Appendix: Lakes of the East African Rift System
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti
Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DER GRADES DES DOKTORS DER PHILOSOPHIE DER UNIVERSTÄT HAMBURG VORGELEGT VON YASIN MOHAMMED YASIN from Assab, Ethiopia HAMBURG 2010 ii Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti by Yasin Mohammed Yasin Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR (POLITICAL SCIENCE) in the FACULITY OF BUSINESS, ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES at the UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG Supervisors Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff HAMBURG 15 December 2010 iii Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my doctoral fathers Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit and Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff for their critical comments and kindly encouragement that made it possible for me to complete this PhD project. Particularly, Prof. Jakobeit’s invaluable assistance whenever I needed and his academic follow-up enabled me to carry out the work successfully. I therefore ask Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit to accept my sincere thanks. I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Klaus Mummenhoff and the association, Verein zur Förderung äthiopischer Schüler und Studenten e. V., Osnabruck , for the enthusiastic morale and financial support offered to me in my stay in Hamburg as well as during routine travels between Addis and Hamburg. I also owe much to Dr. Wolbert Smidt for his friendly and academic guidance throughout the research and writing of this dissertation. Special thanks are reserved to the Department of Social Sciences at the University of Hamburg and the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) that provided me comfortable environment during my research work in Hamburg. -
PROFILES of ATTRACTION SITES-ELGEYO MARAKWET. Tourist Attractions in Elgeyo Marakwet County Include Sports Tourism, Rivers, a Na
PROFILES OF ATTRACTION SITES-ELGEYO MARAKWET. Tourist attractions in Elgeyo Marakwet County include Sports Tourism, Rivers, A national reserve, waterfalls and the hills and escarpments. Rimoi National Reserve The National Reserve is a protected area in the kerio valley along the escarpment of the Great Rift Valley. The 66 square kilometers (25sq mi) reserve was created in 1983 and is managed by the Kenya Wildlife Service. The isolated Kerio Valley lies between the Cherangani Hills and the Tugen Hills with the Elgeyo Escarpment rising more than 1,830 meters (6,000ft) above the valley in places. The valley is 4,000 feet (1,200m) deep. It has semi-tropical vegetation on the slopes, while the floor of the valley is covered by dry thorn bush. The most comfortable time of the year is in July and August when the rains have ended and the temperatures are not excessive. The reserve is on the west side of the Kerio River, while the Lake Kamnarok National Reserve is on the east side. The reserve has beautiful scenery, prolific birdlife and camping site in the bush beside Lake Kamnarok. Gazzement of the conservation area was done to protect wildlife from rampant poaching which was going on at the time. A fence was also put up to address human wildlife conflicts. It provides unique geological scenery & biodiversity and is one of the few protected areas within the spectacular Kerio Valley. The main attraction is the groups of elephants, Culture and scenery of the Kerio valley. The Reserve has earth and gravel road network which make for an adventurous outing. -
1843 KMS Kenya Past and Present Issue 43
Kenya Past and Present Issue 43 Kenya Past and Present Editor Peta Meyer Editorial Board Marla Stone Patricia Jentz Kathy Vaughan Kenya Past and Present is a publication of the Kenya Museum Society, a not-for-profit organisation founded in 1971 to support and raise funds for the National Museums of Kenya. Correspondence should be addressed to: Kenya Museum Society, PO Box 40658, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. Email: [email protected] Website: www.KenyaMuseumSociety.org Statements of fact and opinion appearing in Kenya Past and Present are made on the responsibility of the author alone and do not imply the endorsement of the editor or publishers. Reproduction of the contents is permitted with acknowledgement given to