Tour of the Monte Rosa
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Thermal Structure and Metamorphic Evolution of the Piemont-Ligurian Metasediments in the Northern Western Alps
Swiss J Geosci (2013) 106:63–78 DOI 10.1007/s00015-013-0119-7 Thermal structure and metamorphic evolution of the Piemont-Ligurian metasediments in the northern Western Alps Franc¸ois Negro • Romain Bousquet • Flurin Vils • Clara-Marine Pellet • Jeanette Ha¨nggi-Schaub Received: 11 July 2012 / Accepted: 9 February 2013 / Published online: 8 May 2013 Ó Swiss Geological Society 2013 Abstract In the Western Alps, the Piemont-Ligurian juxtaposition along shear zones at a temperature of oceanic domain records blueschist to eclogite metamorphic *500 °C during the Middle Eocene. This juxtaposition conditions during the Alpine orogeny. This domain is probably occurred at shallow crustal levels (*15–20 km) classically divided into two ‘‘zones’’ (Combin and Zermatt- within a subduction channel. We finally propose that the Saas), with contrasting metamorphic evolution, and sepa- Piemont-Ligurian Domain should not be viewed as two rated tectonically by the Combin fault. This study presents distinct ‘‘zones’’, but rather as a stack of several tectonic new metamorphic and temperature (RSCM thermometry) slices. data obtained in Piemont-Ligurian metasediments and proposes a reevaluation of the P–T evolution of this Keywords RSCM thermometry Á Zermatt-Saas Á domain. In the upper unit (or ‘‘Combin zone’’) tempera- Combin Á Cignana Á HP and UHP metamorphism tures are in the range of 420–530 °C, with an increase of temperature from upper to lower structural levels. Petro- logical evidences show that these temperatures are related 1 Introduction to the retrograde path and to deformation at greenschist metamorphic conditions. This highlights heating during The northern part of the Western Alps, located between the exhumation of HP metamorphic rocks. -
Streiflichter Zur Hotel- Und Tourismusgeschichte Im Saastal Bis Zum Ersten Weltkrieg 1
STREIFLICHTER ZUR HOTEL- UND TOURISMUSGESCHICHTE IM SAASTAL BIS ZUM ERSTEN WELTKRIEG 1 Roland Flückiger-Seiler 1 Die Entdeckung und Erforschung der Alpenwelt Wichtige Grundlagen für die Entdeckung der Schweizer Alpen als «Garten Edens» leisteten engagierte Forscher und Schriftsteller bereits im frühen 18. Jahrhun- dert. Einer der Ersten war der Zürcher Arzt und Universalgelehrte Johann Jakob Scheuchzer (1672–1733), der sich als erster Naturforscher nach dem lähmenden 17. Jahrhundert mit wissenschaftlichen Absichten in die Alpen wagte. In den Som- mermonaten durchstreifte er mit seinen Studenten alpine Gegenden und sammelte alle erdenklichen Daten über Natur und Umwelt. Mit diesem Wissen publizierte er 1713 eine vierteilige Karte der Schweiz, die lange Zeit als beste Darstellung der Eidgenossenschaft galt. Die von ihm erhobenen Daten und die eigene Beobach- tung des Gebirges auf seinen Wanderungen über fast alle Schweizer Alpenpässe bildeten die Basis für das seit 1702 in mehreren Auflagen erschienene Lebenswerk ‹Itinera per Helvetiae alpinas regiones›. Bereits 1704 nahm ihn die «Royal Socie- ty» in London als Mitglied auf, eine damals äusserst seltene Ehre für einen Aus- länder. Die Verbreitung seiner naturwissenschaftlichen Arbeiten über die Schweiz 1 Diese Übersicht basiert auf Texten, die der Autor in seinem Buch ‹Berghotels zwischen Alp- weide und Gipfelkreuz› 2015 im Verlag Hier und Jetzt, Baden, veröffentlicht hat. Inzwischen sind noch weitere Fakten zum Vorschein gekommen und die Texte zum Saastal sind hier über- sichtlich zusammengefasst. Der Autor möchte bei dieser Gelegenheit allen danken, die ihn bei seinen Forschungen im Saastal unterstützt haben und noch unterstützen: In erster Linie Damian Bumann als Archivar im «Historischen Archiv Saastal» (HAS). Dann geht der Dank auch an den Stiftungsrat von «Saas ischi Heimat» sowie an Beat Anthamatten und Bernhard Andenmatten, die mir zu wertvollem Material verholfen haben. -
THE NORDEND of MONTE ROSA. T. Graham Brown
