DOCSLIB.ORG

Comparative Growth of Malay, Chinese and Indian School Children in Malaysia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Comparative Growth of Malay, Chinese and Indian School Children in Malaysia COMPARATIVE GROWTH OF MALAY, CHINESE AND INDIAN SCHOOL CHILDREN IN MALAYSIA S.T. CHEN Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. INTRODUCTION Chinese medium, one Tamil' medium and one English medium school) in and around Kua­ The growth of children is influenced by a la Lumpur were surveyed. Altogether 3,312 number of factors. For example, in Hong­ children, aged 6 to 11 years, were examined. kong (Chang et al., 1963), Malaysia (McKay et aI., 1971) India, (Banik et aI., 1970), Jamai­ The dates of birth of the children were ca (Ashcroft and Lovell, 1964), South Africa obtained from birth certificates and the age of (Abramson, 1959), U.S.A. (Abraham et al., each child was calculated therefrom. The 1975) and England (Acheson et al., 1954), household incomes and occupations of the children of richer parentage have been shown parents and the number of living siblings were to be bigger than those of the poor. Genetic obtained by interviewing parents or obtained factors may also be important and children of from returns of questionaires and the school different ethnic groups often do not possess registers. Weight, height, left triceps skinfold the same growth potential. thickness, left arm circumference and head circumference were all measured. However, In Peninsular Malaysia, the three main only the results of weights and heights will be ethnic groups are Malays (53 %), Chinese presented in this paper. (36%) and Indians (11%) (Malaysia, 1974a). In general, the methods of measurements The Chinese are mainly of southern Chinese used were those suggested by Jelliffe (1966). origin while the Indians are of southern India Children were weighed on an A very beam origin. Millis (1958) found that the growth balance accurate to an ounce. They were achievement of the Malay, Chinese and In­ lightly clad with standard thin cotton school dian preschool children from low income uniform. Measurements were read to the families in Singapore, were. rather similar last complete ounce. The height was meas­ during the preschool age period, although the ured by means of the Microtoise which is Indians were taller and lighter at 5 years of manufactured in France. The child without age. However, very little is known regarding shoes was positioned in the standard manner the comparative growth achievement of the (Jelliffe, 1966) below the Microtoise. The three ethnic groups in Malaysia. head piece was then brought to rest on top of The objective of this study was to compare the head and the reading taken direct at the the growth achievement ofthe Malay, Chinese visor hairline and to the last complete 0.1 cm. and Indian school children in an urban area in Malaysia. Means and standard deviations of weights and heights at the various age groups for boys and girls of the 3 ethnic groups were obtained MATERIALS AND METHODS with the aid of a computer. From February to April, 1972, five pri­ These means are plotted at the mid point of mary schools (two Malay medium, one the yearly age intervals as shown in Figs 1, 2, 3 Vol. 7 No. 3 September 1976 443 SOUTHEAST ASIAN J. TROP. MED. PUB. HLTH. and 4. In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are shown the mean come levels are presented: monthly income weight and height curves of Hong Kong M$300 and above and less than M$300 (the Chinese (Chang, 1965) for comparison. Pre­ average monthly household income in Ma­ sented with Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are mean weight laysia being M$275) (Malaysia, 1974b). and height curves of Boston children (Nelson, 1966) for comparison. Growth curves were The mean monthly household incomes of drawn with minimal smoothing. the lower income children (less than M$300 per month) are as follows: Chinese M$211, RESULTS Malays M$163 and Indians M$130. This difference is statistically significant (p < 0.01). The frequency distribution of children The mean household income of the lower according to ethnic group, sex and income is income Indian is below the poverty level shown in Table 1. which is $140 per month (Malaysia, 1974b). The parents of the children with household Socio-economic background of the study incomes of less than M$300 were mainly un­ children skilled and semiskilled workers while those with M$300 or more were skilled workers, Income : Of the three ethnic groups, clerks, professionals and businessmen. the Indians were the poorest, the Malays were better off, while the Chinese had the Siblings: Table 2 shows the mean