PAKISTAN NORD Il Festival Uchal Dei Kalash Tra Etnie, Siti Archeologici, Laghi E Montagne 16 Giorni

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PAKISTAN NORD Il Festival Uchal Dei Kalash Tra Etnie, Siti Archeologici, Laghi E Montagne 16 Giorni PAKISTAN NORD Il Festival Uchal dei Kalash Tra etnie, siti archeologici, laghi e montagne 16 giorni Straordinario viaggio nel nord del Pakistan, in occasione del Festival Uchal dei Kalash, celebrato ogni anno in Agosto e dedicato al raccolto del grano e dell’orzo. Nell’estremo nord-ovest del paese si trovano tre anguste e recondite valli di alta montagna che si insinuano fra le pendici dell’Hindukush. Vi risiede una popolazione estremamente periferica e poco numerosa che, per i suoi caratteri storici e culturali, va annoverata tra le più interessanti di cui si possa occupare l’etnografia: si tratta del popolo dei Kalash, seguace di un’antica religione politeista di origini ancora sconosciute, noto anche con il nome di Kafiri, il termine usato dai musulmani per connotare gli infedeli. I Kalash prendono molto sul serio le loro feste che comportano invariabilmente complicate cerimonie religiose, danze e festeggiamenti. Ogni valle ha le sue tradizioni specifiche, ma in genere gli uomini anziani stanno al centro, cantando a turno vecchie leggende, mentre le donne, accompagnate dai tamburi, danzano intorno a loro, con le braccia sulla vita o sulle spalle delle compagne, girando in linee concentriche… La valle dello Swat, culla della raffinata arte del Gandhara; l’isolata valle del Chitral, dominata dal massiccio del Tirich Mir (7.706 m); le ampie vedute del Rakaposhi (7.790 m) e del Nanga Parbat (8.126), tra le più alte vette del pianeta; la valle dell’Hunza, che incarna il mito dello Shangri-La; le rovine dei siti buddhisti di Takht-i-Bahi e Taxila, Patrimonio dell’Umanità UNESCO… I grandi contrasti del paesaggio del nord del Pakistan sono uguagliati solo dalle diverse culture dei suoi popoli che da sempre vivono nel “crocevia” dell’Asia. PROGRAMMA DI VIAGGIO - Partenza dell’11 Agosto 2021 in occasione del Festival Uchal dei Kalash. 1° giorno / Italia – Islamabad Partenza nel primo pomeriggio da Milano Malpensa con volo di linea Turkish Airlines via Istanbul per Islamabad. Cena a bordo. 2° giorno / Islamabad – Taxila – Abbottabad (circa 125 km) Uno dei più importanti siti archeologici di tutta l’Asia Arrivo a Islamabad in nottata, disbrigo delle formalità d’ingresso, accoglienza da parte dell’organizzazione locale e trasferimento in hotel per un breve riposo. Dopo la prima colazione partenza verso ovest per la visita delle rovine di Taxila, Patrimonio dell’Umanità UNESCO, una delle più importanti città dell’antichità, per secoli centro politico e culturale dei vari regni dell’India del Nord. Visita dei principali siti di interesse: il Museo di Taxila, dove sono esposti i resti rinvenuti negli scavi: sculture Ghandara, rilievi di stucco, immagini di terracotta, sigilli, oggetti in vetro, gioielli, ceramiche, utensili d’argento, scrigni, manoscritti e una vasta collezione di monete; il grande Stupa di Dharmarajika, chiamato anche Chir (spaccatura) Tope, per via dei cercatori di tesori che nei secoli passati hanno diviso la cupola in due parti; la città greco-battriana di Sirkap. Si prosegue verso nord-est per Abbottabad (1.220 m), capitale dell’Hazara, fondata intorno al 1850 come guarnigione inglese. Pernottamento in hotel. Pasti: colazione in hotel, pranzo in ristorante locale, cena in hotel. La città di Taxila fu fondata all’incrocio delle tre importanti vie commerciali dell’epoca: della Bactriana verso l’Asia centrale, del Kashmir verso l’India e del Passo Khunjerab verso la Cina. Nel VI secolo a.C. fu annessa all’Impero Persiano da Dario, poi a quello Macedone di Alessandro Magno nel 326 prima d’essere conquistata da Chandragupta, il fondatore dell’Impero Mauria. Ashoka, il figlio di questo, la trasformò in un importante centro buddhista fino a portarla a essere una delle maggiori università vediche, di buddhismo e di classicismo indù. Gli scavi archeologici hanno portato alla luce tre città distinte, più una serie sparsa di stupa, templi e monasteri. 3° giorno / Abbottabad – Naran – Babusar Pass – Chilas (circa 260 km) La scenografica valle di Kaghan, gli alti pascoli dell’Hazara, i nomadi gujar Dopo la prima colazione partenza verso nord, a est del fiume Indo e quindi della Karakorum Highway, lungo la Valle di Kaghan. Percorrendo la strada tra i boschi si vedono sfilare in alto le maestose vette innevate del Koh-i-Makra (3.900 m), il “Monte Ragno”, e del Malika Parbat (5.290 m), la “Regina delle Montagne”. Arrivo a Naran (2.400 m), senza dubbio il centro più attivo della valle di Kaghan, anche se durante l’inverno gli abitanti si trasferiscono a valle nel più mite clima di Balakot. Si continua verso nord per Chilas attraverso i pascoli del Lalazar Plateau. Si costeggia il lago Lulusar, il lago naturale più grande della zona, da cui ha origine il fiume Kunhar. Se fortunati si possono incontrare gli accampamenti dei nomadi gujar che si spostano con i loro animali negli alti pascoli dell’Hazara. In fondo alla valle si trova il Babusar Pass (4.175 m). Fino all’inaugurazione della Karakorum Highway, il Babusar Pass rappresentava l’unica via di collegamento tra le Aree Settentrionali e il resto del Pakistan. Arrivo a Chilas (950 m), una volta conosciuta come Sonamagar “Città della Luna”, tappa fondamentale della strada carovaniera che collegava la pianura a Gilgit. Pernottamento in hotel. Pasti: colazione in hotel, pranzo in ristorante locale, cena in hotel. 