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From Base Metals and Back – Isamills and Their Advantages in African Base Metal Operations
The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Base Metals Conference 2013 H. de Waal, K. Barns, and J. Monama From base metals and back – IsaMills and their advantages in African base metal operations H. de Waal, K. Barns, and J. Monama Xstrata IsaMill™ technology was developed from Netzsch Feinmahltechnik GmbH stirred milling technology in the early 1990s to bring about a step change in grinding efficiency that was required to make Xstrata’s fine-grained lead/zinc orebodies economic to process. From small-scale machines suited to ultrafine grinding, the IsaMill™ has developed into technology that is able to treat much larger tonnages, in coarser applications, while still achieving high energy efficiency, suited for coarser more standard regrind and mainstream grinding applications. The unique design of the IsaMillTM, combining high power intensity and effective internal classification, achieves high energy efficiency and tight product distribution which can be effectively scaled from laboratory scale to full-sized models. The use of fine ceramic media also leads to significant benefits in downstream flotation and leaching operations. These benefits are key drivers for the adoption of the technology into processing a diverse range of minerals worldwide, and offer major opportunities for power reduction and improved metallurgy for the African base metal operations. Keywords: IsaMill, regrind, energy efficiency, inert grinding. Introduction The development of the IsaMillTM, by MIM (now GlencoreXstrata) and Netzsch Feinmahltechnik GmbH, was initiated to enable the development of the fine-grained ore deposits at Mt Isa and McArthur River in Northern Australia. To liberate the valuable minerals and so produce a saleable concentrate this ultrafine-grained ore needed to be ground to a P80 of 7 μm. -
A Review of Flotation Separation of Mg Carbonates (Dolomite and Magnesite)
minerals Review A Review of Flotation Separation of Mg Carbonates (Dolomite and Magnesite) Darius G. Wonyen 1,†, Varney Kromah 1,†, Borbor Gibson 1,† ID , Solomon Nah 1,† and Saeed Chehreh Chelgani 1,2,* ID 1 Department of Geology and Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Liberia, P.O. Box 9020 Monrovia, Liberia; [email protected] (D.G.W.); [email protected] (Y.K.); [email protected] (B.G.); [email protected] (S.N.) 2 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-41-6830-9356 † These authors contributed equally to the study. Received: 24 July 2018; Accepted: 13 August 2018; Published: 15 August 2018 Abstract: It is well documented that flotation has high economic viability for the beneficiation of valuable minerals when their main ore bodies contain magnesium (Mg) carbonates such as dolomite and magnesite. Flotation separation of Mg carbonates from their associated valuable minerals (AVMs) presents several challenges, and Mg carbonates have high levels of adverse effects on separation efficiency. These complexities can be attributed to various reasons: Mg carbonates are naturally hydrophilic, soluble, and exhibit similar surface characteristics as their AVMs. This study presents a compilation of various parameters, including zeta potential, pH, particle size, reagents (collectors, depressant, and modifiers), and bio-flotation, which were examined in several investigations into separating Mg carbonates from their AVMs by froth flotation. Keywords: dolomite; magnesite; flotation; bio-flotation 1. Introduction Magnesium (Mg) carbonates (salt-type minerals) are typical gangue phases associated with several valuable minerals, and have complicated processing [1,2]. -
Effects of Varied Process Parameters on Froth Flotation Efficiency: a Case Study of Itakpe Iron Ore
Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH) Vol. 39, No. 3, July 2020, pp. 807 – 815 Copyright© Faculty of Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Print ISSN: 0331-8443, Electronic ISSN: 2467-8821 www.nijotech.com http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v39i3.21 EFFECTS OF VARIED PROCESS PARAMETERS ON FROTH FLOTATION EFFICIENCY: A CASE STUDY OF ITAKPE IRON ORE S. Akande1, E. O. Ajaka2, O. O. Alabi3 and T. A. Olatunji4,* 1, 2, DEPARTMENT OF MINING ENGINEERING, FEDERAL UNIV. OF TECHNOLOGY, AKURE, ONDO STATE, NIGERIA 3, 4, DEPT. OF MET. & MATERIALS ENGINEERING, FEDERAL UNIV. OF TECHNOLOGY, AKURE, ONDO STATE, NIGERIA Email addresses: 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected], 4 [email protected] ABSTRACT The dire need for Itakpe iron ore concentrates of appreciable iron content meets for smelting operation necessitated this study. Core samples of the iron ore sourced from Itakpe, Kogi State, Nigeria were prepared for petrological analysis followed by chemical and particle size analyses. Froth flotation was done using different collectors at varying particle sizes and pH values. Characterization studies carried out revealed that Itakpe iron ore is a lean ore assaying 36.18% Fe2O3 and contains predominantly quartz, sillimanite, and haematite. Its liberation size lies favourably at 75 µm. Processing the ore by froth flotation yielded appreciable enrichment. Optimal recovery (~92%) was achieved using potassium amyl xanthate (PAX) at pH 11 for fine feed sizes (<125 µm) yielding iron concentrate assaying 67.66% Fe2O3. Thus, processing at this set-of- conditions is recommended for the industrial production of more enriched Itakpe iron ore concentrates. -
Optimisation of an Industrial Scale Ball Mill Using an Online Pulp and Ball
OPTIMISATION OF AN INDUSTRIALTown SCALE BALL MILL USING AN ONLINE PULP AND BALL LOADCape SENSOR of Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the degree of Master of Science University Pratish Keshav KSHPRA001 _______________ May 2013 Page | 1 The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgementTown of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Cape Published by the University ofof Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University ABSTRACT The secondary milling circuit at Waterval UG2 Concentrator had undergone a circuit change with the commissioning of the IsaMill, a horizontally stirred mill, in parallel with the secondary ball mill. The operation treats the PGM bearing UG2 ore type and produces a final concentrate enriched with PGM’s. The concept was to treat the finer silicate rich fraction in the IsaMill and the coarser chromite rich fraction through the ball mill. This circuit is typical of a UG2 plant in which maximum silicate with minimal chromite breakage is targeted. As a result of the circuit change an opportunity for optimisation around the industrial scale ball mill was considered for this study. Of concern in this study were new operating conditions for the mill in the changed circuit at which improved performance could be obtained. Another objective was to investigate if a difference in breakage response for the silicate and chromite fractions could be identified for different operating conditions in the ball mill. -
Softening Behaviour of Lead Sinter and Slag At
Paper Title: THE ISA-YMG LEAD SMELTING PROCESS Paper Presented at: PbZn 2005 Conference, Kyoto, Japan Authors: Bill Errington & Philip Arthur, Xstrata Technology Jikun Wang & Ying Dong, Yunnan Metallurgical Group, Date of Publication: October, 2005 For further information please contact us at [email protected] www.isasmelt.com THE ISA-YMG LEAD SMELTING PROCESS Bill Errington and Philip Arthur Xstrata Technology, Level 4, 307 Queen Street,, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia [email protected] Jikun Wang and Ying Dong Yunnan Metallurgical Group, Kunming,Yunnan, P. R. China ABSTRACT The Yunnan Metallurgical Group (YMG) has constructed a new lead-zinc smelting/refinery complex at Qujing in Yunnan Province, China. The lead smelting process combines an ISASMELT™ smelting furnace with a YMG designed blast furnace. The ISASMELT furnace produces lead bullion plus a high-lead slag that is cast into lump form and fed to the blast furnace. YMG installed a blast furnace in the 1950's to treat high lead slag produced by earlier silver operations. This furnace later treated sinter. For the present project YMG carried out trials at the pilot and commercial scale before deciding on the final blast furnace design. The ISASMELT furnace design was based on the operation of the Lead ISASMELT Plant at Mount Isa. This paper describes the development and the operation of both the ISASMELT furnace and the YMG blast furnace. This combination of new technology and remodelled traditional technology provides an economical solution to achieving an environmentally acceptable lead smelter. Key words: ISASMELT process, lead smelting, lead slag, lead blast furnace www.isasmelt.com 2 INTRODUCTION The new YMG lead smelter forms one part of a new greenfield lead/zinc smelting and refinery complex located at Qujing in Yunnan Province in China. -