THE • VOL. LIII NOVEMBER I 942 NO. 265 THE NORDEND OF MONTE ROSA BY T. GRAHAM BROWN Substance of a lecture delivered before the Alpine Club, December g, 1941. T is curious to reflect that the ascent of the N ordend might have been one of the most popular in the Alps had the Dufourspitze been but 83 ft. lower. As things are, the mountain is relatively neglected. The usual route to its graceful summit lies off the beaten track, and more .often than not the N ordend is omitted during traverses of the Monte Rosa peaks ; parties from the Marinelli hut seem almost invariably to take the easier but more dangerous route to the Dufour spitze in preference to the more difficult ascent of the N ordend by its stupendous Macugnaga face ; the sensational Frontier arete, 1 which plunges to the Jagerjoch in vertical steps, has rarely been visited ; and (to the best of my knowledge) the wide and steep Weisstor (or N.E.) face of the N ordend has so far received attention from but a single climbing party. To these striking neglects may be added a fifth: on only one former occasion, and that was nearly thirty years ago, has the Nordend been the subject of a paper read before the Club.2 The event deserves to be recalled, because it was then that E. A. Broome described his expedition of 191 I, when, in the course of the day, he ascended the Macugnaga face from the Marinelli hut and descended by the ordinary route to the Riffelhaus the memorable achievement of a great climber who was in his sixty-seventh year at the time of the ascent. -
IFP 1707 Dent Blanche – Matterhorn – Monte Rosa
Inventaire fédéral des paysages, sites et monuments naturels d'importance nationale IFP IFP 1707 Dent Blanche – Matterhorn – Monte Rosa Canton Communes Surface Valais Evolène, Zermatt 26 951 ha Le Gornergletscher et le Grenzgletscher IFP 1707 Dent Blanche – Matterhorn – Monte Rosa Stellisee Hameau de Zmutt Dent Blanche avec glacier de Ferpècle 1 IFP 1707 Dent Blanche – Matterhorn – Monte Rosa 1 Justification de l’importance nationale 1.1 Région de haute montagne au caractère naturel et sauvage, avec nombreux sommets de plus de 4000 m d’altitude 1.2 Mont Rose, massif alpin avec le plus haut sommet de Suisse 1.3 Mont Cervin, montagne emblématique à forme pyramidale 1.4 Plusieurs glaciers de grande étendue avec marges proglaciaires intactes, en particulier le Gornergletscher, l’un des plus grands systèmes glaciaires de Suisse 1.5 Marmites glaciaires, roches polies et stries glaciaires, structures représentatives des diverses formes glaciaires 1.6 Situation tectonique unique dans les Alpes suisses, superposant des unités tectoniques et des roches de provenances paléogéographiques très variées 1.7 Vastes forêts naturelles de mélèzes et d’aroles 1.8 Phénomènes glaciaires et stades morainiques remarquables et diversifiés 1.9 Zones riches en cours d’eau et lacs d’altitude 1.10 Grande richesse floristique et faunistique, comprenant de nombreuses espèces rares et endémiques 1.11 Zmutt, hameau avec des bâtiments traditionnels bien conservés 2 Description 2.1 Caractère du paysage Le site Dent Blanche-Matterhorn-Monte Rosa est une zone de haute montagne encadrée de massifs montagneux imposants dans la partie méridionale du Valais et à la frontière avec l’Italie. -
The New Monte Rosa Hut
Beautifully efficient: the New Monte Rosa Hut The Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich) and the Swiss Alpine Club (SAC) are intending to set a new milestone in Alpine building with the New Monte Rosa Hut. The foundation stone was laid in August 2008. The mountain hut is one of many projects initiated to mark the 150th anniversary of the ETH Zurich. It is an ambitious building project for a forward-looking SAC hut on 2883 metres above sea level, sustainable in terms of energy and ecology. The SAC was quick to agree to the project. The internationally known Monte Rosa area in the Swiss Canton of Valais, framed by the Matterhorn and the Dufourspitze, was chosen for the planned hut. The existing hut there is in need of refurbishment, and so the project partners decided to replace it with the New Monte Rosa Hut. In the winter term 2003/2004, the Studio Monte Rosa at the ETH Zurich’s architecture and construction department was set up. Working over four terms, a total of over thirty students devised a design for the New Monte Rosa Hut. The student’s ideas developed into a feasible project with the support of professors and experts from various disciplines. So now a five-storey timber construction is to be built on stainless steel foundations thrusting down into the rock. Its metallically shimmering aluminium outer covering and unusual polygonal shape make it look like a rock crystal. The guest rooms can accommodate a total of 120 people, and the enchanting surroundings are effectively invited in as well, by a cascade of steps and a wide window facade. -
