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4.5 Productivity Analysis and Hydrogeological Map 4.5.1 The Study on the Groundwater Resources Development and Management in the Internal Drainage Basin -Main Report- Chapter 4 Hydrogeology 4.5 Productivity Analysis and Hydrogeological Map 4.5.1 Productivity Analysis Productivity distribution of groundwater was produced by taking consideration of the geological condition, yield of existing wells, rainfall, topographic feature and the result of satellite image analysis (1) Yield of existing wells The distribution of well yield in IDB is presented in Figure 4-21. This map includes the results of the test borehole drilling in this study. The provided yield values were sometimes too high and there were possibility of unsuitable way of the pumping test and analysis method applied. Nevertheless the production of the yield distribution map has some degree of positive meaning because the feature of relative productivity in whole IDB can be read from this map. The yield distribution map is shown in Figure 4-21. Figure 4-21 Well Yield Distribution of Existing Wells 4-32 The Study on the Groundwater Resources Development and Management in the Internal Drainage Basin -Main Report- Chapter 4 Hydrogeology (2) Rainfall Average annual rainfall for 30 years up to 1970th was shown in Chapter 2. (3) Topography Recharge areas or direction of water flow are read from topography. Top of mountain and steep slope area are considered to be impossible to develop groundwater. These areas are eliminated as masked area. (4) Satellite Image Analysis Mainly VSW index map was referred for this analysis. Comparison between the VSW index map and the existing geological map can be used for the interpretation of productivity analysis. In the VSW map (refer to Figure 4-8), Blue colour shows water (moisture), Green colour shows vegetation, Red colour shows soil, basically. Other colours should be interpreted shown as below. Especially, in this area, lakes and swamps show the different colours. Table 4-13 Interpretation of VSW Map Color Phenomenon Representative place Lake Babati, Lake Singida, some Blue Water other small lakes Dark green Wet forest Several part (not large area) Light green Forest, congestion of trees Uyui, Sikonge, Manyoni Orange Sand area Around Singida Bare land Sediment in Massai Steppe Red Volcanic ash Northern part of IDB Lake Natron, Lake Eyasi, Lake Purple-red Saline lake, swamp Manyara, Bahi swamp, part of Bubu river Mbuga clay Several places at locally low area Purple Basaltic rocks Around volcanoes Groundwater productivity was estimated from geological condition and above data. Groundwater productivity classification map for hydrogeological map is shown in Figure 4-22. The feature of productivity distribution is assembled in Table 4-14. 4-33 32 33 34 Longitude (degree) 35 36 37 -2 -2 !. Loliondo 4 Reso on the Groundwater The Study -3 -3 Maswa !. Monduli Karatu !. !. "/ Meatu !. Arusha Kishapu Shimyanga !. "/ urces Development and Management Developmentand Management urces !. Mbulu -4 -4 Legend Kiomboi !. "/ Babati 4-34 Productivity !. !. Nzega Igunga Excellent (over 20 m3/h) !. !. Very good (10 - 20 m3/h) Good (8 - 15 m3/h) Singida Latitude (degree) Fair A (5 - 10 m3/h) "/ !. Fair B (3 - 7 m3/h) -5 "/ Kondoa -5 -Main Report- Fair C (2 - 4 m3/h) Poor (1 - 3 m3/h) !. Very Poor (0.5 - 1.5 m3/h) Kiteto Undevelopable Basin Drainage Internal in the Lake, Swamp Hydrogeology 4 Chapter !. Mbuga Clay Manyoni "/ Region Capital -6 -6 !. District Capital Dodoma Sub Basin "/ Major Fault 015 306090120 Kilometers 32 33 34 35 36 37 Figure 4-22 Groundwater Productivity Classification Map for Hydrogeological Map The Study on the Groundwater Resources Development and Management in the Internal Drainage Basin -Main Report- Chapter 4 Hydrogeology Table 4-14 Groundwater Productivity Condition in IDB Estimated Productivity Place Description (m3/h) Along large scale fault Fracture zone related to the Great Excellent over 20 Rift Valley System The belt area from west of Boundary area between granitic rock Mbulu district through east of area and Usagaran metamorphic Hanang disrtrict and west of rock area. Babati district to Kondoa district Very Good 10 - 20 Foot of volcanoes Much amount of recharge is expected from the mountains The south of Loliondo Much rainfall in Usagaran metamorphic rock area The west of Shinyanga town, The place which has many fault or around Maswa town, north of lineament and inselberg in granitic Tinde village, south of Igunga rock area district, west of Singida rural district, northwest of Dodoma town, around Loliondo town. Good 8 - 15 Uyui and Sikonge district Karatu district Much amount of recharge is expected from Ngorongoro mountain Around Loliondo Much rainfall in Usagaran metamorphic rock area Kishapu district, Igunga district, Most of granitic rock area the north of Iramba district Around Kiteto town, Mbulu Hilly area of Usagaran