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The French Revolution THE FRENCH REVOLUTION THOMAS CARLYLE∗ CONTENTS. VOLUME I. THE BASTILLE BOOK 1.I. DEATH OF LOUIS XV. Chapter 1.1.I. Louis the Well-Beloved Chapter 1.1.II. Realised Ideals Chapter 1.1.III. Viaticum Chapter 1.1.IV. Louis the Unforgotten BOOK 1.II. THE PAPER AGE ∗PDF created by pdfbooks.co.za 1 Chapter 1.2.I. Astraea Redux Chapter 1.2.II. Petition in Hieroglyphs Chapter 1.2.III. Questionable Chapter 1.2.IV. Maurepas Chapter 1.2.V. Astraea Redux without Cash Chapter 1.2.VI. Windbags Chapter 1.2.VII. Contrat Social Chapter 1.2.VIII. Printed Paper BOOK 1.III. THE PARLEMENT OF PARIS 2 Chapter 1.3.I. Dishonoured Bills Chapter 1.3.II. Controller Calonne Chapter 1.3.III. The Notables Chapter 1.3.IV. Lomenie’s Edicts Chapter 1.3.V. Lomenie’s Thunderbolts Chapter 1.3.VI. Lomenie’s Plots Chapter 1.3.VII. Internecine Chapter 1.3.VIII. Lomenie’s Death-throes Chapter 1.3.IX. Burial with Bonfire BOOK 1.IV. STATES-GENERAL 3 Chapter 1.4.I. The Notables Again Chapter 1.4.II. The Election Chapter 1.4.III. Grown Electric Chapter 1.4.IV. The Procession BOOK 1.V. THE THIRD ESTATE 4 Chapter 1.5.I. Inertia Chapter 1.5.II. Mercury de Breze Chapter 1.5.III. Broglie the War-God Chapter 1.5.IV. To Arms! Chapter 1.5.V. Give us Arms Chapter 1.5.VI. Storm and Victory Chapter 1.5.VII. Not a Revolt Chapter 1.5.VIII. Conquering your King Chapter 1.5.IX. The Lanterne Book 1.VI. CONSOLIDATION 5 Chapter 1.6.I. Make the Constitution Chapter 1.6.II. The Constituent Assembly Chapter 1.6.III. The General Overturn Chapter 1.6.IV. In Queue Chapter 1.6.V. The Fourth Estate BOOK 1.VII. THE INSURRECTION OF WOMEN 6 Chapter 1.7.I. Patrollotism Chapter 1.7.II. O Richard, O my King Chapter 1.7.III. Black Cockades Chapter 1.7.IV. The Menads Chapter 1.7.V. Usher Maillard Chapter 1.7.VI. To Versailles Chapter 1.7.VII. At Versailles Chapter 1.7.VIII. The Equal Diet Chapter 1.7.IX. Lafayette Chapter 1.7.X. The Grand Entries Chapter 1.7.XI. From Versailles VOLUME II. THE CONSTITUTION BOOK 2.I. THE FEAST OF PIKES 7 Chapter 2.1.I. In the Tuileries Chapter 2.1.II. In the Salle de Manege Chapter 2.1.III. The Muster Chapter 2.1.IV. Journalism Chapter 2.1.V. Clubbism Chapter 2.1.VI. Je le jure Chapter 2.1.VII. Prodigies Chapter 2.1.VIII. Solemn League and Covenant Chapter 2.1.IX. Symbolic Chapter 2.1.X. Mankind Chapter 2.1.XI. As in the Age of Gold Chapter 2.1.XII. Sound and Smoke BOOK 2.II. NANCI 8 Chapter 2.2.I. Bouille Chapter 2.2.II. Arrears and Aristocrats Chapter 2.2.III. Bouille at Metz Chapter 2.2.IV. Arrears at Nanci Chapter 2.2.V. Inspector Malseigne Chapter 2.2.VI. Bouille at Nanci BOOK 2.III. THE TUILERIES 9 Chapter 2.3.I. Epimenides Chapter 2.3.II. The Wakeful Chapter 2.3.III. Sword in Hand Chapter 2.3.IV. To fly or not to fly Chapter 2.3.V. The Day of Poniards Chapter 2.3.VI. Mirabeau Chapter 2.3.VII. Death of Mirabeau BOOK 2.IV. VARENNES 10 Chapter 2.4.I. Easter at Saint-Cloud Chapter 2.4.II. Easter at Paris Chapter 2.4.III. Count Fersen Chapter 2.4.IV. Attitude Chapter 2.4.V. The New Berline Chapter 2.4.VI. Old-Dragoon Drouet Chapter 2.4.VII. The Night of Spurs Chapter 2.4.VIII. The Return Chapter 2.4.IX. Sharp Shot BOOK 2.V. PARLIAMENT FIRST 11 Chapter 2.5.I. Grande Acceptation Chapter 2.5.II. The Book of the Law Chapter 2.5.III. Avignon Chapter 2.5.IV. No Sugar Chapter 2.5.V. Kings and Emigrants Chapter 2.5.VI. Brigands and Jales Chapter 2.5.VII. Constitution will not march Chapter 2.5.VIII. The Jacobins Chapter 2.5.IX. Minister Roland Chapter 2.5.X. Petion-National-Pique Chapter 2.5.XI. The Hereditary Representative Chapter 2.5.XII. Procession of the Black Breeches BOOK 2.VI. THE MARSEILLESE 12 Chapter 2.6.I. Executive that does not act Chapter 2.6.II. Let us march Chapter 2.6.III. Some Consolation to Mankind Chapter 2.6.IV. Subterranean Chapter 2.6.V. At Dinner Chapter 2.6.VI. The Steeples at Midnight Chapter 2.6.VII. The Swiss Chapter 2.6.VIII. Constitution burst in Pieces VOLUME III. THE GUILLOTINE BOOK 3.I. SEPTEMBER 13 Chapter 3.1.I. The Improvised Commune Chapter 3.1.II. Danton Chapter 3.1.III. Dumouriez Chapter 3.1.IV. September in Paris Chapter 3.1.V. A Trilogy Chapter 3.1.VI. The Circular Chapter 3.1.VII. September in Argonne Chapter 3.1.VIII. Exeunt