7-11.3, Alit Avenue, Ciulberg 5, S2 HYDRO LIMITED Lahore, Pakistan. Tel +92 (42) 3 576 0381 Fax +92 (42) 3 576 0376 Web www.sura).com
February 8, 2018
The Registrar National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA)
NEPRA Office Building, Sector G-5/1,Ataturk Avenue (East), Islamabad
Subject: Application for a Generation License
I, Ahsan Bashir, Director, being the duly authorized representative of S2 Hydro Limited S("S2H"), by virtue of Resolution of Board of Directors dated January 24, 2018, hereby apply to the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority for the grant of a Generation License to S2H pursuant to Section 15 of the Regulation of Generation, Transmission and Distribution of Electric Power Act, 1997.
I certify that the documents-in-support attached with this application are prepared and submitted in conformity with the provisions of the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority Licensing (Application and Modification Procedure) Regulations, 1999, and undertake to abide by the terms and provisions of the above-said regulations. I further undertake and confirm that the information provided in the attached documents-in-support is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief.
A Bank Draft No. 3312739 dated 30th January 2018, drawn on MCB Bank Limited, in the sum of Rupees 229,320/- only (PKR Two Hundred and Twenty Nine Thousand, Three Hundred and Twenty Only), and a Pay Order No. 9143710 dated 8th February 2018, drawn on Faysal Bank Limited, in the sum of Rupees 72/- only (PKR Seventy Two Only) being the non-refundable license application fee calculated in accordance with Schedule II to the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority Licensing (Application and Modification Procedure) Regulations, 1999, is also attached herewith.
Yours faithfully For S2 Hydro Limited offo, LAHOREig A th
Ahsan B Director 7-B-V, Aziz Avenue, Gulberg 5, S2 HYDRO LIMITED Lahore, Pakistan. Tel +92 (42) 3 576 0381 Fax +92 (42) 3 576 0376
EXTRACTS OF THE RESOLUTIONS OF BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF S2 HYDRO LIMITED
PASSED IN THEIR MEETING HELD ON JANUARY 24, 2018 AT LAHORE, PAKISTAN The Board of Directors of S2 Hydro Limited, a company, duly formed and registered in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, having incorporation no. A010925 (the "Company") and having its registered office at 7-B-V, Aziz Avenue, Gulberg 5, Lahore, Pakistan, in their meeting held on January 24, 2018, passed the following resolutions: UNANIMOUSLY RESOLVED that the Company should approach National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) for Generation License under the Regulation of • Generation, Transmission and Distribution of Electric Power Act, 1997 Further Resolved, that Mr. Ahsan Bashir, Director of the Company be and is hereby authorized to do any or all of the following acts, deeds and things, on behalf of the Company, in connection with this application to be filed with NEPRA under the Regulation of Generation, Transmission and Distribution of Electric Power Act, 1997 and the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority Licensing (Application and Modification Procedure) Regulations, 1999: • Represent the Company before NEPRA, and in doing so perform all lawful acts, deeds and things, including but not limited to filing, signing, presenting, modifying, amending, withdrawing applications and other documents, responding to any queries and meeting any objections, receiving notices and documents; and • Do all acts, deeds and things, which are ancillary and incidental to the afore-said purposes.
Further Resolved that extracts of this resolution be provided to the NEPRA with the Company seal affixed A010925
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OF PAKISTAN
COMPANY REGISTRATION LAHORE
CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORAT1
I hereby rxrtify that S2 VIVO LIMITED is this day incorporaled under the Companies Ordinance. 1 984'OCI.M.1 of 19841 and that the company is Limited by Shares.
Given under may hand this Meaty Second day of Fehrisariv. Two Thousand and Sixteen.
Fee Rs..332,000/-
NT R STRAP. PANIES PANY REGISTR TION OFFICE LAHORE.
Nn.ARL% 2-4I DATED: 224)2-2016
The Companies Ordinance, 1984
(Company Limited by Shares)
MEMORANDUM OF ASSOCIATION
OF
S2 HYDRO LIMITED
I. NAME:
The name of the Company is "S2 Hydro Limited"
IL REGISTERED OFFICE:
The Registered Office of the Company will be situated in the Province of Punjab.
ILL OBJECTS:
eel 7:191stre The Objects for which the Company is established are: () hore 46 0 1. To design. construct, own, operate, invest, run, build and ma *n generation complexes for hydel, solar, wind, coal, bio-gas and th en =.-p any part of Pakistan arid to carry on the business of clectricit ne transmission and distribution subject to permission from NEPRA/oth .tt.; authorities. , Costrti 2. To provide advisory, consultancy, operational and maintenance (0 & M) sere whatsoever in nature, including but not limited to operational, technical etc. to power projects, hydel, coal, bio-gasthermal, solar, wind or otherwise.
3. To set up undertakings for eleetricityipower generation plants and to generate, accumulate, distribute, sell and supply electricity/power for all purposes and to sell electricity to WAPDA under agreement with Government of Pakistan or to any other consumer as permitted under the law subject to permission from NEPRA'other regulatory authorities.
4. For the purpose of achieving the above objects, the Company is authorized:-
i) To borrow or raise money by means of local and foreign currency loans from scheduled banks, industrial banks, investors, private equity and financial institutions including HBFC and other specialized institutions or non-bank finance companies for the purpose of purchase, manufacture, market, supply, export and import of machinery, development of real estates, construction
1
activities and improvements, repair and renovations of buildings, warehouses, factories, sheds. offices, hospitals, ports, parks, entertainment and recreation areas, industrial zones, bridges, flyovers and sub-ways, roads, highways and motorways, high rise residential and commercial complexes, residential towns, building and for the purpose of working capital or for any other purpose.
ii) To arrange money by issue of debentures, debenture stock, perpetual or otherwise convertible into shares and to mortgage, or charge the whole or any part of the property or assets of the Company, present or future, by special assignment or to transfer or convey the same absolutely or in trust as may seem expedient and to, purchase, redeem or payoff any such securities.
iii) To purchaseiimport raw materials, machinery, equipment and allied items • required in connection thereto in any manner the company may think fit; fe- To purchase, take on lease or in exchange, hire, apply for or otherwise acquire and hold for any interest, any rights, privileges, lands, buildinveg- trademarks, patents, patent rights, copyrights, licences, /
stock-in-trade and any movable and immovable property of 4I1 or convenient for the purposes of or in connection with the flu pa or any branch or department thereof and to use, exercise, d in respect of or otherwise turn to account any property, n so acquired, subject to any permission required under the la
To open accounts with any Bank or Banks and to draw, make, ac execute, issue, negotiate and discount cheques, promissory notes, bills of exchange, bills of lading, warrants, deposit notes, debentures, letter of credit and other negotiable instruments and securities.
vi) To own, establish or have and maintain shops, branches and agencies all over Pakistan or elsewhere of the products of the company.
vii) To acquire by concession, grant, purchase, barter, licence either absolutely or conditionally and either solely or jointly with others any lands, buildings. machinery, plants, equipment, privileges, rights, licences, trademarks, patents. and other movable and immovable property of any description which the Company may deem necessary or which may seem to the Company capable of being turned to account, subject to any permission as required under the law.
viii) To invest surplus money of the Company in shares, stocks or securities of any company, debentures, debenture stocks or in any investments, short term and long term participation, term finance certificates or any other government securities in such manner as may from time to time be decided by the directors, without indulging non-banking finance business, banking business or an investment company or any other any unlawful business.
2 ix) To guarantee the performance of contracts, agreements, obligations or discharge of any debt of the company subject to the provisions of section 195 of the Companies Ordinance, 1984 in relation to the payment of any financial facility including loans, advances, letters of credit or other obligations through creation of any or all types of mortgages, charges, pledges, hypothecations, on execution of the usual banking documents or instruments or otherwise encumbrance on any or all of the movable and immovable properties of the company, either present or future or both and issuance of any other securities or sureties by any mean in favour of banks, Non-Banking Finance Companies (NBFCs) or any fmancial institutions and to borrow money for purpose of the company on such terms and conditions as may be considered proper.
x) To purchase, hold and get redeemed, debentures, bonds of any company, financial institution or any Government institutions; xi) To enter into arrangements with the government or authority (supreme, municipal, local or otherwise) or any corporation, company, or persons that may seem conducive to the Company's objects or any of them and to any such government, authority, corporation, company or pers contracts, rights, privileges and commission which the Co desirable and to carry on exercise and comply with any such decrees, rights, privileges and concessions. xii) To act as representatives. for any person. firm or company a perform sub-contracts, and also act in the business of the C by means of agents, sub-contractors and to do all or any of the herein in any part of the world and either alone or in collaborati and by or through agents. sub-contractors or otherwise. xi ii) To sell, transfer, mortgage, pledge, exchange or otherwise dispose of the whole or any part of the property or the undertaking of the Company, either together or in portions for such consideration as the Company may think fit and in particular, for shares, debenture-stock or securities of any Company purchasing the same or to any other legal entity or person, by other means, permissible under the law.
iv) To conduct, encourage, promote. support, arrange and organize seminars. symposiums, exhibitions, fairs. conferences, lectures, demonstrations and other similar activities for promotion of sales or other business interests of any person. companies, firms, individuals, associations, local or government bodies, foreign governments, and international agencies, in Pakistan and any part of world for and on behalf of customers and for that purpose to carry out market surveys. researches, training programs and other activities.
3 xv) To carry out joint venture agreements with technology suppliers, other companies or countries within the scope of the objects of the company. xvi) To establish laboratories and to employ and promote scientific research and invention, patronize such invention and enter into manufacture in collaboration with outside parties for transfer of technology from abroad and to promote transfer of technology from Pakistan abroad, and to carry on business in all other allied fields permissible by law. xvii) To get insured against losses, damages, risks, accidents and liabilities of all kinds which may affect the company whether in respect of its contracts, agreements, advances or securities or in respect of servants or employees or the company, or in respect of property belonging to or leased to or hired by the company, either by setting apart funds of the company or by effecting such insurance and in later case to pay the premium thereon. xviii) To train personnel and workers, in Pakistan and/or abroa proficiency in various specialties connected with the busi xix) To employ or appoint any persons, experts, consultants vt (including O&M contractors), brokers in connection wi company. 4..4 Waft. .61,/' xx) To issue all or any part of the original or enhanced share capital at par or at a premium or discount subject to any permission require he law. xxi) To enter into partnership or into any agreement or agreements for sharing profits union or interests, cooperation, joint venture, reciprocal concession and for facilities with any person or company whether or not having objects similar to those of this Company but in any event not to act as managing aeents. xxii) So far as is permissible in law, to offer stock option schemes to employees to grant Finds, donations, annuities, pensions, allowances, gratuities. bonuses to any employees or Directors or employees of the Company or any dependent thereof or to any charitable, religious. social, scientific, educational, industrial institutions or organization and to establish provident, gratuity and or superannuation funds for the benefit of present or ex-employees or Directors or former directors of the Company. xxiii) To pay brokerage or commission to any person or persons in consideration of his/ their subscribing, or agreeing to subscribe, whether absolutely or conditionally, for any shares or debentures of the Company. or for procuring or agreeing to procure subscriptions whether absolute or conditional for the same which brokerage or commission may be paid either in cash or shares of the Company, credited as fully paid up. 4 xxiv) To resolve. settle disputes by negotiation, conciliation, mediation, arbitration. litigation or other means, judicial or extra judicial, and to enter in compromise agreement with creditors, members and any other persons in respect of a difference or dispute with them and to exercise the power to sue and be sued and to initial or oppose all actions, steps, proceedings or application which may seem calculated directly or indirectly to benefit or prejudice, as the case may be, the interest of the Company or of its members.
To make known and give publicity to the business and products of the company by means the company may think fit.
To pay all costs, charges and expenses, if any, incidental to the promotion, formation, registration and establishment of the company;
To go in for, buy or otherwise acquire and use any patent design, copyright, license, concession, convenience, innovation, invention, trademarks. rights, privileges, plants, tools or machinery and the like in Pakistan or else which may for the time being appear to be useful or valuable for a efficiency or productivity of the Company's work or business, under the law. xxviii) To establish, promote or assist in establishing or promoting an become a member of any other company, association or club similar or in part similar to the objects of this Company or the e promotion of which may be beneficial to the Company, as permiss law. xxix ) To give any servant or employee of the Company commission on the sale of the products and for that purpose to enter into any agreement or scheme of arrangement as the Company may deem fit and to get any servant or employee of the Company insured against risk of accident in the course of their employment. xxx) To establish and support or aid in the establishment and support of associations, institutions. funds and conveniences calculated to benefit the directors employees, ex-employces of the Company or any dependent thereof and to grant pensions, gratuities, allowances, relief and payments in any manner calculated to benefit the persons described herein. xxxi) To apply for and obtain necessary consents, permissions and licenses from any Government, State, Local and other Authorities for enabling the Company to carry on any of its objects into effect as and when required by law xxxii) To cause the Company to be registered or recognized in any foreign country and carry on its business activities in any part of the world. xxxiii) To do and perform all other acts and things as are incidental or conducive to the attainment of the objects of the company; xxxiv) To amalgamate or merge with any other company having objects altogether similar or in part similar to those of this company. xxxv) To distribute any of the property of the Company amongst the members in the event of winding up of the company. xxxvi) To do all such other things as may be deemed incidental or conducive to the attainment of the above objects or nay of them. 5. It is hereby declared that:
a. It is, hereby. undertaken that the Company ;hall not engage business or Forex, illegal brokerage, or any business o company or non-banking finance company or insuranc business of managing agency or in any unlawful bus nothing contained in the object clauses shall be so cons it to engage in such business directly or indirectly and shall not launch multi-level marketing (MLM), Pyrami schemes.
b. Notwithstanding anything stated in any object clause, the company shall obtain such other approval or license from Competent Authority, as may be required under any law or the time being in force, to undertake a particular business.
IV. LIABILITY The liability of the members is limited.
V. CAPITAL The authorized share capital of the Company is Rs.100, 000,000 (Rupees Hundred Million Only) divided into 10,000,000 (Ten Million Only) ordinary shares of Rs. 10:- (Rupees Ten) with the power to increase or reduce the capital, to divide the shares for time being into several classes and subject to Section 90 of the Companies Ordinance 1984, to attach thereto such rights, privileges and conditions in such manner as many, for the time being provided by the Articles of Association of the Company. The Company further reserves to itself the right to increase authorized capital in accordance with the regulations for the time being in force, and in accordance with law.
6 We the several persons, whose names and addresses are subscribed below formed into a company in pursuance of this Memorandum of Associatio agree to take the number of shares in the capital of the Company set opposite
•,: • • . . .. • , • .„ • Name — • Ity - : sttta v y aton'....,:.C C me ..- :',t • R1 • 7 .N er:: 2addressiii ' .. • .. , Omar Ahmad Pakistani Business 35202- House No. l0 500 Saeed , Saeed 3786183-5 Oulberg V, Lahore
Hassan Chaudhry Pakistani Business 35202- House No. 4, 500 Javed Ahmed 2936650-7 A. Crulberg II, Javed Lahore Ahsan Klialid Pakistani Business 35202- House No. 500 Bashir Bashir 2631701-3 109-A, Go" Mehar Road. Lahore Adil Khalid Pakistani Business 35202- • House No. 33- 500 Bashir Bashir 9150580'3 D-1. Oulberg ITL Lahore
Service Subscriber Pakistani Business 0000864 sereis House 7, 24,000 Industries Main Cndberg, Limited Lahore.
Through 66-11, :la wwad Muhammad Pakistani Senice 35202- Faisal .Ana ad . 7096118-5 ToLa171.3tore Suraj Cotton Subscriber Pakistani Business 00 2 9 7434H. Azi.z. 24_000 Mills Limited Avenue. Gulbera V, Through Lahore
4:se it 458,
-Farouk Ch Ali Ahniadl Pakilt3ERr Dill° 8 1 - OAK i Block. Ahmad Saleemi i Al lana [ghat ,e—'I — NA '000 Town. Lahore ta 1 res T en: 50,000 (Fifty Thousand) JOINT REGIS RAR OR COMPANIES Dated this 17 February 2016 COMPANY RE ISTIZATION OFFICE LAHORE. Witness to the above Signatures:
Full Name: National Institutional Facilitation Technolotties (Pvt.) Ltd Full Address: 5" Floor, AWT Plaza. I. I. Chundriaar Road, Karachi.
7 THE COMPANIES ORDINANCE. 1984
(Company Limited by Shares)
ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
S2 HYDRO LIMITED
PRELIMINARY
1. TABLE "A" NOT TO APPLY
The regulations in Table 'A' in the First Schedule to the Companies Ordinance, 1984 shall not apply to the Company except so far as the same are reproduced herein.
2. DEFINITIONS
Unless the context or the subject matter otherwise requires, the terms used in shall have the meanings set out below:
"Articles" mean these Articles of Association as originally framed or to time altered by special resolution.
"Board" means the group of directors in a meeting duly called and cot as the case may be, the directors assembled at a Board.
"Book and paper", "book or paper" or "books of account" int= accounts, deeds, vouchers, writings and documents. maintained on paper or computer network, floppy, diskette, magnetic cartridge tape, CD-Rom or any other computer readable media;
"Chairman" mans the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company:
"Chief Executive" means an individual who subject to the control and directions of the Directors, is entrusted with the whole, or substantially the whole, of the powers of the management of the affairs of the Company and includes a Director or any other person occupying the position of a Chief Executive, by whatever name called, and whether under a contract of service or otherwise."
"Company" means S2 Hydro Limited.
"Commission" means the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan established under Section 3 of the Securities and Fxchange Commission of Pakistan Act, 1997.
"Directors" mean the directors of the Company including alternate directors appointed and elected from time pursuant to Companies Ordinance, 1984.
"Dividend" includes cash dividend, dividend in specieS and bonus shares. (1) "In Person" includes attendance and/or voting at a meeting, personally or by video or telephone-conference or other facility whereby all the participants ofthe meeting can hear and / or see each other unless expressly stated otherwise by the directors. (k) "Member" means a person whose name is for the time being entered in the register of members by virtue of his holding by allotment or otherwise any share, scrip or other security which gives him a voting ntaht in the company including an accountholder of central depository_ (1) "Memorandum" means the Memorandum of Association of the Company as originally framed or as from time to time altered in accordance with the Companies Ordinance, 1984. (m) "Month" means calendar month according to the English calendar. (a) "Office" means the registered office for the time being of the company. to) "Ordinance" means the Companies Ordinance, 1984 or any modification or re- enactment thereof for the time being in force.
(p) "Ordinary Resolution" means a resolution passed at a general meeting when the votes cast (whether on a show of hands or on poll, as the case may be) in the resolution by members present in person or by proxy exceeds the cast against the resolution.
(q) "Proxy" includes an attorney duly constituted under a power of ( r) "Record" includes, in addition to a written or printed form, any track, film or other device in which sounds and or other data is be capable (with or without the aid of some other instrument or m reproduced there front in audible, legible or visual form. (s) "Register" means, unless the context otherwise requires, the register o to be kept pursuant to Section 147 of the Ordinance. (1) "Registrar" means a Registrar, defined in Section 2 (1) (31) of the. Ordinance performing the duty of registration of companies under the Ordinance
(u) "Regulations" mean the rules of governance of the Company made by the hoard from time to time_
(v) "Seat" means the common or official seal of the Company.
(w) "Section" means Section of the Ordinance. tit/ "Share" means share in the share capital of the company.
(y) "Sign" and "Signature" unless otherwise provided in these articles, include respectively lithography, printing facsimile, "advanced electronic signature" which is capable of establishing the authenticity and integrity of an electronic document. as defined by Section 2(e) of the Electronic Transactions Ordinance, and names impressed with a rubber or other kind of stamp.
(z) "Special Resolution" mains the special resolution of the Company as defined in Section 2 (I) (36) of the Ordinance.
2
"T- INTERPRETATION
3. In these articles, unless the context otherwise requires,
(al the singular includes the plural and vice versa and words denoting any gender shall include all genders,
(.b) references to any Act, Ordinance, Legislation, Rules cc regulations or any provision oldie same shall be a reference to that Act, Ordinance, Legislation, rules nr regulations or provisions, as amended re-promulgated or superseded from time to time:
(c) the terms "include" or "including.' shall mean include or including without limitation,
(d) expression referring to writing shall, unless the contrary intention appears, be construed as includine references to printing, lithography. photography, and other modes of representing or reproducing words in a visible form, including but not limited to. electronic transmission such as facsimile, and electronic mail or any other electronic process. as prescribed by section 3 of the Electronic Transactions Ordinance.:
(e) words importing person., shall include bodies corporate; and
(1) words importing singular number include the plural number or vice v
0.41 words and expressions contained in these articles shall bear the in the Ordinanix.
(h) The head notes are inserted for con cc of these Articles.
REGISTERED OFFICE
The Registered (Alice of the Company shall be at a place in the Province of directors shall from time to time determine
PUBIC LIMITED COMPANY
5. The Company is a public limited company within the meanings of Section 2 (1)(30) of the Companies Ordinance, 1984. The minimum subscription upon which the Directors ma) proceed to allotment as defined in Section of the Ordinance is fixed at Rs. 500,000/-
BUSINESS
6. DIRECTORS MAY UNDERTAKE ANY BUSINESS
The business of the Company shall include the several objects expressed in its Memorandum of Association or any of theta All branches or kind of business which the Company is either expressly or by implication authorised to undertake may be undertaken by the directors at such time or times as they shall think lit, and further may be allowed by them to be in abeyance, whether such branch or kind of business may have been actually commenced or not, so long as the directors may deem it expedient not to confluence or proceed with such branch or kind ofbusiness.
SHARES
POWER TO ISSUE SHARES OF DIFFERENT CLASSES AND KINDS
Subject to Section 90 of the Ordinance and Rules framed there under and without prejudice to any special rights previously conferred on the holders of any existing shares or class of shares, any share in the Company may be issued with different rights, restrictions and privileges, including but not limited to the following as may be approved by the Company by special resolution:
(1) different voting rights; voting rights disproportionate to the paid-up vahie of share held: voting rights fix specific purposes only: or no voting rights at all;
(2) different rights for entitlement of dividend, tight shares or bonus shares or entitlement to receive the notices and to attend the general meetings;
(3) rights and privileges for indefinite period, lix a limited specified period or for such periods as may from time to time be. determined by the Company; and
(4) different manner and mode of redemption, including redemption in a the provisions of these articles, including but not limited to, by way shares with such rights and privileges as deteouined by the Co and mode provided in these articles.
8. POWER TO ISSUE REDEEMABLE CAPITAL
Subject to the provisions of the Ordinance and any rules in that Ordinance, the Company may issue shares which are to be redeemed or security, on such terms and in such mariner as may he provided in the Or
9. POWER TO ISSUE SHARES AT PAR, PREMIUM OR DISCOUNT
Subject to provisions of the Ordinance and these Articles, the shares in the share capital of the Company may be issued and allotted as the directors shall determine and at such times and in such manner as the directors think fn. either at par or at a premium or subject to Section 84 of the Ordinance at a discount.
10. ONLY FULLY PAID SHARES TO BE ISSUED
The shares in the capital of the Company shall always be issued as fully paid shares and no Shares shall be issued as partly paid shares..
11 ISSUE OF' SHARES FOR CONSIDERTAION OTHERWISE THAN IN CASH
The directors may allot and issue shares in the capital of the Company as payment or part payment for any asset or property sold or transferred, or ti sr services rendered. to the Company in the ordinary course of its business, and shares so allotted shall be issued as and shall be deemed to be fully paid shares subject to the fulfilment of requiretnent of Section 73 of the Ordinance and applicable rules,
4 12. ALLOTMENT OF SHARES
The board shall, as regards any allotment of shares, duly comply with such provisions of the Ordinance and rules as maybe applicable.
13. PURCHASE OF COMPANY'S SHARES
Except as permitted by the Ordinance or any other rules in that regard made tinder the Ordinance, no part of the funds of the Company shall be employed in the purchase of its own shares or in giving. whether directly or indirectly and whether by means of a loan, guarantee, security or otherwise, any financial assistance for the purpose of or in connection with a purchase made or to be made by any person of any shares in the Company.
14. TRUST NOT TO BE RECOGNIZED
Save as herein otherwise provided or as permitted by law, the Company shall be entitled to treat the registered holder of any share as the absolute owner thereof and accordingly shall not, except as ordered by a court of competent jurisdiction or as required by statute, be bound by or be compelled in any way to recognize (even when having notice thereof) any benami, equitable, contingent. future, partial or other claim or right to or interest in such share on the part of any other person.
