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Asylum and Migration Glossary 6.0 a Tool for Better Comparability Produced by the European Migration Network May 2018 Asylum and Migration Glossary 6.0 a tool for better comparability produced by the European Migration Network May 2018 Home Affairs EUROPEAN COMMISSION Asylum and Migration Glossary 6.0 a tool for better comparability produced by the European Migration Network May 2018 2018 European Migration Network Disclaimer This EMN Glossary has been developed by the European Migration Network (EMN). The European Commission and the EMN National Contact Points, which collectively constitute the EMN, accept no responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to the use made of the information contained in this Glossary or of the content of the websites from which some terms are extracted. Reproduction is authorised, except for commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged and the following text accompanies any reproduction: 'This EMN Glossary has been developed by the European Migration Network (EMN). The European Commission and the National Contact Points, which collectively constitute the EMN, accept no responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to the use made of the information contained in this Glossary or of the content of the websites from which some terms are extracted.' The European Migration Network serves to meet the information needs of European Union institutions and of Member States’ authorities and institutions by providing up-to-date, objective, reliable and comparable information on asylum and migration, with a view to supporting policy-making in the European Union in these areas. The EMN also serves to provide the general public with such information. Further information on the EMN, including its other outputs, as well as this Glossary, may be obtained from www.ec.europa.eu/emn Table of contents Foreword � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �4 A tool for better comparability � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �5 1. Introduction . .5 2. The European Migration Network . .6 3. Method and approach followed for developing the EMN Glossary ���������������������������������6 4. Format of the EMN Glossary . .8 Glossary Terms � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �10 Bibliography of sources � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 408 Indexes in: English ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������420 French . 425 German . 432 Italian . 438 Portuguese . 444 Spanish . 450 3 Foreword A forward-looking European asylum and migration policy based on solidarity remains a key objective for the European Union (EU). In response to the most severe migratory challenge since the Second World War, the European Commission set out a European Agenda on Migration, a comprehensive framework1 for the EU’s work on asylum and migration in May 2015. Since then, the EU and its Member States have taken action on several fronts by combining legislative changes with operational measures and flexible funding instruments at EU level, transitioning from crisis management towards a stable future-proof asylum framework. At the same time, activities in the field of legal migration and integration of third-country nationals has continued. All these actions have gone hand in hand with a new approach to managing migration based on a combination of internal and external policy tools. In order to improve migration management at the external level, the EU has also reinforced cooperation with third countries. The EU supports, for example, the assisted voluntary return of refugees from Libya to a wide range of African countries of origin, in partnership with the Libyan authorities, the African Union and the International Organisation for Migration. A key priority for the coming years is to enhance efforts at both the internal and external dimension of asylum and migration. The European Migration Network (EMN), coordinated by the European Commission, and active in all Member States and Norway, supports the EU in better responding to the challenges in the key areas of asylum and migration. It provides policymakers and the wider public with up-to-date, objective, reliable and comparable information on all aspects of migration and asylum and helps to facilitate coherent discussions with all actors in this field. The Glossary on Asylum and Migration has remained one of the key products of the EMN since its creation in 2008. The Glossary supports policy discussions across the EU and at national level by providing a common vocabulary of up-to-date terms and concepts in all Member State languages, thus allowing for a better understanding and comparability of migration and asylum phenomena. This latest edition of the EMN Glossary (Version 6.0, May 2018) includes terminology reflecting all developments since the adoption of the European Agenda on Migration of May 2015. While remaining focused on legal developments in the framework of the EU acquis on asylum and migration, the Glossary also increasingly considers developments in the external dimension, while at the same time acknowledging the needs of practitioners working in the field. I am convinced that the EMN Glossary is a valuable source of information on all aspects of asylum and migration. It goes beyond the typical scope of a glossary, as it contains useful notes further explaining new European concepts. It is increasingly used not only in the EU context, but also by policymakers and practitioners outside the EU. This is a significant achievement, and the 10th anniversary of the EMN which will be celebrated in May 2018 – provides an excellent opportunity for me to express my gratitude to all members of the Glossary and Thesaurus Working Group for their outstanding commitment to this activity contributing to the success of the European Migration Network overall. Magnus Ovilius EMN Chair ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 6.0 GLOSSARY ASYLUM AND MIGRATION 1 COM(2015) 240 final May 2015 4 A tool for better comparability 1� Introduction The purpose of the European Migration Network (EMN) Glossary Each glossary entry is comprised of a preferred term,6 a defi- of terms relating to Asylum and Migration is inter alia to improve nition of the concept that this term represents, the source/ comparability between EU Member States2 through the use and sources of the definition, plus notes and relationships to other common understanding of the terms and definitions contained terms and concepts included in the Glossary. In this sixth version, herein. The Glossary is intended to serve as a useful European many definitions and some preferred terms have thus been reference document for EMN National Contact Points (NCPs) and amended. Many notes have been updated – and in many cases their national network members, policy-makers and other prac- elaborated – to provide up-to-date information, to clarify the titioners in the EU Member States, as well as EU institutions, in scope of the concept (and its understanding in different order to facilitate the exchange of information. It provides contexts) and to indicate web sources from which further infor- common terminology for the concepts included and thereby faci- mation can be sought. Each glossary entry now illustrates many litates a precise discourse on asylum and migration matters, more relationships between terms – equivalence relations including in the media. between synonyms, hierarchical relations with terms repre- senting broader or narrower terms and associative relations The EMN Asylum and Migration Glossary 6.0 is a completely between related terms, thereby allowing users to easily navigate revised and updated version of the EMN Glossary that was first between related entries. All the preferred terms, as well as published in January 2010 and which since then has been synonyms, acronyms and alternative ordering for the preferred updated and expanded several times.3 This sixth version contains term, can be found in an index at the end of the Glossary. A a total of 468 terms, with 29 new entries since the previous bibliography of sources is provided as an annex. The bibliography online version 5.0.4 In addition, amendments to existing entries lists terms referenced in the source field as well as the notes have been made to reflect new concepts and terminology, as and definitions. well as evolutions in the usage of existing terms that have been introduced through new legislation and policy on asylum and The Glossary was developed by the members of the EMN migration in the EU. The new and updated terms reflect all deve- Glossary and Thesaurus Working Group (GTWG). The EMN would lopments since the adoption of the European Agenda on therefore like to acknowledge the extensive efforts of the Migration of May 2015.5 While remaining its main focus on legal working group members and its appreciation for the permission developments in the framework of the EU acquis on asylum and given by other entities, specifically the International Labour migration, the Glossary also increasingly considers develop- Organisation (ILO), the International Organisation for Migration ments in the external dimension, at the same time (IOM), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Deve- acknowledging the needs of practitioners working in the field. As lopment (OECD) and the United Nations (UN) to the use of terms in the past, it also considers the terminology
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