DOCSLIB.ORG

Isotope Hydrology Model and Stable Isotopes in Sediment Records from Balkan Lakes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Isotope Hydrology Model and Stable Isotopes in Sediment Records from Balkan Lakes Global NEST Journal, Vol 22, No X, pp XX-XX Copyright© 2020 Global NEST Printed in Greece. All rights reserved Isotope hydrology model and stable isotopes in sediment records from Balkan lakes Chantzi P.* and Almpanakis K. Laboratory of Physical Geography, Department of Physical & Environmental Geography, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Hellas, Greece Received: 02/02/2019, Accepted: 17/03/2020, Available online: 27/05/2020 *to whom all correspondence should be addressed: e-mail: [email protected] https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.003058 Graphical abstract 1. Introduction Mediterranean area is strongly affected by climate change with a strong impact on the hydrological cycle (Luterbacher et al., 2005; Fletcher and Zielhofer, 2013; Lelieveld et al., 2012). Several climate models end up to interannual variability for both temperature and precipitation (Giorgi, 2006). Moreover, palaeoclimatic reconstructions highlightPROOFS climate and hydrology variation in Mediterranean area during Holocene. In this frame, topography, geomorphological environment, and human activities define how these complex processes balance as regards human societies. Today, it is very important to have in-depth knowledge about past climate variations and modern environment in order to build our future actions with respect to ecological and social impacts. Lakes give the opportunity to assess climate variation as Abstract 1) they are worldwide representing different climate Isotope mass balance in lake systems is strongly conditions (temperature, precipitation, moisture), correlated with several climatic factors such as geographic location (north, south), hydrology systems temperature, evaporation, precipitation and (open, closed, semi-closed), water types (fresh/sea water air moisture. On the other hand, the sedimentary or mixing processes), 2) the response in long-term budget of lake basins driven by climate, tectonic intervals including records of hydrologic extremes, 3) they and/or human impact is an essential pool of are directly linked to climate variations incorporating the environmental records. Precipitation, springs and lake climate-driven episodes of their basins. Isotope mass water δD and δ18O isotope data were used in order to balance in lake systems is strongly correlated with several understand the key factors for the hydrological climatic factors such as temperature, evaporation, balance of Balkan lakes in West Macedonia. In general, it precipitation and air moisture. The well response of is concluded that the open lake Ohrida and isotope hydrology model to different water bodies makes the semi-closed lake Kastoria are more buffered it a reliable tool to assess hydrological studies. Several hydrological as karst systems and less sensitive to studies have been published regarding the estimation of evaporationUNCORRECTED effect, in contrast to the closed water balance parameters such as evaporation (E), inflow lake system of Prespes that present a strong dependence (I) and the corresponding ratio (E/I), the residence time of on climate seasonality. Based on oxygen water in the lake (Turner et al., 2014; Narancic et al., isotopes in bulk sediments, it is concluded that in Kastoria 2017; MacDonald et al., 2017; Gibson et al., 2002; lake basin an increased run-off on the land surface, Petermann et al., 2018), and water yield (Bennett et al., probably under a more humid period, in 2.4 kyr BP 2008; Gibson et al., 2010; 2017). However, isotope mass disturbed the transition to a drier regime from mid/late balance approach using hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) Holocene to present. stable isotopes overcomes the lack or the limited Keywords: Lake Kastoria, Holocene, Mediterranean, instrumental data concluding in reliable estimations Balkan, palaeoclimate, stable isotopes, sediments. regarding different lake hydrology systems (Haig, et al., 2020). On the other hand, the sedimentary budget of lake Chantzi P. and Almpanakis K. (2020), Isotope hydrology model and stable isotopes in sediment records from Balkan lakes, Global NEST Journal, 22(XX), XX-XX. 2 CHANTZI AND ALMPANAKIS basins driven by climate, tectonic and/or human impact is δ() a*δ h δ ε) /( 1 h ε (3) an essential pool of environmental records. In