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Report of the Workshops to Present the Initial Research Findings from A FIAP/R1126(En) FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report ISSN 2070-6987 Report of the WORKSHOPS TO PRESENT THE INITIAL RESEARCH FINDINGS FROM A NATION-WIDE SURVEY AND ANALYSIS ON SOCIAL PROTECTION AND POVERTY DIMENSIONS IN SUPPORT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND POVERTY REDUCTION ON MYANMAR Nay Pyi Taw and Yangoon, Myanmar, 29–30 September 2015 FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 1126 FIAP/R1126 (En) Report of the WORKSHOPS TO PRESENT THE INITIAL RESEARCH FINDINGS FROM A NATION-WIDE SURVEY AND ANALYSIS ON SOCIAL PROTECTION AND POVERTY DIMENSIONS IN SUPPORT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN MYANMAR Nay Pyi Taw and Yangoon, Myanmar, 29–30 September 2015 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2016 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-109063-3 © FAO, 2016 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or addressed to [email protected]. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. iii PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT This is the report of the workshops held in Nay Pyi Taw and in Yangon on 29 and 30 September 2015 to discuss the findings of a nationwide survey of social protection needs and opportunities in the context of rural development and poverty reduction, with a focus on fisheries-dependent communities. Appendix 3 includes the survey commissioned by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in partnership with the Myanmar Department of Rural Development. The findings are reproduced as submitted by the authors with minor editing. The list of participants provided in Appendixes 1 and 2 reproduce the details as provided by the participants. The report was prepared by Florence Poulain, Fisheries and Aquaculture Officer, Policy and Economics Division, FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy and Mike Griffiths, Director of Research, Social Policy and Poverty Research Group (SPPRG), Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar. FAO. 2016. Report of the Workshops to present the initial research findings from a nation-wide survey and analysis on social protection and poverty dimensions in support of rural development and poverty reduction in Myanmar, Nay Pyi Taw and Yangoon, Myanmar, 29–30 September 2015. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 1126. Rome, Italy. ABSTRACT The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is exploring evidence of the linkages between poverty, social protection and natural resource management with a view to implementing programmes to empower rural communities in the transition to sustainable natural resource management and poverty reduction. In Myanmar, it commissioned analyses of social protection needs and opportunities in the context of rural development and poverty reduction with a view to enhancing understanding of the role of social protection in the transition to sustainable natural resource management and poverty reduction, with a focus on fishing communities. The analyses were conducted in collaboration with the Myanmar Department of Rural Development. The initial findings, which were discussed with state and non-state actors on 29 and 30 September 2015 in Nay Pyi Taw and Yangon, Myanmar, highlight the need for significant expansion of social protection services as a key component of rural development and for urgent interventions for households in fishing communities. Further research and methodological analysis are needed to verify the initial findings and inform rural development and poverty reduction programmes. v TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 NAY PYI TAW WORKSHOP ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Opening and introductory session.............................................................................................................................. 1 Overview of the background paper on national survey findings ............................................................................... 2 Summary of discussions ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Workshop conclusions ............................................................................................................................................... 5 YANGON WORKSHOP .............................................................................................................................................. 6 Opening and introductory session.............................................................................................................................. 6 Presentation of the findings and summary of discussions ......................................................................................... 6 Appendix 1. List of Participants, Nay Pyi Taw Workshop ............................................................................................ 8 Appendix 2. List of Participants, Yangon Workshop .................................................................................................. 13 Appendix 3. Dimensions of poverty, vulnerability, and social protection in rural communities in Myanmar ............ 16 vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The preparers of this report would like to express their gratitude to all who devoted their commitment and expertise to produce this study. In particular, we are grateful to the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and the Myanmar Department of Rural Development for their contribution in terms of technical and logistical support. Thanks are also due to the Social Policy and Poverty Research Group (SPPRG) which was contracted to undertake the survey and analysis. The contribution of the technical experts across divisions and departments within FAO is also appreciated. Nicole Franz, Daniela Kalikoski and Susana Siar of the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department all provided useful comments. The Livelihoods and Food Security Trust Fund (LIFT) is also acknowledged for the additional financial support they provided. Thanks also to Marianne Guyonnet, Olivia Liberatori and Sonia Santangelo for the final production of this publication. vii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS CESR Comprehensive Education Sector Review DRD Rural Development Department (Myanmar) DRR Disaster Risk Reduction FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FHH Households headed by women INGO International Non-Governmental Organization LIFT Livelihoods and Food Security Trust Fund MHH Households headed by men NAPA National Action Plan for Poverty Alleviation and Rural Development NGO Non-Governmental Organization PwDs Persons with disabilities SPPRG Social Policy and Poverty Research Group 1 INTRODUCTION Agriculture, fisheries and forestry are often carried out in ways that compromise the sustainability of natural resources. When faced with unemployment, sickness or exclusion, poor families tend to sell assets, shift to unsustainable fishing practices or less risky but low-yield crops, or take their children out of school to work thereby weakening future prospects. Social protection can contribute to the reduction of poverty and hunger and to resilience building while promoting inclusive and sustainable development. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is exploring evidence of the linkages between poverty, social protection and natural resource management with a view to developing instruments and programmes to enable rural communities to transition to sustainable natural resource management and poverty reduction. Despite research to assess poverty and the provision of social protection in Myanmar, knowledge about the linkages between poverty, social protection and sustainable rural development is incomplete. To address this gap, the Social Policy and Poverty Research Group (SPPRG) was contracted to carry out a nationwide survey and fieldwork to analyse social protection needs and opportunities in the context of rural development and poverty reduction. The objective was
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