number highest income. The majority of the Indian of living siblings (excluding the studied child) children (75%) came from families with a by ethnic group and income level. It can be total monthly household income of less than seen that the family size of the Indians was the M$200/-per month (US$l = M$2.5). For largest, followed by the Malays while the purposes of comparison two groups of in­ Chinese was the smallest. This difference is 70 BOYS GIRLS r 70 65 65 60 60 Vl vi CD CD ...J 55 55 ...J Z ~ I­ 50 50 l­ I (!) ~ UJ 45 45 UJ ~ ~ 40 ~ -­ CHINESE --- MALAY ;/ ••••••• INDIAN 35 -- HONG KONG CHINESE 30 l:: 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 AGE IN YEARS Fig. I-Mean weights of Malaysian children of various ethnic groups and of Hongkong Chinese. 444 Vol. 7 No.3 September 1976 WEIGHTS AND HEIGHTS OF MALAYSIAN SCHOOL CHILDREN 140 BOYS GIRLS 140 130 130 :i 3 u ~ ~ l- I­ :I: :I: c.!) c.!) UJ UJ :I: 120 120 :I: -Chinese --- Malay ••••••• Indian -- Hong Kong Chinese 7 110 1 ~ 110 I I 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 AGE IN YEARS Fig. 2-Mean heights of Malaysian children of various ethnic groups and of Hongkong Chinese. 85 l BOYS GIRLS r 85 I , I 80 l /. I I- 80 75 l /' i f- 75 /' /. I 70 l I f- 70 /' .. ... / . .'. vi ~ 65 .. 65 co ... ....J ....J / .' / 0. /' .. / 0 60 Z Z 60 . / / .'. / l- / . / / I- :I: . ....... / :I: ~ 55 / / / 55 52 0 / UJ l.L.l .. / / ;!: / / . ;!: .... / 50 50 ... / / . / ... / .0 / //~/ .' 45 l / .... f- 45 / / ..... / .' _._ Boston ~/ 40 -l / .... _ Chinese upper income f- 40 /,/ __ Chinese lower income ___ Malay upper income ___ Malay lower Income f- 35 35 -l ••••••• Indian upper income ......... Indian lower income 30 +---r 30 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 AGE IN YEARS Fig. 3-Mean weights of Malaysian children of various ethnic groups and income levels and of Boston children. Vol. 7 No.3 September 1976 445 SOUTHEAST ASIAN J. TROP. MED. PUB. HLTH. 150 l BOYS GIRLS 150 . / / / / I 140 1./ I 140 / ./ .... I. ~ /.. I .... / ....1 ::i U • •• I. ..' / •• 1·/ U / / •• •• " -"j z . ~ / ~ z 130 -. / ••• /, .. '/ 130 ­ l- j: / . .... ~ ..;1 I ~ ~ I~ ~ ~ lLJ r··lLJ /.... /. .. ••• .../// r .. ... .../ . /. "/ ' / ) / , . , ~ 120 ~ .• / ..... I " 120 -.- Boston • l - Ch~nese upper .income /..(.­ -- Chinese lower Income /..... --- Malay upper Income / .... --- Malay lower Income / .... •••• ••• Ind Ian upper Income / .... Indian lower income / .... 11 0 I 110 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 AGE IN YEARS Fig. 4-M")an heights of Malaysian children of various ethnic groups and income levels and of Boston children. Table 1 Frequency distribution of school children according to ethnic group, sex and income. Monthly household Malay Chinese Indian Total Grand ------ income (M$) Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Total Less than 300 415 550 308 306 312 372 1,035 1,228 2,263 300 and above 78 77 429 370 42 53 549 500 1,049 Total 493 627 737 676 354 425 1,584 1,728 3,312 Table 2 Mean number of living siblings of school children by ethnic group and income. Monthly household Mean no. of living siblings income (M$) Malay Chinese Indian 300 and above 4.1 3.7 3.3 Less than 300 4.8 4.1 5.3 All income groups 4.7 3.9 5.1 446 Vol. 7 No. 3 September 1976 -- { WEIGHTS AND HEIGHTS OF MALAYSIAN SCHOOL CHILDREN statistically significant (p < 0.05). The resuIts from higher income families were as heavy also show that the family size of the poorer and as tall as the higher income Chinese children was bigger than that of the higher in­ children shows that the growth potential of come children (p < 0.05). the Indian is similar to that of the Chinese. The growth retardation of the Malays and the Weights and heights Indians was most probably due to poverty. The means and standard deviations for The poor families had poor nutrition, bad weights and heights at yearly age intervals for living conditions, poor hygiene and health care boys and girls of the three ethnic groups are and suffered from poor health. Chen and listed in Table 3. Dugdale (1972), in a survey of school children in three of the schools included in this study, For both boys and girls, the Malaysian found that the Indian children suffered from Chinese were heavier and taller than the more ill health than the Malays while the Malays, Indians and the Hongkong Chinese. Chinese were the healthiest of the three. Not • The mean weights and heights of the Malays, only were the Indians poorest among the Indians and the Hongkong Chinese were three ethnic groups, but they also had the rather similar except that the Malays were largest family size which further compounds slightly heavier (Figs. 1 and 2). the problem of poverty. Guzman (1973) has Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show that the higher shown that malnutrition and excessive family income children were heavier then the lower size are associated.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Language Use and Attitudes As Indicators of Subjective Vitality: the Iban of Sarawak, Malaysia
