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MUERTE DESCENDENTE (Lasiodiplodia Sp. Pat.) EN LIMA Persa (Citrus Latifolia Tanaka), EN EL ESTADO DE MORELOS T E S

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MUERTE DESCENDENTE (Lasiodiplodia Sp. Pat.) EN LIMA Persa (Citrus Latifolia Tanaka), EN EL ESTADO DE MORELOS T E S UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DEL ESTADO DE MORELOS FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS MUERTE DESCENDENTE (Lasiodiplodia sp. Pat.) EN LIMA Persa (Citrus latifolia Tanaka), EN EL ESTADO DE MORELOS T E S I S QUE PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE DOCTOR EN CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y DESARROLLO RURAL P R E S E N T A: MAIREL VALLE DE LA PAZ DIRECTOR DE TESIS: DR. DAGOBERTO GUILLÉN SÁNCHEZ CO- DIRECTORA DE TESIS: DRA. ADRIANA ROSALIA GUIJÓN HERNÁNDEZ Cuernavaca, Morelos. Diciembre del 2018 MUERTE DESCENDENTE (Lasiodiplodia sp. Pat.) EN LIMA Persa (Citrus latifolia Tanaka), EN EL ESTADO DE MORELOS Tesis realizada por M. C. Mairel Valle de la Paz bajo la dirección del Comité Revisor indicado, aprobada por el mismo y aceptada como requisito parcial para obtener el grado de: DOCTOR EN CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y DESARROLLO RURAL COMITÉ REVISOR Director de tesis: _______________________________________ Dr. Dagoberto Guillén Sánchez Co-Directora de tesis: _______________________________________ Dra. Adriana R. Guijón Hernández Asesor: ________________________________________ Dr. Irán Alía Tejacal Asesor: ________________________________________ Dr. Víctor López Martínez Asesor: ________________________________________ Dr. Porfirio Juárez López Asesor: ________________________________________ Dr. Edgar Martínez Fernández Asesor: ________________________________________ Dra. Marianguadalupe Hernández Arenas Asesor: ________________________________________ Dr. Rafael Ariza Flores Cuernavaca Mor., a 25 de Septiembre del 2018. AGRADECIMIENTOS Al Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), por la beca proporcionada para el desarrollo del programa doctoral. A la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, y a todo el Personal administrativo por brindarme todas las facilidades necesarias para realizar la presente investigación. Al Dr. Dagoberto Guillén Sánchez, por la dirección de la investigación, por sus conocimientos, experiencia, paciencia, por su invaluable amistad y apoyo incondicional durante todo el desarrollo del trabajo en campo y laboratorio. A los Doctores: Adriana R. Guijón Hernández, Irán Alía Tejacal, Víctor López Martínez, Porfirio Juárez López, Edgar Martínez Fernández, Marianguadalupe Hernández Arenas y Rafael Ariza Flores, por su asesoría y valiosos comentarios, para el desarrollo del trabajo de investigación en campo y laboratorio. Al M. C. Vladimir Lezama, por dirigir atinadamente la Coordinación de Postgrado, por siempre brindar la ayuda para todo trámite, por la buena disponibilidad en atender con su sencillez y carisma. Al Comité Estatal de Sanidad Vegetal del Estado de Morelos, a la Junta Local de Ornamentales, al M. C. Pablo Valle, M. C. Manuel Palma y a todos los Profesionales técnicos que apoyaron en los recorridos de campo, por todos los municipios de Morelos, muchas gracias. A Daniel Perales Rosas, por el acompañamiento en el desarrollo del proyecto, por los consejos, por el apoyo incondicional, por todo amor. A los productores de lima Persa, especialmente al Lic. Trinidad Padilla, por permitir desarrollar parte de la investigación en su huerta, en Ticumán, Tlaltizapán. A mis estudiantes, Ma. Guadalupe, Luis Ángel Bibiano, Verónica Vargas, José Alberto Diaz, Luis Conde, Luy Guadarrama, que ayudaron a realizar las evaluaciones en campo. A Álvaro González Hernández, por ayudar en las evaluaciones en campo y laboratorio. Al Dr. Lalo, M. C. Aline, Dra. Adabella, por todo el apoyo brindado en el laboratorio, pero además por su hermosa amistad. DEDICATORIA A mis hijos: Jamil y Eric ÍNDICE GENERAL Página ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS ................................................................................................ iv ÍNDICE DE CUADROS ............................................................................................... v CAPÍTULO I ................................................................................................................ 1 IDENTIFICACIÓN DE ESPECIES DE Lasiodiplodia (BOTRYOSPHAERIACEAE) EN LIMA Persa (Citrus latifolia Tanaka) EN MORELOS, MÉXICO. .................................. 1 Resumen .................................................................................................................. 1 IDENTIFICATION OF Lasiodiplodia (BOTRYOSPHAERIACEAE) SPECIES ON PERSIAN LIME (Citrus latifolia Tanaka) IN THE MORELOS STATE, MEXICO ......... 2 Abstract .................................................................................................................... 2 1.1. Introducción .......................................................................................................... 