co-financed by Frontex. (see Art. 33 of Q the Regulation (EU) 2016/1624 (European Border and Coast Guard Regulation) R S T U V W X Y Z

331 return operation

BG операция по връщане Definition R CS návratová operace An operation that is coordinated by the European DE Rückkehraktion Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) and EL επιχείρηση επαναπατρισμού involves technical and operational reinforcement be- ES Operación de retorno ing provided by one or more EU Member States under ET tagasisaatmisoperatsioon which returnees from one or more EU Member States FI palauttamisoperaatio are returned either on a forced or voluntary basis. FR opération de retour GA Oibríocht um fhilleadh Source HU visszaküldési művelet Art. 2(14) of of Regulation (EU) 2016/1624 (European IT operazione di rimpatrio Border and Coast Guard Regulation) LT grąžinimo operacija Synonyms LV atgriešanas operācija (EU acquis) / ★★ joint return operation izraidīšanas operācija ★★ JRO MT operazzjoni ta’ ritorn NL terugkeeroperatie Related terms PL ★★ forced return PT Operação de regresso ★★ voluntary return RO SK návratová operácia Notes SL operacija vračanja 1. Most EU Member States, CH and NO organise return SV återvändandeinsats operations individually at the national level. There is, NO Returoperasjon however, a possibility for two or more countries to organise a joint return operation. 2. According to Art. 28 of the Regulation (EU) 2016/1624 (European Border and Coast Guard Regu- lation) Frontex shall provide the necessary assistance and either at the request of one or several participating EU Member States or on its own initiative, ensure the coordination or the organisation of joint return operations, including through the chartering of aircraft.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

332 return programme A

BG програма за връщане Definition B CS návratový program Programme to support (e.g. financial, organisational, DE Rückkehrprogramm counselling) the return, possibly including reintegra- C EL πρόγραμμα επιστροφής tion measures, of a returnee by the State or by a ES programa de retorno voluntario third party, for example an international organisation. D ET tagasipöördumisprogramm FI palauttamisohjelma Source E FR programme d’aide au retour Developed by EMN GA clár fillte Broader term F HU hazatérési program ★★ return IT programma di ritorno G LT grąžinimo programa LV atgriešanas programma H MT Programm (t’assistenza / ta’għajnuna) għar- ritorn I NL terugkeerprogramma PL programy powrotów PT programas de retorno J RO program de returnare SK návratový program K SL program vračanja / program vrnitve SV återvändandeprogram L NO returprogram M

returnee N O BG върнат Definition CS navracený cizinec A person going from a host country back to a coun- P DE Rückkehrer try of origin, country of nationality or habitual EL επαναπατριζόμενος residence usually after spending a significant period of ES extranjero retornado time in the host country whether voluntary or forced, Q ET tagasipöörduja assisted or spontaneous. FI paluumuuttaja / palaaja, (pakko)palautettava R FR personne éloignée (retour forcé) / personne Source retournée (retour volontaire ou spontané) EMN: Assisted Return and Migration Study, 2011 S GA imirceach fillteach Related term HU hazatérő / visszatérő T IT persona che compie ritorno ★★ return LT grįžtantysis / grąžinamasis Note U LV izraidāmais MT Migrant(a) ritornat(a) The definition covers all categories ofmigrants (per- V NL terugkeerder sons who have resided legally in a country as well as failed ) and different ways the PL osoba powracająca asylum seekers reis implemented (e.g. voluntary, forced, assisted W PT retornado turn and spontaneous). It does not cover stays shorter than RO returnat three months (such as holiday visits or business meet- X SK navrátilec ings and other visits typically considered to be for a SL oseba, ki je predmet vračanja period of time of less than three months). Y SV återvändare NO den personen som vender hjem (b); den Z personen som vender heim (n)

333 right of asylum

BG право на убежище (от гледна точка на Definition R държавата, предоставяща закрила) The right of the State, in virtue of its territorial sover- CS právo azylu eignty and in the exercise of its discretion, to allow a DE Recht, Asyl zu gewähren; Asylrecht (DE) non-national to enter and reside, and to resist the ex- EL δικαίωμα παροχής ασύλου ercise of jurisdiction by any State over that individual. ES derecho de asilo ET õigus varjupaigale Source FI turvapaikkaoikeus UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminol- FR droit d’asile ogy GA ceart tearmainn Synonym HU menedékjog IT diritto di asilo ★★ right to grant asylum LT prieglobsčio suteikimo teisė Broader term LV patvēruma tiesības ★★ asylum MT Dritt mogħti għall-ażil NL asielrecht / recht van asiel Related term PL prawo do udzielenia azylu ★★ right to asylum PT direito ao asilo RO dreptul la azil Notes SK právo udeliť azyl 1. In some States there are narrower or broader crite- SL azilna pravica ria than that laid down in the Geneva Refugee Con- SV asylrätt vention and Protocol. NO rett til å gi beskyttelse / asyl (b); rett til å gje 2. The International Organization for Migration vern / asyl (n) (IOM) uses a generic term, in two senses: - right to grant asylum (a State may grant asylum in its territory to any person at its own discretion) and - the right to be granted asylum either vis-à-vis the State in whose territory asylum is requested, or vis‑à- vis the pursuing State.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

334 right of residence A

BG право на пребиваване Definition B CS právo na pobyt The right to regularly reside in a given country, accord- DE Aufenthaltsrecht ing to the migration law of that country. C EL δικαίωμα διαμονής ES derecho de residencia Source D ET elamisõigus Developed by EMN FI oleskeluoikeus E FR droit de séjour Synonym ★★ right to reside GA ceart cónaithe F HU tartózkodási jog Related term IT diritto di soggiorno ★★ host country G LT teisė gyventi šalyje LV uzturēšanās tiesības Note H MT Dritt għar-residenza In the EU context, the right of residence for EU citi- NL verblijfsrecht zens is covered by Council Directive 2004/38/EC (Free I PL prawo pobytu Movement Directive) which differentiates between the PT direito de residência right of residence for up to three months (Art. 6) and J RO drept de şedere / rezidenţă the right of residence for more than three months (Art. SK právo zdržiavať sa v krajine / právo na pobyt 7). EEA and Swiss citizens enjoy the same rights as K v krajine Union citizens within the European area of free move- SL pravica do prebivanja ment. SV uppehållsrätt L NO rett til opphold (b); rett til opphald (n) M

right to appeal N O BG право на обжалване Definition CS právo na odvolání / právo na opravný A general principle of European Union law set out in P prostředek Art. 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of DE Recht auf Rechtsbehelf; Recht auf Berufung the European Union which gives everyone whose (DE, LU) / Recht auf einen wirksamen rights and freedoms guaranteed by EU law are vio- Q Rechtsbehelf lated the right to an effective remedy before a na- EL δικαίωμα προσφυγής tional authority or tribunal notwithstanding that the R ES Derecho a recurrir violation has been committed by persons acting in an ET kaebuse esitamise õigus official capacity. S FI valitusoikeus FR droit de recours Source T GA Derived by EMN from Art. 47 of the Charter of Funda- HU jogorvoslathoz való jog mental Rights of the European Union U IT diritto di ricorso Synonym LT teisė apskųsti ★★ right to an effective remedy V LV pārsūdzības tiesības MT dritt ta’ appell Broader terms W NL recht op hoger beroep ★★ Charter of Fundamental Rights of the Euro- PL pean Union X PT direito a recurso ★★ fundamental rights RO Y SK právo na odvolanie / právo odvolať sa / právo Note podať odvolanie The right to an effective remedy is based on Art. 13 of Z SL pravica do pritožbe the European Convention on Human Rights. SV rätt att överklaga NO Rett til å anke

335 right to asylum

BG право на убежище (от гледна точка на Definition R търсещия закрила) The right of a person to seek asylum, guaranteed CS právo na azyl with due respect by the rules of the Geneva Refugee DE Recht auf Asyl Convention and Protocol and in accordance with EL δικαίωμα ασύλου the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union ES derecho de asilo (TFEU). ET õigus varjupaika taotleda FI oikeus turvapaikkaan, turvapaikkaoikeus Sources FR droit d’asile Art. 18 of the European Charter of Fundamental GA ceart ar thearmann Rights and HU menedékhez való jog Art. 14 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights IT diritto all’asilo Synonym LT teisė į prieglobstį ★★ right to seek asylum LV tiesības uz patvērumu MT Dritt għall-ażil Related term NL recht op asiel ★★ right of asylum PL prawo do azylu PT direito de asilo Note RO dreptul la azil Refugees have no enforceable right in conventional SK právo na azyl international law to be granted asylum by a State. It SL pravica do azila is contested whether customary international law has SV rätt till asyl embraced the individual right to asylum. NO rett til beskyttelse (b); rett til vern (n)

right to family life

BG право на семеен живот Definition CS právo na rodinný život A right enshrined in Arts. 7, 9 and 33 of the Charter DE Recht auf Familienleben of Fundamental Rights of the European Union EL δικαίωμα στην οικογενειακή ζωή and Art. 8 of the European Convention on Human ES derecho a la vida en familia Rights (ECHR). ET õigus pere(konna)elule FI oikeus perhe-elämään Source FR droit à la vie familiale European Charter of Fundamental Rights GA ceart chun saol teaghlaigh Narrower term HU családi élethez való jog IT diritto alla vita familiare ★★ right to family unity LT teisė į šeimos gyvenimą Related terms LV tiesības uz ģimenes dzīvi ★★ chain migration MT Dritt għal ħajja f’familja ★★ family formation NL recht op eerbiediging van familie- en ★★ family reunification gezinsleven / recht op familie- en gezinsleven ★★ family migration PL prawo do życia rodzinnego PT direito à vida familiar Note RO dreptul la viaţă de familie There is a distinction between the right to family life SK právo na rodinný život and the right to family unity. The right to family life SL pravica do družinskega življenja is a fundamental right enshrined in the Charter of SV rätt till familjeliv Fundamental Rights of the European Union. The NO rett til familieliv right to family unity relates more to the purpose and procedural aspects of entry and stay for the purpose of reuniting a family. ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

336 right to family unity A

BG право на запазването на целостта на Definition B семейството In the context of a refugee, a right provisioned in Art. CS právo na zachování jednoty rodiny 23 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Di- C DE Recht auf Familieneinheit / Recht auf Wahrung rective) and in Art. 12 of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast des Familienverbandes Reception Conditions Directive) obliging EU Member D EL δικαίωμα στην οικογενειακή ενότητα States to ensure that family unity can be maintained. ES derecho a la unidad de la familia E ET õigus perekonna ühtsusele Sources FI oikeus perheen yhtenäisyyteen Derived by EMN from Art. 23 of Directive 2011/95/EU F FR droit à l'unité familiale (Recast Qualification Directive) and GA ceart chun aontacht teaghlaigh Art. 12 of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception G HU család egységéhez való jog Conditions Directive) IT diritto all’unità familiare Synonym H LT teisė į šeimos vientisumą ★★ principle of family unity LV tiesības uz ģimenes vienotību I MT Dritt għall-għaqda / għall-unità tal-familja Broader term NL recht op instandhouding van het (kern-)gezin / ★★ right to family life recht op eenheid van het gezin J PL prawo do jedności rodziny Narrower term PT direito à unidade familiar ★★ family reunification K RO dreptul la unitatea familiei Related terms SK L právo na jednotu rodiny ★★ chain migration SL pravica do enotnosti (združevanja) družine ★★ family formation M SV rätt till familjesammanhållning ★★ family migration NO rett til familiens enhet (b); rett til familieeining (n) Note N There is a distinction between the right to family unity and the right to family life. The right to family unity O relates more to the purpose and procedural aspects of entry and stay for the purpose of reuniting a fami- P ly, in order to meet the fundamental rights enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the Eu- Q ropean Union. R S T U V W X Y Z

337 right to free movement

BG право на свободно движение Definition R CS právo volného pohybu The right of EU citizens and legally resident DE Recht auf Freizügigkeit third-country nationals (in accordance with the EL δικαίωμα ελεύθερης κυκλοφορίας Treaty establishing the European Community) to move ES derecho a la libre circulación and reside freely within the territory of the EU Mem- ET vaba liikumise õigus ber States. FI oikeus liikkua vapaasti FR droit à la libre circulation Source GA ceart saorghluaiseachta Derived by EMN from Art. 45 of the European Charter HU szabad mozgáshoz való jog of Fundamental Rights IT diritto di libera circolazione Synonym LT laisvo judėjimo teisė ★★ freedom of movement LV tiesības brīvi pārvietoties MT Dritt għal-libertà tal-moviment / Narrower term għall‑moviment bla xkiel / għall-merħ ħieles ★★ intra-EU mobility NL recht op vrij verkeer PL prawo do swobodnego przepływu Notes PT direito de livre circulação 1. The right to free movement is one of the basic RO dreptul la liberă circulaţie rights of EU citizens which was initially one of the SK právo na slobodný pohyb / právo na voľný founding rights in the establishment of the European pohyb Union and enshrined in Art. 21(1) of TFEU; it has been SL pravica do prostega gibanja developed by EU secondary legislation and the case SV rätt till fri rörlighet law of the Court of Justice. NO rett til fri bevegelse (b); rett til fri rørsle (n) 2. Free movement of workers also applies to the countries in the European Economic Area (IS, LI, NO) and to CH. 3. The provisions of the treaties in relation to freedom of movement apply in the same way to the ten EU Member States that joined the EU in 2004, BG and RO that joined in January 2007 and HR, which joined in July 2013. Some of the original EU Member States (before May 2004) apply transitional agreements that currently restrict freedom of movement to workers for a certain time period (see the description of freedom of movement on the European Citizens’ Information website). 4. Freedom of movement and residence are granted, in accordance with the Treaty establishing the European Community, only for certain categories of third-country nationals, i.e. long-term residents, highly-skilled workers, researchers and students. Whilst third-country nationals who hold a valid residence permit or visa have the right to move freely within the Schengen area for up to three months within a six-month period, the rights in relation to taking up residence for a period exceeding three months in another EU Member State are covered by specific legal instruments, depending on their status, and subject to conditions in national legislation.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

338 risk of absconding A

BG опасност от укриване Definition B CS nebezpečí útěku In the EU context, existence of reasons in an individual DE Fluchtgefahr / Gefahr unterzutauchen case which are based on objective criteria defined by C EL κίνδυνος διαφυγής law to believe that a third-country national who is ES riesgo de fuga subject to return procedures may abscond. D ET põgenemise / kõrvalehoidumise oht FI pakenemisen vaara Sources E FR risque de fuite Art. 3(7) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) GA baol éalaithe and F HU szökés veszélye Art. 2(n) of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III IT rischio di fuga Regulation) G LT pasislėpimo pavojus Broader term LV bēgšanas iespējamība ★★ H MT Riskju / Biża’ ta’ ħarba / ħrib / kontumaċja absconding NL risico op onderduiken Note I PL ryzyko ucieczki This covers one type of absconding. PT perigo de fuga J RO riscul de a se sustrage SK riziko úteku SL tveganje pobega / nevarnost pobega K SV risk för avvikande NO risiko for unndragelse (b); risiko for L unndraging (n) M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

339 safe country of origin

BG сигурна страна на произход Related term S CS bezpečná země původu ★★ safe third country DE sicherer Herkunftsstaat EL ασφαλής χώρα προέλευσης Notes ES país de origen seguro 1. According to Art. 37 of Directive 2013/32/EU (Re- ET turvaline päritoluriik cast Asylum Procedures Directive), EU Member States FI turvallinen alkuperämaa may retain or introduce legislation that allows for the FR pays d’origine sûr national designation of safe countries of origin for the GA tír thionscnaimh atá sábháilte purposes of examining applications for international HU biztonságos származási ország protection. IT paese di origine sicuro 2. According to the Protocol 29 of TFEU, EU Member LT saugi kilmės šalis (EU acquis); saugi kilmės States shall be regarded as constituting safe coun- valstybė tries of origin in respect of each other for all legal LV droša izcelsmes valsts and practical purposes in relation to asylum matters. MT Pajjiż tal-oriġini sigur / bla perikli Accordingly, any application for asylum made by a na- NL veilig land van herkomst tional of a Member State are normally not taken into PL bezpieczny kraj pochodzenia consideration. PT país de origem seguro 3. EU Member States shall regularly review the sit- RO ţara de origine sigură uation in third countries that are designated as safe SK bezpečná krajina pôvodu countries of origin. SL varna izvorna država 4. The assessment of whether a country is a safe SV säkert ursprungsland country of origin shall be based on a range of sources NO trygt hjemland (b); trygt heimland (n) of information, including in particular information from other EU Member States, European Asylum Support Definition Office (EASO), United Nations High Commission- A country where, on the basis of the legal situation, er for Refugees (UNHCR), the Council of Europe and the application of the law within a democratic sys- other relevant international organisations. tem and the general political circumstances, it can 5. According to Art. 36 of Directive 2013/32/EU, the be shown that there is generally and consistently 'concept of safe country of origin' means that a third no persecution as defined in Art. 9 of Directive country is - after an individual examination of the 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive), no tor- application - considered as a safe country of origin for ture or inhuman or degrading treatment or pun- a particular applicant only if: ishment and no threat by reason of indiscriminate - they have the nationality of that country; or violence in situations of international or internal - they are a stateless person and were formerly armed conflict. habitually resident in that country, and they have not Source submitted any serious grounds for considering the country not to be a safe country of origin in their par- Annex 1 of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum ticular circumstances and in terms of their qualifica- Procedures Directive) tion as a beneficiary of international protection in Synonym accordance with Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Quali- ★★ concept of safe country of origin fication Directive). Broader term ★★ country of origin

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

340 safe third country A

BG сигурна трета страна Definitions B CS bezpečná třetí země A third country that treats a person seeking inter- DE sicherer Drittstaat national protection in accordance with the following C EL ασφαλής τρίτη χώρα principles: ES tercer país seguro D ET turvaline kolmas riik (a) life and liberty are not threatened on account of FI turvallinen kolmas maa race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular E FR pays tiers sûr social group or political opinion; GA tríú tír atá sábháilte F HU biztonságos harmadik ország (b) there is no risk of serious harm as defined in Di- IT paese terzo sicuro rective 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive); G LT saugi trečioji šalis (EU acquis); saugi trečioji valstybė (c) the principle of non-refoulement in accordance H LV droša trešā valsts with the Geneva Refugee Convention and Proto- MT Pajjiż terz sigur / bla perikli col is respected; I NL veilig derde land PL bezpieczny kraj trzeci (d) the prohibition of removal, in violation of the right J PT país terceiro seguro to freedom from torture and cruel, inhuman or de- RO ţară / stat terţ(ă) sigură grading treatment as laid down in international law, SK bezpečná tretia krajina is respected; and K SL varna tretja država SV säkert tredjeland (e) the possibility exists to request refugee status L NO trygt tredjeland and, if found to be a refugee, to receive protection in accordance with the Geneva Refugee Convention M and Protocol. N Source Art. 38 of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Pro- O cedures Directive) Broader term P ★★ third country Q Related term ★★ safe country of origin R

S T U V W X Y Z

341 Schengen Agreement

BG Шенгенско споразумение Definition S CS Schengenská dohoda An agreement between some EU Member States and DE Schengener Übereinkommen some neighbouring non-Member States to gradually EL Συμφωνία Σένγκεν remove controls at their common borders and intro- ES Acuerdo de Schengen duce freedom of movement for all nationals of the ET Schengeni leping signatory Member States, other EU Member States or FI Schengenin sopimus third countries. FR accord de Schengen GA Comhaontú Schengen Source HU Schengeni Megállapodás Derived by EMN from the Schengen acquis IT Accordo di Schengen Related terms LT Šengeno susitarimas ★★ LV Šengenas nolīgums Schengen Borders Code ★★ MT Ftehim (Il-) ta’ Schengen Schengen Convention ★★ Schengen Information System (SIS) NL Schengenakkoord PL Układ z Schengen Notes PT Acordo de Schengen The Schengen Agreement was signed on 14 June RO Acordul Schengen 1. 1985 between BE, FR, DE, LU and NL. SK Schengenská dohoda 2. The Agreement and the Convention, the rules SL Schengenski sporazum adopted on that basis and the related agreements to- SV Schengenavtalet gether form the ‘Schengen acquis’. Since 1999, this NO Schengen-avtalen has formed part of the institutional and legal framework of the European Union by virtue of a protocol to the Treaty of Amsterdam. 3. The rules governing the movement of persons across borders are set out in Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen Borders Code). 4. For more information, see the website of the Euro- pean Commission on Schengen.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

342 Schengen Borders Code A

BG Шенгенски граничен кодекс Definition B CS Schengenský hraniční kodex The rules governing border control of persons cross- DE Schengener Grenzkodex ing the external EU borders of the EU Member States. C EL Κώδικας Συνόρων Σένγκεν ES Código de fronteras Schengen Source D ET Schengeni piirieeskirjad Derived by the EMN from Regulation (EU) 2016/399 FI Schengenin rajasäännöstö (Schengen Borders Code) E FR code frontières Schengen Related terms GA Cód Teorainneacha Schengen F HU Schengeni határ-ellenőrzési kódex ★★ border control ★★ external EU border IT Codice Frontiere Schengen G LT Šengeno sienų kodeksas ★★ internal EU border ★★ LV Šengenas Robežu kodekss irregular entry ★★ H MT Konvenzjoni (Il-) ta’ Schengen legal entry ★★ refusal of entry NL Schengengrenscode ★★ Schengen Agreement I PL kodeks graniczny Schengen ★★ Schengen Information System (SIS) PT Código das Fronteiras Schengen J RO SK Kódex schengenských hraníc SL Zakonik o schengenskih mejah K SV kodex om Schengengränserna NO Schengen-regelverket L M

Schengen Convention N BG Шенгенска конвенция Definition O CS Schengenská prováděcí úmluva Legislation supplementing the Schengen Agreement DE Schengener Durchführungsübereinkommen and laying down the arrangements and safeguards for P EL Συνθήκη Σένγκεν implementing freedom of movement. ES Convenio de Schengen Q ET Schengeni konventsioon Source FI Schengenin yleissopimus Derived by EMN from the Schengen acquis FR convention de Schengen R GA Coinbhinsiún Schengen Synonym HU Schengeni Egyezmény ★★ Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement S IT Convenzione di Schengen Related terms T LT Šengeno konvencija ★★ Schengen Agreement LV Šengenas konvencija ★★ Schengen Borders Code U MT Kodiċi tal-Fruntieri / tal-Konfini ta’ Schengen ★★ Schengen Information System (SIS) NL Schengenuitvoeringsovereenkomst PL Konwencja Wykonawcza do Układu z V Schengen PT Convenção de Schengen W RO Convenţia Schengen SK Schengenský dohovor X SL Schengenska konvencija SV Schengenkonventionen Y NO Schengen-konvensjonen Z

343 Schengen Information System (SIS)

BG Шенгенска информационна система Definition S CS Schengenský informační systém A joint information system that enables the relevant DE Schengener Informationssystem authorities in each EU Member State, by means of an EL Σύστημα Πληροφοριών Σένγκεν automated search procedure, to have access to alerts ES Sistema de Información de Schengen on persons and property for the purposes of border ET Schengeni infosüsteem checks and other police and customs checks carried FI Schengenin tietojärjestelmä out within the country in accordance with national law FR Système d’information Schengen and, for some specific categories of alerts (Art. 96), GA Córas Faisnéise Schengen for the purposes of issuing visas, residence per- HU Schengeni Információs Rendszer mits and the administration of legislation on aliens IT Sistema di Informazione Schengen in the context of the application of the provisions of LT Šengeno informacinė sistema the Schengen Convention relating to the movement LV Šengenas informācijas sistēma of persons. MT Sistema ta’ Informazzjoni Schengen NL Schengeninformatiesysteem Source PL System Informacji Schengen Derived by EMN from the Schengen acquis PT Sistema de Informação de Schengen Synonyms RO Sistemul de Informaţii Schengen ★★ second-generation Schengen Information System SK Schengenský informačný systém ★★ SIS SL Schengenski informacijski sistem ★★ SIS II SV Schengens informationssystem NO Schengen informasjonssystem Related terms ★★ Schengen Agreement ★★ Schengen Convention ★★ Schengen Borders Code Note The second-generation Schengen Information System (SIS II) was launched in April 2013 with enhanced functionalities, such as the possibility to use biometrics, new types of alerts, the possibility to link different alerts (such as an alert on a person and a vehicle) and a facility for direct queries on the system. SIS II also contains copies of European arrest warrants (EAW), which are recognised as having the same legal value as the originals, making it easier and quicker for the competent authorities to ensure the necessary follow-up. For more information, see the DG Migration and Home Affairs e-Library Glossary.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

344 school pupil A

BG ученик Definition B CS žák In the EU migration context, a third-country nation- DE Schüler al admitted to the territory of a EU Member State to C EL μαθητής follow a recognised programme of secondary educa- ES escolar tion in the context of an exchange scheme operated D ET kooliõpilane by an organisation recognised for that purpose by the FI oppilas Member State in accordance with its national legisla- E FR élève tion or administrative practice. GA dalta scoile F HU tanuló Sources IT alunno Derived by EMN from Art. 2(c) of Council Directive G LT mokinys 2004/114/EC (Student Directive) and LV skolēns Art. 3(d) of Proposal for a Directive on the conditions H MT Tifel (Tifla) tal-iskola of entry and residence of third-country nationals for the purposes of research, studies, pupil exchange, NL scholier I PL uczeń remunerated and unremunerated training, voluntary service and au pairing, COM(2013) 151 final PT aluno J RO elev Related terms SK žiak ★★ researcher SL učenec / šolar K ★★ student SV elev L NO skoleelev (b); skuleelev (n) Note On 25 March 2013, the European Commission pub- M lished a proposal of the Council Directive on the conditions of entry and residence of third-country nationals N for the purposes of research, studies, pupil exchange, remunerated and unremunerated training, voluntary O service and au pairing (Recast Students Directive, COM(2013) 151 final) which maintains the definition of the original version. P Q

R S T U V W X Y Z

345 search and rescue (SAR) operation

BG операция за търсене и спасяване Synonym S CS pátrací a záchranná operace ★★ SAR operation DE Such- und Rettungseinsatz EL επιχείρηση έρευνας και διάσωσης Notes ES Operación de búsqueda y captura 1. SAR services inside the Convention are defined as: ET otsingu- ja päästeoperatsioon “The performance of distress monitoring, communica- FI meripelastusoperaatio /etsintä-ja tion, co-ordination and search and rescue functions, pelastustoimet including provision of medical advice, initial medical FR opération de recherche et de sauvetage assistance, or medical evacuation, through the use of GA Oibríocht cuardaigh agus tarrthála public and private resources including co-operating HU kutatási és mentési művelet aircraft, vessels and other crafts and installations”. IT operazione di ricerca e soccorso 2. Civil society-led Non-Governmental Organisations LT paieškos ir gelbėjimo operacija (NGOs) engaged in SAR operations have published LV meklēšanas un glābšanas operācija voluntary minimum standards intended to MT operazzjoni ta’ tfittxija u salvataġġ - ensure that their actions are conducted in support of NL opsporings- en reddingsoperatie the fundamental right to life with dignity, the right to PL receive humanitarian assistance in protection of life PT operação de busca e salvamento and the right to personal protection and security for all RO persons in distress at sea based on legal requirements SK pátracia a záchranná operácia / pátracia a of established international maritime law; záchranná činnosť - enhance joint co-ordination and co-operation of SAR SL operacija iskanja in reševanja operations in the Mediterranean region with as many SV sök- och räddningsinsats stakeholders as possible, including established Rescue NO Lete og redningsoperasjon Coordination Centres, European institutions, Agencies, shipping and fishing associations and military forces Definitions (for further information see: Voluntary Code of Con- In the global context, operation to render assistance duct for Search and Rescue operations undertaken by to persons in distress at sea regardless of the nation- civil society NGOs in the Mediterranean Sea, First Edi- ality or status of such a person or the circumstances tion, February 2017’. in which that person is found in accordance with the 5. 3. For further information on relevant legal pro- applicable Maritime Law and Conventions. visions and on practical procedures to ensure the prompt disembarkation of survivors of rescue oper- In the EU context, operation of EU Member States to ations see International Maritime Organisation (IMO) render assistance to any vessel or person in distress and United Nations High Commissoner for Refugees: at sea regardless of the nationality or status of such Rescue at sea: a guide to principles and practice as a person or the circumstances in which that person applied to migrants and refugees. is found in accordance with international law and respect for fundamental rights. Sources Global context: Annex of the International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue (SAR) EU-context: Art. 9 of Regulation (EU) No 656/2014 (Regulation on rules for the surveillance of the external sea borders

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

346 seasonal worker A

BG сезонен работник Definition B CS sezónní pracovník A third-country national who retains their principal DE Saisonarbeiter place of residence in a third country and stays legal- C EL εποχικά εργαζόμενος ly and temporarily in the territory of an EU Member ES trabajador de temporada extranjero State to carry out an activity dependent on the pass- D ET hooajaline (võõr)töötaja ing of the seasons, under one or more fixed-term work FI kausityöntekijä contracts concluded directly between that third-coun- E FR travailleur saisonnier try national and the employer established in that EU GA oibrí séasúrach Member State. F HU szezonális munkavállaló migráns IT lavoratore stagionale Source G LT sezoninis darbuotojas Art. 3 of Directive 2014/36/EU (Seasonal Workers’ Di- LV sezonas strādnieks rective) H MT Ħaddiem staġjonali / tal-istaġun Synonyms NL buitenlandse seizoensarbeider ★★ seasonal migrant I PL migrant (pracownik sezonowy) ★★ seasonal worker migrant PT trabalhador migrante sazonal J RO lucrător / muncitor sezonier Related terms SK sezónny zamestnanec / sezónny pracovník ★★ circular migration K SL sezonski delavec ★★ contract migrant worker SV säsongsarbetare NO sesongarbeider (b); sesongarbeidar (n) Note L This term is specifically referring to a third-country national, although it is known that other types of sea- M sonal workers exist, e.g. for nationals within the same country, as well as intra-EU seasonal workers. N O

P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

347 secondary movement of migrants

BG вторично движение на мигранти Definition S CS druhotný pohyb migrantů The movement of migrants, including refugees and DE Sekundärmigration asylum seekers, who for different reasons move EL δευτερογενής μετακίνηση μεταναστών from the country in which they first arrived to seek ES movimientos migratoris secundarios protection or permanent resettlement elsewhere. ET sisserändajate teisene (riikidevaheline) liikumine Source FI maahanmuuttajien toissijainen siirtyminen Derived by EMN from UNHCR Executive Committee FR mouvement secondaire de migrants (ExCom): Conclusion No 58 (1989) GA athghluaiseacht imirceach Synonyms HU másodlagos migrációs mozgás IT movimento secondario di migranti ★★ irregular secondary movement of migrants ★★ secondary migrant LT antrinis migrantų judėjimas (EU acquis); ★★ secondary movement of asylum seekers and ref- migrantų pakartotinis judėjimas ugees LV migrantu tālāka pārvietošanās MT Moviment sekondarju ta’ migranti Broader term NL secundaire migratiestroom ★★ irregular migration PL wtórny przepływ migrantów PT movimento secundário de migrantes Narrower term RO mişcare secundară a migranţilor ★★ asylum shopping SK sekundárny pohyb migrantov Note SL sekundarno gibanje migrantov This movement is without the prior consent of the SV sekundär migration national authorities, without an entry visa, or with no NO sekundærflytting or insufficient documentation normally required for travel purposes, or with false or fraudulent documentation.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

348 second-generation migrant A

BG второ поколение мигрант Definition B CS migrant druhé generace A person who was born in and is residing in a country DE Migrant der zweiten Generation that at least one of their parents previously entered C EL μετανάστης δεύτερης γενιάς as a migrant. ES inmigrante de segunda generación D ET teise põlvkonna sisserändaja Source FI toisen polven maahanmuuttaja Developed by EMN E FR migrant de la deuxième génération Synonym GA imirceach den dara glúin F HU második generációs migráns ★★ second-generation immigrant IT migrante di seconda generazione Broader term G LT antros kartos migrantas ★★ person with a migratory background LV otrās paaudzes migrants H MT Migrant(a) tat-ieni ġenerazzjoni Related terms NL tweede generatie allochtoon / tweede ★★ first-generation migrant I generatie migrant ★★ third-generation migrant PL migrant drugiego pokolenia PT migrante de segunda geração Notes J RO migrant (a doua generaţie) 1. This term is not defined in legislation but definition SK migrant druhej generácie has a more sociological context; a broad defintion en- K SL migrant druge generacije compassing the concept of a 'second-generation mi- SV andra generationens invandrare grant' has been used. L NO person med to innvandrerforeldre (b); person 2. Strictly this term does not relate to a migrant, since med to innvandrarforeldre (n) the person concerned has not undertaken a migra- M tion, but the term is included as it is commonly used in publications and the media. N 3. According to the Recommendations for the 2010 Censuses of Population and Housing, the group O referred to as ‘second-generation’ is generally restricted to those persons whose parents were born P abroad, whereas those persons having one parent born in the country and the other one born abroad rep- Q resent a special case (they form the group of persons with a mixed background). As explained in 1. above, R a broader definition was considered more appropriate for the work of the EMN. S T U V W X Y Z

349 segregation

BG сегрегация Definition S CS segregace The act by which a (natural or legal) person separates DE Segregation other persons on the basis of race, colour, language, EL διαχωρισμός religion, nationality or national or ethnic origin without ES segregación an objective and reasonable justification. ET segregatsioon FI segregaatio Source FR ségrégation European Commission against Racism and Intolerance GA deighilt (agus deighilt ar bhonn cine, reiligiúin, (ECRI): General Policy Recommendation No 7: National srl dá dteastódh sé) legislation to combat racism and racial discrimination HU szegregáció Broader term IT segregazione LT segregacija ★★ discrimination LV segregācija MT Segregazzjoni / Twarrib NL segregatie PL segregacja PT segregação RO segregare SK segregácia SL segregacija / izločevanje SV segregation NO segregering