this study, E L A k we focus on oxygen isotopes 18O/16O as an ideal tracer for where, h: relative humidity normalized to the saturation water cycle and its signature in bulk sediments. Our vapor pressure at the temperature of the air-water interest is focused in the three hydrological different lakes interface, δA: the isotopic value of the air-vapor over the 18 Ohrida, Prespes and Kastoria in south Balkans. Our main lake, εk: kinetic fraction factor, for δ O with εk~14.2(1-h) objectives are (1) to underline the correspondence of ‰ (Gonfiantini, 1986) isotope mass balance model to three well-defined lakes, ** , where 10001 * and (2) to reach a new conclusion about paleoclimatic k conditions in Kastoria lake basin. α*: equilibrium isotopic fractionation factor dependent on 2. Materials and methods the temperature at the evaporating surface 18 2 1 3 2.1. Isotope mass balance model for lake systems O:1/a* exp1137T( – 0.415T –2.0667*10 (4) LL The isotopic mass balance (eq. 2) is based on the water mass balance (eq. 1) for a well-mixed lake with constant 2H:1/a* exp24844T( 2 –76.248T 1 –52.61*10 3 (5) LL water density: TL: temperature of the lake surface water in degrees d V / d t P Q – E Q (1) Kelvin (Majoube, 1971) io Eq. 5 describes an additional equation for δE as proposed dV( δL/dt) Pδ Qδ–Eδ Q δ (2) P i P E o L by Benson and White (1994) based on the same evaporation theory which has been used in other lake where: V and t, are the lake volume and unit time. P and E models (Ricketts and Johnson, 1996). are precipitation and evaporation on lake surface per unit time. Q factor is calculated by the surface and R R/a RHfR / 1RH/a RH1 f (6) e Leq adad kin ad groundwater budget (Qx = Sx + Gx), where o and i markers correspond to outflow and inflow respectively. where, Rad: isotopePROOFS ratio of the free atmospheric water The isotope values of precipitation, evaporation and lake vapor with respect to VSMOW, RH: relative humidity, and water are induced by δP, δE and δL respectively. αeq: fractionation factor dependent on equilibrium The results are expressed in standard delta notation (δ) as isotopic fractionation factor with αeq = (1/α*), αkin: per mil (‰) deviation from the standard V-SMOW as: δ = fractionation factor dependent on wind speed where αkin -1 ((Rsample − Rstandard)/Rstandard) × 1000, where Rsample and = 0.994 for wind speeds less than 6.8 m*s (Merlivat and 2 1 18 16 Rstandard = H/ H or O/ O of sample and standard, Jouzel, 1979), fad: fraction of atmospheric water vapor in respectively. δP and δL are directly measurable on a water the boundary layer over the lake where fad = 0 in case that sample however it is not as easy for δE. Craig and Gordon all the atmospheric water overlying the lake is derived (1965) reported an evaporation model that is used to from evaporation, rather than atmospheric moisture. calculate δE (eq. 3): 18 Table 1. Summary of average annual hydro-climate factors from GNIP (IAEA/WMO, 2017) data and calculated δ OL values for hydrologically closed lakes from Chantzi and Almpanakis, 2018 T (°C) δ18O ‰ VSMOW Altitude (m asl) RH (%) d-excess (1) δ18Ο (2) δ18Ο (3) δ18Ο Mean (1,2) δ18Ο av p L L L L Pedeli Athens 15.2 -7.48 451 71 14.98 -4.65 4.40 -2.89 0.76 Thessaloniki 16 -6.69 93 71 9.03 -3.81 5.16 -2.01 1.57 Patra 18.1 -5.78 112 65 10.99 -2.39 6.23 -0.26 2.99 Edirne, Turkey 15 -8.24 80 71 11.58 -5.4 3.66 -3.63 0.01 aMean SW 20.6 -9.305 0 38 - -2.27 5.64 1.55 3.60 a: Gat et al., 1996; (1): values from Eq3 that corresponds better to the period with high water-table as it cannot render accurately the evaporation process; (2): values from Eq.6 with Fad = 0 that correspond to water vapor of evaporation origin; (3): values from Eq.6 with Fad = 0 that correspond to water vapor of atmospheric moisture origin 3 factor for hydrological closed lakes. Τhe origin of Finally, δE is calculated by δi = (Ri − 1)10 and Ri = UNCORRECTEDatmospheric water vapor in the boundary layer over the (Ri/Rstandard) where R is the isotope ratio and the standard, in this case, is VSMOW. lake plays an important role in the isotopic signature of lake waters (equations of Benson and White, 1994; 2.2. Methodology Ricketts and Johnson, 1996). In fact, the actual mechanism Limnological isotope theory (Leng and Marshall, 2004; is a continuous refresh where the air above the lake Roberts et al., 2008) is based on climatic factors and constantly supplies the evaporation process permitting precipitation-evaporation balance (P/E) for hydrological molecules to pass from the liquid to