    Vol. 15 (2021), pp. 190–218 http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc http://hdl.handle.net/10125/24973 Revised Version Received: 1 Dec 2020 Language use and attitudes as indicators of subjective vitality: The Iban of Sarawak, Malaysia Su-Hie Ting Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Andyson Tinggang Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Lilly Metom Universiti Teknologi of MARA The study examined the subjective ethnolinguistic vitality of an Iban community in Sarawak, Malaysia based on their language use and attitudes. A survey of 200 respondents in the Song district was conducted. To determine the objective eth- nolinguistic vitality, a structural analysis was performed on their sociolinguistic backgrounds. The results show the Iban language dominates in family, friend- ship, transactions, religious, employment, and education domains. The language use patterns show functional differentiation into the Iban language as the “low language” and Malay as the “high language”. The respondents have positive at- titudes towards the Iban language. The dimensions of language attitudes that are strongly positive are use of the Iban language, Iban identity, and intergenera- tional transmission of the Iban language. The marginally positive dimensions are instrumental use of the Iban language, social status of Iban speakers, and prestige value of the Iban language. Inferential statistical tests show that language atti- tudes are influenced by education level. However, language attitudes and useof the Iban language are not significantly correlated. By viewing language use and attitudes from the perspective of ethnolinguistic vitality, this study has revealed that a numerically dominant group assumed to be safe from language shift has only medium vitality, based on both objective and subjective evaluation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Study of Xi Jinping Malaysia Overseas Chinese Affairs Policy
    The Study of Xi JinPing Malaysia Overseas Chinese Affairs Policy Toh, Jin-Xuan Xi Jinping, the President of the People’s Republic of China adopted the ideology of “Chinese Dream” as the highest guiding principle in his reign. He also developed the “One Belt One Road” economic strategy as one of his global initiatives. Xi’s aggressive style of ruling means that he has abandoned Deng Xiaoping’s strategy in keeping China in a low profile. His government is getting more active and vocal in the fields of foreign and Overseas Chinese affairs. In this paper, systematic theories are applied to study Xi’s Overseas Chinese policies. With a background research of the history of Overseas Chinese affairs, this paper includes studies on Xi’s “Chinese Dream”, on the assignments of personnel in the Overseas Chinese Affairs Office, and on Xi’s strategies of foreign trade and diplomacy. This paper also explores China’s soft power and its influences upon Malaysian political parties and the Chinese community throughout the implementation of Overseas Chinese policies. This study shows that Xi’s Overseas Chinese policies towards Malaysia are full of challenges. First, China’s active participation in the Overseas Chinese affairs imposes high risks on the fragile relationships among ethnic groups in Malaysia. It might also affect the diplomatic relations between Malaysia and China. Second, China might have to face pressure from the Malaysian government and the Malays when they are working on Overseas Chinese policies towards Malaysia. Third, the Malaysian Chinese community generally upholds “One China policy”, and the business and political leaders of the community have stood up to support the ideology of “Chinese Dream”.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnic Chinese Remigration from Southeast Asian Countries Since 1960S: a Case Study of Malaysian Chinese Outflows