Principles of Extractive Metallurgy Lectures Note
PRINCIPLES OF EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY B.TECH, 3RD SEMESTER LECTURES NOTE BY SAGAR NAYAK DR. KALI CHARAN SABAT DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING PARALA MAHARAJA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BERHAMPUR DISCLAIMER This document does not claim any originality and cannot be used as a substitute for prescribed textbooks. The information presented here is merely a collection by the author for their respective teaching assignments as an additional tool for the teaching-learning process. Various sources as mentioned at the reference of the document as well as freely available material from internet were consulted for preparing this document. The ownership of the information lies with the respective author or institutions. Further, this document is not intended to be used for commercial purpose and the faculty is not accountable for any issues, legal or otherwise, arising out of use of this document. The committee faculty members make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this document and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. BPUT SYLLABUS PRINCIPLES OF EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY (3-1-0) MODULE I (14 HOURS) Unit processes in Pyro metallurgy: Calcination and roasting, sintering, smelting, converting, reduction, smelting-reduction, Metallothermic and hydrogen reduction; distillation and other physical and chemical refining methods: Fire refining, Zone refining, Liquation and Cupellation. Small problems related to pyro metallurgy. MODULE II (14 HOURS) Unit processes in Hydrometallurgy: Leaching practice: In situ leaching, Dump and heap leaching, Percolation leaching, Agitation leaching, Purification of leach liquor, Kinetics of Leaching; Bio- leaching: Recovery of metals from Leach liquor by Solvent Extraction, Ion exchange , Precipitation and Cementation process. -
Corrosion of Refractories in Lead Smelting Reactors
CORROSION OF REFRACTORIES IN LEAD SMELTING REACTORS By LINGXUAN WEI B.Sc, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, China 1986 M.Sc, University of Science & Technology Beijing, China 1997 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF APPLIED SCIENCE in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF METALS AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH .UMB1A DECEMBER 2000 ©Lingxuan Wei, ZO0O UBC Special Collections - Thesis Authorisation Form http://www.library.ubc.ca/spcoll/thesauth.html In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. v 3 The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada Date lof 1 3/19/01 2:36 PM ABSTRACT Corrosion of refractories by slag is a complex phenomenon which, depending on the particular system, involves many processes, such as chemical wear (corrosion) and physical or mechanical wear (erosion), which may act synergistically. No single model can explain all cases of corrosion nor can it explain all corrosion mechanisms of a particular refractory in different environments, but the knowledge of the microstructure combined with the chemistry of the systems are necessary to understand the corrosion mechanism of a refractory material. -
Understanding Fluid–Rock Interactions and Lixiviant/Oxidant Behaviour for the In-Situ Recovery of Metals from Deep Ore Bodies