15. WHO MAY BE REGISSTERED AS MEMBER
Shares may be registered in the name of individuals, any limited company or other coup body but not in the name of minors. Not more than four (4) persons shall be register holders of any share.
16. JOINT MEMBERS
If any share or shares stand in the name of two or more persons, the person f register shall, as regards receipt of dividend or bonus or service of notices and matters connected with the Company except voting at the meeting and the trap. be deemed the sole holder of such shares.
17. COMMISSION FOR PLACLNG SHARES, ETC.
The Company may at any time pay a commission to any person !Or subscribing or agreeing to subscribe (whether absolutely or conditionally) for any sharesor debentures or redeemable capital of the Company or producing or agreeing to procure subscriptions (whether absolute or conditional) for any shares or debentures or redeemable capital of the Company. In case any commission shalt he paid the Company shall comply with the provisions of .Section 87 of the Ordinance. The Company may also pay expenses on any issue ot' Shares or debentures or redeemable capital.
CERTIFICATES
18, SHARE CERTIFICATES TO BE ISSUED UNDER SIGNATURES AND SEAL
The Certificates of title to shares and duplicate thereof shall he issued under the seal of the Company and signed by two of the directors or by one such director and the secretary provided that such signatures may if necessary be printed lithographed or stamped subject to the approval of the directors.
5 19. TIME FOR ISSUE OF SHARES CERTIFICATES
The Company shall within ninety days after the allotment of any shares, debentures or debenture stock and within forty-five days after receipt by the Company of the application for transfer of any such shares. debentures or debenture stock complete and have ready for delivery the certificate of all shares, the debentures and the certificate of all debenture stock allotted or transferred, and unless sent by post or delivered to the person entitled thereto within the period aforesaid the Company shall immediately thereafter give notice to that person in the manner prescribed in these articles for the giving of notices to members that the certificate is ready for delivery.
20. ISSUE OF DUPLICATE SHARE CERTIFICATES
If a certificate of shares, debenture or debenture stock is proved to the satistaction of the Company to have been lost or destroyed or, being defaced or mutilated or torn, is surrendered to the Company, and the Company is requested to issue a new certificate tn replacement thereof. the Company shall, after making such enquiry as it may deem fit, advise the applicant within thirty days from the date of application the terms and conditions (as to indemuity and otherwise and as to payment of the actual expenses incurred on such enquiry as may be determined by the Board of Directors) on which the Company is prepared to issue a new certificate and a time for compliance therewith or of the reasons why the Company is unable to issue a new certificate, as the case may be, and in the former case if the applicant shall within-the time allowed comply with the terms and conditions specified, the Company shall issue a new certificate to the applicant within forty five days from the date of application.
21. ISSUE OF CERTIFICATES TO JOINT HOLDERS
The Company shall not be bound to Lssue more than one certificate in respect shares held jointly by two or more persons and delivery of a cettific2te for a of joint holders shall be sufficient delivery to all.
TRANSFER AND TRANSMISSION
22. DIRECTORS MAY DECLINE TO REGISTER TRANFER OF SHA
The directors shall ma refuse tri register the transkr of fully paid Shares unless o f Transfer is :defective or invalid or is not duly stamped or Accompanied by the e the shareis) to which it relates or otherwise there are specific restrictions on the transferabi of the shares imposed by the Commission or any Court. The directors may also decline to register the instrument Of transfer if it is not accompanied by a certified copy of the computerized national identity card of the trans kyee. lf the directors refuse to register a transfer of any shares they Shall, within thirty (30) days from the date on which the Instrument of Transfer was lodged with the company, send to the transferee and the transferor the nOtiee of refusal indicating the defect or invalidity. provided that the transferee shall he entitled, after removal of such defect or invalidity. to re-lodge the Instrument of Trtinsky with the Company.
23. FORM OF TRANSFER
The lrgitrmuent of Transfer of any share shall be in writing in the usual common Kinn, or in the following form, or as near thereto as circumstances will admit:
'We of son/daughter/wife of being a nationaks) of in consideration of the sum of Rupees only (Rs. ) paid to meius by ------of smi/datighterWife
being a nationals) of (hereinafter called the 'said transfereersr) do hereby transfer to the said transferees) sharers) numbered standing in myiour names) in the books of S2 HYDRO LIMITED , to hold unto the said transferee(s) hislher/their executors, administrators and as signs, subject to the several conditions on which Fwe hold the same at the time of execution hereof, and Ilwe the said transferees) do hereby agree to take the said sharers) subject to the conditions aforesaid.
As witness ow hands the of thousand and
Signed by the said transferor in Transferor's signature the presence of Transferor's occupation
Witness Witness Occupation Occupation ..... ...... Address Address CNIC CNIC Signed by the said transferee in Transferee's signature the presence of Transteree's occupation
Witness Witness Occupation Occupation,,,.., Address Address CNIC CNIC
24. RESTRICTION ON TRANSFERS TO MINORS OR PERSONS OF LTNSO
No transfer shall be made to a minor or person of unsound mind. Further. no made to an individual tithe instrument of transfer is not accompanied by a certi computerized national identity card of the transferee.
25. INSTRUMENT OF TRANSFERS TO BE PRESERVED
All registered instruments of transfers shall be retained by the Company-for a period of than It) years, but any Instrument of Transfer which the directors may decline to register shall be returned to the person depositing the same.
26. TRANSFEROR TO REMAIN HOLDER OF SHARE(S)
The Instrument of fransfer of any share in the Company shall be duly stamped and executed both by the transferor and transferee, and the transferor shall be deemed to remain holder of the share(s) until the name of the transferee is entered in the register in respect thereof
27. CLOSURE OF REGISTER(S)
On inving seven days previous notice by advertisement in some newspaper circulating in the areas specified in Section 151 of the Ordinance or as per requirement of the stock exchangers) where the shares of the Company are listed, the transfer books and registeris) may be closed during such time as the directors think lit, not exceeding in the whole forty-tive (45) days in each year, hut not exc.-ceding thirty days (DO) at a time. 28_ NOMINATION
Any Member may make and deposit with the Company a nomination in writing specifying one or more eligible person who or each of whom, in the event of death of the Member, may be entered in the Register as the holder of such number of shares specified in the nomination for such nominee or each such nominee of which the Member remain: the registered holder at the date of his death. A person shall be eligible for nomination for the purposes of this Article only if he is a spouse, parent, brother, sister, or child of the Member nominating him and applicable relationship shall be specified in the nomination in respect of each nominee. A Member may at any time by notice in writing cancel, or by making and depositing with the Company another nomination before his death vary. any nomination already made by him pursuant to this Article. In the event of the death of a Member any person nominated by him in accordance with this Article may, on written application accompanied by the relative share certificates and evidence establishing the death of the Member, request the Company to register himself in place of the deceased Member as the holder of the number of shares for which the nomination in his favour had been made and deposited with the Company and if it shall appear to the Directors that it is proper so to do. the Directors may register the nominee as the holder of those shares in place of the deceased Member.
29. PERSONS ENTITLED ON DEATH OF MEMBER
In the case of the death of a Member who was a joint holder of shares, the survivor or survivors shall be the only person recognised by the Company as having any title to his interest in the shares. If the deceased Member was a sole holder of shares, the nomine or nomin deceased where a nomination is effective and legal personal representatives of where no such nomination has been made and deposited with the Company, s persons recognised by the Company as having any title to his interest in the s
30. PERSON ENTITLED ON DEATH OR INSOLVENCY MAY REGISTERED OR TO TRANSFER
Any person becoming entitled to a share in consequence of the death or insolv may upon such evidence being produce as way from time to time properly be Directors and subject as hereinafter provided. elect either to be registered himsel of the share or instead of being registered himself to make such transfer of the s deceased or insolvent person could have made. but the Directors shall, in either case, have same right to decline or suspend registration as they would have had in the case of a transfer of the shares by that Member before his death or insolvency as the case may he.
31. EFFECT OF ELECTION
If the person so becoming entitled shall elect to be registered himself he shall deliver or send to the company a notice in writing signed by him stating that he so elects. If he shall elect to have another person registered he shall testify his election by executing to that a person a transfer of the share. All the limitations, restrictions and provisions of these Articles relating to the right to transfer and the registration of transfers of shares shall he applicable to any such notice or transfer as aforesaid as if the death or insolvency o f the Member had not occurred and the notice or transfer were a notice or transfer signed by that Member.
32. RIGHT OF PERSON ENTITLED BY TRANSMISSION
A person becoming entitled to a share by reason of the death or insolvency of the holder shall be entitled to the same dividends and other advantages to which he would'be entitled if be were the registered holder of the share except that he shall not before being registered as a Member
8 in respect of the share be entitled in respect of it to exercise any right conferred by membership in relation to meetings of the Company
CAPITAL
33. INCREASE, CONSOLIDATION, SUB-DIVISION AND CANCELLATION
The Company may by ordinary resolution and subject to compliance with the requirements of Section 92 of the Ordinance
(a) increase the authorized share capital by such sum, to be divided into shares of such amount, as the resolution shall prescribe.
(b) consolidate and divide its share capital into shares of larger amount than its existing shares;
(c) by sub-division of its existing shares or any of them, divide the whole or any part of its share -capital into shares of smaller amount than is fixed by the Memorandum of Association;
(d) cancel any shares which, at the date of the passing of the resolution, have not been taken or agreed to be taken by any person.
34. FURTHER ISSUE OF CAPITAL
The directors may from time to time increase the issued share capital by such sum as fit. Except as otherwise permitted by Section 86 of the Ordinance, and subject to rights or privileges for the time being attached to any issued sham, all shares i issued by the directors shall, before issue, be offered to the members strictly in the amount of the issued shares held by each membir (Irrespective of class); fractional shares shall not be offered and all fractions less than a share shall be and disposed of by the Company and the proceeds from such disposition shall be p of the entitled members as may have accepted such Offer. Such offer shall be made specifying the number of shares offered, and limiting a time within which the offer. accepted, will be deemed to be declined, and after the expiration of that time, or on the receip of an intimation from the person to whom the offer is made that he declines to accept the shares offered, the directors may dispose of the same in such manner as they think fit. In respect of each such offer of shares the directors shall comply with the provisions of Section 86 of the Ordinance.
35. NEW SHARES TO RANK WITH EXISTING CAPITAL
Except so far as otherwise prOvided by the conditions of issue or by these articles, any capital raised by the creation of new shares shall be considered part of the original capital and shall be subject to the provisions herein contained with reference to transfer and tramsmission and otherwise.
36. REDUCTION OF CAPITAL
The Company may, by special resolution, reduce its Share capital in any manner, with and subject to, any incident authorized and consent required by law.
9 37. SHARE PREMIUM ACCOUNT
The share premium account maintained pursuant to section 83(1) of the Ordinance may, be applied by the company
(a) in writing off the preliminary expenses of the company,
(b) in writing off the expenses of, or the commission paid or discount allowed on, any issue of shares or debentures of the company;
(c) in providing for the premium payable on the redemption to any redeemable preference shares or debentures of the company; or
(d) in paying up tut-issued shares of the company to be issued as fully paid bonus shares.
VARIATION OF SHAREHOLDERS RIGHTS
38. MODIFICATION OF RIGHTS OF DIFFERENT CLASES OF SHARES
Whenever the capital is divided into different classes of shares, all or any of the rights and privileges attached to each class may,- subject to the provisions of section 108 of the Ordinance, be modified, commuted, affected, abrogated or dealt with by agreement between the Company and any person purporting to contract on behalf of that class provided such agreement is (a) ratified in writing by the holders of at least three-fourths in.nominal value of the issued shares of the class or (b) confirmed by a special resolution passed at an extraordinary eneral meeting of the holders of shares of that class and all the provisions hereinafter c rneetin, shall, mutatis mutandis, apply to every such meeting.
MEETINGS
39. ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING
Except as may be allowed under Section I58(1) of the Ordinance, tgkC general meeting once at least in every calendar year within a period,..Nur the close of its financial year at such time as may be determined by th • ." no greater interval than fifteen months shall be allowed to elapse betwe meetings. The Company may.:for any special reason and with permission of scion, extend the time within which any annual general meeting, not being the first such meeting, shall be held.
40. WHERE TO HOLD ANNAUL GENERAL MEETING
The Company shall hold its annual general meeting in the town in which the registered office is situate; provided that, it may, for any special reason and with permission of the Commission, hold the said meeting at any other place. Save as aforesaid, the Company may hold its general meeting at two (2) or more venues iising any technology that gives the members as a whole a reasonable opportunity to participate in the meetings.
41. EXTRORDINARY GENERAL MEETINGS
All general meetings of the Company, other han annual general meeting, shall be called extraordinary general meetings.
10 42, CONVENING OF EXTRORDINARY GENERAL MEETINGS
The directors may, whenever they think fit. and they shall, on the requisition of the holders of not less than one-tenth of the issued capital of the Company, forthwith proceed to convene an extraordinary general meeting of the Company. If at any time there are not within Pakistan sufficient directors capable of acting to form a quorum, any director of the Company may call an extraordinary general meeting in the same manner as nearly as possible as that in which meetings may be called by the directors, and in the case of such requisition the following provisions shall have effect
(i) The requisition must state the objects of the meeting and must be signed by the requisitionists and deposited at the office and may consist of several documents in like form each signed by one or more requisitionists.
(ii) If the directors do not proceed within twenty-one days from the date of the requisition being so deposited to cause a meeting to be called, the requisitionists or a majority of them in value may themselves convene the meeting, but any meeting so convened shall not be held atter three months from the date of the deposit.
(iii) Any meeting convened under this article by the requisitionists shall be convened in the same manner as nearly as possible as that in which meetings are to be convened by the directors but shall be held at the office.
(iv) A requisition by joint-holders of shares must be signed by all such holders.
43. NOTICE OF MEETINGS
(1) Notice of a general meeting shall be sent in the manner hetet nailer mention twenty one (21) days before the date on which the meeting is to be conven persons as, are under these articles or the ordinance entitled to recei from the Company and shall specify the place and the day and hour o, the nature of the business to be transacted thereat
(2) In the case of an emergency affecting the business of the Company general meeting maybe convened by such shorter notice than that the Registrar may authorise.
(1) Where any special business, that is to say, business other than consid accounts, balance sheet and the reports of the directors and auditors, the dec dividend, the appointment and fixation of the remuneration of auditors and, where the notice convening the meeting provides for the election of directors, the election of directors (all such matters being herein referred to as ordinary business) is to be transacted at a general meeting, there shall be annexed to the notice of such meeting a statement setting out all such facts as may be material for the consideration of such business including the nature and extent of the interest (whether direct or indirect) sif any director, and where the item of business involves approval of any document, the time and place appointed for inspection thereof, and to the extent applicable such a statement shall be annexed to the notice also in the case of ordinary business to be transacted at the meeting.
(2) Where a resolution is intended to be proposed for consideration at a general meeting in some special or particular form, a copy thereof shall he annexed to the notice convening such meeting.
11 (3) If a special resolution is intended to be passed at a general meeting, the notice convening that meeting shall specify the intention to propose the resolution as a special resolution.
(4) A notice for a general meeting at which an election of directors is to take place shall state the number of directors to be elected at that meeting and the names of the retiring directors.
(5) The notice of every general meeting shall prominently specify that a proxy may be appointed who shall have the right to attend, demand or join in demanding a poll and vote on a poll and speak at the meeting in the place of the member appointing him and shall be accompanied by a form of proxy acceptable to the Company.
(8) The Company shall comply with the provisions of section 160(1) and section 50 of the Ordinance with regard to giving notices of general meetings.
44. ACCIDENTAL OMISSION TO GIVE NOTICE
The accidental omission to give any such notice to or the non-receipt of notice by, any of the members shall not invalidate the proceedings at any such meeting.
PROCEEDINGS AT GENERAL MEETINGS
45, QUORUM
No business shall be transacted at any general meeting unless a quorum of members is present at the time when the meeting proceeds to business. Not less than two (2) members present in person representing at least twenty five percent (25%) of the total voting power either of their own account or as proxies shall be a quorum.
46 CHAIRMAN OF GENERAL MEETINGS
The Chairman of the board of directors shall preside as Chairman at every g the Company, or if there is no such Chairman, or if he shall not be present fifteen minutes atter the time appointed for the holding of the meeting or is the ChiefIxecutive shall preside as Chairman of the meeting, or if the ChiefE or unwilling to act, any one of the directors present may be elected to be meeting, or if no director is present, or if all the directors present decline to tak members present in person shall choose one of their member to be Chairman of
47. EFFECT OF QUORUM 'BEING NOT PRESENT
If within half-an-hour from the time appointed fir the meeting, a quorum is not present, the meeting if convened upon such requisition as aforesaid shall be dissolved, but in any other case it shall stand adjourned to the same day in the next week at the same time and place, and if at such adjourned meeting a quorum is not present within half an hour from the time appointed for it, the members present being not less than Two shall be a quorum.
48. ADJOURNMENT OF MEETINGS
The Chairman may adjourn the meeting from time to time and froth place to place, but no business shall be transacted at any adjourned meeting other than the business left .unfinished at the meeting from which the adjournment took place. When a meeting is adjourned for more than seven days, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given as in the case of an original
12 meeting. Save as aforesaid it shall not be necessary to give any notice of an adjournment or of the business to be transacted at an adjourned meeting.
49. CASTING VOTE OF CHAIRMAN
In the case of an equality of votes the Chairman shall. both on a show of hands and at the poll have a casting vote in addition to the vote or votes to which he may be entitled as a member.
50. RESOLUTION TO BE VOTED BY SHOW OF HANDS OR BY POLL
(1) At any general meeting a resolution put to the vote of the meeting shall be decided on a show of hands, unless a poll is (before or on the declaration of the result of the show of hands) demanded in accordance with paragraph (2) of this article, and unless a poll is so demanded, a declaration by the Chairman of the meeting that a resolution has, on a show of hands, been carried, or sanded unanimously. or by a particular majority, or lost, and an entry to that efliwt in the hook or electronic record of the proceeding of the Company shall be conclusive evidence of the fact, without proof of the number or proportion of the votes recorded in favour of or against, the resolution.
(2) A Poll may be ordered to be taken by the Chairman of the meeting of his own motion and shall be ordered to be taken by him on a demand made by the following persons:
(a) Five members having the right to vote on the resolution and present in person or by proxy. or
(b) Any member or members present in person or by of less than one-tenth of the total voting power in respect of
51. MANNER OF TAKING POLL
If a poll is demanded, as aforesaid, it shall be taken (sub] in such manner and at such time and place as the Chairrna once or atter an interval or adiournment of not more than t the poll is demanded, and the result of the poll shall be he meeting at which the poll was held. The demand for a poll • by the person or persons who made the demand. In case of any aA o tlea ion or rejection of a vote, the Chairman of the meeting shall det S0 Viand such determination made in good faith shall be final and conclusive. On a Poll the chairman or his nominee and representative of the members demanding the poll shall scrutinize the votes given on the Poll and the result shall be announced by the Chairman subject to provision of the Ordinance and these articles, the Chairman shall have power to regulate the manner in which a Poll shall be taken.
52. TIME FOR TAKING POLL
Any poll duly demanded on the election of a Chairman of a meeting or on a question of adjournment shall be taken forthwith at the meeting and without adjournment. A poll demanded on any orlitr question shall be taken at such time, not being more than 14 days from the day on which the poll is demanded as the Chairman of the meeting directs.
53. MEETING TO CONTINUE
The demand of a poll shall not prevent the continuance of a meeting for the transaction of ny business other than the question on which a poll has been demanded
13 VOTES OF MEMBERS
54. RIGHT TO VOTE
Subject to Section 160 and any rights or restrictions for the time being attached to any class or classes of shares, every member present in person (where all the participants of a general meeting can see each other) shall have votes proportionate to the paid up value of the shares or other securities carrying voting tights held by him according to the entitlement of the class of such shares or securities, as the case may be provided that the provisions of Section 178 shall apply in the case of the election of directors.
55. VOTING BY SHOW OF HANDS, POLL AND FOR ELECTION /REMOVAL OF - DIRECTORS
On a.show of hands, every member present in person shall have one vote and upon a poll every member present in person or byproxy shall have one vote in respect of each share held by him. Provided always that in the case of an election or removal of a director, the provisions of Section 178 shall apply.
56. VOTING ON POLL
On a poll a member entitled to more-than one vote need not, if he votes, use all all the votes he uses in the same way,
57. VOTING BY CORPORATIONS AND COMAPNIES
Any company or other corporation which is a member of the Company directors or other governing body authorise such person as it thinks fit to at any meeting of the Company or of any class of members of the comp authorised shall he entitled to exercise the same powers on behalf of the co which he represents as that company or corporation could exercise if it member of the Company, present in person. The production before or at the of such resolution purporting to be signed by a director or the secretary of such corporation and certified by him as being a true copy of the resolution shall be accepted by the Company as sufficient evidence of the validity of the appointment of such representative.
58. RIGHT TO VOTE
Any person entitled under article 34 to any shares may vote at any general meeting in respect thereof in the same manner as if he were the registered holder of such shares, provided that forty-eight hours at least before the time of holding the meeting or adjourned meeting. as the case may be, at which he proposes to vote he shall satisfy the directors of his right to such shares, or the directors shall have previously admitted his right to vote at such meeting in respect thereof
59. VOTING BY JOINT HOLDERS
Where there are jointly registered holders of any share, any one of such persons may vote at any meeting either in person or by proxy in respect of such share as if he were solely entitled thereto; and if more than one of such joint-holders he present at any meeting, either in person or by proxy, that one of the said persons so present whale name stands first in the register in respect of such share shall alone be entitled to vote in respect thereof Several executors or administrators of a deceased member in whose name any share stands shall for the purposes of this article he deemed joint holders thereof.
14 60. VOTE MAY BE GIVEN IN PERSON OR BY PROXY ON POLL
On a poll votes may be given either in person (including. without limitation an authorized representative of a company or corporation) or by proxy.
61. OBJECTIONS ON VOTLNG
No objection shall be raised to the qualification of any voter except at the meeting or adjourned meeting at which the vote objected to is given or tendered, and every vote not disallowed at such meeting shall be valid for all purposes. Any such objection made in due time shall be referred to the Chairman of the meeting, whose decision shall be final and conclusive.
62. PROXY TO BE LN WRITING
The instrument appointing a proxy shall be in writing under the hand of the appointer or of his attorney duly authorised in writing or if such appointer is a corporation under its common seal or signed by an officer or an attorney duly authorised by. No person shall he appointed a proxy who is not a member of the Company.
63. INSTRUMENT APPOINTING PROXIES TO BE DEPOSITED
The instrument appointing a proxy and the power of attorney or other authority (if any) under which it is sinned, or a notarially certified copy of that power or authority, shall be deposited at the office not less than forty-eight hours before the time for holding the mee -eh the person named in the instrument proposes to vote, and in default the instr not be treated as valid.
64. REVOCATION OF PROXY
A vote given in accordance with the terms of an instrument appoi notwithstanding the previous death or insanity of the principal or r or transfer of the share in respect of which the vote is eiven, provid of the death, insanity, revocation or, transfer of the share shall have b before the meeting. Provided nevertheless that the Chairman of any me require such evidence a•.s he may in his discretion think fit of the due execu of proxy and that the same has not been revoked.
65. FORM OF PROXY
Every instrument appointing a proxy shall, as nearly as circumstances will admit, he in the following Conn or in the form set out in Regulation 39 of Table A (lithe First Schedule to the Ordinance and shall be retained by the Companr
S2 HYDRO LIMITED
1, of being a member of S2 HYDRO LIMITED, hereby appoint of (or failing him . of or failing him of ) as my proxy in my absence to attend and vote for me and on my behalf at the (Annual or Extraordinary, as the case may he) General Meeting of the Company to be held on the day of and at any adjournment thereof
As witness my hand this day of
15 Signed by the said In the presence of
DIRECTORS
66. MINIMUM NUMBER OF ELECTED DIRECTORS
The Company shall have not less than three (3) directors to be elected in a general meeting in the manner provided in Section 178 of the Companies Ordinance.
67. DIRECTORS TO FIX NUMBER OF ELECTED DIRECTORS
Subject to Article 72 and the provisions of the Ordinance, the directors shall fix the number of elected directors 35 day's before the convening of the general meeting at which the directors are to be elected. The number of elected directors so fixed by the directors shall not be changed except with the prior approval of the Company in general meeting.
