International Cluttering Association The T.r.a.d.e.
Treatment, Research, Awareness, Diagnosis, Education
http://associations.missouristate.edu/ICA/
Volume 8, Issue 1 January, 2018
Welcome IN THIS ISSUE: By Charley Adams Welcome Dear ICA Friends, ...... 1
I hope that 2017 finished on a good note for everyone, and that you’ve enjoyed The 2018 Hiroshima a great holiday season! World Congress news ...... 2 Another thing I hope is that most of you are at least considering attending the World Congress in Hiroshima next summer. You will find an update in this issue Contribute samples (see at the page: 2). The ICA was established at a similar event in 2007, so please to FluencyBank! help us celebrate our 10th birthday in Japan! ...... 3
I’d like to take this opportunity to thank two of our officers, Dan Hudock and Kasia Węsierska, ICA Treasurer and Secretary (respectively), for organizing and running International Highlights the ICA meeting at ASHA in November...... 4-6
There was a great turnout, and a lot was accomplished. Minutes of this meeting can Consumer Issues be found on the ICA website (https://associations.missouristate.edu/ICA/)...... 7
As usual, this issue is filled with all of the wonderful work that you do to help us spread information and understanding about cluttering: enjoy! News from Norway ...... 7-8 Sincerely, News from Oxford
Charley Adams, Chair ...... 8-9
News from ASHA Convention ...... 10-11
AMBI Annual Conference ...... 12
Cluttering Literature Review ...... 13
Books on Cluttering ...... 14
Volume 8, Issue 1 January, 2018 1 The 2018 World Congress news
By Susanne Cook and Charley Adams
One World, Many Voices: Science and Community is the Inaugural Joint World Congress of the International Cluttering Association (ICA), the International Fluency Association (IFA) and the International Stuttering Association (ISA). This inaugural joint congress will be hosted by the Japan Society of Stuttering and Other Fluency Disorders as well as the Japanese Stuttering Genyukai Organization. This event will be held in Hiroshima, Japan, from the 13th to the 16th of July 2018.
Planning for it is well underway. The Congress Planning Committee meets about once a month via Skype. ICA is being represented by Charley Adams and Susanne Cook. Additionally, Charley chairs the Program Committee. We are thrilled to report that cluttering will be well represented during the World Congress. Each day will feature one keynote presentation by one of the organizations.
The Cluttering Keynote will be in the form of a panel led by Dr. Florence Myers. The session will begin with Dr. Charley Adams and Dr. Susanne Cook reviewing a survey they conducted indicating that speech- language pathologists need more information about the nature of cluttering. Dr. Myers’ keynote will be devoted to an in-depth consideration of the Three-Pronged Approach to the Conceptualization of Cluttering (TPA-CC). Salient features of cluttering will be discussed toward greater understanding of the nature and conceptualization of cluttering.
Information about venue and hotels will be available soon, and all the latest information can be obtained from our congress website: https://theifa.org/index.php/world-congress-home.
Additionally, information is also uploaded to our ICA Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/ica.cluttering/?ref=bookmarks
Volume 8, Issue 1 January, 2018 2 Contribute samples of people who clutter to FluencyBank!
By Nan Bernstein Ratner
FluencyBank (fluency.talkbank.org), jointly funded by the US National Institutes of Health and US National Science Foundation, is open for business! We now have a well-developed teaching resources site (http://fluency.talkbank.org/teaching.html) that has extensive open-access video interview samples, transcripts and OASES results for more than two dozen adults who stutter. The site is now being used extensively by fluency instructors around the world.
The ICA would like to encourage members who can contribute samples of people who clutter to this site, in addition to the research archive. For existing (historical) samples, please contact Nan Ratner ([email protected]) to discuss consent options. For current PWC who can contribute new data, ICA has developed a specific protocol, available at the teaching site, and we can provide dedicated consent forms to permit open access by teachers, students and clinicians.
