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From Base Metals and Back – Isamills and Their Advantages in African Base Metal Operations
The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Base Metals Conference 2013 H. de Waal, K. Barns, and J. Monama From base metals and back – IsaMills and their advantages in African base metal operations H. de Waal, K. Barns, and J. Monama Xstrata IsaMill™ technology was developed from Netzsch Feinmahltechnik GmbH stirred milling technology in the early 1990s to bring about a step change in grinding efficiency that was required to make Xstrata’s fine-grained lead/zinc orebodies economic to process. From small-scale machines suited to ultrafine grinding, the IsaMill™ has developed into technology that is able to treat much larger tonnages, in coarser applications, while still achieving high energy efficiency, suited for coarser more standard regrind and mainstream grinding applications. The unique design of the IsaMillTM, combining high power intensity and effective internal classification, achieves high energy efficiency and tight product distribution which can be effectively scaled from laboratory scale to full-sized models. The use of fine ceramic media also leads to significant benefits in downstream flotation and leaching operations. These benefits are key drivers for the adoption of the technology into processing a diverse range of minerals worldwide, and offer major opportunities for power reduction and improved metallurgy for the African base metal operations. Keywords: IsaMill, regrind, energy efficiency, inert grinding. Introduction The development of the IsaMillTM, by MIM (now GlencoreXstrata) and Netzsch Feinmahltechnik GmbH, was initiated to enable the development of the fine-grained ore deposits at Mt Isa and McArthur River in Northern Australia. To liberate the valuable minerals and so produce a saleable concentrate this ultrafine-grained ore needed to be ground to a P80 of 7 μm. -
Optimisation of an Industrial Scale Ball Mill Using an Online Pulp and Ball
OPTIMISATION OF AN INDUSTRIALTown SCALE BALL MILL USING AN ONLINE PULP AND BALL LOADCape SENSOR of Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the degree of Master of Science University Pratish Keshav KSHPRA001 _______________ May 2013 Page | 1 The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgementTown of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Cape Published by the University ofof Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University ABSTRACT The secondary milling circuit at Waterval UG2 Concentrator had undergone a circuit change with the commissioning of the IsaMill, a horizontally stirred mill, in parallel with the secondary ball mill. The operation treats the PGM bearing UG2 ore type and produces a final concentrate enriched with PGM’s. The concept was to treat the finer silicate rich fraction in the IsaMill and the coarser chromite rich fraction through the ball mill. This circuit is typical of a UG2 plant in which maximum silicate with minimal chromite breakage is targeted. As a result of the circuit change an opportunity for optimisation around the industrial scale ball mill was considered for this study. Of concern in this study were new operating conditions for the mill in the changed circuit at which improved performance could be obtained. Another objective was to investigate if a difference in breakage response for the silicate and chromite fractions could be identified for different operating conditions in the ball mill. -
Positive PFS Results for Razorback High Grade Iron Ore Concentrate Project
ASX Announcement 5 July 2021 Positive PFS Results for Razorback High Grade Iron Ore Concentrate Project Highlights: • Pre Feasibility Study completed and scope defined for Definitive Feasibility Study • PFS supports declaration of a maiden ore reserve of 473mt based on a 12.8Mtpa plant throughput, backed by PFS level or AACE Class 4 capital cost estimates and/or third-party service proposals1 • Optimisation of the processing plant configuration with a nominal 15.5Mtpa feed plant utilising three grinding stages, three stage magnetic separation and flotation to generate a premium grade magnetite concentrate with 67.5 - 68.5% Fe content • Non-process infrastructure and transport studies confirm preferred scope for operating inputs and initial route selection to load annual production of between 2 and 3 Mtpa of high grade concentrate on to Cape size vessels • Initial capital investment of US$429-$506M (A$572-$675M) resulting in optimised case results of NPV of A$669M and 20% IRR for selected go-forward case at long run average prices (post tax, ungeared) • Preparation for a prompt commencement of Definitive Feasibility Study is well advanced with further drilling, testwork, metallurgical investigation and engineering workplans in progress Magnetite Mines Limited (Magnetite Mines or the Company) today announced the results of the Pre Feasibility Study (PFS) for development of its 100% owned Razorback High Grade Iron Ore Concentrate Project (the Project or Razorback) and is now proceeding with the Definitive Feasibility Study (DFS). The PFS has confirmed the opportunity for a high return, long life, initial development of the large scale Razorback resource which leverages the advantages of resource scale, low stripping ratio, available infrastructure, low cost sustainable power and leading product quality. -