ALTERNATE DIRECTORS
68. APPOINTMENT OF ALTERNATE DIRECTORS
When any director intends to be, or is living outside Pakistan or otherwise he may with the approval of the directors appoint any person to he his alternate director, and such alternate director during the absence of the appointer from Pakistan, shall be entitled to receive notice of and to attend and vote at meeting of directors and shall be subject to and entitled to the provisions contained in these articles with reference to directors and may exercise m all such powers, directions and duties as his appointer could have exer including the power of appointing another alternate director. Such recorded in the directors' minute book. A director may at any time by Company remove an alternate director appointed by him. The alterna be such provided that if any director retires but is re-elected at th retirement took effect any appointment made by him pursuant to this immediately prior to this retirement and re-election and which has n effectively shall continue to operate after his re-election as if he appointments and removals of alternate directors shall be effected by w the director making or revoking such appointment and left at the office. assessing a quorum, an alternate director shall be deemed to be a director.. An may resign as such upon ;living thirty (30) days prior notice to the hoard to this e
69. RIGHT OF ALTERNATE DIRECTORS TO RECEIVE NOTICES ETC
Au alternate directOr shall, in the absence of a direction to the contrary in the instrument appointing him, be entitled to notice of general meetings of the Company on behalf of his appointer.
CHIEF EXECUTIVE
70. APPOINTMENT OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE
The Company shall have an office of Chief Executive which shall be filled from time to time by the directors who may appoint a director or (subject to Section 201 of the Ordinance) any other person to be the Chief Executive of the Company for a period not exceeding three years and on such terms and conditions as the directors may think fit, and such appointment shall be
16 made within fourteen days from the date on which the office of Chief Executive falls vacant. If the Chief Executive at any time is not already a director he shall be deemed to be a director of the Company notwithstanding that the number of directors shall thereby be increased and he shall be entitled to all the rights and privileges and shall be subject to all liabilities of the office of director. Upon the expiry of his period of office. a Chief Executive shall be eligible for re- appointment. The Chief Executive may be removed from office in accordance with the provisions ofSecti on 202 of the Ordinance notwithstanding anything contained in these articles or in any agreement between the Company and the Chief Executive.
71 REMUNERATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE
A Chief Executive of the Company shall receive such remuneration as the directors may determine.
72 POWERS OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE
The directors may from time to time entrust to and confer upon the Chief Executive for the time being such of the powers exercisable under these articles by the directors as they may think fit. and may confer such powers for such time, and to be exercised for such objects and purposes, and upon such terms and conditions, and with such restrictions as they think expedient; and they may confer such powers, either collaterally with, or to the exclusion of, and in substitution for all or any of the powers of the directors in that behalf: and may from time to time revoke. withdraw, alter or vary all or any of such powers. Directors may also appoint the Chief Executive as general attorney of the company and execute a power of attorney in his
REMUNERATION OF DIRECTORS
71 REMUNERATION FOR EXTRA SERVICES
Any director who serves on any committee or who devotes special attend the Company, or who otherwise performs services which in the opinion outside the scope of the ordinary duties of a director, may be paid such ex the directors may determine from time to time. The remuneration of a dir meetings of the board shall from time to time be determined by the directors.
74. EXPENSES OF MEETINGS
Each director of the Company may, in addition to any remuneration receivable by him, be reimbursed his reasonable unveiling and hotel expenses incurred in attending meetings of the directors.
75. DIRECTOR TO BE MEMBER
Save as provided in Section 187 (I) (ll) of the Ordinance, no person shall be appointed as a director oldie company unless he is a member of the company.
76. DIRECTORS MAY ACT NOTWITHSTANDING ANY VACANCY
The continuing directors may act notwithstanding any vacancy in their body so long as their number is not reduced below the number' fixed by or pursuant to these articles as the necessary quorum of directors.
17 77. VACATION OF OFFICE OF DIRECTOR
The office of a director shall ipso facto be vacated if
(a) he ceased to hold the share qualification, if any, necessary for his appointment: or
(b) he is found to be a unsound mind by a court of competent jurisdiction; or
(c) he is adjudged an solvent; or has applied to be adjudicated as an insolvent and his application is pending or is an un discharged insolvent: or
(d) he has been convicted by a court of law for an offence involving moral turpitude:
(e) he or any firm of which he is a partner or any private company of which he is a director without the sanction of the Company in general meeting accepts or bolds any office of profit under the company other than that of a chief executive or legal or technical adviser or a banker in contravention of the provisions of section 188 (i) (c) of the Ordinance:
(f) he absents himself from three consecutive meetings of the directors or from all meetings of the directors for a continuous period of three months, whichever is the longer, without leave of absence from the board of directors: or
(g) he or any firm of which he is a partner or any private company of which he is a director accepts a loan or guarantee from the Company in contravention of section 195 of the Ordinance; or
(I) by notice in writing to the Company he resigns his office; or
he is removed from office by resolution of the Company in .g accordance with section 181 of the Ordinance;
(k) his appointment is withdrawn by the Authority nominating him as di
78. INTEREST OF DIRECTORS
Subject to autlx)risation being given by the directors in accordance with section 196 the Ordinance, a director shall not he disqualified from contracting with the Company either as vendor, purchaser or otherwise, nor shall any such contract or arrangement entered into by or on behalf of the Company with any company or partnership of or m which ally director of the Company shall be a member or otherwise interested, be avoided, nor shall any such director so contracting or being such member or so interested be liable to account to the Company for any profit realised by any such contract or arrangement by. reason of such director holding that office or of the fiduciary relationship so established. .A director who, or whose spouse or minor child, k in any way, whether directly or indirectly, concerned or interested in any contract or arrangement or proposed contract or arrangement with the Company shall disclose the nature of such concern or interest in accordance with section 214 of the Ordinance that is to say:
(a) in the casco1'a- contract or arrangement to be entered into, at the meeting of the directors at which the question o( entering into the contract or arrangement is first taken into consideration or, if the director was not, on the date of that meeting, concerned or interested in the contract or arrangement, at the first meeting of the directors held atter he becomes so concerned or interested; and
18 (b) in the case of any other contract or arrangement, at the first meeting of the directors held after the director becomes concerned or interested in the contract or arrangement.
79. GENERAL NOTICE OF INTEREST BY DIRECTOR
A general notice that any director of the Company is a director or a member of any other named company or is a member o f any named firm and is to be regarded as interested in any subsequent transaction with such company or firm shall, as regards any such transaction, be sufficient disclosure under this article. Provided. however, that any such general notice shall expire at the end of the financial year in which it was given and may be renewed for a further period of one financial year at a time by giving fresh notice in the last month of the financial year inn which it would otherwise expire.
80. DISCLOSURE TO MEMBERS OF DIRECTORS INTEREST IN APPOINTMENT OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE, DIRCTORS ETC
Whereby any contract or resolution of the directors an appointment or a variation in the terrm of an existing appointment is made (whether effective immediately or in the future) of a Chief Executive, whole time director or secretary of the Company, in which appointment of any director of the Company is, or after the contract or resolution becomes, in any way, whether directly or indirectly, concerned or interested, or whereby any contract or resolution of the directors, an appointment or a variation in the terms of appointment is made (whether effective immediately or in the future) of a Chief Executive, the Company shall inform the members of such appointment or variation in the manner required by Section 218 of the Ordinance and shall comply with the requirements of that section in regard to the maintaining of such co resolutions open for inspection by members at the office, the provision of c thereof and extracts there from and otherwise.
81. REGISTER OF CONTRACTS AND APPOINTMENTS
In accordance with section 219, the Company shall maintain at its office a record, in which shall be entered separately particulars of all contrac appointments in which the directors are interested. Such register or electro open to inspection to the members during business hours, subject to any teas that may be imposed by the Company in general meeting.
82. DIRECTOR MAY BECOME DIRECTOR OF ANOTHER COMAPNY
A director of the Company may be or become a director of any other company promoted by the Company or in which the Company may be interested as a vendor, shareholder or otherwise, and no such director shall be accountable for any benefits received as a director or member of such other company. ELECTION OF DIRECTORS
83. PROCEDURE FOR ELECTION OF DIRECTORS
The number oldirectors determined by the directors under Section 178 shall be elected to office by the members in general meeting in the following manner, namely:
(a) a member present in person or by proxy shall have such number of votes as is equal to the product of voting shares held by him and the number of directors to be elected
(b) a member may give all his votes to a single candidate or divide them between more than one of the candidates in such manner as he may choose. and
I9 the candidate who gets the highest number of votes shall be declared elected as director and then the candidate who gets the next highest number of votes shall be so declared, and so on until the total number of directors to be elected has been so elected.
If the number of persons who offer themselves to be elected as directors is not more than the number of vacancies for which elections are being held, such persons being otherwise eligible shall be deemed to have been elected as directors from the date on which the election was proposal to be effective.
84. TENURE FOR OFFICE OF DIRECTORS
A director elected under Section 178 shall hold office for a period of three years unless he earlier resigns or becomes disqualified from being a director•, or otherwise ceases to hold office.
85. ELEGIBILITY OF RETIRING DIRECTOR
A retiring director of the Company shall he eligible for re-election,
86. REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS
The Company in general meeting may remove a director from office by a resolution with the requisite number of votes determined in accordance with the provisions of the Ordinance.
87. CASUAL VACANCY
Any casual vacancy occurring among the directors may be filled up by than ninety (0i days thereof and the person so appointed shall hold of period of the director in whose place he is appointed provided that the di casual vacancy by appointing any person who has been removed from the of the Company.
88.gOTICE OF INTENTION TO BE FILED
No person including a retiring director of the Company shall be eligible for election to the office at' director of the Company at any general meeting unless he has, not less than fourteen days before the date of the meeting, left at the office, a notice in writing, duly signed, signifying his candidature for the office.
89. REGISTER OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
The Company shall keep at the office a register of the directors and officers. containing the particulars required by Section 205 of the Ordinance and the Company shall otherwise comply with the provisions of that Section as regards furnishing returns to the Registrar and giving inspection of the register.
PROCEEDINGS OF DIRECTORS
90, DECISION BY MAJORITY AND CASTING VOTE
The directors shall meet together for the despatch of business, adjourn and otherwise regulate their meetings and proceedings as they may think fit In accordance with the Ordinance.
70 Questions arising at any meeting shall be decided by a majority of votes and in case of an equality of votes the Chairman shall have a second or casting vote.
91. QUORUM FOR DIRECTORS MEETINGS
The quorum necessary for the transaction of the business of the directors shall not be less than one third of their number or four whoever is greater. An alternate director whose appointment is effective shall be counted in a quorum. In case directors qualified to vote are less than the minimum quorum, the matter should be decided in general meeting.
92. CONVENING OF DIRECTORS MEETINGS
A director may, and the secretary on the requisition of a director shall, at any time summon a meeting of the directors. Such meetings may be held using any technology consented to by all the directors, including but not limited to telephone and video conferencing The consent may be a standing one, withdrawable by a director only within a reasonable period of time before the meeting. It shall not be necessary to give notice of a meeting of directors to any director for the time being absent from Pakistan.
9:1. CHAIRMAN BOARD OF DIRECTORS
The board of directors of the Company shall from time to time elect one of the directors as Chairman of the hoard of directors of the Company and determine the period for which he is to hold office, his role, remuneration and other terms and conditions, if any. The Chairman shall preside ovta all meetings of the board of directors, but if at any meeting neither the Chairman is present in person within half an hour of the time appointed for holding the same, the dir present in person may choose one of their number to be Chairman of the meeting.
94. EXCERCISE OF POWERS BY THE DIRECTORS
A meeting of the directors at which a quorum is present shall he competent to any of the authorities, powers and discretion by or under these articles for the tim in or exercisable by the directors generally.
95. DELEGATION OF POWERS
The directors may from time to time delegate of their powers to committees consisting of members or members of their bocly as they think fit, and may from time to time revoke such delegation. Any committee so firmed shall, in the exercise of the powers so delegated, conform to any regulations that may from time to time be imposed upon it by the directors.
96. MEETING OF COMMITTES
The meeting and proceedings of any such committee consisting- of two or more members shall be governed by the provisions herein contained for regulating the meetings and proceedings of the directors, so far as the same are applicable thereto.
97. WHEN ACTS OF DIRECTORS OR COMMITTEE VALID
All acts done by any meeting of the directors or by a committee of the directors or by any person acting as a director of the Company shall, notwithstanding that is shall afterwards be discovered that there was some defect in the appointment or continuance in office of any such directors or person acting as aforesaid, or that they or any of them were disqualified or had vacated office, or were not entitled to vote, be as valid as if every such person had been duly appointed or had duly continued in office and was qualified and had continued to be a director and had been entitled to be a director. Provided that nothing in this article shall be deemed to give validity to acts done by any such director after the appointment of such director has been shown to be invalid.
98. RESOLUTION BY CIRCULATION
A resolution circulated through fax or email or any form of electronic transmission to all the directors for the time being entitled to receive notice of a meeting of the directors. passed without any meeting of the directors or of a committee of directors and signed or affirmed through fax or email or any form of electronic transmission, by a majority of all directors in writing under the hands of all directors (or in their absence their alternate directors) for the time being in Pakistan, being not less than the quorum required for meetings of the directors, or as the case may be of the members of the committee, shall he valid and effectual as if it had been passed at the meeting of the directors, or as the case may be of such committee, duly called or constituted. The resolution in writing of the Company may consist of several copies of a document signed by one or more director(s) and takes effect at the date and time on which the last director, necessary for the resolution to be passed, signs a copy of the resolution; or a record of several signed electronic messages each indicating the identity of the sender, the text of the resolution and the sender's agreement or disagreement to the resolution, as the case may be and such a resolution takes effect on the date on which the last director's message, necessary for the resolution to be passed, is received.
99. REMUNERATION FOR EXTRA SERVICES
If any director of the Company, being willing„ shall be called upon to perform extra services or to mike any special exertions in going or residing away from his place of business for the time being for any of the purposes of the Company or in giving special attention to the business of the Company as a member of a committee of the directors, the Company may remunerate sue director so dbing either by a fixed sum or by a percentage of profits or othaWise as determined by the directors.
MINUTES
100. MINUTES OF MEETINGS
The directors shall cause minutes to be duly entered in books provided for of or as an electronic record. of
(a) all appointments of officers;
(b) the names of the directors present in person at each meeting of the directors and of any committee of the directors;
(c) all decisions. directions and orders made by the directors and committees of the directors;
(d) all resolutions and proceedings of general meeting and of meetings of the directors and of the committees of the directors;
and any such minutes of any meeting of the directors or (Warty such committee or of the Company, if purporting to be signed by the Chairman of such meeting or by the Chairman of the next succeeding meeting, shall be prima facie evidence of the matter stated in such minutes. POWER AND DUTIES OF DIRECTORS
101. DIRECTORS TO COMPLY WITH THE LAW
The directors shall duly comply with the provisions of the Ordinance, Insurance Ordinance, the Code as modified or amended or substituted from time to time and rules, regulations, guidelines framed there under.
102. DIRECTORS TO CONTROL AND MANAGE COMPANY AFFAIRS
The control of the Company shall be vested in the directors, and the business of the Company shall be managed by the directors who may exercise all such powers of the Company as are not by the Ordinance or by these articles or by a special resolution expressly directed or required to be exercised or done by the Company in general meeting.
103. POWER OF THE DIRECTORS
Without prejudice to the general powers conferred by Ordinance and to any other powers or authorities conferred by these articles on the directors, it is hereby expressly declared that the directors shall subject to the exercise in accordance with the Ordinance have the followina powers, that is to say, power:
(1) To purchase or otherwise acquire for the Company any property, rights or privileges which the Company is authorised to acquire • nd generally on such terms and conditions as they thi exchange or otherwise dispose of absolutely or co property, privileges and undertaking of the Com conditions, and for such consideration, as they ma
(2) At their discretion to pay for any property, riaht services rendered to the Company either wholly or (subject to the provisions of section 86 of the Ordin other securities of the Company. Any such bon securities may be either specifically charged upon allor a of the Company or not so charged.
(3)- To open account with any bank or financial institution and deposit into and withdraw money from such accounts from time to time.
(4) To make, draw, endorse, sign, accept, negotiate and give all cheques, bills of lading, drafts, orders, bills of exchange, and other promissory notes and negotiable instruments required in the business of the Company.
(5) To secure the fulfilment of any contracts, agreements or engagements entered into by the Company by mortgaite or charge of all or any of the property of the Company tin the time beimg or in such other manner as they may think tit.
(6) Subject to the provisions of the Ordinance, to appoint and at their discretion remove or suspend such agents (other than Managing Agents), managers, secretaries, officers, employees for permanent, temporary or special services as they may from time to time think tit, and to determine their powers and duties and fix their salaries or emoluments and to require security in such instances and to such amount as they think fit.
'1 (7) To appoint any person or persons (whether incorporated or not) to accept and hold in trust for the Company any property belonging to the Company or in which it is interested or for any other purposes, and to execute and do all such deeds, documents and things as may be requisite in relation to any such trust and to provide for the remuneration of such trustee or trustees.
(8) To institute, conduct, defend, compound or abandon any legal proceedings by or against the Company or its officers or otherwise concerning the affairs of the Company and also to compound and allow time for payment or satisfaction of any debts due and of any claims or demands by or against the Company.
To refer claims or demands by or against the Company to arbitration and observe and perform the awards.
To make and give receipts, releases and other discharges for money payable to the Company and for the claims and demands of the Company.
To determine who shall be entitled to sign on the Company's behalf bills, notes, receipts, acceptances. endorsements, cheques, releases, contracts and documents.
From time to time to provide for the management of the a either in different parts of Pakistan or elsewhere in su tit, and in particular to establish branch offices and be the attorneys or agents of the Company with su to sub-delegate) and upon such tern; as may be
To invest and deal with any of the moneys of th required for the purposes thereof upon such sect they may think tit, and from time to time to vary
From time to time to make, vary and repeal bye-laws business of the Company, its employees,
To enter into all such negotiations and contracts and rescind and vary all such contracts and execute and do all such acts, deeds and things in the name and on behalf of the Company as they may consider expedient for or in relation to any of the matters aforesaid or otherwise for the purposes of the Company.
(16) To establish, maintain, support and subscribe to any charitable or public object, and any institution, society, or club which may be for the benefit of the Company or its employees, or may be connected with any town or place Where the Company carries on business; to give pensions, gratuities, or charitable aid to any person or persons who have served the Company or to the wives, children, or dependants of such person or persons, that may appear to the director's just or proper: whether any such person, his Widow, children or dependants, have or have not a legal claim upon the Company.
(17) Subject to .the provisions of section 227 of the Ordinance, before recommending any dividends, to set aside portions of the profits of the Company to form a hind to provide hir such pensions, gratuities, or compensation: or to create any provident or benefit fluid in such or any other manner as to the directors may seem fit. (18) Subject to the provision of the Ordinance to accept from any member on such tarns and conditions as shall be agreed a surrender of his shares or any part • thereof
(19) To make advances and loans without security or on such security as they may deem proper and as permissible under the law.
(20) To delegate all or any of the powers hereby conferred upon them to such person or persons as they may from time to time think fit subject to the provision of Section 196 of the Ordinance.
(21) To approve appointment of alternate directorldirectors.
POWER OF ATTORNEY
104. APPOINTMENT OF ATTORNEY
The directors may from tune to time and at any time by power of attorney appoint any company, firm or person (including any director or officer of the Company) or body of persons, whether nominated directly or indirectly by the directors. to be the attorney or attorneys of the Company for such purposes and with such powers, authorities and discretions and for such period and subject to such conditions as they may think fit. and any such powers of attorney may contain such provisions for the protection and convenience of persons dealing with any such attorney to delegate all or any of the powers, authorities and discretions vested in him; udice to the generality of the foregoing any such power of atton ttomey to institute, conduct, defend, compound or abandon against the Company. whether generally or in any partict
BORROWING POWER
105. DIRECTORS POWERS TO BORROW
(1) The directors may exercise all the powers of the, and to mortgage or charge its undertaking, property and id future), and to issue debentures, debenture stocks, and other sec er outright or as collateral security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company or of any third party
(2) In exercising the powers of the Company aforesaid the directors may, from time to time and on such terms and conditions as they think fit, raise money from banks and financial institutions and from other persons under any permitted system of financing. whether providing for payment of interest or some other form of return, and in particular the directors may raise money on the basis of the mark up on price, musharika, tnodaraba or any other permitted mode of financing.
(3) In regard to the issue of securities the directors may exercise all or any of the powers of the Company arising under Sections 87 and 120 of the Ordinance and in particular the directors may issue any security as defined in Section 2(1) (34) of the Ordinance or may issue arty instrument or certificate representing redeemable capital as defined in section 2(1) (30A) of the Ordinance or participatory redeemable capital as defined in section 2(1) (25) of the Ordinance,
25 (4) Any debentures, debenture-stock, bonds or other securities may be issued at a discount, premium or otherwise and with any special privileges as to redemption, surrender. drawing, allotment of shares. attending and voting at general meetings of the Company. appointment of directors of the Company or otherwise.
106 REGISTER OF MORGAGES AND CHARGES
The directors shall cause a proper register to be kept in accordance with the provisions of Section 135 of the Ordinance, o fall mortgages and charges spec: flimsily afiecting the property of the Company, and shall duly comply with the provisions of the sections of the Ordinance, namely, Sections 121 and 122 (Registration of mortgages and charges), Section 128 (Endorsement of certificates), Section 129 (Filing of prescribed particulars), Section 130 (Keeping of a copy of every instrument creating any mortgage or charge by the Company at the office) and Section 132 (Giving of intimation of the payment or satisfaction of any charge or mortgage created by the Company).
BOOKS OF ACCOUNTS
107. DIRECTORS TO KEEP BOOKS OF ACCOUNTS
The directors shall cause to be kept proper books of account as re aired under section 230.
108. WHERE TO KEEP BOOKS OF ACCOUNTS
The books of account shall be kept at the register aft h other place as the directors shall think fit and shall b rreg during business hours. •e? ; 109. INSPECTION BY MEMBERS ,ts `s**' The directors shall limn time to time determine whether tki4114 at what time and places and under what conditions or regulations the d books or papers of the company or any of them shall be open to the inspection of members not being directors, and no member (not being a director) shall have any right of inspecting any account and books or papers of the company except as conferred by law or authorised by the directors or by the company in general meeting.
110. PREPARATION OF ACCOUNTS
The directors shall as required by sections 233 and 236 cause to be prepared and to be laid before the company in general meeting such profit and loss accounts and balance sheets duly audited and reports as are referred to in those sections.
111. ACCOUNTS TO BE LAID BEFORE THE MEMBERS
A balance sheet. profit and loss account, and other reports referred to in the preceding Article shall be made out in every year and laid before the corimany in the annual general meeting made up to a date not more than three months before such meeting. The balance shtet and profit and loss account shall be accompanied by a report of the auditors of the company.
26 112. ACCOUNTS AND REPORTS TO BE SENT TO MEMBERS
A copy of the balance sheet and profit and loss account and report of auditors shall, at least twenty-one days preceding the meeting, be sent to the persons entitled to receive notices of general meetings in the manner in which notices are to be given.
113. ERRORS DISCOVERED AFTER APPROVAL OF ACCOUNTS
Every account of the company when audited and approved by a general meeting shall be conclusive except as regards any errors discovered therein within three months next after the approval hereof Whenever any such error is discovered within that period the account shall forthwith be corrected and henceforth shall be conclusive.
114. DIRECTORS TO COMPLY SECTION 230 AND 236
The directors shall in all respects comply with the provisions of sections 230 to 236.
ANNUAL RETURNS
115. FILING OF FORM A
The Company shall make the requisite annual returns in accordance with the provisions of section 156 of the Ordinance.
DIVIDENDS AND RESERVES
112. The company in general meeting may declare dividend but no the amount recommended by the board.
113. The directors may from time to time pay to the members such appear to the directors to be justified by the profits of the compan
114. No dividend shall be paid otherwise than out of profits of the yea undistributed profits. No unpaid dividend shall bear interest against the compan
116. The dividend warrants shall be sent by the company by registered post unless the shareholder entitled to receive the dividend requires otherwise.
