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European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere ESO
European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere ESO Description The ESO (European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere) is a globally recognised intergovernmental body that builds and operates Earth-based astronomy research facilities and involves the majo- rity of the European States. Currently, the ESO has 14 Member States: Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Den- mark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United King- dom. It was established in 1962 and its headquarters are in Garching, Germany. The German offices are responsible for managing and carrying out most of the administrative, scientific and tech- nological tasks of the Organisation. Garching has laboratories which are used to develop technologies applied to the 94 sophisticated scientific observation instruments used in the telescopes, as well as integration rooms for them. It is also home to the ESO scientific archive which contains all astronomical observation data obtained at the observa- tories, which can be accessed on the Internet. e (ESO) ESO observation programme: instrumental equipment n Hemispher her The ESO selected Chile to build the first observatory, primarily due to the exceptional atmospheric conditions for astronomy and the possibility of accessing the sky in the Southern Hemisphere. The telescopes are set up in three he Sout locations: La Silla, Cerro Paranal and El Llano de Chajnantor. Although the ESO identifies its operational facilities in h in t Chile as a single observatory for functional purposes, they should be considered separately for description purpo- esearc ses. onomical R tr La Silla or As La Silla, located 600 km north of Santiago de Chile at an altitude of 2,400 m, was the site chosen by the ESO to set up its first facilities. -
United States Securities and Exchange Commission Washington, D.C
Table of Contents As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 8, 2007 Registration No. 333-140224 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 AMENDMENT NO.1 TO FORM S-4 REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 Intelsat (Bermuda), Ltd. (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter) Bermuda 4899 98-0348066 (State or Other Jurisdiction of (Primary Standard Industrial (I.R.S. Employer Incorporation or Organization) Classification Code Number) Identification Number) Wellesley House North, 2nd Floor, 90 Pitts Bay Road, Pembroke HM 08, Bermuda (441) 294-1650 (Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices) Intelsat, Ltd. (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter) Bermuda 4899 98-0346003 (State or Other Jurisdiction of (Primary Standard Industrial (I.R.S. Employer Incorporation or Organization) Classification Code Number) Identification Number) Wellesley House North, 2nd Floor, 90 Pitts Bay Road, Pembroke HM 08, Bermuda (441) 294-1650 (Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices) Intelsat Subsidiary Holding Company, Ltd. (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter) Bermuda 4899 98-0446524 (State or Other Jurisdiction of (Primary Standard Industrial (I.R.S. Employer Incorporation or Organization) Classification Code Number) Identification Number) Wellesley House North, 2nd Floor, 90 Pitts Bay Road, Pembroke HM 08, Bermuda (441) 294-1650 (Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices) Intelsat Holdings LLC (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter) Delaware 4899 98-0348066 (State or Other Jurisdiction of (Primary Standard Industrial (I.R.S. -
INTELSAT: Greater Price Flexibility to Preserve the System Thomas B
American University International Law Review Volume 3 | Issue 2 Article 3 1988 INTELSAT: Greater Price Flexibility to Preserve the System Thomas B. Bacon Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/auilr Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Bacon, Thomas B. "INTELSAT: Greater Price Flexibility to Preserve the System." American University International Law Review 3, no. 2 (1988): 383-417. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in American University International Law Review by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NOTES AND COMMENTS INTELSAT: GREATER PRICE FLEXIBILITY TO PRESERVE THE SYSTEM Thomas B. Bacon* INTRODUCTION Telecommunications is probably the most international of industries.' An international telecommunications system provides the vehicle for in- creased international global communication, understanding, and coop- eration.2 Telecommunications now plays such an integral role in rela- tionships among nations that alterations in the telecommunications structure result in world-wide economic changes.3 Modern telecommu- nication systems provide for the order, shipment, and delivery of goods in international trade; facilitate the international financial flows neces- sary for investment and management of foreign assets; and allow the efficient production of goods manufactured and assembled in more than one country.4 The United States depends heavily on a working interna- * J.D. Candidate, 1989, Washington College of Law, The American University. -