School of Earth and Planetary Science Department of Applied Geology Understanding Fluid–Rock Interactions and Lixiviant/Oxidant Behaviour for the In-situ Recovery of Metals from Deep Ore Bodies Tania Marcela Hidalgo Rosero This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Curtin University February 2020 1 Declaration __________________________________________________________________________ Declaration To the best of my knowledge and belief, I declare that this work of thesis contains no material published by any other person, except where due acknowledgements have been made. This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university. Tania Marcela Hidalgo Rosero Date: 28/01/2020 2 Abstract __________________________________________________________________________ Abstract In-situ recovery (ISR) processing has been recognised as a possible alternative to open- pit mining, especially for low-grade resources. In ISR, the fluid–rock interaction between the target ore and the lixiviant results in valuable- (and gangue-) metal dissolution. This interaction is achieved by the injection and recovery of fluid by means of strategically positioned wells. Although the application of ISR has become more common (ISR remains the preferential processing technique for uranium and has been applied in pilot programs for treating oxide zones in copper deposits), its application to hard-rock refractory and low-grade copper-sulfide deposits is still under development. This research is focused on the possible application of ISR to primary copper sulfides usually found as deep ores. Lixiviant/oxidant selection is an important aspect to consider during planning and operation in the ISR of copper-sulfide ores. -
Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering
Course Structure B. Tech. - Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering Applicable to those admitted through JEE from 2019 onwards Department of Fuel, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India (September - 2019) Page 1 of 41 Course Structure SEMESTER III S. Subject Subject Name Lecture Tutorial Practical Credit Contact No. ID (L) (T) (P) Hours Hours 1 FMC201 Colloids and interfacial 3 0 0 9 3 phenomena 2 FMC202 Heat and mass transfer 3 0 0 9 3 3 FMC203 Physical separation 3 0 0 9 3 processes for coal and minerals 4 FME221 Particle technology (ESO 3 0 0 9 3 1) 5 E/SO 2 E/SO 3 0 0 9 3 6 FMC251 Particle technology 0 0 2 2 2 laboratory 7 FMC252 Physical separation 0 0 2 2 2 processes laboratory Total Credit 49 19 SEMESTER IV S. Subject Subject Name Lecture Tutorial Practical Credit Contact No. ID (L) (T) (P) Hours Hours 1 FMC204 Electrochemistry and 3 0 0 9 3 corrosion 2 FMC205 Thermodynamics and 3 0 0 9 3 kinetics 3 FMC206 Phase transformation and 3 0 0 9 3 heat treatment 4 FMC207 Fine particle processing for 3 0 0 9 3 coal and minerals 5 FME222 Introduction to fuel 3 0 0 9 3 technology (ESO 3) 6 FMC253 Fine particle processing 0 0 2 2 2 laboratory 7 FMC254 Introduction to fuel 0 0 2 2 2 technology laboratory Total Credit 49 19 Page 2 of 41 SEMESTER V S. Subject Subject Name Lecture Tutorial Practical Credit Contact No. -
Mineral Engineering & Fuel Technology
MINERAL ENGINEERING & FUEL TECHNOLOGY (MME-203) 4th Semester B. Tech Dept. of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering V.S.S.university of Technology , Burla Sambalpur , odisha Person Name Designation Department involved And Email .id Course Gautam Assistant MME coordinator Behera professor [email protected] Course Co- Dinesh Assistant MME coordinator ku professor mishra , [email protected] Course Co- Avala Assistant MME coordinator Lava professor kumar [email protected] Goals of the subject 1-To impart knowledge about Mineral Processing [fundamental knowledge] 2-To teach you to “think” rather than “cook” 3-To encourage you to consider a career path in Mineral Processing Content Introduction to mineral processing(Engineering) Crushing and grinding Size separation methods Concentration methods Agglomeration techniques Fuel technology MODULE -I Introduction to mineral and mineral Engineering Mineral- a substance from which we get metal non metals or any valuables. Mineral Engineering ( branch of mme which deals with study of minerals and its processing )where the minerals is being processed to get a concentrate from which metals are extracted . Flow chat to show the relationship of mineral engineering with mining and extractive metallurgy engineering Subject covers Minerals definition MINERAL : Natural occur inorganic aggregate of metals and non metals . Or Inorganic compound having a definite chemical composition and crystal structure (atomic structure). Or minerals are the forms in which metals are found in the earth crust and as sea bed deposit depend on their reactivity with their environment, particular with oxygen , sulphur, and co2. Anything of economical value which is extracted from the earth. Characteristic of mineral 1-Minerals are homogeneous in physical and chemical composition. -