its source. We encourage the contribution of articles, which may be sent to the editor at [email protected]. No category exists for subscription to Kenya Past and Present; it is a benefit of membership in the Kenya Museum Society. Available back issues are for sale at the Society’s offices in the Nairobi National Museum. Any organisation wishing to exchange journals should write to the Resource Centre Manager, National Museums of Kenya, PO Box 40658, Nairobi 00100, Kenya, or send an email to [email protected] Designed by Tara Consultants Ltd ©Kenya Museum Society Nairobi, April 2016 Kenya Past and Present Issue 43, 2016 Contents KMS highlights 2015 ..................................................................................... 3 Patricia Jentz To conserve Kenya’s natural and cultural heritage ........................................ 9 Marla Stone Museum highlights 2015 ............................................................................. 11 Juliana Jebet and Hellen Njagi Beauty and the bead: Ostrich eggshell beads through prehistory .................................................. 17 Angela W. -
The Life of Brine: Halophiles in 2001 Comment Mike Dyall-Smith* and Michael Danson
http://genomebiology.com/2001/2/12/reports/4033.1 Meeting report The life of brine: halophiles in 2001 comment Mike Dyall-Smith* and Michael Danson Addresses: *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia. Centre for Extremophile Research, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK. Correspondence: Mike Dyall-Smith. E-mail: [email protected] Published: 21 November 2001 reviews Genome Biology 2001, 2(12):reports4033.1–4033.3 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http://genomebiology.com/2001/2/12/reports/4033 © BioMed Central Ltd (Print ISSN 1465-6906; Online ISSN 1465-6914) reports haloarchaea found in salt ponds that have 8% salt (or A report on the International conference on Halophilic 2.3-fold concentrated seawater) but are not detectable at the Microorganisms, Sevilla, Spain, 23-27 September 2001. higher salinities usually associated with haloarchaea (20-35% salt). Discovered using 16S rRNA libraries, the new haloar- chaea are distantly related to Haloarcula. None has been cul- The 2001 halophiles meeting covered archaea, bacteria, tured but these results suggest an optimum salt concentration fungi and algae adapted to living hypersaline environments. for growth far lower than that of known haloarchaea. These deposited research Despite the absence of some American colleagues as a result represent an intermediate group of haloarchaea, not previ- of the recent terrorist attack, the meeting was full of exciting ously suspected, and offer insight into the evolution of advances (as well as pictures of salt lakes, salterns, brines extreme halophiles. -
Diversity of Halophilic Archaea in Fermented Foods and Human Intestines and Their Application Han-Seung Lee1,2*
J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (2013), 23(12), 1645–1653 http://dx.doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1308.08015 Research Article Minireview jmb Diversity of Halophilic Archaea in Fermented Foods and Human Intestines and Their Application Han-Seung Lee1,2* 1Department of Bio-Food Materials, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea 2Research Center for Extremophiles, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea Received: August 8, 2013 Revised: September 6, 2013 Archaea are prokaryotic organisms distinct from bacteria in the structural and molecular Accepted: September 9, 2013 biological sense, and these microorganisms are known to thrive mostly at extreme environments. In particular, most studies on halophilic archaea have been focused on environmental and ecological researches. However, new species of halophilic archaea are First published online being isolated and identified from high salt-fermented foods consumed by humans, and it has September 10, 2013 been found that various types of halophilic archaea exist in food products by culture- *Corresponding author independent molecular biological methods. In addition, even if the numbers are not quite Phone: +82-51-999-6308; high, DNAs of various halophilic archaea are being detected in human intestines and much Fax: +82-51-999-5458; interest is given to their possible roles. This review aims to summarize the types and E-mail: [email protected] characteristics of halophilic archaea reported to be present in foods and human intestines and pISSN 1017-7825, eISSN 1738-8872 to discuss their application as well. Copyright© 2013 by The Korean Society for Microbiology Keywords: Halophilic archaea, fermented foods, microbiome, human intestine, Halorubrum and Biotechnology Introduction Depending on the optimal salt concentration needed for the growth of strains, halophilic microorganisms can be Archaea refer to prokaryotes that used to be categorized classified as halotolerant (~0.3 M), halophilic (0.2~2.0 M), as archaeabacteria, a type of bacteria, in the past. -