Discussions about how to use FluencyBank--and its resources--were held at the Oxford Dysfluency Conference and the ASHA convention in Los Angeles. For copies of handouts, contact [email protected] (they will also be posted to the FluencyBank site). As with all Talkbank ventures, success of both the research and teaching sites heavily depend upon contributions from the clinical/research community. Please help us disseminate high quality information about cluttering, and improve both clinical instruction and research by helping us locate high quality samples of cluttering.
Nan Bernstein Ratner, F-, H-ASHA, F-AAAS, ABCLD Professor Hearing and Speech Sciences University of Maryland 0100 Lefrak Hall College Park, MD 20742 [email protected], 301-405-4217
Co-director: FluencyBank (www.fluency.talkbank.org); http://languagefluency.umd.edu/
Volume 8, Issue 1 January, 2018 3 International Highlights By Isabella Reichel
In 2017, the International Cluttering Association celebrates the 10th anniversary of its founding. The international representatives of the ICA plan to commemorate this important milestone by presenting an ICA seminar at the Inaugural Joint World Congress in Hiroshima this summer. The working title of the ICA seminar is "International Cluttering Association Forum: Outcomes of 10 Years of Successful Collaboration." I want to thank our ICA representatives who demonstrated their interest in participating in the ICA seminar and by doing so, proved once again how their commitment to sharing ideas about cluttering in a multinational cross-cultural context continues to facilitate the improvement of services to those who clutter, to profoundly enhance their communication skills and their quality of life.
I wish the members of our committee as well as all other readers of this Newsletter to have a wonderful Holiday Season and a Happy New Year! I can't wait to see many of you in Japan in a few short months!
Argentina
Beatriz Touzet submitted a picture of the participants of the seminar on cluttering organized by the Stuttering Association of Argentina.
Beatriz Touzet is receiving a Government Award commemorating the 20th anniversary of the Stuttering Association of Argentina.
Belgium
Our ICA representative Marja Cosyns no longer works for Ghent University. She now works as a scientist for the Scientific Institute of Public Health. It is a part-time position that allows her to open a private practice, focusing on clients with fluency disorders. Marja also reports about a group for people who stutter and/or clutter, which is facilitated by fluency specialists Gert Reunes and Caroline Moerenhout. Members of the group performed stand-up comedy to celebrate the International Stuttering Awareness Day.
Volume 8, Issue 1 January, 2018 4 Canada
Carla Di Domenicantonio delivered a one-hour presentation at the Canadian Stuttering Association's Annual Conference on October 28 in Toronto. The presentation was entitled "An Introduction to Cluttering." There were a couple of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in the audience, but most of the people in attendance were people who stutter (and their significant others, in a few instances). A brief oral survey revealed that some members of the audience attended the workshop out of curiosity because they had never heard of cluttering, and others wondered if they themselves had cluttering. The SLPs wanted a refresher and hoped to learn more about the disorder. Following a brief historical overview of cluttering, the session highlighted similarities, and mostly differences, between stuttering and cluttering, both in terms of how each disorder presents and how each might be treated. Co-occurrence of stuttering and cluttering was also discussed. Speech samples of cluttered speech were played for participants to illustrate the disorder.
Germany
Alexandra Schnell is in the final phase of her Masters, which she hopes will be completed in about 6 months. For her Masters, she is conducting a neuroimaging study of people with cluttering, using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). We are looking forward to reading the results of Alexandra's study when it will be completed. Dana-Kristin Marks published a chapter entitled 'Cluttering' in a book edited by Andreas Mayer & Tanja Ulrich. It can be found in Mayer, A. & Ulrich, T. (Eds.), Speech therapy with children. (pp. 433-471). Munich: Ernst Reinhardt Verlag (in German).