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

350 self-employed person A

BG самонаето лице Definition B CS osoba samostatně výdělečně činná (OSVČ) A person who is the sole or joint owner of the unincor- DE Selbstständiger porated enterprise (one that has not been incorporat- C EL αυτοαπασχολούμενος ed, i.e. formed into a legal corporation) in which they ES trabajador por cuanta propia work, unless they are also in paid employment which D ET füüsilisest isikust ettevõtja is their main activity. FI itsenäinen ammatinharjoittaja E FR travailleur indépendant Source GA duine féinfhostaithe Eurostat’s Concepts and Definitions Database F HU önfoglalkoztatott személy Related terms IT lavoratore autonomo G LT savarankiškai dirbantis asmuo ★★ employee ★★ employer LV pašnodarbināta persona H MT Persuna taħdem għal rasha Notes NL zelfstandige In the last case, they are considered to be employ- I PL osoba samozatrudniona 1. ees. PT trabalhador por conta própria According to ILO’s ICSE-93, self-employment jobs J RO asociat 2. are those jobs where the remuneration is directly de- SK samostatne zárobkovo činná osoba / SZČO pendent upon the profits (or the potential for profits) SL samozaposlena oseba K derived from the goods and services produced (where SV egenföretagare own consumption is considered to be part of the prof- NO selvstendig sysselsatt (b); sjølvstendig L its). The incumbents make the operational decisions sysselsett (n) affecting the enterprise, or delegate such decisions M while retaining responsibility for the welfare of the enterprise. (In this context, ‘enterprise’ includes one-per- N son operations.) O

separated child P Q BG no translation Definition CS odloučené dítě A child under 18 years of age who is outside their R DE alleinstehendes Kind country of origin and separated from both parents EL παιδί χωρισμένο από την οικογένειά του or their previous legal / customary primary caregiver. ES menor separado S ET vanematest eraldatud laps Sources FI huoltajasta erilleen joutunut lapsi Art. 8 of UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, T FR enfant séparé General Comment No 6 (2005) and GA páiste dealaithe Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA): Study on sepa- U HU kísérőjétől elválasztott gyermek rated, asylum seeking children in EU Member States, IT minore separato 2010 V LT atskirtas nuo tėvų vaikas Narrower term LV bez vecāku vai aizbildņu gādības palicis bērns W ★★ MT Tifel /Tifla mifrud(a) / separat(a) unaccompanied minor NL alleenstaand kind Note X PL małoletni bez opieki A child may be totally alone while another may be liv- PT criança separada ing with extended family members. All such children Y RO minor neînsoţit / separat are separated children and entitled to international SK odlúčené dieťa protection under a broad range of international and Z SL otrok brez spremstva regional instruments. SV separerat barn NO enslig barn (b); einsleg barn (n)

351 serious harm

BG тежки посегателства Definitions S CS vážná újma Harm consisting of DE ernsthafter Schaden EL σοβαρή βλάβη (a) the death penalty or execution; or ES daños graves ET tõsine oht / kahju (b) torture or inhuman or degrading treatment or FI vakava haitta punishment of an applicant in the country of ori- FR atteinte grave gin; or GA díobháil thromchúiseach HU súlyos veszély (c) serious and individual threat to a civilian’s life or IT danno grave person by reason of indiscriminate violence in situa- LT didelė žala tions of international or internal armed conflict. LV smags kaitējums MT Dannu(-i) serju(-i) Source NL ernstige schade Art. 15 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification PL poważna krzywda Directive) PT ofensas graves Narrower term RO vătămare gravă ★★ real risk of suffering serious harm SK vážne bezprávie SL resna škoda Related terms SV allvarlig skada ★★ persecution NO alvorlig skade (b); alvorleg skade (n) ★★ torture

sex

BG пол Definition CS pohlaví The biological characteristics of a person, predomi- DE biologisches Geschlecht nantly female or male. EL φύλο ES sexo Sources ET sugu Derived by EMN from the gender equality glossary of FI sukupuoli the UN Women Website FR sexe EuropeAid Glossary of gender and development terms GA gnéas Related term HU (biológiai) nem IT sesso ★★ gender LT lytis LV dzimums MT Sess NL sekse / geslacht PL płeć PT sexo RO sex SK pohlavie SL spol SV kön NO kjønn

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

352 short-stay visa A

BG виза за краткосрочно пребиваване Definition B CS krátkodobé vízum The authorisation or decision of an EU Member State DE Visum für den kurzfristigen Aufenthalt with a view to transit through or an intended stay C EL θεώρηση για διαμονή βραχείας διάρκειας / on the territory of one or more or all the EU Member θεώρηση βραχείας διαμονής States of a duration of no more than 90 days in any D ES visado para estancia de corta duración 180-day period. ET lühiajaline viisa E FI lyhytaikainen viisumi Sources FR visa de court séjour Art. 2(2) of Regulation (EU) No 610/2013 (Visa Code F GA víosa gearrchuairte Regulation) and HU rövid távú tartózkodásra jogosító vízum Art. 2(m) of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III G IT visto per soggiorno di breve durata Regulation) LT trumpalaikė viza Synonyms H LV īstermiņa vīza ★★ short-term visa MT Migrazzjoni għal perjodu qasir ★★ transit visa I NL visum voor kort verblijf PL wiza krótkoterminowa Broader term J PT visto de curta duração ★★ visa RO viză de scurtă şedere SK krátkodobé vízum Related terms K SL vizum za kratkoročno prebivanje ★★ airport transit visa SV visering för kortare vistelse ★★ long-stay visa L NO besøksvisum M

short-term migrant N O BG краткосрочен мигрант Definition CS krátkodobý migrant A person who moves to a country other than that of P DE kurzfristig aufhältiger Migrant / Kurzzeit- their usual residence for a period of at least three Migrant / temporärer Migrant months but less than a year (12 months) except in EL μετανάστης βραχείας διαμονής cases where the movement to that country is for pur- Q ES persona migrante de carácter temporal poses of recreation, holiday, visits to friends or rela- ET lühiajaliselt riigis viibiv sisserändaja tives, business, medical treatment or religious pilgrim- R FI tilapäiseksi ajaksi muuttava henkilö age. FR migrant de courte durée S GA imirceach gearrthréimhseach Sources HU rövidtávú bevándorló Derived by EMN from the UN Recommendations on T IT migrante di breve periodo Statistics of International Migration and LT trumpalaikis migrantas OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms U LV īstermiņa migrants Broader term MT Migrant(a) għal żmien qasir / għal ftit żmien ★★ migrant V NL kortverblijvende migrant / kortdurig migrant PL migrant krótkookresowy Related terms W PT migrante de curta duração ★★ emigrant RO migrant pe termen scurt ★★ immigrant X SK krátkodobý migrant ★★ long-term migrant SL migrant za krajše obdobje ★★ temporary migration Y SV korttidsmigrant NO migrant med kortvarig opphold (b); migrant Note Z med kortvarig opphald (n) For purposes of international migration statistics, the country of usual residence of short-term migrants is considered to be the country of destination during the period they spend in it. 353

short-term migration

BG краткосрочна миграция Definition S CS krátkodobá migrace Movement of individuals who change their country of DE kurzfristige Migration / Kurzzeit-Migration usual residence for a period of at least three months EL βραχυπρόθεσμη μετανάστευση but less than a year (12 months) except in cases ES migración de corta duración where the movement to that country is for purpos- ET lühiajaline sisseränne es of recreation, holiday, visits to friends or relatives, FI lyhytaikainen maahanmuutto business, medical treatment or religious pilgrimage. FR migration de courte durée GA imirce ghearrthréimhseach Sources HU rövidtávú bevándorlás Derived by EMN from the UN Recommendations on IT migrazione di breve periodo Statistics of International Migration and LT trumpalaikė migracija OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms LV īstermiņa migrācija Broader term MT Viża għal żjara / waqfa qasira / Viża għal ftit ★★ taż‑żmien migration NL kortetermijnmigratie Related terms PL migracja krótkookresowa ★★ emigration PT migração de curta duração ★★ immigration RO migraţie pe termen scurt ★★ long-term migration SK krátkodobá migrácia ★★ temporary migration SL migracija za krajše obdobje SV korttidsmigration NO korttidsmigrasjon

short-term mobility

BG краткосрочна мобилност Definition CS krátkodobá mobilita In the context of Directive 2016/801/EU (Recast Re- DE kurzfristige Mobilität searcher's Directive), the right of a third-country EL βραχυπρόθεσμη κινητικότητα national authorised to stay in the European Union for ES movilidad de corta duración the purposes of research or studies to stay in one or ET lühiajaline liikuvus several second EU Member States for a period of up FI lyhytaikainen liikkuvuus to 180 days within a 360-day period in order to carry FR mobilité de courte durée out part of their research in any research organisation. GA soghluaisteacht ghearrthéarmach HU rövid távú mobilitás Source IT Mobilità di breve durata Derived by EMN from Art. 28 of Directive 2016/801/ LT trumpalaikis judumas EU (Recast Researchers' Directive) LV īstermiņa mobilitāte Related term MT mobilità għal żmien qasir ★★ long-term mobility NL kortetermijnmobiliteit PL krótkoterminowa mobilność PT mobilidade de curto prazo RO SK krátkodobá mobilita SL kratkoročna mobilnost SV rörlighet för kortare vistelse NO kortsiktig flytting

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

354 single application procedure A

BG единна процедура за кандидатстване Definition B CS jednotný postup vyřizování žádostí A procedure leading, on the basis of a single applica- DE einheitliches Antragsverfahren tion made by a third-country national, or by their C EL ενιαία διαδικασία υποβολής αίτησης employer, for the authorisation of residence and ES procedimiento único de solicitud work in the territory of a Member State, to a decision D ET ühtne taotlemismenetlus ruling on that application for the single permit. FI yhden hakemuksen menettely E FR procédure de demande unique Source GA nós imeachta aoniarratais Art. 2(d) of Directive 2011/98/EU (Single Permit Di- F HU összevont kérelmezési eljárás rective) IT procedura unica di domanda Related term G LT viena prašymų pateikimo procedūra ★★ single permit LV vienota pieteikšanās procedūra H MT Proċedura ta’ applikazzjoni / talba waħda għal kull persuna I NL één enkele aanvraagprocedure PL procedura jednolitego wniosku PT procedimento de pedido único J RO Procedură unică SK jednotný postup vybavovania žiadostí K SL enotni postopek za obravnavanje prošnje SV ett enda ansökningsförfarande L NO samlet prosedyre om opphold og arbeid (b); samla prosedyre om opphald og arbeid (n) M N

single permit O

BG единно разрешение Definition P CS jednotné povolení A residence permit issued by the authorities of an DE kombinierte Erlaubnis EU Member State after asingle application proce- Q EL ενιαία άδεια dure allowing a third-country national to reside ES permiso único legally in its territory for the purpose of work. R ET ühtne luba FI yhdistelmälupa Source FR permis unique Derived by EMN from Art. 2(d) of Directive 2011/98/ S GA ceadúnas aoniarratais EU (Single Permit Directive) HU összevont engedély T Broader term IT permesso unico LT vienas leidimas ★★ residence permit U LV vienota atļauja Related term V MT Permess għal persuna waħda ★★ single application procedure NL gecombineerde vergunning PL jednolite zezwolenie Note W PT autorização única A single permit is a combined title encompassing RO permis unic both residence and work permits within a single ad- X SK jednotné povolenie na pobyt a zamestnanie ministrative act based on a common set of rights for SL enotno dovoljenje third-country workers legally residing in an EU Mem- Y SV kombinerat tillstånd ber State. NO samlet tillatelse (b); samla løyve (n) Z

355 Sirene Bureau

BG Бюрото SIRENE Definition S CS Centrála SIRENE An administrative structure built to deal with the ex- DE Sirene-Büro change of information supplementary to the Schen- EL Τμήμα SIRENE gen Information System (SIS) alerts among coun- ES Servicio Nacional Sirene tries participating in the SIS. ET SIRENE büroo FI Sirene-toimisto Source FR Bureau SIRENE Derived by EMN from section 1.1 of the Commission GA Biúró Sirene Implementing Decision (EU) 2015/219 of 29 January HU SIRENE Iroda 2015 replacing the Annex to Implementing Decision IT Uffici SIRENE 2013/115/EU on the Sirene Manual and other imple- LT SIRENE biuras menting measures for the second generation Schen- LV SIRENE birojs gen Information system (SIS II) MT Uffiċċju SIRENE Synonym NL Sirene-bureau ★★ SIRENE PL Biuro SIRENE PT Gabinete SIRENE Broader term RO Biroul SIRENE ★★ Schengen Information System (SIS) SK Útvar SIRENE SL Urad SIRENE Note SV Sirenekontor Each state operating the SIS has set up a national NO Sirenekontoret SIRENE (Supplementary Information Request at the National Entries) Bureau, operational 24/7, that is responsible for any supplementary information exchange and coordination of activities connected to SIS alerts.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

356 Smart Borders Package A

BG Пакет интелигентни граници Definition B CS Soubor opatření týkající se inteligentních A set of measures consisting of an Entry/Exit Sys- hranic tem (EES) and modifications to theSchengen Bor- C DE Maßnahmenpaket Intelligente Grenzen / Paket ders Code in addition to existing border management Intelligente Grenzen systems aimed to improve the management of the D EL Δέσµη µέτρων για τα Ευφυή Σύνορα / έξυπνη external borders of the Schengen Member States, διαχείριση συνόρων to fight againstirregular migration and to provide E ES paquete de fronteras inteligentes information on overstayers, as well as to facilitate ET arukate piiride pakett border crossings for pre-vetted frequent non-EU trav- F FI Älykkäät rajat-paketti ellers. FR paquet de mesures frontières intelligentes G GA an Pacáiste Teorainneacha Cliste Sources HU Intelligens határok csomag European Commission Communication on Stronger H IT pacchetto Frontiere intelligenti and Smarter Information Systems for Borders and Se- curity, COM (2016)205 final LT Pažangaus sienų valdymo dokumentų rinkinys I LV viedrobežu tiesību aktu kopums and MT Pakkett għal Fruntieri Intelliġenti Description of the Smart Border Package on the web- NL Slimme Grenzen pakket site of the European Commission, J PL Pakiet Inteligentne granice Synonyms PT Pacote Fronteiras Inteligentes K ★★ Smart Borders RO ★★ Stronger and Smarter Information Systems for Bor- SK balík predpisov o inteligentných hraniciach / L ders and Security balík inteligentných hraníc SL Paket o pametnih mejah Narrower term M SV Smart gränsförvaltning / Smarta gränser ★★ Entry/Exist System (EES) NO N Pakke med tiltak for effektiv grensekontroll Related terms ★★ Eurodac O ★★ Europol ★★ Schengen Information System (SIS) P ★★ Visa Information System (VIS) Notes Q 1. The Smart Borders Package was proposed by the European Commission in February 2013. It follows the R European Commission Communication of February 2008 suggesting the estab-lishment of an Entry/Exit S System (EES) and a Registered Traveller Programme (RTP). T 2. The revised legislative proposal of 6 April 2016, COM(2016) 194 final, includes the proposed Entry/ U Exit System (EES), as adopted with Regulation (EU) 2017/2226 (Regulation establishing an Entry/Exit Sys- V tem (EES)) and a proposal for necessary modifications to the Schengen Borders Code, COM(2016) 196 final. W The Registered Traveller Programme (RTP) proposal was dropped from the package. X 3. The package supplements existing systems such as the Schengen Information System (SIS), the Visa Y Information System (VIS), Eurodac and Europol amongst others. Z

357 smuggling of migrants

BG контрабанда на мигранти Definition S CS převaděčství migrantů The procurement, in order to obtain, directly or indi- DE Schleusung von Migranten rectly, a financial or other material benefit, of their - EL παράνομη διακίνηση μεταναστών / λαθραία regular entry of a person into a (UN) Member State διακίνηση μεταναστών of which the person is not a national or a permanent ES tráfico de inmigrantes resident. ET sisserändajate ebaseaduslik üle piiri toimetamine Source FI maahanmuuttajien salakuljettaminen Art. 3 of UN Protocol against the Smuggling of Mi- FR trafic de migrants grants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the UN GA smuigleáil imirceach Convention against Transnational Organised Crime HU embercsempészés Note IT traffico di migranti LT neteisėtas migrantų gabenimas The UN Protocol was approved by Council Decision LV migrantu kontrabanda 2006/616/EC. MT Ku(n)trabandu ta’ migranti NL mensensmokkel PL przemyt migrantów PT auxílio à imigração ilegal RO contabandă cu migranţi SK prevádzačstvo migrantov SL tihotapljanje migrantov SV smuggling av migranter NO menneskesmugling

social dumping

BG социален дъмпинг Definition CS sociální dumping The practice whereby workers are given pay and/or DE Sozialdumping working and living conditions which are sub-stand- EL κοινωνικό ντάμπινγκ ard compared to those specified by law or collective ES dumping social agreements in the relevant labour market, or other- ET sotsiaalne dumping wise prevalent there. FI sosiaalinen polkumyynti FR dumping social Source GA dumpáil shóisialta (níor aistríodh an coincheap Derived by EMN from the Norwegian Regulations re- i dteangacha eile), coinníolacha oibre faoi garding workers from the new EU Member States bhun an chaighdeáin Narrower term HU szociális dömping IT dumping sociale ★★ wage dumping LT socialinis dempingas Notes LV sociālais dempings 1. There is no clear, universally accepted definition of MT Esklużjoni soċjali social dumping. NL sociale dumping 2. In the EU context, this practice usually refers to EU/ PL dumping socjalny EFTA and third-country nationals. PT dumping social RO dumping social SK sociálny damping / sociálny dumping SL socialni damping SV social dumpning

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION NO sosial dumping

358 social exclusion A

BG социално изключване Definition B CS sociální vyloučení In the EU context, a situation whereby a person is pre- DE soziale Ausgrenzung vented (or excluded) from contributing to and benefit- C EL κοινωνικός αποκλεισμός ing from economic and social progress. ES exclusión social D ET sotsiaalne tõrjutus Source FI sosiaalinen syrjäytyminen Developed by EMN from the website of the European E FR exclusion sociale Commission, DG Employment, Social Affairs and In- GA eisiamh sóisialta clusion F HU társadalmi kirekesztés Related term IT esclusione sociale G LT socialinė atskirtis ★★ social inclusion LV sociālā atstumtība H MT Tisbita / Tbarrija soċjali / dumping soċjali NL sociale uitsluiting I PL wykluczenie społeczne PT exclusão social J RO excludere socială SK sociálne vylúčenie / sociálna exklúzia SL socialna izključenost K SV social utestängning NO sosial eksklusjon / sosial ekskludering L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

359 social group

BG социална група Synonym S CS společenská skupina ★★ membership of a particular social group DE soziale Gruppe EL κοινωνική ομάδα Related terms ES Grupo social ★★ gender ET sotsiaalne grupp ★★ gender-based persecution FI yhteiskunnallinen ryhmä ★★ gender-specific violence FR groupe social ★★ LGB(TI) GA grúpa sóisialta HU társadalmi csoport Notes IT gruppo sociale 1. Membership of a particular social group is one of LT socialinė grupė the fiveConvention grounds for persecution enu- LV sociālā grupa merated in Art. 1A(2) of the Geneva Refugee Con- MT grupp soċjali vention and Protocol. It is the ground with the least NL sociale groep clarity and it is not defined by the Convention itself. It PL grupa społeczna is being invoked with increasing frequency in refugee PT grupo social status determinations with States having recognised RO women, families, tribes, occupational groups, and ho- SK sociálna skupina mosexuals, as constituting a particular social group SL družbena skupina for the purposes of the Convention. For more informa- SV socialgrupp tion see: UNHCR Guidelines on international protection NO sosial gruppe “Membership of a particular social group” within the context of Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention and/or Definitions its 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees. In the global context, a group of persons who share 2. The concept of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qual- a common characteristic other than their risk of be- ification Directive) is narrower than that ofUnited ing persecuted which often is innate, unchangeable, Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UN- or which is otherwise fundamental to identity, con- HCR). science or the exercise of one’s human rights, or who 3. Depending on the circumstances in the country are perceived as a group by society. of origin, a particular social group might include a group based on a common characteristic of sexual ori- In the EU-context, a group where in particular mem- entation. Sexual orientation cannot be understood to bers of that group share an innate characteristic, or include acts considered to be criminal in accordance a common background that cannot be changed, or with national law of the EU Member States. Gender share a characteristic or belief that is so fundamen- related aspects, including gender identity, shall be giv- tal to identity or conscience that a person should en due consideration for the purposes of determining renounce it; membership of a particular social group or identifying and that group has a distinct identity in the relevant a characteristic of such a group. country, because it is perceived as being different by the surrounding society. Sources global context: Definition of“ Membership of a particular social group” from the UNHCR Guidelines on International Protection within the context of Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention and/or its 1967 Proto- col relating to the Status of Refugees, 2002 EU-context: Art. 10 (1d) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Re- cast Qualification Directive)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

360 social inclusion A

BG социално включване Definition B CS sociální začlenění In the EU context, a framework for national strategy DE soziale Eingliederung development, as well as for policy coordination be- C EL κοινωνική ένταξη tween the EU Member States, on issues relating to ES inclusión social tackling poverty and social exclusion. D ET sotsiaalne kaasatus FI sosiaalinen osallisuus Source E FR inclusion sociale Developed by EMN from the website of the European GA cuimsiú sóisialta Commission, DG Employment, Social Affairs and In- F HU társadalmi befogadás clusion IT inclusione sociale Related term G LT socialinė įtrauktis ★★ social exclusion LV sociālā iekļaušana H MT Inklużjoni soċjali NL sociale insluiting I PL włączenie społeczne PT inclusão social J RO includere socială SK sociálne začlenenie / sociálna inklúzia SL socialna vključenost K SV social integration NO sosial inkludering L M

social partners N BG социални партньори Definition O CS sociální partneři Bodies representing employers, workers and govern- DE Sozialpartner ments when meeting for the purpose of consultations P EL κοινωνικοί εταίροι and negotiations on labour, social and economic prac- ES interlocutores sociales tices, policies and legislation. Q ET sotsiaalpartnerid FI työmarkkinaosapuolet Sources FR partenaires sociaux Derived by EMN from the Constitution of the Interna- R GA comhpháirtithe sóisialta tional Labour Organisation and HU szociális partnerek Articles 152 and 153 of the Treaty on the Functioning S IT parti sociali of the European Union (TFEU) LT socialiniai partneriai T Note LV sociālie partneri MT msieħba soċjali The concept of 'social partners' is central to the struc- U NL sociale partners ture and governance of the International Labour Or- PL partnerzy społeczni ganisation (ILO), and is implied by articles 152 and V PT parceiros sociais 153 in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European RO Union (TFEU). W SK sociálni partneri SL socialni partnerji X SV arbetsmarknadens parter NO sosiale parter, arbeidslivets parter / Y partene i arbeidslivet (b); sosiale partar / arbeidslivspartar / partane i arbeidslivet (n) Z

361 social protection benefits

BG обезщетения за социална закрила Definition S CS dávky sociální ochrany Transfers, in cash or in kind, by social protection DE Sozialschutzleistungen schemes to households and individuals to relieve EL ωφελήματα κοινωνικής προστασίας them of the burden of one or more of the risks de- ES prestaciones de asistencia social fined in the European Commission’s Mutual Informa- ET sotsiaalse kaitse hüvitised tion System on Social Protection. FI sosiaalietuudet, sosiaaliturvaetuudet FR prestations de protection sociale Sources GA sochair choimirce sóisialta Derived by EMN from Art. 2 of Council Regulation (EC) HU szociális védelmi juttatások No 458/2007 (ESSPROS Regulation) and IT prestazione di protezione sociale European Commission’s Mutual Information System LT socialinės išmokos on Social Protection (MISSOC) LV sociālās drošības sistēmas pabalsti Narrower term MT Benefiċċji ta’ protezzjoni soċjali ★★ access to healthcare NL sociale uitkeringen PL zasiłki z opieki społecznej Notes PT prestações de proteção social 1. The European Commission’s Mutual Information RO beneficii ale protecţiei sociale Systemon Social Protection uses the following cate- SK dávky sociálnej ochrany (EU acquis); sociálna gorisation of 11 groups or branches dedicated to spe- pomoc cific risks: SL ugodnosti socialnega varstva a) healthcare; SV sociala förmåner b) sickness cash benefits; NO ytelser knyttet til sosial sikkerhet (b); ytingar c) maternity and paternity benefits; knytte til sosial tryggleik (n) d) invalidity benefits; e) old-age pensions and benefits; f) survivors’ benefits; g) benefits in respect of accidents at work and occupational diseases; h) family benefits; i) unemployment benefits; j) guaranteed minimum resources; k) long-term care benefits.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

362 social security A

BG социлно осигуряване Definition B CS sociální zabezpečení A right to which every member of society is entitled to DE soziale Sicherheit realise through national effort and international coop- C EL κοινωνική ασφάλιση eration and in accordance with the organisation and ES seguridad social resources of each state, of the economic, social and D ET sotsiaalkindlustus cultural rights indispensable for their dignity and the FI sosiaaliturva free development of their personality. E FR sécurité sociale GA slándáil shóisialta Source F HU társadalombiztosítás Art. 22 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights IT sicurezza sociale G LT socialinė apsauga LV sociālais nodrošinājums H MT Sigurtà soċjali NL maatschappelijke zekerheid I PL zabezpieczenie socjalne PT segurança social J RO securitate socială SK sociálne zabezpečenie SL socialna varnost K SV social trygghet NO trygd L M

sponsor N

BG спонсор Definitions O CS osoba usilující o sloučení rodiny / In the global context, a person or entity which un- nositel oprávnění ke sloučení rodiny dertakes a (legal, financial or personal) engagement, P DE Zusammenführender / Sponsor promise or pledge, on behalf of another. EL συντηρών Q ES reagrupante In the EU context of family reunification, a third-coun- ET sponsor try national residing lawfully in an EU Member State R FI perheenkokoaja and applying, or whose family members apply, for FR regroupant family reunification to be joined with them. GA urraitheoir S Sources HU családegyesítő (only in context of family T reunification) General context: developed by EMN IT sponsor / soggiornante (familiare che inoltra EU context: Art. 2(c) of Council Directive 2003/86/EC richiesta di ricongiungimento familiare) (Family Reunification Directive) U LT globėjas Related terms LV galvotājs / garantētājs V ★★ MT Garanti / Sponsor dependant ★★ family member NL gezinshereniger / referent / hoofdpersoon W PL sponsor Note PT requerente de reagrupamento familiar X According to this concept, everyone has the right RO sponsor to a standard of living adequate for the health and SK garant / sponzor Y well-being of themselves and of their families, includ- SL sponzor / pokrovitelj ing food, clothing, housing and medical care, and nec- SV referensperson Z essary social services, and the right to security in the NO referanseperson / sponsor event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widow- hood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond their control (Art. 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights). 363

spontaneous migration

BG no translation Definition S CS spontánní migrace The movement of a person or a group of persons who DE spontane Migration initiate and proceed with their migration plans without EL αυτόβουλη μετανάστευση / εκούσια any outside assistance. μετανάστευση ES migración espontánea Source ET spontaanne ränne IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 FI spontaani / oma-aloitteinen maahanmuutto FR migration spontanée Broader term GA imirce spontáineach ★★ migration HU spontán migráció Related term IT migrazione spontanea ★★ immigration programme LT spontaniška migracija LV spontāna migrācija Notes MT Migrazzjoni spontanja 1. Spontaneous migration is usually caused by push- NL spontane migratie pull factors and is characterised by the lack of state PL spontaniczna migracja assistance or any other type of international or na- PT migração espontânea tional assistance. RO migraţie spontană 2. The term is not in common use. SK spontánna migrácia SL spontana migracija SV spontan migration NO spontan migrasjon

standard of proof

BG изискване за доказване Definitions CS stav věci, o němž nejsou důvodné pochybnosti In the global context, the degree or level of persua- DE Beweisanforderung siveness of the evidence required in a specific case. EL επίπεδο αποδείξεως / πρότυπο αποδείξεως / βάρος αποδείξεως In the context of international protection, the degree ES nivel de prueba or level of persuasiveness of the evidence required (as ET tõendamisstandard the threshold to be met) by the applicants in persuad- FI näyttökynnys ing the adjudicators as to the truth of the facts of the FR niveau de preuve claim there is a well-founded fear of persecution. GA caighdeán cruthúnais HU bizonyítás foka Sources IT grado di intensità della prova global context: IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd. Ed. LT įrodymams keliami reikalavimai 2011 LV pierādījumu kopums international protection context: derived by EMN based MT standard ta' evidenza on EASO Practical guide: evidence assessment, 2015 NL bewijsstandaard / bewijsvoeringsnorm and UNHCR: Note on Burden and Standard of Proof, 16 PL standard dowodu December 1998 PT nível dos elementos de prova Note RO SK miera dokazovania It is the applicant’s responsibility to prove facts in sup- SL dokazni standard port of their claim. Facts which need to the 'proved' SV beviskrav are those which concern the background and personal NO beviskrav experiences of the applicant which purportedly have given rise to fear of persecution and the resultant un- willingness to avail themselves of the protection of

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION the country of origin.

364 stateless person A

BG лице без гражданство Definition B CS osoba bez státní příslušnosti Person who is not considered as a national by any DE Staatenloser state under the operation of its law. C EL ανιθαγενής ES apátrida Source D ET kodakondsuseta isik Art. 1 of UN Convention relating to the Status of FI kansalaisuudeton Stateless Persons E FR apatride Note GA duine gan stát F HU hontalan The definition also includes a person whose nationali- IT apolide ty is not established. G LT asmuo be pilietybės LV bezvalstnieks H MT Persuna apolida / bla stat NL staatloze I PL bezpaństwowiec PT apátrida J RO apatrid SK osoba bez štátneho občianstva / osoba bez štátnej príslušnosti K SL apatrid / oseba brez državljanstva SV statslös L NO statsløs person (b); statslaus person (n) M

statutory refugee N O BG no translation Definition CS statutární uprchlík Person considered to be a refugee (according to the P DE statutärer Flüchtling criteria of Art. 1A(I) of the Geneva Refugee Conven- EL αναγνωρισμένος πρόσφυγας tion and Protocol) under the provision of the inter- Q ES refugiado bajo instrumentos anteriores a la national instruments preceding the Geneva Conven- Convención de 1951 tion of 1951 or a person who has been recognised as ET statuudipagulane a refugee by the former International Refugee Organ- R FI pakolaisaseman saanut henkilö / isation during the period of its activities. sääntömääräinen pakolainen S FR réfugié statutaire Source GA dídeanaí de réir reachta Derived by EMN from the UNHCR International The- T HU történelmi menekült saurus of Refugee Terminology IT rifugiato titolare dello status prima della U Notes Convenzione di Ginevra del 1951 LT pabėgėlis pagal susitarimus 1. These instruments are: The Arrangements with re- V LV statūtbēglis gard to Russian and Armenian Refugees of 12 May MT Rifuġjat(a) statutarju(-a) 1926, the Arrangement with regard to Turkish and As- W NL erkende vluchteling / verdragsvluchteling syrian Refugees of 30 June 1928, the Conventions of PL uchodźca statutowy 28 October 1933 and 10 February 1938, the Protocol X PT refugiado estatutário of 14 September 1939 and the Constitution of the RO refugiat statutar International Refugee Organisation. Y SK štatutárny utečenec 2. This type of status is normally no longer granted, although the term is still used by the SL statusni begunec United Nations Z SV konventionsflykting High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in its NO statuttflyktning activities.

365 stock of foreigners

BG брой на чуждите граждани Definition S CS počet cizinců (stav k) The number of foreign nationals in a given area on a DE Bestand der ausländischen Wohnbevölkerung certain date (e.g. 1 January or 31 December) of the EL απόθεμα πληθυσμού αλλοδαπών year in question. ES stock de población extranjera ET välismaalaste arv Source FI ulkomaalaisväestön määrä Developed by EMN FR stock de population étrangère / stock d’étrangers Broader term GA líon eachtrannach / stoc eachtrannach ★★ foreign population of a country HU külföldi népesség száma Narrower term IT stock di popolazione straniera ★★ migrant stock LT užsieniečių skaičius LV ārzemnieku skaits (1. janvārī) Related term MT Rendikont tal-barranin / Rendikont tal- ★★ population stock Popolazzjoni Barranija Notes NL bevolking van buitenlandse nationaliteit PL populacja cudzoziemców w danym momencie 1. The term is added because of the two methods PT stock de população estrangeira / stock de used to calculate population stock. estrangeiros 2. Foreign stock can include migrants plus those born RO stoc de străini in a given area to foreign parents living in given area. SK stav cudzincov / počet cudzincov SL število tujcev SV antal utländska medborgare NO antall utenlandske borgere (b); tal på utanlandske borgarar (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

366 stock of pending cases (in procedures for international protection) A

BG брой висящи дела Definition B CS množství žádostí v řízení (ve věci mezinárodní The number of formally lodged applications for in- ochrany) ternational protection which have not yet received C DE bestehende anhängige Verfahren a decisions in each stage of the procedure for inter- (bei Verfahren zur Anerkennung auf national protection (first instance and final appeal) D internationalen Schutz) / Bestand an at the end of the reference period. anhängigen Verfahren E EL αριθμός εκκρεμουσών υποθέσεων (κατά τη Source διαδικασία διεθνούς προστασίας) Derived by EMN from EASO Quarterly Asylum Report F ES stock de solicitudes pendientes de resolver (en procedimientos de protección internacional) G ET pooleliolevate juhtumite arv (rahvusvahelise kaitse menetlustes) H FI päätöstä odottavien (kansainvälistä suojelua koskevien) turvapaikkahakemusten määrä I FR stock de dossiers en attente (dans les procédures d'octroi de la protection internationale) J GA Líon na gcásanna ar feitheamh (i nósanna imeachta um chosaint idirnáisiúnta) K HU függőben lévő ügyek száma (nemzetközi védelem megadására irányuló eljárás során) L IT stock di casi pendenti (nelle procedure di protezione internazionale) M LT nagrinėjamų bylų skaičius (prieglobsčio procedūroje) N LV izskatīšanā esošo lietu skaits MT numru ta' każijiet pendenti (fil-proċeduri għal O protezzjoni internazzjonali) NL voorraad van hangende zaken P PL liczba rozpatrywanych wniosków (w procedurze udzielania ochrony Q miedzynarodowej) PT número de processos pendentes (pedidos de R proteção internacional) RO S SK stav prebiehajúcich konaní (o medzinárodnej ochrane) / stav žiadostí v riešení (v konaniach T o medzinárodnej ochrane) SL zaloga nerešenih primerov (v postopkih U mednarodne zaščite) SV ärendebalans (gällande ansökningar om internationellt skydd) V NO restanse (ved behandling av søknader om internasjonal beskyttelse) (b); restanse (ved W handsaming av søknadar om internasjonalt vern (n) X Y

367 Stockholm Programme

BG Стокхолмска програма Definition S CS Stockholmský program A five-year political, strategic document describing the DE Stockholmer Programm focus of cooperation in the policy areas of justice and EL Πρόγραμμα της Στοκχόλμης home affairs of the EU Member States for the years ES Programa de Estocolmo 2010 to 2014. ET Stockholmi programm FI Tukholman ohjelma Source FR Programme de Stockholm European Commission Communication on an ara GA Clár Stócólm of freedom, security and justice serving the citizen, HU Stockholmi Program COM(2009) 262 final IT Programma di Stoccolma Notes LT Stokholmo programa LV Stokholmas programma 1. The Stockholm Programme is the third pro- MT Programm (Il-) ta’ Stokkolma gramme in this area. The first programme was adopt- NL Programma van Stockholm ed in 1999 in Tampere. The second programme, the PL Program Sztokholmski Hague Programme, was adopted in 2004 and expired PT Programa de Estocolmo in December 2009. RO Programul de la Stockholm 2. The Programme contains guidelines for common SK Štokholmský program politics on the topics of protection of fundamental SL Stockholmski program rights, privacy, minority rights and the rights of groups SV Stockholmsprogrammet of people in need of special protection, as well as cit- NO Stockholm-programmet izenship of the European Union. The programme also outlines plans for measures in the area of border-crossing data exchange between State authorities and surveillance of the Internet. The Programme’s work programme also attaches great importance to how the EU should work to guarantee respect for fundamental freedoms and privacy, while guaranteeing security in Europe. Chapter 5 specifically outlines the priorities in migration and asylum matters ( based on the principles and objectives of the Pact on Immigration and Asylum). It underlines that solidarity is an important objective of a common immigration and asylum policy and that the EU should provide support to EU Member States most exposed to migratory pressures. 3. For more information, see the Communication on an area of freedom, security and justice serving the citizen (Stockholm Programme). COM (2009) 262 final .