3 1.2. Materiales y métodos ............................................................................................ 5 1.2.1. Lugar del estudio ........................................................................................ 5 1.2.2. Colecta del material biológico ..................................................................... 5 1.2.3. Aislamiento del hongo ................................................................................. 5 1.2.4. Identificación y caracterización morfológica de los aislados ....................... 6 1.2.5. Pruebas de patogenicidad .......................................................................... 6 1.2.6. Identificación molecular............................................................................... 7 1.2.7. Análisis filogenético .................................................................................... 8 1.3. Resultados y discusión ......................................................................................... 9 1.3.1. Identificación y caracterización morfológica de los aislados ....................... 9 1.3.2. Pruebas de patogenicidad ........................................................................ 12 1.3.3. Identificación molecular............................................................................. 13 1.3.4. Análisis filogenético .................................................................................. 15 1.4. Conclusiones ...................................................................................................... 20 i 1.5. Literatura citada .................................................................................................. 21 CAPITULO II ............................................................................................................. 26 INCIDENCIA Y SEVERIDAD DE MUERTE DESCENDENTE (Lasiodiplodia theobromae, L. citricola, L. pseudotheobromae y Lasiodiplodia spp.) (BOTRYOSPHAERIALES: BOTRYOSPHAERIACEAE) EN LIMA Persa (Citrus latifolia Tanaka) EN MORELOS, MÉXICO ................................................................ 26 Resumen ................................................................................................................... 26 INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY OF DIEBACK (Lasiodiplodia theobromae, L. citricola, L. pseudotheobromae y Lasiodiplodia spp.) (BOTRYOSPHAERIALES: BOTRYOSPHAERIACEAE) IN LIMA Persa (Citrus latifolia Tanaka) IN MORELOS, MEXICO .................................................................................................................... 27 Abstract ..................................................................................................................... 27 2.1. Introducción ........................................................................................................ 28 2.2. Materiales y métodos .......................................................................................... 30 2.2.1. Ubicación del lugar de estudio .................................................................. 30 2.2.2. Evaluación de la incidencia ....................................................................... 30 2.2.3. Evaluación de la severidad ....................................................................... 33 2.2.4. Análisis estadístico ................................................................................... 34 2.3. Resultados y discusiones ................................................................................... 34 2.3.1. Síntomas observados en campo ............................................................... 34 2.3.2. Incidencia .................................................................................................. 37 2.3.3. Severidad .................................................................................................. 39 2.4. Conclusiones ...................................................................................................... 47 2.5. Literatura citada .................................................................................................. 48 ii CAPÍTULO III ............................................................................................................ 52 CONTROL IN VITRO CON FUNGICIDAS SOBRE Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griff. & Maubl y L. citricola Abdollahz AISLADOS DE LIMA Persa (Citrus latifolia Tanaka) EN MORELOS, MÉXICO. ........................................................................... 52 Resumen ................................................................................................................... 52 CONTROL IN VITRO WITH FUNGICIDES ON Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griff. & Maubl and L. citricola Abdollahz ISOLATED FROM LIMA Persa (Citrus latifolia Tanaka) IN MORELOS, MEXICO .............................................................................. 53 Abstract ..................................................................................................................... 53
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