Great Britain
David Ward reported that he and his colleagues at Reading University are continuing their research into phonological processing in cluttering, and they also have new data on the relationship between central auditory processing disorder and cluttering. He and his colleague also presented some preliminary but exciting findings from a single case study at the Oxford Dysfluency Conference in September. The research looked at the effects of a mindfulness approach to the treatment of cluttering in the absence of any direct or indirect work on speech-fluency management. Findings indicated that with just a few sessions of mindfulness-based therapy, their adult client improved on a number of speech and quality of life measures, and that the majority of these gains were maintained at one-year follow-up.
The second edition of David Ward's book Stuttering and Cluttering: Frameworks for Understanding and Treatment was published in August of this year by Routledge Press. As in the first edition, there are two large chapters devoted to cluttering - the first covers etiological and diagnostic issues whilst the second considers assessment and treatment. Both chapters are very different to the versions that appeared in the first edition - a mark of just how much has changed in the understanding of cluttering over the last decade. Please see the flyer from the publishers on 14.
Volume 8, Issue 1 January, 2018 5 India
Pallavi Kelkar from India authored and co-authored 3 articles. The first two studies have been published in Indian journals, and the third study is available online. Kelkar, P. (2013). Self versus other perceived impact of fluency disorders. Bombay Psychologist, XXVIII (1 & 2), 25-34. Kelkar, P., & Mukundan, G. (2015). Development of an impact scale for assessment of fluency disorders. Disabilities and Impairments, 29(2), 109-115. Kelkar, P. & Mukundan, G. (2016). Impact of fluency disorders: A comparison of perceptions of typical speakers and persons with fluency disorders. Speech, Language and Hearing, 19(1), 10-16. The studies discuss the development of the Impact Scale for Assessment of Cluttering and Stuttering (ISACS). The scale has two identical forms, one for the patient and one for the significant other. After a pilot study assessed the appropriateness of the tool (2015), the 2016 study used the scale for assessment of how naive listeners perceive people who stutter versus people with cluttering. Comparisons were also made across perceptions of people who themselves had a fluency disorder, versus those who were typical speakers. Pallavi Kelkar and Maya Sanghi are currently in the process of collecting data for validation of the ISACS, as well as translating it to local Indian languages. Papers published in scientific journals, however, are not accessible to the lay public in India. The multiple languages spoken in India, coupled with a high rate of illiteracy in rural areas makes awareness building even more challenging. Pallavi Kelkar has therefore been conducting programs on locally popular radio stations in Pune, India, in the local language (Marathi) to increase awareness about stuttering as well as cluttering.
Jordan
Maisa A. Haj-Tas is in the final stages of submitting a proposal to the IRB Committee at the University of Jordan (UJ) to conduct a study on the speech and language characteristics of cluttering in Arabic-speaking individuals from different age groups. Also, under her supervision, 42 students who are presently taking the undergraduate Fluency Disorders class this academic semester. The students are preparing outreach material (handouts, brochures, posters, and a newsletter) about stuttering and cluttering. The students will be presenting their work during an Awareness Day during the third week of December and they have invited faculty members and students in the Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences to attend the activity. They hope to generate material that will be used in the Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences and the UJ Hearing and Speech Clinic for student and patient education.
Poland
Dr. Maria Faściszewska presented a seminar on cluttering in Gdańsk University, which was entitled "Cluttering – contemporary diagnostics and therapy" in November of 2017. This seminar was organized by the Polish Logopedic Society (Polskie Towarzystwo Logopedyczne - PTL). More than 100 SLPs and students attended the seminar.
Russia
The SLP students of the Moscow Pedagogical State University continue to learn about cluttering in a "Fluency Disorders" course taught by Dr. Julia Filatova. This year, in the "Fluency Disorders" course on the 24th of October 2017, Julia Filatova organized a conference devoted to International Stuttering Awareness Day. Her Master's student Olga Antipova presented a paper entitled "Differential Diagnosis of Stuttering and Cluttering," which demonstrated 2 versions of a Checklist for identifying possible symptoms of cluttering.