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

368 stranded migrant A

BG no translation Definition B CS cizinec, kterému brání ve vycestování překážka A migrant who for reasons beyond their control has na jeho vůli nezávislá been unintentionally forced to stay in a country. C DE gestrandeter Migrant (term is not used in AT, DE, LU) Source D EL εγκλωβισμένος μετανάστης Developed by EMN ES migrante desamparado E ET juhusisserändaja (no usual translation) Broader term FI maahan jäämään joutunut siirtolainen / No ★★ migrant F usual translation Notes FR migrant en détresse / migrant bloqué There is no legal definition of the term 'stranded G GA imirceach sáinnithe 1. migrant'; however, the term has been used by aca- HU megfeneklett migránsok demics and organisations such as the H IT migrante bloccato International Organization for Migration (IOM) since 2006. LT migrantas, atsidūręs sunkioje padėtyje 2. According to UNESCO, migrants may become I LV grūtā stāvoklī nonācis migrants stranded due to circumstances in the country of ori- MT Migrant(a) imwaħħal (imwaħħla) fil-post gin, a position of prolonged detention or practical dif- NL gestrande migrant J ficulties. Stranded migrants may be individuals whose PL migrant przymusowy claim for refugee status has been rejected. PT migrante retido K 3. For further information, see UNESCO’s People RO migrant forţat să rămână pe teritoriu on the Move Handbook. SK uviaznutý migrant L SL ujet migrant SV strandsatt migrant M NO migrant med påtvunget opphold (b); migrant med påtvinga opphald (n) N

O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

369 Strategic Committee on Immigration, Frontiers and Asylum (SCIFA)

BG Стратегически комитет по имиграция, Definition S граници и убежище A forum for the exchange of information amongst CS Strategický výbor pro přistěhovalectví, hranice the EU Member States, consisting of senior officials a azyl in the fields ofasylum, immigration and frontiers, DE Strategisches Komitee für Einwanderungs-, which aims to implement a European Union strategic Grenz- und Asylfragen approach to matters related to asylum, immigration EL Στρατηγική Επιτροπή για τη Μετανάστευση, τα and frontiers. Σύνορα και το Άσυλο ES Comité Estratégico de Inmigración, Fronteras Source y Asilo Note from the President of the EU Council to SCIFA, ET Strateegiline sisserände-, piiride ja Document 17476/10 varjupaigakomitee FI Maahanmuutto-, raja- ja turvapaikka-asioiden Synonym strateginen komitea ★★ SCIFA FR Comité stratégique sur l’immigration, les Related term frontières et l’asile ★★ High-Level Working Group (HLWG) on Asylum GA an Coiste Straitéiseach um Inimirce, and Migration Teorainneacha agus Tearmann HU Bevándorlással, Határokkal és Menekültüggyel Notes Foglalkozó Stratégiai Bizottság 1. SCIFA was set up as part of a new working struc- IT Comitato Strategico in materia di ture to prepare the Council’s discussions with regard Immigrazione, Frontiere e Asilo to immigration, frontiers and asylum. SCIFA focuses LT Imigracijos, sienų ir prieglobsčio strateginis on in-depth discussions on issues of a more strategic komitetas nature, such as politically important issues and issues LV Imigrācijas, robežu un patvēruma jautājumu of a horizontal or cross-cutting character to deal with stratēģiskā komiteja questions arising from Articles 62, 63 and 64 of the MT Kumitat Strateġiku dwar l-Immigrazzjoni, Treaty of the European Community (TEC) with a view il‑Fruntieri u l-Ażil to synthesising and, where necessary, solving them NL Strategisch Comité immigratie, grenzen en and to give substantive input to Coreper’s discussions. asiel SCIFA provides its conclusions to Coreper, after which PL Strategiczny Komitet ds. Imigracji, Granic i they are considered by the Justice and Home Affairs Azylu (JHA) Council. PT Comité Estratégico Imigração, Fronteiras e 2. SCIFA can create Working Parties (e.g. Working Par- Asilo ty on Migration and Expulsion) to consider in detail the RO Comitetul Strategic pentru Imigraţie, Frontiere specific proposals tabled by the European Commis- şi Azil sion. These Working Parties report on their outcomes SK Strategický výbor pre prisťahovalectvo, to SCIFA. hranice a azyl SL Strateški odbor za priseljevanje, meje in azil SV Strategiska kommittén för invandring, gränser och asyl NO Strategikomité for innvandrings-, grense- og asylspørsmål

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

370 student A

BG студент Definition B CS student In the EU migration context, a third-country nation- DE Student al accepted by an establishment of higher education C EL φοιτητής / σπουδαστης and admitted to the territory of an EU Member State ES estudiante to pursue as their main activity a full-time course of D ET (üli)õpilane study leading to a higher education qualification rec- FI opiskelija ognised by the EU Member State, including diplomas, E FR étudiant certificates or doctoral degrees, which may cover a GA mac léinn preparatory course prior to such education according F HU diák to its national legislation. IT studente G LT studentas Source LV students Art. 2(b) of Council Directive 2004/114/EC (Student H MT Student(a) Directive) NL student Related terms I PL student ★★ researcher PT estudante ★★ school pupil J RO student SK študent SL študent K SV student NO Student L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

371 subsequent application for international protection

BG последваща молба за международна Definition S закрила A further application for international protection CS následná žádost o mezinárodní ochranu made after afinal decision has been taken on a pre- DE Folgeantrag auf internationalen Schutz vious application, including cases where the applicant EL μεταγενέστερη αίτηση διεθνούς προστασίας has explicitly withdrawn their application and cases ES solicitud posterior de protección internacional where the determining authority has rejected an ET korduv rahvusvahelise kaitse taotlus application following its implicit withdrawal in accord- FI myöhempi kansainvälistä suojelua koskeva ance with Art. 28 (1) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast hakemus Asylum Procedures Directive). FR demande ultérieure de protection internationale Source GA iarratas iardain ar chosaint idirnáisiúnta Art. 2(q) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Pro- HU ismételt menedékkérelem cedures Directive) IT domanda reiterata di protezione Broader term internazionale LT paskesnis prašymas suteikti tarptautinę ★★ application for international protection apsaugą (EU acquis); pakartotinis prašymas suteikti prieglobstį LV atkārtots iesniegums par starptautiskās aizsardzības statusa piešķiršanu MT Applikazzjoni / Talba sussegwenti għall- protezzjoni internazzjonali NL volgend verzoek om internationale bescherming PL kolejny wniosek o ochronę międzynarodową PT pedido subsequente de proteção internacional RO cerere ulterioară SK následná žiadosť o medzinárodnú ochranu / následná žiadosť o udelenie medzinárodnej ochrany SL ponovna prošnja za mednarodno zaščito SV efterföljande ansökan om internationellt skydd NO ny søknad om internasjonal beskyttelse (b); ny søknad om internasjonalt vern (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

372 subsidiary protection A

BG субсидиарна закрила Definition B CS doplňková ochrana The protection given to a third-country national or DE subsidiärer Schutz a stateless person who does not qualify as a refu- C EL επικουρική προστασία gee but in respect of whom substantial grounds have ES protección subsidiaria been shown for believing that the person concerned, if D ET täiendav kaitse returned to their country of origin, or in the case of FI toissijainen suojelu a stateless person to their country of former habitual E FR protection subsidiaire residence, would face a real risk of suffering seri- GA cosaint choimhdeach ous harm as defined in Art. 15 of Directive 2011/95/ F HU kiegészítő védelem EU (Recast Qualification Directive), and to whom Art. IT protezione sussidiaria 17(1) and (2) of this Directive do not apply, and is una- G LT papildoma apsauga ble or, owing to such risk, unwilling to avail themselves LV alternatīvā aizsardzība of the protection of that country. H MT Protezzjoni sussidjarja Source NL subsidiaire bescherming I PL ochrona (uzupełniająca) Derived by EMN from Art. 2(f) of Directive 2011/95/EC (Recast Qualification Directive) PT proteção subsidiária J RO protecţie subsidiară Broader term SK doplnková ochrana ★★ international protection SL subsidiarna zaščita K SV subsidiärt skydd Narrower term L NO subsidiær beskyttelse (b); subsidiært vern (n) ★★ person eligible for subsidiary protection Related terms M ★★ (civil) war refugee ★★ humanitarian protection N ★★ temporary protection Note O This term is not used in UK (see ‘humanitarian pro- P tection’). Q

R S T U V W X Y Z

373 subsidiary protection status

BG статут на субсидиарна закрила Definition S CS status doplňkové ochrany The recognition by an EU Member State of a DE subsidiärer Schutzstatus third-country national or a stateless person as a EL καθεστώς επικουρικής προστασίας person eligible for subsidiary protection. ES estatuto de protección subsidiaria ET täiendava kaitse seisund Source FI toissijainen suojeluasema Art. 2(g) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification FR statut conféré par la protection subsidiaire / Directive) statut de protection subsidiaire GA stádas cosanta coimhdí Broader term HU kiegészítő védelmi jogállás ★★ subsidiary protection IT status di protezione sussidiaria Related terms LT papildomos apsaugos statusas ★★ beneficiary of subsidiary protection LV alternatīvās aizsardzības statuss ★★ refugee status MT Status ta’ protezzjoni sussidjarja ★★ withdrawal of international protection NL subsidiaire beschermingsstatus PL status ochrony uzupełniającej PT estatuto de proteção subsidiária RO statut de protecţie subsidiară SK status doplnkovej ochrany / štatút doplnkovej ochrany SL status subsidiarne zaščite SV status som subsidiärt skyddsbehövande NO status for subsidiær beskyttelse (b); status for subsidiært vern (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

374 suspensive effect A

BG суспензивен ефект Definition B CS odkladný účinek A consequence of an appeal, which suspends the DE aufschiebende Wirkung enforceability of a challenged decision allowing the C EL ανασταλτικό αποτέλεσμα appellant to remain in a host country pending the ES efecto suspensivo outcome. D ET edasilükkav toime FI lykkäävä vaikutus Source E FR effet suspensif Developed by EMN GA éifeacht fionraíochta Synonyms F HU halasztó hatály IT effetto sospensivo ★★ right to remain pending the examination of an application G LT stabdomasis poveikis ★★ right to remain pending the decision LV atliekošs efekts H MT Posponiment / Sospensjoni bħala Broader term konsegwenza (b’effett) ta’ ★★ legal remedy I NL schorsende werking Notes PL skutek zawieszający J PT efeito suspensivo 1. The Directive 2013/32/EU/ (Recast Asylum Proce- RO efect suspensiv dures Directive) recognises in Art. 9 an automatic right K SK odkladný účinok of applicants to remain in the Member State, for SL suspenzivni učinek /odložilni učinek the sole purpose of the procedure, until the determin- SV suspensiv effekt ing authority has made a decision in accordance with L NO utsettende virkning (b); utsetjande verknad (n) the procedures at first instance, and in Art. 46(3) – in line with international refugee law and with the M jurisprudence of the European Courts – an automatic right of applicants appealing against negative deci- N sions to remain in the territory of the concerned EU Member State. O 2. In some circumstances (listed in Art. 46(6) of Di- rective 2013/32/EU), such as decisions considering P an application to be manifestly unfounded in accordance with Art. 32(2) or unfounded after examination Q in accordance with Art. 31(8), the suspensive effect of appeal is not automatic. However, the possibili- R ty remains to request a court or tribunal for a right to stay, pending the second instance decision (Art. 46 S (3) of Directive 2013/32/EU). T

U V W X Y Z

375 temporary external border

BG временна външна граница Definitions T CS dočasná vnější hranice (a) The common border between an EU Member State DE vorläufige Außengrenze fully implementing the Schengen acquis and a EU EL προσωρινά εξωτερικά σύνορα Member State bound to apply the Schengen acquis ES frontera temporal exterior in full, in conformity with its Act of Accession, but for ET ajutine välispiir which the relevant Council Decision authorising it to FI väliaikainen ulkoraja fully apply that acquis has not entered into force. FR frontière extérieure temporaire GA teorainn sheachtrach shealadach (b) The common border between two EU Member HU ideiglenes külső határ States bound to apply the Schengen acquis in full, in IT frontiera esterna temporanea conformity with their respective Acts of Accession, but LT laikinoji išorės siena for which the relevant Council Decision authorising LV pagaidu ārējā robeža them to fully apply that acquis has not yet enter MT Fruntiera esterna temporanja / Konfini esterni temporanji Source NL tijdelijke buitengrens Art. 2 (2) of Council Decision 574/2007/EC (External PL tymczasowa granica zewnętrzna Border Fund Decision) PT fronteira externa temporária RO frontieră externă temporară SK dočasná vonkajšia hranica SL začasna zunanja meja SV tillfälliga yttre gränser NO midlertidig ytre grense (b); mellombels ytre grense (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

376 temporary migration A

BG временна миграция Definition B CS dočasná migrace Migration for a specific motivation and/or purpose DE temporäre Migration with the intention that afterwards there will be are - C EL προσωρινή μετανάστευση turn to the country of origin or onward movement. ES migración temporal D ET ajutine sisseränne Source FI tilapäinen maahanmuutto Developed by EMN E FR migration temporaire Broader term GA imirce shealadach F HU ideiglenes migráció ★★ migration IT migrazione temporanea Related terms G LT trumpalaikė migracija ★★ long-term migration LV īslaicīga migrācija ★★ short-term migration H MT Migrazzjoni temporanja NL tijdelijke migratie Note I PL migracja tymczasowa With regard to the development of EU policy, this may PT migração temporária be seen in the context of inter alia circular migra- J RO migraţie temporară tion and/or seasonal workers. SK dočasná migrácia SL začasna migracija K SV tillfällig migration NO midlertidig migrasjon (b); mellombels L migrasjon (n) M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

377 temporary protection

BG временна закрила Definition T CS dočasná ochrana A procedure of exceptional character to provide, in the DE vorübergehender Schutz event of a mass influx or imminent mass influx of EL προσωρινή προστασία displaced persons from third countries who are ES protección temporal unable to return to their country of origin, immedi- ET ajutine kaitse ate and temporary protection to such persons, in par- FI tilapäinen suojelu ticular if there is also a risk that the asylum system FR protection temporaire will be unable to process this influx without adverse GA cosaint shealadach effects for its efficient operation, in the interests of HU ideiglenes védelem the persons and other persons requesting protection. IT protezione temporanea LT laikinoji apsauga Source LV pagaidu aizsardzība Art. 2(a) of Council Directive 2001/55/EC (Temporary MT Protezzjoni temporanja Protection Directive) NL tijdelijke bescherming Broader term PL tymczasowa ochrona ★★ protection PT proteção temporária RO protecţie temporară Related terms SK dočasná ochrana (EU acquis); dočasné ★★ (civil) war refugee útočisko ★★ displacement SL začasna zaščita ★★ international protection SV tillfälligt skydd ★★ mass influx NO midlertidig beskyttelse (b); mellombels vern ★★ subsidiary protection (n) Note In LV, temporary protection is granted for a specified period of time if the applicant needs protection because they have been forced to leave their country of citizenship or, if the persons are stateless persons, their country of former residence due to ethnic conflict or civil war.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

378 third country A

BG трета страна Definition B CS třetí země A country that is not a member of the European Un- DE Drittstaat ion as well as a country or territory whose citizens do C EL τρίτη χώρα not enjoy the European Union right to free move- ES tercer país ment, as defined in Art. 2(5) of the Regulation (EU) D ET kolmas riik 2016/399 (Schengen Borders Code) FI kolmas maa E FR pays tiers Source GA tríú tír Derived by EMN from the description of ‘free move- F HU harmadik ország ment of citizens’ on the website of Eurofound IT paese terzo Narrower terms G LT trečioji šalis ★★ LV trešā valsts safe third country ★★ H MT Pajjiż terz third-country national NL derde land I PL kraj trzeci PT país terceiro J RO ţară / stat terţ SK tretia krajina SL tretja država K SV tredjeland NO tredjeland L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

379 third-country national

BG гражданин на трета страна Definition T CS státní příslušník třetí země Any person who is not a citizen of the European Union DE Drittstaatsangehöriger within the meaning of Art. 20(1) of TFEU and who is EL υπήκοος τρίτης χώρας / πολίτης τρίτης χώρας not a person enjoying the European Union right to ES nacional de tercer país free movement, as defined in Art. 2(5) of the Regu- ET kolmanda riigi kodanik lation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen Borders Code). FI kolmannen maan kansalainen FR ressortissant d’un pays tiers Sources GA náisiúnach tríú tír Art. 3(1) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) HU harmadik országbeli állampolgár and IT cittadino di un paese terzo Art. 2(6) of Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen Bor- LT trečiosios šalies pilietis ders Code) LV trešās valsts pilsonis Synonym MT Ċittadin(a) ta’ pajjiż terz ★★ TCN NL onderdaan van een derde land / derdelander PL obywatel kraju trzeciego Broader terms PT nacional de país terceiro ★★ non-EU national RO cetăţean terţ / al unui stat terţ ★★ third country SK štátny príslušník tretej krajiny / ŠPTK SL državljan tretje države Related terms SV tredjelandsmedborgare ★★ alien NO tredjelandsborger (b); tredjelandsborgar (n) ★★ union citizen Notes 1. According to this definition, nationals of NO, IS, LI and CH are not considered to be third-country nationals. This is also consistent with Art. 2(6) of Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen Borders Code). 2. The Migration Statistics Regulation (Regulation (EC) No 862/2007) has a slightly different definition for a third-country national, which considers nationals of NO, IS, LI and CH as third-country nationals. This definition is also applied in Council Directive 2009/50/ EC (Blue Card Directive), Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunification Directive), Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents Directive), Directive 2005/71/EC (Re- searchers Directive) and Directive 2004/114/EC (Stu- dents Directive). This definition was considered to be too narrow for use by the EMN. 3. Nationals of Micro-States (Monaco, San Marino, Vatican City) are treated as third-country nationals since, although there are no border controls, there is no formal agreement for them to be 'beneficiaries of the free movement of persons' as defined in theEU acquis. This also means that they cannot be part of the Schengen Agreement.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

380 third-country national found to be illegally present A

BG незаконно пребиваващ гражданин на трета Definition B страна A third-country national who is officially found to CS státní příslušník třetí země, u kterého bylo be on the territory of an EU Member State and who C zjištěno, že neoprávněně pobývá na území does not fullfil, or no longer fulfils, the conditions for DE Drittstaatsangehöriger, dessen illegaler stay or residence in that EU Member State. D Aufenthalt festgestellt wird EL παράνομα διαμένων υπήκοος (πολίτης) τρίτης Source E χώρας Art. 2(r) of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration ES nacional de tercer país detectado en situación Statistics Regulation) F irregular Synonyms ET ebaseaduslikult riigis viibiv kolmanda riigi G kodanik ★★ illegally resident migrant FI laittomasti maassa oleskeleva kolmannen ★★ illegally staying migrant maan kansalainen ★★ illegally staying third-country national H FR ressortissant de pays tiers en situation illégale Broader terms (acquis UE) ; ressortissant de pays tiers en I ★★ irregular migrant situation irrégulière (FR) ; ressortissant de ★★ irregular stay pays tiers en séjour irrégulier / illégal (BE, LU) J GA náisiúnach tríú tír a shuitear a bheith i láthair Narrower term go neamhdhleathach ★★ overstayer K HU harmadik országbeli állampolgárok, akikről Related terms megállapították, hogy illegálisan tartózkodnak L ★★ apprehension IT cittadino di un paese terzo presente ★★ illegal employment of an illegally staying irregolarmente M third-country national LT neteisėtai esantis trečiosios šalies pilietis LV trešās valsts pilsonis, kurš nelikumīgi uzturas Note N dalībvalstī Directive 2009/52/EC (Employer Sanctions Directive) MT Ċittadin(a) ta’ pajjiż terz preżenti illegalment uses the term 'illegally staying third-country national' O NL onderdaan van een derde land van wie de with the same definition. illegale aanwezigheid op het grondgebied is P vastgesteld PL obywatele krajów trzecich, co do których Q stwierdzono fakt nielegalnego przebywania PT nacionais de países terceiros detetados em R situação ilegal RO cetăţean terţ depistat cu şedere ilegală S SK štátny príslušník tretej krajiny neoprávnene sa zdržiavajúci na území členského štátu EÚ SL državljan tretje države za katerega se ugotovi, T da nezakonito prebiva SV olagligt närvarande tredjelandsmedborgare U NO tredjelandsborger med ulovlig opphold (b); tredjelandsborgar med ulovleg opphald (n) V W

X Y Z

381 torture

BG изтезания Related terms T CS mučení ★★ serious harm DE Folter ★★ vulnerable person EL βασανιστήρια ES tortura Notes ET piinamine 1. The term does not include pain or suffering arising FI kidutus only from, inherent in or incidental to lawful sanctions. FR torture 2. The right to freedom from torture is enshrined GA céasadh in many international treaties, most notably the Inter- HU kínzás national Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) IT tortura and the UN Convention against Torture (UNCAT). The LT kankinimas acceptance that torture is forbidden under any cir- LV spīdzināšana cumstances, including war, public emergency or ter- MT Tortura rorist threat, indicates that universally it is considered NL foltering as a fundamental principle of customary international PL tortury law. This means that even States that have not ratified PT tortura any of the international treaties explicitly prohibiting RO tortură torture are banned from using it against anyone, any- SK mučenie where, under any circumstances. SL mučenje 3. Regional conventions, such as the European Con- SV tortyr vention on Human Rights (Art. 3) and the Charter NO tortur of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (Art. 4), also recognise torture as a prohibited act. Definitions 4. Both the UNCAT and the Geneva Refugee Con- Any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether vention and Protocol expressly prohibit the forced physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a per- return of an asylum seeker to a country where they son for such purposes as obtaining from them or a may be at risk of torture. third person information or a confession, punishing 5. In the EU, Art. 21 of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast them for an act they or a third person has committed Receptions Conditions Directive) explicitly consid- or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating ers the situation of vulnerable asylum seekers with or coercing them or a third person, or for any reason special needs, including victims of torture. EU Mem- based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain ber States are obliged to identify victims of torture or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or within the asylum procedure and to assess whether with the consent or acquiescence of a public official they have special reception needs, including the need or other person acting in an official capacity. to access appropriate medical and psychological treatment or care. In the context of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, deliberate inhuman treatment causing very serious and cruel suffering. Sources global context: Art. 1 of UN Convention against Tor- ture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treat- ment or Punishment context of the ECHR: ECHR: Case of Ireland vs United Kingdom, Judgment of 18 January 1978, A 25, para. 167.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

382 total migration A

BG общ размер на миграцията Definition B CS celková migrace The sum of the immigrations and emigrations DE Wanderungsvolumen which yields the total volume of migration. C EL συνολική μετανάστευση ES migración total Source D ET rände koguarv Towards Harmonised European Statistics on Interna- FI kokonaismuutto tional Migration (THESIM) project E FR volume migratoire Related terms GA imirce iomlán F HU teljes migráció ★★ crude rate of net migration ★★ migration flow IT migrazione totale G LT bendra migracija ★★ net migration ★★ population stock LV migrācijas apjoms / bruto migrācija H MT Migrazzjoni totali NL totale migratie I PL migracja (brutto) PT migração bruta J RO migraţie totală SK celková migrácia SL skupna migracija K SV bruttomigration NO samlet migrasjon (b); samla migrasjon (n) L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

383 trafficking in human beings

BG трафик на хора Definition T CS obchodování s lidmi The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring DE Menschenhandel or reception of persons, including the exchange or EL εμπορία ανθρώπων transfer of control over those persons, by means of ES trata de seres humanos the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, ET inimkaubandus of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of FI ihmiskauppa power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving FR traite des êtres humains or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the GA gáinneáil i ndaoine consent of a person having control over another per- HU emberkereskedelem son, for the purpose of exploitation. IT tratta di esseri umani LT prekyba žmonėmis Source LV cilvēku tirdzniecība Art. 2 of Directive 2011/36/EU (Trafficking Directive) MT Traffikar ta’ Persuni Synonym NL mensenhandel ★★ human trafficking PL handel ludźmi PT tráfico de seres humanos Narrower terms RO trafic de fiinţe umane ★★ detection of a victim of trafficking in human SK obchodovanie s ľuďmi beings SL trgovina z ljudmi ★★ identification of a victim of trafficking in hu- SV människohandel man beings NO menneskehandel Related terms ★★ exploitation ★★ national referral mechanism ★★ Palermo Protocol Notes 1. A position of vulnerability means a situation in which the person concerned has no real or acceptable alternative but to submit to the abuse involved. 2. Exploitation includes, as a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, including begging, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude, or the exploitation of criminal activities, or the removal of organs. 3. The EU anti-trafficking website provides a one- stop-shop for practitioners and the public interested in the problem of trafficking.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

384 trainee A

BG стажант Definition B CS stážista In the EU migration context, a worker whose presence DE Auszubildender in the territory of an EU Member State is strictly lim- C EL εκπαιδευόμενος ited in duration and closely connected with increasing ES persona en prácticas their skills and qualifications in their chosen profes- D ET praktikant sion before returning to their own countries to pursue FI harjoittelija their careers. E FR stagiaire GA duine faoi oiliúint Source F HU gyakornok Council Resolution of 20 June 1994 on limitation on IT tirocinante / apprendista admission of third-country nationals to the territory of G LT stažuotojas the Member States for employment LV stažieris Narrower terms H MT Persuna titħarreġ / fuq taħriġ ★★ remunerated trainee NL stagiair ★★ unremunerated trainee I PL stażysta PT estagiário / formando J RO stagiar SK stážista SL pripravnik K SV praktikant NO praktikant L M

transfer order N BG заповед за прехвърляне Definition O CS rozhodnutí o transferu / The formal obligation of an applicant for interna- rozhodnutí o přemístění tional protection to leave an EU Member State and, P DE Überstellungsanordnung within a specified period, go to the designated EU EL εντολή μεταφοράς Member State responsible for examining their appli- Q ES orden de traslado cation for international protection. ET üleandmise otsus (no usual translation) FI siirtomääräys Source R FR obligation de transfert Derived by EMN from Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 GA ordú um aistriú (Dublin III Regulation) S HU átadásról rendelkező végzés Broader term IT ordine di trasferimento T LT nurodymas perduoti ★★ Dublin transfer LV lēmums par patvēruma meklētāja pārsūtīšanu Related terms U MT Ordni ta’ trasferiment ★★ Dublin Convention V NL overdrachtsbevel ★★ Dublin Regulation PL No translation PT decisão de transferência W RO ordin de transfer SK príkaz na presun / príkaz na transfer X SL nalog za transfer SV beslut om överföring Y NO overføringsvedtak Z

385 transit

BG транзит Definitions CS U T tranzit In the context of migration, passage through a coun- DE Durchreise / Transit try of transit of a third-country national travelling EL διέλευση from their country of origin to an EU Member State. ES tránsito ET läbisõit / transiit In the context of a vias, passage through (a) EU Mem- FI kauttakulku ber State(s) of a third-country national travelling FR transit from one third country to another third country. GA idirthuras HU tranzit Sources IT transito Context of migration: Developed by EMN LT tranzitas Context of a visa: Derived by EMN from definition for LV tranzīts ‘transit visa’ in Common Consular Instructions on vi- MT Transitu sas (2005/C 326/01) NL transit / doorreis PL tranzyt PT trânsito RO tranzit SK tranzit SL tranzit SV transit NO transitt

travel document

BG документ за пътуване Definition CS cestovní doklad A document issued by a government or international DE Reisedokument treaty organisation which is acceptable proof of iden- EL ταξιδιωτικό έγγραφο tity for the purpose of entering another country. ES documento de viaje ET reisidokument Source FI matkustusasiakirja Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd FR document de voyage ed., 2011 GA doiciméad taistil Narrower term HU úti okmány IT documento di viaggio ★★ visa LT kelionės dokumentas Related terms LV ceļošanas dokuments ★★ fraudulent travel or identity document MT Dokument tal-ivvjaġġar ★★ residence document NL reisdocument PL dokument podróży Notes PT documento de viagem 1. Passports and visas are the most widely used RO document de călătorie forms of travel documents. SK cestovný doklad 2. Some States also accept certain identity cards SL potna listina or other documents, such as residence permits. SV resehandling NO reisedokument

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

386 unaccompanied minor A

BG непридружен непълнолетен Definitions B UCS nezletilý bez doprovodu A minor DE unbegleiteter Minderjähriger C EL ασυνόδευτος ανήλικος - who arrives on the territory of an EU Member unac- ES menor no acompañado (MENA) companied by the adult responsible for them by law D ET saatjata alaealine or by the practice of the EU Member State concerned, FI ilman huoltajaa oleva alaikäinen, yksin tullut and for as long as they are not effectively taken into E alaikäinen the care of such a person; or FR mineur non accompagné F GA mionaoiseach neamhthionlactha - who is left unaccompanied after they have entered HU kísérő nélküli kiskorú the territory of the EU Member State. G IT minore non accompagnato Source LT nelydimas nepilnametis H LV nepilngadīgais bez pavadības / nepilngadīga Art. 2(l) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) persona bez pavadības I MT Minorenni mhux akkumpanjat Synonyms NL alleenstaande minderjarige vreemdeling ★★ UAM PL małoletni bez opieki J ★★ unaccompanied and separated child PT menor não acompanhado ★★ UASC RO minor neînsoţit K SK maloletý bez sprievodu Broader term L SL mladoletnik brez spremstva ★★ separated child SV ensamkommande barn NO enslig mindreårig (b); einsleg mindreårig (n) Related terms M ★★ representative ★★ vulnerable person N Notes O 1. There are significant differences between EU Mem- ber States with respect to national definitions and re- P cording practices, for instance with regard to the age limit to be considered and whether or not they are Q unaccompanied. 2. In some (EU Member) States, statistics include all R those who claim they are unaccompanied minors (i.e. before an age assessment has confirmed this), where- S as other (Member) States only count those recognised as such by a competent authority (i.e. following an age assessment). T 3. For further information, see EMN: Policies on Re- ception, Return and Integration Arrangements for, and U numbers of, Unaccompanied Minors – an EU comparative study, 2009. An update of this 2009 study was V published in 2015 entitled ‘Policies, practices and data on unaccompanied minors in EU Member States and W Norway'. X Y Z

387 unfounded application for international protection

BG неоснователна молба за международна Definition U закрила An application which the determining authority has CS nedůvodná žádost o mezinárodní ochranu established as unfounded because the applicant does DE unbegründeter Antrag auf internationalen not qualify for international protection pursuant to Schutz Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive). EL αβάσιμη αίτηση για διεθνή προστασία ES solicitud infundada de protección internacional Source ET põhjendamatu rahvusvahelise kaitse taotlus Art. 32 of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Pro- FI perusteeton kansainvälistä suojelua koskeva cedures Directive) hakemus FR demande de protection internationale Broader term infondée ★★ application for international protection GA iarratas gan bhunús ar chosaint idirnáisiúnta Narrower term HU nem megalapozott menedékkérelem ★★ manifestly unfounded application for interna- IT domanda infondata per il riconoscimento della tional protection protezione internazionale LT nepagrįstas tarptautinės apsaugos prašymas Note (EU acquis); nepagrįstas prašymas suteikti EU Member States may also consider an application prieglobstį to be manifestly unfounded because of the exist- LV nepamatots starptautiskās aizsardzības ence of circumstances listed in Art. 31(8) of Directive pieteikums 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive). MT Applikazzjoni / Talba bla bażi għall-protezzjoni internazzjonali NL ongegrond verzoek om internationale bescherming PL bezzasadny wniosek o udzielenie ochrony międzynarodowej PT pedido de proteção internacional infundado RO cerere nefondată de protecţie intrnaţională SK neopodstatnená žiadosť o medzinárodnú ochranu / neopodstatnená žiadosť o udelenie medzinárodnej ochrany SL neutemeljena prošnja za mednarodno zaščito SV ogrundad ansökan NO grunnløs søknad om internasjonal beskyttelse (b); grunnlaus søknad om internasjonalt vern (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

388 union citizen A

BG гражданин на ЕС Definition B CS občan Evropské unie Any person having the citizenship of an EU Member DE Unionsbürger State. C EL πολίτης της Ένωσης ES ciudadano de la Unión Source D ET liidu kodanik Art. 20 (1) of Treaty of the Functioning of the EU FI unionin kansalainen (TFEU) E FR citoyen de l’Union européenne Synonym GA saoránach den Aontas F HU uniós polgár ★★ EU citizen IT cittadino dell’Unione Broader term G LT Sąjungos pilietis ★★ citizenship LV Savienības pilsonis H MT Ċittadin(a) tal-Unjoni Related terms NL burger van de Unie ★★ non-EU national I PL obywatel Unii ★★ third-country national PT cidadão da União Europeia J RO Cetăţean al Uniunii (Europene) SK občan EÚ SL državljan Unije K SV unionsmedborgare NO unionsborger (b); unionsborgar (n) L M

union preference N BG преференции на ЕС Definition O CS zásada upřednostňování pracovníků ze zemí The preference given by an EU Member State to work- EU ers who are nationals of other EU Member States over P DE Unionspräferenz workers who are nationals of third countries in re- EL Ενωσιακή προτίμηση gard to access to their labour market. Q ES Preferencia de la Unión Europea ET liidu eelistamine Source FI unionin etuuskohtelu Derived by EMN from Act of Accession 2005 (Annexes R FR préférence communautaire VI, Art. 14 and VII, Art. 14 to Art. 20 of the Protocol GA tús áite do shaoránaigh de chuid an Aontais concerning the conditions and arrangements for ad- S HU uniós preferencia mission of the Republics of Bulgaria and Romania to IT preferenza comunitaria the European Union) T LT bendrijos pirmumo principas Synonym LV Savienības priekšrocības princips U ★★ Community preference MT Bi preferenza għall-Unjoni NL Unie preferentie Narrower term V PL preferencja unijna ★★ labour market test PT preferência da União Europeia W RO Note SK zásada uprednostňovania občanov Únie / Before the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, the X únijná preferencia term ‘community preference’ was the preferred term SL prednost Unije to use. Y SV unionsföreträde NO fortrinn for borgere av EU/EFTA-land (b); Z fortrinn for borgarar av EU/EFTA-land (n)

389 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC)