117. With the sanction of a resolution in the general meeting, any dividend may be paid wholly or in part by the distribution of specific assets and in particular of paid-up shares or debentures of any other company or in any one or more of such ways. The directors may fix the value for distribution of such specific assets or any part thereof and may determine that cash payments shall be made to any members upon the footing of the value so fixed, in order to adjust the rights of all members, and may vest any such specific assets in trust tbr the members entitled to the dividend as may seem expedient to the directors.
118. The directors May, before recommending any dividend, preferential or otherwise, set aside out of the profits of the company such sums as they think proper as a reserve or reserves which shall, at the discretion of the directors, be applicable for meeting contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for any other purpose to which the profits of the company may be properly applied, and pending such application may, at the like discretion, either be employed in the business of the company or he invested in such investments (other than shares of the company) as the directors may, subject to the provisions of the ordinance, from time to time think fit.
122. The directors may carry forward any profits which they may think prudent not distribute. without setting them aside as a reserve.
123. Any general meeting may resolve that any moneys, investments, or other assets firming part of the undivided profits of the company standing to the credit of any reserve or other fund or in the hands of the company and available for dividend (or representing premium received on the issue of shares and standing to the actin of the shares premium account) be capitalized and distributed amongst such of the shareholders as would be entitled to receive the same if distributed by way of dividend and in the same proportions on the :footing that they become entitled hereto as capital and that all or any part of such capitalized fund be applied on behalf of such shareholders in paying up in ftill, any unissued shares, debentures or debenture-stock of the company which shall be distributed accordingly and that such distribution of payment shall be accepted by such shareholders in full satisfaction of their interest in the said capitalized sum.
124. A transfer of shares shall not pass the right to any dividend declared thereon before the registration of the transfer.
125. If several persons are registered as joint holders of any share, any one of them may give effectual receipt for any dividend payable on the share.
126. Notice of any dividend that may have been declared shall be given in the manner hereinafter mentioned to the persons entitled to share therein.
1 -7 7 The dividend shall be paid within the period laid down in section 25
128. All dividends unclaimed for one year after having been deel otherwise made use of by the directors for the benefit of the and all dividends unclaimed for three years after having forfeited by the directors for the benefit of the company, but the forfeiture wherever they may think proper.
AUDIT
129_ APPOINTMENT OF AUDITORS
Auditors shall be appointed and their duties regulated in accordance with Sections 252 to 255 of the Ordinance or any statutory modification thereof for the time being in three. SEAL
I :V. COMMON SEAL OF THE COMAPNY
The directors shall provide a common seal of the Company which shall not be affixed to any instrument except by the authority of a resolution of the board or by a committee of directors authorised in that behalf by the directors, and two (2) directors, or one (1) director and the secretary of the CoMpany, shall sign every instrument to which the common seal is affixed.
28 131 USE OF OFFICIAL SEAL OUTSIDE PAKISTAN
The directors may provide for the use in any territory, district or place not situated in Pakistan, of an official seal which shall be a facsimile of the common seal of the Company, with the addition on its face of the name of every territory, district or place where it is to be used. The official seal shall not be affixed to any instrument except by the authority of a resolution of the board or by a committee of directors authorised in that behalf by the directors, and two (2) directors. or one (1) director and the secretary of the Company, or such other person as the directors may appoint for the purpose, shall sign every instrument to which the official seal is affixed. The provisions of section 213 shall apply to the use of the official seal.
NOTICES 132. NOTICES TO MEMBERS
Notice shall be given by the company to members and auditors of the company and other persons entitled to receive notice m accordance with section 50 and will include electronic form as may apply to the manner in which notices are to be issued, served andfor received by the company
133. MERGER, DE-MERGER AND RECONSTRUCTION OF TEH COMAPNY
Subject to and in accordance with the provisions of section 287, the Company may reconstruct, amalgamate into another Company or divide into two (2) or more companies in the process of which the whole or any part of the undertakini., or liabilities of the Company or any other company, may be transferr • Company or the Company, respectively; as the case nary be. Prov the undertaking of the Company, the directors, or the liquidator / if authorised by a special rolution, accept fully paid shares. de of any other company, whether incorporated in Pakistan or not, to be formed, for the purchase in whole or iu part of the propert the directors (if the profits of the Company permit) or the liqui • may distribute such share;:. or securities, or any other property of \ the members without realisation, or vest the same in trustees for the N, resolution may provide for the distribution or appropriation of the ca securities, benefits or property, otherwise than in accordance with the s of the members or contributories of the Company. and for valuation of any such securities or property at such price in such manner as the meeting may approve, and all holders of shares shall be bound to accept and shall be bound by any valuation or distribution so authorised, and waive all tights in relation thereto, save only in case the Company is proposed to be or is in the course of being wound up, such statutory rights (if any) under section 367 of the Ordinance as are incapable of being varied or excluded by these articles. SECRECY
134. DECLARATION TO OBSERVE SECRACY
Every director, manaeer. adviser, auditor. tnistee, member of a committee, officer. servant, agent, accountant or other person employed in the business of the Company shall, if so required by the directors before entering upon his duties, sign a declaration pledging himself to observe a strict secrecy respecting all transactions of the Company with its customers and the state of accounts with individuals and in matters relating thereto and shall by such declaration pledge himself not to reveal any of the matters which may come to his knowledge in the discharge of his duties except when required
29 to do so by the directors or by any meeting or by any Court of law and except so fin as may be necessary in order to comply with any of the provisions in these articles contained.
135. NO MEMBER TO ENTER THE PREMISES OF THE COMPANY
No member or other person (not being a director) shall be entitled to enter upon the property of the Company or to inspect or examine the Company's premises or properties of the Company without the permission of the directors for the time being or, subject to the provisions of article 122. to require discovery of or any information respecting any detail of the Cotnpany's trading or any matter which is or may be in the nature of a trade secret. mystery of trade, or secret process or of any matter whatsoever which may relate to the conduct of the business of the Company and which in the opinion of the directors it will be inexpedient in the interest of the members of the Company to communicate.
ARBITRATION
136. APPOINTMENT OF ARBITRATOR
Whenever a difference arises between the Company on the one hand and any of the members, their executors, administrators, or assignees on the other hand touching the true intent or construction or the incident or consequences of these pre status of enactment's of the legislature, or touching anything then executed, omitted or suffered in pursuance of these presents enactment's touching any breach or alleged breach or otherwise r or to these presents, or to the status or to any of the affairs or' the Company by written agreement refer to arbitration in Arbitration Act 1940 (X of 1940) and every such difference decision of an arbitrator to be appointed by the parties in diff agree upon a single arbitrator, to the decision of two arbitrators, party, or in the event of disagreement of the arbitrators. to that of by arbitrators themselves. The provisions of Arbitration Act 19- apply to all arbitrations between the Company and persons having such
137. FAILURE TO APPOINT ARBITRATOR BY ONE PARTY
If either party to the difference makes default in appointing the arbitrator for fifteen days after the other party has given to him notice to appoint the same, such other party may appoint an arbitrator to act in the place of the arbitrators ofthe defaulting party.
138. COST OF ARBITRATION
The costs of or incidental to any such reference and award shall he in the discretion of the arbitrator/arbitrators or umpire as the case may be who may determine the amount there of an may award by whom. and to %Omm and in what manner the same shall he borne and paid.
WINDING UP
139. DISTRIBUTION OF ASSETS ON WINDING UP
lithe Company shall he wound up and the assets available fix distribution among the members, subject to the rights attached to any preference share capital. as such shall be insufficient to repay the whole of the paid-up capital, such assets shall be distributed
30 so that as nearly as may be the losses shall be borne by the members in proportion to the capital paid up on the shares held by them respectively. And if in a winding up the assets available for distribution among the members shall be more than sufficient to repay the whole of the capital paid up at the commencement of the winding up, the excess shall be distributed amongst the members in proportion to the capital at the commencement of the winding up. paid up on the shares held by them respectively. But this article is to be without prejudice to the rights of the holders of shares issued upon special terms and conditions.
140. DISTRIBUTION OF ASSETS IN:SPECIE OR KIND
If the Company shall be wound_ whether voluntarily or of with the sanction of a special resolution divide among the any part of the assets of the Company. and may with the the assets of the Company in trustees upon such trusts for or any of them as the liquidator with the like sanction shal
LNDEMNITY
141. Every director or officer of the Company and every p Company as auditor shall be indemnified out of the funds (Ate liability incurred by him as such director, officer or Auditor in • any proceedings, whether civil or criminal, in which judgement is given in his favour, or in which he is acquitted, or in connection with any application under section 4$8 of the Ordinance in which relief is granted to him by the Court.
31 We the several persons, whose names and addresses are subscribed belo formed into a company in pursuance of this Articles of Association and w take the number of shares in the capital of the Company set opposite our res
. ..:.. „ . .. Name and' .Father's . -ationahty -.. . Surnanz.e*: Surname in '. wi• th,any Occupation C'1C - -.',: ...... - Full • ' ' '.. ' . Full • :Taitilet Number.. ,.- •, Na .... -.• Omar Alunad Pakistani Business 35202- House No. 10 500 Saeed Sneed 37861.83-5 Gulberg V, Lahore Hassan Chaudhry Pakistani Business 35202- House No. 4- 500 Javed Ahmed 2936650-7 A, Gulherg IL laved Lahore Ahslui. Khalid Pakistani Business 35202- House No. 500 Bashir Bashir 2631701-3 109-A. Crul Mehar Road, Lahore Adil Ithalid Pakistani Business 35202- House No, 33- 500 Bashir Bashir 9150580-3 D-L Gulberg III, Lahore Service Subscriber Pakistani Business 00008641. Servis House, 24000 Industries 2-Main Limited ' Crulherg, Lahore. -Through Muhammad - Pakistani Jawwad Service 35202- 66-H, Valencia Arniad Faisal 7096118-5 'Town. Lahore Suraj Cotton Subscriber Pakistani Business 0012519 7-B-Ill Aziz 24,000 Mills .Limited Avenue. Gulbere V. Through Lahore
Farooq Ch Ali Ahniad .. House c 458, Pakistani ervice 35202- Raza Block. Ahrnad Saleemi N 2819108-7 Allama lq hal ." :11..t.W.ili i : elSIEWLIell_llr "1_ Total hares Ta ifty Thousand) Dated this 17 February 2016
JOINT REO(S AR OF C '1ES Witness to the above Sitmat ures: COMPANY RE ISTPAT1ON OFFICE LAHORE. Full Name: National Institutional Facili anon Technoloeies vt. a . Full. Address: 5 m Floor, AWT Plaza, 1, I. Chundrigar Roa , Karachi.
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PARTICULARS OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS, INCLUDING THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE, MANAGING AGENT, SECRETARY, CHIEF ACCOUNTANT, AUDITORS AND LEGAL ADVISERS, OR OF ANY CHANGE THEREIN
Ti-iE COMPANIES ORDINANCE. 1984 FORM 29 (SECTION 2051
1. Incorporation Number
2 Name of Company 52 HYDRO LIMITED
3 Fee Paid (Rs. 1600 0 Name and Branch of Bank !LAHORE, MCB - Main Market Gulbefg 10183(
4. Receipt No. 5-2016-421929 22102/2015
5. Mode of Payment (Indicate) Sank Chattan
a. Particulars': 5.1 New Appointment/Election
t Nic No or IPeSS13011 No Fattier I !Present Name in Full case Usual Residential pin of I)ausband Name I (a) Adcress (0) • Foreign National (b) Adil Bash House No 33-0-I, Director Pakistan Business Sinoe Gutberg Ill. Lahore Into Punjao Pakistan
Ahaan Bashir -35202- IS/0 Khalid House No 109-4, Director Pakistan Business ,iSince 2831701.3 (Savior Gul Menai Road Incorporatior. Lahore Punjab Pakistan
Hassan .laved 35202- SiO Chaudhry House No 4-A . 12936650-7 Ahmed Jawed Gulberg I:. Lahore Punjab Pakistan
,Ornar Saesid 35202- 150 Ahmac House No 10 !Director iPakistan Business 1Since 3756153-5 Saeec Gulberg V Lahore I Incorporation. Punjab Pakistan
5.2. Ceasing of Officer/Ret rement/Resignabon
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6.3 Any other change in particulars relating to columns .fa..) to -)g) above
fNic No. or I. !Cale of Mode of , 1 Passport No Father r .• liBusiness Present Apootrteme Usual Residential • Designation Present Name in Full i fin case of Husband ' Nat*n8i4tr ilOccupahon Appointmen tit / change Address (d) ej IT) Woreign Name (c) I H. (daily) (0) t or Change / any other .i litaational (c) .:• (h) remarks (i)
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Name of Signatory Ahsan Bashir ES CO 12 RA ; • ICE Signature of Chief RE. 22/#'-4,r, 6 s•NC,,,,7 ExeoutNerSecretary tt1'
https://eservices.secp.gov.pk/eServicesIEFormControllerServIet?mode—html&action,--o... 2/24/2016 Prospectus
Introduction of Applicant
Suraj Cotton Mills Limited ("Suraj") and Service Industries Limited ("Service"), through a wholly-owned subsidiary, S2 Hydro Limited ("S2 Hydro" or "Project Company") intends to set up a green field 18 MW low-head, run-of-the-river hydropower plant in District Jhelum, Punjab (the "Project") under the provisions of the Punjab Power Generation Policy 2006 (Revised 2009). The Project will be located adjacent to Rasul Barrage, on the right-bank, in District Jhelum, Punjab.
The Project will sell power to the national grid through sale of energy to the Central Power Purchasing Agency Guarantee Limited ("CPPA-G") under a 30-year Energy Purchase Agreement ("EPA"). The Project will allow the sponsors to take an exposure in the power sector through incentives offered by the different government agencies. Salient features of the Facility • The broad parameters of the project are as under:
Project Capacity 18.5 MW (Gross) Project Location Rasul Barrage, District Jhelum, Punjab Land Area 92 Acres (approximately) Construction Period 30 months Technology Run-of-the-river Hydropower (Low-head) Power Purchaser CPPA-G Turbines 3 x 6.1 MW Kaplan Horizontal Levelized Tariff US cents 10.36 per kWh
Proposed Investment
The total cost for the project is approximated at PKR 6,322 million, which is expected to be financed in a debt to equity ratio of 75:25.
Social and Environmental Impact of the Proposed Facility
• Hydro-based power generation offers several socio economic advantages for the country. Besides reducing the gap between the demand and supply in the power sector, hydro-power provides an environmentally friendly solution for additional power generation, reduces dependence on fossil fuels, eases the pressure on foreign exchange outflow from the country for import of fossil fuels. Furthermore, there is no resettlement anticipated in the Project, as there is no population or housing structures anywhere in or near the Project Site. Schedule Ill
A - Generation
General Information (i) Applicant's name S2 Hydro Limited 7-B-V, Aziz Avenue, Gulberg 5, (ii) Registered office Lahore, Punjab (iii) Commercial Operation Date (COD) March 2021 Expected life of the Facility from (iv) 30 years COD (v) FExpected remaining useful life of the 30 years y 1 — Location Project is located adjacent to Rasul (i) Site location Barrage, District Jhelum, Punjab. Please refer to Drawings RHP-001 and RHP-005 in Volume 3 (ii) Location map, site map (Drawings) of Feasibility Study (Attached as Item 13 with this application). Project requires approximately 92 acres land, which is owned completely by Irrigation Department, Government of Punjab. Land (iii) Land allotment process is currently underway with assistance from Punjab Power Development Board (PPDB). 2 — Plant (i) Plant type Run-of-the-river (ii) Plant size 18.0 MW 3 — Head (i) Minimum 3.00 m (ii) Maximum 7.80 m (iii) Rated 5.95 m 4 — Technology (i) Turbine technology Kaplan horizontal (bulb) (ii) Size 6.0 MW (each unit) (iii) Number of units 3 5 — Tunnel (i) Tunnel No tunnel is envisaged in the Project 6 — Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) The IEE report has been submitted to Environmental Protection Agency IEE report (i) Punjab for approval. The IEE report is attached as Item 14. 7 — Detailed Feasibility Report The Feasibility Report was approved by a Panel of Experts (POE) (i) Feasibility Report appointed by PPDB on 24-Nov-2016 and is attached as Item 13. 8 — Resettlement Issues There is no resettlement arising from the Project as there is no population or house-structure on the Project site. (i) Resettlement The same is being highlighted in the IEE report (section 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 6.4.7, 8.2.3 and 8.2.7). 9 — Consents Approved on 24-Nov-2016 by POE (i) Feasibility Report appointed by PPDB. Attached as Item 13. Approved by GEPCO on 18-Nov- (ii) Interconnection Study 2016. Attached as Item 15. Sent by GEPCO to CPPA-G on 28- (iii) Power Acquisition Request Aug-2017. Attached as Item 15. 10 — Infrastructure Development Project Site is accessible from National Highway N-5 (Gujrat), through Mandi Bahauddin and Sara- e-Alamgir along Upper Jhelum Canal, (i) Road approximately 200 km from Lahore. The Site is also connected to the M-2 Motorway, approximately 100 km from Bhera Interchange. There is no direct railway link to the Project Site. However, Mandi (ii) Railways Bahauddin which is 8 km away has a railway link with Lahore, Rawalpindi and Karachi sea port.
(iii) Airports Sialkot International Airport, Benazir International Airport (Islamabad) and Allama lqbal International Airport (Lahore) are approximately equal distance (200 km) from the Project Site. The Project envisages construction of residential colony, office building, Site facilities/amenities (iv) mosque, shops, dispensary and roads. 11 — Interconnection Existing 132 KV Mandi Bahauddin — (i) Nearest Grid facility Helan single circuit, through Looping In-Out. (ii) Distance of Grid from Project Site Looping distance is 12 km. (iii) Voltage level 132 KV (iv) Single line diagram Attached as Item 18. 12 — Project Cost and Financing Plan (i) Estimated Project Cost PKR Million EPC Cost 5,097 Land & Environment 19 Residential Colony 82 Development Costs 349 Insurance during Construction 53 Lender's Fee & Charges 253 Interest during Construction 470 Total Project Cost 6,322 (ii) Exchange Rate Assumption 1 USD = 105.0 PKR (iii) Financing Plan PKR Million Debt (75%) 4,742 Equity (25%) 1,581 13 — Schedule Duration Activities Completed Start End (days) (i) Issuance of LOI 11-Mar-16 (ii) Updating & Approval of Feasibility 11-Mar-16 24-Nov-16 258 /up Preparation of Grid Study & 1-Jul-16 18-Nov-16 140 ' ' Approval by GEPCO (iv) PoGEwpecroAcquisition Request from 18-Nov-16 28-Aug-17 283
(v) IEE Report & Submission to EPA , 11-Mar-16 1-Dec-16 265 Punjab (vi) Land Allotment Request to PPDB 26-Sep-17 26-Sep-17 - Activities Underway & Future Duration Start End Schedule (days) (vii) CPPA-G Consent 8-Feb-18 9-Apr-18 60 Generation License Application & (viii) 8-Feb-18 25-Mar-18 45 Issuance (ix) Tariff Application & Approval 9-Apr-18 24-May-18 45 (x) EPC Activities 15-Mar-18 13-Jul-18 120 (xi) Issuance of LOS 24-May-18 8-Jun-18 15 (xii) Signing of Security Documents 8-Jun-18 7-Aug-18 60 (xiii) Financial Close Activities 24-May-18 21-Sep-18 120 (xiv) Construction Period 21-Sep-18 9-Mar-21 900 (xv) Commercial Operations Date 9-Mar-21 9-Mar-21 - 14 — Peaking/Base Load Operations The Plant is of Base-Load operation (i) Operations type as there is no water storage facility envisaged in the Project. 15 — Plant Characteristics (i) Generation voltage (generator) 6.17 KV (each unit) (ii) Power factor (rated) 0.9 (iii) Frequency 50 Hz (iv) Automatic generation control Digital Governor (v) Ramping rate (rated speed) 100 RPM (vi) Control, metering & instrumentation Attached as Item 19. (vii) Plant Efficiency Turbine (at rated head & 93.20% discharge) Generator 98.00% Transformer 99.38% 16 — System Studies (Load Flow, Short Circuit, Stability) Approved by GEPCO on 18-Nov-16. (i) System Studies Attached as Item 15.
-to RO < LAHORE 17 — Training & Development
Training of E&M staff to be arranged (i) Training & Development before COD by the EPC Contractor and E&M equipment manufacturer.
.40 ROt LAISORE$ FRilir I F-i=i>.•:! : •
82 HYDRO LIMITED 7-Et-V, nzrz AVEMIP., Latuirc, Tel +92 Fax +W. (4 =!, 5
27th February 2018 S2HYDROINEPRA-GL-D/270218
The Registrar National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) 4,1). NEPRA Office Building c-rec.)-9 Sector G-511, Ataturk Avenue (East) c‘wP) S71-1- -11. Islamabad ( F Subject: S2 Hydro - '11M1/1/ Hydropower Project at Rasul Barrage, Jhelum — Note on Project Locatiptit
With regards to the above mentioned 'Project, an application for a Generation License h;] been made on gth February 2018. We would like to clarify the exact location of the Projeo since some documents state District Jhelum, while some state District Mandl Elahauciclh This is because the Project location is on the border of DiMrict Jhelum and MEind Bahauddin.
We would like to clarify that as per the Letter of Interest issued to S2 Hydro Limited by PPlig on 11th March 2016, and the Feasibility Study, the Project location was mentioned as Distric Mandl Bahauddin. However, upon later confirmation from the local land revenue officials, tri, Project location was confirmed to be Mouza Marialah, District Jhelum, Punjab.
We hope that this note provides some clarity on this matter. We would he pleased to ansm: any query that your offices may have on this matter.
Sincerely,
\\) ■ No. PPDB/ Ai /2016 PUNJAB PAWS DEVELOPMENT semi ENERGY DEPARTMENT Irrigation Secretariat, Old Anarkali, Lahore (Ph: 042-99211879 Fax: 99213885) Date: 2.11 / /2016
1. The Managing Director, Private Power & Infrastructure Board, Government of Pakistan, Bureau of Emigration and Overseas Employment Tower, G/8-1, Islamabad 2. The Chief Executive Officer, Gujranwala Electric Power Company (GEPCO), Gujranwala 3. The Project Director, Punjab Power Management Unit, 77-Shahjamal Colony, Lahore 4. Dr. Engineer Javed Yunas Uppal, Chairman, Engineering Project Development Consultants, 1- A, Aibak, New Garden Town, Lahore 5. The Superintending Engineer, Lower Jhelum Canal Circle, Irrigation Department, Sargodha
Subject: MINUTES OF PANEL OF EXPERTS (POE) MEETING REGARDING APPROVAL OF FINAL FEASIBILITY STUDY OF 18 MW RASUL HYDROPOWER PROJECT (HPP) ON RASUL BARRAGE, DISTRICT MANDI BAHAUDDIN
The 2'd POE meeting was held on 16th November 2016 in the Committee Room of 0/o Chief Engineer (Power), under the Chairpersonship of undersigned for approval of feasibility study of 18 MW Rasul Hydropower Project on Rasul Barrage, District Mandi Bahauddin. The minutes of said meeting are enclosed for your kind information please.
Regards,
IYA AWAIS Managing Director
CC: 1. The Chief Engineer (Research), Irrigation Research Zone, Irrigation Department, Lahore 2. The Project Director, LBDC Improvement Project, Mustafabad (Dharampura), Lahore 3. PS to Secretary, Government of the Punjab, Energy Department, Lahore 4. Mr. Rafaqat Ali, Jalalpur Irrigation Project Consultants, 1-A/11, Block-P, Model Town Ext., Lahore tk."M/s S2 Hydro Limited, 7-B-V, Aziz Avenue, Gulberg 5, Lahore, Pakistan PUNJAB POWER DEVELOPMENT BOARD ENERGY DEPARTMENT
MINUTES OF 2" MEETING OF PANEL OF EXPERTS (POEs) REGARDING APPROVAL OF FINAL DRAFT FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT OF 18 MW RASUL HYDROPOWER PROJECT (RAW SITE) AT RASUL BARRAGE, DISTRICT MANDI BAHUDDIN, PUNJAB
The rd meeting: of Panel of &Peas (POE) was held on November 16, 2016 in The Committee Room of 0/o of Chief Engineer (Power), under the Chairmanship of Managing Director (MD), Punjab Power Development Board (PPDB), Govt. of the Punjab, Energy Department Lahore for final approval of draft feasibility study of 18 MW Rasul Hydropower Project on Rasul Barrage, District Mandi Bahauddin, Punjab. Participation of POE members and list of the attendees is attached at Annex-A.,
2. The meeting started with the Name of Allah the Almighty. Mrs. Saniya Awais, MD PPDB chaired the proceedings of the meeting. After brief introduction of participants, the details of POE meeting and its decision were shared. The observations and comments received from POE members were conveyed to the sponsor for incorporation in the draft feasibility study. The sponsor submitted the draft Feasibility study report which was conveyed to POE members for review. The 2"I POE.meeting is arranged for approval of draft feasibility study of 18 MW Rasul Hydropower Project on Rasul Barrage, District Mandi Bahauddin.