A Combination of PROBA-V/MODIS-Based Products with Sentinel-1 SAR Data for Detecting Wet and Dry Snow Cover in Mountainous Areas
remote sensing Article A Combination of PROBA-V/MODIS-Based Products with Sentinel-1 SAR Data for Detecting Wet and Dry Snow Cover in Mountainous Areas Ya-Lun S. Tsai 1,* , Andreas Dietz 1, Natascha Oppelt 2 and Claudia Kuenzer 1 1 German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Muenchener Strasse 20, D-82234 Wessling, Germany 2 Department of Geography, Earth Observation and Modelling, Kiel University, Ludewig-Meyn-Str. 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 24 June 2019; Accepted: 13 August 2019; Published: 14 August 2019 Abstract: In the present study, we explore the value of employing both vegetation indexes as well as land surface temperature derived from Project for On-Board Autonomy—Vegetation (PROBA-V) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors, respectively, to support the detection of total (wet + dry) snow cover extent (SCE) based on a simple tuning machine learning approach and provide reliability maps for further analysis. We utilize Sentinel-1-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) observations, including backscatter coefficient, interferometric coherence, and polarimetric parameters, and four topographical factors as well as vegetation and temperature information to detect the total SCE with a land cover-dependent random forest-based approach. Our results show that the overall accuracy and F-measure are over 90% with an ’Area Under the receiver operating characteristic Curve (ROC)’ (AUC) score of approximately 80% over five study areas located in different mountain ranges, continents, and hemispheres. These accuracies are also confirmed by a comprehensive validation approach with different data sources, attesting the robustness and global transferability. -
Zermatt, Switzerland)
Institut für Geologie Media release / 6 June 2018 Water transport to the Earth’s interior: Clues from high-pressure Alpine rocks (Zermatt, Switzerland) Water in the Earth’s interior influences many geological processes. The evolution of our planet and the development of life is tightly linked to the deep water cycle. Rocks from Zermatt (Switzerland) document formation at the ocean floor, followed by subduction to 80 km depth prior their incorporation into the Alpine belt. The detailed investigation of these rocks by researchers from the University of Bern provides evidence how and how much water can be incorporated in minerals at these subduction zone conditions and how water might be transported to even greater depth. The results are published in the journal “Geology”. The shallow water cycle that links atmosphere and hydrosphere is crucial for life on Earth. However, there exists also a deep water cycle in which water is transported over millions of years through the Earth’s interior. Hydrothermal alteration of oceanic crust results in the formation of minerals that incorporate water into the crystal structure. Through plate tectonics and subduction of such oceanic crust, the hydrous minerals are transported to increasingly greater depths. As the rocks are heated up during burial, the hydrous minerals break down at 50-100 km depth and are replaced by anhydrous minerals resulting in the liberation of the stored water. Would it be possible that traces of water are still incorporated into these newly formed minerals? Would this provide a mechanism to transport water to even greater depth and how would this influence the very long term, hundred million years water cycle? To answer these questions, PhD student Elias Kempf and Prof. -