BG Конвенцията на ООН за правата на детето Definition UCS Úmluva OSN o právech dítěte An international human rights treaty setting out the DE Übereinkommen der Vereinten Nationen civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of über die Rechte des Kindes / Internationale children. Kinderrechtskonvention EL Σύμβαση των Ηνωμένων Εθνών για Source τα Δικαιώματα του Παιδιού Derived by EMN from the Website of the United Na- ES Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre los tions Convention on the Rights of the Child Derechos del niño ET Ühinenud Rahvaste Organi-satsiooni lapse Synonyms õiguste kon-ventsioon ★★ Convention on the Rights of the Child FI YK:n lapsen oikeuksien sopimus ★★ CRC FR Convention des Nations Unies relative aux ★★ UNCRC droits de l’enfant Broader term GA Coinbhinsiún na Náisiún Aontaithe um Chearta ★★ child an Linbh HU a gyermek jogairól szóló ENSZ Egyezmény Related terms IT Convenzione delle Nazioni Unite sui diritti ★★ fundamental rights dell’infanzia e dell’adolescenza ★★ human rights LT Jungtinių Tautų Vaiko teisių konvencija LV Apvienoto Nāciju Organizācijas Bērnu tiesību Notes konvencija 1. The Convention on the Rights of the Child was MT Konvenzjoni tan-Nazzjonijiet Uniti dwar id- adopted on 20 November 1989. The first international Drittijiet tat-Tfal legally binding text recognizing all the fundamental NL Hoog Commissariaat van de Verenigde Naties rights of the child embodies four general principles: voor de Vluchtelingen - the best interests of the child shall be a primary PL consideration in all actions affecting children (Art.3). PT Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre os - there shall be no discrimination on the grounds of Direitos da Criança race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other RO opinions, national, ethnic or social origin, property, dis- SK Dohovor OSN o právach dieťaťa ability, birth or other status (Art.2). SL Konvencija Združenih Narodov o pravicah - States Parties recognize that every child has the otrok inherent right to life and shall ensure to the maximum SV FN:s konvention om barnets rättigheter extent possible the survival and development of the NO FNs barnekonvensjon child (Art. 6). - children shall be assured the right to express their views freely in all matters affecting them, their views being given due weight in accordance with the child’s age and level of maturity (Art. 12) 2. In addition to these four principles, the CRC provides for a number of fundamental rights which include, inter alia, the need for protection from abuse, exploitation and neglect, and the importance of the physical and intellectual development of the child. It gives particular attention to the role of the family in providing care to the child, to the special protection needs of children deprived of their family environment and those of asylum-seeking and refugee children.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

390 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) A

BG Върховен комисар на ООН за бежанците Definition B CS Úřad Vysokého komisaře OSN pro uprchlíky The refugee agency of the United Nations (UN) man- DE Hoher Flüchtlingskommissar der Vereinten dated to lead and coordinate international action C Nationen to protect refugees and resolve refugee problems EL Ύπατης Αρμοστεία των Ηνωμένων Εθνών worldwide, and to safeguard the rights and well-being D για τους Πρόσφυγες (ΥΑ του ΟΗΕ για τους of refugees. Πρόσφυγες) E ES Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para Source los Refugiados Website of UNHCR F ET ÜRO pagulaste ülemvolinik Synonym FI Yhdistyneiden kansakuntien pakolaisasiain G päävaltuutettu ★★ UNHCR FR Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies pour Related terms H les réfugiés ★★ Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol GA Ard-Choimisinéir na Náisiún Aontaithe do ★★ International Organization for Migration (IOM) Dhídeanaithe I ★★ international protection HU Az Egyesült Nemzetek Menekültügyi Főbiztosa ★★ refugee law IT Alto Commissariato delle Nazioni Unite per i J Rifugiati Notes LT Jungtinių Tautų Vyriausiasis pabėgėlių K 1. The Office of the United Nations High Commis- komisaras sioner for Refugees was established on 14 December L LV Apvienoto Nāciju Organizācijas Augstais 1950 by the UN General Assembly. komisārs bēgļu lietās 2. The Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol MT Kummissjoni (Il-) Għolja għar-Rifuġjati is the basic statute guiding the UNHCR’s work. The M tan‑Nazzjonijiet Uniti functions of the UNHCR are defined in the Statute NL Hoog Commissariaat der Verenigde Naties of the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Ref- N voor Vluchtelingen ugees, which was adopted by the General Assembly PL Wysoki Komisarz Narodów Zjednoczonych do on 14 December 1950. O Spraw Uchodżców 3. For further information, see the website of the UN- PT Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para os HCR. P Refugiados RO Înaltul Comisariat al Naţiunilor Unite pentru Q Refugiaţi / Înatul Comisariat ONU pentru Refugiaţi R SK Úrad Vysokého komisára OSN pre utečencov SL Visoki komisariat Združenih narodov za S begunce SV FN:s flyktingorgan T NO FNs høykommissær for flyktninger (b); FNs høgkommissær for flyktningar (n) U V W X Y Z

391 unremunerated trainee

BG стажант без възнаграждение Definition UCS neplacený stážista A third-country national who has been admitted DE unbezahlter Auszubildender to the territory of an EU Member State for a training EL μη αμειβόμενος εκπαιδευόμενος period without remuneration in accordance with its ES persona en prácticas no remuneradas national legislation. ET tasustamata praktikant FI palkaton harjoittelija Source FR stagiaire non rémunéré Art. 2(d) of Council Directive 2004/114/EC (Students’ GA oiliúnaí nach bhfaigheann luach saothair Directive) HU javadalmazásban nem részesülő gyakornok Broader term IT tirocinante non retribuito LT neatlygintinas stažuotojas ★★ trainee LV nealgots praktikants / stažieris Related terms MT Persuna titħarreġ Bba ħlas ★★ remunerated trainee NL onbezoldigd stagiair ★★ researcher PL stazysta niepobierający wynagrodzenia PT estagiário / formando não remunerado RO stagiar neremunerat SK neplatený stážista SL neplačani pripravnik SV oavlönad praktikant NO ulønnet praktikant (b); ulønt praktikant (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

392 usual residence A

BG обичайно местоживеене Definition B CS obvyklé místo pobytu The place at which a person normally spends the daily DE üblicher Aufenthaltsort period of rest, regardless of temporary absences for C EL συνήθης διαμονή purposes of recreation, holiday, visits to friends and ES residencia habitual relatives, business, medical treatment or religious pil- D ET alaline elukoht grimage or, in default, the place of legal or registered FI vakinainen asuinpaikka residence. E FR résidence habituelle GA gnáthchónaí Source F HU szokásos tartózkodási hely Art. 2(1)a of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration IT dimora abituale Statistics Regulation) G LT nuolatinė gyvenamoji vieta Synonym LV parastā dzīvesvieta ★★ habitual residence H MT Residenza abitwali / tas-soltu NL gewone verblijfplaats I PL zwyczajowe miejsce pobytu PT residência habitual J RO rezidenţă uzuală SK obvyklý pobyt SL običajno prebivališče K SV stadigvarande bosättning NO vanlig bosted (b); vanleg bustad (n) L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

393 usually resident population

BG обичайно живеещо население Definition UCS obyvatelstvo s obvyklým pobytem V The number of persons who, on a given reference DE Wohnbevölkerung date, are usually resident in a defined geographical EL συνήθης διαμένων πληθυσμός area (e.g. national, regional or local). ES población residente ET püsielanikkond Sources FI henkikirjoitettu väestö / vakinainen väestö Derived by EMN from Art. 2(d) of Regulation (EC) No FR population résidente 763/2008 (Population and Housing Censuses Regula- GA daonra gnáthchónaitheach tion) HU bejelentett lakcímmel rendelkező népesség and IT popolazione abitualmente residente Art. 2(1) of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration LT nuolatiniai gyventojai Statistics Regulation) LV pastāvīgie iedzīvotāji Related term MT Popolazzjoni ta’ residenti ★★ population stock NL geregistreerde bevolking / werkelijke bevolking PL populacja rezydentów Notes PT população residente The 'number of persons' includes both nationals RO populaţie rezidentă 1. and foreigners (and can include both legally and irreg- SK obyvateľstvo s obvyklým pobytom ularly residing). SL običajno rezidentno prebivalstvo 2. In this context, 'usually resident' means the place SV stadigvarande bosatta where a person normally spends the daily period of NO fastboende befolkning (b); fastbuande rest, regardless of temporary absences for purposes folkesetnad (n) of recreation, holidays, visits to friends and relatives, business, medical treatment or religious pilgrimage. 3. The following persons alone shall be considered to be usual residents of the geographical area in question: a) those who have lived in their place of usual residence for a continuous period of at least 12 months before the reference date; or b) those who arrived in their place of usual residence during the 12 months before the reference date with the intention of staying there for at least one year.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

394 victimisation A

BG виктимизация Definition B VCS viktimizace Adverse treatment or adverse consequence as a reac- DE Viktimisierung tion to a complaint or to proceedings aimed at enforc- C EL θυματοποίηση ing compliance with the principle of equal treat- ES victimización ment. D ET ohvristamine FI uhriutuminen Source E FR rétorsion Art. 9 of Council Directive 2000/43/EC (Racial Equality GA íospairt Directive) F HU viktimizáció Related term IT vittimizzazione G LT persekiojimas ★★ principle of equal treatment LV viktimizācija H MT Vittimizzazzjoni NL represailles / victimisatie (in judicial practice) I PL wiktymizacja PT vitimização J RO victimizare SK viktimizácia SL viktimizacija K SV repressalier NO represalier (b); represaliar (n) L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

395 visa

BG виза Definition VCS vízum The authorisation or decision of an EU Member State DE Visum required for transit or entry for an intended stay in EL θεώρηση εισόδου / βίζα that EU Member State or in several EU Member States. ES visado ET viisa Source FI viisumi Art. 2(m) of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III FR visa Regulation) GA víosa Broader term HU vízum IT visto ★★ travel document LT viza Narrower terms LV vīza ★★ airport transit visa MT Viża ★★ long-stay visa NL visum ★★ short-stay visa PL wiza ★★ Visa Code PT visto ★★ visa facilitation agreement RO viză ★★ Visa Information System (VIS) SK vízum Note SL vizum SV visering For some third countries (specifically, and as of Decem- NO visum ber 2011, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro, Serbia, Russian Federation and Ukraine) there are visa facilitation agreements which facilitate, on the basis of reciprocity, the issuance of visas for an intended stay of no more than 90 days per period of 180 days to the citizens of the European Union and the third country party to the agreement. These are often concluded at the same time asreadmission agreements. For more information see the DG HOME website, webpage on visa policy.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

396 Visa Code A

BG Визов кодекс Definition B CS vízový kodex Regulation outlining the procedures and conditions for DE Visakodex issuing visas for transit through or intended stays C EL Κώδικας Θεωρήσεων in the territory of the Schengen Member States not ES Código de visados exceeding three months in any six-month period. D ET viisaeeskiri FI viisumisäännöstö Source E FR code des visas Art. 1(1) of Regulation (EU) No 610/2013 (Visa Code GA an cód le haghaidh Víosaí Regulation) F HU vízumkódex Synonym IT Codice dei visti ★★ Schengen Visa Code G LT Vizų kodeksas LV Vīzu kodekss Broader term H MT Kodiċi dwar il-viżi ★★ Visa NL Visumcode I PL kodeks wizowy Related terms PT Código de Vistos ★★ visa facilitation agreement J RO Codul de vize ★★ Visa Information System (VIS) SK vízový kódex SL vizumski zakonik Note K SV viseringskodex The Visa Code Regulation entered into force on 5 April NO visumregelverk 2010. L M

visa facilitation agreement N BG Споразумение за облекчаване на визовия Definition O режим Agreement between the EU and a non-EU country that CS dohoda o usnadnění vydávání krátkodobých facilitates the issuance by an EU Member State of au- P víz / thorisations to the citizens of that non-EU country for facilitační dohoda transiting through or an intended stay in the territory Q DE Visaerleichterungs-Abkommen of the EU Member States of a duration of no more EL συμφωνία για την απλούστευση / διευκόλυνση than three months in any six-month period from the R της έκδοσης θεωρήσεων date of first entry into the territory of the EU Member ES acuerdo de facilitación de visados States. ET viisalihtsustusleping S FI viisumihelpotussopimus Source FR accord visant à faciliter la délivrance de visas DG HOME e-Library Glossary T GA comhaontú um éisiúint víosaí a éascú Broader term HU vízumkönnyítési megállapodás U IT accordo di facilitazione del visto ★★ Visa LT susitarimas dėl vizų režimo supaprastinimo Related terms V LV nolīgums par vīzu atvieglotu izsniegšanu ★★ Visa Code MT Ftehim għall-iffaċilitar fil-ħruġ tal-viżi / ★★ Visa Information System (VIS) W għat‑tħaffif fl-għoti tal-viżi NL visumfacilitatieovereenkomst / Note X visumversoepelingsovereenkomst For a list of visa facilitation agreements concluded PL umowa o ułatwieniach wizowych so far, see the website of DG HOME. Y PT acordo sobre a facilitação da emissão de vistos Z RO acord pentru facilitarea acordării vizelor SK dohoda o zjednodušení postupu pri vydávaní víz SL Sporazum o lažjem pridobivanju vizumov SV viseringsförenklingsavtal 397 NO visumfasiliteringsavtale

Visa Information System (VIS)

BG Визова информационна система Definition VCS Vízový informační systém A system for the exchange of visa data between EU DE Visa-Informationssystem Member States, which enables authorised national EL Σύστημα Πληροφοριών για τις Θεωρήσεις authorities to enter and update visa data and to con- ES Sistema de Información de Visados sult this data electronically. ET viisainfosüsteem FI viisumitietojärjestelmä Source FR Système d’information sur les visas Art. 1 of Council Decision 2004/512/EC GA an Córas Faisnéise Víosaí; VIS Synonym HU Vízum Információs Rendszer IT Sistema di Informazione Visti ★★ VIS LT Vizų informacinė sistema Related terms LV Vīzu informācijas sistēma ★★ Schengen Information System (SIS) MT Sistema ta’ Informazzjoni dwar il-Viża ★★ Visa Code NL Visuminformatiesysteem ★★ visa facilitation agreement PL System Informacji Wizowej PT Sistema de Informação de Vistos Note RO Sistemul Informatic de Vize The Visa Information System (VIS) started operating SK Vízový informačný systém in North Africa on 11 October 2011 (see: European SL Vizumski informacijski sistem Commission Press release IP/11/1169). SV informationssystemet för viseringar NO visuminformasjonssystemet

voluntary departure

BG доброволно напускане на страната Definition CS dobrovolné opuštění území Compliance with the obligation to return within the DE freiwillige Ausreise time-limit fixed for that purpose in thereturn deci- EL εθελούσια αναχώρηση sion. ES salida voluntaria ET vabatahtlik lahkumine Source FI vapaaehtoinen maasta poistuminen Art. 3(8) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) FR départ volontaire GA imeacht deonach Broader term HU önkéntes távozás ★★ forced return IT partenza volontaria Narrower term LT savanoriškas išvykimas ★★ assisted voluntary return LV brīvprātīga izceļošana MT Tluq volontarju Related terms NL vrijwillig vertrek ★★ return decision PL dobrowolny wyjazd ★★ voluntary return PT abandono voluntário Note RO plecare voluntară SK dobrovoľný odchod The term is different fromvountary return, as with SL prostovoljni odhod voluntary departure, ultimately there will be an obli- SV frivillig avresa gation to return. NO frivillig utreise (b); friviljug utreise (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

398 voluntary return A

BG доброволно връщане Definition B CS dobrovolný návrat The assisted or independent return to the country of DE freiwillige Rückkehr origin, transit or third country, based on the free will C EL εθελούσια επιστροφή of the returnee. ES retorno voluntario D ET vabatahtlik tagasipöördumine Source FI vapaaehtoinen paluu IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 E FR retour volontaire Synonym GA filleadh deonach F HU önkéntes hazatérés ★★ voluntary repatriation IT ritorno volontario / rimpatrio volontario Broader term G LT savanoriškas grįžimas ★★ return LV brīvprātīga atgriešanās H MT Ritorn volontarju Narrower term NL vrijwillige terugkeer ★★ assisted voluntary return I PL dobrowolny powrót Related terms PT retorno voluntário ★★ forced return J RO returnare voluntară ★★ voluntary departure SK dobrovoľný návrat K SL prostovoljna vrnitev Notes SV frivilligt återvändande 1. The term is different from voluntary‘ departure’ L NO frivillig retur (b); friviljug retur (n) / assistert and, as with voluntary departure, ultimately there will retur be an obligation to return. M 2. The types of persons returning without the assistance of the State include those who: N a) would be under no (legal) obligation to do so. As stated in the definition, it is entirely their decision as to whether they return or not; O b) are irregularly resident and have not (yet) been ap- prehended/detected (e.g. overstayers), but who de- P cide to return anyway; c) have applied to stay (e.g. asylum seeker, person Q applying for international protection) and whose application has not yet been finalised, but decide to R return anyway. 3. The United Nations High Commissioner for S Refugees (UNHCR) prefers the term ‘voluntary repatriation’. T

U V W X Y Z

399 vulnerable person

BG уязвимо лице Definition CS W V zranitelná osoba Minors, unaccompanied minors, disabled people, DE schutzbedürftige Person elderly people, pregnant women, single parents with EL ευάλωτο άτομο minor children, victims of trafficking in human be- ES persona vulnerable ings, persons with serious illnesses, persons with ET haavatav isik mental disorders and persons who have been subject- FI haavoittuvassa asemassa oleva henkilö ed to torture, rape or other serious forms of psycho- FR personne vulnérable logical, physical or sexual violence, such as victims of GA duine soghonta female genital mutilation. HU sérülékeny (csoporthoz tartozó) személy IT persona vulnerabile Source LT pažeidžiamas asmuo Art. 21 of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception LV mazāk aizsargāta persona (EU acquis); īpaši Conditions Directive) aizsargājama persona Narrower term MT Persuna vulnerabbli ★★ applicant with special reception needs NL kwetsbare persoon PL osoba szczególnej troski Related terms PT pessoa vulnerável ★★ identified victim of trafficking in human beings RO persoană vulnerabilă ★★ presumed victim of trafficking in human be- SK zraniteľná osoba ings SL ranljiva oseba ★★ torture SV utsatt person ★★ unaccompanied minor NO sårbar person Notes 1. Directive 2011/36/EU (Trafficking Directive) defines a 'position of vulnerability' as a "situation in which the person concerned has no real or acceptable alternative but to submit to the abuse involved". 2. Some directives use narrower definitions such as Directive 2008/115/EG (Return Directive) in its Art. 3(9).

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

400 war crime A

BG военно престъпление Definition B WCS válečný zločin Grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions or other DE Kriegsverbrechen serious violations of the laws and customs applica- C EL έγκλημα πολέμου ble in international armed conflicts within the estab- ES crímenes de guerra lished framework of international law, as defined in D ET sõjakuritegu the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. FI sotarikokset E FR crimes de guerre Source GA coir chogaidh Art. 8(2) of the Rome Statute of the International F HU háborús bűncselekmény Criminal Court IT crimine di guerra Related terms G LT karo nusikaltimas ★★ LV kara noziegums crime against humanity ★★ H MT Reati tal-gwerra exclusion clause NL oorlogsmisdaad / oorlogsmisdrijf I PL zbrodnie wojenne PT crime de guerra J RO crime de război SK vojnový zločin SL vojni zločin K SV krigsförbrytelser NO krigsforbrytelse (b); krigsbrotsverk (n) L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

401 well-founded fear of persecution

BG добре обоснован страх от преследване Definition WCS odůvodněný strach z pronásledování The fear of persecution experienced by an applicant DE begründete Furcht vor Verfolgung for international protection that is considered both EL βάσιμος φόβος δίωξης genuine and objectively justifiable (e.g. because the ES temor justificado de persecución person concerned has already been subject to perse- ET põhjendatud tagakiusamise kartus cution or serious harm, or to direct threats of such FI perusteltu vainon pelko persecution or such harm, and there is no good reason FR crainte fondée de persécution to consider that such persecution or serious harm will GA faitíos roimh ghéarleanúint a bhfuil bunús / not be repeated). údar maith leis HU üldöztetéstől való megalapozott félelem Source IT giustificato timore di persecuzione Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary 2nd ed., 2011 LT visiškai pagrįsta baimė būti persekiojamam Broader term LV pamatotas bailes no vajāšanas ★★ MT Biża’ ġustifikata ta’ persekuzzjoni persecution NL gegronde vrees voor vervolging Related terms PL uzasadniona obawa przed prześladowaniem ★★ credibility assessment PT receio fundado de perseguição ★★ real risk of suffering serious harm RO teamă de persecuţie bine fondată SK opodstatnená obava z prenasledovania Notes SL utemeljen strah pred preganjanjem 1. This is a key element of the definition of a refugee SV välgrundad fruktan för förföljelse in the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol. NO velbegrunnet frykt for forfølgelse (b); Well-foundedness of fear contains both a subjective velgrunna frykt for forfølging (n) element (fear of persecution) and an objective element (the fear must have an objectively justifiable basis). Both elements must be established for the fear to be considered well-founded within the meaning of the refugee definition. According to the 1951 Con- vention, persecution must be linked to any one of the five specified grounds: race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group and political opinion. 2. The subjective element is satisfied if the applicant‘s fear of persecution is genuine. In the context of refugee status determination, fear has been defined as an apprehension or awareness of danger. General dis- sent or disagreement with a government or the desire for more personal freedom or an improved economic situation without anything more does not satify this element (see UNHCR guidelines on international protection on the UNHCR website). 3. The objective element is satisfied when the applicant has established that there is a reasonable possibility that they will actually suffer the feared persecution.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

402 withdrawal of an application for international protection A

BG оттегляне на молба за международна Definition B закрила The actions by which the applicant terminates the CS zpětvzetí žádosti o mezinárodní ochranu procedures initiated by the submission of their appli- C DE Rücknahme des Antrags auf internationalen cation for international protection, in accordance Schutz with Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures D EL ανάκλησης της αίτησης για διεθνή προστασία Directive), either explicitly or tacitly. ES retirada de una solicitud de protección E internacional Source ET rahvusvahelise kaitse taotluse tagasivõtmine Derived by EMN from Art. 27 and 28 of Directive F FI kansainvälistä suojelua koskevan hakemuksen 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) peruuttaminen G FR retrait d’une demande de protection Broader term ★★ application for international protection internationale H GA iarratas ar chosaint idirnáisiúnta a tharraingt siar HU nemzetközi védelem iránti kérelem I visszavonása IT ritiro della domanda di protezione J internazionale LT tarptautinės apsaugos prašymo atsiėmimas K (EU acquis); prašymo suteikti prieglobstį nagrinėjimo nutraukimas L LV starptautiskās aizsardzības pieteikuma atsaukšana M MT Irtirar ta’ applikazzjoni għall-protezzjoni internazzjonali N NL intrekking van een verzoek om internationale bescherming O PL wycofanie wniosku o ochronę międzynarodową P PT retirada do pedido de proteção internacional RO retragerea cerere de protectie internationala Q SK späťvzatie žiadosti o medzinárodnú ochranu / späťvzatie žiadosti o udelenie medzinárodnej R ochrany SL umik prošnje za mednarodno zaščito S SV återkallande av ansökan om internationellt skydd T NO tilbaketrekking av søknad om internasjonal beskyttelse (b); tilbaketrekking av søknad om internasjonalt vern (n) U V

W X Y Z

403 withdrawal of international protection

BG отнемане на международна закрила Definition WCS odnětí mezinárodní ochrany The decision by a competent authority to revoke, end DE Aberkennung des internationalen Schutzes or refuse to renew the refugee or subsidiary pro- EL ανάκληση διεθνούς προστασίας tection status of a person in accordance with Direc- ES retirada de la protección internacional tive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive). ET rahvusvahelise kaitse äravõtmine FI kansainvälisen suojelun poistaminen Source FR retrait de la protection internationale Art. 2(o) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Pro- GA cosaint idirnáisiúnta a tharraingt siar cedures Directive) HU nemzetközi védelem visszavonása Narrower term IT revoca della protezione internazionale LT tarptautinės apsaugos panaikinimas (EU ★★ withdrawal of refugee status acquis); prieglobsčio panaikinimas Related terms LV starptautiskās aizsardzības statusa ★★ refugee status atņemšana ★★ subsidiary protection status MT Irtirar tal-protezzjoni internazzjonali NL intrekking van de internationale bescherming PL cofnięcie ochrony międzynarodowej PT retirada do estatuto de proteção internacional RO retragerea protecţiei internaţionale SK odňatie medzinárodnej ochrany SL odvzem mednarodne zaščite / preklic mednarodne zaščite SV återkallande av internationellt skydd NO tilbaketrekking av internasjonal beskyttelse (b); tilbaketrekking av internasjonalt vern (n)

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

404 withdrawal of refugee status A

BG отнемане на бежански статут Definition B CS odnětí postavení uprchlíka The decision by a competent authority to revoke, end DE Aberkennung der Flüchtlingseigenschaft or refuse to renew the refugee status of a person in C EL ανάκληση καθεστώτος πρόσφυγα accordance with Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Quali- ES retirada del estatuto de refugiado fication Directive). D ET pagulasseisundi kehtetuks tunnistamine FI pakolaisaseman poistaminen Source E FR retrait du statut de réfugié Derived by EMN from Art. 2(o) of Directive 2013/32/ GA stádas dídeanaí a tharraingt siar EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) F HU menekültügyi státusz visszavonása Broader term IT revoca dello status di rifugiato G LT pabėgėlio statuso panaikinimas ★★ withdrawal of international protection LV bēgļa statusa zaudēšana Related term H MT Revoka / Kanċellazzjoni / Tneħħija tal-istatus ★★ refugee status ta’ refuġjat I NL intrekking van de vluchtelingenstatus PL cofnięcie statusu uchodźcy PT retirada do estatuto de refugiado J RO retragerea statutului de refugiat SK odňatie postavenia utečenca (EU acquis) K SL odvzem statusa begunca / preklic statusa begunca L SV återkallande av flyktingstatus NO tilbakekall av flyktningstatus (b); M attendekalling av flyktningstatus (n) N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

405 work permit

BG Разрешение за работа Notes WCS povolení k zaměstnání X The right of third-country nationals to work in an DE Arbeitserlaubnis 1. EU/EFTA Member State mainly depends on the laws EL άδεια διαμονής για εργασία / άδεια εργασίας of that EU/EFTA Member State. EU Member States ES Autorización de trabajo differ as to whether they issue aresidence permit in ET tööluba addition to a work permit, and/or whether they issue FI työlupa a joint residence/work permit. All EU Member States FR permis de travail / autorisation de travail have provisions in place outlining certain migrants GA Cead oibre who may be exempt from the obligation to obtain a HU munkavállalási engedély work permit or for whom facilitated admission proce- IT permesso di soggiorno per motivi di lavoro dures are in place. LT leidimas dirbti 2. At EU level, different legislative instruments regu- LV darba atļauja late the admission and residence of third-country na- MT permess ta’ xogħol tionals for the purposes of employment, depending on NL werkvergunning (NL); different categories of migrant workers and their res- arbeidskaart / toelating tot arbeid / idence status (such as highly-qualified migrants, arbeidsvergunning (BE) seasonal workers, au pair, students, intra-cor- PL porate transferees, posted workers, long-term PT autorização de trabalho residents). For further information, see European RO Migration Network (EMN): Satisfying Labour Demand SK pracovné povolenie through Migration, 2011. SL dovoljenje za delo / enotno dovoljenje 3. Directive 2011/98/EU (Single Permit Directive) SV arbetstillstånd introduced a single application procedure for the NO Arbeidstillatelse (b); Arbeidsløyve (n) issuing of single permits for non-EU nationals to reside and work in the territory of an EU Member State, Definitions and a common set of rights for non-EU workers legally In the global context, a legal document issued by a residing in an EU Member State notably the right to competent authority of a State giving authorisation equal treatment with nationals of the country where for employment of migrant workers in the host they reside and work for housing and employment country during the period of validity of the permit. advice services. The Directive applies to most non-EU nationals with authorisation to reside and work in the In the EU context, a legal document issued by a com- EU, independently of their initial reason for admission, petent authority of an EU Member State stating the unless they are explicitly excluded from the scope of right of a third-country national to work in its ter- the Directive. Its scope includes both non-EU nationals ritory during the period of validity of the permit. seeking to be admitted to an EU Member State in or- Sources der to stay and work there and those who are already Global context: IOM Glossary on Migration, 2.ed., resident and have access to the labour market or are 2011 already working there. EU-context: Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on 4. Art.15 of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Migration, 2.ed., 2011 Conditions Directive) gives applicants for international protection the right of having access to the labour Broader term market no later than 9 months from the date when ★★ employment the application was lodged, in accordance with the conditions as set up by the national law of EU Mem- Narrower term ber States. In addition, Art. 26 of Directive 2011/95/ ★★ EU Blue Card EU (Recast Qualification Directive) stipulates that EU Related terms Member States shall authorise beneficiaries of in- ★★ residence permit ternational protection to engage in employed or ★★ single application procedure self-employed activities, immediately afterprotec - ★★ single permit tion has been granted.

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

406 xenophobia A

BG ксенофобия Definition B XCS xenofobie Attitudes, prejudices and behaviour that reject, ex- DE Ausländerfeindlichkeit / Fremdenfeindlichkeit / clude and often vilify persons, based on the perception C Xenophobie that they are outsiders or foreigners to the communi- EL ξενοφοβία ty, society or national identity. D ES xenofobia ET ksenofoobia / võõraviha Source E FI muukalaispelko, muukalaisviha; vieraanpelko, UNESCO Glossary of migration-related terms vierasviha F FR xénophobie Related terms ★★ racial discrimination GA seineafóibe G HU xenofóbia/ idegengyűlölet ★★ racism IT xenofobia Notes H LT ksenofobija 1. According to the EU acquis, and specifically LV ksenofobija I MT Ksenofobija Art. 1 of Framework Decision 2008/913/JHA, offenc- NL xenofobie es concerning racism and xenophobia are considered to be: PL ksenofobia J a)publicly inciting to violence or hatred directed PT xenofobia against a group of persons or a member of such RO xenofobie K a group defined by reference to race, colour, religion, SK xenofóbia descent or national or ethnic origin; SL ksenofobija L b)the commission of an act referred to in point (a) SV främlingsfientlighet by public dissemination or distribution of tracts, pic- NO fremmedfrykt (b); framandfrykt (n) M tures or other material; c)publicly condoning, denying or grossly trivialising N crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes as defined in Articles 6, 7 and 8 of the O Statute of the International Criminal Court, directed against a group of persons or a member of such a group defined by reference to race, colour, religion, P descent or national or ethnic origin when the conduct is carried out in a manner likely to incite violence Q or hatred against such a group or a member of such a group; R d)publicly condoning, denying or grossly trivialising the crimes defined in Art. 6 of the Charter of the In- S ternational Military Tribunal appended to the Lon- don Agreement of 8 August 1945, directed against T a group of persons or a member of such a group defined by reference to race, colour, religion, descent U or national or ethnic origin when the conduct is carried out in a manner likely to incite violence or hatred V against such a group or a member of such a group. W X Y Z

407 Bibliography of sources

1. European legislation and policy

1.1. TREATIES, PROTOCOLS AND CONVENTIONS ■■ Dublin Convention (97/C 254/01), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/;jsessionid=TTrpTsvTr1VHTFy9MgfSBLjMcpPCKD rm1cPFy6J4JhpSnhcxvrD2!-228044560?uri=CELEX:41997A0819(01) ■■ European Charter of Fundamental Rights (2000/C 364/01), http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/pdf/text_en.pdf ■■ Protocol concerning the conditions and arrangements for admission of the Republic of Bulgaria and Romania to the European Union, 2005, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A12005SP ■■ Protocol 29 of Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) on asylum for nationals of Member States of the European Union, 1997, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A12006E%2FPRO%2F29 ■■ Protocol 24 of Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) on asylum for nationals of Member States of the European Union Protokoll (2012/C 326/01), consolidated version, 2012, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A12008E%2FPRO%2F24 ■■ Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), consolidated version, 2012 (2012/C 326/01), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ legal-content/DE/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:12012E/TXT&from=EN ■■ Treaty establishing the European Union (TEC) (Treaty of Amsterdam), 1997, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A11997D%2FAFI ■■ Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) (Lisbon Treaty), 2007, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=celex%3A12007L%2FTXT ■■ Treaty establishing the European Community (Consolidated version 2002), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A12002E%2FTXT

1.2. DIRECTIVES (INCLUDING PROPOSALS) ■■ Council Directive 1996/71/EC (Posting of Workers Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/lexUriServ/LexUriServ. do?uri=CELEX:31996L0071:de:HTML ■■ Council Directive 2000/43/EC (Racial Equality Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32000L0043 ■■ Council Directive 2001/40/EC of 28 May 2001 on the mutual recognition of decisions on the expulsion of third country nationals, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32001L0040 ■■ Council Directive 2001/55/EC (Temporary Protection Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- content/DE/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32001L0055&from=EN ■■ Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunification Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/DE/ TXT/?uri=CELEX:32003L0086 ■■ Council Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- content/en/ALL/?uri=celex%3A32003L0109 ■■ Directive 2004/38/EC (Free Movement Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32004L0038 ■■ Council Directive 2004/81/EC of 29 April 2004 on the residence permit issued to third-country nationals who are victims of trafficking in human beings, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32004L0081 ■■ COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 2004/82/EC of 29 April 2004 on the obligation of carriers to communicate passenger data, https://eur-lex. europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32004L0082 ■■ Council Directive 2004/114/EC (Student Migration Directive), https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32004L0114 ■■ Directive 2005/36/EC (Professional Qualification Directive), https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=celex%3A32005L0036 ■■ Council Directive 2005/71/EC (Researchers Directive), https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32005L0071

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION ■■ Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32008L0115

408 ■■ Council Directive 2009/50/EC (Blue Card Directive), http:// ■■ Proposal for a Regulation amending Regulation (EU) eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ 2016/399 as regards the use of the Entry/Exit System, COM ALL/?uri=CELEX:32009L0050 (2016) 196 final, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ ■■ Directive 2009/52/EC (Employer Sanctions Directive), http:// TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52016PC0194 eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- ■■ Proposal for a Regulation establishing a European Travel content/EN/ALL/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2009.168.01.0024.01. Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS), COM (2016) DEU 731, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/procedure/EN/2016_357 ■■ Directive 2011/36/EU (Trafficking Directive), http://eur-lex. europa.eu/legal-content/en/ 1.3. DECISIONS AND FRAMEWORK TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32011L0036 DECISIONS ■■ Directive 2011/51/EU amending Council Directive ■■ Council Decision 2000/365/EC of 29 May 2000 concerning 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents Directive) to extend its the request of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and scope to beneficiaries of international protection, http:// Northern Ireland to take part in some of the provisions of eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ the Schengen acquis, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32011L0051 EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32000D0365 ■■ Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive), http:// ■■ Council Decision 2002/293/EC of 28 February 2002 eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ concerning Ireland’s request to take part in some of the TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32011L0095 provisions of the Schengen acquis, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ ■■ Directive 2011/98/EU (Single Permit Directive), http:// legal-content/EN/ eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/‌PDF/?uri=CELEX:32002D0192&from=EN/ ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32011L0098 ■■ Council Decision 2004/512/EC of 8 June 2004 establishing ■■ Directive 2013/32/EC (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive), the Visa Information System (VIS), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32004D0512 ALL/?uri=celex%3A32013L0032 ■■ Council Decision 2005/267/EC establishing a secure ■■ Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions web-based Information and Coordination Network for Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ Migration Management Services, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32013L0033 legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32005D0267 ■■ Directive 2014/36/EU (Seasonal Workers’ Directive), http:// ■■ Council Decision 2006/616/EC on the Protocol Against the eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, http://eur-lex. ALL/?uri=celex%3A32014L0036 europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=LEGISSUM:l33271 ■■ Directive 2016/801/EU(Recast Researchers Directive), http:// ■■ Council Decision 2006/688/EC (Mutual Information eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/ Mechanism Decision), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ HTML/?uri=CELEX:32016L0801&from=EN EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32006D0688 ■■ Proposal for a Directive on conditions of entry and ■■ Decision 2007/573/EC (Refugee Fund Decision), http:// residence of third-country nationals in the framework of an eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ intra-corporate transfer, COM(2010) 378 final, http:// TXT/?uri=celex:32007D0573 eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ ■■ Council Decision 2007/574/EC (External Border Fund en/‌TXT/?uri=celex%3A52010PC0378 Decision), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ ■■ Proposal for a Directive on the protection of individuals with ALL/?uri=CELEX:32007D0574 regard to the processing of personal data by competent ■■ Council Decision 2007/819/EC on the conclusion of the authorities for the purposes of prevention, investigation, Agreement between the European Community and the detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the Republic of Serbia on the readmission of persons residing execution of criminal penalties, and the free movement of without authorisation, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- such data – COM(2012) 10 final, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32007D0819 procedure/EN/2012_10 ■■ Council Framework Decision 2008/913/JHA on combating ■■ Proposal for a Directive on the conditions of entry and certain forms and expressions of racism and xenophobia by residence of third-country nationals for the purposes of means of criminal law, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- research, studies, pupil exchange, remunerated and content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32008F0913 unremunerated training, voluntary service and au pairing, ■■ Council Decision 2008/381/EC (European Migration Network COM(2013) 151 final, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- Decision), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ. content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM:2013:0151:FIN do?uri=OJ:L:2008:131:0007:0012:EN:PDF