3. The Sponsor's Consultants made a presentation about the development of the Project, with specific reference to following aspects;
of obsei-vationskomments from POE members. • Sedimentation study. • Financial Model
4. The Sponsor has informed that replies of observation/comments were properly attended and have been incorporated in the fmal draft feasibility study report. The POE members showed faction.
The sponsor highlighted that sedimentation data was taken from LJC for last three years. The results were:analyzed and are within limits and there is no impact of sediment on flows. The details have been incorporated in the Final Feasibility Study Report POE members indicated their satisfaction.
6. Upon query from Project Coordinator of Jalal Pur Project Irrigation Department, the Sponsor informed that breaching section is 750 meter away from power house, which is normally considered safe. Further Sponsor's Consultant shared with POE members that the seismic affect is considered in the design of Power House Structure. It was further informed that the level of bonds for head racethannel is sarne as that of Left and Right Guide Blinds.
7. Upon query from one of the POE member from Irrigation Department, about operation of power house during flood, the Sponsor shared that the power house will be closed during flood and sediment deposits due to flood in Headrace channel will be removed after the event for proper operation.
Page 1 of 2 8. The Sponsor also informed POE that seven (07) undersluice gates of barrage will be synchronized for mitigating in case of surge generated by sudden shut down of power plant which will be studied during model study at Irrigation Research Institute (IRI) Nandipur during Project detailed design stage.
9. MD PPDB inquired about financial model of the project. The Sponsor's Consultants informed that:the levelized tariff is 10.3654 US Cents / KWh i.e., 10.8837 Rs. / KWh. The investment requirements will be made through local financing and feasibility stage tariff is below the upfront tariff value of Rs. 13.0297/KWh. It has been noted that capital cost of the project is indicated as Rs. 6,322 million for 18 MW installed capacity which works out to be US$ 3.35 per M W. Prudent provision of water handling charges, rest house, mosque, etc, may be ascertained to bring the capital cost on lower side to achieve a reasonable tariff in consonance with upfront tariff. MD PPDB advised sponsor to liaison with NEPRA on proposed cost plus tariff
10. MD PPDB enquired about the provision of Interconnection Facilities and status of Power Acquisition Request from GEPCO. The Consultants informed that 132 KV single circuit Mandi Bahauddin —Hillan Grid Station will be made in and out at the switch yard of S2 —HPP. It was further informed that Interconnection Study submitted to GEPCO is based in this Transmission line interconnection configuration. The Sponsor are required to correct the Transmission line interconnection arrangements of single circuit of 132 KV line from switch yard of S2-HPF to Mandl Bahauddin with the above said interconnection configuration. Such an arrangement will require two No line base at the power house of switch yard and will have its cost impact.
11. The STiOnsor during the meeting also -informed41*/ IBE report lin' been sulritted Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Punjab and the internal committee of EPA has cleared the project. The approval letter /NOC shall be issued after getting concurrence from external committee of EPA.
12. DECISION
After due deliberations, POE members showed satisfaction on the feasibility study report and approved 18 MW Rasul Hydropower Project on Rasul Barrage, District Mandi Bahauddin, subject to the submission of NOC(s) from GEPCO, corrections of transmission configuration in line with the Interconnection Study approved by GEPCO, prudent provisions of cost of care and handling of water, provision of additional civil works and NOC from EPA Punjab. POE also advised sponsor to submit the case to NEPRA for getting generation license and tariff.
The meeting ended with vote of thanks from and to the Chair.
x-
Page 2 of 2 • ATTENDANCE SHEET Annex-A POE Meeting with Saigols (Private) Limited Dated 16.11.2016 Regarding Feasibilits Study of 20 MW Hydropower Project on Rasul Barrage, District Mandi Bahauddin DESIGNATION & SR. # NAME CONTACT # E-MAIL SIGNATURE DEPARTMENT PRESE ?
Maitatian Director, PPDB 042-99213885 padb.m nerov.nuniab.lovaik Saniya A ais Evert% Department
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7
8
9 A Project Sponsored by: S2 HYDRO LIMITED
PUNJAB POWER DEVELOPMENT BOARD ENERGY DEPARTMENT - GOVERNMENT OF PUNJAB
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF RASUL LOW HEAD HYDROPOWER PROJECT DISTRICT JHELUM (PUNJAB)
MAIN REPORT Volume1
Consulting Services (Pvt) Limited- Ali Complex, 3rd Floor, 23-Empress Road, Lahore. 111/18-16JUI * * * Phone: +92-042-36360957 Fax: +92-042-36361040 E-mail. [email protected] Website: www.barqaab.com PIAGMEELM7 'TCUIDU ©IF 2COUIL ii.(Da7 MEalD HY DaDPCM7M3 PECIDIE@T 12, -_2011, 113,M2nOM
VOLUME-2 ANNEXURES
VOLUME-3 DRAWINGS
VOLUME-4 INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE) REPORT
-i- RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Table of Contents
FEASIBILITY STUDY RASUL LOW HEAD HYDROPOWER PROJECT
MAIN REPORT VOLUME-1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 SALIENT FEATURES 1 CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 GENERAL 1-1 1.2 LOW HEAD HYDROPOWER PROJECTS - EXISTING / PLANNED 1-2 1.2.1 Existing Projects 1-2 1.2.2 Proposed Low Head Hydropower Stations 1-3 1.2.3 Inventory of Low Head Potential along Existing Barrages and Canal Falls; 1992 1-3 1.3 HYDRO POWER POTENTIAL IN PUNJAB 1-3 1.4 PROPOSED RASUL LOW HEAD HYDROPOWER PROJECT 1-3 1.4.1 Project Objective 1-3 1.4.2 Jhelum River 1-4 1.4.3 Rasul Barrage (Drawing RHP-003) 1-4 1.5 THE PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1-4 1.5.1 Background 1-4 1.5.2 Project Location (Drawing RHP-001) 1-5 1.6 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UPDATING OF FEASIBILITY STUDY 1-5 1.6.1 Consultancy Services 1-5 1.6.2 Scope of Consultancy Services of Revised Feasibility Study 1-5 CHAPTER-2 TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY 2-1 2.1 GENERAL 2-1 2.2 SURVEYING AGENCY 2-1 2.3 SCOPE OF WORK 2-1 2.4 METHODOLOGY 2-2 2.4.1 Data Collection and Reconnaissance 2-2 2.4.2 Monumentation 2-3 2.4.3 Horizontal & Vertical Control 2-3 2.4.4 Topographic and Bathymetric Survey 2-3 2.5 FIELD DATA PROCESSING (Drawing RHP-007) 2-4 CHAPTER-3 HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES 3-1 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3-1 3.2 CLIMATE 3-1 3.2.1 Rainfall 3-1 3.2.2 Temperature 3-2 3.3 HYDROLOGICAL DATA COLLECTION 3-4 3.4 AVAILABILITY OF FLOWS 3-4 3.4.1 Post Accord Period (Scenario — I) 3-4
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Table of Contents 3.4.2 Post Mangla Dam Raising (Scenario-II) 3-9 3.4.3 Recommendation 3-14 3.5 SEDIMENT STUDIES 3-14 3.5.1 Sediment Analysis Using Lower Jhelum Canal (LJC) Data 3-15 3.6 BARRAGE OPERATION 3-15 3.6.1 Present Pond Operation 3-15 3.6.2 Proposed Pond Operation 3-15 CHAPTER-4 POWER POTENTIAL AND OPTIMIZATION STUDIES 4-1 4.1 POWER AND ENERGY POTENTIAL 4-1 4.2 OPTIMIZATION STUDIES 4-2 4.3 OPTIMIZATION OF NUMBER OF UNITS 4-3 4.4 SELECTION OF TURBINE TYPE 4-4 4.5 POWER AND ENERGY CALCULATION 4-5 CHAPTER-5 GEOLOGICAL AND GEOTECHNICAL STUDIES 5-1 5.1 GEOLOGICAL STUDIES 5-1 5.1.1 Previous Work 5-1 5.1.2 Regional Geological Setting (Drawing No. RHP-009) 5-1 • 5.1.3 Regional Stratigraphic Setting (Drawing No. RHP-009) 5-2 5.1.4 Regional Geological Structure 5-2 5.1.5 Geological Mapping of Project Area (Drawing No. RHP-010) 5-3 5.1.6 Stratigraphy of the Jhelum Valley 5-3 5.2 GEOTECHNICS 5-4 5.2.1 Objectives 5-4 5.2.2 Scope of Work 5-5 5.2.3 Exploratory Boreholes (Drawing No. RHP-008) 5-5 5.2.4 Test Pits (Drawing No. RHP-008) 5-6 5.2.5 Laboratory Testing 5-6 5.2.6 Evaluation of Field & Laboratory Testing 5-7 5.2.7 Engineering Characteristics of the Foundation Soils 5-8 5.2.8 Foundation Design Parameters 5-8 5.2.9 Dewatering 5-9 5.3 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS 5-10 5.3.1 Fine Material 5-10 5.3.2 Coarse Material 5-10 5.4 SEISMICITY 5-11 5.4.1 Tectonic Set up (Drawing No. RHP-012) 5-11 5.4.2 Seismic Activity 5-11 • 5.4.3 Seismic Recording (Drawing No. RHP-013) 5-12 5.4.4 Evaluation of Seismic Coefficient (Drawing No. RHP-014) 5-12 CHAPTER-6 LAYOUT ALTERNATIVES 6-1 6.1 GENERAL 6-1 6.2 BASIS OF STUDIES 6-1 6.2.1 Left By-Pass Arrangement 6-1 6.2.2 Main Barrage Arrangement 6-2 6.2.3 Right By-Pass Arrangement 6-2 6.3 RECOMMENDED LAYOUT 6-3 CHAPTER-7 PROJECT CIVIL DESIGN 7-1 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7-1 7.2 GENERAL PROJECT LAYOUT 7-1 7.2.1 Headrace and Tailrace Channels 7-1 7.2.2 Inlet and Outlet Bays 7-2
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. ii RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Table of Contents
7.2.3 Power House Complex 7-2 7.2.4 Approach and exit channels 7-3 7.2.5 Intake Structure 7-3 7.2.6 A.R. Bridge over the Power Channel 7-3 7.2.7 Jalalpur Canal Aqueduct 7-4 7.2.8 Colony 7-4 7.3 BREACHING SECTION OF RASUL BARRAGE 7-5 CHAPTER-8 PROJECT ELECTRO-MECHANICAL DESIGN 8-1 8.1 HYDRO MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT 8-1 8.1.1 Selection of Turbine 8-1 8.1.2 Turbine 8-2 8.1.3 Shaft 8-3 8.1.4 Bearings 8-3 8.1.5 Guide Vane Mechanism 8-3 8.1.6 Operating Mechanism 8-4 8.1.7 Throat Ring 8-4 8.1.8 Draft Tube Liner 8-4 8.1.9 Gear Box 8-4 8.1.10 Governor 8-5 8.1.11 Security Devices and Instruments 8-5 8.1.12 Main Cooling System 8-5 8.1.13 Fire Fighting Equipment 8-5 8.1.14 Dewatering and Drainage System 8-6 8.1.15 Ventilation and Air-conditioning System (HVAC) 8-6 8.1.16 Automization of Barrage Gates 8-6 8.1.17 Cranes 8-6 8.1.18 Oil Handling Equipment 8-6 8.2 ELECTRICAL PLANTS 8-7 8.2.1 Generators 8-7 8.2.2 Excitation 8-8 8.2.3 Transformers 8-8 8.2.4 132 kV Switchyard (Drawing RHP-030) 8-8 8.2.5 Others 8-8 8.3 TRANSMISSION LINE AND INTERCONNECTION 8-9 CHAPTER — 9ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS 9-1 9.1 INTRODUCTION 9-1 9.1.1 Background 9-1 9.1.2 Institutional Arrangements (Project Proponent) 9-1 9.1.3 Scope of Work 9-1 9.1.4 Type and Category of Project 9-2 9.1.5 Need for IEE Study 9-2 9.1.6 Scope of IEE Study 9-2 9.2 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 9-3 9.2.1 Policy Framework 9-3 9.2.2 Institutional Setup 9-3 9.2.3 Environmental Statutory Provisions 9-3 9.2.4 Legal Framework 9-4 9.2.5 Pakistan Environmental Assessment Procedures 9-4 9.3 METHODOLOGY 9-5 9.3.1 General 9-5 9.3.2 Collection of Secondary Data 9-5 9.3.3 Collection of Primary Data 9-5 9.3.4 Identification of Stakeholders 9-6
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Table of Contents
9.3.5 Public Consultations 9-7 9.3.6 Assessment of Environmental and Social Impacts 9-7 9.3.7 Impact Scaling 9-7 9.3.8 Preparation of Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP) 9-7 9.3.9 Environmental and Social Budget 9-7 9.4 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE 9-8 9.4.1 Physical Environments 9-8 9.4.2 Biological Environments 9-9 9.4.3 Socio-Economic Environment 9-9 9.4.4 Estimation of Project Losses 9-11 9.4.5 Existence of Sensitive Areas 9-11 9.4.6 Existence of Sensitive Characteristics 9-11 9.4.7 Scale of Sensitive Characteristics 9-11 9.4.8 Indigenous and Vulnerable Persons and Female Headed Households 9-11 9.4.9 Cultural, Religious, Archaeological and Historical Sites 9-11 9.5 IDENTIFICATION OF STAKEHOLDERS AND PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS 9-12 9.6 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION 9-12 9.6.1 EIA during Pre-Construction Stage 9-12 9.6.2 EIA during Construction Stage 9-13 9.6.3 EIA during Operation Stage 9-13 9.6.4 Assessment of Negative Socio-Economic Impacts 9-13 9.6.5 Assessment of Positive Socio-Economic Impacts 9-14 9.6.6 No Impacts Situation 9-15 9.6.7 Mitigation Measures 9-15 9.6.8 ESA Procedure 9-15 9.7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN (EMMP) 9-16 9.7.1 Introduction 9-16 9.7.2 Objectives of EMMP 9-16 9.7.3 Proposed Environmental and Social Management Actions 9-17 9.7.4 Environmental and Socio-Economic Monitoring Plan 9-17 9.7.5 Performance Indicators 9-17 9.7.6 Monitoring Responsibility 9-18 9.7.7 Environmental Monitoring Mechanism 9-18 9.7.8 Socio-Economic Monitoring 9-18 9.7.9 Monitoring Parameters / Indicators 9-18 9.7.10 Communication and Documentation 9-19 9.7.11 Capacity Building / Training Programme 9-19 9.7.12 Traffic Management Plan (TMP) 9-19 9.7.13 Compensatory Plantation 9-20 9.7.14 Environmental and Social Management Cost 9-20 9.7.15 Grievance Redressal Mechanism (GRM) 9-20 9.7.16 Consultation Strategy 9-22 9.8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 9-22 9.8.1 Conclusions 9-22 9.8.2 Recommendations 9-23 CHAPTER —10 CONSTRUCTION PLANNING 10-1 10.1 GENERAL 10-1 10.2 SITE ACCESS FACILITIES 10-1 10.2.1 Railways 10-1 10.2.2 Access Roads (Drawing No. RHP-002) 10-1 10.2.3 Airports 10-2 10.3 LAND REQUIREMENT 10-2
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. iv RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Table of Contents
10.4 DETAILED DESIGN, TENDER DOCUMENTS AND TENDERING 10-2 10.5 CONSTRUCTION PLANNING 10-3 10.5.1 Planning Considerations 10-3 10.5.2 Construction Sequence (Drawing No. RHP-034) 10-3 10.6 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES 10-3 10.6.1 Site Installation and Mobilization 10-3 10.6.2 Power House Construction 10-4 10.6.3 Downstream Protection Bund 10-5 10.6.4 Upstream Transition 10-5 10.6.5 Downstream Transition 10-5 10.6.6 Headrace Channel 10-5 10.6.7 Tailrace Channel 10-6 10.6.8 Construction of Road Bridge 10-6 10.6.9 Construction in Line with Jalalpur Irrigation Canal 10-6 10.6.10 Disposal of Surplus Excavated Material 10-7 10.7 PROCUREMENT OF ELECTRO-MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT 10-7 10.7.1 Supply of Major Equipment 10-7 10.7.2 Erection, Testing and Commissioning of E&M Equipment 10-7 10.7.3 Switch Yard Equipment: 10-8 10.8 CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES 10-8 10.8.1 Excavation, Earthwork, Bed and Slope Protection 10-8 CHAPTER —11 PROJECT COST ESTIMATE 11-1 11.1 INTRODUCTION 11-1 11.2 BASIS OF ESTIMATION 11-1 11.3 QUANTITIES OF MATERIALS 11-2 11.4 ANALYSIS OF PARTS 11-2 11.4.1 Civil Works 11-2 11.4.2 Electro-Mechanical Works 11-3 11.5 PROJECT DESIGN & ENGINEERING 11-3 11.6 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 11-3 CHAPTER —12 POWER MARKET 12-1 12.1 STRUCTURE OF POWER MARKET 12-1 12.2 ELECTRICITY GENERATION 12-1 12.3 DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY 12-2 12.4 HYDROPOWER IN PAKISTAN 12-2 12.5 SMALL HYDROPOWER PROJECTS 12-3 12.6 LEAST COST EXPANSION PLAN 12-3 CHAPTER —13 FINANCIAL EVALUATION 13-1 13.1 RATIONALE 13-1 13.2 ANNUAL GENERATION/AVAILABILITY 13-1 13.3 PROJECT COST 13-1 13.4 CAPITAL STRUCTURE 13-1 13.5 PROJECT TIMELINE 13-2 13.6 TERM 13-2 13.7 TARIFF STRUCTURE 13-2 13.7.1 Energy Component 13-2 13.7.2 Capacity Component 13-3 13.8 Hydrological Risk 13-4 13.9 PROPOSED PROJECT TARIFF 13-4 13.10 PROJECTED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 13-5 13.11 KEY RATIOS & PROFITABILITY PARAMETERS 13-9 13.12 ADJUSTMENTS/PASS THROUGH ITEMS 13-9
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. v 17011301,UVW (DP E&NBIL, ILCYR7 ItEM GI1 P2CDP@ME PECDZIM4 2aNDEL DnEa2nom
MAIN REPORT VOLUME-1
Figure-ES-1 Project Location Map
Figure-ES-2 Project Access Plan
Figure-ES-3 Project Layout Plan
Figure 1-1 Existing Power Generation Capacity (MVV) in Pakistan
Figure 3-1 Mean Monthly Rainfall at Jhelum
Figure 3-2 Annual Rainfall at Jhelum
Figure 3-3 Mean Monthly Minimum Temperature at Jhelum
Figure 3-4 Mean Monthly Maximum Temperature at Jhelum
Figure 3-5 Average 10 Daily Flows D/S Rasul Barrage (Scenario-I)
Figure 3-6 Flow Duration Curve (Scenario-I)
Figure 3-7 10 Daily Average Gross Head (Scenario-I)
Figure 3-8 Average 10 Daily Flows D/S Rasul Barrage (Scenario-II)
Figure 3-9 Flow Duration Curve (Scenario-II)
Figure 3-10 10 Daily Average Gross Head (Scenario-II)
Figure 4-1 Power, Average Annual Energy and Rated Head Variation with Discharge
Figure 4-2 Selection of Turbine Based on Discharge and Head
Figure 4-3 Average Monthly Power and Energy
Figure 4-4 Power and Energy Duration Curves
Figure 4-5 Single Unit Power Duration Curves FEZ:2E301,04V' rt'UD[DU OCR EL:WM ILOM IXIMB MUDEIOLDCDME 1712CIMU 12.ZUP. 113.n.REaME
Figure 5-1 Tectonic Zone of Pakistan
Figure 5-2 Regional Sedimentary Sequence of Salt Range and Surrounding Area
Figure 5-3 Regional Geological Structure of Salt Range and Potwar Area
Figure 5-4 Block Diagram of Jhelum Valley
Figure 5-5 Proposed Power House Location — Variation of Spt Values with Depth
Figure 5-6 Proposed Bridge Location — Variation of Spt Values with Depth
Figure 5-7 Proposed Power House Location — Field Permeability Data Evaluation
Figure 5-8 Project Proposed Bridge Location — Field Permeability Data Evaluation
Figure 5-9 Grain Size Distribution Curve for Power House Location
Figure 5-10 Grain Size Distribution Curve for Bridge Location
Figure 12-1 Structure of Pakistan's PoWer Sector 0
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Executive Summary
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
S-1 INTRODUCTION
Pakistan is facing acute power shortage due to lack of attention in hydropower sector for last three decades. Presently, the gap between power supply and demand is more than 4000 MW. The situation will become even worse in coming years. The electricity demand is increasing @ 8 to 9% per annum. In order to reduce the gap and to exploit all the potential resources for power generation, the Government of Pakistan has decided to involve private sector and set up Private Power Infrastructure Board for the implementation of power generation projects. Likewise, the Government of Punjab has set up the Punjab Power Development Board (PPDB) under Irrigation and Power Department (IPD) in 1995 to S develop low head hydropower projects at barrages and on canal falls.
The PPDB considered and selected Rasul Low Head Hydro Power Project, for implementation already identified in various studies during past two decades. After essential official formalities a Letter of Interest (L01) duly approved in favor of M/S S2 Hydro Limited in 2015 to carry out further studies of the project.
Description of the Project Area
Rasul Low Head Hydro Power Project is located at Rasul Barrage on Jhelum River. It is situated about 70 kilometers downstream of Mangla Dam in District. Jhelum, Province of Punjab. The site is accessible from N-5 from Gujrat and Sarai Alamgir along the UJC (about 200 Km, from Lahore). The project site is also connected to the Motorway M-2, through Bhera Interchange about 100 Km away. Project location and access plan are shown in figure ES-01 & ES-02.
• The coordinates of the site are:
N: 32° 40' 54" E: 73° 31' 08"
Rasul Barrage
Rasul Barrage was constructed at the present position in 1967. The Barrage is 3209 feet long and has been designed to pass 850,000 cusecs, through 48 bays including six under sluice bays, each of 60 ft. width. There are two canals, Rasul-Qadirabad-Link and Lower Jhelum, off-taking from the left bank, upstream Rasul Barrage. A third canal known as Jalalpur Canal is proposed on the Right Bank for which provision has been made in the right bank of the Head Race Channel. All these off-taking canals are designed to carry a cumulative discharge of 775 cumecs (27400 cusecs).
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. ES-1 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Executive Summary
S-2 HYDROLOGY
Climate
The climate of the project area is generally hot and dry in summer (April to September) and cold in winter (October to March). Rainfall varies from 11 mm in November to 244 mm in July. In summer, temperature in the project area varies from 25° to 33° C, while in winter, temperature falls even below 12° C. Average relative humidity varies from 59 to 89 %. Wind speed varies from 2.4 to 2.7 knots in June and July respectively.
Hydrological Data Processing
Water Availability
Post Mangla Dam Raising data for the period of 2010 — 2015 has been used to estimate water availability. Daily data was converted into 10 daily data to estimate the water availability on 10 daily basis. From the data it was observed that the flow pattern of Jhelum River at Rasul Barrage has entirely changed after Mangla Dam Raising. Flows at Rasul Barrage has significantly increased specially in low flow season. 10 daily available water is shown graphically in Figure S-1.
Figure S-1 Average 10 Daily Flows D/S Rasul Barrage
In order to ascertain flow availability throughout the year, flow duration curve is drawn on 10-daily downstream flow record for the period of 2010 - 2015. At 25, 30 and 35% of time flow availability is 512, 471 and 417 cumecs respectively, however, design discharge of 360 cumecs will be available about 42 % time of the year.