4° giorno / Chilas – Gilgit – Karimabad – Duiker (circa 240 km) Le incisioni rupestri lungo l’antica Via della Seta, lungo la Karakorum Highway, il profilo del Nanga Parbat Dopo la prima colazione partenza verso nord-est, percorrendo la Karakorum Highway che costeggia l’Indo, fino a scorgere il profilo del Nanga Parbat, nona montagna al mondo per i suoi 8.125 metri d’altitudine, Diamir è la sua denominazione locale. La vetta in estate è spesso coperta di nubi perché rappresenta l’ultimo baluardo contro il monsone. Si prosegue verso nord per Karimabad, via Gilgit, seguendo il corso serpeggiante del fiume Hunza tra maestose montagne grigio-marroni e vette innevate. Le zone più basse della valle sono scure e severe, nonostante siano abbellite da pioppi e frutteti in primavera e in autunno. Più si sale però e più il panorama acquista bellezza: sopra i 2.000 metri molte nala (parola urdu per “gole di affluenti”) alimentate da ghiacciai ospitano foreste di pini e ginepri e prati lussureggianti. Arrivo a Karimabad, principale cittadina della Valle dell’Hunza, che ricomprende Baltit, l’antica capitale dell’Hunza, e il complesso di piccoli villaggi tribali circostanti. Il suo nome deriva dal principe Karim Agha Khan, il capo spirituale della setta Nazari degli sciiti- ismailiti. Si prosegue per il vicino villaggio di Duiker a circa 3.000 metri di altitudine. Le magnifiche vedute sulla valle e sulla corona di montagne circostanti (Rakaposhi, Diran, Golden Peak, Ultar) rendono questo luogo davvero straordinario. Pernottamento in resort. Pasti: colazione in hotel, pranzo in ristorante locale, cena in resort. Le incisioni rupestri lungo la Via della Seta Già nel II secolo a.C. un’importante ramo della Via della Seta passava di qui. Mercanti, missionari buddhisti e pellegrini si muovevano tra la Cina e le regioni di Gandhara e viceversa. L’impronta dell’uomo è confermata in tutte le epoche dalle sculture e incisioni rupestri che si rincorrono lungo il percorso della Karakorum Highway e che dimostrano come questa via in mezzo ad aspre e solitarie montagne sia stata per secoli l’arteria culturale del Pakistan. La più alta concentrazione di incisioni rupestri lungo l’intera Via della Seta si trova nei pressi di Chilas: ruote, cavalieri, asce, stambecchi, bodhisattva, stupa, nomi, preghiere etc. 5° giorno / Duiker – Altit – Baltit – Karimabad (circa 30 km) Il panorama mozzafiato dall’Eagle’s Nest, la Valle dell’Hunza Sveglia all’alba (opzionale) per osservare le meravigliose montagne, coperte di ghiacciai, illuminate dalle prime luci del sole. Dopo la prima colazione visita del magnifico forte e del bazar di Baltit. Camminata nei dintorni per osservare i caratteristici canali di pietra dai quali dipende la vita della valle. Trasportando l’acqua dalle gole montane a chilometri di distanza fino ai piccoli campi in prossimità degli abitati, questi canali hanno consentito di trasformare un deserto, quasi del tutto privo di superfici orizzontali, in una zona fertile. Nel pomeriggio visita del villaggio di Altit, con il suo imponente forte recentemente restaurato, una miniatura del Baltit Fort. Sistemazione in hotel a Karimabad (2.400 m). Visita della jamaat khana, la sala della comunità ismailita, e del bazar. Pernottamento in hotel. Pasti: colazione in hotel, pranzo con lunch-box, cena in hotel. Famosa per la sua bellezza, la Valle dell’Hunza è nota anche per la particolare immagine che la vuole pura e isolata; questo mito è stato rafforzato dal romanzo “Lost Horizon”, di James Hilton (1933), e da una serie di leggende e film sul regno perduto di Shangri-La diffusi dai media negli anni ’70. Al centro dei racconti vi erano sempre la straordinaria salute e la longevità degli abitanti di questa zona. Le ripide pareti delle montagne sono coltivate con arditi terrazzamenti sui quali prevale la coltura dell’albicocco, il cui frutto essiccato al sole è fra gli alimenti principali della dieta del popolo hunza. Hunza mantenne l’indipendenza e l’isolamento fino all’arrivo delle truppe britanniche, vivendo di scambi e baratti con le carovane che passavano per la Via della Seta. Il Forte di Baltit, che sorge su una sporgenza di roccia simile a un trono, con la Ultar Nala alle spalle, è sempre stato il cuore del regno. Il forte è stato usato come palazzo reale, dalla famiglia dei mir locali, per più di 750 anni, fino al secolo scorso. Le costruzioni più antiche risalgono al XIII secolo ma l’aspetto attuale si deve al mir Nazim Khan che rinnovò alcune stanze, aggiunse una piattaforma sul tetto e rivestì di calce i muri esterni aumentando notevolmente l’impatto visivo del forte su tutta la vallata.
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