РОССИЙСКАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ НАУК Южный Научный Центр RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Southern Scientific Centre CAUCASIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL BULLETIN Том 3. Вып. 2 Vol. 3. No. 2 Ростов-на-Дону 2007 Кавказский энтомол. бюллетень 3(2): 235–245 © CAUCASIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL BULL. 2007 Aphid insect pests on ornamental plants in urban habitats in Georgia Тли – вредители декоративных растений в городах Грузии Sh. Barjadze¹, G. Japoshvili² Ш. Барджадзе1, Г. Джапошвили2 ¹Laboratory of Entomology, Georgian Institute of Zoology, Chavchavadze av., 31, Tbilisi 0179 Georgia. E-mail: [email protected] ²Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32260 Turkey. E-mail: [email protected] ¹Лаборатория энтомологии, Институт зоологии Грузии, пр. Чавчавадзе, 31, Тбилиси 0179 Грузия ²Отделение защиты растений, Сельскохозяйственный факультет, Университет Сулеймана Демиреля, Ыспарта 32260 Турция Keywords: Aphidoidea, Georgia, Ornamental plants. Ключевые слова: Aphidoidea, Грузия, декоративные растения. Abstract. The Aphid species complexes of urban areas They cause damage by feeding on plant sap, reducing vigor were determined in Georgia. Aphid insects are serious group and producing chlorotic areas and sooty mould at feeding of pests, which attack decorative, and wild, native plants. In locations; premature leaf drop; and distorting stems and this study a total of 160 species of Aphids belonging to 73 bark. Large population of Aphids can kill branches, and genera, 9 subfamilies and 3 families are listed. Aphididae, unchecked infestations may kill plant. Expended use of with 7 subfamilies is the most numerous family, among ornamental plants has caused their cash value to rival and which the following genera are most numerous: Aphidinae in some instances exceed. On the other hand, ornamental (78), Eriosomatinae (30), Calaphidinae (22), Lachninae (13) plants are under unsuitable environmental conditions. and Chiatophorinae (11). 69 species are harmful to wild It has been observed that sucking insects are increasing deciduous trees, 33 to cultivars, 14 species are harmful in areas of high air pollution, leading to the mortality of to conifers, 12 to subtropical and indoor plants, 38 to beneficial insects [Japoshvili, 1999; Ulgenturk, 2001]. Mass wild grasses, while 31 species are important pests of wild development of some scale insects in the street plantations deciduous shrubs. Their hosts and distributions are also is associated not only with indirect effect of abiotic factors taken into consideration. Overall, 32 harmful species of but also with direct destruction of entomophagous insects Aphids were revealed during these studies. as a results of uncontrolled use of modern pesticides Резюме. Определены комплексы видов афид [Kozarzhevskaya, 1992]. на городских территориях Грузии. Тли – серьезная In Georgia, the basis for studying fauna, taxonomy, группа вредителей, поражающих декоративные morphology, biology, economic aspect and natural enemies и дикорастущие растения. В настоящей работе of Aphids were provided mainly by Abashidze [1951], выявлено 160 видов афид, принадлежащих к 73 родам, Jibladze [1953, 1956, 1958, 1960, 1967, 1968, 1975, 1982], 9 подсемействам и 3 семействам. Самое большое Razmadze [1960], Akhvlediani [1981], Merkviladze [1996] семейство – Aphididae, включающее 7 подсемейств, в and Barjadze, Kvavadze [2004, 2005a, 2005b]. In this paper, которые входят наиболее многочисленные по видовому the species and distribution of Aphid insects on ornamental составу роды: Aphidinae (78 видов), Eriosomatinae (30), plants are discussed. Calaphidinae (22), Lachninae (13) и Chiatophorinae (11). 69 видов вредят дикорастущим лиственным деревьям, 33 Materials and methods – культивируемым, 14 – хвойным, 12 – субтропическим и комнатным растениям, 38 – дикорастущей траве, The Aphids mentioned in this paper were either 31 вид – дикорастущим лиственным кустарникам. collected in the field between 1999–2005, or the relevant В статье приведены также распространение афид и data were taken from the literature [Abashidze, 1951; виды растений, на которых они питаются. Во время Akhvlediani, 1981; Jibladze, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1960, 1967, исследований было установлено, что 32 вида афид 1968, 1975, 1982]. являются опасными вредителями. Plant samples were transferred to plastic bags and brought to laboratory. Some of the collected aphids were Introduction preserved in 70% ethanol for subsequent identification. Collecting and preserving techniques used were based The ornamental plants plays an increasingly important mainly on the methods of Martin [1983]. role for physical and psychical human health in urban habitats through the world. Besides parks, squares and little gardens in Georgia there