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. ES-2 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Executive Summary
Barrage Operation
The barrage operation, besides meeting the demand of canal water supplies in the two canals on the left bank, will also take care of the demand of water to run the power house. The barrage pond level in the proposed operation will be kept the same i.e. at 219.15 m (719 ft) as already maintained to meet the demands of canal supplies in summer and winter seasons. The operation of the gates of under sluices on the left and right sides as well as standard bays of the barrage will be regulated during the flood and low flow seasons in such a way that the sediments and the bed load clearance upstream of the barrage may not create any problem with the passage of time. Due to sudden load rejection of the power house, the Governing system of the Turbines/Generators will be connected to the radial gates of right pockets though special arrangements, so that during such emergencies supplies of the power canals could be by-passed downstream to Barrage. The existing operation manual of the Barrage will accordingly be amended in consultation of Irrigation Department before completion of the project.
S-3 Power and Energy Potential
Power and energy potential at the site have been estimated on 10-day basis using post Mangla Dam Raising (2010) flow series. The historic pond levels of Rasul barrage and tail water levels on the downstream side of the barrage was used to compute the head across available for power generation. The installed capacity of the plant has been selected as 18.00 MW with average mean annual energy of 94.80 GWh. The plant factor has been calculated as 60.12%.
S-4 GEOLOGY, GEOTECHNICS AND SEISMICITY
Geology
Geologically the project area is a part of upper Indus Basin (Kohat-Potwar Province) of the Pakistan and tectonically falls in Salt Range and Kohat — Potwar Plateau Belt area. A Regional sedimentary sequence of Salt Range and Kohat — Potwar Fold Belt ranging from Eocambrian to Recent is exposed in the Salt Range and Kohat — Potwar Plateau.
Geological mapping of the project area including Pond area, headrace channel, powerhouse tailrace channel, and Borrow areas of construction material were carried out. Rocks were not exposed in the project area, there were only alluvial deposits such as Sandy Silt, Silty Sand and Silty Clay with sand at places, all the alluvial deposits were deposited by the Jhelum River and its tributaries in the area and are of sub-recent age.
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. ES-3 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Executive Summary
Geotechnics
Geotechnical Investigation
The geotechnical investigation program for Rasul Hydropower Scheme comprises 140 m of exploratory boreholes at Proposed Power House area and Bridge location.
The drilling of exploratory borehole was carried out using Straight Rotary Drilling Technique and representative samples were recovered. Beside, Insitu testing including Permeability and SPT at different was also carried out.
At the power house location a thin layer of sandy silt at the top is observed which overlaid by fine sand to a depth of 15m in BH-2 & BH-3 whereas 27 m in BH-4. At the bridge location, the depth of fine sand layer continues to a depth of 20 m. From El. 202.00 to EL. 193.00, the gravely sand is observed in BH-2 and BH-4 whereas the gravelly sand layer was not encountered in BH-3 and BH-1.
A layer comprising silty clay is observed in all the boreholes at the power house and bridge locations. The depth of this layer ranges from 3m in BH-2 to 7m in BH-3. This layer is overlained by fine sand layer up to the maximum drilling depth of 40m.
The ground water level is observed at an average depth of about 2.5 below the ground surface.
Standard Penetration Tests (SPTs) were carried out in the boreholes as per ASTM D-1586 at every 1 m depth interval, in general. The average SPT Values for the power house corresponding to Layer 1 from depth 0-13 m, Layer-2 from 13-22, and Layer-3 from depth 22-35 are 22, 60 and 82 respectively. For the bridge location, these values corresponding to Layer 1 from depth 0-10 m, Layer-2 from 10-20, and Layer-3 from depth 20-40 are 18, 58 and 82 respectively.
In order to estimate the quantity of dewatering and recharge rate of the power house excavation pit, field permeability testing using constant head technique at the selected depths were conducted. Total twenty eight (28) field permeability tests at the power house location revealed the permeability values ranging from 1.3 x 10-6 cm/sec to 3.60 x 104 cm/sec.
Twenty One (21) grain size analysis tests carried out on SPT/UDS samples of the soils collected from boreholes at proposed power house and bridge location. These majorly comprises (18 samples) as SP/SM and a layer of CUML (3 samples) according to Unified Soil Classification System.
Two (02) Atterberg Limit tests were carried out on soil selected samples. The liquid limit of
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. ES-4 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Executive Summary fine grained soil layer is 38 % whereas the plasticity index is 16. This corresponds to generally high plasticity.
Direct shear test were carried out on six (6) soil samples. The test results of samples indicate an angle of internal friction varying from 31.5° to 35.5° with zero cohesion intercept. Consolidation tests were performed on three (3) selected samples revealed that max.
Cy= 2.21 x 104 cm2/sec and Cc= 0.17.
Power House Foundation
The power house pit is about 60 m long 60 m wide. On the basis of field and laboratory tests evaluation, the proposed type of foundation for the power house is Mat/ Raft Foundation. The allowable bearing capacity of the soil at the proposed depth of 15.5 m below ground surface level is 544 KPa (5.68 t/ft2). The maximum elastic settlement of the mat foundation corresponding to a contact pressure of 200 KN/m2 (2 t/ft2) is calculated to be 49 mm. This settlement calculation includes the relief of overburden. The recommended design value is 2 t/ft2.
Bridge Foundation
The proposed A.R. Bridge foundation at the project site is Pile Foundation. A pile group comprising 5 piles in row, each 1.4 m apart, will be provided to elevation 219.62 m and diameter of individual pile in the group will be 0.91m. Pile cap will be provided with top elevation of 221.12 m and thickness of 1.50 m. The average length of pile will be 28 m.
Dewatering
The water table at the project area fluctuates between from 2.5m to 5m throughout the year. A two stage dewatering system comprising dewatering well is proposed for the dewatering system. The calculation of total water quantities and the cone of depression have been carried out by using coefficient of permeability equal to 1.0 x 10-4 cm /s. A total 90 number of pumps with a capacity 0.5 cusec each will be required in the first stage and in the second stage 50 pumps with capacity of 0.5 cusec each are sufficient for this purpose.
Construction Materials
Adequate quantities of construction materials are available in vicinity of the project area which includes fine and coarse materials. Sandstone of the Siwalik group will be used as stone pitching material which is extensively out cropped in the Rohtas and Tarkai area along the GT road from Jhelum to Rawalpindi. Also Irrigation & Power Department in Rasul division is already running a quarry at Baghanwala at a distance of 45 km. Good quality stone available at Baghanwala quarry can be utilized. These potential borrow sources are within 60 km radius from Rasul Barrage.
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. ES-5 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Executive Summary
Seismicity
On the basis of earthquake data, GSP has prepared a map showing seismic Hazard zones of Pakistan. According to the seismic zoning map of Pakistan, the Project area falls in zone- 2 liable for Minor to Moderate damage corresponding to Max. Intensity 7.5 of Modified Mercelli (MM) scale. Accordingly, the seismic factor equal to and greater than 0.1g horizontal ground acceleration with maximum credible earthquake (MCE) is suggested for design of Rasul Low Head Power House and its appurtenant structure. The Operation Basis Earthquake (OBE) is proposed to be of 0.07g.
S-4 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
The project is environment friendly. The environmental considerations have formed an integral part of the evaluation of the layout and design alternatives with the results that all the potential effects of the project have been mitigated. The Project will not pose any resettlement or relocation issues. The land proposed for the project belongs to Government of Punjab.
S-5 PROJECT LAYOUT
The selection of final layout and sizing of a Hydro Power Project involves a large number of interdependent activities such as establishing a theoretical case based on desk studies, sizing of Power Plant, energy calculations, hydraulic modeling and economic considerations. The procedure starts one-dimensional and involves further development under multi-dimensional options keeping in view the topography, geology, seismicity and hydrology of the project area. The design discharge has to be determined in view of construction cost and power generation. Changes in the design discharge will result into the change in the size of Plant and structures, project costs, annual energy and benefits. Costs for different plant sizes are compared with benefits of power generation keeping in view the policies related to peak and off-peak prices. Considering these multi-dimensional conditions, an optional plant size is determined, covering engineering and economical aspects.
The most feasible layout for Rasul Hydropower Project is the right by-pass arrangement with the proposed Jalalpur Canal off-taking from the right pocket of Rasul Barrage and crossing the powerhouse in an aqueduct, constructed atop the draft tubes. As the designers of Jalalpur Irrigation Canal have signaled their intention of not introducing any curvature in the alignment, till it is well clear of the power channel, the location of powerhouse is more or less fixed. This rules out any possibility of placing the intake within the reach of the right guide bund, which had the potential of reducing the length of the head race channel as well as that of the protective bund forming its right bank. Any such arrangement would result in a short head race reach with a sharply curving alignment and likelihood of flow instability close to the powerhouse.
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. ES-6 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Executive Summary
Therefore it was decided to opt for a layout in which the head race channel off-takes from the upstream nose of the right guide bund, which is used as part of the intake structure. The powerhouse is located downstream of the existing Rasul-Pind Dadan Khan Road at a distance of nearly 200 metres from the right abutment of the barrage. Layout of the Project is shown in figure ES-03.
S-6 PROJECT DESIGN
Civil Design
The head race of Rasul Power House off takes upstream of barrage axis located upstream nose of right guide bank. The total length of head race channel from the center line of intake structure's axis is 429 m up to Powerhouse. The divergence angle of the intake channel with reference to the axis of barrage is 32 degree. The head race channel is designed for the discharge capacity of 360 m3/sec on the basis of Manning's equation following the trapezoidal section. The inner slopes are protected by concrete lining. This lining is laid over 0.15 m thick compacted layer of composite filter material comprises coarse to medium gradation sand over compacted back fill or naturally excavated material (as per site conditions). The intake structure is 140 m from the center line of the existing guide bank. The bed width and depth of flow are kept 75.0 m and 3.0 m respectively. The side slope of channel is proposed as 2:1(H: V). The top elevation of both banks is kept equal to the designed top evaluation of guide banks of barrage which is 223.11 m. The water level in the approach channel i.e., upstream of intake structure is proposed same as that of pond level of the Barrage i.e., 219.15 m.
At the start of head race, just downstream of intake structure, the water surface level is proposed as 218.95 m assuming the different operational scenarios of power house. The water surface slope of 0.0002 m/m. The water level at the start of power house is 218.85 m with the bed elevation of 215.85 m. The top width of both the embankment is kept as 10.75 m. The outward slope of the left and right embankments are proposed as 2:1(H: V) and 3:1(H: V) respectively. The excavated material will be used for the construction of the embankments. The filled area of the embankments should be compacted to 90% of Modified AASHTO.
The Powerhouse discharge goes directly in to the river, downstream of barrage axis, through tail race channel. The tail race is also designed in accordance with the Manning's approach adopting trapezoidal section. The maximum and minimum water levels at the exit of draft tube or start of tail race channel is 215.44 m and 211.23 m respectively. The side slope of tail race channel is 2:1 with bed width 73 m and depth of flow is 3.25 m. As far free board of tail race is concerned the top of embankment is kept equal to the top elevation of downstream guide bank, which is proposed by the barrage authorities against the historic flows.
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. ES-7 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Executive Summary
The inlet and outlet bay consist of reinforced concrete cantilever retaining walls acting as approach transition walls.
The power house is located at a distance of 417.65 m from the axis of intake structure. Whereas, it is 216 m away from the right guide bank of the existing barrage. The power house structure includes inlet and outlet bay machine hall (three unit blocks) and adjacent service bay. The power house yard is located adjoining to the service bay. A roll-up door allow easy access of vehicles and semi-trailers required for delivery of major electrical and mechanical equipment. The yard is asphalted with adequate drainage features to accommodate yard drainage. The switchyard and yard are enclosed by fencing and a lockable gate at the road side.
S-7 HYDRO-MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
The proposed turbine for Rasul Hydropower Project is double regulated pit type Kaplan unit of 4.434 m runner diameter having 3 adjustable stainless steel blades. The turbine will be capable of operating within a wide range of head and discharge at maximum efficiency. The unit discharge is 120 m3/sec with a design net head of 5.95 m and turbine speed of 125 rpm. Transmission gear has been proposed between turbine and generator to attain the generator speed of 750 rpm. The generator voltage will be 11 kV.
S-8 POWER MARKET
Low head hydropower potential sites having no storage capacity available in the irrigation system of the country. The generating capacity of these projects is low and cannot be used to meet the peak demand. The power generated by these units is fed directly to secondary transmission or distribution network. Rasul hydropower project to be constructed at Rasul Barrage will have a total generation capability of 18 MW with estimated mean annual energy generation of 94.80 GWh per annum. The power station will be connected to the nearest grid station at Rasul through a 2 Km long 132 kV transmission line. Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) will be signed with GEPCO. The energy meter will be located at the power house switchyard for measurement of energy delivered to the system.
S-9 CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
The project construction is estimated to be completed in 32 months. The construction planning of the project is based on the following considerations:
➢ No interference with irrigation supply D No adverse effect to the existing Barrage Structures > Regular supply to the off taking canals during and after construction of the project.
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. ES-8 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Executive Summary
The construction of powerhouse and excavation of head and tailrace will commence simultaneously. Therefore, installation of equipment required for the erection of dewatering system, diaphragm wall and execution of earthwork has to be undertaken immediately. The reinforcement bending yard and the carpenter's yard including the storage yards will be erected during the final stage of excavation of the powerhouse pit. The erection of these yards has to be completed simultaneously with the completion of the powerhouse pit for starting the concrete works of the powerhouse.
S-10 PROJECT COST ESTIMATE
The total project construction cost of civil works has been estimated on the basis of cost of other similar project handled by the Consultants and prevalent Market Rate System June, 2016 for Punjab Province. The capital cost is formulated under three distinct heads.
• The civil works which cover preliminary works, power channel, powerhouse, and switchyard, tail race channel, offices, residentially colony and other items of civil works. • Supply, transportation, erection, testing and commissioning of electromechanical equipment. • Development cost, corporate overheads, project management cost, Construction insurance and interest during construction, land and other financing charges.
Quantities for Civil Works have been computed on the basis of Layout Plan developed for the scheme and actual topography of the area. The quantities of excavation were then obtained from the cross sections drawn at suitable intervals. Quantities for structures have been calculated from the plans and sections of various component structures. The quantities of electrical and mechanical equipment have been computed on the selected size and type of generating units and preliminary design.
The rate of each work has been prepared keeping in view the local conditions and relevant specifications. Rates of E&M works such as turbines, generators, transformers and other related equipment have been taken keeping in view the rates from ongoing similar projects, engineering judgment and with consultation of manufacturers & suppliers.
The project cost is estimated as USD 60.21 million (Rs. 6,322 million).
S-11 FINANCIAL EVALUATION
Financial evaluation of the Project has been performed based on the average hydrology of the site resulting in approximate 94.80 GWh of saleable energy to the power purchaser at a plant factor of 60.12%.
The proposed tariff is based on a two part tariff structure comprising of energy and capacity components. The energy component is variable in nature, depends upon generation and
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. ES-9 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Executive Summary covers costs related to variable operations and maintenance. The capacity component is fixed in nature and payable subject to the availability of the plant and is based on the tested capacity and average hydrology of the Project stated in the Feasibility. The component comprises of fixed O&M, insurance, return on equity (ROE), and debt servicing components. Based on the tariff parameters, the proposed tariff is provided in the following Table.
# Parameter Tariff Year 1-10 Year 11-30 Indexation 1 Variable O&M (Foreign) 0.1299 0.1299 US CPI, PKR/USD 2 Variable O&M (Local) 0.1299 0.1299 Local CPI Total Energy 0.2598 0.2598 3 Fixed O&M (Foreign) 0.1558 0.1558 US CPI, PKR/USD 4 Fixed O&M (Local) 0.6233 0.6233 Local CPI 5 Insurance 0.5377 0.5377 PKR/USD 6 Return on Equity 4.3199 4.3199 PKR/USD 7 Debt Servicing 7.6514 - 3 month KIBOR Total Capacity 13.2880 5.6367 Total Tariff 13.5478 5.8965 Levelized Tariff (PKR/kWh) 10.8837 Levelized Tariff (US cents/kWh) 10.3654
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. ES- 10 •
FIGURES 0 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Executive Summary
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RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Executive Summary
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SALIENT FEATURES
0 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Salient Features
SALIENT FEATURES
1) Location Rasul Barrage, Punjab
2) River System Jhelum River
3) Main Design Features:
Design Discharge 360 Cumecs Head Limits 3.0 — 7.8 m Rated Net Head 5.95 m Capacity 18 MW Annual Energy 94.8 GWh Plant Factor 60.12 %
4) Hydro Mechanical Equipment: Kaplan Horizontal Pit Type Turbines
No. of Units 3 Nos. Rated Discharge per Units 120 Cumecs Capacity per Unit 6.0 MW Runner Diameter 4.43 m Unit Speed 120 rpm System Frequency 50 Hz
5) Power House:
Power House Overall Dimensions: Overall Power House Length 62.93 m Overall Power House Width 58.0 m Overall Power House Height 36.9 m Power House Machine Hall Level 223.10 masl Power House Machine Hall Length 62.93 m Power House Machine Hall Width 15.13 m Power House Machine Hall Height 11.51 m
6) Trash Racks:
Width 9.31 m Height 14.54 m Inclination 77 Degree
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. SF-1 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Salient Features
7) Head Race Canal:
Length of Headrace Channel 429 m Design Discharge 360 m3/sec Bed Width (B) 75 m Depth of water (D) 3.0 m Flow Area 243.0 m2 Wetted Perimeter 88.42 m Hydraulic Radius 2.75 m Velocity 1.52 m/sec Manning's n 0.02 Side Slopes of Headrace Channel (H:V) 2:1 m Water Surface Slope of Headrace Channel 0.00024 m Bed Level of Headrace at start of Intake Bay 215.85 masl FSL of Headrace at P.H. 218.85 masl
8) Tail Race Canal:
Length of Tailrace Channel 384.0 m Design Discharge 360 m3/sec Bed Width (B) 73 m Depth of water (D) 3.25 m Flow Area 258.38 m2 Wetted Perimeter 87.54 m Hydraulic Radius 2.95 m Velocity 1.45 m/sec Manning's n 0.02 Side Slopes of Tailrace Channel (H:V) 2:1 m Water Surface Slope of Tailrace Channel (1:4167) 0.0002 m Bed Level of Tailrace at start of Outlet Bay 209.93 mast FSL of Tailrace at Exit. 215.44 alas!
9) Financial Studies
Project Life 30 Years Project Cost PKR 6,322 million Levellized Tariff 10.9077 PKR/Kwh 10.3882 USO/Kwh
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. SF-2 CHAPTER
INTRODUCTION • RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Introduction
CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
Energy is one of the four essential requirements, food, water, energy and environment, for the human being. In the developing countries, it is critical for the human welfare, social development and acts as a catalyst for overall progress in the new era. Energy in the form of electricity provides the basic infrastructure input to the national economic growth and its per capita consumption is considered as an index of a national progress.
The most economical resource to generate electric energy is water. The contribution of other non-conventional and renewable sources viz. wind, tidal, solar and geothermal energies is insignificant. In the rural areas, there is a large base of traditional fuels such as fuel wood and agricultural and animal wastes that may be used as energy resource but their exploitation has been limited due to inadequate funding and implementation capability.
A major hindrance in the economic growth of Pakistan is insufficient and unreliable power supply. Due to non-harnessing of energy resources particularly during the last decade, the situation has become worst.
Pakistan needs around 15,000 to 20,000 MW electricity per day, however, currently it is able to produce only 11,500 MW per day hence there is a shortfall of about 4000 to 9000 MW per day. Therefore it is not wrong to suggest that the shortfall is badly damaging the economic growth of the country.
The installed capacity of the country, in the public and private sectors, has increased from 422 MW in 1960 to 24,829 MW by June, 2016. In the past, the share of hydropower was 70% against 30% share of thermal generation whereas; the scenario is vice versa now i.e. 30% against 64%. As a consequence of that, high tariff is being charged from the consumers.
Fortunately, Pakistan has been endowed with the mighty Indus River and its tributaries which have an abundant hydro power potential of more than 50,000 MW, identified through various studies in the past. So far, only 7013 MW (Figure 1-1) hydropower generation has been harnessed (almost 13% of total potential).
During the last decade, a number of policies have been framed to exploit the domestic resources; coal and hydel. However, emphasis is placed for cheaper and environment friendly hydropower resources as compared to the costly and environmentally critical thermal plants.
The country needs an immediate relief by adding power supplies in the national grid system. The power supplies through the hydropower development will be very beneficial for its environmental friendly and will help in lowering of the tariff on account of its cheaper rates.
In view of the Energy crises and the status quo, the Government of Pakistan decided to
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 1-1 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Introduction involve the private sector in power generation. At Federal level, Private Power Infrastructure Board and Nepra were set up to implement power generation projects in the private sector, to regulate tariffs and to safeguard the interests of all stake holders on win-win basis. Likewise, the Government of Punjab set up the Punjab Power Development Board (PPDB) under Punjab Irrigation & Power Department (PID) in 1995 to develop Low Head Hydropower Projects at Barrages and canals falls for taking up through private and public sector participation.
Small hydro, one of the earliest energy sources, has recently caught the country wide attention despite a history of 100 years behind it, mainly because it is eco-friendly, has a short gestation period. The economic viability can be improved by using cost effective designs and new technology based turbines, controls, equipment and materials. In the present scenario of energy starvation danger of global warming and depletion of fossil fuels and their rising prices, the small hydro has assumed significant complementary role in the hydropower development as means of environmental protection and socio-economic development of remote rural areas. The small hydro plants are specially adapted to serve remote areas on independent basis to save large investment needed or extending transmission and distribution for low consumption centers from the power grid supplies by harnessing hydro potential of small rivers and streams besides canal falls utilizing the releases made herein for irrigation and other purpose through construction of small, mini and micro hydel stations.
In the overall scheme of hydropower development high head hydroelectric projects can be more economical compared to any other means in Pakistan. These hydroelectric projects will play a key role to meet the electricity requirements of the country. But they may need more time for implementation, as many sites are located in very remote locations with difficult access.
Among all the non-conventional and renewable energy resources, small hydropower represents highest density and stands in the first place for power generation throughout the world. Some low head hydroelectric projects may be less economical but have the following advantages:
• Comparatively shorter period from planning to completion. • Location nearer to load centers • Infrastructure in the form of existing civil works and vicinity to National Grid
All the policies emphasize to develop national hydropower resources as an alternative to costly and environmentally critical thermal power plants. If no immediate steps are taken in this regard, the power shortage is expected to continue in 2016 and the following years resulting in even worse situation.
1.2 LOW HEAD HYDROPOWER PROJECTS - EXISTING / PLANNED
1.2.1 Existing Projects
Low Head Hydropower Projects on Barrages and Canal systems in Pakistan are being constructed since long. The first project of this type is Renala Khurd in the province of Punjab, with an installed capacity of 1.1 MW and constructed on Lower Bad Doab Canal in
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1925. In Punjab, six Low Head Projects with a total installed capacity of 247.6 MW are in operation. Salient features of these projects are presented in Table 1-1.
These Power Houses (except Chashma Low Head completed in 2001), originally planned on local and regional basis, are now part of the national grid system and play an important role through their contribution towards the immediate need of the power demand.
1.2.2 Proposed Low Head Hydropower Stations
A list of a few important Low Head Hydropower Projects and their present status in Punjab is presented in Table 1-2.
1.2.3 Inventory of Low Head Potential along Existing Barrages and Canal Falls; 1992
During the course of studies for low head potential at barrages and canal falls, it was felt to prepare a comprehensive inventory of all the available low head potential sites on the irrigation systems of the country. Consequently, a draft inventory report on the basis of data and information collected from the provincial Irrigation departments was prepared in June 1992. This inventory includes twenty one (21) barrages / headworks / dams and 586 potential sites on canals with an accumulative potential of about 649 MW. The results of the report were limited to site identification only and no detailed calculations were carried out.
1.3 HYDRO POWER POTENTIAL IN PUNJAB
Punjab is the land of five major rivers viz. Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej. Punjab Irrigation System is one of the largest irrigation systems in the world. It comprises fourteen (14) barrages, 21 main canal systems, with length of main and branch canals as 3993 miles, 528 miles of link canals of huge discharges and is the backbone of Pakistan Economy.
Potential Hydro Electric sites on these rivers and canal need to be exploited. Almost all the sites are low head — high discharge and require mass scale civil and mechanical works. The installed unit cost MW appears more than the cost of high head projects, but lesser construction period and quick augmentation to existing power supply favors their construction.