vapor phase and open and closed lake systems. In the first case, the origin leaving the lake surface. The main incoming air flow of precipitation and temperature oscillations determine pattern in the Mediterranean area is controlled by the 18 the isotopic signature of lake water (δ OLW) instant of the Atlantic Ocean through the Iberian Peninsula or France precipitation-evaporation balance (P/E) that is the key (for the western Mediterranean) or from the European ISOTOPE HYDROLOGY MODEL AND STABLE ISOTOPES IN SEDIMENT RECORDS FROM BALKAN LAKES 3 continent (for the eastern Mediterranean). Table 1 shows loose deposits. Long term water isotope data in the wider IAEA stations with average annual hydro-climate factors area (Figure 3) present a range from -11.1‰ to -8.7‰ for 18 18 from GNIP (IAEA/WMO, 2017) data and calculated δ OL δ Ο and from -69.2‰ to -50.1‰ for δD with respect to values for hydrologically closed lakes.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Messinian Vegetation and Climate of the Intermontane Florina-Ptolemais
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/848747; this version posted November 25, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 1 Messinian vegetation and climate of the intermontane Florina-Ptolemais-Servia Basin, 2 NW Greece inferred from palaeobotanical data: How well do plant fossils reflect past 3 environments? 4 5 Johannes M. Bouchal1*, Tuncay H. Güner2, Dimitrios Velitzelos3, Evangelos Velitzelos3, 6 Thomas Denk1 7 8 1Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Palaeobiology, Box 50007, 10405 9 Stockholm, Sweden 10 2Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Botany, Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, 11 Turkey 12 3National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, 13 Section of Historical Geology and Palaeontology, Greece 14 15 16 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/848747; this version posted November 25, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 17 The late Miocene is marked by pronounced environmental changes and the appearance of 18 strong temperature and precipitation seasonality. Although environmental heterogeneity is to 19 be expected during this time, it is challenging to reconstruct palaeoenvironments using plant 20 fossils. We investigated leaves and dispersed spores/pollen from 6.4–6 Ma strata in the 21 intermontane Florina-Ptolemais-Servia Basin (FPS) of NW Greece.
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey of Scale Insects in Soil Samples from Europe (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha)
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 565: 1–28A survey (2016) of scale insects in soil samples from Europe (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha) 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.565.6877 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A survey of scale insects in soil samples from Europe (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha) Mehmet Bora Kaydan1,2, Zsuzsanna Konczné Benedicty1, Balázs Kiss1, Éva Szita1 1 Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó u. 15 H-1022 Budapest, Hungary 2 Çukurova Üniversity, Imamoglu Vocational School, Adana, Turkey Corresponding author: Éva Szita ([email protected]) Academic editor: R. Blackman | Received 17 October 2015 | Accepted 31 December 2015 | Published 17 February 2016 http://zoobank.org/50B411DB-C63F-4FA4-8D1F-C756B304FBD7 Citation: Kaydan MB, Konczné Benedicty Z, Kiss B, Szita É (2016) A survey of scale insects in soil samples from Europe (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha). ZooKeys 565: 1–28. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.565.6877 Abstract In the last decades, several expeditions were organized in Europe by the researchers of the Hungarian Natural History Museum to collect snails, aquatic insects and soil animals (mites, springtails, nematodes, and earthworms). In this study, scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) specimens extracted from Hun- garian Natural History Museum soil samples (2970 samples in total), all of which were collected using soil and litter sampling devices, and extracted by Berlese funnel, were examined. From these samples, 43 scale insect species (Acanthococcidae 4, Coccidae 2, Micrococcidae 1, Ortheziidae 7, Pseudococcidae 21, Putoidae 1 and Rhizoecidae 7) were found in 16 European countries. In addition, a new species belong- ing to the family Pseudococcidae, Brevennia larvalis Kaydan, sp.