Volume 8, Issue 1 January, 2018 6 CONSUMER ISSUES By Rutger Wilhelm
Late 2017, a new year in sight. Usually a good time for self reflection, also with regard to my cluttering. Am I happy with 2017 as far as my speech is concerned? If yes, in what way, and if not, why? Have I showed some progress in how to deal with my cluttering? And are there any things that I can do better?
To ask the question is to answer it. I'm well aware that I should be able to speak more fluently more often. Therefore I should consider: What holds me back in doing so? Is 'being busy' a good excuse? Or is something else behind it? If you ask me, it ultimately boils down to the question: How much effort do I need to put in place, and what do I get from it in return? In itself quite a valid one, the answer to which can only be found by trying it out yourself. At least from my own experience I know that much can be done to speak more fluently or intelligibly, provided you put sufficient energy into it. That focus alone, however, is not enough for me. What I need on top of that is a fair portion of trust: trust in myself that I can speak better for more than just 'now', trust in a positive outcome in the long term, and trust that others are willing to support me in my efforts. Of course, setting clear goals is what can't be missed in that context, too.
I will take a good look at this around Christmas again. For now, I already marked some evaluation moments in 2018. After all, the turn of the year shouldn't be the only occasion to reflect on whether you're still on track, should it?
News from the Norwegian Stuttering and Cluttering Association By Martin Asen Wright board leader in the Norwegian Stuttering and Cluttering Association
2017 has been an important year. In March we launched the first book ever in Norway told by the people who stutter themselves and the impact stuttering has on everyday life. This book was released by The Norwegian Stuttering and Cluttering Association on Abstrakt Publishing and funded by Extrastiftelsen. PR and media To promote the book, we did one national live TV-show interview (the Norwegian TV 2) and two national newspapers interviews along with updates on Facebook and our website.
On the same TV 2 channel we did another live TV interview about cluttering. 19-year old Marie Mannes talked about her own experience with cluttering. Now she lives in London studying journalism and international politics.
CLUTTERING ON LIVE TV: Marie Mannes and Martin Aasen Wright on live national TV talking about cluttering (Screenshot from TV 2 Norway)
Volume 8, Issue 1 January, 2018 7 There have also been several other newspapers interviews about stuttering and cluttering during 2017. After we changed our organization name into Norwegian Stuttering and Cluttering Association, more people and journalists have approach us wanting to know more about cluttering.
Political work In 2017 we distributed our new brochures about "Stuttering in kindergarten" and "Stuttering and cluttering in school" to kindergartens, schools, speech therapy clinics, teacher training schools, and health support systems in Norway. On a regular basis we have held lectures to speech therapists and parents telling about our organizational work, brochures and personal experiences.
Youth camp This autumn we were able to host a youth camp. Ten teenagers met a weekend in October sharing personal experiences, workshops and socializing. The Youth Camp will be an annual event for people in the age of 13 to 26 years old, and both people who stutter and/or clutter are welcome.
Children's camp As the youth camp was meant to fill the «gap» between the Children's camp since 2014 and the other events with mostly grownups attend, the Children's camp is our most important event each year. This is a social gathering for children who stutter and/or clutter and their parents. It's a safe arena were children can be children and parents can meet other parents. This summer 30 children and their parents met at a waterpark in a small-town in the southern-east Norway.
Cluttering news from 11th Oxford Dysfluency Conference By Hilda Sønsterud, Norway
The 11th Oxford Dysfluency Conference (ODC), entitled 'Challenge and Change', was held at St Catherine's College in Oxford September 20th to 23rd, 2017. The Oxford Dysfluency Conference (ODC) is perceived as one of the leading international scientific conferences in the field of dysfluency. The conference brings together researchers and clinicians, providing an outstanding array of topics related to fluency and its disorders in the conference program. During the 11th edition of the conference some topics of cluttering were presented.
The poster entitled "A case study investigating the effectiveness of a mindfulness based approach to the treatment of cluttering", was presented by Faye Littlewood and David Ward from the University of Reading UK. The topic was about usefulness of mindfulness approach applied for a 31 old male person with moderate cluttering and very mild stuttering.