Energy Efficiency Analysis of Copper Ore Ball Mill Drive Systems
energies Article Energy Efficiency Analysis of Copper Ore Ball Mill Drive Systems Piotr Bortnowski, Lech Gładysiewicz, Robert Król and Maksymilian Ozdoba * Department of Mining and Geodesy, Faculty of Geoengineering, Mining and Geology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-421 Wroclaw, Poland; [email protected] (P.B.); [email protected] (L.G.); [email protected] (R.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Milling is among the most energy-consuming technological stages of copper ore processing. It is performed in mills, which are machines of high rotational masses. The start of a mill filled to capacity requires appropriate solutions that mitigate the overloading. One method for increasing the energy efficiency of ball mills is to optimize their drive systems. This article looks at two variants of drive systems with efficiencies higher than the already existing solutions. The first variant is a low-speed synchronous motor with permanent magnets without a gearbox, and the second variant is an asynchronous high-efficiency motor with a gearbox and a fluid coupling. The energy performance analysis of the three solutions was based on the average energy consumption indicator per mass unit of the milled material and on the energy consumption per hour. The investigations required models of the drive systems and analyses with the use of the Monte Carlo methods. The highest energy efficiency is observed in the case of the solution based on the permanent magnet motor. However, the drive system with the high-speed motor offers a gentle start-up possibility owing to the fluid coupling. -
Recovery of Magnetite-Hematite Concentrate from Iron Ore Tailings
E3S Web of Conferences 247, 01042 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124701042 ICEPP-2021 Recovery of magnetite-hematite concentrate from iron ore tailings Mikhail Khokhulya1,*, Alexander Fomin1, and Svetlana Alekseeva1 1Mining Institute of Kola Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, 184209, Russia Abstract. The research is aimed at study of the probable recovery of iron from the tailings of the Olcon mining company located in the north-western Arctic zone of Russia. Material composition of a sample from a tailings dump was analysed. The authors have developed a separation production technology to recover magnetite-hematite concentrate from the tailings. A processing flowsheet includes magnetic separation, milling and gravity concentration methods. The separation technology provides for production of iron ore concentrate with total iron content of 65.9% and recovers 91.0% of magnetite and 80.5% of hematite from the tailings containing 20.4% of total iron. The proposed technology will increase production of the concentrate at a dressing plant and reduce environmental impact. 1 Introduction The mineral processing plant of the Olcon JSC, located at the Murmansk region, produces magnetite- At present, there is an important problem worldwide in hematite concentrate. The processing technology the disposal of waste generated during the mineral includes several magnetic separation stages to produce production and processing. Tailings dumps occupy huge magnetite concentrate and two jigging stages to produce areas and pollute the environment. However, waste hematite concentrate from a non-magnetic fraction of material contains some valuable components that can be magnetic separation [13]. used in various industries. In the initial period of plant operation (since 1955) In Russia, mining-induced waste occupies more than iron ore tailings were stored in the Southern Bay of 300 thousand hectares of lands. -
Evolution of the Isamill™ Into Magnetite Processing
EVOLUTION OF THE ISAMILL™ INTO MAGNETITE PROCESSING Greg Rasmussen, Xstrata Technology Pty Ltd Tommy Do , Ernest Henry Mining Michael Larson, Xstrata Technology Pty Ltd Katie Barns, Xstrata Technology Pty Ltd Xstrata Technology • Mount Isa Mines (MIM), a large Australian mining company, was acquired by Xstrata in 2003 who then merged with Glencore in 2013 • MIM internal technology group was re-named Xstrata Technology (XT) and became an independent technology developer and supplier to the global minerals industry with 250 staff worldwide • The equipment and processes which are marketed by XT are developed in our own operations • XT offers full-package solutions including: • Equipment and processes • Engineering • Commissioning and Training • Dedicated after-market support IsaMill™ Technology Development ™ • Development of IsaMill driven by inability Broken Hill to efficiently treat fine grained orebodies • Late 1980s, Xstrata required 7µm grind for new Pb/Zn orebodies in Australia • Conventional mining technologies tested (1975-1990), but 0 40 micron − Too high power consumption to achieve target size McArthur River − Ball/tower mills ineffective below 20-30μm − Negative influence of steel grinding on flotation 0 40 micron IsaMill™ Technology Development A technology was found... • Horizontal Bead Mills − Used in industries other than mining (pharmaceuticals, paint, food, etc.) − Small, batch scale − Very expensive and exotic media types • Cross-over into mining required: − Much larger scale − Continuous operation − Ability to use cheap, -