    [Show full text]
  • ANASTASIOS GEORGOTAS “Archaeological Tourism in Greece
    UNIVERSITY OF THE PELOPONNESE ANASTASIOS GEORGOTAS (R.N. 1012201502004) DIPLOMA THESIS: “Archaeological tourism in Greece: an analysis of quantitative data, determining factors and prospects” SUPERVISING COMMITTEE: - Assoc. Prof. Nikos Zacharias - Dr. Aphrodite Kamara EXAMINATION COMMITTEE: - Assoc. Prof. Nikolaos Zacharias - Dr. Aphrodite Kamara - Dr. Nikolaos Platis ΚΑΛΑΜΑΤΑ, MARCH 2017 Abstract . For many decades now, Greece has invested a lot in tourism which can undoubtedly be considered the country’s most valuable asset and “heavy industry”. The country is gifted with a rich and diverse history, represented by a variety of cultural heritage sites which create an ideal setting for this particular type of tourism. Moreover, the variations in Greece’s landscape, cultural tradition and agricultural activity favor the development and promotion of most types of alternative types of tourism, such as agro-tourism, religious, sports and medicinal tourism. However, according to quantitative data from the Hellenic Statistical Authority, despite the large number of visitors recorded in state-run cultural heritage sites every year, the distribution pattern of visitors presents large variations per prefecture. A careful examination of this data shows that tourist flows tend to concentrate in certain prefectures, while others enjoy little to no visitor preference. The main factors behind this phenomenon include the number and importance of cultural heritage sites and the state of local and national infrastructure, which determines the accessibility of sites. An effective analysis of these deficiencies is vital in order to determine solutions in order to encourage the flow of visitors to the more “neglected” areas. The present thesis attempts an in-depth analysis of cultural tourism in Greece and the factors affecting it.
    [Show full text]
  • The Aromanians in Macedonia
    Macedonian Historical Review 3 (2012) Македонска историска ревија 3 (2012) EDITORIAL BOARD: Boban PETROVSKI, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Macedonia (editor-in-chief) Nikola ŽEŽOV, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Macedonia Dalibor JOVANOVSKI, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Macedonia Toni FILIPOSKI, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Macedonia Charles INGRAO, Purdue University, USA Bojan BALKOVEC, University of Ljubljana,Slovenia Aleksander NIKOLOV, University of Sofia, Bulgaria Đorđe BUBALO, University of Belgrade, Serbia Ivan BALTA, University of Osijek, Croatia Adrian PAPAIANI, University of Elbasan, Albania Oliver SCHMITT, University of Vienna, Austria Nikola MINOV, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Macedonia (editorial board secretary) ISSN: 1857-7032 © 2012 Faculty of Philosophy, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Macedonia University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius - Skopje Faculty of Philosophy Macedonian Historical Review vol. 3 2012 Please send all articles, notes, documents and enquiries to: Macedonian Historical Review Department of History Faculty of Philosophy Bul. Krste Misirkov bb 1000 Skopje Republic of Macedonia http://mhr.fzf.ukim.edu.mk/ [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS 7 Nathalie DEL SOCORRO Archaic Funerary Rites in Ancient Macedonia: contribution of old excavations to present-day researches 15 Wouter VANACKER Indigenous Insurgence in the Central Balkan during the Principate 41 Valerie C. COOPER Archeological Evidence of Religious Syncretism in Thasos, Greece during the Early Christian Period 65 Diego PEIRANO Some Observations about the Form and Settings of the Basilica of Bargala 85 Denitsa PETROVA La conquête ottomane dans les Balkans, reflétée dans quelques chroniques courtes 95 Elica MANEVA Archaeology, Ethnology, or History? Vodoča Necropolis, Graves 427a and 427, the First Half of the 19th c.