ZT Panoramakarte Sommer Wi
WANDERWEGE / SENTIERS DE RANDONNÉE / 400 KM WANDERWEGE / SENTIERS DE RANDONNÉE / HIKING TRAILS. HIKING TRAILS leicht / facile / easy Monte Rosa Matterhorn SUNNEGGA-ROTHORN mittelschwer / moyen / medium Matterhorn 4478 1 Abenteuerweg: Rothorn – Ritzengrat – Tufteren 1 h 40 schwierig / difficile / difficult Dufourspitze Liskamm Breithorn Castor glacier 3 Blumenweg: Blauherd – Tufteren – Sunnegga 1 h 20 Alpinwanderweg / sentier de randonnée (haute montagne) / 4634 4527 Pollux 4164 4228 4 Direttissima: Tufteren – Tiefenmatten – Zermatt 1 h 20 alpine hiking trail 4092 paradise Monte Rosa 3883 Matterhorn 4a AHV-Weg: Winkelmatten – AHV-Weg – Schönegg 1 h 00 Gobba di Rollin Matterhorn 4478 5 Gamsweg: Rothorn – Kumme – Tufteren 1 h 50 www.zermatt.ch Dufourspitze Breithorn 3899 Liskamm 6 Gourmetweg: Sunnegga – Findeln – Ried – Zermatt 2 h 25 Dom Strahlhorn 4634 Castor glacier 4527 Pollux 4164 Gletscher-Palast Testa Grigia 4545 4190 Cima di Jazzi 4228 4092 paradise Cervinia/Valtournenche 7 Kristallweg: Rothorn – Fluhalp – Stellisee – Blauherd 1 h 45 Rimpfischhorn 3803 3883 8 Murmelweg: Blauherd – Stellisee – Sunnegga 1 h 10 Täschhorn Adlerhorn Gobba di Rollin Allalinhorn 4199 Theodul- 9 Panoramaweg: Blauherd – Ritzengrat 50 min Alphubel 3988 G 4490 4027 R 3899 pass Dom 4206 Strahlhorn E Furggsattel 10 Peak Collection: Rothorn 30 min N Gletscher-Palast Z Testa Grigia 4545 4190 Stockhorn Monte Rosa Hütte 3365 11 5-Seenweg: Blauherd – Stellisee – Grindjisee – Grünsee – 2 h 30 Cima di Jazzi G Cervinia/Valtournenche Hörnlihütte 3532 2883 L Rimpfischhorn -
Ivrea Mantle Wedge, Arc of the Western Alps, and Kinematic Evolution of the Alps–Apennines Orogenic System
Swiss J Geosci DOI 10.1007/s00015-016-0237-0 Ivrea mantle wedge, arc of the Western Alps, and kinematic evolution of the Alps–Apennines orogenic system 1 1 1 2 Stefan M. Schmid • Eduard Kissling • Tobias Diehl • Douwe J. J. van Hinsbergen • Giancarlo Molli3 Received: 6 June 2016 / Accepted: 9 December 2016 Ó Swiss Geological Society 2017 Abstract The construction of five crustal-scale profiles related to the lateral indentation of the Ivrea mantle slice across the Western Alps and the Ivrea mantle wedge towards WNW by some 100–150 km. (4) The final stage of integrates up-to-date geological and geophysical informa- arc formation (25–0 Ma) is associated with orogeny in the tion and reveals important along strike changes in the Apennines leading to oroclinal bending in the southern- overall structure of the crust of the Western Alpine arc. most Western Alps in connection with the 50° counter- Tectonic analysis of the profiles, together with a review of clockwise rotation of the Corsica-Sardinia block and the the existing literature allows for proposing the following Ligurian Alps. Analysis of existing literature data on the multistage evolution of the arc of the Western Alps: (1) Alps–Apennines transition zone reveals that substantial exhumation of the mantle beneath the Ivrea Zone to shal- parts of the Northern Apennines formerly suffered Alpine- low crustal depths during Mesozoic is a prerequisite for the type shortening associated with an E-dipping Alpine sub- formation of a strong Ivrea mantle wedge whose strength duction zone and were backthrusted to the NE during exceeds that of surrounding mostly quartz-bearing units, Apenninic orogeny that commences in the Oligocene. -
Ein Wanderweg Mit Dem Zeug Zum Kl
Rund ums Matterhorn EIN WANDERWEG MIT DEM ZEUG ZUM KL TEXT/FOTOS Mario Colonel, Servoz (F) dass da noch mehr sein würde.Ich spürte die Begegnun- gen bereits im Voraus – diesen schmackhaften Fontine- Käse,den wir aufder Alp von Praz Raye genossen,den iesen Sommer wird sie offiziell lanciert:die Wan- Fendant,in Evolène degustiert,jene Grossmütter,denen derung rund ums Matterhorn,ein Höhenweg, wir in St.Niklaus über den Weg liefen,oder jenen Ball- D der sechs Täler durchquert und die Begegnung Jongleur am Fuss des Weisshorns.Ohne es zu wissen, mit drei Kulturen ermöglicht.Der Weg über Alpweiden wandelten wir aufPfaden,die schon seit Urzeiten die Be- in voller Blumenpracht im Schatten von 20 Viertausen- wohner aus dem Aostatal mit den