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Subsurface Structural Mapping Melut Basin Using Satellite Gravity Data تخريط التراكيب تحت السطحيه لحوض ملوط باستخدام بيانات االقمار

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Subsurface Structural Mapping Melut Basin Using Satellite Gravity Data تخريط التراكيب تحت السطحيه لحوض ملوط باستخدام بيانات االقمار Sudan University of Science and Technology College of Petroleum Engineering & Technology Department of Exploration Engineering Subsurface structural mapping Melut Basin using satellite gravity data تخريط التراكيب تحت السطحيه لحوض ملوط باستخدام بيانات اﻻقمار اﻻصطناعية للجاذبية This dissertation is submitted as a partial requirement of B.Sc. degree ( honor) in Exploration Engineering Prepared by : 1. Al-miqdad Hassan Hamed Alkdagry 2. Abubaker Mohammed Ahmed Alshreef 3. Khaled AbuBakr Mirghani 4. Mohammed Abdolbasit abdorhman Supervisor : Dr. Khalid AbdelRahman Elsayed Zeinelabdein October 2015 1 بسم اهلل الرمحن الرحيم قال تعاىل : ﴿ وﻻ يأتونك مبثل اﻻ جئناك باحلق وأحسن تفسريا ﴾ صدق اهلل العظيم سورة الفرقان - )33( I We dedicate this work to: Our Fathers The one who taught us the Meaning of principles and give. Our Mothers our power resource and the candle that lighting our darkness Our brothers and our sisters Our friends The soft candle in our life Our teachers Our prideness icon II The favorness firstly and lastly for Allah who gave us the stenth and patience to do this work. We would like to sent best wishes to supervisor, Dr. Khalid AbdelRahman Elsayed Zeinelabdein for his gaudiness and support to help us in generating perfect work, that by the will of Allah become a beneficial study. We would like to thank our adorable friends, for helping us in many ways that no one could. We would like to thank Dr. Eman abdAllah, Ustaza. Hanan Mohamed, Ustaz.Mohmmed Salah, Ustaza.Amna Abdelmonem And Ustaza. Mai Alsadig for helping us. Finally we would like to thank Ministry of Mineral. May Allah bless them all. III ABSTRACT Melut Basin is one of the largest and most important oil producing areas in South Sudan. It is located in the northeastern part of the South Sudan and is covered by a sedimentary succession of Cretaceous and Tertiary continental strata that attain a thickness of more than 5km in the depocentres of the basin. Melut Basin is considered as one of the most perspective basins with respect to oil in South Sudan. Extensive exploration activities are going on in the northern part of this basin. Other parts are still unstudied and little is known about their prospectivty. The overall objective of the present study is investigate the subsurface structures of Melut Basin using the potential field data obtained from both ground measurement and satellite observations. The method used in this study is Gravity method that depends on densities variations. For the present work various data types, from different sources (ground and satellite gravity data) were made available. That individually constitute part of the spatial information system pertaining to the Melut area have been used. The difference between the ground and satellite gravity data is very minor. Accordingly, satellite gravity data used in present study. This is because satellite gravity data are better than the ground measurement. Average method was used in order to separate the regional from the residual component of the gravity. The Derivatives of the Gravity were computed in order to study the presence of faults. Moreover, two profiles were constructed across the residual gravity map in an approximately SW-NE and NW-SE directions cutting the most prominent anomalies in the area. 2.5D Gravity modeling established to decipher the subsurface structure along two profiles in the study area. The results of interpretation maps and profiles defined boundary of Basin, identified there was many Faults in the study area and computed depth of Basement along profiles. IV الخﻻصة حوض ملوط من اكبر و اىم اﻻحواض الرسوبيو المنتجة في دولة جنوب السودان ويقع في الجزء الشمالي الشرقي منها وقد تصل اعماقو الى اكثر من 5 كلم في مركز ترسيب الحوض. تمت الدراسو في الجزء الشمالي لهذا الحوض بصوره جيده ولكن مازال الجزء الجنوبي لو فقير في كثير من المعلومات التي تصف الحوض بصوره جيده . لذا كانت الدراسو الحالية ىي وصف التراكيب التحت سطحيو لو باستخدام الطريقة الجاذبيو التي تعتمد على اﻻختﻻف في الكثاقات بين الصخور في اجراء الدراسة الحاليو. استخدمت بيانات الجاذبيو المقاسة بواسطة جهاز القرافوميتر وايضا المقاسو بواسطو اقمار صناعية للدراسو الحالية. وجد ان اﻻختﻻف بين القراءات التي اخذت من الحقل والقراءات التي قيست بواسطة اﻻقمار اﻻصطناعيو بسيط جدا بعد اجراء مقارنو بينهما , لذا استخدمت قراءات اﻻقمار اﻻصطناعيو للعمليات والتحاليل للبيانات في الدراسو . تم الفصل بين الجاذبيو اﻻقليميو والمحليو وبعد ذلك حسبت المشتقات للجاذبيو وانشئت خرائط لكل منها. تم عمل قطاعين مختلفين على الشذوذ الموجوده في منطقة الدراسو باتجاىات جنوب غرب شمال شرق وشمال غرب جنوب شرق . وتم انشاء نمزجو في 5.5 اتجاه لهذه القطاعات . من الدراسو الحاليو تم التعرف على حدود الحوض , عمق صخور اﻻساس والتراكيب الموجوده في الحوض وشكلها . V Table of Contents I .......................................................................................................................................................... اﻵـيـــ Dedication ............................................................................................................................................... II Acknowledgment ................................................................................................................................... III ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................... IV V ...................................................................................................................................................... الخﻻص List of Figures: ...................................................................................................................................... VIII List of Table .......................................................................................................................................... VIII 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Statement Of The Problem ............................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Objectives Of The Study ............................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Location Of The Study Area ......................................................................................................... 1 1.4 Topography: .................................................................................................................................. 3 1.5 Climate and Vegetation ................................................................................................................. 3 1.6 Drainage System ........................................................................................................................... 4 1.7 Population ..................................................................................................................................... 6 1.8 Previous Studies On Petroleum Exploration ................................................................................. 6 1.9 Methodology: ................................................................................................................................ 7 1.9.1 Materials : ............................................................................................................................... 7 1.9.2 Method: .................................................................................................................................. 7 1.9.3 Software: ................................................................................................................................ 7 2. REGIONAL GEOLOGY AND TECTONIC SETTING ............................................................................... 8 2.1 Regional Geology .......................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.1 Basement Complex of The NUBA MOUNTAINS ................................................................ 9 2.1.2 Basement Complex Of The Ingessana Hills ......................................................................... 10 2.1.3sedimentary Rocks Of Melut Basin And Vicinity ................................................................ 12 2.2 Tectonic Setting .......................................................................................................................... 15 2.3 Sudan Basins ............................................................................................................................... 16 .3 LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................................................................................... 20 3.1 Geographic Information System (GIS) ....................................................................................... 20 3.2 Gravity Surveying ....................................................................................................................... 22 3.2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 22 3.2.2 Basic Theory ........................................................................................................................ 22 3.2.4 Earth’s Gravitational Field And Its Relation To Exploration: ............................................. 24 VI 3.2.5 Gravity Measurements ......................................................................................................... 25 3.2.6 Instruments For Measuring Gravity
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