Treatment and Microscopy of Gold
TREATMENT AND MICROSCOPY OF GOLD AND BASE METAL ORES. (Script with Sketches & Tables) Short Course by R. W. Lehne April 2006 www.isogyre.com Geneva University, Department of Mineralogy CONTENTS (Script) page 1. Gold ores and their metallurgical treatment 2 1.1 Gravity processes 2 1.2 Amalgamation 2 1.3 Flotation and subsequent processes 2 1.4 Leaching processes 3 1.5 Gold extraction processes 4 1.6 Cyanide leaching vs. thio-compound leaching 5 2. Microscopy of gold ores and treatment products 5 2.1 Tasks and problems of microscopical investigations 5 2.2 Microscopy of selected gold ores and products 6 (practical exercises) 3. Base metal ores and their beneficiation 7 3.1 Flotation 7 3.2 Development of the flotation process 7 3.3 Principles and mechanisms of flotation 7 3.4 Column flotation 9 3.5 Hydrometallurgy 10 4. Microscopy of base metal ores and milling products 10 4.1 Specific tasks of microscopical investigations 11 4.2 Microscopy of selected base metal ores and milling products 13 (practical exercises) 5. Selected bibliography 14 (Sketches & Tables) Different ways of gold concentration 15 Gravity concentration of gold (Agricola) 16 Gravity concentration of gold (“Long Tom”) 17 Shaking table 18 Humphreys spiral concentrator 19 Amalgamating mills (Mexican “arrastra”, Chilean “trapiche”) 20 Pressure oxidation flowsheet 21 Chemical reactions of gold leaching and cementation 22 Cyanide solubilities of selected minerals 23 Heap leaching flowsheet 24 Carbon in pulp process 25 Complexing of gold by thio-compounds 26 Relation gold content / amount of particles in polished section 27 www.isogyre.com Economically important copper minerals 28 Common zinc minerals 29 Selection of flotation reagents 30 Design and function of a flotation cell 31 Column cell flotation 32 Flowsheet of a simple flotation process 33 Flowsheet of a selective Pb-Zn flotation 34 Locking textures 35 2 1. -
Addressing the Information Gaps on Prices of Minerals Sold in an Intermediate Form
The Platform for Cooperation on Tax DISCUSSION DRAFT: Addressing the Information Gaps on Prices of Minerals Sold in an Intermediate Form Feedback Period 24 January 2017 – 21 February 2017 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) World Bank Group (WBG) International Monetary Fund (IMF) United Nations (UN) 1 This discussion draft has been prepared in the framework of the Platform for Collaboration on Tax by the OECD, under the responsibility of the Secretariats and Staff of the four mandated organisations. The draft reflects a broad consensus among these staff, but should not be regarded as the officially endorsed views of those organisations or of their member countries. 1 Table of Contents Introduction................................................................................................................................................................ 6 Domestic Resource Mobilisation from Mining......................................................................................... 6 Report Structure ................................................................................................................................................... 9 Building An Understanding of the Mining Sector – A Methodology ................................................ 10 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 10 Steps in the Methodology ........................................................................................................................... -
Isamill™ Technology Used in Efficient Grinding Circuits
1 IsaMill™ Technology Used in Efficient Grinding Circuits B.D. Burford1 and L.W. Clark2 High intensity stirred milling is now an industry accepted method to efficiently grind fine and coarse particles. In particular, the IsaMill™, which was invented for, and transformed the fine grinding industry, is now being included in many new comminution circuits in coarser applications. While comminution has always been regarded as important from a processing perspective, the pressure being applied by environmental concerns on all large scale power users, now make highly energy efficient processes more important than ever. The advantages that were developed in fine grinding in the early IsaMill™ installations have been carried over into coarse grinding applications. These advantages include a simple grinding circuit that operates in open circuit with a small footprint, the ability to offer sharp product size classification, as well as the use of inert media in a high energy intensive environment. This paper will examine the use of IsaMill™ technology in fine grinding (P80 below 15 micron), and examine the use of the technology in conventional grinding applications (P80 20 - 150 µm). Recent installations will be examined, including fine and coarse grinding applications, as well as the recent test work that was undertaken using an IsaMill™ in a primary grinding circuit, and the resulting circuit proposal for this site. While comminution has been relatively unchanged for the last century, the need to install energy efficient technology will promote further growth in IsaMill™ installations, and result in one of the biggest challenges to traditional comminution design. 1. Senior Process Engineer, Xstrata Technology, L4, 307 Queen Street, Brisbane 4000, Qld, Australia 2. -
An Issue Dedicated to Solutions for the Modern Mining Industry