Faye Littlewood in front of her poster
Volume 8, Issue 1 January, 2018 8 Another presentation dedicated to cluttering was delivered by Robin J. Lickley from Queen Margaret University, UK, co-authored by Jillian Donahue, Christine Schoepfer and Eleanor Drake. The presentation was entitled "How comprehension is affected by stuttering and cluttering in speech". in a small-town in the southern-east Norway.
Robin Lickley presenting at the Oxford conference
Nan Bernstein Ratner disseminated information regarding the worthwhile projects Voices of People Who Stutter and Voices of People Who Clutter accessible at fluency.talkbank.org. It seemed like lots of visitors were gathered at the table, wanting to know more about it. Ratner was sharing ideas and plans for increasing interest and material for both stuttering and cluttering.
The Information Table for FluencyBank at the Oxford Dysfluency Conference
The last day at the 11th Oxford Dysfluency Conference, Katarzyna Węsierska, the ICA secretary and the editor of the ICA newsletter, was awarded the Dave Rowley Award for International Initiatives. Katarzyna Węsierska is dedicated to both stuttering and cluttering, and she has put cluttering on the map in Poland. She coordinates self-help groups for people who stutter and/or clutter, and every second year she chairs the International Conference on Logopedics in Katowice, Poland. The conference covers stuttering, cluttering and other dysfluencies disorders.
Presentation of Katarzyna Węsierska, recipient of the Dave Rowley Award 2017
The next Oxford Dysfluency Conference will take place in 2020 (I assume), hopefully the topic of cluttering will be even more represented then.
Volume 8, Issue 1 January, 2018 9 News from the ASHA Convention
By Katarzyna Węsierska, ICA secretary and Dan Hudock, ICA treasurer
The 2017 American Speech-Language and Hearing Association (ASHA) convention took place on November 9th - 11th in Los Angeles California USA and was entitled Focus on the big picture. Here we review Cluttering as a part of that picture!
The poster Cluttering and Volume of Information: C-unit analysis was presented by Kathleen Scaler Scott and her research team from Misericordia University. The poster presented the study in which monologues of a sample of 7 teen/adult males with cluttering and 7 teen/adult controls were compared. Significant differences were found in the number of revisions used by the people with cluttering. Those without cluttering could say the same message more efficiently. Authors pointed out that this is a finding which confirms clinicians' observations but there was a need to have an objective proof.
The poster Authors pictured from left to right: Emily Gurtizen, Alexandra Irr, Kathleen Scaler Scott, PhD., Danielle Gorski, and Ashley Peachey
Dr. Kathleen Scaler Scott also delivered a very well attended seminar: Fluency Plus: Managing Fluency Disorders in Clients with Multiple Diagnosis. She presented practical strategies, which can be used in assessment and therapy with clients who stutter and/or clutter and have a concomitant diagnosis, such as autism spectrum, ADHD, selective mutism, intellectual disability, learning disability, articulation disorders, and gifted students.
Dr. Kathleen Scaler Scott delivering her presentation Fluency Plus
Volume 8, Issue 1 January, 2018 10 Recently Dr. Nan Bernstein-Ratner from the University of Maryland worked with members of the ICA to develop easy to follow guidelines and protocols for submitting examples of Cluttering to FluencyBank. FluencyBank is a website that allows uploading, coding, and analysis of stuttering and cluttering audio and videos. It is our hope that through our membership we can help them grow their database to provide better education and understanding regarding stuttering and cluttering. This database is open access so people who clutter / stutter, clinicians, instructors, and researchers can progress the field of fluency disorders. With the support of her team (Davida Fromm, Mark Baer, Courtney Luckman, Julianne Garbarino) they gave a number of workshops at the ASHA convention and talked about some of FluencyBank utilities: FluencyBank for clinicians, teaching with TalkBank, with emphasis on FluencyBank and AphasiaBank activities, how to make language sample analysis (LSA) easier, faster and more informative. If you are someone who stutters or clutters, or if you know people who stutter / clutter, please consider submitting a sample to help further the field of knowledge!