    [Show full text]
  • Elephas Antiquus in Greece: New finds and a Reappraisal of Older Material (Mammalia, Proboscidea, Elephantidae)
    Quaternary International xxx (2010) 1e11 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quaint Elephas antiquus in Greece: New finds and a reappraisal of older material (Mammalia, Proboscidea, Elephantidae) Evangelia Tsoukala a,*, Dick Mol b, Spyridoula Pappa a, Evangelos Vlachos a, Wilrie van Logchem c, Markos Vaxevanopoulos d, Jelle Reumer e a Aristotle University, School of Geology, University campus, 54 124 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece b Natural History Museum Rotterdam and Mammuthus Club International, Gudumholm 41, 2133 HG Hoofddorp, The Netherlands c Mammuthus Club International, Bosuilstraat 12, 4105 WE Culemborg, The Netherlands d Ministry of Culture, Ephorate of Palaeoanthropology-Speleology of Northern Greece, Navarinou 28, 55131, Thessaloniki, Greece e Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University and Natural History Museum Rotterdam, PO Box 23452, 3001 KL Rotterdam, The Netherlands article info abstract Article history: This paper briefly describes some recently discovered remains of the straight-tusked elephant, Elephas Available online xxx antiquus, from Greece. Material of this extinct proboscidean was found in four localities in Northern Greece: Kaloneri and Sotiras in Western Macedonia, Xerias in Eastern Macedonia, and Larissa in Thessaly. In addition, published elephant remains from Ambelia, Petres and Perdikas, also from Northern Greece, are reinterpreted and also attributed to E. antiquus. Of all these, the Kaloneri elephant shows an inter- esting paleopathology: it was disabled by a broken right tusk. Ó 2010 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction of E. namadicus comes from India. Maglio (1973) considered the Asiatic form E. namadicus to be a senior synonym of the European Fossil Proboscidea are known from Neogene and Quaternary form E.
    [Show full text]
  • GREECE in Gures
    GREECE in gures July - September 2015 ΤΑΤΙΣ Σ Τ Ι Η Κ Κ Η Ι Ν Α Ρ Η Χ Λ Η Λ Ε • www.statistics.gr HELLENIC STATISTICAL AUTHORITY 1 Foreword FOREWORD The Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT) through the new quarterly publication Greece in figures, published in both the Greek and English languages, presents statistical data providing an updated demographic, social and economic picture of Greece in a clear and comprehensive manner. The publication Greece in figures is intended for users of sta - tistics who seek to have a comprehensive view of Greece, on the basis of the most recent statistical data. The statistical time series included in this publication are, mostly, compiled by ELSTAT. Furthermore, for comparability reasons, the pub - lication also presents, by theme, selected tables with statisti - cal data of EU Member States. The publication will be updated with the most recent data on a quarterly basis and will be posted on the portal of ELSTAT on the first Wednesday of January, April, July and Octo - ber . For more information on the data and statistics provided in Greece in figures , please contact the Division of Statistical In - formation and Publications of ELSTAT (tel: +30 213 1352021, +30 213 1352301, e-mail: [email protected]). We welcome any suggestions and recommendations on the content of the publication. Andreas V. Georgiou President of ELSTAT 2 3 Contents CONTENTS Foreword 3 Land and climate 1. Surface area of Greece 11 2. Principal mountains of Greece 11 3. Principal lakes of Greece 11 4. Principal rivers of Greece 12 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Lake Vegoritida's Water Level and Catchment Area Alterations As A
    European Water 56: 3-12, 2016. © 2016 E.W. Publications Lake Vegoritida’s water level and catchment area alterations as a result of natural processes and human interventions L. Karamoutsou1*, A. Psilovikos1, P. Stålnacke 2 and C. Farkas2 1 Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Str., 38445, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece 2 Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, NIBIO, Frederik A. Dahls vei, 20, 1430, Ås, Norway * e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The catchment of Lake Vegoritida is a highly fragile environment. Within its borders there are four inland lakes hydraulically connected to each other. The area is historically characterized by intense industrial and agricultural activities. The objectives of this paper are the following: a) to study and report the modifications occurred to the Vegoritida’s Lake water level and the catchment’s area size due to human activities during the last sixty years (1955- 2016) and b) to review the existing scientific literature concerning the water balance of the lake and its water pollution. To this purpose, the software packages ArcGIS and Surfer were used. The results revealed that due to the completion of hydraulic projects construction that took place in the area, the catchment area was increased by 537% in comparison to 1955. Moreover, the lowest estimations for the absolute altitude, area size covered and water volumes of the lake correspond to the year 2002. However, since 2002 an increase in these parameters has occurred. Systematic information exchange and cooperation between farmers, water agencies, Public Power Corporation (PPC) and research institutes is proposed for the optimal utilization of the water resources of the area.