Legri Operations. Detectors and Detector Stability
LEGRI OPERATIONS. DETECTORS AND DETECTOR STABILITY V. REGLERO1, F. BALLESTEROS3,P.BLAY1, E. PORRAS2, F. SÁNCHEZ2 and J. SUSO1 1 GACE, Instituto de Ciencias de los Materiales, Universidad de Valencia, P.O. Box 2085, 46071 Valencia, Spain 2 Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Spanish Council of Scientific Research - University of Valencia, Edificio de Institutos de Paterna, P.0. Box 2085, E-4 6071 Valencia, Spain 3 Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica aeorespacial (INTA), Ctra. de Ajalvir Km. 14, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain Abstract. Two years after launch (04.21.97), LEGRI is operating on Minisat-01 in a LEO orbit. The LEGRI detector plane is formed by two type of gamma-ray solid state detectors: HgI2 and CdZnTe. Detectors are embedded in a box containing the FEE and DFE electronics. This box provides an effective detector passive shielding. Detector plane is multiplexed by a Coded Aperture System ◦ ◦ located at 54 cm and a Ta Collimator with a FCFOV of 22 and 2 angular resolution. The aim of this paper is to summarize the detector behaviour in three different time scales: before launch, during the in-orbit check-out period (IOC), and after two years of routine operation in space. Main results can be summarized as follows: A large fraction of the HgI2 detectors presented during LEGRI IOC very high count ratios from their first switch-on (May 1997). Therefore, they induced saturation in the on-board mass memory. After some unsuccessful attempts to reduce the count ratios by setting up different thresholds during LEGRI IOC, all of them were switched off except nine detectors in column 4, with a higher degree of stability. -
Nos. 13-1231 & 13-1232 Washington, D.C. 20530
USCA Case #13-1231 Document #1472126 Filed: 12/23/2013 Page 1 of 98 ORAL ARGUMENT NOT YET SCHEDULED BRIEF FOR RESPONDENTS IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT NOS. 13-1231 & 13-1232 SPECTRUM FIVE LLC, APPELLANT, V. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION, APPELLEE. SPECTRUM FIVE LLC, PETITIONER, V. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION AND UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, RESPONDENTS. ON APPEAL FROM AND PETITION FOR REVIEW OF AN ORDER OF THE FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION WILLIAM J. BAER JONATHAN B. SALLET ASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL ACTING GENERAL COUNSEL ROBERT B. NICHOLSON JACOB M. LEWIS ROBERT J. WIGGERS ASSOCIATE GENERAL COUNSEL ATTORNEYS MATTHEW J. DUNNE UNITED STATES COUNSEL DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE WASHINGTON, D.C. 20530 FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20554 (202) 418-1740 USCA Case #13-1231 Document #1472126 Filed: 12/23/2013 Page 2 of 98 CERTIFICATE AS TO PARTIES, RULINGS, AND RELATED CASES Pursuant to D.C. Circuit Rule 28(a)(1), Appellee/Respondent the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) and Respondent the United States certify as follows: 1. Parties. The parties appearing before the FCC were DIRECTV Enterprises, LLC; EchoStar Satellite Operating Corporation; the Government of Bermuda; Radiocommunications Agency Netherlands; SES S.A.; and Spectrum Five LLC. The parties appearing before this Court are Appellant/Petitioner Spectrum Five LLC; Appelle/Respondent the FCC; Respondent the United States in No. 13-1232 only; and Intervenor EchoStar Satellite Operating Corporation. 2. Ruling under review. The ruling under review is Memorandum Opinion and Order, EchoStar Satellite Operating Company; Application for Special Temporary Authority Relating to Moving the EchoStar 6 Satellite from the 77° W.L. -
Name NORAD ID Int'l Code Launch Date Period [Minutes] Longitude LES 9 MARISAT 2 ESIAFI 1 (COMSTAR 4) SATCOM C5 TDRS 1 NATO 3D AR
Name NORAD ID Int'l Code Launch date Period [minutes] Longitude LES 9 8747 1976-023B Mar 15, 1976 1436.1 105.8° W MARISAT 2 9478 1976-101A Oct 14, 1976 1475.5 10.8° E ESIAFI 1 (COMSTAR 4) 12309 1981-018A Feb 21, 1981 1436.3 75.2° E SATCOM C5 13631 1982-105A Oct 28, 1982 1436.1 104.7° W TDRS 1 13969 1983-026B Apr 4, 1983 1436 49.3° W NATO 3D 15391 1984-115A Nov 14, 1984 1516.6 34.6° E ARABSAT 1A 15560 1985-015A Feb 8, 1985 1433.9 169.9° W NAHUEL I1 (ANIK C1) 15642 1985-028B Apr 12, 1985 1444.9 18.6° E GSTAR 1 15677 1985-035A May 8, 1985 1436.1 105.3° W INTELSAT 511 15873 1985-055A Jun 30, 1985 1438.8 75.3° E GOES 7 17561 1987-022A Feb 26, 1987 1435.7 176.4° W OPTUS A3 (AUSSAT 3) 18350 1987-078A Sep 16, 1987 1455.9 109.5° W GSTAR 3 19483 1988-081A Sep 8, 1988 1436.1 104.8° W TDRS 3 19548 1988-091B Sep 29, 1988 1424.4 84.7° E ASTRA 1A 19688 1988-109B Dec 11, 1988 1464.4 168.5° E TDRS 4 19883 1989-021B Mar 13, 1989 1436.1 45.3° W INTELSAT 602 20315 1989-087A Oct 27, 1989 1436.1 177.9° E LEASAT 5 20410 1990-002B Jan 9, 1990 1436.1 100.3° E INTELSAT 603 20523 1990-021A Mar 14, 1990 1436.1 19.8° W ASIASAT 1 20558 1990-030A Apr 7, 1990 1450.9 94.4° E INSAT 1D 20643 1990-051A Jun 12, 1990 1435.9 76.9° E INTELSAT 604 20667 1990-056A Jun 23, 1990 1462.9 164.4° E COSMOS 2085 20693 1990-061A Jul 18, 1990 1436.2 76.4° E EUTELSAT 2-F1 20777 1990-079B Aug 30, 1990 1449.5 30.6° E SKYNET 4C 20776 1990-079A Aug 30, 1990 1436.1 13.6° E GALAXY 6 20873 1990-091B Oct 12, 1990 1443.3 115.5° W SBS 6 20872 1990-091A Oct 12, 1990 1454.6 27.4° W INMARSAT 2-F1 20918 -