During the convention the annual International Cluttering Association meeting was run by Dr. Dan Hudock. The following topics were discussed during the meeting: review of August Board meeting minutes, an update on World Congress in Hiroshima, final Conceptualization of the Cluttering Document, marketing ventures, ICA LLC and financial status, the policies, procedures, and timing for ICA elections. Another topic mentioned was the need for submitting recordings and approaching people who clutter for permission to do so as well. Dr. Nan Bernstein Ratner pointed out that very few submissions have been received for this great resource to date.
ICA Meeting at the ASHA Convention
The minutes from the meeting are available on the ICA website.
Volume 8, Issue 1 January, 2018 11 AMBI Annual Conference: Approaches to Stuttering and Cluttering
By Florence Myers and Benny Ravid
The Israel Stuttering Association (AMBI) conference was held December 5, 2017. Mr. Hanan Hurwitz (AMBI Chairperson) greeted the audience, followed by special greetings from Professor Katarzyna Węsierska of the University of Silesia from Poland and Professor Ruth Ezrati of Tel Aviv University. This conference spanned coverage of both stuttering and cluttering. Of note is the presentation by Dr. Itai Glick, an Israeli clinical psychologist, who spoke about ACT, the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Approach that is so helpful for people with fluency problems. Commitment was an important part of Mr. Benny Ravid's presentation as well. In fact, commitment may transcend to a mission toward advocacy for stuttering and the fluency world. As Honorary Chair of AMBI, Mr. Ravid has beckoned audiences around the world that stuttering is much more than a problem of people who stutter. The latter should champion a mission to develop a greater understanding among humanity for individuals with a fluency disorder.
A captive audience at the AMBI Conference (Israel Stuttering Association)
Professor Florence Myers focused on both the fluency disorders of stuttering and cluttering. Regarding the former, at the request of several members of AMBI, she spoke of the commonalities and differences between fluency shaping and stuttering modification therapies. In the process of drawing some contrasts between these two approaches, Dr. Myers highlighted some important themes to consider in the management of both fluency disorders, as indeed a number of consumers exhibit both stuttering and cluttering. Foremost of these themes is the importance of the consumer's inter- and intrapersonal feelings associated with speaking. Another theme is that fluency management is a consumer-driven partnership between the client and the clinician and, in the case of children, based upon a vital partnership between parents and clinician. The second component of the presentation was on differential diagnosis of stuttering and cluttering, how these two disorders are related yet different. Cluttering is seen largely as a rate-driven disorder, whereby the speaker tries to encode language and speech at a rate faster than one can handle. People who clutter indicate that they experience multiple thoughts converging simultaneously and it is difficult for them to organize and sequence those thoughts in a manner that reflects fluent speech and language output. It is as if the communication system is on 'overdrive' so that the speaker does not modulate the speech and language events in a cohesive and well synchronized manner. Dr. Myers emphasized that consumers can help facilitate the diagnosis of cluttering—and the differential diagnosis of stuttering and cluttering—by discussing with the clinician the symptoms from the 'inside out.' It is important to consider the possible reasons motivating the outward symptoms that impact on speech intelligibility, fluency, rate and cadence, as well as language and thought organization. Cluttering is a complex and systemic disorder effecting various dimensions of communication.
Mr. Ravid was instrumental in planning the highly successful conference. A very special 'atmosphere' was generated inspite of the large number of people congregated—comprised of consumers, academicians, students, parents, and clinicians. Special thanks to the insurance company Harrel that donated the use of their corporate hall for this assemblage.