    [Show full text]
  • EL.TECH-ANEMOS-Prese
    Company presentation June 2018 Disclaimer This presentation contains forward-looking statements. The words "believe", "expect", "anticipate", "intend", "plan“, “target”, “aim”, “will”, “may”, “would”, “could” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this presentation including, without limitation, those regarding the Group’s financial position, business strategy, plans and objectives of management for future operations (including development plans and objectives related to the Group’s products), are forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the Group’s actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performances or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are based on numerous assumptions regarding the Group’s present and future business strategies and the environment in which the Group will operate in the future. Furthermore, certain forward-looking statements are based on assumptions or future events which may not prove to be accurate. The forward-looking statements in this presentation speak only as of the date of this presentation. This presentation contains market share data based on internal management as no reliable market share data is currently available from third party sources. Public information varies on definitions of segmentation and the Group may define certain product segments differently than its competitors, which may result in a different interpretation of the same information by different market participants. If a third party were to evaluate the relevant market share data in any jurisdiction in which the Group operates it may result in a different conclusion to those presented by management herein.
    [Show full text]
  • Migrant Labor in Greek Agriculture
    Migrant labor in Greek agriculture -A case study- Thesis Report Supervisor: Dr. Ir. Marrit Van Den Berg, Assistant Professor Student: Andreas Tsakiridis Registration Number: 790920-843-050 Programme: MSc in Management, Economics & Consumer Studies Specialization: Economics, Environment & Policy Chair Group: Development Economics Wageningen University & Research Center November 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 6 1.1 Background 6 1.1.1 Migration in Greece 6 1.1.2 A profile of the immigrant 7 population in Greece 1.1.3 Socio-economic effects of 10 migration in Greece 1.2 Problem statement 12 1.3 Research objectives and questions 15 Chapter 2: MIGRATION 16 THEORIES 2.1 The initiation of international 17 migration 2.2 The continuation of international 18 migration 2.3 The South European model of 19 immigration Chapter 3: LITERATURE 19 REVIEW 3.1 Household composition, labor 19 markets and labor demand 3.2 Technical and allocative efficiency 21 3.3 Earnings and occupational status 22 2 of immigrants in the host country 3.4 Remittances 23 Chapter 4: RESEARCH 25 METHODOLOGY AND DATA 4.1 Study area and data 25 4.2 Methodology 26 Chapter 5: ESTIMATION AND 30 EMPIRICAL RESULTS 5.1 Farmers’ decision on hiring extra 30 (non-family) labor 5.2 Technical and allocative efficiency 33 of farmers 5.3 Occupational choice of 38 immigrants 5.4 Remittance behavior of 42 immigrants Chapter 6: CONCLUSIONS 43 References 44 Appendices 50 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 24 3 Remittance motivations in the new economics of labor migration Figure 2 25 Location
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Greece So Far, the Four Nal Properties Worldwide
    a picture map is included Gastronomy Routes and the culture of Flavours... “The gentle art of gastronomy is a friendly one… it surpasses the language barrier, creates new friendships among civilized people and warms the heart”. Samuel Chamberlain What is “Food Travel” or “Culinary Tourism”? Who can be described as a “Food Traveler” or “Gastro-Tourist”? Nowadays, new tourism products are launched regularly: some are new venues for already existing interests while others are new products that address the demands of new niche-markets. For others, as observed in culinary tourism, it is not so much a new product but rather a focus on recognizing something that already exists, refining and improving the pursuit and enjoyment of unique food and drink experi- ences, both far and near to us! Many governments and local administration authorities throughout the world are turning to tourism initiatives not only to breathe new life into stagnating economies but also to address the grave problem of rural depopulation. Culinary tourism in rural settings holds promise as a potential springboard for rural