Treatment and Microscopy of Gold
TREATMENT AND MICROSCOPY OF GOLD AND BASE METAL ORES. (Script with Sketches & Tables) Short Course by R. W. Lehne April 2006 www.isogyre.com Geneva University, Department of Mineralogy CONTENTS (Script) page 1. Gold ores and their metallurgical treatment 2 1.1 Gravity processes 2 1.2 Amalgamation 2 1.3 Flotation and subsequent processes 2 1.4 Leaching processes 3 1.5 Gold extraction processes 4 1.6 Cyanide leaching vs. thio-compound leaching 5 2. Microscopy of gold ores and treatment products 5 2.1 Tasks and problems of microscopical investigations 5 2.2 Microscopy of selected gold ores and products 6 (practical exercises) 3. Base metal ores and their beneficiation 7 3.1 Flotation 7 3.2 Development of the flotation process 7 3.3 Principles and mechanisms of flotation 7 3.4 Column flotation 9 3.5 Hydrometallurgy 10 4. Microscopy of base metal ores and milling products 10 4.1 Specific tasks of microscopical investigations 11 4.2 Microscopy of selected base metal ores and milling products 13 (practical exercises) 5. Selected bibliography 14 (Sketches & Tables) Different ways of gold concentration 15 Gravity concentration of gold (Agricola) 16 Gravity concentration of gold (“Long Tom”) 17 Shaking table 18 Humphreys spiral concentrator 19 Amalgamating mills (Mexican “arrastra”, Chilean “trapiche”) 20 Pressure oxidation flowsheet 21 Chemical reactions of gold leaching and cementation 22 Cyanide solubilities of selected minerals 23 Heap leaching flowsheet 24 Carbon in pulp process 25 Complexing of gold by thio-compounds 26 Relation gold content / amount of particles in polished section 27 www.isogyre.com Economically important copper minerals 28 Common zinc minerals 29 Selection of flotation reagents 30 Design and function of a flotation cell 31 Column cell flotation 32 Flowsheet of a simple flotation process 33 Flowsheet of a selective Pb-Zn flotation 34 Locking textures 35 2 1. -
Telfer Processing Plant Upgrade – the Implementation of Additional
Telfer Processing Plant Upgrade – The Implementation of Additional Cleaning Capacity and the Regrinding of Copper and Pyrite Concentrates D R Seaman1, F Burns2, B Adamson3, B A Seaman4 and P Manton5 ABSTRACT The Telfer concentrator, located in the Great Sandy Desert of Western Australia, consists of a dual train gold/copper operation processing ore from one underground and, currently, two open pit mines with differing mineralogy. The fl otation circuit of each train was designed to operate in several modes depending on the feed mineralogy. The majority of ore mined at Telfer is processed in a sequential mode where copper minerals are fi rst fl oated into a saleable copper concentrate followed by the fl otation of an auriferous pyrite concentrate which is treated in an on-site hydrometallurgical plant (carbon-in-leach (CIL)). Gold is recovered as a gravity product within the primary grinding circuit, to the copper concentrate, and to a lesser extent, the CIL circuit. Since Telfer was re-opened, with a new concentrator, in 2004, the processing plant has struggled with poor copper concentrate grades, partially due to the excessive entrainment of non-sulfi de gangue minerals in the copper fl otation circuit and, more recently, due to composite copper particles produced when processing ore from a supplementary satellite pit that has not previously been processed through the new Telfer concentrator. Gold recoveries in the CIL circuit have also been below industry standard. This paper presents the implementation of recent changes made to the circuit to address these performance issues. The reconfi guration of the circuit has involved the installation of the following major equipment items: two ISAMills™ in ultra-fi ne grinding applications (one in the copper circuit and one in the pyrite circuit), two Jameson Cells to improve fi ne gangue rejection and a bank of 5 × Outotec TC30s to recovery copper and gold from the reground pyrite stream.