are three big botanical gardens, Results Tbilisi botanical garden, which was established in 17-th Georgia has different climatic conditions. For century (1636), Sokhumi botanical garden established in example, while South-eastern Georgia (Dedoplistskaro) 1840 and Batumi botanical garden founded in 1912. Aphid has a dry, sub-desert climate the western Georgia is mild, insects are notorious pests of many ornamental plants. with subtropical climate. Georgia has three geographical 236 Sh. Barjadze, G. Japoshvili regions: Western Georgia (WG), Eastern Georgia (EG) ignotum, Aphis cytisorum, A. fabae, A. farinosa, A. and Southern Georgia (SG). Country has a key place in the frangulae, A. gossypii, A. ilicis, A. lantanae, A. nasturtii, A. Caucasus biodiversity hotspot. Therefore, flora and fauna oxytropis, A. ruborum, A. sambuci, Brachycaudus cardui, B. are very rich in the country. prunicola, B. spiraeae, Capitophorus hippophaes, Cavariella Pests of ornamentals can reproduce under the theobaldi, Forda marginata, Geoica muticae, Hyadaphis appropriate environmental conditions and can disperse coriandri, H. passerinii, Illinoia dzhibladzeae, Liosomaphis widely due to transfer between regions. In this paper, the berberidis, Longicaudus trirhodus, Macrosiphum funestum, aphids of Georgia are recorded (Table 1). Myzocallis carpini, M. coryli, Myzus ligustri, M. persicae, The host plants are grouped into Pests of cultivars, Phorodon humuli, Smynthurodes betae. Pests of wild deciduous trees, Pests of conifers, Pests of Pests of wild grasses are: Acyrthosiphon loti, A. pisum, subtropical and indoor plants, Pests of wild deciduous Aphis affinis, A. davletshinae, A. epilobii, A. fabae, A. gossypii, shrubs and Pests of wild grasses. A. lupuli, A. origani, A. potentillae, A. praeterita, A. umbrella, Pests of cultivars are Anoecia corni, Aphis craccivora, Brachycaudus bicolor, B. cardui, Capitophorus pakansus, A. fabae, A. gossypii, A. grossulariae, A. punicae, Diuraphis noxia, Forda marginata, Geoica muticae, Brachycaudus amygdalinus, B. cardui, B. cerasicola, Hyalopterus pruni, Kaltenbachiella pallida, Macrosiphoniella B. divaricatae, B. helichrysi, B. persicae, B. prunicola, millefolii, Macrosiphum cholodkovskyi, M. melampyri, M. Chromaphis juglandicola, Cryptomyzus ribis, Diuraphis rosae, Melanaphis bambusae, Metopolophium dirhodum, noxia, Eriosoma ulmi, Forda pawlowae, Hyalopterus Myzus persicae, Paracletus cimiciformis, Phorodon humuli, pruni, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Metopolophium dirhodum, Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae, Sitobion avenae, Smynthurodes Myzus persicae, Nasonovia ribisnigri, Panaphis juglandis, betae, Staticobium otolepidis, Takecallis taiwanus, Phorodon humuli, Pterochloroides persicae, Rhopalosiphum Tetraneura nigriabdominalis, T. ulmi, Therioaphis trifolii, maidis, Rh. nymphaeae, Rh. padi, Sipha maydis, Sitobion Uroleucon campanulae. avenae, Tetraneura caerulescens, T. ulmi. 32 species of Aphids were separated from total number Pests of wild deciduous trees are: Anoecia corni, of 160, as a harmful species. Information about their Aphis craccivora, A. farinosa, A. gossypii, A. hederae, biology and and some notes about distribution worldwide A. salicariae, Brachycaudus cerasicola, B. divaricatae, is given in Table 2. Aphis craccivora, A. fabae, A. gossypii, B. prunicola, Byrsocryptoides zelkovae, B. zelcovaecola, A. nasturtii, Aulacorthum circumflexum, Brachycaudus Calaphis betulicola, C. flava, Callipterinella tuberculata, helichrysi, Myzus persicae and Toxoptera aurantii are Capitophorus elaeagni, Cavariella aegopodii, C. pastinaceae, serious pests in urban plantations. C. theobaldi, Chaitophorus caprea, Ch. leucomelas, Ch. populialbae, Ch. populeti, Ch. salijaponicus, Clethrobius Discussions comes, Drepanosiphum acerinum, D. platanoidis, Eriosoma lanuginosum, E. patchiae, E. phaenax, E. ulmi, Eucallipterus Ornamental plants play an important role in human tiliae, Euceraphis punctipennis, Kaltenbachiella pallida, health. The numbers of ornamentals are increasing throughout the world. The host plant is in a situation Lachnus roboris, Myzocallis carpini, Myzus lythri, M. different to its native habitat, and many natural enemies padellus, Pachypappa marsupialis, P. warshavensis, of pest species do not occur in the ornamental ecosystems Patchiella reaumuri, Pemphigus bursarius, P. immunis, [Davidson & Miller, 1990]. Therefore, the number of P. populi, P. populinigrae, P. protospirae, P. spirothecae, P. ornamental species, and their populations, are greater in vesicarius, Periphyllus aceris, P. lyropictus, P. nevskyii, P. urban habitats than in a native habitat. Aphids are among obscurus, P. testudinaceus, Phorodon humuli, Prociphilus most destructive agents on ornamental trees and shrubs bumeliae, P. fraxini, Pterocallis albidus, P. alni, Pterocomma in Georgia and