metamorphic Fair A 5 - 10 district rock Around Lake Manyara, Lake Manyara sediment has groundwater recharge from surounding mountain. Between Maswa and Kishapu Plateau of granitic area has low districs recharge of groundwater Bahi lowland area Clayey sand Fair B 3 - 7 southern part of Monduli district Usagaran metamorphic rock (Xs-a) and the northeast of Babati district Eastern part of Meatu district Fresh granitic rock is distributed Lowland surrounding Manonga Clayey sediment Fair C 2 – 4 river, Lake kitangiri, Lake Eyasi, and Wembere swamp Masai Steppe Less rainfall Shinyanga Rural district Less recharge of groundwater Poor 1 – 3 Oldubai to Lake Natron Less recharge of groundwater West of Longido Volcanic ash West of Uyui district, east of Less fracture of granitic rock Meatu town Very Poor 0.5 – 1.5 Lowland surrounding High evaporation Kitumbeine mountain 4-35 The Study on the Groundwater Resources Development and Management in the Internal Drainage Basin -Main Report- Chapter 4 Hydrogeology 4.5.2 Hydrogeological Mapping Adding the geological distribution, water quality and water level to the productivity distribution, Hydrogeological Map was completed. The hydrogeological map is shown in Figure 4-23. Mbuga clay areas which become marsh in rainy season are shown in the map by grey in colour. It is difficult to construct a water supply facility in this area. Steep slope areas, which are cliff of fault and top of mountain area, are shown as impossible area for development of groundwater. Groundwater potential by district is roughly evaluated based on the hydrogeological map. Score of the evaluation is divided into three. The criteria are shown in Table 4-15. The result is shown in Table 4-16. According to this result, Karatu district and Babati district have high potential for groundwater development. Detailed potential evaluation is discussed in chapter 5. Table 4-15 Criteria of the Evaluation of Groundwater Potential Score Good Fair Poor Item ( Ο ) ( ∆ ) ( Χ ) Drilling depth Less than 80 m 80 - 150 m Over 150 m Static Water Less than 20 m 20 - 40 m Over 40 m Level Productivity Over 10 m3/h 2 - 10 m3/h Less than 2 m3/h Salinity Less than 100 mS/m 100 - 300 mS/m over 300 mS/m Fluoride Less than 1.5 mg/l 1.5 - 4.0 mg/l Over 4.0 mg/l 4-36 The Study on the Groundwater Resources Development and Management in the Internal Drainage Basin -Main Report- Chapter 4 Hydrogeology Table 4-16 Outline of Groundwater Development Potential by District Drilling Produc- Region District SWL Salinity Fluoride Remarks depth tivity Northern part: relativeru good Monduli Χ Χ Χ ∆ ∆ Southern part Poor Arumeru Χ Χ Ο ∆ Χ High fluoride contents Arusha Nothern highland and Southern part are Ngorongoro ∆ Ο ∆ ∆ ∆ good Eastern and western lowlands are poor Karatu Ο Ο Ο Ο Ο Highland is good, Magugu area has Babati Ο Ο Ο Ο Ο saline groundwater Mbulu Ο ∆ ∆ Ο Ο Around Mt. Hanang: high fluoride, Manyara Hanang Χ Χ ∆ ∆ Χ Basotu lowland has saline water Ndedo, Makame lowland has saline Kiteto Χ Χ Χ Χ ∆ groundwater Simanjiro Χ ∆ Χ Χ ∆ Dodoma Χ ∆ Ο ∆ Ο Bahi lowland has saliine groundwater Dodoma Kondoa Χ ∆ Ο Ο Ο Singida ∆ Ο ∆ ∆ Χ High productivity area along faults Singida Manyoni ∆ ∆ ∆ Ο Ο Iramba ∆ Ο ∆ ∆ Χ Locally high salinity groundwater Locally high Fluoride contents, West Shinynga Ο Ο ∆ Χ Χ sided of Shinyanga town has high productivity Around Maswa town has high Shinaynga Maswa Ο Ο ∆ Χ Χ productivity Meatu Ο Ο ∆ Χ Χ High fluoride and salinity area Kishapu Ο Ο ∆ Χ Χ High fluoride and salinity area Locally high fluoride contents, Lowland Igunga Ο ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ area has saline groundwater Nzega Ο Ο ∆ ∆ Ο Tabora Locally high saline groundwater and Uyui Ο ∆ ∆ Ο Ο high fluoride contents near Wembere swamp Sikonge Ο ∆ ∆ Ο Ο 4-37 Longitude (degree) 32 33 34 35 36 37 -2 20 -2 40 4 Reso on the Groundwater The Study 0 6 0 10 5 0 0 1 0 0 6 3 0 4 120 5 0 1 50 Legend 50 Productivity 50 0 -3 2 -3 0 5 Excellent (over 20 m3/h) 1 20 4 0 0 2 0 0 5 0 30 2 2 Very good (10 - 20 m3/h) 0 1 00 0 0 6 0 40 3 0 Good (8 - 15 m3/h) 0 0 0 5 1 8 0 2 0 Fair A (5 - 10 m3/h) 2 40 0 0 0 5 60 3 1 0 20 Fair B (3 - 7 m3/h) 4 30 0 0 4 0 2 5 150 0 0 1 1 2 50 2 40 0 50 1 Fair C (2 - 4 m3/h) 50 30 60 0 1 0 5 urces Development and Management Developmentand Management urces 4 150 0 0 0 0 8 6 5 40 2 Poor (1 - 3 m3/h) 2 0 150 0 20 0 0 3 -4 50 -4 Very Poor (0.5 - 1.5 m3/h) 0 0 2 2 5 0 2 20 0 4 0 2 0 1 1 50 0 5 0 5 0 1 Undevelopable 5 1 5 1 0 0 1 2 2 0 50 5 0 5 2 4-38 0 0 20 Lake, Swamp 0 0 20 4 5 3 50 1 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 6 3 20 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 2 3 50 150 3 0 Geological Unit 1 0 1 50 0 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 6 20 4 80 1 4 5 0 0 0 6 0 2 0 1 Cenozoic Sediment 0 0 2 3 5 4 0 0 50 0 0 0 0 5 4 5 2 1 5 5 0 0 0 150 4 0 50 Volcanic Rock 5 50 20 0 Latitude (degree)Latitude
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