Wallisern,die Oberwal- dern (Matterhorn inklusive) hat das Zeug,zu einem liser mit den Unterwallisern verbanden.Und wir über- Klassiker der Alpen zu werden.Als Willy Fellay,der Prä- schritten Pässe und Grenzen,die schon von Händlern sident von ValRando,anfragte,ob ich an der Lancierung und Hausierern,Soldaten und Bauern,Pilgern und Ban- dieser Rundtour mitmachen wolle,sagte ich ohne Zögern diten begangen worden waren. zu. Wie üblich bereiteten wir uns vor,holten Informatio- Regnerischer Auftakt nen ein,studierten Wege und stellten Verbindungen her. Aufden Karten präsentierten sich die Berge in Form einer Es begann sehr schlecht in jenem regnerischen Juli 2000. Blütenkrone in farbigen Linien,die Gletscher,Mulden, Der Aufstieg zur Topalihütte,mit dem wir die Erkun- Seen und Bergbäche erahnen lassen.Aber ich vermutete, dung begannen,glich dem Vorhofzur Hölle:Zum Regen gesellte sich heftiges Donnergrollen. -
All Year Round Activities
The Chalet International award-nominated design and architecture official 5 star plus rating from Swiss Hotel Association and Swiss Tourism Award-winning chalet service ! All Year Round Activities Helicopter Ride For an incredible views of the mountains, take a helicopter ride over the top of the peaks and around the iconic faces of the Matterhorn. The special birds eye view will blow you away. Rides can be arranged from 20 minutes duration to 40 minutes. Horse and Cart / Sledge Ride For a relaxing sightseeing tour around the village, take the horse and card in summer or the horse and sleigh in winter. The tour will take you end to end of the village, taking in the busy main street with its bars and restaurants, the Vispa riverbanks, the mountains and everything in-between. Suitable for all ages, up to a maximum of 5 persons per ride. Gornergrat Train Ride An unforgettable train ride like no other and the highest in Europe, take the train from the centre of Zermatt to the Gornagrat at 3039 metres. The scenic journey takes over half an hour and you can stop on the way at any of the interim stops which have restaurants. Once a the top, take in the awesome vista of the tallest peaks in the Alps. Incorporate the ride with lunch or even a star-gazing evening dinner. Paragliding Thrill-seekers can spend a morning or afternoon flying the thermals high above the village in a paraglider. Suitable for beginners as you will be strapped to an instructor. Choose from one of two take-off points in winter and four possible take-offs in summer and view the village and mountains as you have never seen it before. -
Einige Wandervorschläge
Einige Wandervorschläge Nordend Doufourspitze Liskamm Castor Pollux Breithorn Klein Matterhorn Matterhorn 4609 m 4633 m 4527 m 4228 m 4029 m 4164 m 3883 m 4478 m Rechte Talseite Europaweg Grächen–Zermatt 12 Std. 1 Höhenweg Grächen–SaasFee 6 ⁄2 Std. Grächen–Bordierhütte 5 Std. Plateau Rosa Gasenried–Bordierhütte 5 Std. 1 Monte-Rosa-Hütte Seetalhorn–Plattja–Gasenried–Grächen 4 ⁄4 Std. Stockhorn Hörnli-Hütte Grächen–Gasenried–Schallbetten–Mattsand 3 Std. 3352 m 3260 m Rimpfischhorn Theodulgletscher 1 Strahlhorn 4198 m Grächen–Egga–Bergji–Hohtschugge 1 ⁄4 Std. 4190 m Gandegghütte Trockener Steg Waldrandspaziergang 1 Std. Gornergrat 3030 m 3100 m Dom Täschhorn Ober-Rothorn Furgg (Station) 4490 m Linke Talseite 4545 m 3415 m Schwarzsee Allalin Unt. Äschhorn 1 4027 m Unter-Rothorn St. Niklaus–Jungen–Augstbordpass–Gruben 7 ⁄2 Std. Riffelberg 3618 m Kinhorn 3103 m Sunnegga 2288 m Riffelalp Jungen–Jungtal Wasulicka–Topali–Randa 12 Std. 3752 m Mettelhorn Lenzspitze 1 St. Niklaus–Schwidernen–Hüttenweg Topali 4 ⁄2 Std. 4294 m Täschhütte 3406 m 2701 m 1 Nadelhorn Zermatt St. Niklaus–Mattsand–Randa–Täsch–Zermatt 5 ⁄2 Std. 4327 m Hohberghorn 1600 m Leiterspitzen Jungen–Schalb–Moosalpe 4 Std. 4219 m Weisshorn Metro Alpin Stecknadelhorn Dürrenhorn Europaweghütte St. Niklaus–Sparren–Jungtal 4 Std. Ulrichshorn 4505 m 4241 m 4034 m 1 3929 m Täschalpe St. Niklaus–Jungen 2 ⁄2 Std. Balfrin 1 Saas Fee 3795 m Rundweg in Jungen 2 ⁄2 Std. Feegletscher Mischabelhütte Weisshornhütte Embd–Schalb 1 Std. Kinhütte 2932 m 2584 m Kalpetran–Embd 1 Std. Täsch Bishorn 1 Domhütte Bisgletscher Törbel–Embd 1 ⁄2 Std.