Along-Axis Variations of Rift Width in a Coupled Lithosphere-Mantle
Along-Axis Variations of Rift Width in a Coupled Lithosphere-Mantle System, Application to East Africa Alexander Koptev, Eric Calais, Evgueni Burov, Sylvie Leroy, Taras Gerya To cite this version: Alexander Koptev, Eric Calais, Evgueni Burov, Sylvie Leroy, Taras Gerya. Along-Axis Variations of Rift Width in a Coupled Lithosphere-Mantle System, Application to East Africa. Geophysical Re- search Letters, American Geophysical Union, 2018, 45 (11), pp.5362 - 5370. 10.1029/2018GL077276. hal-01828935 HAL Id: hal-01828935 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01828935 Submitted on 19 May 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Geophysical Research Letters RESEARCH LETTER Along-Axis Variations of Rift Width in a Coupled 10.1029/2018GL077276 Lithosphere-Mantle System, Application Key Points: to East Africa • Impingement of a mantle plume under a lithosphere subjected to Alexander Koptev1,2 , Eric Calais3 , Evgueni Burov1,4, Sylvie Leroy1 , and Taras Gerya5 tension focuses brittle strain in the crust 1CNRS, Institut des Sciences de la Terre de -
Northern Tanzania Embodies What Is for Many Mt Kilimanjaro the Quintessential Africa
©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd N o r t h e r n T a n z a n i a Why Go? For many visitors to Tanzania, it’s all about the north. With Moshi..............................148 snow-capped Mt Kilimanjaro, wildlife-packed Ngorongoro Machame .......................153 Crater, red-cloaked Maasai warriors and the vast plains of Marangu ........................ 154 the Serengeti, northern Tanzania embodies what is for many Mt Kilimanjaro the quintessential Africa. But there’s much more to this ma- National Park ................ 156 jestic and mythical place and it would draw scores of visitors Arusha ............................161 even if it didn’t host these African icons. Arusha National Park ....176 Crater-capped Mt Meru is a climb that rivals its taller Tarangire neighbour, dry-season wildlife watching in Tarangire Na- National Park .................181 tional Park is as good as any other park in Africa, and the Lake Manyara desolate Rift Valley landscape between Lakes Manyara and National Park ................ 183 Natron will mesmerise you. Sleep in a coff ee plantation, Lake Natron .................. 186 hunt with modern-day nomads, ride camels, canoe with hip- Ngorongoro pos…well, you get the point. Conservation Area ........ 189 You couldn’t possibly do it all in one trip, but you’ll make a lifetime of memories no matter how much time you have. Lake Eyasi ..................... 194 Serengeti National Park ................ 195 When to Go Best of Culture Arusha » Cultural Tourism Programs °C/°F Temp Rainfall inches/mm (p 168 ) 40/104 16/400 » Lake Eyasi (p 194 ) 30/86 12/300 » Coffee Tours (p 149 ) 20/68 8/200 » The Maasai (p 178 ) 10/50 4/100 Best of Nature 0/32 0 J FDNOSAJJMAM » Serengeti National Park (p 195 ) Jan-Mar The Apr-May Rain Sep-Oct The best » The Crater Highlands (p 191 ) wildebeest turns roads time to travel. -
9.5 Productivity Analysis and Hydrogeological Map 9.5.1