409 ■■ Council Decision (EU) 2015/1523 of 14 September 2015 ■■ European Commission: Communication on Migration and establishing provisional measures in the area of internatio- Development, COM(2005) 390 final, http://eur-lex.europa. nal protection for the benefit of Italy and of Greece, http:// eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM:2005:0390:FIN eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ ■■ European Commission: Communication on the Global TXT/?uri=OJ:JOL_2015_239_R_0011 Approach to Migration, COM(2006) 735 final, http://eur-lex. ■■ Council Decision (EU) 2015/1601 of 22 September 2015 europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM:2006:0735:FIN establishing provisional measures in the area of internatio- ■■ European Commission Staff Working Document on nal protection for the benefit of Italy and Greece, http:// Strengthened Practical Cooperation SEC(2006) 189, http:// eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=CELEX:32015D1601 ALL/?uri=CELEX:52006SC0189 ■■ European Commission: Communication on Black Sea 1.4. COUNCIL CONCLUSIONS Synergy, COM(2007) 160 final, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ ■■ Council Conclusions on the organisation and development legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52007DC0160 of the Centre for Information, Discussion and Exchange on ■■ European Commission: Communication applying the Global the Crossing of Frontiers and Immigration (CIREFI), 30 Approach to Migration to the Eastern and South-Eastern November 1994, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ Regions Neighbouring the European Union, COM(2007) 247 TXT/?uri=CELEX:31996Y0919(15) final, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ ■■ Council Conclusions C/98/431 of the Asylum and Migration TXT/?uri=celex:52007DC0247 Task Force on 6./7. December 1998, http://europa.eu/rapid/ ■■ European Commission: Communication on circular migra- press-release_PRES-98-431_en.htm tion and Mobility Partnerships, COM(2007) 248 final, http:// ■■ Council Conclusions of the 2618th Justice and Home eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ Affairs Council Meeting, 19 November 2004, http://europa. TXT/?uri=celex:52007DC0248 eu/rapid/press-release_PRES-04-321_en.htm?locale=en ■■ European Commission: Communication - Preparing the next ■■ Council Conclusions on the Global Approach of Migration steps in border management in the European Union, and Mobility of 29 May 2012 (9417/12), http://www.ypes. COM(2008) 69 final, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ gr/UserFiles/f0ff9297-f516-40ff-a70e-eca84e2ec9b9/ EN/TXT/?uri=COM:2008:0069:FIN Council-Conc-9417-2005-en.pdf ■■ European Commission: Communication - Policy plan on ■■ Council Conclusions on the EU Strategy towards the asylum - An integrated approach to protection across the Eradication of Trafficking in Human Beings 2012–2016, 25 EU, COM(2008) 360 final, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- October 2012, https://ec.europa.eu/anti-trafficking/eu-po- content/DE/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52008DC0360&from=EN licy/council-conclusions-new-eu-strategy_en ■■ European Commission: Communication on an area of ■■ Council Resolution of 20 June 1994 on limitation on freedom, security and justice serving the citizen COM(2009) admission of third-country nationals to the territory of the 262, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ Member States for employment, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ TXT/?uri=COM:2009:0262:FIN legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:31996Y0919(02) ■■ European Commission: Communication on the Global ■■ Council Resolution 97/C 221/03 of 26 June 1997 on Approach to Migration and Mobility, COM(2011) 743 final, unaccompanied minors who are nationals of third coun- http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ tries., http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=COM:2011:0743:FIN ■■ European Commission: Communication on EU Return Policy 1.5. COMMISSION COMMUNICATIONS AND COM(2014) 199 final, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- STAFF WORKING DOCUMENTS content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52014DC0199&from=EN ■■ European Commission: Communication on regional ■■ European Commission: Communication - A European protection programmes, COM(2005) 388 final, http:// Agenda on Migration, COM(2015) 240 final, https:// eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what- ALL/?uri=CELEX:52005DC0388 we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/background-in- ■■ European Commission: Communication on a Common formation/docs/ Agenda for Integration, COM(2005) 389 final, http://eur-lex. communication_on_the_european_agenda_on_migration_ europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/ en.pdf HTML/?uri=CELEX:52005DC0389&from=DE ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

410 ■■ European Commission: Communication - Towards a Reform ■■ Regulation (EC) No 810/2009 establishing a Community of the Common European Asylyum System and Enhancing Code on Visas (Visa Code), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- Legal Avenues to Europe, COM(2016) 197 final, https:// content/EN/ALL/?uri=celex%3A32009R0810 ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/1/2016/EN/1-2016- ■■ Regulation (EU) No 265/2010 (Long-Stay Visa Regulation), 197-EN-F1-1.PDF http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ ■■ European Commission: Communication on Stronger and TXT/?uri=celex:32010R0265 Smarter Information Systems for Borders and Security, ■■ Regulation (EU) No 439/2010 (EASO Regulation), http:// COM (2016)205 final, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=URISERV:jl0022 content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52016DC0205 ■■ Regulation (EU) No 493/2011 amending Council Regulation ■■ European Commission: Communication on a more effective (EC) No 377/2004 on the creation of an immigration liaison return policy in the European Union - A renewed action plan, officers network, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ COM(2017) 200 final, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- TXT/?uri=CELEX:32011R0493 content/EN/ALL/?uri=COM:2017:200:FIN ■■ Regulation (EU) No 1168/2011 amending Council ■■ European Commission Implementing Decision (EU) Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 (FRONTEX Regulation), 2015/219 replacing the Annex to Implementing Decision http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ 2013/115/EU on the Sirene Manual and other implemen- TXT/?uri=CELEX:32011R1168 ting measures for the second generation Schengen ■■ Regulation (EU) No 465/2012 on the coordination of social Information System (SIS II) , http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ security systems, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=celex:32012R0465 TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2015.044.01.0075.01.ENG ■■ Regulation (EU) No 603/2013 (Eurodac Regulation), http:// ■■ European Commission: Staff Working Document on the eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ policy plan on asylum: an integrated approach to protection TXT/?uri=CELEX:32013R0603 across the EU, SEC(2008) 2029 final, http://eur-lex.europa. ■■ Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation), http:// eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52008SC2029 eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32013R0604 1.6. REGULATIONS ■■ Regulation (EU) No 610/2013 (Schengen Borders Code ■■ Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 of 26 October 2004 - amended), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/DE/TXT/ establishing a European Agency for the Management of HTML/?uri=CELEX:32013R0610&from=EN Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the ■■ Regulation (EU) No 1052/2013 (EUROSUR Regulation), Member States of the European Union (Frontex-Regulation), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2013.295.01.0011.01.ENG ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32004R2007 ■■ Regulation (EU) No 516/2014 (Asylum, Migration and ■■ Regulation (EC) No 1931/2006 (Local Border Traffic Integration Fund), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ Regulation, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/DE/ TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014R0516 LSU/?uri=CELEX:32006R1931 ■■ Regulation (EU) No 656/2014 (Regulation on rules for the ■■ Council Regulation (EC) No 168/2007 (FRA Regulation), surveillance of the external sea borders, http://eur-lex. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/DE/ europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=LEGISSUM:l14169 TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2014.189.01.0093.01.ENG ■■ Regulation (EC) No 458/2007 (ESSPROS Regulation), http:// ■■ Regulation (EU) 2016/399 on a Union Code on the rules eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ governing the movement of persons across borders TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32007R0458 (Schengen Borders Code), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- ■■ Regulation (EC) No. 862/2007 (Migration Statistics content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R0399 Regulation), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ ■■ Regulation (EU) 2016/1624 (European Border and Coast TXT/?uri=CELEX:32007R0862 Guard Regulation), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ ■■ Regulation (EC) No 863/2007 (Rapid Border Intervention EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1624 Teams Regulation), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ ■■ Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen Borders Code), http:// EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32007R0863 eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ ■■ Regulation (EC) No 763/2008 (Population and Housing TXT/?uri=LEGISSUM:l14514 Censuses Regulation), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ DE/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32008R0763

411 ■■ Regulation (EU) 2016/1953 (Regulation establishing a ■■ European Commission: Press Release European travel document for the return of illegally staying IP/11/1370 of 18 November 2011 on the EU Immigration third-country nationals), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- Portal, http://europa.eu/ content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32016R1953 rapid/‌press-release_IP-11-1369_en.htm ■■ Regulation (EU) 2017/2226 (Regulation establishing an ■■ European Commission: Press release IP/11/1169 of 11 Entry/Exit System (EES)), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- October on the Visa Information system (VIS), http://europa. content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32017R2226 eu/rapid/press-release_IP-11-1169_en.htm ■■ Proposal for a Regulation amending Regulation (EU) ■■ European Commission: Progress report on the European 2016/399 as regards the use of the Entry/Exit System, Agenda on Migration, COM(2017) 669 final, 15 November COM(2016) 196 endg., http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- 2017, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52016PC0196&from=EN TXT/?qid=1520506709668&uri=CELEX%3A52017DC0669 ■■ European Commission: Recommendation establishing a 1.7. AGREEMENTS common “Return Handbook”, 27 September 2017, https:// ■■ Africa-Pacific-Caribbean (ACP)-EU Partnership Agreement, ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what- revised 25 June 2005 (Cotonou Agreement), http://eur-lex. we-do/policies/ europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:22010A1104(01) european-agenda-migration/20170927_recommendation_ ■■ EU Readmission Agreement with Serbia (2007/819/EC), on_establishing_a_common_return_handbook_en.pdf http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ ■■ Evaluation of the European Year of Intercultural Dialogue, TXT/?uri=CELEX:32007D0819 2008 (COM/2010/0361 final), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ ■■ Joint Africa-EU Declaration on Migration and Development legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52010DC0361 (Tripoli Declaration), 2006, https://www.iom.int/jahia/ ■■ Joint Action 98/700/JI of 3 December 1998 adopted by the webdav/shared/shared/mainsite/microsites/rcps/igad/ Council on the basis of Article K.3 of the Treaty on European african_md_declaration_2006.pdf Union concerning the setting up of a European Image ■■ Joint Declaration from Prague Ministerial Conference on the Archiving System (FADO), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- Website of the Prague Process, https://www.pragueprocess. content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:31998F0700 eu/en/about ■■ Schengen Acquis, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=LEGISSUM:l33020 1.8. OTHER POLICY DOCUMENTS ■■ CoA123:B134ns on visas for the diplomatic missions and 2. International legislation and policy consular posts (2005/C 326/01), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ legal-content/EN/ 2.1. INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AND TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.C_.2005.326.01.0001.01.ENG CONVENTIONS ■■ Council of the EU: Press Release on launching of EU-LAC ■■ Charter of the International Military Tribunal appended to dialogue, 11577/09, 30 June 2009, http://www.consilium. the London Agreement of 8 August 1945, not available europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/ online misc/108821.pdf ■■ Convention on Certain Questions Relating to the Conflict of ■■ Council of the EU: Note from the Presidency to SCIFA on Nationality Law, 1930, http://www.refworld.org/ SCIFA’s role and working methods, Document 17476/10, docid/3ae6b3b00.html December 2010, http://www.statewatch.org/news/2011/jan/ ■■ Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue, 22 June 1985, eu-council-scifa-role-17476-10.pdf http://www.imo.org/en/About/Conventions/ ■■ Council of the EU: Technical guidelines for return operatio- ListOfConventions/Pages/International-Convention-on- nal data collection, Document 5202/18, 12 January 2018, Maritime-Search-and-Rescue-(SAR).aspx http://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-5202- 2018-INIT/en/pdf 2.2. COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONVENTIONS ■■ European Commission against Racism and Intolerance AND RESOLUTIONS (ECRI): General Policy Recommendation N°7: National ■■ Council of Europe: Resolution 1468 (2005), Forced mar- legislation to combat racism and racial discrimination, riages and child marriages, http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/ http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/ecri/activities/GPR/EN/ xref/xref-xml2html-en.asp?fileid=17380&lang=en Recommendation_N7/REC7-2003-8-DEU.pdf ■■ Council of Europe: Resolution 1509 (2006), Human rights of irregular migrants, http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/xref/

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION xref-xml2html-en.asp?fileid=17456&lang=en

412 ■■ European Convention on Human Rights, https://www.echr. ■■ United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural coe.int/Documents/Convention_ENG.pdf Organisation (UNESCO) Universal Declaration on Cultural ■■ European Convention on Nationality, 1997, https://www.coe. Diversity, 2001, http://unesdoc.unesco.org/ int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/ images/0012/001271/127160m.pdf rms/090000168007f2e6 ■■ European Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications 2.4. UNITED NATIONS (UN) CONSTITUTIONS, concerning Higher Education in the European Region, 1997, RESOLUTIONS, PROTOCOLS, COMMENTS http://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conven- AND CONCLUSIONS tions/rms/090000168007f2e5 ■■ International Labour Organisation (ILO) Convention No. 29, 1930 (Forced Labour Convention), http://www.ilo.org/dyn/ 2.3. UNITED NATIONS (UN) CONVENTIONS normlex/‌en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ AND COVENANTS INSTRUMENT_ID:312174 ■■ International Labour Organisation (ILO) Convention No. 29, ■■ International Convention on the Protection of All Migrant 1930 (Forced Labour Convention), http://www.ilo.org/dyn/ Workers and Members of their Families, 18 December normlex/ 1990, http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/ en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_INSTRUMENT_ CMW.aspx ID:312174 ■■ International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), ■■ International Convention on the Protection of All Migrant 16 December 1966, http://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalin- Workers and Members of their Families, 18 December terest/pages/ccpr.aspx 1990, http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/ ■■ United Nations Convention on the Prevention and CMW.aspx Punishment of the Crime of Genocide of 1948, http://www. ■■ International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), oas.org/dil/1948_Convention_on_the_Prevention_and_ 16 December 1966, http://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalin- Punishment_of_the_Crime_of_Genocide.pdf terest/pages/ccpr.aspx ■■ United Nations Convention of 1951 and Protocol of 1968 ■■ United Nations Convention on the Prevention and relating to the Status of Refugees (Geneva Convention), Punishment of the Crime of Genocide of 1948, http://www. http://www.unhcr.org/protect/PROTECTION/3b66c2aa10.pdf oas.org/dil/1948_Convention_on_the_Prevention_and_ ■■ United Nations Convention relating to the Status of Punishment_of_the_Crime_of_Genocide.pdf Stateless Persons, 1954, http://www.unhcr.org/3bbb25729. ■■ United Nations Convention of 1951 and Protocol of 1968 html relating to the Status of Refugees (Geneva Convention), ■■ United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms http://www.unhcr.org/protect/PROTECTION/3b66c2aa10.pdf of Racial Discrimination, 1965, http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ ■■ United Nations Convention relating to the Status of ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx Stateless Persons, 1954, http://www.unhcr.org/3bbb25729. ■■ United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, html Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1975, ■■ United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms http://www.hrweb.org/legal/cat.html of Racial Discrimination, 1965, http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ ■■ United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child of 20 ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx November 1989, https://www.kinderrechtskonvention.info/ ■■ United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, uebereinkommen-ueber-die-rechte-des-kindes-370/ Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1975, ■■ United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized http://www.hrweb.org/legal/cat.html Crime, 2000, http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/orga- ■■ United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child of 20 nized-crime/intro/UNTOC.html November 1989, https://www.kinderrechtskonvention.info/ ■■ United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural uebereinkommen-ueber-die-rechte-des-kindes-370/ Organisation (UNESCO) Convention for the Protection and ■■ United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, 2005, Crime, 2000, http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/orga- https://en.unesco.org/creativity/convention nized-crime/intro/UNTOC.html ■■ United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural ■■ United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Universal Declaration on Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Convention for the Protection and Diversity, 2001, http://unesdoc.unesco.org/ Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, 2005, images/0012/001271/127160m.pdf https://en.unesco.org/creativity/convention

413 3. National legislation ■■ European Union Democracy Observatory on Citizenship: EUDO Glossary on Citizenship and Nationality, http:// ■■ Irish Refugee Act, 1996, http://www.irishstatutebook. eudo-citizenship.eu/databases/citizenship-glossary/glossary ie/1996/en/act/pub/0017/ ■■ EuropeAid: Glossary of gender and development terms: Toolkit on mainstreaming gender equality in EC develop- 4. Case law ment cooperation, https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/sites/ devco/files/ 4.1. INTERNATIONAL CASE LAW toolkit-mainstreaming-gender-introduction_en.pdf ■■ International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons ■■ European Commission, DG Migration and Home Affairs: Responsible for Serious Violations of International e-Library Glossary, https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/e- Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of Former library/glossary/index_a_en Yugoslavia since 1991 (ICTY): Trial Chamber Judgment, ■■ European Migration Network (EMN): Asylum and Migration Krstić, IT-98-33-T, 2 August 2001, para. 562, http://www. Glossary (online version), https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/ icty.org/x/cases/krstic/tjug/en/krs-tj010802e.pdf what-we-do/networks/european_migration_network/ glossary/index_a_en 4.2. EUROPEAN CASE LAW ■■ Eurostat: Concepts and Definitions Database (CODED), ■■ European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), Grand Chamber: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/nomenclatures/index. Case of El-Masri v. the former Yugoslav Reublic of cfm?TargetUrl=LST_NOM_DTL_ Macedonia, Application no. 39630/09, https://www.openso- GLOSSARY&StrNom=CODED2&StrLanguageCode=EN cietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/CASE_OF_ ■■ Eurostat: Glossary on Demographic Statistics, http:// EL-MASRI_v__THE_FORMER_YUGOSLAV_REPUBLIC_OF_ ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/statmanuals/files/KS-CC-03- MACEDONIA.pdf 005-EN.pdf ■■ European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), Grand Chamber: ■■ Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA) / European Monitoring Case Kudla v. Poland, Application no. 30210/96, http://www. Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (EUMC): Open Glossary, globalhealthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/ This glossary is no longer available online. Kudla-Poland-2000.pdf ■■ International Labour Organisation (ILO): ILO Thesaurus, ■■ European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), Grand Chamber: 6th edition, 2008, http://www.ilo.org/thesaurus/ Case M.S.S. v. Belgium and Greece, Application no. ■■ International Organisation for Migration (IOM): Glossary 30696/09, http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/ on Migration, 1st ed., 2004, (International Migration Law, eng#{“languageisocode”:[“GER”],”appno”:[“30696/09”],”docu- No 23) mentcollectionid2”:[“GRANDCHAMBER”],”ite- , http://www.epim.info/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/iom.pdf mid”:[“001-160236”]} ■■ International Organisation for Migration (IOM): Glossary ■■ European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), Grand Chamber, on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011, (International Migration Law, Case: Svinarenko and Slyadnev v. Russia, Applications no. No 25), http://www.epim.info/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/ 32541/08 and 43441/08, https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/ iom.pdf eng#%20 ■■ Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD): Glossary of Statistical Terms, http://stats.oecd.org/ 4.3. NATIONAL CASE LAW glossary/ ■■ German Federal Administrative Court, ruling of 15 May ■■ United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural 1990 – 9 C 17.89, http://www.refworld.org/country,,DEU_ Organisation (UNESCO): Glossary of migration related BUNDESVERWALT,,deu,,3ae6b73324,0.html terms, http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human- sciences/themes/international-migration/glossary/ 5. Glossaries and Thesauri ■■ United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO): People on the Move, Handbook of ■■ Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (BpB): Migration, selected terms and concepts, version 1.0, July 2008, http:// Citizenship, Education Glossary of Terms unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0016/001636/163621e.pdf , http://www.bpb.de/veranstaltungen/netzwerke/nece/66852/ ■■ United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the glossary-of-terms Empowerment of Women (UN Women): Concepts and ■■ European Agenda on Migration: Glossary, facts and figures, Definitions, http://www.un.org/womenwatch/osagi/concept- http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-15-4956_en.htm sandefinitions.htm ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION

414 ■■ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR): ■■ Euro-African Dialogue on Migration and Development International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology, http:// (Rabat Process): website available on the website of the www.refugeethesaurus.org/hms/home.php?publiclogin=1 European Commission, GD Migration and Home Affairs, ■■ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/ Status Determination and Protection Information Section: international-affairs/africa_en Master Glossary of Terms, Rev.1, June 2006, http://www. ■■ Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EUROMED): platform, refworld.org/docid/42ce7d444.html http://euromedp.eupa.org.mt/ the-euro-mediterranean-partnership/ 6. Websites ■■ European Asylum Support Office: official website, https:// www.easo.europa.eu/ ■■ Africa Caribbean Pacific (ACP) Observatory on Migration: ■■ European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex): official website available on the website of the International website, http://frontex.europa.eu/ Organisation for Migration (IOM), https://www.iom.int/news/ ■■ European Citizens’ Information: official website, description new-observatory-migration-africa-caribbean-and-paci- of freedom of movement, http://www.citizensinformation.ie/ fic-regions-launched-brussels en/moving_country/moving_abroad/ ■■ Africa-EU Partnership: official website, http://www.africa- freedom_of_movement_within_the_eu/‌freedom_of_move- eu-partnership.org/en/about-us/what-partnership ment_in_the_eu.html ■■ Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific (ACP)-EU Partnership ■■ European Commission: Anti-Trafficking Coordinator: official Agreement: Cotonou Agreement: website available on the website, http://ec.europa.eu/anti-trafficking/ website of the European Commission, International ■■ European Commission: European Website on Integration, cooperation and development, https://ec.europa.eu/euro- https://ec.europa.eu/migrant-integration/ peaid/regions/african-caribbean-and-pacific-acp-region/ ■■ European Commission: Website of the European Union Trust cotonou-agreement_en Fund for Africa (EUTF), https://ec.europa.eu/trustfundfora- ■■ Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM): Information Platform, official frica/content/homepage_en website, http://www.aseminfoboard.org/ ■■ European Court of Human Rights: official website, https:// ■■ Bali Process on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons www.echr.coe.int/Pages/home.aspx?p=home and Related Transnational Crime (Bali Process): official ■■ European Database of Asylum Law (EDAL): official website, website, http://www.baliprocess.net/ http://www.asylumlawdatabase.eu/de/case-law-search%20 ■■ Budapest Process, a Silk Routes Partnership for Migration: ■■ European External Policy Advisors and Eurostep: Webpage website available on the Website of the International on the Lisbon Treaty, http://www.lisbon-treaty.org/wcm/ Centre for Migration and Policy Development (ICMPD), the-lisbon-treaty.html https://www.budapestprocess.org/ ■■ European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and ■■ Council of the European Union: Public Register of Authentic Working Conditions (Eurofound): official website, https:// Travel and Identity Documents Online (PRADO), http://www. www.eurofound.europa.eu/ consilium.europa.eu/prado/EN/prado-start-page.html ■■ European Parliament: Overview of the European ■■ CURIA: Description of the European Court of Justice on the Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) on the website of the European website of CURIA, http://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/ Parliament, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/atyourservice/en/ Jo2_6999/ displayFtu.html?ftuId=FTU_5.5.4.html ■■ DG Employment and Social Affairs: poverty and social ■■ European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA): exclusion: official website, http://ec.europa.eu/social/main. official website, http://fra.europa.eu/en jsp?catId=751&langId=en ■■ European Union External Action Services(EEAS): Description ■■ DG Employment and Social Affairs: Social protection of the Security and Defence Policy, https://eeas.europa.eu/ systems - MISSOC: official website, http://ec.europa.eu/ topics/common-security-and-defence-policy-csdp_en social/main.jsp?catId=815&langId=en ■■ European Union External Action (EEAS): Webpage on the ■■ DG Home: official website, https://ec.europa.eu/home-af- Black Sea Synergy, https://eeas.europa.eu/diploma- fairs/index_en tic-network/black-sea-synergy_en ■■ DG Justice: Rights of the Child: official website, http:// ■■ European Union External Action (EEAS): Webpage on the ec.europa.eu/justice/fundamental-rights/rights-child/ Eastern Partnership, https://eeas.europa.eu/topics/ index_en.htm eastern-partnership_en ■■ DG Taxation and Customs Union (DG TAXUD): official website, https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/home_en

415 ■■ European Union External Action (EEAS): Webpage on the ■■ United Nations, description of the New Tork Declaration for European Neighbourhoud Policy (ENP), https://eeas.europa. Refugees and Migrants, https://refugeesmigrants.un.org/ eu/topics/european-neighbourhood-policy-enp_en declaration ■■ Europol: official website, https://www.europol.europa.eu/de/ ■■ United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the about-europol Empowerment of Women (UN Woman): official website, ■■ Eurostat: official website, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/home http://www.unwomen.org/en ■■ 5+5 Dialogue on Migration in the Western Mediterranean: ■■ World Association of Public Employment Services (WAPES): website available at the International Organisation for Official website, http://wapes.org/ Migration (IOM) website, https://www.iom. ■■ World Trade Organisation (WTO): official website, https:// int/55-dialogue-migration-western-mediterranean www.wto.org/index.htm ■■ General Directors’ Immigration Services Conference (GDISC): official website, http://www.gdisc.org/ 7. Literature ■■ Global Forum on Migration and Development (GFMD): official website, http://www.gfmd.org/process/background ■■ Council of Europe: COMPASS – A Manual on Human Rights ■■ Intergovernmental Consultations on migration, asylum and Education with Young People, chapter on Discrimination and refugees (IGC): official website, https://igc.ch/ Xenophobia, http://www.eycb.coe.int/compass/en/chap- ■■ Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC): official ter_5/5_4.html website, http://www.internal-displacement.org/about-us ■■ Council of Europe: Guidelines on human rights protection in ■■ International Centre for Migration Policy Development the context of accelerated asylum procedures, 1 July 2009, (ICMPD): official website, https://www.icmpd.org/home/ https://search.coe.int/cm/Pages/result_details. ■■ International Centre for Migration Policy Development aspx?ObjectID=09000016805b15d2 (ICMPD): Description of the Mediterranean Transit Migration ■■ Council of Europe: White Paper on Intercultural Dialogue (MTM) on the website of ICMPD, http://www.icmpd.org/index. Living Together As Equals in Dignity, https://www.coe.int/t/ php?id=1558 dg4/intercultural/source/white%20 ■■ International Labour Organisation (ILO): Webpage on the paper_final_revised_en.pdf International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour ■■ Council of Europe: Codifying instrument of European rules (IPEC), http://www.ilo.org/ipec/facts/lang--en/index.htm on the administrative detention of migrants, European ■■ International Organisation for Migration (IOM): description Committee on Legal Cooperation (CDCJ), May 2017, https:// of migration profiles on the official website, http://www.iom. www.coe.int/en/web/portal/-/ int/migration-profiles international-standards-on-conditions-of-administra- ■■ International Organisation for Migration (IOM): official tive-detention-of-migrants website, https://www.iom.int/cms/about-iom ■■ Crawley, Heaven: Gender-Related Persecution and Women’s ■■ La Maddalena to L’aquila summit 2009 G8: official website, Claims to Asylum, http://www.refugeelegalaidinformation. https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/G8_del_2009 org/gender-issues-asylum-claim ■■ Migration, Asylum, Refugees Regional Initiative (MARRI): ■■ European Asylum Support Office (EASO): Annual Report office Labour Inspection Authority (arbeidstilsynet): 2014, https://www.easo.europa.eu/sites/default/files/public/ webpage on regulations regarding workers from the new EASO-Annual-Report-2014.pdf EU-countries on the official website, http://www.arbeids- ■■ European Asylum Support Office (EASO): Practical Guide on tilsynet.no/fakta.html?tid=78186 age assessment, 2014, https://www.easo.europa.eu/ ■■ Prague Process: official website, https://www.praguepro- practical-tools cess.eu/en/ ■■ European Asylum Support Office (EASO): Practical Guide on ■■ Tech Target Network: Definition of Automated Fingerprint evidence assessment, 2015, https://www.easo.europa.eu/ Identification System on the TechTarget website practical-tools , http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/ ■■ European Asylum Support Office (EASO): Practical Guide on Automated-Fingerprint-Identification-System Evidence Assessment, March 2015, https://www.easo. ■■ Union for the Mediterranean (UfM), Euro-Mediterranean europa.eu/training-quality/asylum-processes-quality Partnership (EUROMED): official website, http://ufmsecreta- ■■ European Asylum Support Office (EASO): Researching the riat.org/ situation of lesbian, gay and bisexual persons (LGB) in ■■ United National High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR): countries of origin, 2015, https://www.easo.europa.eu/sites/ official website, http://www.unhcr.org/(Länderseite für default/files/public/Researching-the-situation-of-LGB-in-

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION Deutschland verfügbar) countries-of-origin-FINAL-080515.pdf

416 ■■ European Agency for the Management of Operational ■■ European Migration Network (EMN): Family Reunification, Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States 2008, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/ of the European Union (FRONTEX): Best Practice Operational networks/european_migration_network/reports/ Guidelines for Automated Border Control (ABC) Systems, docs/emn-studies/family-reunification/ Version 2.0, August 2012, http://frontex.europa.eu/assets/ emn__family_reunification_synthesis_report_jan08_en.pdf Publications/Research/Best_Practice_Operational_ ■■ European Migration Network (EMN): Family Reunification of Guidelines_for_Automated_Border_Control.pdf Third-Country Nationals in the EU plus Norway: National ■■ European Commission: The Hotspot approach to managing Practices, 2016, https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/ exceptional migratory flows, 11 September 2015, https:// homeaffairs/files/00_family_reunification_synthesis_ ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/e-library/multimedia/publica- report_final_en_print_ready_0.pdf European Migration tions/ Network (EMN): Identification of victims the-hotspot-approach-to-managing-exceptional-migrato- of trafficking in human beings in international protection ry-flows_en and forced return procedures, 2014, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/ ■■ European Commission, DG Home Affairs (DG HOME): List of home-affairs/what-we-do/networks/european_migration_ projects funded by the European Refugee Fund in 2011, network/reports/docs/emn-studies/emn_synthesis_ https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/ identification_victims_trafficking_final_13march2014.pdf financing/fundings/migration-asylum-borders/refugee- ■■ European Migration Network (EMN): Migrants access to fund/transnational-actions/docs/ social security and healthcare: policies and practice, 2014, erf_ca_2011_call_for_proposals_-_list_of_proposals_ https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/ selected_for_funding_en.pdf what-we-do/networks/european_migration_network/ ■■ European Commission: Factsheet on the European Union reports/docs/emn-studies/ Trust Fund for Africa (EUTF), https://ec.europa.eu/trustfun- emn_synthesis_report_migrant_access_to_social_secu- dforafrica/sites/euetfa/files/eu_emergency_trust_fund_for_ rity_2014_en.pdf africa_26-02-2018.pdf ■■ European Migration Network (EMN): Misuse of family ■■ European Commission, DG Justice, Freedom and Security reunification, 2012, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/ (DG JLS): Handbook on Integration for policy-makers and what-we-do/networks/european_migration_network/ practitioners, 3rd ed., 2010, euinfo.rs/files/bibliote- reports/docs/emn-studies/ ka-srp/06_Vodic_kroz_inegracije.pdf family-reunification/0a_emn_misuse_family_reunification_ ■■ European Migration Network (EMN): Ad-Hoc Query on study_publication_bf_en.pdf System of medical treatment of asylum seekers in Member ■■ European Migration Network (EMN): The Organisation of States, June 2010, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/ Reception Facilities for Asylum Seekers in different Member what-we-do/networks/european_migration_network/ States, 2013, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/ reports/docs/ad-hoc-queries/ what-we-do/networks/european_migration_network/ protection/223._emn_ad-hoc_query_system_of_medical_ reports/docs/emn-studies/emn_second_focusseds- treatment_of_asylum_seekers_in_ms_3may2010__wider_ tudy2013_oganisation_of_reception_facilities_final_ver- dissemina_en.pdf sion_28feb2014.pdf ■■ European Migration Network (EMN): Changes in immigration ■■ European Migration Network (EMN): Policies on Reception, status and purpose of stay: an overview of EU Member Return and Integration Arrangements for, and numbers of, States’ approaches, 2015, https://ec.europa.eu/home-af- Unaccompanied Minors – an EU comparative study, 2010, fairs/what-we-do/networks/european_migration_network/ https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/ reports_en what-we-do/networks/european_migration_network/ ■■ European Migration Network (EMN): Establishing Identity for reports/docs/emn-studies/emn_study_policies_practices_ International Protection: Challenges and Practices, 2013, and_data_on_unaccompanied_minors_in_the_eu_ https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/ member_states_and_norway_synthesis_report_final_ what-we-do/networks/european_migration_network/ eu_2015.pdf reports/docs/emn-studies/ ■■ European Migration Network (EMN): Programmes and establishing-identity/0_emn_id_study_synthesis_migr280_ strategies in the EU Member States fostering assisted finalversion_2002013_en.pdf return to and reintegration in Third Countries, 2011, http:// ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/networks/ european_migration_network/reports/docs/emn-studies/