    Contemporary Chinese Political Economy and Strategic Relations: An International Journal Vol. 1, No. 2, August 2015, pp. 303-329 __________________________________________________________ Ethnic Chinese Remigration from Southeast Asian Countries since 1960s: A Case Study of Malaysian Chinese Outflows Kang Xiaoli* Xiamen Administration Institute Abstract Total outflows of Chinese from Southeast Asian countries since the Second World War reached around 3 million. They headed to the developed countries such as the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, France and Singapore. As for the case of Malaysia, large number of Malaysian Chinese remigrated to Singapore, United Kingdom, United States, Canada and Australia for new residence since the end of the Second World War. They left Malaysia because of political discrimination, economic restrictions, and unequal educational and cultural treatment. According to Malaysia census data and natural population growth rate, this paper made estimation that by 2010 a total of 1.13 million ethnic Chinese had migrated out of Malaysia. After deducting the number of ethnic Chinese moving to Malaysia, the Malaysian Chinese migrating abroad reached 1.05 million. Malaysian Chinese left Malaysia in the manner of permanent residents and short- term migrants. Permanent residents include those in the skill stream, 303 304 Kang Xiaoli family stream and those with special eligibility. Short-term migrants refer to visiting scholars, foreign students, guest labor, business expatriates and expatriate professionals. As a matter of fact, there has been a serious brain drain through Chinese remigration from Malaysia. Keywords: Malaysia, ethnic Chinese, remigration JEL classification: F22, J15, J61, O15 1. Introduction Ethnic Chinese studies among Chinese academics have been focusing much on outflows from Mainland China and these migrants’ descendants for quite some time, while ethnic Chinese remigration from other parts of the world were not given enough attention.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chinese Communist Party and the Diaspora Beijing’S Extraterritorial Authoritarian Rule
    The Chinese Communist Party and the Diaspora Beijing’s extraterritorial authoritarian rule Oscar Almén FOI-R--4933--SE March 2020 Oscar Almén The Chinese Communist Party and the Diaspora Beijing’s extraterritorial authoritarian rule FOI-R--4933--SE Title The Chinese Communist Party and the Diaspora– Beijing’s extraterritorial authoritarian rule Titel Kinas kommunistparti och diasporan: Pekings extraterritoriella styre Rapportnr/Report no FOI-R--4933--SE Månad/Month March Utgivningsår/Year 2020 Antal sidor/Pages 65 ISSN 1650-1942 Kund/Customer Försvarsdepartementet Forskningsområde Säkerhetspolitik FoT-område Projektnr/Project no A 112003 Godkänd av/Approved by Lars Höstbeck Ansvarig avdelning Försvarsanalys Cover: Vancouver, British Columbia / Canada - August 18 2019: Hong Kong Protest and Counter-Protest in Vancouver. (Photo by Eric Kukulowicz, Shutterstock) Detta verk är skyddat enligt lagen (1960:729) om upphovsrätt till litterära och konstnärliga verk, vilket bl.a. innebär att citering är tillåten i enlighet med vad som anges i 22 § i nämnd lag. För att använda verket på ett sätt som inte medges direkt av svensk lag krävs särskild överenskommelse. This work is protected by the Swedish Act on Copyright in Literary and Artistic Works (1960:729). Citation is permitted in accordance with article 22 in said act. Any form of use that goes beyond what is permitted by Swedish copyright law, requires the written permission of FOI. 2 (65) FOI-R--4933--SE Sammanfattning Denna rapport undersöker det kinesiska kommunistpartiets politik för den kine- siska diasporan samt säkerhetskonsekvenser för diasporan och för de stater där de är bosatta. Eftersom Kina inte accepterar dubbelt medborgarskap är en stor andel av den kinesiska diasporan inte kinesiska medborgare.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Chinese Muslims' Migration Into Malaysia
    27 Dirasat The History of Chinese Muslims’ Migration into Malaysia Dhul 1438 - September Hijjah, 2017 Ma Hailong School of Ethnology and Sociology, Qinghai Nationalities University The History of Chinese Muslims’ Migration into Malaysia Ma Hailong School of Ethnology and Sociology, Qinghai Nationalities University 4 Dirasat No. 27 Dhul Hijjah, 1438 - September 2017 © King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies, 2017 King Fahd National Library Cataloging-In-Publication Data Hailong, Ma The history of Chinese Muslims migration into Malaysia, / Ma Hailong - Riyadh, 2018 36 p ; 16.5 x 23 cm ISBN: 978-603-8206-48-0 1 - Islam - China - History I - Title 210.9151 dc 1439/4588 L.D. no. 1439/4588 ISBN: 978-603-8206-48-5 Table of Content Abstract 6 Introduction 7 The History of Chinese Muslim in Malaysia before the Twentieth Century 9 The History of Chinese Muslims in Malaysia in the Mid-Twentieth Century 12 The History of Chinese Muslims Who Migrated into Malaysia after the 1980s 13 • Studying Abroad and Migration 13 • Exploring Business and Migration 19 • Job Search and Migration 23 The General Situation of Chinese Muslims in Malaysia 25 Conclusion 27 References 31 5 6 Dirasat No. 27 Dhul Hijjah, 1438 - September 2017 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine the history of the Chinese Muslims who moved to Malaysia and explain the different factors that have influenced this migration at different historical stages. I separate this history mainly into two parts, namely, before the twentieth century and from the twentieth century onward. Before the twentieth century, the majority of Chinese Muslims who streamed into Malaysia were Chinese immigrants who became Chinese Muslims by converting to Islam.