The Study on the Groundwater Resources Development and Management in the Internal Drainage Basin -Supporting Report- Chapter 9 Hydrogeology 9.5 Productivity Analysis and Hydrogeological Map 9.5.1 Productivity Analysis Productivity distribution of groundwater was presumed by the geological condition, yield of existing wells, rainfall, topographic feature and the result of satellite image analysis (1) Yield of existing wells The yield value in the borehole catalogue was referred by its distribution map. In this regard, analysis method of pumping test was doubtable mentioning in the borehole catalogue. For example, although the yield value was very high, if the drawdown was much deeper than water struck, it could be considered that the test was conducted to exceed the possibility of aquifer. The yield distribution map is shown in Figure 9-9. Although the data distribution is uneven and the data are including some error, the distribution map can show the feature of productivity in whole IDB area relatively. 32 33 34/RQJLWXGH GHJUHH 35 36 37 -2 .! µ -2 -3 -3 .! .! .! .! .! .! -4 -4 .! /" Legend .! .! /" Region Capital .! .! District Capital Borehole Location /" MajorFaults /DWLWXGH GHJUHH .! -5 Lake -5 SubBasins Yield (m3/h) .! - 1 1.0 - 2.0 2.0 - 3.0 .! 3.0 - 4.0 4.0 - 5.0 -6 -6 5.0 - 6.5 6.5 - 8.0 8.0 - 10.0 10.0 - 15.0 015 30 60 90 120 15.0 - 20.0 Kilometers 20.0 - 32 33 34 35 36 37 Figure 9-9 Well Yield Distribution of Existing Wells 9-24 The Study on the Groundwater Resources Development and Management in the Internal Drainage Basin -Supporting Report- Chapter 9 Hydrogeology (2) Rainfall Average annual rainfall for 30 years up to 1970th was referred. -
Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Wildlife Reserve Within World's
Sentinel Vision EVT-439 Ngorongoro Conservation Area, wildlife reserve within 29 April 2019 World's largest crater Sentinel-2 MSI acquired on 16 September 2018 at 07:36:09 UTC Sentinel-2 MSI acquired on 24 September 2018 at 07:46:31 UTC Sentinel-1 CSAR IW acquired on 28 December 2018 at 15:55:36 UTC Author(s): Sentinel Vision team, VisioTerra, France - [email protected] 2D Layerstack Keyword(s): volcano caldera, canyon, UNESCO World heritage, biodiversity, Great African rift, Gregory rift, Tanzania Fig. 1 - S2 (16 & 24.09.2018) - 4,3,2 natural colour - Ngorongoro Conservation Area is a green island within a drier landscape. 2D view Ngorongoro Conservation Area is not only the spectacular landscape of several extensive volcano calderas nested along the Great African rift; it is also an oasis of life encompassing rare large mammals that sustains even during the dry season. UNESCO listed this spectacular location as a World Heritage site, its sheet notes: "The Ngorongoro Conservation Area (809,440 ha) spans vast expanses of highland plains, savanna, savanna woodlands and forests, from the plains of the Serengeti National Park in the north-west, to the eastern arm of the Great Rift Valley. The area was established in 1959 as a multiple land use area, with wildlife coexisting with semi-nomadic Maasai pastoralists practising traditional livestock grazing. It includes the spectacular Ngorongoro Crater, the world's largest caldera, and Olduvai Gorge, a 14km long deep ravine. The property has global importance for biodiversity conservation in view of the presence of globally threatened species such as the black Rhino, the density of wildlife inhabiting the Ngorongoro Crater and surrounding areas throughout the year, and the annual migration of wildebeest, zebra, Thompson's and Grant's gazelles and other ungulates into the northern plains." Overlook on the rim of Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania - Source: Thomas Huston. -
Eastern Ethiopia
©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd Eastern Ethiopia Why Go? Debre Zeyit ....................174 Most of Eastern Ethiopia is a stark landscape of dust-stained Awash National Park .....176 acacia scrub and forgettable towns. But scattered around Awash to Asaita .............178 this cloak of the commonplace are gems of genuine ad- Asaita ............................ 180 venture. Undoubtedly, the east’s pièce de résistance is the walled city of Harar. There’s still a patina of myth about this Dire Dawa ......................181 ancient town, handed down from the days when its markets Around Dire Dawa ........ 184 served as the Horn’s commercial hub and attracted powerful Harar ............................. 184 merchants, artisans and Islamic scholars. The colonial-rural Around Harar.................193 melange that is the modern city of Dire Dawa delights in its Jijiga ............................. 