417 assisted-return/0_emn_synthesis_report_assisted_return_ ■■ Human Rights at Sea, Voluntary Code of Conduct for Search and_reintegration_final_version_22march2011_en.pdf and Rescue operations under-taken by civil society NGOs in ■■ European Migration Network (EMN): Return Migration, 2007, the Mediterranean Sea, First Edition, February 2017, https:// http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/networks/ www.humanrightsatsea.org/wp-content/ european_migration_network/reports/docs/emn-studies/ uploads/2017/03/20170302-NGO-Code-of-Conduct-FI- return-migration/0a._emn__return_migration_study_ NAL-SECURED.pdf. synthesis_report_may07_en.pdf ■■ International Centre for Migration Policy Development ■■ European Migration Network (EMN): Use of detention and (ICMPD): Regularisations in Europe (REGINE), Study on alternatives to detention in the context of immigration practices in the area of regularisation of illegally staying policies, 2014, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/ third-country nationals in the Member States of the what-we-do/networks/european_migration_network/ European Union, February 2009, http://research.icmpd.org/ reports/studies/results/irregular-migration/index_en.htmEu- fileadmin/Research-Website/Logos/Publications/REGINE_ ropean Migration Network (EMN): Satisfying Labour Policy_Brief.pdf Demand through Migration, 2011, https://ec.europa.eu/ ■■ International Labour Organisation (ILO): ISCO-88, home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we-do/networks/ International Standard Classification of Occupations, european_migration_network/reports/docs/emn-studies/ Geneva 1990, http://www.ilo.org/ labour-demand/0_satisfying_labour_demand_through_ wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/ migration_final_8july2011_en.pdf meetingdocument/wcms_087943.pdf ■■ European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA): ■■ International Organisation for Migration (IOM): World Developing indicators for the protection, respect and Migration Report, 2008, http://publications.iom.int/ promotion of the rights of the child in the European Union, bookstore/free/WMR_1.pdf March 2009, http://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2012/ ■■ Malgesini and Giménez: Guía de conceptos sobre migra- developing-indicators-protection-respect-and-promo- ciones racismo e inteculturalidad, 2000, not available tion-rights-child-european-union online ■■ European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA): ■■ Migration Policy Institute: Skilled Immigrants in the Global Study on separated, asylum seeking children in EU Member Economy: Prospects for International Cooperation on States, 2010, http://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/ Recognition of Foreign Qualifications, 2013, http://www. fra_uploads/1692-SEPAC-comparative-report_EN.pdf migrationpolicy.org/research/ ■■ European University Institute: the Development of the EU international-cooperation-recognition-foreign-qualifications Asylum Policy: Revisiting the Venue-shopping Argument, ■■ Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe http://www.eui.eu/Documents/RSCAS/Research/ (OSCE): National referral mechanism: joining efforts to MWG/201011/10-27-Kaunert.pdf protect the rights of trafficked persons, 2004, http://www. ■■ Eurostat: Demographic statistics: Definitions and methods osce.org/odihr/13967?download=true of collection in 31 European Countries (Working Papers and ■■ Oxford Migration Observatory: Migration Observatory Studies, 3/2003/E/no25), http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ Response to House of Lords EU Home Affairs ramon/statmanuals/files/KS-CC-03-005-EN.pdf Subcommittee’s inquiry into the European Commission’s ■■ Eurostat: Trafficking in human beings (Methodologies and Communication on a Global Approach to Migration and Working Papers), 2013, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/ Mobility, 25 July 2012, http://migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/ products-statistical-working-papers/-/KS-RA-13-005 migration-observatory-response-call-evidence ■■ Global Forum on Migration and Development: Repository ■■ Towards Harmonised European Statistics on International of Migration Profiles, http://www.gfmd.org/pfp/policy-tools/ Migration (THESIM) project: official website, http://www. migration-profiles/repository seemig.eu/downloads/resources/THESIMFinalReport.pdf ■■ Hoffmann, Eivind: Collecting statistics on imbalances in the ■■ United Nations: Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, demand for labour. - In: Statistical Journal of the United September 2004, http://www.unhcr.org/43ce1cff2.html Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), Vol. 16 ■■ United Nations Economic Commission for Europe: (1999). Pp 105 - 121., http://content.iospress.com/articles/ Recommendations for the 2010 Censuses of Population statistical-journal-of-the-united-nations-economic-com- and Housing, 2010, http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/ mission-for-europe/sju00434 stats/publications/CES_2010_Census_Recommendations_ English.pdf ■■ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR):

ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION official website, http://www.unhcr.org/

418 ■■ UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Guidelines ■■ World Bank: Committee on Payment and Settlement on International Protection No. 1: Gender-Related System – General principles for remittances, January 2007, Persecution Within the Context of Article 1A(2) of the 1951 http://siteresources.worldbank.org/NEWS/Resources/ Convention and/or its 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status GeneralPrinciplesforIntRemittances.pdf of Refugees, 7 May 2002, http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/ ■■ World Health Organisation (WHO): Female genital mutila- texis/vtx/rwmain?docid=3d36f1c64 tion, fact sheet, Updated February 2017, http://www.who. ■■ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR): int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/ Guidelines on the Applicable Criteria and Standards relating to the Detention of Asylum-Seekers and Alternatives to Detention, 2012, http://www.refworld.org/ docid/503489533b8.html ■■ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR): Beyond Proof - Credibility Assessment in EU Asylum Systems, 2013, http://www.unhcr.org/51a8a08a9.html ■■ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR): Draft Proposal for a Central Mediterranean Sea Initiative: EU solidarity for rescue-at-sea, protection and comprehensive responses, 2013, http://www.refworld.org/ pdfid/52c172f84.pdf ■■ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR): Note on Burden and Standard of Proof in Refugee Claims, 16 December 1998, http://www.refworld.org/ docid/3ae6b3338.html ■■ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR): Position on Manifestly Un-founded Applications for Asy- lum, 1 December 1992, http://www.refworld.org/ docid/3ae6b31d83.html ■■ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR): The Problem of Manifestly Unfounded or Abusive Applica- tions for Refugee Status or Asylum, 20 October 1983, UN-HCR Executive Committee Conclusion No. 30 (XXXIV) of 1983, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae68c6118.html ■■ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR): Resettlement Handbook and Country Chapters, Dezember 2016, http://www.unhcr.org/protection/resettlement/4a2c- cf4c6/unhcr-resettlement-handbook-country-chapters.html ■■ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR): Rescue at sea: a guide to principles and practice as applied to migrants and refugees, www.unhcr.org/450037d34.pdf ■■ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR): Voluntary Repatriation: International Protection - handbook, 1996, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3510.html ■■ United Nations Statistics: Recommendations on Statistics of International Migration, http://unstats.un.org/unsd/ publication/SeriesM/SeriesM_58rev1e.pdf ■■ Varandas, I. and J. Martins: Signalling Identification Integration of Victims of Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation – Construction of a Guide, 2007, not available online English index

• absconding 10 • beneficiary of subsidiary protection 44 • accelerated international protection procedure 11 • best interests of the child (BIC) 45 • access to healthcare 12 • biometric data 46 • access to the procedure for international 13 • Black Sea Synergy 47 protection • border area 48 • accommodation centre 14 • border control 48 • acculturation 14 • border crossing 49 • acquisition of citizenship 15 • border crossing point 49 • act of persecution 16 • border resident 50 • actor of persecution or serious harm 17 • brain circulation 50 • actor of protection 18 • brain drain 51 • adaptation 18 • brain gain 51 • admission onto the territory 19 • brain waste 52 • adoption (of a child) 19 • breeder documents 52 • adoption (of legal acts) 20 • Budapest Process 53 • adoption of convenience 20 • burden of proof 54 • adult 21 • carrier 54 • advance passenger information (API) 21 • carriers’ liability 55 • Africa Caribbean Pacific (ACP) Observatory on 22 • case worker in procedures for international 56 Migration protection • Africa-EU Migration, Mobility and Employment 23 • Centre for Information, Discussion and 57 Partnership Exchange on the Crossing of Frontiers and • age assessment 24 Immigration (CIREFI) • airport transit visa 25 • chain migration 58 • alien 25 • change of status 59 • alternative to detention 26 • Charter of Fundamental Rights of the 60 • applicant for international protection 27 European Union • applicant in need of special procedural 28 • child 61 guarantees • child labour 62 • applicant with special reception needs 29 • circular migration 63 • application for asylum 30 • citizenship 64 • application for international protection 31 • civil partnership of convenience 65 • apprehension 32 • (civil) war refugee 66 • Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) 32 • Committee on Immigration and Asylum (CIA) 67 • assigned area of residence 33 • Common Basic Principles 68 • assimilation 34 • Common European Asylum System (CEAS) 69 • assisted voluntary return 35 • Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) 70 • asylum 36 • contract migrant worker 71 • Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF) 37 • Convention grounds for persecution 72 • asylum seeker 38 • Convention refugee 73 • asylum shopping 39 • Cooperation Platform on Migration and 74 • au pair 39 Development • Automated Border Control (ABC) 40 • Cotonou Agreement 75 • Automated Fingerprint Identification System 41 • country of birth 76 (AFIS) • country of destination 76 • Bali Process 42 • country of nationality 77 • beneficiary of international protection 43 • country of origin 78 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • culture cultural pluralism cultural diversity crude rateofnetmigration cross-border worker crime againsthumanity credibility assessment Court ofJusticetheEuropeanUnion(CJEU) country oftransit country ofreturn country oforigininformation (COI) ethnic nationality ethnic cleansing establishment ofidentity environmentally displacedperson Entry/Exit System(EES) entry ban enforcement measure employment employer sanction employer employee emigration emigrant emergency responsesystem economic migration economic migrant Eastern Partnership (EAP) durable solutions Dublin transfer Dublin Regulation Dublin procedure Dublin Convention dual citizenship distribution key displacement displaced person direct discrimination diaspora Dialogue onMediterraneanTransit Migration determining authority detention standardsandconditions detention facility detention beings detection ofavictimtraffickinginhuman detainee dependant de jurepopulation degrading treatmentorpunishment de factorefugee de factopopulation 122 121 120 119 118 117 116 116 115 114 114 113 112 111 110 109 108 107 106 105 104 104 103 102 101 100 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 80 79 99 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 91 90 89 88 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • (EUROSUR) European BorderSurveillanceSystem (Frontex) European BorderandCoastGuardAgency European BorderandCoastGuard European AsylumSupportOffice(EASO) Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EUROMED) Eurodac Development Euro-African DialogueonMigrationand Eurasil EU-LAC StructuredDialogueonMigration EU ImmigrationPortal EU BlueCardholder EU BlueCard EU acquis the Western Mediterranean Five plus Five (5+5)DialogueonMigration in first countryofasylum final decision female genitalmutilation family reunification family tracing family migration family member family formation false declarationofparenthood False andAuthenticDocumentsOnline(FADO) external EUborder expulsion decision expulsion exploitation exodus ex-nunc examination exclusion clause protection examination ofanapplicationfor international evidence assessment Eurostat Europol Africa (EUTFfor Africa) European UnionEmergencyTrust Fundfor Rights (FRA) European UnionAgencyfor Fundamental System (ETIAS) European Travel Information andAuthorisation European traveldocumentfor return European NeighbourhoodPolicy(ENP) European MigrationNetwork(EMN) European integratedbordermanagement European CourtofHumanRights(ECtHR) European ConventiononHumanRights(ECHR) 134 133 132 131 130 129 128 127 126 125 124 124 123 165 164 163 162 161 160 159 158 157 156 155 154 153 152 151 150 149 148 147 146 145 144 143 142 141 140 139 138 137 136 135

Spanish Portuguese Italian German French English • forced labour 166 • immigration 204 • forced marriage 167 • Immigration Liaison Officer (ILO) 205 • forced migrant 167 • immigration programme 206 • forced migration 168 • immigration quota 207 • forced return 169 • impostor 207 • forced return monitoring 170 • inadmissible application for international 208 • foreign population of a country 171 protection • fraudulent travel or identity document 172 • indirect discrimination 209 • frontier worker 173 • indiscriminate violence 210 • fundamental rights 174 • informal economy 211 • gender 175 • Information and Coordination Network for 212 • gender-based persecution 176 Member States’ Migration Management • gender-specific violence 177 Services (ICONet) • General Directors of Immigration Services 178 • inhuman treatment or punishment 213 Conference (GDISC) • integration 214 • Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol 179 • intercultural dialogue 215 • genocide 180 • Intergovernmental Consultations on Migration, 216 • Global Approach to Migration and Mobility 181 Asylum and Refugees (IGC) (GAMM) • internal EU border 217 • Global Forum on Migration and Development 182 • internal protection 218 (GFMD) • internally displaced person 219 • group determination of refugee status 183 • International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) 220 • Group of Eight Roma-Lyon Group, Migration 184 format Experts Sub-Group • International Organization for Migration (IOM) 221 • group persecution 185 • international protection 222 • guest worker 186 • intra-corporate transferee 223 • harassment 186 • intra-EU mobility 224 • harmful onward movement 187 • irregular entry 225 • High-Level Working Group (HLWG) on Asylum 188 • irregular migrant 226 and Migration • irregular migration 227 • highly qualified employment 189 • Irregular Migration Management Application 228 • highly qualified migrant 190 (IRMA) • host country 191 • irregular stay 229 • host entity 191 • ius sanguinis 229 • host Member State 192 • ius soli 230 • host society 192 • labour market test 231 • hotspot approach 193 • labour matching 232 • hotspot area 194 • labour migration 233 • human rights 195 • labour shortage 233 • human rights law 195 • language analysis for the determination of 234 • humanitarian protection 196 origin (LADO) • identification of a victim of trafficking in 197 • legal entry 235 human beings • legal migration 236 • identified victim of trafficking in human beings 198 • LGB(TI) 237 • identity document 199 • Lisbon Treaty 238 • illegal employment 200 • local border traffic 239 • illegal employment of a legally staying third- 201 • lodging an application for international 240 country national protection • illegal employment of an illegally staying 202 • long-stay visa 241 third-country national • long-term migrant 241 • long-term migration 242 • immigrant 203 • long-term mobility 243 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • material receptionconditions mass influx marriage ofconvenience international protection manifestly unfounded applicationfor mandate refugee managed migration protection making anapplicationfor international loss ofcitizenship long-term resident population stock personal interview for internationalprotection person withamigratory background person eligiblefor subsidiaryprotection persecution partnership ofconvenience Palermo Protocol overstayer organised criminalgroup organised crime occupation obligation tocooperate nuclear family non-removable returnee non-refoulement non-EU national Migrants New York Declaration for Refugeesand net migration naturalisation national referral mechanism National ContactPointsonIntegration mutual recognitionagreement mutual information mechanism multiculturalism mobility partnership mixed migrationflow minority minor minimum standards (MARRI) Migration, Asylum,RefugeesRegionalInitiative migration routesinitiative migration route migration profile migration managementsupportteam migration flow migration migrant worker migrant stock migrant 248, 249 252 251 250 247 247 246 245 244 286 285 284 283 282 281 280 279 278 277 277 276 275 274 273 272 271 270 270 269 268 267 266 265 264 263 262 261 261 260 259 259 258 257 256 255 255 254 253 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • push-pull factor push factor pull factor Documents Online(PRADO) Public RegisterofAuthenticTravel andIdentity protection procedure for internationalprotection procedural guarantees principle ofequaltreatment prima facierefugee beings presumed victimoftraffickinginhuman Prague Process postponement ofremoval posted worker positive discrimination representative repatriation assistance repatriation remunerated trainee removal order removal remittance remain intheMemberState relocation rejected applicantfor international protection reintegration assistance reintegration regularisation regional protectionprogramme refusal ofentry refugee surplace refugee status refugee law refugee intransit refugee inorbit refugee reflection period re-entry international protection) recognition rate(inproceduresfor recognition offoreign qualifications reception facilities reception conditions reception centre real riskofsuffering seriousharm readmission agreement readmission Rapid BorderInterventionTeam (RABIT) racism racial discrimination quota 298 297 297 296 295 294 293 292 291 290 289 288 287 287 323 323 322 321 321 320 319 319 318 317 316 316 315 315 314 313 312 312 311 311 310 309 308 307 306 305 305 204 203 302 301 301 300 299 298

Spanish Portuguese Italian German French English • researcher 324 • social security 363 • resettled refugee 325 • sponsor 363 • resettlement 326 • spontaneous migration 364 • resettlement programme 327 • standard of proof 364 • residence document 327 • stateless person 365 • residence permit 328 • statutory refugee 365 • return 329 • stock of foreigners 366 • return decision 330 • stock of pending cases (in procedures for 367 • return intervention 331 international protection) • return operation 332 • Stockholm Programme 368 • return programme 333 • stranded migrant 369 • returnee 333 • Strategic Committee on Immigration, Frontiers 370 • right of asylum 334 and Asylum (SCIFA) • right of residence 335 • student 371 • right to appeal 335 • subsequent application for international 372 • right to asylum 336 protection • right to family life 336 • subsidiary protection 373 • right to family unity 337 • subsidiary protection status 374 • right to free movement 338 • suspensive effect 375 • risk of absconding 339 • temporary external border 376 • safe country of origin 340 • temporary migration 376 • safe third country 341 • temporary protection 377 • Schengen Agreement 342 • third country 378 • Schengen Borders Code 343 • third-country national 379 • Schengen Convention 343 • third-country national found to be illegally 380 • Schengen Information System (SIS) 344 present • school pupil 345 • torture 381 • search and rescue (SAR) operation 346 • total migration 382 • seasonal worker 347 • trafficking in human beings 383 • secondary movement of migrants 348 • trainee 384 • second-generation migrant 349 • transfer order 384 • segregation 350 • transit 385 • self-employed person 351 • travel document 385 • separated child 351 • unaccompanied minor 386 • serious harm 352 • unfounded application for international 387 • sex 352 protection • short-stay visa 353 • union citizen 388 • short-term migrant 353 • union preference 388 • short-term migration 354 • United Nations Convention on the Rights of 389 • short-term mobility 354 the Child (UNCRC) • single application procedure 355 • United Nations High Commissioner for 390 • single permit 355 Refugees (UNHCR) • Sirene Bureau 356 • unremunerated trainee 391 • Smart Borders Package 357 • usual residence 392 • smuggling of migrants 358 • usually resident population 393 • social dumping 358 • victimisation 394 • social exclusion 359 • visa 395 • social group 360 • Visa Code 396 • social inclusion 361 • visa facilitation agreement 397 • social partners 361 • Visa Information System (VIS) 398 • social protection benefits 362 • voluntary departure 398 • • • • • • • • • xenophobia work permit withdrawal ofrefugeestatus withdrawal ofinternationalprotection protection withdrawal ofanapplicationfor international well-founded fear ofpersecution war crime vulnerable person voluntary return 407 406 405 404 403 402 401 400 399

Spanish Portuguese Italian German French English French index

• accès à la procédure d'octroi de la protection 13 • autorité responsable de la détermination 97 internationale • bénéficiaire d’une protection internationale 43 • accès aux soins de santé 12 • bénéficiaire de la protection subsidiaire 44 • Accord de Cotonou 75 • Bureau européen d’appui en matière d’asile 131 • accord de réadmission 302 • Bureau SIRENE 356 • accord de reconnaissance mutuelle 267 • carte bleue européenne 124 • accord de Schengen 342 • centre d’accueil (pour demandeurs d’asile) 204 • accord visant à faciliter la délivrance de visas 397 • centre d’hébergement 14 • acculturation 14 • Centre d’information, de réflexion et 57 • acquis communautaire 123 d’échanges en matière de franchissement des • acquisition de la nationalité 15 frontières et d’immigration • acte de persécution 16 • centre de rétention 95 • acteur de la protection 18 • changement de statut 59 • acteur des persécutions ou des atteintes 17 • charge de la preuve 54 graves • Charte des droits fondamentaux de l’Union 60 • adaptation 18 européenne • admission sur le territoire 19 • chercheur 324 • adoption (d’actes législatifs) 20 • circulation des cerveaux 50 • adoption (d’un enfant) 19 • citoyen de l’Union européenne 388 • adoption de complaisance 20 • clause d’exclusion 148 • adulte 21 • clé de répartition 102 • afflux de cerveaux 51 • code des visas 396 • afflux massif 251 • code frontières Schengen 343 • Agence des droits fondamentaux de l’Union 142 • Comité stratégique sur l’immigration, les 370 européenne frontières et l’asile • Agence européenne de garde-frontières et de 133 • Comité sur l’immigration et l’asile 67 garde-côtes • conditions d’accueil 305 • agent responsable du traitement d’une 56 • conditions matérielles d’accueil 252 demande de protection internationale • Conférence des directeurs généraux des 178 • aide au rapatriement (acquis UE, BE, LU) / aide 323 services d’immigration au retour (FR) • constitution de la famille 157 • aide au retour volontaire 35 • Consultations intergouvernementales sur les 216 • alternative à la rétention 26 politiques d’asile, de réfugiés et de migrations • analyse linguistique pour la détermination de 234 • contrôle automatisé aux frontières 40 l’origine • contrôle aux frontières 48 • apatride 365 • contrôle du retour forcé 170 • application de gestion de la migration 228 • Convention de Dublin 104 irrégulière • Convention de Genève et Protocole relatifs au 179 • appréhension / arrestation 32 statut des réfugiés • approche des hotspots 193 • convention de Schengen 343 • approche globale de la question des 181 • Convention des Nations Unies relative aux 389 migrations et de la mobilité droits de l’enfant • asile 36 • Convention européenne des droits de l’homme 135 • assimilation 34 • Corps européen de garde-frontières et de 132 • assistance à la réintégration (acquis UE, BE, 316 garde-côtes LU); aide à la réinsertion (FR) • Cour de justice de l’Union européenne 81 • atteinte grave 352 • Cour européenne des droits de l'homme 136 • au pair 39 • crainte fondée de persécution 402 • crime contre l’humanité 83 • document de voyage 385 • crime organisé 277 • Document de voyage européen destiné au 140 • crimes de guerre 401 retour • culture 88 • document de voyage ou d’identité frauduleux 172 • décision d’éloignement (acquis UE, BE, FR) ; 153 • documents sources 52 décision d’expulsion (LU) • données biométriques 46 • décision de retour 330 • double nationalité 103 • décision finale 163 • droit à la libre circulation 338 English • Déclaration de New York pour les réfugiés et 271 • droit à la vie familiale 336 les migrants • droit à l'unité familiale 337 • délai de réflexion 309 • droit d’asile 334 • demande d’asile 30 • droit d’asile 336 • demande de protection internationale 31 • droit de recours 335 • demande de protection internationale 387 • droit de séjour 335 infondée • droit des réfugiés 312 • demande de protection internationale 208 • droit du sang 229

irrecevable • droit du sol 230 French • demande de protection internationale 248, 249 • droit relatif aux droits de l’homme 195 manifestement infondée • droits de l’homme 195 • demande ultérieure de protection 372 • droits fondamentaux 174 internationale • dumping social 358 • demandeur ayant des besoins particuliers en 29 • économie informelle 211 matière d’accueil • effet suspensif 375 • demandeur d’asile 38 • élève 345 • demandeur de protection internationale 27 • éloignement 320 German • demandeur de protection internationale 317 • éloignement (acquis UE, BE, FR) ; expulsion 152 débouté (LU) • demandeur nécessitant des garanties 28 • émigrant 112 procédurales spéciales • émigration 113 • départ volontaire 398 • emploi 116 • déplacement 101 • emploi hautement qualifié 189 • détection d’une victime de la traite des êtres 93 • emploi illégal 200 humains • emploi illégal d’un ressortissant de pays tiers 202

• détermination collective du statut de réfugié 183 en séjour irrégulier Italian • détermination de l’âge 24 • emploi illégal d’un ressortissant de pays tiers 201 • Dialogue 5+5 sur la migration en 165 en séjour régulier Méditerranée occidentale • employeur 114 • Dialogue euro-africain sur la migration et le 128 • enfant 61 développement • enfant séparé 351 • dialogue interculturel 215 • entité d’accueil 191 • Dialogue structuré sur les migrations entre 126 • entrée irrégulière 225 l’UE et les pays d’Amérique latine et des • entrée légale 235 Caraïbes (ALC) • entretien personnel sur la demande de 285 Portuguese • Dialogue sur la migration de transit en 98 protection internationale Méditerranée • envois de fonds 319 • diaspora 99 • équipe d’appui à la gestion des flux 257 • discrimination directe 99 migratoires • discrimination indirecte 209 • équipes d’intervention rapide aux frontières 301 • discrimination positive 287 • établissement de l’identité 120 • discrimination raciale 299 • État membre d’accueil 192

• diversité culturelle 86 • étranger 25 Spanish • document d’identité 199 • étudiant 371 • Eurasil 127 • immigrant 203 • Eurodac 129 • immigration 204 • Europol 144 • imposteur 207 • Eurostat 145 • inclusion sociale 361 • évaluation de la crédibilité 82 • information sur le pays d’origine 79 • évaluation des éléments de preuve 146 • informations préalables sur les passagers 21 • examen d’une demande de protection 147 • initiative régionale en matière de migration, 260 internationale d’asile et de réfugiés • examen du marché de l’emploi / du travail 231 • initiative relative aux routes migratoires 259 • examen ex-nunc 149 • intégration 214 • exclusion sociale 359 • interdiction d’entrée (acquis UE, BE, LU) ; 117 • exode / fuite massive 150 interdiction de retour sur le territoire (FR) • exploitation 151 • intérêt supérieur de l’enfant 45 • facteur d’attraction 297 • intervention en matière de retour 331 • facteur de répulsion 297 • introduire une demande de protection 240 • facteur de répulsion et d’attraction 298 internationale / déposer une demande de • famille nucléaire 275 protection internationale • fausse déclaration de parentalité 156 • LGB(TI) 237 • Faux documents et documents authentiques 155 • mariage de complaisance 250 en ligne • mariage forcé 167 • flux migratoire 256 • mécanisme d’information mutuelle 266 • flux migratoire mixte 263 • mécanisme d'intervention d'urgence 111 • Fonds Asile, migration et intégration / FAMI 37 • mécanisme national d’orientation 269 • Fonds fiduciaire d'urgence de l'Union 143 • membre de (la) famille 158 européenne pour l'Afrique • mesure d’éloignement 321 • format de l'Organisation de l'aviation civile 220 • mesure d’exécution 116 internationale • migrant 253 • Forum mondial sur la migration et le 182 • migrant de courte durée 353 développement • migrant de la deuxième génération 349 • franchissement de la frontière 49 • migrant de longue durée 241 • frontalier (acquis UE, BE) ; résident frontalier 50 • migrant économique 109 (FR, LU) • migrant en détresse / migrant bloqué 369 • frontière extérieure de l’UE 154 • migrant en séjour irrégulier 226 • frontière extérieure temporaire 376 • migrant forcé 167 • frontière intérieure de l’UE 217 • migrant hautement qualifié 190 • fuite 10 • migration 255 • fuite des cerveaux 51 • migration circulaire 63 • garanties procédurales 293 • migration de courte durée 354 • gaspillage des cerveaux 52 • migration de longue durée 242 • génocide 180 • migration de travail / migration de main 233 • genre 175 d’œuvre • gestion des migrations 247 • migration économique 110 • gestion européenne intégrée des frontières 137 • migration en chaîne 58 • groupe criminel organisé 278 • migration forcée 168 • Groupe de haut niveau Asile et Migration 188 • migration irrégulière 227 • groupe social 360 • migration légale 236 • harcèlement 186 • migration pour des raisons familiales 159 • Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les 390 • migration spontanée 364 réfugiés • migration temporaire 376 • identification d’une victime de la traite des 197 • mineur 261 êtres humains • mineur non accompagné 386 • minorité 262 • peine ou traitement inhumain 213 • mobilité de courte durée 354 • pénurie de main d'œuvre 233 • mobilité de longue durée 243 • permis de séjour 328 • mobilité intra-UE 224 • permis de travail / autorisation de travail 406 • motifs de persécution au sens de la 72 • permis unique 355 Convention de Genève • persécution 282 • mouvement secondaire dangereux 187 • persécution à l’encontre d’un groupe 185 English • mouvement secondaire de migrants 348 • persécution fondée sur le genre 176 • multiculturalisme 265 • personne à charge 91 • mutilations sexuelles féminines / mutilations 162 • personne dépassant la durée de séjour 279 génitales féminines autorisée • nationalité 64 • personne déplacée 100 • naturalisation 270 • personne déplacée à l’intérieur de son propre 219 • nettoyage ethnique 121 pays • niveau de preuve 364 • personne déplacée pour des raisons 119

• no usual translation 39 environnementales French • non-refoulement / interdiction de retour forcé 273 • personne éloignée (retour forcé) / personne 333 (LU) retournée (retour volontaire ou spontané) • non-ressortissant d’un État membre 272 • personne faisant l’objet d’un transfert 223 • normes et conditions de rétention 96 temporaire intragroupe • normes minimales 261 • personne issue de l’immigration 284 • nouvelle entrée 308 • personne non-éloignable faisant l’objet d’une 274 • obligation de coopérer 276 décision de retour • obligation de transfert 384 • personne pouvant bénéficier de la protection 283 German • Observatoire Afrique, Caraïbes, Pacifique sur 22 subsidiaire les migrations • personne retenue 92 • officier de liaison Immigration 205 • personne vulnérable 400 • opération de recherche et de sauvetage 346 • perte de la nationalité 245 • opération de retour 332 • petit trafic frontalier 239 • Organisation internationale pour les 221 • Plate-forme de coopération sur la migration et 74 migrations le développement • origine ethnique 122 • pluralisme culturel 87

• paquet de mesures frontières intelligentes 357 • point de passage frontalier 49 Italian • partenaires sociaux 361 • Points de contact nationaux en matière 268 • Partenariat Afrique-UE sur les migrations, la 23 d’intégration mobilité et l’emploi • politique de sécurité et de défense commune 70 • partenariat civil de complaisance 65 • Politique européenne de voisinage 139 • partenariat de complaisance 281 • population de droit 91 • Partenariat oriental 108 • population de fait 88 • partenariat pour la mobilité 264 • population étrangère d’un pays 171 • pays d’accueil 191 • population résidente 393 • pays d’origine 78 • Portail de l’UE sur l’immigration 125 Portuguese • pays d’origine sûr 340 • préférence communautaire 388 • pays de destination 76 • premier pays d’asile 164 • pays de naissance 76 • présenter une demande de protection 246 • pays de nationalité 77 internationale • pays de retour 80 • prestations de protection sociale 362 • pays de transit 80 • principe d’égalité de traitement 292 • pays tiers 378 • principes de base communs 68

• pays tiers sûr 341 • procédure accélérée de traitement d’une 11 Spanish • peine ou traitement dégradant 90 demande de protection internationale • procédure de demande unique 355 • régularisation 315 • procédure de Dublin 104 • réinstallation 326 • procédure pour l'octroi et le retrait de la 294 • réintégration (acquis UE, BE, LU); réinsertion 316 protection internationale (FR) • Processus de Bali 42 • relocalisation 318 • Processus de Budapest 53 • report de l’éloignement 288 • Processus de Prague 289 • représentant 323 • profession 277 • Réseau d’information et de coordination 212 • profil migratoire 258 sécurisé connecté à l’internet pour les services • programme d’aide au retour 333 des États membres chargés de la gestion des • programme d’immigration 206 flux migratoires (ICONet) • programme de réinstallation 327 • Réseau européen des migrations 138 • Programme de Stockholm 368 • résidence habituelle 392 • programme régional de protection 315 • résident de longue durée 244 • protection 295 • responsabilité des transporteurs 55 • protection à l'intérieur du pays 218 • ressortissant d’un pays tiers 379 • protection humanitaire 196 • ressortissant de pays tiers en situation illégale 380 • protection internationale 222 (acquis UE) ; ressortissant de pays tiers en • protection subsidiaire 373 situation irrégulière (FR) ; ressortissant de • protection temporaire 377 pays tiers en séjour irrégulier / illégal (BE, LU) • Protocole de Palerme 280 • rester dans l’État membre 319 • quota 298 • rétention 94 • quota d’immigration 207 • rétorsion 394 • racisme 300 • retour 329 • rapatriement 322 • retour forcé 169 • rapprochement de l'offre et de la demande de 232 • retour volontaire 399 main-d'œuvre / adéquation entre le profil du • retrait d’une demande de protection 403 travailleur et les caractéristiques du poste (FR) internationale • réadmission 301 • retrait de la protection internationale 404 • recherche des familles 160 • retrait du statut de réfugié 405 • reconnaissance des qualifications acquises à 306 • Réunion Asie-Europe 32 l’étranger • risque de fuite 339 • réfugié 310 • risque réel de subir des atteintes graves 203 • réfugié au sens de la Convention de Genève 73 • route migratoire 259 • réfugié de facto 89 • salarié 114 • réfugié de guerre (civile) 66 • sanction à l’encontre d’un employeur 115 • réfugié en orbite 311 • sécurité sociale 363 • réfugié en transit 311 • ségrégation 350 • réfugié prima facie 291 • séjour irrégulier 229 • réfugié réinstallé 325 • sexe 352 • réfugié relevant du mandat du HCR 247 • société d’accueil 192 • réfugié statutaire 365 • solde migratoire 270 • réfugié sur place 313 • solutions durables 107 • refus d'entrée 314 • sous-groupe des experts en migrations du 184 • régime d’asile européen commun 69 Groupe de Lyon / Rome (G8) • Registre public en ligne de documents 296 • stagiaire 384 authentiques d’identité et de voyage • stagiaire non rémunéré 391 • règlement Dublin 105 • stagiaire rémunéré 321 • regroupant 363 • statut conféré par la protection subsidiaire / 374 • regroupement familial; réunification familiale 161 statut de protection subsidiaire (FR) • statut de réfugié 312 • stock de dossiers en attente (dans les 367 • volume migratoire 382 procédures d'octroi de la protection • zone d’urgence migratoire (acquis UE) ; zone 194 internationale) hotspot (BE, FR, LU) • stock de migrants 254 • zone de résidence attribuée 33 • stock de population 286 • zone frontalière 48 • stock de population étrangère / stock 366 • xénophobie d’étrangers 407 English • structures d’accueil 305 • Synergie de la mer Noire 47 • Système automatisé d'identification des 41 empreintes digitales • système d’entrée / sortie 118 • Système d’information Schengen 344 • Système d’information sur les visas 398 • Système européen d’information et 141

d’autorisation concernant les voyages French • Système européen de surveillance des 134 frontières • taux brut de solde migratoire 85 • taux de reconnaissance (dans les procédures 307 d'octroi de la protection internationale) • titre de séjour 327 • titulaire d’une carte bleue européenne 124 • torture 381 German • trafic de migrants 358 • Traité de Lisbonne 238 • traite des êtres humains 383 • transfert Dublin 106 • transit 385 • transporteur 54 • travail des enfants 62 • travail forcé 166

• travailleur détaché 287 Italian • travailleur étranger / travailleur invité 186 • travailleur frontalier 173 • travailleur indépendant 351 • travailleur migrant 255 • travailleur migrant sous contrat 71 • travailleur saisonnier 347 • travailleur transfrontalier 84 • Union pour la Méditerranée 130 • victime identifiée de la traite des êtres 198 Portuguese humains • victime présumée de la traite des êtres 290 humains • violence aveugle 210 • violence liée au genre 177 • visa 395 • visa de court séjour 353

• visa de long séjour 241 Spanish • visa de transit aéroportuaire 25 German index