    [Show full text]
  • Malaysian Chinese and Their Mass Media
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 117 706 CS 202 456, AUTHOR Lent, John A. TITLE Malaysian-Chinese and Their Mass Media: History and PUB 411 g-711 . August 19-74 EDRS PRICE MF-$0.83 Plus Postage. HC Not Available from EDPS. DESCRIPTORS *Broadcast Industry; *Chinese;:idhinese Culture; *History; *Mass Media; News Media; *Newspapers; News 'Reporting; Periodicals; Publications; Radio; Television IDENTIFIERS *Malaysia ABSTRACT The traditions of the Chinese press in Malaysia go back 160 years to Malaysia's first Chinese-language newspaper, considered by.scholars as the first modern periodical anywhere. Since then, this press has aided Christian missionary efforts in China and Southeast Asia, helped develop permanent Chinese communities in the Malay peninsula, called for both reformist and revolutionary movements in China, fought against the Japanese during World War and supported the formation of a Malaysian state--all thewhile trying to retain valuable aspects of Chinese culture. Currently, the Malaysian Chinese community is served by 26 newspapers (23 are dailies), a few local magazihes, a Chinese section of Radio Malaysia, and a daily Chinese newscast and limited drama ontelevision. Readership of Chinese papers is the highest of any ethnic press in the couhtty. In the future, most of the Chinese papers, falling under the ownership of Alliance government parties, will have to report according to government standards and, while Chinese broadcastscould be diminished because of language restrictions, it would be a long time before Chinese would be discarded as a broadcast language. (JM) . 1 *********************************************************************** * Documents acquired by EPIC include many informal unpublished * * materials not available from other-sources. ERIC makes everyeffort * *'to obtain the best copy available, Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered andthis affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC.makesavailable * * via the ERIC Document ReproductionService (EDRS).
    [Show full text]
  • Malaysian Chinese Federal Representation: Limited Prospects?
    www.rsis.edu.sg No. 062 – 16 April 2021 RSIS Commentary is a platform to provide timely and, where appropriate, policy-relevant commentary and analysis of topical and contemporary issues. The authors’ views are their own and do not represent the official position of the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, NTU. These commentaries may be reproduced with prior permission from RSIS and due recognition to the author(s) and RSIS. Please email to Mr Yang Razali Kassim, Editor RSIS Commentary at [email protected]. Malaysian Chinese Federal Representation: Limited Prospects? By Nawaljeet Singh Rayar SYNOPSIS Earlier this week, an internal debate within the opposition Democratic Action Party (DAP) spilled into the public domain. Ronnie Liu’s comments cautioning against the party "dilut[ing] its Chineseness" were swiftly condemned by party leaders who reiterated the party’s multiracial platform. This incident reflects the tension within the DAP and the Chinese community, whose national political representation is under stress. COMMENTARY AFTER THE ousting of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) government in February 2020 and the resulting removal of the Democratic Action Party (DAP) from government, serious questions were revived on the role and vitality of Malaysia’s Chinese-majority parties. The incumbent Perikatan Nasional (PN) government’s component party, the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), has but two seats in the Dewan Rakyat (Lower House of Parliament). Amidst a declared state of emergency, raging COVID-19 pandemic and rising Malay ethnonationalism, Malaysian Chinese risk their interests being sidelined altogether. How are they seeking political representation at the federal level? Demographic Dynamics Malaysian Chinese make up 22.6% of the country’s 30 million citizens.