194 own odd way, while nature lovers can get their kicks at Ba- bille Elephant Sanctuary and Awash National Park, where the volcanic landscape takes top billing over the wildlife. The truly intrepid can follow the seemingly endless ribbon Best of Culture of asphalt north to the desolate southern Danakil Desert; » Harar’s old walled city the territory remains virtually unexplored since legendary (p 185 ) adventurer Wilfred Thesiger first thrilled the world with » Harar’s cultural guest- tales of the proud Afar. houses (p 190 ) » Koremi (p 193 ) When to Go » Dire Dawa’s markets (p 189 ) Harar °C/°F Te m p Rainfall inches/mm 30/86 6/150 Best of Nature 20/68 » Babille Elephant 4/100 Sanctuary (p 193 ) 10/50 2/50 » Hyena Feeding (p 189 ) 0/32 » Fantale Crater (p 176 ) -10/14 0 » Valley of Marvels (p 194 ) J FDAJJMAM OS N May-Sep Rainy Sep The seem- Nov-Jan Driest and hot season ingly barren months; best to sends lowland Asaita road is see elephants at temperatures up painted yellow by Babille and the to 45°C. -
Cartography and the Conception, Conquest and Control of Eastern Africa, 1844-1914
Delineating Dominion: Cartography and the Conception, Conquest and Control of Eastern Africa, 1844-1914 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Robert H. Clemm Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2012 Dissertation Committee: John F. Guilmartin, Advisor Alan Beyerchen Ousman Kobo Copyright by Robert H Clemm 2012 Abstract This dissertation documents the ways in which cartography was used during the Scramble for Africa to conceptualize, conquer and administer newly-won European colonies. By comparing the actions of two colonial powers, Germany and Britain, this study exposes how cartography was a constant in the colonial process. Using a three-tiered model of “gazes” (Discoverer, Despot, and Developer) maps are analyzed to show both the different purposes they were used for as well as the common appropriative power of the map. In doing so this study traces how cartography facilitated the colonial process of empire building from the beginnings of exploration to the administration of the colonies of German and British East Africa. During the period of exploration maps served to make the territory of Africa, previously unknown, legible to European audiences. Under the gaze of the Despot the map was used to legitimize the conquest of territory and add a permanence to the European colonies. Lastly, maps aided the capitalist development of the colonies as they were harnessed to make the land, and people, “useful.” Of special highlight is the ways in which maps were used in a similar manner by both private and state entities, suggesting a common understanding of the power of the map. -
Integrated Water Resources Management a Systems Perspective of Water Governance and Hydrological Conditions
Integrated water resources management A systems perspective of water governance and hydrological conditions Adey Nigatu Mersha INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT: A SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE OF WATER GOVERNANCE AND HYDROLOGICAL CONDITIONS Adey Nigatu Mersha Thesis committee Promotor Prof. Dr C.M.S. de Fraiture Professor of Hydraulic Engineering for Land and Water Development IHE Delft Institute for Water Education & Wageningen University & Research Co-promotor Dr I. Masih Senior Lecturer in Water Resources Planning IHE Delft Institute for Water Education Other members Prof. Dr F. Ludwig, Wageningen University & Research Prof. Dr J. Barron, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden Prof.Dr W. Bewket, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia Dr J.S. Kemerink – Seyoum, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School for Socio- Economic and Natural Sciences of the Environment (SENSE) INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT: A SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE OF WATER GOVERNANCE AND HYDROLOGICAL CONDITIONS Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the Academic Board of Wageningen University and the Academic Board of the IHE Delft Institute for Water Education for the degree of doctor to be defended in public on Thursday, 26 August at 11 a.m. in Delft, the Netherlands by Adey Nigatu Mersha Born in Debre Birhan, Ethiopia CRC Press/Balkema is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2021, Adey Nigatu Mersha Although all care is taken to ensure integrity and the quality of this publication and the information herein, no responsibility is assumed by the publishers, the author nor IHE Delft for any damage to the property or persons as a result of operation or use of this publication and/or the information contained herein.