Military Use of Commercial Communication Satellites: a New Look at the Outer Space Treaty and Peaceful Purposes Richard A
Journal of Air Law and Commerce Volume 60 | Issue 1 Article 4 1994 Military Use of Commercial Communication Satellites: A New Look at the Outer Space Treaty and Peaceful Purposes Richard A. Morgan Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.smu.edu/jalc Recommended Citation Richard A. Morgan, Military Use of Commercial Communication Satellites: A New Look at the Outer Space Treaty and Peaceful Purposes, 60 J. Air L. & Com. 237 (1994) https://scholar.smu.edu/jalc/vol60/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at SMU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Air Law and Commerce by an authorized administrator of SMU Scholar. For more information, please visit http://digitalrepository.smu.edu. MILITARY USE OF COMMERCIAL COMMUNICATION SATELLITES: A NEW LOOK AT THE OUTER SPACE TREATY AND "PEACEFUL PURPOSES" RICHARD A. MORGAN* TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ..................................... 239 PART I. MILITARY SATELLITE USAGE ............. 243 A. MILITARY SATELLITE USAGE BY ILLUSTRATIVE COUNTRIES ................................. 244 1. Defense Policies .......................... 244 2. Country-by-Country Usage ................ 246 3. United States Military Satellites ........... 248 4. Former Soviet Union's Military Satellites... 251 B. COMMERCIAL COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE SERVICES .................................... 252 1. INTELSAT Services ...................... 252 2. INMARSAT Services ..................... 256 3. Regional Commercial Satellite Services ..... 260 4. Other Commercial Satellite Services ........ 261 C. MILITARY SATELLITE USE DURING REGIONAL CONFLICTS .................................. 265 D. DoD's DRIVE TowARD COMMERCIAL SATELLITE USAGE ........................... 270 PART II. INMARSAT, INTELSAT & COMSAT ....... 276 * Legal advisor to the United States National Communications System (NCS) and Associate Regulatory Counsel (Telecommunications) to the U.S. Defense Depart- ment; LL.M. -
Satellite TV Conferencing Setup PROCEDURE
PROCEDURE Satellite TV Conferencing Setup PRIMARY Satellite TV Connections KNOWLEDGE AREA Prerequisites: The operator should know the following information before beginning: Satellite channel of the conference broadcast Phone number of conference contact in case of technical difficulties before or during the broadcast Overview: This document is for use in preparing for a satellite TV system video conference to be viewed at the college or for any other authorized and approved use of the system. The document may also be used in cases were the satellite receiver connections have become loose or inadvertently disconnected and need to be reconnected. There is a hardcopy “DSR 922 Operator’s Guide” located in the room with the satellite receiver box that provides additional detailed information about the box. Also, check the General Instrument web site for any additional information that may be posted there. Repair Contact: Satellite dish repair person: Rick Faulkner 67 Salem Street Wilmington, MA 01887 (413) 246-9789 (cell) (978) 694-1549 (home) Company: NWS 1-800-562-7081 PROCEDURE: The satellite receiver is located in room 110 (first floor) of the North Academic Building on the Bedford campus. The receiver is usually on a large steel cabinet on a shelf below the television that is being used with the receiver. Version: 1.0 Release Date: May 2004 Connecting the Satellite Receiver Box Figure 1 There are over a dozen connections that must be properly made to the back of the DSR 922 receiver. This section of the document describes those connections. Beginning on the far-right side and moving from right to left, the following cables and cords should be securely connected to the back of the receiver. -
Federal Communications Commission DA 01-513 Before