    [Show full text]
  • Malaysian Chinese Stories of Hard Work: Folklore and Chinese Work Values
    IJAPS, Vol. 11, No. 2, 1–16, 2015 MALAYSIAN CHINESE STORIES OF HARD WORK: FOLKLORE AND CHINESE WORK VALUES See Hoon Peow SEGi University, Selangor, Malaysia email: [email protected]/[email protected] ABSTRACT The Chinese, especially overseas Chinese and particularly the Malaysian Chinese, are well known for being hardworking and for their economic success. A certain degree of stereotyping is present here, of course, but Chinese success stories are certainly inspirational. This article demonstrates that Chinese folk narratives may have contributed to moulding the hardworking and entrepreneurial characteristics of the Chinese. Folklore, particularly folk narrative, plays a number of functions in non-literate societies, such as entertainment, validation of culture and the transmission of values. One of the major functions of folklore in non-literate societies is value transmission. In a modern society, folklore can perform the same function, although the transmission may be in the form of a book or a digital animation. To attempt to "scientifically" show that the Malaysian Chinese are likely to be influenced by these materials, this study analyses folk narratives that are commonly available in Chinese children's textbooks used in Chinese primary schools. The tales transmit values such as diligence, determination (especially in learning), loyalty, creativity, courage and to some extent, shrewdness, which are important to economic success. Keywords: Malaysian Chinese, folklore, work ethics, Chinese work values, entrepreneurship The Chinese, especially overseas Chinese, are well known for being hardworking and entrepreneurial (Voon 2012: 101). In 1894, Arthur Smith painted a picture of hardworking Chinese in all walks of life in China in his book Chinese Characteristics: "They practically never stay idle but work all day long" (Smith 1894: 27–34).
    [Show full text]
  • Malaysian Perceptions of China Ibrahim Abu Bakar Head of Islamic Religion and the Malay Custom the Idea to Form the Federation of Malaysia in His Respective State
    HAOL, Núm. 7 (Primavera, 2005), 93-105 ISSN 1696-2060 MALAYSIAN PERCEPTIONS OF CHINA Ibrahim Abu Bakar National University of Malaysia, Malaysia. E-mail: [email protected] Recibido: 27 Febrero 2005 / Revisado: 20 Marzo 2005 / Aceptado: 09 Mayo 2005 / Publicado: 15 Junio 2005 Resumen: Malaysia consisting of Malaya, Politically and historically Malaysia was Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore gained her created on 16 September 1963 after Malaya, independence from the British on 16 September Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak had agreed to 1963. Malaya gained her independence from form the Federation of Malaysia. Singapore, the British on 31 August 1957. In 1965 Sabah and Sarawak gained their independence Singapore was independent from Malaysia. from the British Government through the Malaysia is a parliamentary democratic and Federation of Malaysia. However, Singapore capitalistic nation. Moreover, Malaysia is a withdrew from the Federation of Malaysia in multi-religious and multiracial nation. Malaysia 1965 and since then Singapore has been an has been populated by the Malays, Chinese, independent nation in the southern part of Indians and others. The Malays are Muslims Malaysian Peninsula. and Islam is the religion of the Federation of Malaysia. Malaysia has a very long history with Malaya is the English name for the Malay name China but China never colonizad certain areas Tanah Melayu (the Malay land) or in Malaysia and then the British colonized the Semenanjung Tanah Melayu (the Malay whole Malaysia. Malaysian perceptions of peninsula). Malaya gained her independence China are influenced by many internal and from the British Government on 31 August external factors such as the politico-ideologies, 1957 after the Malayans demanded the economic development as well as the national, independence of Malaya.