Volume 8, Issue 1 January, 2018 12 Cluttering Literature Review
By Susanne Cook
Perceptions of Cluttering Among Communication Sciences and Disorders and Non Communication Sciences
and Disorders Students
P. Blanchett & G. Snyder The study of Blanchett and Snyder (2017) compared perceptions of cluttering of undergraduate Communication Sciences and Disorders majors with perceptions of non-majors. Neither group had received any specific training in cluttering. Blanchett and Snyder hypothesized that there would be few, if any, significant differences between the two groups of students regarding attitudes and perceptions toward PWC. Both groups reviewed the definition of cluttering, watched an informational DVD on cluttering, including samples of people who clutter, and completed a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of two areas: eight questions regarding the perceived speech skills of a person who clutters, (e.g., intelligibility, voice volume…) and personal characteristics of a person who clutters (e.g., regarding intelligence, anxiety etc.). Results revealed that the Communication Sciences and Disorders students rated a person who clutters as exhibiting a significantly more inappropriate speech rate than did the non-Communication Sciences and Disorders majors. However, results revealed no significant group differences in ratings of any personality traits. The authors concluded that further research is needed to replicate these results and also to investigate whether attitudes of Communication Sciences and Disorders majors would change after completing course work in fluency disorders.
Citation: Blanchet, P., & Snyder, G. (2017). Perceptions of Cluttering Among Communication Sciences and Disorders and Non Communication Sciences and Disorders Students. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups. 2. 43. 10.1044/persp2.SIG4.43.
Speech disfluencies of children with Down Syndrome
K. Eggers & S. Van Eerdenbrugh Speech-language development in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) is often delayed and/or disordered and speech disfluencies appear to be more common. These disfluencies have been labeled over time as stuttering, cluttering or both. Findings were usually generated from studies with adults or a mixed age group, quite often using different methodologies, making it different to compare findings. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to analyze and describe the speech disfluencies of a more homogeneous group, only consisting of children with Down Syndrome between 3 and 13 years of age. Participants consisted of 26 Dutch-speaking children with DS. Spontaneous speech samples were collected and 50 utterances were analyzed for each child. Types of disfluencies were identified and classified into stuttering-like (SLD) and other disfluencies (OD). The criterion of three or more SLD per 100 syllables (cf. Ambrose & Yairi, 1999) was used to identify stuttering. Additional parameters such as mean articulation rate (MAR), ratio of disfluencies, and telescoping (cf. Coppens-Hofman et al., 2013) were used to identify cluttering and to differentiate between stuttering and cluttering. Approximately 30 percent of children with DS between 3 and 13 years of age in this study stutter, which is much higher than the prevalence in normally developing children. Moreover, this study showed that the speech of children with DS has a different distribution of types of disfluencies than the speech of normally developing children. Although example of what cluttering-like characteristics were found in the speech of young children with DS, none of them could be identified as cluttering or cluttering-stuttering, based on the criteria used. In the discussion section of our manuscript, we have linked our results to earlier findings in children with DS and have elaborated on why we were not able to label any of our participants as cluttering or cluttering-stuttering whereas Coppens-Hofman et al. in their study of adults with an intellectual disability found cluttering or a combination with stuttering to be present in 75% of their participants (however, it should be noted that only 39% of their participants were persons with DS).
Citation: Eggers, K., & Van Eerdenbrugh, S. (2017). Speech Disfluencies in Children with Down Syndrome. Journal of Communication Disorders. 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2017.11.001
Volume 8, Issue 1 January, 2018 13 Books on Cluttering around the World
The second edition of David Ward's book: Stuttering and cluttering: Frameworks for Understanding and Treatment was published in August 2017 by Routledge Press (Hove & New York).
A book on cluttering was published in Polish: Giełkot. Jak zrozumieć osoby mówiące niewyraźnie. Podręcznik diagnostyki i terapii (original German title: Poltern – Unverständliches besser verstehen. Leitfaden zur Diagnostik und Therapie), by Manon Spruit, published by Wydawnictwo Edukacyjne, Kraków, Poland 2017.
If you have interesting works to share with ICA, please contact Katarzyna Węsierska, the ICA Secretary and newsletter Editor at: [email protected]
Volume 8, Issue 1 January, 2018 14