Federal Communications Commission DA 01-513 Before the FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) New Skies Satellites N.V. ) File No. SAT-PDR-19991227-00130 ) Petition for Declaratory Ruling ) ORDER Adopted: March 27, 2001 Released: March 29, 2001 By the Chief, Satellite and Radiocommunication Division, International Bureau: I. INTRODUCTION 1. In this Order, we add four satellites currently operated by New Skies Satellites, N.V. (New Skies) to the "Permitted Space Station List."1 The Permitted Space Station List denotes all satellites with which U.S. earth stations with "routinely" authorized technical parameters are permitted to communicate without additional Commission action, provided that those communications fall within the same technical parameters and conditions established in the earth stations' licenses. As a result of this action, "routine" earth stations will be able to communicate with any or all of these four New Skies satellites. This should stimulate competition in the United States, provide consumers more alternatives in choosing communications providers and services, reduce prices, and facilitate technological innovation. II. BACKGROUND 2. The Commission's DISCO II Order adopted a framework under which the Commission would consider requests for non-U.S. satellite systems to serve the United States.2 To implement this framework, the Commission, among other things, established a procedure by which a service provider in the United States could request immediate access to a foreign in-orbit satellite that would serve the U.S. market.3 In the DISCO II First Reconsideration Order, the Commission streamlined this process by doing two things. First, it allowed the operators of in-orbit non-U.S. -
Satellite Technology
SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS Second Edition Anil K. Maini Varsha Agrawal Both of Laser Science and Technology Centre, Defence Research and Development Organization, Ministry of Defence, India This edition first published 2011 ©2011 John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Registered office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com. The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. -
Astronomy and Astrophysics in Comunidad De Madrid: Research and Technology
Astronomy and Astrophysics in Comunidad de Madrid: Research and Technology Prepared by the AstroMadrid Steering Committee v 1.0 October 2013 AstroMadrid: Astrophysics and technology development in Comunidad de Madrid is funded by Consejería de Juventud, Educación y Deportes at Comunidad de Madrid, with reference S2009/ESP-1496 INDEX - Introduction - Research groups Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Department of Earth Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics II. Extragalactic Astrophysics. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Department of Earth Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics II. Stellar Astrophysics. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Department of Earth Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics II. Instrumentation. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Department of Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Physics. Astroparticle Physics. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Department of Earth Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics I. Astronomy and Geodesy. AEGORA (Astronomía Espacial y Gestión Óptima de Recursos Astronómicos). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Department of Theoretical Physics. Astrophysics Group Universidad de Alcalá. Space Plasmas & Astroparticle Group. Universidad de Alcalá. Space Research Group (SRG-UAH). Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Faculty of Computing Sciences. Collaborative Learning Group Ciclope. Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA). Department of Astrophysics. Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA). Department of Astrophysics. Virtual Observatory. Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA). Department of Instrumentation. Instituto Nacional -
Unified View of Stellar Winds in Massive X-Ray Binaries
Unified View of Stellar Winds in Massive X-ray Binaries Team Leader: S. Mart´ınez Nu´ nez,˜ University of Alicante, Spain. Abstract We propose to bring together specialists for winds from massive stars and observers of High-Mass X-ray Binary (HMXB) systems for two meetings at ISSI in order to review the state-of-the-art in observations and modeling and to develop a unified view on the physics of the stellar winds in these systems. The aim of the meetings is to define a general strategy on what can be learned from each other and also to explicitly advance towards a unified picture of massive star outflows in single stars and X-ray binaries. 1 Scientific rationale, goals and timeliness of the project The birth, life, and death of massive stars (Minitial > 10 M ) are deeply interwoven with the evolution ⊙ of star clusters and galaxies. Massive stars generate most of the ultraviolet radiation of galaxies – the whole Universe was re-ionized with the help of the first (super)massive stars – and power their infrared luminosities. Massive star winds and final explosions as supernovae provide a significant input of me- chanical and radiative energy into the interstellar medium, and play a crucial role in the evolution of star clusters and galaxies (Kudritzki 2002). Thus, massive stars are among the most important cosmic en- gines: they trigger the star formation and, together with low-mass stars, enrich the interstellar medium with the heavy elements but on short time scales, ultimately leading to formation of Earth-like plan- ets and development of life.