• (Bürger-)Kriegsflüchtling 66 • Arbeitsmarkttest 231 • 5+5 Dialog über Migration im Westlichen 165 • Arbeitsmigrant / Wanderarbeiter / 255 Mittelmeerraum Wanderarbeitnehmer • Aberkennung der Flüchtlingseigenschaft 405 • Arbeitsmigration 233 • Aberkennung des internationalen Schutzes 404 • Asien-Europa-Treffen 32 • abgelehnter Antragsteller auf internationalen 317 • Assimilation 34 Schutz • Asyl 36 • Abschiebung 320 • Asyl-, Migrations- und Integrationsfonds 37 • Abschiebungsanordnung 321 • Asylantrag 30 • Abschiebungshaft; Schubhaft (AT) 94 • Asylbehörde 97 • Abstammungsprinzip / Ius sanguinis 229 • Asylbewerber (EU acquis, DE); Asylwerber (AT); 38 • Abwanderer / Auswanderer / Emigrant 112 Asylantragsteller (LU) • Abwanderung / Auswanderung / Emigration 113 • Asyl-Shopping 39 • Adoption (eines Kindes) 19 • Aufenthaltsrecht 335 • Afrika-EU Partnerschaft in den Bereichen 23 • Aufenthaltstitel (EU acquis) 327 Migration, Mobilität und Beschäftigung • Aufenthaltstitel (EU acquis); 328 • Agentur der Europäischen Union für 142 Aufenthaltserlaubnis / Niederlassungserlaubnis Grundrechte (DE) • Akkulturation 14 • Aufgriff / Ergreifung / Festnahme 32 • Akteur, der Schutz bieten kann 18 • Aufnahmebedingungen 305 • Akteur, von dem eine Verfolgung oder ein 17 • Aufnahmeeinrichtung 204 ernsthafter Schaden ausgehen kann • Aufnahmeeinrichtungen 305 • alleinstehendes Kind 351 • Aufnahmegesellschaft 192 • Alternative zur Inhaftierung / Alternative zur 26 • Aufnahmeland 191 Inhaftnahme / Haftalternative ; Alternative zur • Aufnahmemitgliedstaat 192 Schubhaft / gelinderes Mittel (AT) • aufnehmende Einrichtung 191 • Altersfeststellung / Altersbestimmung 24 • aufschiebende Wirkung 375 • Änderung des Rechtsstatus 59 • Au-pair 39 • Anerkennung ausländischer Qualifikationen 306 • Ausbeutung 151 • Anerkennungsrate (in Verfahren auf 307 • Ausgangsdokumente (EU-acquis); no usual 52 internationalen Schutz) translation in DE • Annahme (von Rechtsakten) 20 • Ausländer 25 • Anpassung / Adaptation 18 • ausländische Bevölkerung eines Landes 171 • Antrag auf internationalen Schutz 31 • Ausrichtung des Profils der Arbeitskräfte auf 232 • Antragsteller auf internationalen Schutz 27 die Arbeitsmarkterfordernisse • Antragsteller mit besonderen Bedürfnissen bei 29 • Ausschlussklausel 148 der Aufnahme • Ausschuss für Einwanderung und Asyl 67 • Antragsteller, der besondere 28 • Auszubildender 384 Verfahrensgarantien benötigt • automatische Grenzkontrolle 40 • Anwendung für integriertes 228 • automatisiertes 41 Rückkehrmanagement Fingerabdruckidentifizierungssystem • Anzahl der Einwanderer 254 • Bali-Prozess 42 • Arbeitgeber 114 • Bedenkzeit 309 • Arbeitgebersanktion / Sanktion gegen einen 115 • begründete Furcht vor Verfolgung 402 Arbeitgeber • Belästigung 186 • Arbeitnehmer 114 • Beobachtungsstelle für Migration in Afrika, in 22 • Arbeitserlaubnis 406 der Karibik und im pazifischen Raum • Arbeitskräftemangel 233 • Beschäftigung 116 • Beschäftigung 277 • Einreise-/Ausreisesystem 118 • beschleunigtes Verfahren auf internationalen 11 • Einreiseverbot 117 Schutz • einstweilige Aussetzung der Abschiebung 288 • Bestand der ausländischen Wohnbevölkerung 366 (EU acquis); vorübergehende Aussetzung der • bestehende anhängige Verfahren 367 Abschiebung / Duldung (AT, DE); Aufschub der (bei Verfahren zur Anerkennung auf Abschiebung (LU) internationalen Schutz) / Bestand an • entsandter Arbeitnehmer 287

anhängigen Verfahren • Erkennung eines Opfers von Menschenhandel 93 English • Betrüger 207 • erniedrigende Behandlung oder Bestrafung 90 • Bevölkerungs(be)stand 286 • ernsthafter Schaden 352 • Beweisanforderung 364 • erster Asylstaat / erstes Asylland 164 • Beweislast 54 • Erwachsener 21 • Beweiswürdigung 146 • Erwerb der Staatsangehörigkeit / Erwerb der 15 • bezahlter Auszubildender 321 Staatsbürgerschaft • Binnenvertriebener 219 • erzwungene Migration / Zwangsmigration 168 • biologisches Geschlecht 352 • ethnische Säuberung 121 French • biometrische Daten 46 • ethnische Zugehörigkeit 122 • Blaue Karte EU 124 • EU-Außengrenze 154 • Brain Circulation 50 • EU-Besitzstand 123 • Brain Drain 51 • EU-Binnengrenze 217 • Brain Gain 51 • EU-Binnenmobilität 224 • Brain Waste 52 • Eurodac 129 • Brennpunkt (EU-acquis); Hotspot-Gebiet 194 • Europäisch -afrikanischer Dialog über 128 • Budapest-Prozess 53 Migration und Entwicklung / Euro-afrikanischer

• Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen 60 Dialog über Migration und Entwicklung German Union • Europäische Agentur für die Grenz- und 133 • Cotonou-Abkommen 75 Küstenwache • dauerhafte Lösung 107 • Europäische Grenz- und Küstenwache 132 • De-facto-Bevölkerung / tatsächlich anwesende 88 • Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention 135 Bevölkerung • Europäische Nachbarschaftspolitik 139 • De-facto-Flüchtling 89 • Europäischer Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte 136 • De-jure-Bevölkerung 91 • Europäisches Grenzüberwachungssystem 134 • Dialog über Transitmigration im 98 • Europäisches Migrationsnetzwerk 138 Italian Mittelmeerraum • europäisches Reisedokument für die Rückkehr 140 • Diaspora 99 (EU-acquis); europäisches Reisedokument für • doppelte Staatsangehörigkeit / doppelte 103 die Rückführung Staatsbürgerschaft / Doppelstaatigkeit • Europäisches Reiseinformations- und 141 • Drittstaat 378 -genehmigungssystem • Drittstaatsangehöriger 379 • Europäisches Unterstützungsbüro für 131 • Drittstaatsangehöriger, dessen illegaler 380 Asylfragen Aufenthalt festgestellt wird • Europa-Mittelmeer-Partnerschaft / 130

• Dubliner Übereinkommen 104 Euro‑mediterrane Partnerschaft Portuguese • Dublin-Verfahren 104 • Europol 144 • Dublin-Verordnung 105 • Eurostat 145 • Durchreise / Transit 385 • EU-Zuwanderungsportal / EU- 125 • Einbürgerung 270 Einwanderungsportal • einen Antrag auf internationalen Schutz 246 • Ex-nunc-Prüfung; Entscheidung ohne 149 stellen Neuerungsverbot (AT) • einen förmlichen Antrag auf internationalen 240 • Exodus 150 Schutz stellen • falsche Erklärung der Elternschaft / falsche 156 Spanish • einheitliches Antragsverfahren 355 Elternschaftsangabe • Falsche und echte Dokumente online 155 • Grenzübertritt 49 • Familienangehöriger 158 • Grundrechte 174 • Familienbildung 157 • Gruppe der Acht (Rom-Lyon-Gruppe), 184 • Familienmigration 159 Untergruppe von Migrationsexperten • Familienzusammenführung 161 • Gruppenfeststellung der Flüchtlingseigenschaft 183 • Feststellung eines Opfers von 197 • Gruppenverfolgung 185 Menschenhandel / Identifizierung eines Opfers • Hafteinrichtung (EU acquis, AT, DE); 95 von Menschenhandel Abschiebehaftanstalt (LU) • Fluchtgefahr / Gefahr unterzutauchen 339 • Häftling 92 • Flüchtling / Geflüchteter 310 • Haftstandards und -bedingungen 96 • Flüchtling sur place 313 • Haftung von Beförderungsunternehmen 55 • Flüchtlingsrecht 312 • Herkunftsland, Herkunftsstaat 78 • Flüchtlingsstatus 312 • Herkunftsländerinformation 79 • Folgeantrag auf internationalen Schutz 372 • hochqualifizierte Beschäftigung 189 • Folter 381 • hochqualifizierter Migrant 190 • Format der Internationalen Zivilluftfahrt- 220 • Hochrangige Arbeitsgruppe Asyl und 188 Organisation / Format der Zivilluftfahrt- Einwanderung / Hochrangige Gruppe Asyl und Organisation Migration • Forscher 324 • Hoher Flüchtlingskommissar der Vereinten 390 • freiwillige Ausreise 398 Nationen • freiwillige Rückkehr 399 • Hotspot-Konzept; Brennpunkt-System (EU 193 • Gastarbeiter 186 acquis) • Geburtsland 76 • humanitärer Schutz 196 • gefährliche Weiterwanderung 187 • identifiziertes Opfer von Menschenhandel 198 • gefälschtes Reise-oder Identitätsdokument / 172 • Identitätsdokument 199 betrügerisches Reise-oder Identitätsdokument • Identitätsfeststellung 120 • gegenseitige Anerkennungsvereinbarung 267 • illegale Beschäftigung 200 • Gemeinsame Grundprinzipien 68 • illegale Beschäftigung eines 201 • Gemeinsame Sicherheits- und 70 Drittstaatsangehörigen mit rechtmäßigem Verteidigungspolitik Aufenthalt • Gemeinsames Europäisches Asylsystem 69 • illegale Beschäftigung eines 202 • gemischte Wanderungsbewegung / gemischte 263 Drittstaatsangehörigen ohne rechtmäßigen Migrationsbewegung Aufenthalt • Genfer Flüchtlingskonvention und Protokoll / 179 • Informations- und Koordinierungsnetz für die 212 Übereinkommen über die Rechtsstellung von Migrationsbehörden der EU-Mitgliedstaaten Flüchtlingen / Flüchtlingsabkommen • Informations-, Reflexions- und 57 • Gerichtshof der Europäischen Union 81 Austauschzentrum für Fragen im • Gesamtansatz für Migration und Mobilität 181 Zusammenhang mit dem Überschreiten der • geschlechtsspezifische Gewalt 177 Außengrenzen und der Einwanderung • gesteuerte Migration 247 • informelle Wirtschaft / Schattenwirtschaft 211 • gestrandeter Migrant (term is not used in AT, 369 • Inhaber einer Blauen Karte EU 124 DE, LU) • Integration 214 • Glaubwürdigkeitsprüfung / Prüfung der 82 • integrierte europäische Grenzverwaltung 137 Glaubwürdigkeit • interkultureller Dialog 215 • Gleichbehandlungsgrundsatz 292 • internationale Menschenrechtsnormen 195 • Grenzarbeitnehmer 173 • Internationale Organisation für Migration 221 • Grenzbewohner 50 • internationaler Schutz 222 • Grenzgänger 84 • interner Schutz 218 • Grenzgebiet / Grenzregion 48 • irreguläre Einreise 225 • Grenzkontrolle 48 • irreguläre Migration 227 • Grenzübergang / Grenzübergangsstelle 49 • irregulärer Aufenthalt 229 • irregulärer Migrant 226 • Mobilitätspartnerschaft 264 • Kernfamilie 275 • Multikulturalismus 265 • Kettenmigration 58 • Nationale Kontaktstellen für Integration 268 • Kind 61 • nationaler Überweisungsmechanismus 269 • Kinderarbeit 62 • Nettomigration 270 • kleiner Grenzverkehr 239 • Netzwerk für Asylpraktiker der Europäischen 127 • kombinierte Erlaubnis 355 Union / Eurasil • Konferenz der Generaldirektoren der 178 • neuangesiedelter Flüchtling 325

Einwanderungsbehörden • Neuansiedlung 326 English • Konventionsflüchtling 73 • Neuansiedlungsprogramm 327 • Kooperationsplattform für Migration und 74 • New Yorker Erklärung für Flüchtlinge 271 Entwicklung und Migranten / New Yorker Erklärung zu • Kriegsverbrechen 401 Flüchtlingen und Migranten • Kultur 88 • Nicht-EU-Bürger 272 • kulturelle Vielfalt 86 • Nichtzurückweisung / Non-refoulement 273 • kultureller Pluralismus 87 / Schutz vor Zurückweisung / Verbot der • kurzfristig aufhältiger Migrant / Kurzzeit- 353 Ausweisung und Zurückweisung French Migrant / temporärer Migrant • Notfallsystem; Notfallklausel (EU acquis) 111 • kurzfristige Migration / Kurzzeit-Migration 354 • Nothilfe-Treuhandfonds der Europäischen 143 • kurzfristige Mobilität 354 Union für Afrika • Land der Staatsangehörigkeit / Land der 77 • offensichtlich unbegründeter Antrag auf 248, 249 Staatsbürgerschaft internationalen Schutz • langfristig Aufenthaltsberechtigter 244 • Öffentliches online-Register echter Identitäts- 296 • langfristig aufhältiger Migrant / Langzeit- 241 und Reisedokumente Migrant • organisierte Kriminalität 277

• langfristige Migration / Langzeit-Migration 242 • organisierte kriminelle Gruppe / organisierte 278 German • langfristige Mobilität 243 kriminelle Vereinigung • legale Einreise 235 • Östliche Partnerschaft 108 • legale Migration 236 • Palermo-Protokoll 280 • Legalisierung / Regularisierung 315 • Person mit Anspruch auf subsidiären Schutz 283 • LGB(TI) 237 • Person mit Migrationshintergrund 284 • Mandatsflüchtling 247 • Person, der internationaler Schutz zuerkannt 43 • Massenzustrom 251 wurde • Maßnahmenpaket Intelligente Grenzen / Paket 357 • Person, der subsidiärer Schutz zuerkannt 44 Italian Intelligente Grenzen wurde • materielle Aufnahmebedingungen 252 • Person, die die zulässige Aufenthaltsdauer 279 • Mechanismus zur gegenseitigen Information 266 überschritten hat • Menschenhandel 383 • persönliche Anhörung zum Antrag auf 285 • Menschenrechte 195 internationalen Schutz • Migrant 253 • positive Diskriminierung 287 • Migrant aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen / 109 • Prager Prozess 289 Wirtschaftsmigrant • Prima-Facie Flüchtling 291

• Migrant der zweiten Generation 349 • Prüfung eines Antrags auf internationalen 147 Portuguese • Migration 255 Schutz • Migrationsprofil 258 • Pull-Faktor 297 • Migrationsroute 259 • Push-Faktor 297 • Migrationsrouten-Initiative 259 • Push-Pull-Faktor 298 • Minderheit 262 • Quote 298 • Minderjähriger 261 • Rassismus 300 • Minimumstandards 261 • rassistische Diskriminierung / 299 • mittelbare Diskriminierung 209 Rassendiskriminierung Spanish • Mitwirkungspflicht 276 • Recht auf Asyl 336 • Recht auf Familieneinheit / Recht auf Wahrung 337 • Schüler 345 des Familienverbandes • Schutz 295 • Recht auf Familienleben 336 • schutzbedürftige Person 400 • Recht auf Freizügigkeit 338 • Schwarzmeersynergie 47 • Recht auf Rechtsbehelf; Recht auf Berufung 335 • Segregation 350 (DE, LU) / Recht auf einen wirksamen • Sekundärmigration 348 Rechtsbehelf • Selbstständiger 351 • Recht, Asyl zu gewähren; Asylrecht (DE) 334 • sicherer Drittstaat 341 • rechtskräftige Entscheidung 163 • sicherer Herkunftsstaat 340 • refugee in orbit (no usual translation) 311 • Sirene-Büro 356 • refugee in transit (no usual translation) 311 • Soforteinsatzteam für Grenzsicherungszwecke 301 • Regionale Migrations-, Asyl- und 260 • Sozialdumping 358 Flüchtlingsinitiative • soziale Ausgrenzung 359 • Regionales Schutzprogramm 315 • soziale Eingliederung 361 • Reintegration 316 • soziale Gruppe 360 • Reintegrationshilfe 316 • soziale Sicherheit 363 • Reisedokument 385 • soziales Geschlecht 175 • Repatriierung 322 • Sozialpartner 361 • rohe Netto-Migrationsrate 85 • Sozialschutzleistungen 362 • Rückführung (EU acquis) / Ausweisung (DE) 152 • spontane Migration 364 • Rückführungsentscheidung (EU acquis); 153 • Sprachanalyse zur Bestimmung der Herkunft 234 Ausweisungsentscheidung (DE, LU) • Staatenloser 365 • Rückkehr 329 • Staatsangehörigkeit / Staatsbürgerschaft 64 • Rückkehraktion 332 • statutärer Flüchtling 365 • Rückkehreinsatz 331 • Stockholmer Programm 368 • Rückkehrentscheidung (EU acquis); 330 • Strategisches Komitee für Einwanderungs-, 370 Rückführungsentscheidung (DE) Grenz- und Asylfragen • Rückkehrer 333 • Strukturierter Dialog über Migrationsfragen 126 • Rückkehrhilfe für Personen, denen 323 zwischen der EU und den Ländern internationaler Schutz zuerkannt wurde; Lateinamerikas und der Karibik Rückkehrhilfe für Asylberechtigte (AT) • Student 371 • Rückkehrland 80 • subsidiärer Schutz 373 • Rückkehrpflichtige Person, die nicht 274 • subsidiärer Schutzstatus 374 zurückgeführt werden kann • Such- und Rettungseinsatz 346 • Rückkehrprogramm 333 • Suche nach Familienangehörigen 160 • Rücknahme des Antrags auf internationalen 403 • tatsächliche Gefahr, einen ernsthaften 203 Schutz Schaden zu erleiden • Rückübernahme 301 • Team zur Unterstützung der 257 • Rückübernahmeabkommen 302 Migrationsverwaltung • Rücküberweisung 319 • temporäre Migration 376 • Sachbearbeiter in Verfahren für 56 • Territorialprinzip / Ius soli / Geburtslandprinzip 230 internationalen Schutz; Referent in Verfahren • Transitland 80 für internationalen Schutz (AT) • Transportunternehmer 54 • Saisonarbeiter 347 • Übereinkommen der Vereinten Nationen 389 • Scheinadoption 20 über die Rechte des Kindes / Internationale • Scheinehe 250 Kinderrechtskonvention • Scheinpartnerschaft 281 • Überstellungsanordnung 384 • Schengener Durchführungsübereinkommen 343 • Übertragung der Zuständigkeit; Dublin- 106 • Schengener Grenzkodex 343 Überstellung • Schengener Informationssystem 344 • Überwachung von Rückführungen 170 • Schengener Übereinkommen 342 • üblicher Aufenthaltsort 392 • Schleusung von Migranten 358 • Umsiedlung (EU-acquis); Umverteilung 318 • Umweltvertriebener 119 • Vorabinformationen über die beförderte 21 • unbegleiteter Minderjähriger 386 Person / Vorabdaten über die beförderte • unbegründeter Antrag auf internationalen 387 Person / Vorab-Passagier-Informationssystem Schutz • vorläufige Außengrenze 376 • unbezahlter Auszubildender 391 • vorübergehender Schutz 377 • Unionsbürger 388 • Wanderungsbewegung / Migrationsbewegung 256 • Unionspräferenz 388 • Wanderungsvolumen 382 • unmenschliche Behandlung oder Bestrafung 213 • weibliche Genitalverstümmelung 162

• unmittelbare Diskriminierung 99 • Weltforum über Migration und Entwicklung 182 English • Unterbringungszentrum 14 • Wiedereinreise 308 • unternehmensintern transferierter 223 • willkürliche Gewalt 210 Arbeitnehmer (EU acquis, AT, LU); • Wirtschaftsmigration / Migration aus 110 innerbetrieblich versetzte Person (DE) wirtschaftlichen Gründen • unterstützte freiwillige Rückkehr 35 • Wohl des Kindes / Kindeswohl 45 • Untertauchen 10 • Wohnbevölkerung 393 • unzulässiger Antrag auf internationalen 208 • Zielland 76 Schutz • zirkuläre Migration 63 French • Verbindungsbeamter für Einwanderungsfragen 205 • zivile Scheinpartnerschaft 65 • Verbleib im EU-Mitgliedstaat 319 • Zugang zu medizinischer Versorgung 12 • Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit 83 • Zugang zum Verfahren auf internationalen 13 • Verfahren auf internationalen Schutz 294 Schutz • Verfahrensgarantien 293 • zugewiesenes Wohngebiet / geographische 33 • Verfolgung 282 Beschränkung des Aufenthalts / • Verfolgung aufgrund des Geschlechts / 176 Wohnsitzauflage / Wohnsitzbeschränkung geschlechtsspezifische Verfolgung • Zulassung zum Hoheitsgebiet 19

• Verfolgungsgründe (nach) der Genfer 72 • Zusammenführender / Sponsor 363 German Konvention / Konventionsgründe • Zuwanderer (EU acquis); Einwanderer / 203 • Verfolgungshandlung 16 Immigrant • Verlust der Staatsangehörigkeit / Verlust der 245 • Zuwanderung (EU acquis); Einwanderung / 204 Staatsbürgerschaft Immigration • vermutetes Opfer von Menschenhandel 290 • Zuwanderungsprogramm / 206 • Verteilungsschlüssel 102 Einwanderungsprogramm • Vertrag von Lissabon 238 • Zuwanderungsquote / Einwanderungsquote 207 • Vertragsarbeitnehmer 71 • zuzugsberechtigter Familienangehöriger / 91 Italian • Vertreibung 101 Familienangehöriger, dem Unterhalt gewährt • Vertreter (EU acquis); Stellvertreter (DE) 323 wird • Vertriebener 100 • Zwangsarbeit 166 • Verweigerung der Einreise (EU acquis); 314 • Zwangsheirat 167 Einreiseverbot (DE) • Zwangsmigrant 167 • Viktimisierung 394 • zwangsweise Rückführung / 169 • Visaerleichterungs-Abkommen 397 Zwangsrückführung / erzwungene Rückkehr • Visa-Informationssystem 398 • Zwischenstaatliche Beratungen über Migration, 216

• Visakodex 396 Asyl und Flüchtlinge Portuguese • Visum 395 • Ausländerfeindlichkeit / Fremdenfeindlichkeit / 407 • Visum für den Flughafentransit 25 Xenophobie • Visum für den kurzfristigen Aufenthalt 353 • Visum für den längerfristigen Aufenthalt (EU 241 acquis); Langzeit-Visum • Völkermord 180 • Vollstreckungsmaßnahme 116 Spanish Italian index

• (sistema di) monitoraggio dei rimpatri forzati 170 • beneficiario di protezione internazionale 43 • accertamento dell’età 24 • Beneficiario di protezione sussidiaria 44 • accesso all’assistenza sanitaria 12 • Cambiamento di status 59 • accesso alla procedura di registrazione della 13 • carenza di forza lavoro 233 domanda di protezione internazionale • Carta blu UE 124 • Accordo di Cotonou 75 • Carta dei Diritti Fondamentali dell’Unione 60 • accordo di facilitazione del visto 397 Europea • accordo di reciproco riconoscimento 267 • catena migratoria 58 • accordo di riammissione 302 • cause di persecuzione ex Convenzione di 72 • Accordo di Schengen 342 Ginevra • acculturazione 14 • centro di accoglienza 14 • acquis UE 123 • centro di accoglienza per richiedenti asilo 204 • acquisizione di cervelli 51 • Centro di Informazione, di Riflessione e di 57 • acquisizione di cittadinanza 15 Scambi in materia di Attraversamento delle • adattamento 18 Frontiere e di Immigrazione • adozione (di atti giuridici) 20 • Chiave di distribuzione 102 • adozione (di un bambino) 19 • circolazione di cervelli 50 • adozione fittizia 20 • cittadinanza 64 • adulto / maggiorenne 21 • cittadino dell’Unione 388 • afflusso massiccio 251 • cittadino di un paese terzo 379 • Agenzia dell’Unione Europea per i Diritti 142 • cittadino di un paese terzo presente 380 Fondamentali irregolarmente • Agenzia europea della guardia di frontiera e 133 • cittadino non comunitario 272 costiera • clausola di esclusione 148 • allontanamento 320 • Codice dei visti 396 • Alto Commissariato delle Nazioni Unite per i 390 • Codice Frontiere Schengen 343 Rifugiati • colloquio personale per la protezione 285 • alunno 345 internazionale • ammissione sul territorio 19 • colui che commette il reato di sostituzione di 207 • analisi del mercato del lavoro 231 persona • Analisi linguistica per la determinazione 234 • Comitato Immigrazione e Asilo 67 dell'origine • Comitato Strategico in materia di 370 • apolide 365 Immigrazione, Frontiere e Asilo • applicazione di gestione integrata dei rimpatri 228 • condizioni di accoglienza 305 • apprendista retribuito 321 • condizioni materiali di accoglienza 252 • Approccio globale in materia di migrazione e 181 • Conferenza dei Direttori generali dei Servizi 178 mobilità immigrazione • area o luogo di residenza assegnata 33 • Consultazioni Inter-Governative in materia di 216 • arresto 32 Immigrazione, Asilo e Rifugiati • asilo 36 • Controllo automatizzato delle frontiere 40 • assimilazione 34 • controllo di frontiera 48 • Assistenza al rimpatrio 323 • Convenzione delle Nazioni Unite sui diritti 389 • assistenza alla reintegrazione 316 dell’infanzia e dell’adolescenza • atto di persecuzione 16 • Convenzione di Dublino 104 • attraversamento della frontiera 49 • Convenzione di Ginevra e Protocollo di New 179 • autorità responsabile per il riconoscimento 97 York sullo status dei Rifugiati dello status di rifugiato • Convenzione di Schengen 343 • bambino - bambina / minore 61 • Convenzione Europea dei Diritti dell’Uomo 135 • Corte di giustizia dell’Unione europea 81 • Domanda di protezione internazionale 208 • Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo 136 inammissibile • costituzione di una famiglia 157 • domanda di protezione internazionale 248, 249 • crimine contro l’umanità 83 manifestamente infondata • crimine di guerra 401 • domanda infondata per il riconoscimento della 387 • crimine organizzato 277 protezione internazionale • cultura 88 • domanda reiterata di protezione 372

• danno grave 352 internazionale English • dati biometrici 46 • doppia cittadinanza 103 • datore di lavoro 114 • dumping sociale 358 • decisione definitiva 163 • economia informale 211 • decisione di espulsione 153 • effetto sospensivo 375 • decisione di ritorno / rimpatrio 330 • emigrante 112 • Determinazione dell'identità 120 • emigrazione 113 • Dialogo 5+5 sulle Migrazioni nel Mediterraneo 165 • Ente ospitante 191 Occidentale • esame della domanda di protezione 147 French • Dialogo Euro-Africano sulla Migrazione e lo 128 internazionale Sviluppo • Esame ex-nunc 149 • dialogo interculturale 215 • esclusione sociale 359 • Dialogo strutturato UE-ALC sulla migrazione 126 • esodo 150 • Dialogo sulla Migrazione di Transito nel 98 • espulsione 152 Mediterraneo • Eurasil 127 • diaspora 99 • Eurodac 129 • Dichiarazione di New York sui rifugiati e i 271 • Europol 144

migranti • Eurostat 145 German • dimora abituale 392 • falsa dichiarazione di filiazione 156 • diritti fondamentali 174 • famiglia nucleare 275 • diritti umani 195 • familiare 158 • diritto all’asilo 336 • fattore di attrazione 297 • diritto all’unità familiare 337 • fattore di spinta 297 • diritto alla vita familiare 336 • fattore di spinta-attrazione 298 • diritto dei diritti umani 195 • flusso migratorio 256 • diritto di asilo 334 • flusso migratorio misto 263 Italian • diritto di libera circolazione 338 • Fondo Asilo, Migrazioni e Integrazione / FAMI 37 • diritto di ricorso 335 • Fondo fiduciario d’emergenza dell’Unione 143 • diritto di soggiorno 335 Europea per l’Africa • discriminazione diretta 99 • Formato Standard ICAO – Organizzazione 220 • discriminazione indiretta 209 Internazionale Aviazione Civile • discriminazione positiva 287 • Forum Globale su Migrazione e Sviluppo 182 • discriminazione razziale 299 • frontiera esterna temporanea 376 • disposizione alternativa al trattenimento 26 • frontiera esterna UE 154

• diversità culturale 86 • frontiera interna UE 217 Portuguese • divieto di ingresso 117 • fuga 10 • Documenti falsi e autentici online 155 • fuga di cervelli 51 • documenti originatori 52 • funzionario di collegamento incaricato 205 • documento d’identità 199 dell’immigrazione • documento di viaggio 385 • garanzie procedurali 293 • documento di viaggio europeo per il rimpatrio 140 • genere 175 • documento di viaggio o di identità fraudolento 172 • genocidio 180 • domanda d’asilo 30 • Gestione europea integrata delle frontiere 137 Spanish • domanda di protezione internazionale 31 • giustificato timore di persecuzione 402 • grado di intensità della prova 364 • matrimonio forzato 167 • gruppo di criminalità organizzata 278 • Meccanismo di Informazione Reciproca 266 • Gruppo di lavoro ad alto livello in materia di 188 • meccanismo nazionale di riferimento 269 asilo e migrazione • Meeting Asia-Europa 32 • gruppo sociale 360 • migrante 253 • Guardia Costiera e di Frontiera Europea 132 • migrante altamente qualificato 190 • identificazione della vittima di tratta di esseri 197 • migrante bloccato 369 umani • migrante di breve periodo 353 • immigrato 203 • migrante di lungo periodo 241 • immigrazione 204 • migrante di seconda generazione 349 • inclusione sociale 361 • migrante economico 109 • incontro fra domanda e offerta di lavoro 232 • migrante forzato 167 • indagini familiari 160 • migrante irregolare 226 • individuazione della vittima di tratta degli 93 • migrazione 255 esseri umani • migrazione autorizzata 236 • informazioni anticipate sui passeggeri 21 • migrazione circolare 63 • informazioni sul paese di origine 79 • migrazione di breve periodo 354 • ingresso autorizzato 235 • migrazione di lungo periodo 242 • ingresso irregolare 225 • migrazione economica 110 • Iniziativa Regionale Migrazione, Asilo, Rifugiati 260 • migrazione familiare 159 • Iniziativa Rotte migratorie 259 • migrazione forzata 168 • inoltro di una domanda di protezione 240 • migrazione gestita 247 internazionale • migrazione irregolare 227 • integrazione 214 • migrazione netta (o saldo migratorio) 270 • intervento di rimpatrio 331 • migrazione per motivi di lavoro 233 • ius sanguinis 229 • migrazione spontanea 364 • ius soli 230 • migrazione temporanea 376 • lavoratore autonomo 351 • migrazione totale 382 • lavoratore dipendente 114 • minoranza 262 • lavoratore distaccato 287 • minore non accompagnato 386 • lavoratore frontaliero 84 • minore separato 351 • lavoratore migrante 255 • minore/minorenne 261 • lavoratore migrante a contratto 71 • misura di esecuzione 116 • lavoratore ospite 186 • Mobilità di breve durata 354 • lavoratore stagionale 347 • mobilità di lunga durata 243 • lavoratore straniero distaccato (persona 223 • mobilità intra-UE 224 trasferita all’interno della stessa società in un • molestia 186 altro paese) • movimento secondario di migranti 348 • lavoratore straniero frontaliero 173 • multiculturalismo 265 • lavoro / impiego 116 • mutilazione genitale femminile 162 • lavoro altamente qualificato 189 • naturalizzazione 270 • lavoro forzato 166 • nazionalità etnica 122 • lavoro illegale 200 • non-refoulement 273 • lavoro illegale di un cittadino di un paese terzo 202 • norme minime 261 irregolarmente soggiornante • obbligo del vettore 55 • lavoro illegale di un cittadino di un paese terzo 201 • obbligo di collaborazione 276 regolarmente soggiornante • onere della prova 54 • lavoro infantile 62 • operatore impegnato nella procedura di 56 • legislazione sull’asilo 312 protezione internazionale • LGB(TI) 237 • operazione di ricerca e soccorso 346 • matrimonio fittizio 250 • operazione di rimpatrio 332 • ordine di trasferimento 384 • Portale europeo dell’immigrazione 125 • Organizzazione Internazionale per le 221 • preferenza comunitaria 388 Migrazioni • presentazione di una domanda di protezione 246 • Osservatorio Africa, Caraibi e Pacifico sulle 22 internazionale migrazioni • prestazione di protezione sociale 362 • overstayer 279 • Principi Comuni di Base 68 • pacchetto Frontiere intelligenti 357 • principio di parità di trattamento 292

• paese di cittadinanza 77 • procedura accelerata di esame della domanda 11 English • paese di destinazione 76 di protezione internazionale • paese di nascita 76 • procedura di protezione internazionale 294 • paese di origine 78 • procedura Dublino 104 • paese di origine sicuro 340 • procedura unica di domanda 355 • paese di primo asilo 164 • Processo di Bali 42 • paese di ritorno 80 • Processo di Budapest 53 • paese di transito 80 • Processo di Praga 289 • paese ospitante 191 • professione / occupazione / impiego 277 French • paese terzo 378 • profilo migratorio 258 • paese terzo sicuro 341 • programma di protezione regionale 315 • Partenariato Africa-UE in materia di 23 • programma di reinsediamento 327 Migrazione, Mobilità e Occupazione • programma di ritorno 333 • Partenariato euromediterraneo 130 • Programma di Stoccolma 368 • Partenariato Orientale 108 • programma per l’immigrazione 206 • partenariato per la mobilità 264 • protezione 295 • partenza volontaria 398 • protezione all’interno del paese di origine 218

• parti sociali 361 • protezione internazionale 222 German • perdita di cittadinanza 245 • protezione sussidiaria 373 • Periodo di riflessione 309 • protezione temporanea 377 • permanenza nello Stato membro 319 • protezione umanitaria 196 • permesso di soggiorno 328 • Protocollo di Palermo 280 • permesso di soggiorno per motivi di lavoro 406 • provvedimento di allontanamento 321 • permesso unico 355 • pulizia etnica 121 • persecuzione 282 • Punti di contatto nazionali sull’integrazione 268 • persecuzione di genere 176 • Punto di crisi 194 Italian • persecuzione di gruppo 185 • quota 298 • persona a carico 91 • quota (per immigrati) 207 • persona avente titolo a beneficiare della 283 • rappresentante 323 protezione sussidiaria • razzismo 300 • persona che compie ritorno 333 • Registro pubblico online dei documenti di 296 • persona collocata alla pari 39 identità e di viaggio autentici • persona con un background migratorio 284 • Regolamento di Dublino 105 • persona trattenuta 92 • regolarizzazione 315