economies to blossom…! The transaction cooperation network “Gastronomy Routes and the Culture of Flavors” involves 18 Local Action Groups which originate from four Medi- terranean countries, namely Italy, Greece, Portugal and Cyprus. The core and most crucial objective of the “Medeat” cooperation is to suc- ceed in maintaining and promoting the historical, cultural and qualitative dimensions of local cuisine, in a way that also connects it to local indus- tries, cultural events and supplementary tourist activities. This gastronomic guide presents the most interesting gastronomic itinerar- ies of the territory of Kilkis – Imathia – Kozani – Florina, in Greece, as well as practical information concerning the relative places to visit with local produce, food processing units, alternative accommodation premises and similar issues.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Heritage Tourism: Towards a Community-Led Approach
    Sustainable heritage tourism: Towards a community-led approach Mina Dragouni UCL PhD 2 3 I, Mina Dragouni confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 4 Abstract This doctoral thesis explores community participation in heritage tourism planning as a sustainable solution to real-world cultural heritage problems, such as neglect and degradation at economically-deprived areas. In particular, the study examines how the strategic design of heritage tourism can accommodate the active involvement of destination hosts, such as local residents and business owners, and their meaningful collaboration with heritage managers and policymakers. The literature suggests that destination communities are heavily affected by tourism activity and their contribution to tourism planning is vital for achieving commitment to sustainability goals. Although the theoretical grounds of community involvement are well set, heritage tourism management has been slow in applying participatory approaches. Consequently, there is little empirical work on the practical implications of realising a more pluralist governance for heritage tourism and limited evidence to convince current ‘power-holders’ such as state officials to share their power with non-expert stakeholders. This project aspires to fill this void by exploring the process and particularities of instigating community participation at destination level in areas with no previous participatory experience. By adopting the case-study approach, it explores Kastoria, a peripheral emerging destination in Greece, conducting for the first time an ex-ante assessment of the challenges and complexities involved in pursuing community involvement on Arnstein’s (1969) rungs of ‘citizen power’.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Isotope Hydrology Model and Stable Isotopes in Sediment Records from Balkan Lakes
    1 Isotope hydrology model and stable isotopes in sediment records from Balkan lakes 2 3 P. Chantzi1* and K. Almpanakis1 4 1 Laboratory of Physical Geography, Dept. of Physical & Environmental Geography, School of 5 Geology, AUTH 6 *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected], tel: +302310998508 7 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT 8 9 1 10 ABSTRACT 11 Isotope mass balance in lake systems is strongly correlated with several climatic factors such as 12 temperature, evaporation, precipitation and air moisture. On the other hand, the sedimentary budget 13 of lake basins driven by climate, tectonic and/or human impact is an essential pool of environmental 14 records. Precipitation, springs and lake water δD and δ18O isotope data were used in order to 15 understand the key factors for the hydrological balance of Balkan lakes in West Macedonia. In 16 general, it is concluded that the open lake Ohrida and the semi-closed lake Kastoria are more buffered 17 hydrological as karst systems and less sensitive to evaporation effect, in contrast to the closed lake 18 system of Prespes that present a strong dependence on climate seasonality. Based on oxygen isotopes 19 in bulk sediments, it is concluded that in Kastoria lake basin an increased run-off on the land surface, 20 probably under a more humid period, in 2.4 kyr BP disturbed the transition to a drier regime from 21 mid/late Holocene to present. 22 23 Keywords: Lake Kastoria; Holocene; Mediterranean; Balkan; palaeoclimate; stable isotopes; 24 sediments 2 25 1. Introduction 26 Mediterranean area is strongly affected by climate change with a strong impact on the hydrological 27 cycle (Luterbacher et al., 2005; Fletcher and Zielhofer, 2013; Lelieveld et al., 2012).
    [Show full text]