1.4 PROPOSED RASUL LOW HEAD HYDROPOWER PROJECT
1.4.1 Project Objective
Pakistan is facing severe power shortage crisis these days due to negligence and political problems to develop hydro power sector in the past. As construction of large dams and hydropower projects require long construction period, so it is planned to construct low head projects on potential sites. The main objective of Rasul Low Head Hydropower Project is to utilize the flows of Rivers Jhelum at Rasul Barrage to generate about 18 MW power and supply into national grid system immediately. The project, falling in the load centre area will be connected to the nearest grid station and thus will contribute to the national grid with minimum line losses and no substantial cost for transmission line.
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1.4.2 Jhelum River
The Jhelum River is one of the major rivers belonging to Indus Basin and contributes a considerable part of supply to the system. It originates from Cheshma Veri Nag located in Indian occupied Kashmir. In the upper reach, it has two major tributaries Ahan and Sandran start from same altitude 4198.50 m (13,775 ft) and join below Anantnag.
The combined river flows in a north-westerly direction across a wide alluvial plain through Srinagar until it enters the Wulhar Lake which is the largest fresh water lake in the Indo-Pak sub-continent. At its exit from Wulhar Lake, the river assumes south-westerly direction down to Baramula. The rivers Neelum or Kishanganga join River Jhelum at Muzaffarabad. Lower down, the Kunhar River which drains Kaghan valley meets Jhelum River near village Pattan. Kanshi Nullah joins it from right side near village Bathar at an altitude of 298.70 m. Another major tributary Punch River joins it upstream of Mangla Reservoir at an altitude of 291 m.
Mangla reservoir had an initial reservoir capacity of 5.88 Million Acre-feet (MAF), which reduced to 4.674 MAF in 2005 due to the sedimentation & was likely to reduce further. To counteract this phenomenon, the Mangla Dam Raising Project was started in 2004 and the main dam, spillway and its allied works were completed in 2009 at a cost of Rs. 101.384 billion. This project effectively raised the dam height by 30 feet to 482 feet (147 m), thereby raising the maximum water conservation level from 1202 feet to 1242 feet. This increased the dam's storage capacity by an additional 2.88 MAF from 4.51 MAF to 7.39 MAF.
Entering into the Jhelum district, it receives waters of the Suketar, Jabba Kas and other torrents of Pabbi Hills. Rasul Barrage is located about 70 km downstream of Mangla reservoir Km having total designed capacity of 24000 cumecs (850,000 cusecs). The slope on the U/S from Jhelum to Rasul (32 km) is 0.35 m per km and on the D/S is 0.24 m per km.
1.4.3 Rasul Barrage (Drawing RHP-003)
Rasul Barrage was constructed at the present location in 1968 as a replacement structure of the old barrage and is located about 5 Km (3 miles) downstream of old Rasul Weir which is now a redundant structure. The Barrage is 978 m (3209 ft) long and has been designed to pass a discharge of 24,000 cumecs (850,000 cusecs). It has total 66 bays including six under sluices bays, each of 60 ft. width. The main objective of this barrage is to divert the water of River Jhelum to River Chenab through Rasul-Qadirabad-Link Canal and also to feed Lower Jhelum Canal. Both the canals off-take from the left bank. A third canal known as Jalalpur Canal is proposed at Right Bank for which provision has been provided in the right abutment of the Barrage.
1.5 THE PROJECT DESCRIPTION
1.5.1 Background
Rasul Low Head Hydropower Project was addressed first time in early 80's when studies were carried out by WAPDA to make use of the head available at barrages and canal falls.
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RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Introduction
1.5.2 Project Location (Drawing RHP-001)
The Rasul Low Head Hydropower Project is proposed to be constructed on the right bank of river Jhelum at Rasul Barrage located in district Jhelum. The Rasul Barrage constructed on Jhelum River in the year 1968 (is about 70 kilometers downstream of Mangla Dam. The site is connected to N-5 through a metaled road at Jhelum and Gujrat along UJC (about 200 Km, from Lahore).
The coordinates of the project site are as follows
N: 32° 40' 54" E: 73° 31' 08"
1.6 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UPDATING OF FEASIBILITY STUDY
40 1.6.1 Consultancy Services Originally the Feasibility Study was conducted in pursuance of the Contract Agreement signed between M/s Habib Rafiq (Pvt.) Ltd. and a Consortium of consultants lead by M/s BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. The Consultancy Agreement was signed on April 04, 2008 and Feasibility Study was submitted during July 2009.
As, no further progress towards implementation of the project was done by the M/s Habib Rafiq (Pvt.) Ltd till 2015, the LOI issued to M/s Habib Rafiq (Pvt.) Ltd was cancelled by Punjab Power Development Board (PPDB) and issued the LOI for this Project to M/s S2 Hydro Limited 7 — B — V, Aziz Avenue, Gulberg V, Lahore in the same year.
As the Feasibility Study was conducted in year 2008, so it has been mandatory to revise the Feasibility Study to the level of year 2016. In this respect, the Consultancy Agreement "Revised Feasibility Study Report for 20MW Rasul Low Head Hydropower Project" is signed on March 25, 2016 between M/s S2 Hydro Limited 7 — B — V, Aziz Avenue, Gulberg V, Lahore and M/s BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd Sunny View Estate, Kashmir Road, Lahore. The Consultants are required to revise the Feasibility Study of the project. The services are performed as an independent consultant in accordance with recognized • international standards, applicable laws and regulations.
1.6.2 Scope of Consultancy Services of Revised Feasibility Study
A. Consultants Responsibilities
• To identify need and if needed, prepare the TOR for fresh Topographic Surveys. • The previous Feasibility data regarding geological and geotechnical investigations will be used as the starting point for updating the design, layout etc. • Updating of hydrological studies on the basis of updated hydrological data. • To elaborate, update and finalize project layout for headrace, powerhouse, tailrace and appurtenant structures, etc. • To review, update and optimize the project layout taking into account the resettlement and environmental aspects in the light of fresh data, if applicable. • To re-evaluate power potential and its optimization.
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• To review and update the design of all project civil components for the selected layout. • To review and update the Electro Mechanical design of the project. • To review and update the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE). • To update cost estimates of local and foreign components, materials and services, including construction cost along with unit prices for major quantities of work, material and services, on the basis of revised design. • To prepare and submit the Updated Feasibility Report. The draft report shall be reviewed by the Client and its advisors and will be submitted back to the Consultants for review and if deemed fit, for incorporation. • If required, the Consultants shall assist in presenting and defending the revised Feasibility Report before the Panel of Experts of the PPDB or at any such forum.
B. Client Responsibilities
• To conduct fresh Topographic survey of the project area. • Economic & Financial Analysis. • Power Market and Load Flow Studies of the project.
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TABLES
0 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Introduction
Table 1-1 SALIENT FEATURES OF EXISTING LOW HEAD HYDRO-POWER PROJECTS ON BARRAGES / CANALS IN PUNJAB PROVINCE
1 2 3 4 5 6 Project Name Renala Chichoki Nandipur Shadiwal Chashma Rasul Khurd Mallian RIVER Ravi Chenab Chenab Jhelum Indus Jhelum
BARRAGE/DAM Balloki Marala Marala Mangla Chashma Mangla Upper Upper Upper Lower Bad Upper Jhelum Chenab Chenab CANAL Doab Jhelum - Canal Canal Canal Canal Canal Power (upper) (lower) Channel
Location at RD Right Bank 160+686 220+200 44+000 417+805 6 + 500 X 1000 ft Barrage
4.0 to 24.4 to 6.70 7.0 Head (m) 0.3 to 3.0 7.62 11.60 m 25.91 Total Discharge 70.8 195.53 258.45 221.49 2000 102.0 (cumecs)
Number of Units 5 3 3 2 8 2
Year of 1925 1959 1963 1969 2001 1952 Commissioning Francis Bulb Type of Turbine Francis Kaplan Kaplan Kaplan Horizontal Turbine Capacity for 0.22 4.40 4.60 6.75 23 11 each Unit (MW) Total Capacity 1.10 13.20 13.80 13.50 184 22 MW 247.60 Total = MW
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Table 1-2 PROPOSED LOW HEAD HYDRO-POWER PROJECTS & PRESENT STATUS
1 2 4 5 Project Khanki Marala Taunsa Punjnad Rasul Name Barrage Barrage Barrage Barrage Barrage RIVER Chenab Chenab Indus Chenab Jhelum
BARRAGE Khanki Marala Taunsa Punjnad Rasul Updating Selection Feasibility of Feasibility Feasibility of EPC Study in Feasibility Present Study Study Contractor Progress Study in Status Completed in Completed in is in Since April, 2011 2009 Progress Progress 2008 from April, 2016 Location At 0+000 0+000 0+000 RD X 1000 ft 0+000 0+000 Design 2.0-4.0 2.3 — 5.3 Head (m) - 2.1 — 4.0 3.0-5.95 Total Discharge 600 580 580 500 360 (m3/s) Type of Kaplan Kaplan _ Kaplan Kaplan Turbine Pit Type Pit Type Pit Type Pit Type Total 14.09 Capacity MW 20 135 15 18
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FIGURES
0 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Introduction
Figure 1-1 EXISTING POWER GENERATION CAPACITY (MW) IN PAKISTAN
K-Electric, 2422, 9% Public Hydro, 7115, 26% Nuclear, 787, 3% Wind, 256, 1%
PPs Hydro, 84, 0% IPPs Thermal, 9085, 33% Public Thermal, 7663, 28%
0 CHAPTER
TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Topographic Survey
CHAPTER-2 TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY
2.1 GENERAL
Topographic survey is considered vital link in the process of obtaining quality engineering for planning and design of engineering projects. The objective of survey is to gather sufficient river-bed position and depth data along with surface topographic features to produce an accurate 3-D Digital Terrain Model. This is considered a basis for the design and other works.
The advancement in the field of survey and data acquisition such as GPS and Dual Frequency Echo Sounders connected with Onboard Acquisitioning system has made the field survey procedures possible within short duration of time. However, it is required to implement quality assurance/ quality control plan on the project for the improvement and check the procedures used in the field survey.
2.2 SURVEYING AGENCY
The survey work was previously carried out by M/s City Surveys and Engineering Services (Pvt.) Ltd, Lahore in April 2008. For updating the Feasibility studies of the Project, a fresh survey had been carried out by M/s Survey Consult (Pvt.) Ltd. Lahore during the month of May 2016. The fresh survey was very helpful for acquiring up-to-date levels position at site and also accuracy of previous survey had been doubly checked.
2.3 SCOPE OF WORK
The area proposed for fresh survey was worked out about 600 acres which covers 250 acres dry area (Jungle), 315 acres sub-aqueous area and 35 acres pond area. The scope of task includes the following:
• Topographic Survey was carried out in an area on the right side of the Rasul Barrage also covering some segment of it. • The survey work was connected to the nearest Survey of Pakistan (SoP) reference points. • The survey work was prepared on 1:500 scale. • The contours were generated at 0.5 m interval. • The survey results are provided on hard and soft copies of specified formats of the digital mapping.
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2.4 METHODOLOGY
The following methodology was adopted to carry out the Survey and mapping work of the project.
2.4.1 Data Collection and Reconnaissance
After obtaining necessary information regarding existing maps of the area, Control Points and Bench marks to be used as datum, a thorough reconnaissance of the area was made to get the first hand information about the area of project and assess the constraints in conducting the field operation.
The position of the reference Control Point by Survey of Pakistan was identified and corresponding MSL (mean sea level) value was obtained from the following Co-ordinate:
SBM situated in Rasul barrage colony near flood relief camp at Dilawar Village.
Northing: 949314m Lat : 32-41'-32.9221" Easting: 3264156m Long:73-33'-52.5561" Elevation: 219.717m RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Topographic Survey
2.4.2 Monumentation
Monuments measuring 0.15m X 0.15m X 0.1m top, 0.3m X 0.3m bottom on 0.6m X 0.6 m Base in ground and 0.3m high above the ground with mild steel rod approx. 900mm long and 20mm dia. were cast in situ at 5 Nos. Selected locations. Special attention was paid to install these monuments at conspicuous places for easy identification and less likely to be disturbed by locals.
Easting, Northing, Elevation and description of these control points along with photographs of the monuments are given in Volume — 2, Annexure-V.
2.4.3 Horizontal & Vertical Control
SOP coordinates were established within the area of interest using GPS Static Surveying Techniques along with Precise Leveling within an overall accuracy of 0.005m. Survey was carried out using latest DGPS, Thales Pro Mark3 system, 3 receivers were used for the survey. Dual Frequency data was collected simultaneously on known and unknown points for a period of 45 minutes to resolve the ambiguity to millimeter tolerance. The traverse was closed to check the precision of survey network. Spirit leveling was done to check/establish the elevation of points up to accuracy of 5 mm. After observations were completed, data was downloaded and processed.
Elevation values of Irrigation Department at the Barrage were used as reference datum. The horizontal control stations were also used as BM monuments. The coordinates of permanent I temporary bench marks are tabulated in Table 2-1.
2.4.4 Topographic and Bathymetric Survey
The Software GNSS processed and adjusted Co-ordinates and elevation of Control points used for topographic Surveys.
Topographic and Bathymetric Survey was carried out by means of the following Equipment's:
• Topcon GPT 7505 (Reflector less range 2km) • GPS-Differential ( Base + Rover) • ECO Sounder Digital ( PS-7) • Motor Boat
The Survey was tied to control points already established. A rough Sketch of the area under survey was Prepared. All the features are numbered and coded and observed/side shouted occupying a control station with reference to another one. Sufficient Spot Heights (SH) were observed to draw contours to accurately represent the land topography and provide height
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All measured field data has been used for calculation of XYZ Co-ordinates. The raw field data collected through Total station was directly down loaded to Laptops.
2.5 FIELD DATA PROCESSING (Drawing RHP-007)
The data was processed using our mapping Software to enable the CAD-operator to produce a DXF/DWG file compatible with Auto CAD version 2000 to create the maps with 0.5m contours using Eagle point software at scale 1: 500. The maps so produced were compared with the sketches/Satellite images and errors if any were rectified.
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TABLES
0 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Topographic Survey
Table 2-1 Horizontal & Vertical Control Points
COORDINATE SYSTEM: WGS84, UTM43N Point ID Easting Northing Elevation (m) (m) (m)
J2 3617391.86 360813.77 222.39
RB1 3617488.98 360894.79 223.10
RB2 3617300.40 360686.62 214.64
RB3 3618365.78 360315.09 224.94
RB4 3617540.16 359908.76 214.44
RB5 3617592.92 361020.79 223.32
IBM 3617724.58 361161.83 223.45
Z13 3617923.13 360601.65 223.44
COORDINATE SYSTEM: SOP Point ID Easting Northing Elevation (m) (m) (m)
J2 3259601.45 948332.39 222.39
RB1 3259675.92 948434.62 223.10
RB2 3259480.57 948232.80 214.64
RB3 3259039.95 949271.51 224.94
RB4 3258688.65 948421.01 214.44
RB5 3259794.83 948546.60 223.32
IBM 3259926.93 948687.23 223.45
Z13 3259354.93 948848.61 223.44
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HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES • RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Hydrological Studies
CHAPTER-3 HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES
3.1 INTRODUCTION
Hydrological studies play major role in planning, optimization of various components of project, design and execution of a hydropower project. This section deals with the hydrological and sedimentation studies of the proposed Rasul Low Head Hydropower Project. In this chapter estimate of the main hydrological inputs required for a hydropower project have been made. Availability of flows has been estimated and a theoretical flow duration curve has been developed to provide basis for the optimized design discharge of the project, sedimentation studies has also been done to estimate the total sediment inflows. Moreover, climate conditions of the project area will also be described in this section in detail.
3.2 CLIMATE
The climate of the project area is generally hot and dry in summer and cold in winter. Summer period is from April to September while winter is from October to February.
The climate data for the project area is available at Jhelum with long term data and the meteorological station is in operation by Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD).
3.2.1 Rainfall
Rainfall data of Jhelum meteorological station of Pakistan Meteorological Department has been used for the period of 1984-2013 in order to estimate monthly and annual rainfall of the area. Mean monthly rainfall varies from 11 mm in November to 244 mm in July.
From November to May, during the winter period the rainfall is mainly brought by the western disturbances. The rainfall during this part of the year is approximately 243 mm. During summer period, i.e., from June to October, the rainfall in the area is induced by the monsoon rainfall and averages to about 625 mm.
Mean monthly rainfall at Jhelum (1984-2013) is shown in the Figure 3.1.
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RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Hydrological Studies
Figure 3.1 Mean Monthly Rainfall at Jhelum 300
250
200 E 5. 150 co tx 100
50 0 X11..1I .. Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep .Oct Nov Dec Months
Mean Annual rainfall varies from 530 mm in 2002 to 1335 mm in 1997. The average of mean annual rainfall is 868 mm for the period of 1984-2013. The mean annual rainfall is presented in Figure 3.2.
Figure 3.2 Annual Rainfall at Jhelum
3.2.2 Temperature
Temperature data for the district Jhelum has been taken from district government Jhelum official website. The mean monthly minimum temperature at Jhelum varies from 5°C in
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January to 26°C in June & July. Mean monthly minimum temperature at Jhelum remains above 20°C from May to September. The mean monthly minimum temperature is graphically shown in Figure 3.3 hereunder.
Figure 3.3 Mean Monthly Minimum Temperatures at Jhelum
26 26 25 2 3 22
18 17
12 10 8 6 5
Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Months
The mean monthly maximum temperature at Jhelum station varies from 20°C in January to 40°C in June. Mean monthly maximum temperature remains above 30°C from April to October. The mean monthly maximum temperatures are shown in Figure 3.4.
Figure 3.4 Mean Monthly Maximum Temperatures at Jhelum 45 cY 40 cu 40 l-... 34 35 475cu 35 S. 30 111M111111 E 1 2 25 11111111. 11111111M111111 E 20 3 20 1111INIIMIN E "R ea 15 IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII cu 10 bo IIIIIMIIIIIII ro t 5 11111111111111111N111 a 0 11111111•111.1111• Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Months
January is the coldest month at the project area and observed the minimum temperatures in
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this month while the highest temperatures are experienced in the month of June.
3.3 HYDROLOGICAL DATA COLLECTION
Long term hydrological data of Jhelum River is available at Rasul Barrage. Daily data of downstream flow, upstream and downstream water levels at Rasul Barrage were collected from the office of Indus Water Treaty (IVVT), Irrigation Secretariat, Lahore. Data was collected for the period of 1991 to 2015 and used for detailed hydrological analysis. Daily flow, upstream & downstream water levels data has been given in Volume 2, Annexure I & II. As sediment data is not available at Barrage, fresh sediment samples for high flow periods were collected from pond during the previous feasibility study in 2008.
3.4 AVAILABILITY OF FLOWS
Availability of flows at Rasul Barrage will be determined for the project. Following two scenarios will be discussed regarding water availability;
1. Post Accord Period (1991 — 2015) 2. Post Mangla Dam Raising (2010 — 2015)
Jalalpur Canal Project is also in process of approval and design of the canal is in progress. The canal will draw 38.77 cumecs discharge during Kharif season (April — September) after its construction. Therefore, flow analysis has been carried out after deducting 38.77 cumecs of Jalalpur Canal (April — September) from the available flows downstream of Rasul Barrage.
3.4.1 Post Accord Period (Scenario — I)
Water Availability
Long term data for the period of 1991 — 2015 has been used for this scenario. Daily data was converted into 10 daily data to estimate the water availability on 10 daily basis. From the data it is evident that from the 3rd 10 daily of April till 2nd 10 daily of September flows remains above 400 cumecs. From the data, it was observed that except two 10 dailies of October more than 100 cumecs flow is available throughout the year. 10 daily available water is given in Table 3.1 and shown graphically in Figure 3.5.
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 3-4 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Hydrological Studies Table 3.1 Average 10 Daily Flows D/S Rasul Barrage Month 10-Daily 1991-15 I 215 Jan II 198 III 120 I 141 Feb II 257 III 338 I 322 Mar II 331 III 314 I 221 Apr II 315 III 450 I 552 May II 665 III 651 I 543 Jun II 515 III 518 I 509 Jul II 571 III 678 I 652 Aug II 457 Ill 432 I 467 Sep ll 472 III 201 I 153 Oct II 89 III 58 I 97 Nov II 157 III 141 I 187 Dec ll 146 III 189
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Figure 3.5 Average 10 Daily Flows D/S Rasul Barrage 800
700
ea I? 600 Ia f2 500 E 400 C 8 300
ri 200
100 0 • 0 I I I Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Months
Flow Duration Curve
In order to ascertain flow availability throughout the year, flow duration curve is drawn on 10- daily downstream flow record for the period of 1991-2015. At 25%, 30% and 35% of time flow availability is 475, 396, and 315 cumecs respectively. Respective flows at different percentage of time are summarized in Table 3.2 and shown in Figure 3.6.
Table 3.2 Availability of Flows against Different Percentages of Time Time (%) Flow (cumecs) Time (%) Flow (cumecs) 1 2430 55 119 5 1413 60 97 10 877 65 64 15 656 70 34 20 547 75 8 25 475 80 0 30 396 85 0 35 315 90 0 40 268 95 0 45 210 100 0 50 161
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Figure 3.6 Flow Duration Curve 5,000 4,500 4,000 -0 3,500 r) 3,000 E (.3 2,500 o 2,000 u. 1,500 1,000 500 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Time (%)
Head across the Barrage
Daily fluctuations in upstream and downstream of Barrage has been processed for a period of 1992 - 2015. Daily data was converted into 10 daily to estimate the water level fluctuations on 10 daily basis. It was observed from the data that most of the time more than 6 m head is available at site. Average head across the barrage on 10 daily basis is given in Table 3.3 and shown graphically in Figure 3.7.
Table 3.3 Average 10 Daily Water Levels and Gross Head Average 10-Daily Levels (m) Month 10-Daily Gross Head U/S D/S
1 214.23 212.28 1.94 Jan II 216.33 212.16 4.17 III 218.41 211.71 6.70 I 218.92 211.70 7.22 Feb II 219.01 212.07 6.94 HI 219.12 212.35 6.77
I 219.07 212.41 6.66 Mar II 219.05 212.44 6.61 III 218.95 212.41 6.53 I 219.02 212.25 6.77 Apr II 219.04 212.45 6.59 HI 219.11 212.93 6.18
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Average 10-Daily Levels (m) Month 10-Daily Gross Head U/S D/S I 219.10 213.11 5.98 May II 219.10 213.30 5.80 Ill 219.12 213.17 5.95 I 219.11 212.82 6.28 Jun II 219.01 212.62 6.38 111 219.04 212.50 6.53 I 219.03 212.61 6.42 Jul II 218.92 212.51 6.42 III 218.86 212.56 6.31 I 218.86 212.66 6.20 Aug II 218.89 212.39 6.51 III 218.87 212.28 6.60 I 218.96 212.28 6.68 Sep II 218.97 212.36 6.61 111 218.97 212.06 6.91 I 219.01 211.82 7.19 Oct II 218.91 211.58 7.33 III 218.91 211.44 7.46 I 219.08 211.62 7.47 Nov II 219.19 211.81 7.39 III 219.20 211.69 7.50 I 219.14 211.93 7.21 Dec II 219.11 211.78 7.32 III 216.85 212.06 4.79
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Figure 3.7 10 Daily Average Gross Head
i ....i I ...
) s ot a b 0
ter urn Me ' d ( ullinillimillinillimilini Hea
, AV Gross e rag 3 0. a b o 111111111111111111111111111111111111 Ave ly i Da , . e , b 0 1 iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii 10
N a 0 iiiiiimillininiu 1J.L1Vs 7 7 . iiiiiiminiiiiii Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Months
3.4.2 Post Mangla Dam Raising (Scenario-II)
Water Availability
Post Mangla Dam Raising data for the period of 2010 — 2015 has been used for this scenario. Daily data was converted into 10 daily data to estimate the water availability on 10 daily basis. From the data it was observed that the flow pattern of Jhelum River at Rasul Barrage has entirely changed after Mangla Dam Raising. Flows at Rasul Barrage has significantly increased specially in low flow season. 10 daily available water is given in Table 3.4 and shown graphically in Figure 3.8.
