Gia Skill Study Ge

GE GIA SKILL STUDY Complete Edition GEORGIA DEPARTMEN rc F LABOR BEN T. HUIET EMPLOYMENT SECUR TY AGENCY COMMISSIONER ANALYSIS OF GEORGIA'S TECHNICAL, SKILLED, AND CLERICAL LABOR REQUIREMENTS AND TRAINING NEEDS 1962 to 1967 by Dr. John L. Fulmer Project Director and Professor and Dr. Robert E. Green Assistant Project Director and Assistant Professor Both of the Faculty School of Industrial Management Georgia Institute of Technology March 15, 1963 Georgia Department of Labor Ben T. Huiet Employment Security Agency Commissioner Contract A-636 SPONSORING COMMITTEE Mr. L. L. Austin, Director Retail Merchants Association Retail Automobile Dealers Association Mr. Walter T. Cates Executive Vice President Georgia State Chamber of Commerce Mr. Clifford Clarke Executive Vice President Associated Industries of Georgia Mr. J. W. Fanning, Director Institute for Community & Area Development University of Georgia Mr. T. M. Forbes Executive Vice President Georgia Textile Manufacturers Association Mr. Elmer George Executive Director Georgia Municipal Association Mr. Hill Healan Executive Director Association of County Commissioners of Georgia Mr. J. O. Long Georgia State Supervisor U.S. Bureau of Apprenticeship & Training Mr. Jack J. Minter, Director Georgia Department of Commerce Mr. 0. L. Shelton Executive Vice President & General Manager Atlanta Chamber of Commerce Mr. E. A. Yates, Jr., Vice President Georgia Power Company ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people contributed importantly to this study. In fact, it could not have been possible at all without the interest and support of Commissioner Ben T. Huiet, Georgia Department of Labor, and Mr. Marion Williamson, Director, Employment Security Agency, Georgia Department of Labor. The assistance and advice of Mr. 0. H. Stephenson, Chief, Reports and Analysis Section, Employment Security Agency, on the questionnaires, editing, and machine tabulation were invaluable and the authors express here a deep sense of gratitude to Mr. Stephenson, a technician par excellence. We are greatly indebted to Mrs. Maria M. Mallet, Assistant Chief, Reports and Analysis Section, Employment Security Agency, for her excellent help on publicity and questionnaire follow-up. Her untiring efforts to get the various manuscripts in published form were invaluable. Our sincere appreciation is extended to Messrs. Jack P. Nix and William M. Hicks, Georgia Department of Education, for interest, enthusiasm, and counsel on the various aspects of the study. We are also grateful for the help of the sponsoring committee, listed on the preceeding page, who publicized the report and otherwise helped get the questionnaires returned. We should like to mention especially the fine work of Messrs. Walter Cates, Paul Miller, Elmer George, and Hill Healan, who wrote numerous letters in support of the questionnaire and the interviews. We acknowledge a great debt of gratitude to personnel of the Rich Electronic Computer Center, Georgia Tech, especially Professor Charlie Reed, who programmed the sample inflation and the print-outs so efficiently and elegantly. We are sincerely grateful to following persons who read critically portions of the manuscript: Mr. L. V. Johnson, Director Georgia Tech Extension Division Mr. Roy A. Martin, Special Research Engineer Engineering Experiment Station Georgia Tech Dr. Wm. B. Harrison, III., Director Nuclear Physics Department Engineering Experiment Station Georgia Tech Professor Leonard H. Taylor Southern Technical Institute Professor Jesse J. Defore Southern Technical Institute Our sincere appreciation is here extended to all those personnel, pay- roll people and others in each company who worked hard to get the rather long questionnaires filled out despite summer vacations. Without their help in getting to us complete and accurate information on the current use and future requirements of skilled, technical and clerical workers in their companies, this study would not have been possible. The report in final form, its accuracy, set up, and general appearance was the prime responsibility of our efficient secretary, Miss Alice Glover, who labored through many revisions without complaint. We sincerely appreciate her fine work in typing the manuscript in final form. Finally and most important of all, this study could not have been at all possible without financial assistance and counsel from the Bureau of Employment Security, U. S. Department of Labor. We are especially grateful to Messrs. Levine, Chavrid, and Cappio for advice and many helpful suggestions on various aspects of the study. - iv- CONTENTS Page Sponsoring Committee ii Acknowledgements iii Highlights of the Study 1 A. Conclusions and Recommendations 1 B. Brief Digest of Findings 4 I. Introduction 10 A. Objectives 