    [Show full text]
  • Malaysian Chinese: an Analysis on Their Beliefs and Religious Practices
    T.C. SAKARYA UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES MALAYSIAN CHINESE: AN ANALYSIS ON THEIR BELIEFS AND RELIGIOUS PRACTICES MASTER’S THESIS Ahmad Tarmizi BIN MD ARIFFIN Department : Philosophy and Religious Studies Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Muhammed Ali BAĞIR MAY-2019 DECLARATION I declare that this thesis does not have any intellectual incorporation of any material previously submitted for any degree or diploma in any university without acknowledgement. It does not contain to the best of my knowledge any material previously published or written by any other person except where due reference is illustrated in the text. Ahmad Tarmizi BIN MD ARIFFIN 29.05.2019 CONTENTS CONTENTS ...................................................................................................................... i LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................... iv SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... v ÖZET ............................................................................................................................... vi INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1 Introduction of the Study .................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Chinese Cultural Practices Among Malaysian Indians
    PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2020) 57(8): 167-180 ISSN: 00333077 The Influence of Chinese Cultural Practices among Malaysian Indians Silllalee S.Kandasamy1, Rajantheran Muniandy2, Tamil Arasi Muniandy3*, Manimaran Subramaniam4, Bharathi Mutty5 1 Senior Lecturer in the Department of Indian Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2 Professor, Department of Indian Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Malay, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 3 Lecturer in the Department of General Studies, Faculty of Creative Industries, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia. 4 The author is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Indian Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 5 Lecturer in the Department of Language and Linguistics, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences,, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia. corresponding author: [email protected]* ABSTRACT: The diplomatic relationship between the Indian and Chinese communities has existed since the beginning of civilization. The Malaysian Chinese and Indian ancestors, who migrated from China and India to Malaya under the encouragement of British colonials at the end of the 18th and 19th centuries to fulfill the labor-power within the nation, stayed in Malaya and became the citizens of the country. As a result, these communities constructed a new life born from constant contact between them. The shared cultural practices had even amalgamated to produce new cultures in both communities, respectively. As both occupied the same geographical space, the influence of each community on another was highly evident in many aspects of their lives, namely in religious beliefs, arts, medical practices, dressing, and food.
    [Show full text]
  • Trends in Southeast Asia
    ISSN 0219-3213 2019 no. 14 Trends in Southeast Asia CHINA’S EVOLVING POLICY TOWARDS THE CHINESE DIASPORA IN SOUTHEAST ASIA (1949–2018) WU XIAO AN TRS14/19s ISBN 978-981-4881-19-7 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace Singapore 119614 http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg 9 789814 881197 Trends in Southeast Asia 19-J06137 01 Trends_2019-14.indd 1 17/9/19 11:58 AM The ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute (formerly Institute of Southeast Asian Studies) is an autonomous organization established in 1968. It is a regional centre dedicated to the study of socio-political, security, and economic trends and developments in Southeast Asia and its wider geostrategic and economic environment. The Institute’s research programmes are grouped under Regional Economic Studies (RES), Regional Strategic and Political Studies (RSPS), and Regional Social and Cultural Studies (RSCS). The Institute is also home to the ASEAN Studies Centre (ASC), the Temasek History Research Centre (THRC) and the Singapore APEC Study Centre. ISEAS Publishing, an established academic press, has issued more than 2,000 books and journals. It is the largest scholarly publisher of research about Southeast Asia from within the region. ISEAS Publishing works with many other academic and trade publishers and distributors to disseminate important research and analyses from and about Southeast Asia to the rest of the world. 19-J06137 01 Trends_2019-14.indd 2 17/9/19 11:58 AM 2019 no. 14 Trends in Southeast Asia CHINA’S EVOLVING POLICY TOWARDS THE CHINESE DIASPORA IN SOUTHEAST ASIA (1949–2018) WU XIAO AN 19-J06137 01 Trends_2019-14.indd 3 17/9/19 11:58 AM Published by: ISEAS Publishing 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace Singapore 119614 [email protected] http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg © 2019 ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute, Singapore All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]