Metso’s customer magazine » ISSUE 1/2017 Mining minds An issue dedicated to solutions for the modern mining industry More efficiency Six-fold reduction Longer wear life and with less energy in moisture content fewer liner changes 06 and water 18 at Olenegorsky GOK 28 reduce costs “Metso has gone beyond combining and re-releasing technology based on prior designs. Its solution is more efficient, lasts longer and reduces operating costs.” mining Results mining is PUBLISHED BY EDITOR-IN-CHIEF © Copyright 2017 PRINTING Metso’s customer magazine Metso Corporation Inka Törmä, Metso Corporation. Hämeen Kirjapaino Oy, showcasing our work and [email protected] All rights reserved. February 2017 Töölönlahdenkatu 2, the success of our customers. P.O. Box 1220, DESIGN AND LAYOUT Reproduction permitted ISSN SUBSCRIPTIONS FI-00101 Helsinki, Brandkind, brandkind.fi quoting “Results mining” 2343-3590 To receive your personal Finland as source. ENGLISH LANGUAGE ADDRESSES 4041 0209 copy, please contact your Printed matter tel. +358 20 484 100 Kathleen Kuosmanen All product names used Metso customer data nearest Metso office or HÄMEEN KIRJAPAINO OY www.metso.com are trademarks of their the e-mail provided. respective owners. This magazine, including all claims regarding operational performance, is intended for sharing information on successful customer cases. Metso makes no warranty or representation whatsoever, either express or implied, that similar or any performance levels or improvements are achievable for all sites or for any particular site. Metso assumes no legal liability for any use of information contained in this presentation. If requested, Metso can execute a site specific survey to provide an estimate of performance or performance improvement for a specific site and operation. -
Comminution of Copper Ores with the Use of a High-Pressure Water Jet
energies Article Comminution of Copper Ores with the Use of a High-Pressure Water Jet Przemyslaw J. Borkowski Faculty of Geo Engineering Mining and Geology, Wroclaw University of Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; [email protected] Received: 4 November 2020; Accepted: 27 November 2020; Published: 28 November 2020 Abstract: The article presents research on the comminution of copper ore in a self-constructed mill using high-pressure water jet energy to investigate the usefulness of such a method for comminuting copper ore. As a result, ore particles are obtained that are characterized by appropriate comminution and a significant increase in their specific surface, in turn allowing for potential further processing of the mineral. A comparative analysis of the efficiency of copper ore comminution, primarily taking into account the unit energy consumption and the efficiency of the milling process, clearly indicates that the energy absorption of hydro-jet material comminuting is lower than during mechanical grinding, e.g., in a planetary ball mill. The applicability of the technique depends on the brittle nature of the host rock, e.g., it is especially appropriate for sandstone and shale ores. Keywords: copper ore comminution; hydro-jet mill; high-pressure water jet 1. Introduction Shredding processes are widely used in various fields of raw material processing. Such procedures are carried out in order to lower the costs of maintaining the cutter discs used in Tunnel Boring Machines (TBM) operating in hard rock formations [1]. They are also used to obtain fine-grained particles, sometimes even nanoparticles [2] or those that have an increased specific surface, which can be especially useful in pharmaceuticals [3]. -
Charge Calculations in Pyrometallurgical Processes
Charge Calculations in Pyrometallurgical Processes Smelting It is a unit process similar to roasting, to heat a mixture of ore concentrate above the melting point The objective is to separate the gangue mineral from liquid metal or matte The state of the gangue mineral in case of smelting is liquid which is the main difference between roasting and smelting Inputs – Ore, flux, fuel, air Output – Metal or Matte, slag, off-gas When metal is separated as sulphide from smelting of ore, it is called Matte smelting e.g. Cu2S and FeS When metal is separated as liquid, it is called reduction smelting e.g. Ironmaking Density of liquid metal or matte is around 5-5.5 g/cm3 Density of slag is around 2.8-3 g/cm3 The additives and fluxes serve to convert the waste or gangue materials in the charge into a low melting point slag which also dissolves the coke ash and removes sulphur Matte Smelting Advantages of matte smelting • Low melting point of matte so that less amount of thermal energy is required by converting the metal of the ore in the form of sulphide and then extracting the metal e.g. melting point of Cu2S and FeS is around 1000 degrees Celsius • Cu2S which is contained in the matte, does not require any reducing agent It is converted to oxide by blowing oxygen • Matte smelting is beneficial for extraction of metal from sulphide ore, particularly when sulphide ore is associated with iron sulphide which forms eutectic point with Cu and Ni The grade of the matte is defined as the copper grade of matte A matte of 40 percent means, it has 40% copper, so matte is always given in terms of copper, because it is used to produce copper not iron Slag in matte smelting is mixture of oxides e.g.