12 B. Areas in the Study 12 C. Brief Methodology 13 D. Limitations of Study 15 II. Technical Workers in Georgia 17 A. Trends in Georgia's College, Technical, and Skilled Workers 17 B. Force of Technological Change 20 III. Growth Expectations of Sample Firms 22 IV. Characteristics of the Universe Sampled 26 A. Age and Sex of Skilled Workers 27 B. Comparison of Expected and Projected Employment 29 C. Estimated Employer Demand and Components of Demand 30 D. Factors Influencing Relative Number of Skilled Workers 31 V. Training Programs 37 A. Company Training 37 B. Public Training Programs 44 C. Apprenticeship Training 49 D. Union Training Programs 50 E. Relationship of Training to Employer Demand 50 VI. Impact of Changing Technology on Need for New Types of Technicians 53 A. Industrial Trends 55 B. General Summary of Overall State's Industrial Trends 71 C. Research into Science and Technology 73 D. New Technicians Required - 1963 to 1967 74 E. Statistical Analysis of Demand for Technicians to Fill New Positions 1962 to 1963 77 F. Course Specification for New Technicians 81 G. Relationship of Technicians to Scientific Progress and Technological Development 84 VII. Characteristics of the Self-Employed 89 A. Sample Selection and Response 89 B. Method of Analysis of the Data 90 C. Summary of Findings 90 D. Significance of Findings to Main Report 93 - v- CONTENTS (Continued) Page VIII. Demand-Supply Summaries for Major Skilled Types 95 IX. Demand-Supply Summaries by Areas 99 A. Project Area Total 99 B. Area Analysis 102 Atlanta SMSA 107 Non-Metropolitan Georgia 111 5-Smaller SMSA's 114 Albany SMSA 117 Macon SMSA 119 Savannah SMSA 121 Augusta SMSA 123 Columbus SMSA 125 X. Georgia Trends in Demand for Skilled Workers 127 A. Major Skilled Categories 127 B. Current and Future Employment of Major Job Types 131 XI. Factors Retarding Technical Education 133 XII. Conclusions 139 APPENDIX A: NEW TECHNICIANS 1. List of Job Titles 2 2. Job Specifications for New Technicians 3 3. Summary of Course Requirements 15 4. Specific Apprenticeship Training Programs in Georgia 25 APPENDIX B: METHODOLOGY I. Basic Procedure 2 II. Definitions 13 III. List of Jobs 14 IV. Questionnaires 19 V. Publicity 46 VI. Letters 50 VII. Use of Computers in Processing Data 57 VIII.Sample Inflation and Related Statistical Analysis 67 APPENDIX C: STATISTICAL TABLES 1. Project Area 1 2. 3 Major Areas 14 3. 5-Sub-Areas 49 4. State of Georgia 64 INDEX OF TABLES (Main Report) Page Table Number 1. Number and Ratio of Population Completing High School 18 2. Number and Ratio of Total Employment Engineers and Scientists 19 3. Employment Data for Sample Firms 23 4. Age Distribution of Skilled Workers 27 5. Percentage of Skilled Workers Female 28 6. Current and Projected Employment 30 7. Factors Contributing Employer Demand 32 8. Effect of Type and Size of Company 34 9. Company Training Programs 39 10. Minimum Educational Requirements of Companies 42 - List of Job Types for Which Companies Requested Training 43 11. Company Training as a Source of Skilled Workers 52 12. New Technicians-Titles and Codes 76 13. Demand for New Technicians by 80 Companies 78 14. Projection of Demand for New Technicians 80 15. Course Specifications Requested for New Technicians 83 16. Characteristics of Self-Employed 91 17. Balance Sheet of Demand and Supply 96 18. Project Area Demand and Net Training Requirements 101 19. Relative Use of Skilled Workers in Different Areas 105 20. Relative Concentration in Different Areas 106 21. Atlanta SMSA Demand and Training Requirements 109 -vii- INDEX OF TABLES (continued) Page Table Number 22. Non-Metropolitan Georgia Demand and Training Requirements 112 23. Five-Smaller SMSA's Demand and Training Requirements 115 24. Albany SMSA Demand and Training Requirements 118 25. Macon SMSA Demand and Training Requirements 120 26. Savannah SMSA Demand and Training Requirements 122 27. Augusta SMSA Demand and Training Requirements 124 28. Columbus SMSA Demand and Training Requirements 126 29. Use of Skilled Workers in Georgia Industries 128 30. Use of Skilled Workers in Georgia Manufacturing 130 31. Current and 1967 Demand in Georgia 132 HIGHLIGHTS OF THE STUDY A. Conclusions and Recommendations 1. Rapid technological change of a complex nature is a dominant factor in the Georgia economy. Top management is cognizant of the technological changes but is being overwhelmed by the speed and complexity of them. Many have not analyzed fully the implications of technological change in terms of their operations nor in terms of their need for technicians. 2. The rapidity and complexity of technological change are producing stead- ily more complex and expensive equipment in production operations and also consumer appliances. From the

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