• persona vulnerabile 400 • Reingresso 308 Portuguese • Piattaforma di cooperazione sulla migrazione 74 • reinsediamento 326 e lo sviluppo • reintegrazione 316 • pluralismo culturale 87 • relazione stabile fittizia 281 • Politica di sicurezza e di difesa comune 70 • residente frontaliero 50 • politica europea di vicinato 139 • respingimento (rifiuto di ingresso) 314 • popolazione abitualmente residente 393 • responsabile di persecuzione o danni gravi 17 • popolazione de facto 88 • Rete di Informazione e Coordinamento per 212 • popolazione de jure 91 i Servizi di Gestione dell’Immigrazione degli Spanish • popolazione straniera di un paese 171 Stati Membri / ICONet • Rete Europea sulle Migrazioni 138 • sicurezza sociale 363 • revoca della protezione internazionale 404 • Sinergia del Mar Nero 47 • revoca dello status di rifugiato 405 • Sistema automatizzato di identificazione delle 41 • Riammissione 301 impronte digitali • ricercatore 324 • sistema basato sui punti di crisi 193 • richiedente asilo 38 • Sistema di Informazione Schengen 344 • richiedente protezione internazionale 27 • Sistema di Informazione Visti 398 • richiedente protezione internazionale che 28 • Sistema di ingres-si/uscite 118 necessita di garanzie procedurali particolari • sistema di risposta all’emergenza 111 • richiedente protezione internazionale con 29 • Sistema europeo comune di asilo 69 esigenze di accoglienza particolari • Sistema europeo di informazione e 141 • richiedente protezione internazionale respinto 317 autorizzazione ai viaggi • ricollocazione 318 • Sistema europeo di sorveglianza delle 134 • ricongiungimento familiare 161 frontiere esterne • riconoscimento collettivo dello status di 183 • società di accoglienza 192 rifugiato • soggetto responsabile della protezione 18 • riconoscimento della qualifica estera 306 • soggiornante di lungo periodo 244 • rifugiato 310 • soggiorno irregolare 229 • rifugiato a causa di una guerra (anche civile) 66 • soluzioni durevoli 107 • rifugiato de facto 89 • Sottogruppo G8 Roma/Lione di esperti in 184 • rifugiato ex Convenzione di Ginevra 73 migrazione (R/L) • rifugiato ex Mandato 247 • sponsor / soggiornante (familiare che inoltra 363 • rifugiato in transito 311 richiesta di ricongiungimento familiare) • rifugiato prima facie 291 • spostamento pericoloso 187 • rifugiato reinsediato 325 • spreco di cervelli 52 • rifugiato sur place 313 • Squadra di intervento rapido alle frontiere 301 • rifugiato titolare dello status prima della 365 • Squadra di sostegno per la gestione della 257 Convenzione di Ginevra del 1951 migrazione • rifugiato vagante 311 • standard e condizioni del trattenimento 96 • rimessa 319 • Stato membro ospitante 192 • Rimpatriandi non allontanabili 274 • status di protezione sussidiaria 374 • rimpatrio 322 • status di rifugiato 312 • rimpatrio volontario assistito 35 • stock di casi pendenti (nelle procedure di 367 • rinvio dell'allontanamento 288 protezione internazionale) • rischio di fuga 339 • stock di migranti 254 • rischio effettivo di subire un grave danno 203 • stock di popolazione 286 • ritiro della domanda di protezione 403 • stock di popolazione straniera 366 internazionale • straniero 25 • ritorno / rimpatrio 329 • struttura di accoglienza 305 • Ritorno forzato / Rimpatrio forzato 169 • struttura di trattenimento 95 • ritorno volontario / rimpatrio volontario 399 • studente 371 • rotta migratoria 259 • superiore interesse del minore 45 • sanzione nei confronti del datore di lavoro 115 • tasso di riconoscimento (nelle procedure di 307 • segregazione 350 protezione internazionale) • sesso 352 • tasso grezzo di migrazione netta 85 • Sfollamento 101 • tirocinante / apprendista 384 • sfollato 100 • tirocinante non retribuito 391 • sfollato interno 219 • titolare di Carta blu UE 124 • sfollato per motivi ambientali 119 • titolo di soggiorno 327 • sfruttamento 151 • tortura 381 • shopping delle richieste di asilo 39 • traffico di migranti 358 • traffico frontaliero locale 239 • transito 385 • trasferimento degli obblighi dello Stato 106 competente nella procedura Dublino • tratta di esseri umani 383 • Trattamento inumano o pena inumana 213 • Trattamento o pena degradante 90

• Trattato di Lisbona 238 English • trattenimento 94 • Uffici SIRENE 356 • Ufficio Europeo di Sostegno per l’Asilo 131 • unione civile fittizia 65 • valico di frontiera 49 • valutazione delle prove 146 • valutazione di credibilità 82 • vettore 54 French • violenza di genere 177 • Violenza indiscriminata 210 • visto 395 • visto di transito aeroportuale 25 • visto per soggiorno di breve durata 353 • visto per soggiorno di lunga durata 241 • vittima identificata di tratta di esseri umani 198 • vittima presunta di tratta di esseri umani 290

• vittimizzazione 394 German • zona di frontiera 48 • xenofobia 407 Italian Portuguese Spanish Portuguese index

• PT 398 • asilo 34 • abandono voluntário 181 • assimilação 316 • Abordagem Global da Migração e Mobilidade 123 • assistência à reintegração 323 • Acervo da União 13 • assistência à repatriação de beneficiários de 39 • acesso ao procedimento de proteção 12 proteção internacional internacional • asylum shopping 16 • acesso aos cuidados de saúde 75 • atos de perseguição 39 • Acordo de Cotonou 302 • au pair 97 • acordo de readmissão 267 • autoridade responsável pela decisão (asilo) 328 • acordo de reconhecimento mútuo 342 • autorização de residência 406 • Acordo de Schengen 397 • autorização de trabalho 355 • acordo sobre a facilitação da emissão de 14 • autorização única 358 vistos • auxílio à imigração ilegal 82 • aculturação 18 • avaliação da credibilidade 146 • adaptação 232 • avaliação da prova 44 • adequação entre oferta e procura de trabalho 288 • beneficiário de proteção subsidiária 43 / adequação entre o perfil do trabalhador e as • beneficiário de protecção internacional 51 caraterísticas do posto de trabalho • captação de cérebros 60 • adiamento do afastamento 19 • Carta Europeia dos Direitos Fundamentais 124 • adoção 20 • cartão azul UE 250 • adopção de conveniência 21 • casamento de conveniência 167 • adulto / maior de idade 320 • casamento forçado 14 • afastamento 251 • centro de acolhimento 204 • afluxo maciço 142 • centro de acolhimento 57 • Agência dos Direitos Fundamentais da UE 133 • Centro de Informação, Reflexão e Intercâmbio 95 • Agência Europeia da Guarda de Fronteiras e 17 em matéria de Passagem das Fronteiras e Costeira Imigração • agente de perseguição 18 • centro de instalação temporária 102 • agente de proteção 59 • chave de distribuição/repartição 388 • alteração de estatuto 26 • cidadão da União Europeia 274 • alternativa à detenção 390 • cidadão estrangeiro inexpulsável / repatriado 32 • Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para os 345 inexpulsável Refugiados • Cimeira Ásia-Europa 50 • aluno 234 • circulação de cérebros 148 • análise da linguagem para determinação da 147 • cláusulas de exclusão 343 origem • Código das Fronteiras Schengen 396 • análise de um pedido de proteção 365 • Código de Vistos 370 internacional • Comité Estratégico Imigração, Fronteiras e 67 • apátrida 228 Asilo • Aplicação de Gestão de Migração Irregular 246 • Comité Imigração e Asilo 305 • apresentação de pedido de proteção 240 • condições de acolhimento 252 internacional • condições materiais de acolhimento 178 • apresentação de pedido de proteção 20 • Conferência dos diretores-gerais dos serviços 128 internacional de imigração • aprovação 15 • Conferência ministerial euro-africana sobre 216 • aquisição de nacionalidade 33 migração e desenvolvimento • área de residência designada 36 • Consultas Intergovernamentais sobre 231 • direito de livre circulação 335 Migrações, Asilo e Refugiados • direito de residência 174 • contingente global de oportunidades de 40 • direitos fundamentais 195 emprego • direitos humanos 99 • Controlo Automático de Fronteiras 48 • discriminação direta 209 • controlo de fronteira 389 • discriminação indireta 287 • Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre os 104 • discriminação positiva 299

Direitos da Criança • discriminação racial 86 English • Convenção de Dublin 179 • diversidade cultural 199 • Convenção de Genebra e Protocolo 343 • documento de identidade 385 • Convenção de Schengen 135 • documento de viagem 140 • Convenção Europeia dos Direitos Humanos 61 • Documento de viagem europeu para o 172 • criança 351 regresso (dos nacionais de países terceiros em • criança separada 401 situação irregular) • crime de guerra 277 • documento de viagem ou de identidade 52 • crime organizado 83 fraudulento French • crimes contra a humanidade 88 • documentos a montante 155 • cultura 46 • documentos falsos e autênticos on-line 358 • dados biométricos 321 • dumping social 103 • decisão de afastamento 330 • dupla nacionalidade 211 • decisão de afastamento / notificação para 153 • economia informal 375 abandono • efeito suspensivo 113 • decisão de expulsão 384 • emigração 112 • decisão de transferência 163 • emigrante 114

• decisão final 271 • empregado 114 German • Declaração de Nova Iorque sobre os 91 • empregador 116 refugiados e os migrantes • emprego 189 • dependente / pessoa a cargo 101 • emprego altamente qualificado 200 • deslocação 100 • emprego ilegal 202 • deslocado 119 • emprego ilegal de nacional de estado terceiro 201 • deslocado ambiental 219 em situação irregular • deslocado interno 52 • emprego ilegal de nacional de estado terceiro 191 • desperdício de competências 93 em situação regular Italian • deteção de vítima de tráfico de seres humanos 32 • entidade de acolhimento 225 • detecção 94 • entrada irregular 235 • detenção 183 • entrada legal 19 • determinação colectiva do estatuto de 24 • entrada no território 285 refugiado (refugiados prima facie) • entrevista pessoal sobre pedido de proteção 257 • determinação da idade 92 internacional • detido 165 • equipa de apoio à gestão dos fluxos 301 • Diálogo 5+5 para o Mediterrâneo ocidental 126 migratórios

• diálogo estruturado sobre migrações EU-ALC 215 • Equipa de Intervenção Rápida nas Fronteiras 120 Portuguese • diálogo intercultural 98 • estabelecimento de identidade 192 • Diálogo sobre migração de trânsito no 99 • Estado Membro de acolhimento 384 Mediterrâneo • estagiário / formando 391 • diáspora 335 • estagiário / formando não remunerado 321 • direito a recurso 337 • estagiário remunerado 374 • direito à unidade familiar 336 • estatuto de proteção subsidiária 312 • direito à vida familiar 334 • estatuto de refugiado 25 • direito ao asilo 336 • estrangeiro 279 Spanish • direito de asilo 338 • estrangeiro com excesso de permanência 371 • estudante 127 • Iniciativa Regional sobre Migração, Asilo e 259 • Eurasil 129 Refugiados • Eurodac 144 • iniciativa sobre rotas migratórias 305 • Europol 145 • instalações de acolhimento 56 • Eurostat 149 • instrutor do procedimento de proteção 214 • exame ex-nunc 359 internacional • exclusão social 150 • integração 117 • êxodo 151 • interdição de entrada 331 • exploração 152 • intervenção de regresso 324 • expulsão 156 • investigador 229 • falsas declarações parentesco 233 • ius sanguinis 230 • falta de mão-de-obra 298 • ius soli 312 • fator de afastamento - fator de atração 297 • legislação de asilo e proteção internacional 195 • fator de afastamento / push factor 297 • legislação sobre direitos humanos 237 • fator de atração / pull factor 256 • LGB(TI) 121 • fluxo migratório 263 • limpeza étnica 160 • fluxo migratório misto 220 • localização das famílias 266 • Formato estabelecido pela Organização da 182 • mecanismo de informação mútua 111 Aviação Civil Internacional • mecanismo de recolocação de emergência 269 • Fórum Global sobre Migrações e 154 • mecanismo de referência nacional 116 Desenvolvimento • medida de execução 158 • fronteira externa 376 • membro da familia 261 • fronteira externa temporária 217 • menor 386 • fronteira interna 10 • menor não acompanhado 255 • fuga / evasão 51 • migração 206 • fuga de cérebros 143 • migração assistida 382 • Fundo Fiduciário de Emergência da UE para 37 • migração bruta 63 África • migração circular 354 • Fundo para o asilo, a migração e a integração 131 • migração de curta duração 242 / FAMI • migração de longa duração 110 • Gabinete Europeu de Apoio ao Asilo 356 • migração económica 58 • Gabinete SIRENE 293 • migração em cadeia 364 • garantias processuais 175 • migração espontânea 159 • género 180 • migração familiar 168 • genocídio 247 • migração forçada 227 • gestão de migrações 137 • migração irregula 233 • Gestão europeia integrada de Fronteiras 188 • migração laboral 236 • Grupo alto nível asilo e migração 185 • migração legal 376 • grupo alvo de perseguição 278 • migração temporária 253 • grupo de crime organizado 360 • migrante 190 • grupo social 132 • migrante altamente qualificado 353 • Guarda Europeia de Fronteiras e Costeira 212 • migrante de curta duração 241 • ICONet 197 • migrante de longa duração 349 • identificação de vítima de tráfico de seres 204 • migrante de segunda geração 109 humanos • migrante económico 167 • imigração 203 • migrante forçado 369 • imigrante 226 • migrante retido 262 • imigrante irregular 207 • minoria 354 • impostor 361 • mobilidade de curto prazo 243 • inclusão social 79 • mobilidade de longa duração 224 • informação do país de origem 260 • mobilidade intra-UE 170 • monitorização do retorno forçado 72 • pedido de proteção internacional infundado 208 • motivos de perseguição na aceção da 348 • pedido inadmíssivel de proteção internacional 372 Convenção de Genebra • pedido subsequente de proteção internacional 213 • movimento secundário de migrantes 265 • pena ou tratamento desumanos 239 • multiculturalismo 162 • pequeno tráfego fronteiriço 245 • mutiliação genital feminina 380 • perda de nacionalidade 258 • nacionais de países terceiros detetados em 379 • perfil migratório 339

situação ilegal • perigo de fuga 309 English • nacional de país terceiro 272 • período de reflexão 319 • nacional de país terceiro 64 • permanecer num Estado Membro 229 • nacionalidade 270 • permanência irregular 186 • naturalização 364 • perseguição 282 • nível dos elementos de prova 273 • perseguição 176 • non-refoulement 96 • perseguição com base no género 284 • normas e condições de detenção 261 • pessoa com antecedentes migratórios 283 • normas mínimas 275 • pessoa elegível para proteção subsidiária 198 French • núcleo familiar 367 • pessoa identificada como vítima de tráfico de 400 • número de processos pendentes (pedidos de 276 seres humanos proteção internacional) • pessoa vulnerável 223 • obrigação de cooperar 22 • pessoas transferidas temporariamente pela 74 • Observatório ACP das Migrações 352 empresa • ofensas graves 205 • Plataforma de Cooperação em matéria de 87 • oficial de ligação de imigração 54 Migração e de Desenvolvimento • ónus da prova 346 • pluralismo cultural 70

• operação de busca e salvamento 332 • Política Comum de Segurança e Defesa 139 German • Operação de regresso 221 • Politica Europeia de Vizinhança 49 • Organização Internacional para as Migrações 122 • ponto de passagem fronteiriço 268 • origem étnica 357 • Pontos de Contacto Nacionais de Integração 91 • Pacote Fronteiras Inteligentes 191 • população (de direito) 88 • país de acolhimento 76 • população (de facto) 171 • país de destino 77 • população estrangeira 393 • país de nacionalidade 76 • população residente 125 • país de nascimento 78 • Portal da Imigração da UE 388 Italian • país de origem 340 • preferência da União Europeia 362 • país de origem seguro 80 • prestações de proteção social 290 • país de retorno 80 • presumível vítima de tráfico de seres humanos 164 • país de trânsito 378 • primeiro país de asilo 292 • país terceiro 341 • princípio da igualdade de tratamento 68 • país terceiro seguro 361 • princípios básicos comuns 294 • parceiros sociais 23 • Procedimento de concessão e retirada do 104 • Parceria Africa-UE para as migrações, 65 estatuto de proteção internacional

mobilidade e emprego • procedimento de Dublin 355 Portuguese • parceria civil de conveniência (casamento, 281 • procedimento de pedido único 11 união de facto ou adoção) • processo acelerado de proteção internacional 42 • parceria de conveniência 130 • Processo de Bali 53 • Parceria Euro-Mediterrânica 108 • Processo de Budapeste 289 • Parceria Oriental 264 • Processo de Praga 277 • parcerias para a mobilidade 49 • profissão 368 • passagem de fronteira 30 • Programa de Estocolmo 327 • pedido de asilo 31 • programa de reinstalação 315 Spanish • pedido de proteção internacional 387 • programa regional de proteção 333 • programas de retorno 218 • requerente de proteção internacional 363 • proteção interna 222 • requerente de reagrupamento familiar 248, 249 • proteção internacional 373 • requerimento manifestamente infundado de 392 • proteção subsidiária 196 proteção internacional • proteção subsidiária 377 • residência habitual 244 • proteção temporária 295 • residente de longa duração 50 • protecção 280 • residente fronteiriço 55 • Protocolo de Palermo 298 • responsabilidade dos transportadores 404 • quota 207 • retirada do estatuto de proteção internacional 405 • quota de imigração 300 • retirada do estatuto de refugiado 403 • racismo 301 • retirada do pedido de proteção internacional 333 • Readmissão 157 • retornado 329 • reagrupamento familiar 161 • retorno 169 • reagrupamento familiar 402 • retorno forçado 399 • receio fundado de perseguição 318 • retorno voluntário 203 • recolocação 306 • risco real de sofrer ofensa grave 259 • reconhecimento de qualificações obtidas no 314 • rota migratória 187 estrangeiro • rotas perigosas 270 • recusa de entrada a nacional de estado 138 • saldo migratório 115 terceiro • sanção aplicada ao empregador 350 • Rede Europeia das Migrações 308 • segregação 363 • reentrada 310 • segurança social 352 • refugiado 247 • sexo 47 • refugiado (mandato) 73 • Sinergia do Mar Negro 41 • refugiado (na aceção da Convenção de 89 • Sistema Automático de Identificação de 21 Genebra de 1951 relativa aos refugiados) Impressões Digitais • refugiado de facto 66 • Sistema Avançado de Informação sobre 193 • refugiado de guerra 311 Passageiros • refugiado em órbita 311 • sistema de centros de registo 118 • refugiado em trânsito 365 • Sistema de Entrada/Saída 344 • refugiado estatutário 291 • Sistema de Informação de Schengen 398 • refugiado prima facie 325 • Sistema de Informação de Vistos 69 • refugiado reinstalado 313 • Sistema Europeu Comum de Asilo 141 • refugiado sur place 296 • Sistema Europeu de Informação e Autorização 134 • Registo Público on-line de Documentos 35 de Viagem Autênticos de Identidade e de Viagem • Sistema Europeu de Vigilância das Fronteiras 192 • regresso voluntário 105 • sociedade de acolhimento 107 • Regulamento de Dublin 315 • soluções duradouras 366 • regularização 326 • stock de população estrangeira / stock de 254 • reinstalação 316 estrangeiros • reintegração 319 • stock migratório 286 • remessas 322 • stock populacional 184 • repatriamento 323 • Subgrupo de peritos em migração Roma/Lyon 45 • representante legal 317 do G8 • requerente a quem é recusada a proteção 28 • superior interesse da criança 85 internacional • taxa bruta do saldo migratório 307 • requerente com necessidade de garantias 29 • taxa de reconhecimento (no procedimento de 124 processuais especiais concessão e retirada do estatuto de proteção • requerente com necessidades de acolhimento 38 internacional) especiais • titular do cartão azul UE 327 • requerente de asilo 27 • título de residência 381 • tortura 186 • trabalhador convidado 287 • trabalhador destacado 173 • trabalhador fronteiriço 255 • trabalhador migrante 71 • trabalhador migrante por conta de outrem 347 • trabalhador migrante sazonal 351

• trabalhador por conta própria 84 English • trabalhador transfronteiriço 166 • trabalho forçado 62 • trabalho infantil 383 • tráfico de seres humanos 106 • transferência ao abrigo do Regulamento de 385 Dublin • trânsito 54 • transportador 238 French • Tratado de Lisboa 90 • tratamento ou pena degradantes 81 • Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia 136 • Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos Humanos 177 • violência específica de género 210 • violência indiscriminada 395 • visto 353 • visto de curta duração 241

• visto de longa duração 25 German • visto de trânsito aeroportuário 394 • vitimização 194 • Zona dos pontos de crise 48 • zona fronteiriça 407 Italian Portuguese Spanish Spanish index

• acceso a la asistencia sanitaria 12 • Ayuda a la reintegración 316 • acceso al procedimiento de protección 13 • beneficiario de protección internacional 43 internacional • Beneficiario de protección subsidiaria 44 • acervo comunitario 123 • cadena migratoria 58 • acoso 186 • Cambio de status 59 • act de persecución 16 • captación de cerebros 51 • actividad profesional 277 • carga de la prueba 54 • Acuerdo de Cotonou 75 • Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la 60 • acuerdo de facilitación de visados 397 Unión Europea • acuerdo de readmisión 302 • Catálogo de ocupaciones de difícil cobertura 231 • acuerdo de reconocimiento mutuo 267 • centro de acogida 14 • Acuerdo de Schengen 342 • centro de acogida 204 • aculturación 14 • Centro de información, reflexión e intercambio 57 • adaptación 18 en materia de cruce de fronteras e • Adecuación de la oferta y la demanda en el 232 inmigración Mercado Laboral • centro de internamiento 95 • adopción 19 • centros de acogida 305 • adopción 20 • circulación de cerebros 50 • adopción de conveniencia 20 • ciudadano de la Unión 388 • adquisición de nacionalidad 270 • cláusula de exclusión 148 • adquisición y atribución de nacionalidad 15 • Clave de distribución 102 • adulto 21 • Código de fronteras Schengen 343 • afluencia masiva 251 • Código de visados 396 • Agencia de Derechos Fundamentales de la 142 • Comité de Inmigración y Asilo 67 Unión Europea • Comité Estratégico de Inmigración, Fronteras 370 • agente de persecución 17 y Asilo • agente de protección 18 • compra de asilo 39 • alternativas al internamiento 26 • condiciones de acogida 305 • Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para 390 • condiciones materiales de acogida 252 los Refugiados • Condiciones y garantías de internamiento 96 • análisis lingüístico para la determinación del 234 • Conferencia Asia-Europa 32 origen • Conferencia de Directores Generales de los 178 • apátrida 365 Servicios de Inmigración • aplazamiento de la expulsión 288 • Consultas Intergubernamentales sobre Asilo, 216 • Aplicación para la gestión de la migración 228 Refugio y Migración irregular • Control automatizado de fronteras 40 • aprehensión 32 • control fronterizo 48 • asilo 36 • Control y seguimiento retorno forzoso 170 • asimilación 34 • Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre los 389 • asistencia al retorno 323 Derechos del niño • Asociación África-UE sobre migración, 23 • Convenio de Dublín 104 movilidad y empleo • Convenio de Ginebra de 1951 y Protocolo de 179 • asociación de movilidad 264 1967 • Asociación Euromediterránea 130 • Convenio de Schengen 343 • Asociación Oriental 108 • Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos 135 • au pair 39 • crimen contra la humanidad 83 • autoridad decisoria de asilo 97 • crímenes de guerra 401 • Autorización de trabajo 406 • cruce de frontera 49 • cultura 88 • Documentos falsos y auténticos en línea 155 • cuota 298 • Documentos primarios (documento de 52 • cuota de inmigración 207 filiación) • daños graves 352 • dumping social 358 • datos biométricos 46 • economía informal 211 • decisión de expulsión 153 • efecto suspensivo 375 • Decisión de traslado según el procedimiento 106 • emigración 113 de Dublín • emigrante 112 English • Declaración de Nueva York para los 271 • empleado 114 Refugiados y los Migrantes • empleador 114 • declaración falsa de paternidad / maternidad 156 • empleo 116 • delincuencia organizada 277 • empleo altamente cualificado 189 • denegación de entrada 314 • empleo ilegal 200 • dependiente 91 • empleo ilegal de nacional de tercer país en 201 • derecho a la libre circulación 338 situación de residencia legal

• derecho a la unidad de la familia 337 • empleo ilegal de nacional de tercer país en 202 French • derecho a la vida en familia 336 situación irregular • Derecho a recurrir 335 • Enfoque Global de la Migración 181 • derecho de asilo 334 • Enfoque Hotspot 193 • derecho de asilo 336 • entrada irregular 225 • derecho de residencia 335 • entrada legal 235 • Derechos fundamentales 174 • entrada legal al territorio 19 • derechos humanos 195 • entrevista personal para protección 285 • Desplazamiento 101 internacional • detección de víctimas de trata de seres 93 • equipo de apoyo a la gestión de la migración 257 German humanos • equipos de intervención rápida en frontera 301 • detenido 92 • Escacez de la mano de obra 233 • determinación colectiva de la condición de 183 • escolar 345 refugiado • Estado Miembro de acogida 192 • determinación de la edad 24 • estancia irregular 229 • Determinación de la identidad 120 • estatuto de protección subsidiaria 374 • Diálogo 5+5 sobre migración en el 165 • estatuto de refugiado 312

Mediterráneo Occidental • estudiante 371 Italian • Diálogo estructurado UE-ALC sobre migración 126 • Eurasil 127 • dialogo euroafricano sobre migración y 128 • Eurodac 129 desarrollo • Europol 144 • diálogo intercultural 215 • Eurostat 145 • Diálogo sobre la Migración de Tránsito en el 98 • evaluación de la credibilidad 82 Mediterráneo • examen de una solicitud de protección 147 • diáspora 99 internacional • discriminación directa 99 • Examen ex nunc 149 • discriminación indirecta 209 • exclusión social 359 Portuguese • discriminación positiva 287 • éxodo 150 • discriminación racial 299 • explotación 151 • diversidad cultural 86 • expresar el deseo de solicitud de protección 246 • doble nacionalidad 103 internacional • Documento de identidad 199 • expulsión 320 • documento de identidad o de viaje fraudulento 172 • expulsión 152 • documento de residencia 327 • extranjero 25

• documento de viaje 385 • extranjero en situación irregular sobrevenida 279 Spanish • Documento de viaje europeo para el retorno 140 • extranjero retornado 333 • factor de atracción 297 • Intervención de retorno 331 • factor de expulsión 297 • investigador 324 • factores de expulsión / atracción 298 • ius sanguinis 229 • familia nuclear 275 • ius soli 230 • flujo migratorio 256 • legislación de asilo 312 • flujo migratorio mixto 263 • legislación de derechos humanos 195 • Fondo de Asilo, Migración e Integración (FAMI) 37 • LGTB (Lesbianas, gais, transexuales y 237 • Fondo fiduciario de emergencia de la Unión 143 bisexuales) Europea para África • limpieza étnica 121 • formación de la familia 157 • localización familiar 160 • formalizar una solicitud de protección 240 • matrimonio de complacencia 250 internacional • matrimonio forzado 167 • formato de la organización de aviación civil 220 • Mecanismo de Información Mutua 266 internacional • Mecanismo nacional de derivación 269 • Foro Mundial sobre Migración y Desarrollo 182 • medida de ejecución 116 • frontera exterior (UE) 154 • menor 261 • frontera interior (UE) 217 • menor no acompañado (MENA) 386 • frontera temporal exterior 376 • menor separado 351 • fuga 10 • Miembro de la familia 158 • fuga de cerebros 51 • migración 255 • garantías procedimentales 293 • migración circular 63 • género 175 • migración de corta duración 354 • genocidio 180 • migración de larga duración 242 • Gestión Europea integrada de las fronteras 137 • migración económica 110 • gestión integral de la migración 247 • migración espontánea 364 • grupo de trabajo de alto nivel sobre migración 188 • migración forzosa 168 y asilo • migración laboral 233 • grupo delictivo organizado 278 • migración por motivos familiares 159 • Grupo social 360 • migración temporal 376 • Guardia Europea de Fronteras y Costas 133 • migración total 382 • Guardia Europea de Fronteras y Costas 132 • migrante desamparado 369 • ICONet 212 • migrante forzoso 167 • identificación de víctima de trata de seres 197 • minoría 262 humanos • motivos de persecución Convenio de Ginebra 72 • impostor 207 de 1951 y Protocolo de 1967 • inclusión social 361 • movilidad de corta duración 354 • información anticipada del pasajero 21 • movilidad de larga duración 243 • información del país de origen 79 • movilidad intracomunitaria 224 • iniciativa de rutas migratorias 259 • movimientos irregulares peligrosos 187 • iniciativa regional para la migración, el asilo y 260 • movimientos migratoris secundarios 348 los refugiados • multiculturalismo 265 • inmigración 204 • Mutilación genital femenina 162 • inmigración irregular 227 • nacional de tercer país 379 • inmigración legal 236 • nacional de tercer país 272 • inmigrante 203 • nacional de tercer país detectado en situación 380 • inmigrante de segunda generación 349 irregular • inmigrante en situación irregular 226 • nacionalidad 64 • integración 214 • nivel de prueba 364 • Interés superior del menor 45 • no translation 185 • interlocutores sociales 361 • No translation 71 • internamiento 94 • non-refoulement 273 • normas mínimas 261 • Plataforma de Cooperación sobre Migración y 74 • Obligación de cooperar 276 Desarrollo • Observatorio sobre Migraciones Africa Caribe 22 • pluralismo cultural 87 Pacífico • población (de derecho) 91 • oficiales de enlace de inmigración 205 • población (de hecho) 88 • Oficina Europea de Apoyo al Asilo 131 • población desplazada 100 • Operación de búsqueda y captura 346 • población desplazada internamente 219 • Operación de retorno 332 • población desplazada por motivos 119 English • operador de transporte 54 medioambientales • orden de expulsión 321 • población extranjera 171 • orden de traslado 384 • población infantil 61 • organismo de acogida 191 • población inmigrante 254 • Organización Internacional para las 221 • población residente 393 Migraciones • Política común de seguridad y defensa 70 • origen étnico 122 • Política Europea de Vecindad 139

• país de acogida 191 • Portal de la Inmigración de la UE 125 French • país de destino 76 • Preferencia de la Unión Europea 388 • país de nacimiento 76 • prestaciones de asistencia social 362 • país de nacionalidad 77 • presunta victima de trata de seres humanos 290 • país de origen 78 • primer país de asilo 164 • país de origen seguro 340 • principio de igualdad de trato 292 • país de retorno 80 • principios básicos comunes 68 • país de tránsito 80 • Procedimiento de Dublin 104 • paquete de fronteras inteligentes 357 • procedimiento para la protección internacional 294 • pareja de hecho de conveniencia 281 • procedimiento único de solicitud 355 German • paso fronterizo 49 • Proceso de Bali 42 • Pena o trato degradante 90 • Proceso de Budapest 53 • pena o trato inhumano 213 • Proceso de Praga 289 • pérdida de nacionalidad 245 • Programa de Estocolmo 368 • perfil migratorio 258 • programa de inmigración 206 • período de reflexión 309 • programa de reasentamiento 327 • permanecer en el territorio del Estado 319 • programa de retorno voluntario 333

Miembro • programa regional de protección 315 Italian • permiso de residencia 328 • prohibición de entrada 117 • permiso único 355 • protección 295 • persecución 282 • protección (internacional) 222 • Persecución por razón de género 176 • protección humanitaria 196 • persona con derecho a protección subsidiaria 283 • protección interna 218 • persona con orden de expulsión que no puede 274 • protección subsidiaria 373 ser materializada • protección temporal 377 • persona de origen migratorio 284 • Protocolo de Palermo 280 • persona en prácticas 384 • Prueba de evaluación 146 Portuguese • persona en prácticas no remuneradas 391 • punto crítico 194 • persona en prácticas remuneradas 321 • puntos de contacto nacional de integración 268 • persona migrante 253 • racismo 300 • persona migrante altamente cualificada 190 • readmisión 301 • persona migrante de carácter permanente 241 • reagrupación familiar 161 • persona migrante de carácter temporal 353 • reagrupante 363 • persona migrante por motivos económicos 109 • reasentamiento 326

• persona vulnerable 400 • reconocimiento de cualificaciones obtenidas 306 Spanish en el extranjero • Red Europea de Migraciones 138 • Sistema de Entradas y Salidas 118 • re-entrada 308 • Sistema de Información de Schengen 344 • refugiado 310 • Sistema de Información de Visados 398 • refugiado (bajo mandato) 247 • Sistema de respuesta de emergencia 111 • refugiado (en términos de la Convención de 73 • Sistema Europeo Común de Asilo 69 Ginebra) • Sistema Europeo de Información y 141 • refugiado (prima facie) 291 Autorización de Viajes • refugiado bajo instrumentos anteriores a la 365 • Sistema europeo de vigilancia de fronteras 134 Convención de 1951 • sociedad de acogida 192 • refugiado de facto 89 • solicitante al que se le ha denegado la 317 • refugiado en tránsito 311 protección internacional • refugiado por conflictos bélicos 66 • solicitante con necesidades de acogida 29 • refugiado reasentado 325 particulares • refugiado sobrevenido 313 • solicitante de asilo 38 • refugiados en órbita 311 • solicitante de protección internacional 27 • Registro público en línea de documentos 296 • solicitante que necesita garantías 28 auténticos de identidad y de viaje procedimentales especiales • Reglamento de Dublín 105 • solicitud de asilo 30 • regularización 315 • solicitud de protección internacional 31 • reintegración 316 • solicitud de protección internacional 208 • remesas 319 inadmisible • repatriación 322 • solicitud de protección internacional 248, 249 • representante legal 323 manifiestamente infundada • residencia habitual 392 • solicitud infundada de protección internacional 387 • residente de larga duración 244 • solicitud posterior de protección internacional 372 • residente fronterizo 50 • soluciones duraderas 107 • resolución de expulsión 330 • stock de población 286 • resolución definitiva 163 • stock de población extranjera 366 • responsabilidad de los transportistas 55 • stock de solicitudes pendientes de resolver (en 367 • retirada de la protección internacional 404 procedimientos de protección internacional) • retirada de una solicitud de protección 403 • subempleo 52 internacional • subgrupo de expertos en migración Roma / 184 • retirada del estatuto de refugiado 405 Lyon del G8 • retorno 329 • tarjeta azul UE 124 • retorno forzoso 169 • tasa de reconocimiento (en procedimientos de 307 • retorno voluntario 399 protección internacional) • retorno voluntario asistido 35 • tasa neta de migración 85 • reubicación 318 • temor justificado de persecución 402 • riesgo de fuga 339 • tercer país 378 • riesgo real de sufrir daños graves 203 • tercer país seguro 341 • ruta migratoria 259 • titular de la tarjeta azul UE 124 • saldo migratorio 270 • tortura 381 • salida voluntaria 398 • trabajador de temporada extranjero 347 • sanción al empleador 115 • trabajador desplazado 287 • segregación 350 • trabajador invitado 186 • seguridad social 363 • trabajador migrante 255 • Servicio Nacional Sirene 356 • trabajador por cuanta propia 351 • sexo 352 • trabajador social en procedimientos de 56 • Sinergia del mar Negro 47 protección internacional • Sistema automatizado de identificación de 41 • trabajador transfronterizo 173 huellas digitales • trabajador transfronterizo 84 • trabajador transnacional 223 • trabajo forzoso 166 • trabajo infantil 62 • tráfico de inmigrantes 358 • tráfico fronterizo local 239 • tramitación de urgencia 11 • tránsito 385 • trata de seres humanos 383 English • Tratado de Lisboa 238 • Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea 81 • Tribunal Europeo de Derechos humanos 136 • unión civil de conveniencia 65 • victima reconocida de trata de seres humanos 198 • victimización 394 • Violencia de género 177

• violencia indiscriminada 210 French • visado 395 • visado de tránsito aeroportuario 25 • visado para estancia de corta duración 353 • visado para estancia de larga duración 241 • zona asignada 33 • zona fronteriza 48 • xenofobia 407 German Italian Portuguese Spanish