Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 159 (2016) 97–142 Syrphidae (Diptera) of Surinam: Eristalinae and synthesis Menno Reemer The fauna of Eristalinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Surinam is reviewed. Accounts are given for 81 species of Eristalinae. These include larval rearing records for species of Ceriogaster Williston, 1888, Copestylum Macquart, 1846, Lepidomyia Loew, 1864, Ornidia Lepeletier & Serville, 1828, and Quichuana Knab, 1913. Keys are given for the Surinamese species of Meromacrus Rondani, 1848 and Palpada Macquart, 1834. Two new species are described: Lepidomyia adriaanpeteri sp. n. and Meromacrus doesburgi sp. n. A new synonymy is proposed: Meromacrus fucatus Hull, 1930 = Meromacrus ceres Hull, 1942 jun. syn. n. All species are figured with photographs. Compared with the checklist of Van Doesburg (1966), 26 species are added and four are removed. Several possibly new species are left unnamed, pending required taxonomic revisions. In total, 183 species of Syrphidae are now known from Surinam: 60 Syrphinae, 42 Microdontinae, and 81 Eristalinae. Concluding remarks are made on the number of species expected to occur in the country. Keywords: Diptera; Syrphidae; Eristalinae; Surinam; Neotropical region; keys; new species Menno Reemer, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. [email protected] Introduction Whereas the subfamilies Syrphinae (including The Eristalinae are a highly diverse group of Pipizinae, which have recently been argued to de- hoverflies, ranging in adult appearance from small serve subfamily status: Mengual et al. 2015) and Mi- to large, slender to stout, bald to furry, dull to shiny, crodontinae are considered to be monophyletic, the and plain to colourful. Adult Eristalinae are flower monophyly of the Eristalinae is still a matter of debate. visitors, feeding on pollen and nectar. Larvae of most Certain analyses have recovered several unrelated Eristalinae are saprophagous, although phytophagy tribes within this subfamily (Ståhls et al. 2003, Hippa dominates in a few lineages, and some genera or & Ståhls 2005, Reemer & Ståhls 2013). However, species within otherwise saprophagous genera have pending a better understanding of the phylogenetic shifted towards zoophagy (e.g. Nepenthosyrphus De relationships of this unnatural group, most authors Meijere, 1932 and Volucella Geoffroy, 1762). How- pragmatically choose to use the name Eristalinae in the ever, this simplistic division does little justice to traditional way. This is also done in the present paper. their large morphological and biological diversity. Van Doesburg (1962, 1966) recorded 63 species In the Neotropical region, larvae of Eristalinae can currently assigned to the Eristalinae from Surinam, be found e.g. in decaying cacti, tree resin exudate, 21 of which belong to the genus Copestylum Mac- rot-holes in trees, water-filled bromeliads, compost quart, 1846. The present work reviews Van Does- heaps, and many other kinds of decaying organic burg’s records and adds recent records as gathered matter (Thompson et al. 2010). by the author in 2005 and 2006. Previous studies Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 159: 97–142, Tables 1–6. Figs 1–171. [ISSN 0040-7496]. brill.com/tve © Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging. Published by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden. Published 1 November 2016. DOI 10.1163/22119434-15902002 Downloaded from Brill.com10/07/2021 12:27:58PM via free access <UN> 98 Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, volume 159, 2016 (Reemer 2010, 2014) have dealt with the Syrphinae Peru (from where the species was described) has a and Microdontinae of Surinam. distinct bluish shine over its entire body, which is not The identities of several species recorded in this present in the specimens from Surinam and Costa paper are uncertain, because of unresolved taxon- Rica. Otherwise the specimens are very similar in ex- omy. Species revisions are badly needed for many ternal morphology. genera occurring in the Neotropical region. Despite New records. Colakreek, 30.iii–6.iv.2006, 1 ♀; Co- this, I chose to publish the records of the unidenti- lakreek, 15–28.iv.2006, 2 ♀. fied species, with clarifying photographs and discus- sions. By doing so, the availability of this material for Ceriogaster Williston, 1888 further research will be known to future researchers The genus Ceriogaster is characterized by the pres- studying the fauna of Surinam. ence of transverse rows of short black spines on the occiput and the anterior margin of the mesoscu- tum, the depressed dorsal part of the carinate face, Material and methods the complete postmetacoxal bridge and the dilated Explanation of material and methods, as well as a anterior tarsi (Hippa 1978). The genus is closely re- list of collecting sites and acronyms of entomologi- lated to Sterphus and has been considered a subgenus cal collections, can be found in Reemer (2010). The or species group of that genus (fascithorax-group in following additional acronyms are used: ANSP Thompson 1973a). Two keys to the species of the ge- (Academy of National Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, nus have been published (Curran 1934, Hull 1943), USA), CM (Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, PA, which are both of questionable value for they rely USA), CU (Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA), strongly on colour characters that seem to be quite IRSNB (Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de variable within species. According to Thompson Belgique, Brussels, Belgium). (1999), 10 species are described and an additional four are known to be undescribed. The described species are ill defined and the genus is badly in need Results of revision. A total number of 81 species of Eristalinae are re- Three species are recognized among the mate- corded from Surinam in this paper. Habitus pho- rial from Surinam. These species are highly similar tographs of all species [except Copestylum cyanescens in colouration and external morphology, but the (Macquart)] are given in Figs 1–120. Unless stated male genitalia are distinct (Figs 121–125). A subse- otherwise, references to ‘previous records’ concern quent attempt to find names for these species was the papers by Van Doesburg (1962, 1966) and ‘new partly successful, but types of only three species were records’ are from the present author. examined: Ceriogaster panamensis Curran, 1930 (AMNH), C. scutellata Curran, 1934 (AMNH), Alipumilio Shannon, 1927 C. spinosus (Shannon, 1925) (USNM). In C. pana- A Neotropical genus of small, compactly built flies, mensis, the prescutellar spot of golden pile is much with six described and at least four undescribed spe- larger than in the specimens from Surinam, which cies. The larvae are known to develop in resin flows is why these are not considered to belong to that of trees belonging to Anacardiaceae, Burseraceae and species. Pinaceae (Thompson 1972, 1999, Rotheray et al. Characters for distinguishing the males of the three 2000, Plowden et al. 2004, Morales et al. 2009). species known from Surinam are given in Table 1. Females of C. arethusa can also be recognized (see Alipumilio cf. avispas Vockeroth species account), but no characters were found to Fig. 52 distinguish the females of the other two species. Alipumilio avispas Vockeroth, 1964: 924. Holotype The larval ecology of Ceriogaster was previously ♀: Peru, Madre de Dios (CNC). [not examined] unknown, but some larval rearing results are pre- sented here for C. spinosus. Notes. The specimens run to A. avispas Vockeroth in an unpublished draft key by F.C. Thompson, be- Ceriogaster arethusa Hull cause this is the only known species with a white plu- Figs 54, 55, 121 mule. The recently described A. athesphatus Thomp- son, 2009 (in Morales et al. 2009) can be ruled out Ceriogaster arethusa Hull, 1944: 42. Holotype ♂: because that is the only known species with a black Surinam, Paramaribo, Agricultural station ‘Wolfen- halter (yellow or white in other species). Specimens buttel’ (CU). [not examined] of A. avispas in the USNM collection (from Costa Ceriogaster arethusa Hull: Van Doesburg (1962: 19; Rica and Peru) are very similar, but a specimen from 1966: 97). Downloaded from Brill.com10/07/2021 12:27:58PM via free access <UN> Reemer: Syrphidae (Diptera) of Surinam 99 Figs 1–9. Dorsal habitus of Copestylum species. – 1, C. alcedoides ss. Van Doesburg male, Republiek 6.ix.1960; 2, C. alcedoides ss. Van Doesburg female, Perica 25.vi–9.vii.1997; 3, C. guianicum ss. Van Doesburg female, Browns- berg 6–20.vii.2001; 4, C. obliquicornis ss. Van Doesburg male, Republiek 28.viii.1959; 5, C. obliquicornis ss. Van Doesburg female, Zanderij 8.v.1963; 6, C. cyanoproctum ss. Van Doesburg female, Lelydorp 5.v.1964; 7, C. tym- panitis male, Paramaribo 21.vii.1961; 8, C. tympanitis female, Langatabbetje 19.iii.2006; 9, C. vagum ss. Van Does- burg male, Sipaliwini 14.vi.1961. Scale bar: 10 mm. Downloaded from Brill.com10/07/2021 12:27:58PM via free access <UN> 100 Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, volume 159, 2016 Figs 10–21. Dorsal habitus of Copestylum species. – 10, C. claripennis ss. Van Doesburg male, Paramaribo 7.ix.1958; 11, C. claripennis ss. Van Doesburg female, Paramaribo 3.vii.1959; 12, C. brevifacies ss. Van Does- burg male, Wilhelmina mts. 20.viii.1963; 13, C. musicanum ss. Van Doesburg male, Paramaribo 8.iv.1963; 14, C. musicanum ss. Van Doesburg female, Paloemeu 20.xi.1965; 15, C. SUR-04 female, Mapane area 28.v.1963; 16, C. pallens var. quadripunctatum male, paratype, Paramaribo 17.ix.1960; 17, C. pallens ss. Van Doesburg female, Paramaribo 15.v.1959; 18, C. SUR-05 male, Pepejoe 20.v.1952; 19, C. pallidum ss. Van Doesburg male, Brownsberg 2.iv.2006; 20, C. pallidum ss. Van Doesburg female, Brownsberg 2.iv.2006; 21, C. SUR-06 female, Bakhuis Mts. 3–13.iii.2006. Scale bar: 10 mm. Downloaded from Brill.com10/07/2021 12:27:58PM via free access <UN> Reemer: Syrphidae (Diptera) of Surinam 101 Figs 22–33. Dorsal habitus of Copestylum species. – 22, C. fractum male, Brownsberg 5.iii.2006; 23, C.