BOOK 3.II. REGICIDE 14 Chapter 3.2.I. The Deliberative Chapter 3.2.II. The Executive Chapter 3.2.III. Discrowned Chapter 3.2.IV. The Loser pays Chapter 3.2.V. Stretching of Formulas Chapter 3.2.VI. At the Bar Chapter 3.2.VII. The Three Votings Chapter 3.2.VIII. Place de la Revolution BOOK 3.III. THE GIRONDINS 15 Chapter 3.3.I. Cause and Effect Chapter 3.3.II. Culottic and Sansculottic Chapter 3.3.III. Growing shrill Chapter 3.3.IV. Fatherland in Danger Chapter 3.3.V. Sansculottism Accoutred Chapter 3.3.VI. The Traitor Chapter 3.3.VII. In Fight Chapter 3.3.VIII. In Death-Grips Chapter 3.3.IX. Extinct BOOK 3.IV. TERROR 16 Chapter 3.4.I. Charlotte Corday Chapter 3.4.II. In Civil War Chapter 3.4.III. Retreat of the Eleven Chapter 3.4.IV. O Nature Chapter 3.4.V. Sword of Sharpness Chapter 3.4.VI. Risen against Tyrants Chapter 3.4.VII. Marie-Antoinette Chapter 3.4.VIII. The Twenty-two BOOK 3.V. TERROR THE ORDER OF THE DAY 17 Chapter 3.5.I. Rushing down Chapter 3.5.II. Death Chapter 3.5.III. Destruction Chapter 3.5.IV. Carmagnole complete Chapter 3.5.V. Like a Thunder-Cloud Chapter 3.5.VI. Do thy Duty Chapter 3.5.VII. Flame-Picture BOOK 3.VI. THERMIDOR 18 Chapter 3.6.I. The Gods are athirst Chapter 3.6.II. Danton, No weakness Chapter 3.6.III. The Tumbrils Chapter 3.6.IV. Mumbo-Jumbo Chapter 3.6.V. The Prisons Chapter 3.6.VI. To finish the Terror Chapter 3.6.VII. Go down to BOOK 3.VII. VENDEMIAIRE 19 Chapter 3.7.I. Decadent Chapter 3.7.II. La Cabarus Chapter 3.7.III. Quiberon Chapter 3.7.IV. Lion not dead Chapter 3.7.V. Lion sprawling its last Chapter 3.7.VI. Grilled Herrings Chapter 3.7.VII. The Whiff of Grapeshot THE FRENCH REVOLUTION A HISTORY By THOMAS CARLYLE VOLUME I.–THE BASTILLE BOOK 1.I. DEATH OF LOUIS XV. Chapter 1.1.I. Louis the Well-Beloved. President Henault, remarking on royal Surnames of Honour how difficult it often is to ascertain not only why, but even when, they were conferred, takes occasion in his sleek official way, to make a philosophical reflection. ’The Surname of Bien-aime (Well-beloved),’ says he, ’which 20 Louis XV. bears, will not leave posterity in the same doubt. This Prince, in the year 1744, while hastening from one end of his kingdom to the other, and suspending his conquests in Flanders that he might fly to the assistance of Alsace, was arrested at Metz by a malady which threatened to cut short his days. At the news of this, Paris, all in terror, seemed a city taken by storm: the churches resounded with supplications and groans; the prayers of priests and people were every moment interrupted by their sobs: and it was from an interest so dear and tender that this Surname of Bien-aime fashioned itself, a title higher still than all the rest which this great Prince has earned.’ (Abrege Chronologique de l’Histoire de France (Paris, 1775), p. 701.) So stands it written; in lasting memorial of that year 1744. Thirty other years have come and gone; and ’this great Prince’ again lies sick; but in how altered circumstances now! Churches resound not with excessive groanings; Paris is stoically calm: sobs interrupt no prayers, for indeed none are offered; except Priests’ Litanies, read or chanted at fixed money- rate per hour, which are not liable to interruption. The shepherd of the people has been carried home from Little Trianon, heavy of heart, and been put to bed in his own Chateau of Versailles: the flock knows it, and heeds it not. At most, in the immeasurable tide of French Speech (which ceases not day after day, and only ebbs towards the short hours of night), may this of the royal sickness emerge from time to time as an article of news. Bets are doubtless depending; nay, some people ’express themselves loudly in the streets.’ (Memoires de M. le Baron Besenval (Paris, 1805), ii. 59- 90.) But for the rest, on green field and steepled city, the May sun shines out, the May evening fades; and men ply their useful or useless business as if no Louis lay in danger. Dame Dubarry, indeed, might pray, if she had a talent for it; Duke d’Aiguillon too, Maupeou and the Parlement Maupeou: these, as they sit in their high places, with France harnessed under their feet, know well on what basis they continue there.
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