Table 3.4 Average 10 Dai v Flows D/S Rasul Barrage
Month 10-Daily 2010 - 2015
I 132 Jan II 123 III 165 I 292 Feb II 359 III 439 I 416 Mar II 388 III 300
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Month 10-Daily 2010 - 2015
I 231 Apr ll 340 III 485 I 617 May ll 667 III 633 I 497 Jun II 418 III 398 I 316 Jul II 234 III 488 I 757 Aug II 462 III 293 I 630 Sep ll 605 III 383 I 372 Oct II 312 III 202 I 248 Nov ll 397 III 395 I 366 Dec II 301 III 243
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Figure 3 8 Average 10 Daily Flows D/S Rasul Barrage 800
1 700 (.1 (V 1_1° 600 tto . 5 500 i 1.. 400
8 300 .r ri 200 a .,1•• •F, 100 o ..4 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Months
Flow Duration Curve
In order to ascertain flow availability throughout the year, flow duration curve is drawn on 10- daily downstream flow record for the period of 2010 - 2015. At 25, 30 and 35% of time flow availability is 512, 471 and 417 cumecs respectively. Respective flows at different percentage of time are summarized in Table 3.5 and shown in Figure 3.9.
Table 3.5 Availability of Flows against Different Percentages of Time Time (%) Flow (cumecs) Time (%) Flow (cumecs)
1 2724 55 267
5 1026 60 220
10 722 65 200
15 623 70 176
20 562 75 136
25 512 80 114
30 471 85 97
35 417 90 53
40 381 95 0
45 342 100 0
50 302
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Figure 3.9 Flow Duration Curve 3,500 II
3,000
2,500 iri E 2,000 c..) i 1,500 0 u. 1,000
500
0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Time (%)
Head Across the Barrage
Daily fluctuations in upstream and downstream of Barrage has been processed for a period of 2010 - 2015. Daily data was converted into 10 daily to estimate the water level fluctuations on 10 daily basis. It was observed from the data that most of the time more than 6 m head is available at site. Average head available across the barrage on 10 daily basis is given in Table 3.6 and shown graphically in Figure 3.10.
Table 3.6 Average 10 Daily Water Levels and Gross Head Average 10-Daily Levels (m) Month 10-Daily Gross Head U/S D/S I 213.70 212.45 1.25 Jan II 216.60 212.21 4.38 III 219.17 211.99 7.18 I 219.27 212.36 6.91 Feb II 219.21 212.59 6.63 III 219.18 212.86 6.32 I 219.15 212.82 6.33 Mar II 219.15 212.82 6.33 III 219.15 212.65 6.51 I 219.14 212.48 6.67 Apr II 219.11 212.80 6.31 III 219.14 213.21 5.93 I 219.15 213.49 5.66 May II 219.15 213.54 5.62 III 219.16 213.48 5.68
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Average 10-Daily Levels (m) Month 10-Daily Gross Head U/S D/S I 219.15 213.26 5.89 Jun II 219.15 213.01 6.14 III 219.15 212.97 6.18 I 219.15 212.77 6.39 Jul II 219.17 212.31 6.85 III 219.12 212.30 6.82 I 219.05 212.98 6.07 Aug II 219.10 212.51 6.59 III 219.09 212.28 6.82 I 219.10 212.60 6.50 Sep II 219.10 212.75 6.34 III 219.15 212.78 6.37 I 219.22 212.81 6.41 Oct II 219.19 212.72 6.48 III 219.19 212.36 6.83 I 219.22 212.59 6.63 Nov II 219.21 212.89 6.33 III 219.17 212.75 6.43 I 219.18 212.76 6.42 Dec II 219.14 212.66 6.49 III 216.66 212.58 4.08
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Figure 3.10 10 Daily Average Gross Head
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. 1- 0 1111111111111111111111111111111111111 o 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Months
3.4.3 Recommendation
Detailed water availability analysis has been presented in the previous sections by taking two scenarios i.e. historic record and post Mangla Dam Raising flow data. After Mangla Dam Raising about 2.9 MAF water has been added to the existing system which entirely changes the flows at Rasul Barrage. Although the data period is short (06 years) after raising Mangla Dam but the benefits of raising the dam have been added to the system, therefore, present flow pattern cannot be ignored. Moreover, historic flows (1991-2015) does not take in to account the benefits of Mangla Dam Raising at Rasul Barrage due to historic average. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that the design of the project and power optimization studies may be processed on the available flows under Scenario-II (Post Mangla Dam Raising).
3.5 SEDIMENT STUDIES
Sediment gradation against various flows is necessary for evaluation of sediment flow pattern in pond area and possible adverse effects on power channel. As sediment data is not available at Barrage, fresh sediment samples for high flow periods were collected from pond area during feasibility study of 2008. These samples were analyzed in UET, Geotechnical Laboratory for sediment concentration and gradation test. Sediment sample test results are appended as Annexure-Ill, Volume - 2. Summary of results are given in Table 3.7. Fraction of sand and silt/clay is 39-57% and 43-100% respectively. For detailed analysis of sediment distribution within head pond area with and without power channel, physical sediment modeling of Barrage is recommended during the detailed design stage.
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Table 3.7 Suspended Sediment Gradation Analysis Sediment Discharge Sediment Gradation (%) Con. Date Silt & Cusecs Cumecs PPM Gravel Sand clay
08-07-2008 12460 353 338 0 39 61
10-07-2008 12440 352 535 0 49 51
12-07-2008 8360 237 100 0 57 43
21-07-2008 12460 353 56 0 0 100
3.5.1 Sediment Analysis Using Lower Jhelum Canal (LJC) Data
Sediment data of Lower Jhelum Canal (LJC) was available in the office of Executive Engineer, Rasul Barrage. Latest available data for the period of 2014-2016 was collected and processed for the evaluation of suspended sediments. Analysis of data, for average suspended sediment concentration of 302.05 PPM, illustrates 6.2 percent coarse sand, 7.4 percent medium sand and 86.4 percent fine silt, as given in Table 3.8. Sediment data of LJC is given in Annexure-Ill, Volume — 2.
Table 3.8 Suspended Sediment Analysis of LJC Coarse Sand Medium Sand Fine Silt Total Canal Average PPM LJC 18.74 22.33 260.98 302.05
3.6 BARRAGE OPERATION
3.6.1 Present Pond Operation
The barrage is in operation at maximum pond level 219.15 m (719 ft). The six bays of the under sluice on the left bank, takes care of the siltation in front of the two head regulators of the LJC and RQ link. The under sluice on the left side of the barrage is regulated in the high / low flows in such a way that the sediments are not allowed to enter in to the head regulators of two number off taking channels so that it may not hamper or cause damage to the irrigation system.
3.6.2 Proposed Pond Operation
The barrage operation, besides meeting the demand of canal water supplies in the two canals on the left bank, will also take care of the demand of water to run the power house. The barrage pond level in the proposed operation will be kept the same i.e. at 219.15 m
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(719 ft) as already maintained to meet the demands of canal supplies in summer and winter seasons. The operation of the gates of under sluices on the left and right sides as well as standard bays of the barrage will be regulated during the flood and low flow seasons in such a way that the sediments and the bed load clearance upstream of the barrage may not create any problem with the passage of time. Due to sudden load rejection of the power house, the governing system of the Turbines/Generators will be connected to the radial gates of right pockets though special arrangements of gates atomization, so that during such emergencies supplies of the power canals could be by-passed downstream to Barrage. The existing operation manual of the Barrage will accordingly be amended in consultation of Irrigation Department before completion of the project.
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POWER POTENTIAL AND OPTIMIZATION STUDIES • RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Power Potential & Optimization Studies
CHAPTER-4 POWER POTENTIAL AND OPTIMIZATION STUDIES
4.1 POWER AND ENERGY POTENTIAL
Power and energy potential at the site have been estimated on 10-day basis using post Mangla Dam Raising (2010) flow series. The historic pond levels of Rasul barrage and tail water levels on the downstream side of the barrage was used to compute the head across available for power generation.
The power estimates have been computed by using the following formula:
yxnxgxHxQ P= 1000 where, • P = 10-Day power output, MW Y = Density of water, 1000 kg /m3 g = Gravity acceleration, 9.81 m/s2 n = Overall efficiency of the hydroelectric plant, % Q = Average 10-Day discharge, cumecs H = Average 10-Day head, m
Table 4.1 shows the efficiency coefficient of various components of the power plant. The average overall efficiency of 85.61% has been adopted for estimation of power during the optimization study.
Table 4.1 Efficiency Coefficients of Various Power Plant Com onents Component Efficiency Turbine & Speed Increaser 91% Generator 96% Transformer 98% Overall 85.61%
The 10-day energy has been calculated as follows:
E =Pxhxd 1000 where,
E = 10-day energy output (GWh) P = 10-day power out put (MW) h = Hours in a day d = Number of days in each time step
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4.2 OPTIMIZATION STUDIES
Power and energy optimization studies have been carried out to size the plant. Upstream water levels and tail water rating along with the 10-daily flow data for the period 2010 to 2015 (6 years) have been used for calculating the power, energy and plant factor. Incremental 50 cumecs design discharge has been used to determine the incremental power and energy. The results are summarized in Table 4.2.
Table 4.2 Summary of Energy and Power Potential Discharge 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 (Cumecs) Energy 18 33.9 49.1 62.4 74.1 84.4 93.2 100.8 107.0 112.4 (GWh) Power 2.90 5.50 8.06 10.58 13.02 15.3 17.6 19.82 21.92 23.94 (MW) Plant 70.9 70.3 69.6 67.3 65.0 62.6 60.3 58.1 55.7 53.6 Factor (%)
The variation of the power, energy, inverse of incremental energy and the rated head with discharge are shown in Figure 4.1.
Figure 4.1 Power, Average Annual Energy and Rated Head Variations with Discharge
135.0 28.00
126.0 26.00
117.0 24.00
108.0 22.00
99.0 20.00
90.0 18.00
81.0 16.00 14.00 2 GWN 72.0 ( 63.0 12.00 o.
Energy 54.0 10.00
45.0 8.00
36.0 6.00
27.0 4.00
18.0 2.00
9.0 0.00
0.0 -2.00 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Design Discharge (cumecs) -a-Energy (GWh) -4-Power(MW) -74-1/Incr Energy -x-Rated Head (m) RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Power Potential & Optimization Studies
Incremental values of power and energy as well as inverse of incremental energy, for the range of discharges in increments of 50 cumecs, have been determined in order to optimize the power and energy. These are shown in Table 4.3.
Table 4.3 Average Incremental Enersav and Power Discharge 50- 100- 150- 200- 250- 300- 350- 400- 450- Range 0-50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 (cumecs) Incremental Energy 18.00 15.87 15.25 13.30 11.68 10.25 8.82 7.63 6.24 5.35 (GWh) 1 / Incr. Energy 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.13 0.16 0.19 (GVV111) Incremental Power 2.90 2.60 2.56 2.52 2.44 2.35 2.27 2.18 2.10 2.02 (MW)
Reviewing Figure 4.1, Table 4.2 and considering the plant factor as well as plant size, 350 cumecs (12,350 cusecs) has been optimal design discharge which was rounded to 360 cumecs (12,700 cusecs) which was available for about 42% of time. The corresponding values of installed capacity, annual energy and plant factor are 18.0 MW, 94.80 GWh and 60.12% respectively, as determined without considering turbine operational limits.
4.3 OPTIMIZATION OF NUMBER OF UNITS
Considering the adopted design discharge of 360 cumecs, options of three and four horizontal shaft double regulated pit turbines have been considered for this study.
Comparison of main parameters of powerhouse for both the options is shown in Table 4.4. Increase in the number of units shall increases the project cost, due to the increase in the number of electro-mechanical equipment and the size of the powerhouse. The advantages are that the turbine runner diameter decreases from 4.434 m to 3.989 m and the excavation depth for the power house decreases with the increase of units from three to four. Increasing number of units from three to four would also increase the operation and maintenance cost. In view of the foregoing, three turbine units are considered suitable for the powerhouse.
The design discharge for each of the three turbines is 120 cumecs which has a probability of exceedance of about 78%.
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Table 4.4 Optimization of Number of Units No. of units 3 4
Design Discharge, m3/s 360 360
Rated Head, m 5.95 5.95
Discharge per turbine, m3/s 120 90
Turbine Discharge limits, m3/s 30 - 120 27 - 90
Head limits, m 3.0 — 7.8 3.0 — 7.8
Turbine Output, MW 6.00. 4.50
Runner Diameter, m 4.434 3.989
Total Installed Capacity, MW 18.0 18.0
Average annual energy, GWh 94.85 94.80
Plant Factor, % 60.15 60.12
4.4 SELECTION OF TURBINE TYPE
The available head across the fall and discharge variations are the primary factors leading to selection of type of turbines. Figure 4.2 shows the industry standard chart normally used for selection of type of turbines based on the head and the discharge.
The rated head and the rated discharge as determined by power optimization study when plotted on Figure 4.2 indicates that Kaplan horizontal pit type axial turbine is the most suitable choice.
The pit type horizontal unit rather than the bulb type horizontal unit has been selected for the following reasons.
1) As compared to the closed bulb unit a pit installation has an open-topped bulb, permitting easy access to the generator for repairs and maintenance. The runner can be removed for maintenance without removing the generator in pit turbine unit.
2) As the head and discharge range at the site are on the lower side, speed of the turbine becomes considerably low. To keep the generator size within reasonable limits, a speed increaser for the generator is required. This is only possible if a pit turbine unit is selected.
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Figure 4.2 Selection of Turbine Based on Discharge and Head
1
• 100 Francis
Vertical Kaplan
10 Kaplan Horizontal Pit & Bulb 5.95 5
1 120 5 10 50 100 1000 Flow rate, ma's
4.5 POWER AND ENERGY CALCULATION
The power and energy have been calculated for the rated discharge on the basis of 10-daily flow data for the period 2010 to 2015.
The installed capacity of the plant has been selected as 18.00 MW with average mean annual energy of 94.80 GWh. The plant factor has been calculated as 60.12%. The average monthly energy and power is shown in Figure 4.3. RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Power Potential & Optimization Studies
Figure 4.3 Average Monthly Power and Energy
Rasul Hydropower Project Monthly Power & Energy
18 18 NMI Power 16 16 — Energy 14 14
— 12 12 z
10 10 07 iu 8 8 0 .1111. nom 6 mi Irwin 6
4 II II II 1I4 II I 4
2 MIA IIII IIII II II II I IIII II II II I 2
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
About 8% of the time the power plant is running at its installed capacity. The power and energy duration curves are shown in Figure 4.4.
Figure 4.4 Power and Energy Duration Curves
Rasul Hydropower Project 10-Dai y Power & Energy Duration Curves 20.0 5.0
18.0 4.5 Powe Duratio n Curve 16.0 4.0 z
14.0 3.5 2 12.0 3.0 w ;10.0 2.5 g 0 o. 8.0 2.0 15 re 6.0 1.5 'a 0 .4; 4.0 -POWER Duration Curve 1.0d 2.0 ---- ENERGY Duration Curve 0.5 0.0 0.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 lime (%)
The Rasul Power Plant has three operating units. These units operate 82%, 75% and 58% of the time in a year respectively. The power duration curves for the three units are shown in Figure 4.5.
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Figure 4.5 Single Unit Power Duration Curves
Rasul Hydropower Project Single Unit Power Duration Curve 7.0
6.0
g- 5.0
o 4.0
3.0 ea • 2.0 TURBINE - 171 1 11 1.0 - TURBINE - 2 '''0.0 20 30 40 50 lime (%)
The maximum power and average energy generated in 10-daily for the time series (2010- 2015), are summarized in Table 4.5 and Table 4.6 gives the calculations for the (6) years period.
Table 4.5 Summary of Maximum Power and Energy Generation
No. of Maximum Power Average Energy Month 10-Day Days (MW) (GWh)
I 10 0.00 0.00
Jan II 10 0.00 0.00
III 11 16.36 1.86
I 10 17.75 2.60
Feb II 10 18.00 3.21
III 8 18.00 2.77
I 10 16.45 3.30
Mar II 10 18.00 3.35
III 11 17.61 3.94
I 10 17.50 2.44
Apr II 10 18.00 3.06
III 10 17.28 3.95
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No. of Maximum Power Average Energy Month 10-Day Days (MW) (GWh)
I 10 18.00 3.82 May II 10 18.00 3.79 III 11 16.10 4.05
I 10 17.14 3.68 Jun II 10 16.56 2.86 III 10 16.23 2.81 I 10 17.27 2.43 Jul II 10 13.95 1.35 III 11 18.00 1.78 I 10 13.46 1.52
Aug II 10 15.19 1.57 III 11 11.89 1.34 I 10 16.09 2.15 Sep II 10 18.00 2.46
III 10 17.89 3.19 I 10 18.00 3.44 Oct. II 10 16.68 2.92 III 11 17.27 2.59 I 10 17.39 2.87 Nov. II 10 17.42 3.56 III 10 18.00 3.19 I 10 18.00 3.61 Dec II 10 17.59 3.32 III 11 0.00 0.00 Average Annual Energy (GWh) 94.80 Plant Factor (%) 61.12
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BARQAAB Consu lting Serv ices ( Pvt.) Ltd. RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Power Potential & Optimization Studies
213.49 212.29 1.19 0.37 JAN 217.88 212.19 5.70 0.37 176 1762 219.42 21222 7.20 0.37 6.83 120.0 56.2 6.0 3.2 9 2.436 313 312.7 219.42 212.64 6.78 0.37 6.41 120.0 120.0 72.7 6.0 6.0 3.9 16 3.819 FEB 508 360.0 219.22 212.86 6.36 0.37 5.99 120.0 120.0 120.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 18 4.320 537 360.0 219.23 213.12 6.10 0.37 5.73 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.8 5.8 5.8 17 3.328 274 274.0 219.15 212.60 6.55 0.37 6.18 120.0 120.0 34.0 6.0 6.0 1.8 14 3.304 MAR 181 180.7 219.15 212.43 6.72 0.37 6.35 120.0 60.7 6.0 3.2 9 2.217 242 242.0 219.15 212.46 6.69 0.37 6.32 120.0 120.0 2.0 6.0 6.0 0.1 12 3.195 368 360.0 219.15 213.00 6.16 0.37 5.79 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.8 5.8 5.8 17 4.199 APR 464 360.0 219.15 213.35 5.81 0.37 5.44 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 16 3.945 475 360.0 219.15 213.40 5.75 0.37 5.38 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.4 5.4 5.4 16 3.903 530 360.0 219.15 213.52 5.63 0.37 5.26 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.3 5.3 5.3 16 3.819 MAY 597 360.0 219.15 213.65 5.50 0.37 5.13 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.2 5. 2 52 16 3.726 677 360.0 219.18 213.70 5.48 0.37 5.11 120.0 120.0 120.0 52 5.2 5.2 15 4.079 605 360.0 219.15 213.61 5.55 0.37 5.18 120.0 120.0 120.0 52 5.2 5.2 16 3.757 JUN 685 360.0 219.15 213.70 5.46 0.37 5.09 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.1 5.1 5.1 15 3.693 563 360.0 219.15 213.58 5.57 0.37 5.20 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.2 5.2 5.2 16 3.772 E 409 380.0 219.18 213.10 6.08 0.37 5.71 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.8 5.8 5.8 17 4.144 AL 41 41.5 219.29 211.74 7.55 0.37 7.18 41.5 2.5 3 0.600 0 219.15 211.23 7.92 0.37 7.55 28 219.15 211.47 7.67 0.37 7.30 J AUG 0 219.15 211.23 7.93 0.37 7.56 0 219.17 211.34 7.83 0.37 7.46 -1 0 219.15 211.23 7.92 0.37 7.55 SEP 0 219.22 21123 7.99 0.37 7.62 107 106.8 219.30 211.91 7.39 0.37 7.02 106.8 6.0 6 1.440 210 209.8 219.44 212.41 7.03 0.37 6.68 120.0 89.8 6.0 5.0 11 2.648 OCT 142 141.8 219.30 212.24 7.06 0.37 6.69 120.0 21.8 6.0 1.2 7 1.734 168 167.6 219.37 212.09 7.28 0.37 6.91 120.0 47.6 6.0 2.8 9 2.314 161 161.2 219.33 212.14 7.19 0.37 8.82 120.0 412 6.0 2.4 8 2.006 NOV 342 342.2 219.32 212.63 6.69 0.37 6.32 120.0 120.0 102.2 6.0 6.0 5.4 17 4.181 176 176.0 219.29 21238 6.91 0.37 6.54 120.0 56.0 6.0 3.1 9 2 177 304 3042 219.30 212.60 6.71 0.37 6.34 120.0 120.0 642 6.0 6.0 3.4 15 3.700 DEC 200 199.7 219.15 212.39 6.76 0.37 6.39 1 120.0 79.7 6.0 4.3 10 2.466 216.62 21227 4.35 0.37 213.87 212.38 149 0.37 JAN 217.71 212.26 5.45 037 130 130.3 219.15 212.04 7.12 0.37 6.75 120.0 10.3 6.0 0.6 7 1.739 221 221.4 219.15 212.42 6.74 0.37 6.37 120.0 101.4 6.0 5.4 11 2.741 FEB 329 329.3 219 15 212.61 6.55 0.37 6.18 120.0 120.0 893 6.0 6.0 4.6 17 3.992 419 360.0 219.15 212.95 620 0.37 5.83 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.9 5.9 5.9 18 3.386 243 242.9 219.15 212.23 6.92 0.37 6.55 120.0 120.0 2.9 6.0 6.0 02 12 2.918 MAR 385 360.0 219.15 212.69 6.46 0.37 6.09 120.0 120.0 120.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 18 4.320 310 309.9 219.15 212.59 6.56 0.37 6.19 120.0 120.0 69.9 6.0 6.0 3.6 16 4.128 127 126.8 219.15 21225 6.90 0.37 6.53 120.0 6.8 6.0 0.4 6 1.530 APR 187 186.6 219.15 212.41 6.75 037 6.38 120.0 66.6 6.0 3.6 10 2.296 342 342.3 219.15 212.67 6.48 0.37 6.11 120.0 120.0 102.3 8.0 6.0 5.2 17 4.139 375 360.0 219.15 212.71 6.45 0.37 6.08 120.0 120.0 120.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 18 4.320 MAY 409 360.0 219.15 212.74 6.41 0.37 6.04 120.0 120.0 120.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 18 4.320 297 297.1 219.15 212.44 6.72 0.37 6.35 120.0 120.0 57.1 6.0 6.0 3.0 15 ° 3.972 219 2192 219.15 212.32 6.83 037 6.46 120.0 99.2 6.0 5.4 11 2.733 JUN 0 219.16 211.35 7.81 0.37 7.44 70 70.4 219.15 211.87 7.28 0.37 6.91 70.4 4.1 4 0.961 i 33 219.15 211.62 7.54 037 7.17 .9k 108 108.3 219.15 21224 6.91 0.37 6.54 108.3 6.0 6 1.428 126 125.5 219.15 21227 6.88 0.37 6.51 120.0 5.5 6.0 0.3 6 ' 1.664 127 127.5 219.15 212.48 6.67 0.37 6.30 120.0 7.5 6.0 0.4 6 1.535 AUG 302 301.6 219.15 212.62 6.53 937 6.16 120.0 120.0 61.6 6.0 6.0 3.2 15 3.645 9 219.15 211.57 7.58 037 721 151 151.3 219.15 211.83 7.32 0.37 6.95 120.0 31.3 6.0 1.8 8 1.878 SEP 390 360.0 219.15 212.10 7.05 0.37 6.68 120.0 120.0 120.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 18 4.320 508 360.0 219.15 212.86 6.29 0.37 5.92 120.0 120.0 120.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 18 4294 547 360.0 219.15 212.82 6.33 037 5.96 120.0 120.0 120.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 18 4.320 OCT 270 270.1 219.15 212.57 6.59 0.37 6.22 120.0 120.0 30.1 6.0 6.0 1.6 14 3257 96 96.5 219.20 211.92 7.28 0.37 6.91 96.5 5.6 6 ' 1.477 121 120.9 219.15 212.11 7.04 0.37 6.67 120.0 0.9 6.0 0.0 6 1.452 NOV 244 244.4 219.16 212.54 6.62 0.37 6.25 120.0 120.0 4.4 6.0 6.0 02 12 2.936 481 360.0 219.15 212.77 6.38 0.37 6.01 120.0 120.0 120.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 18 4.320 458 360.0 219.15 212.76 6.39 0.37 6.02 120.0 120.0 120.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 18 4.320 DEC 348 347.9 219.15 212.62 6.53 0.37 6.16 120.0 120.0 107.9 6.0 6.0 5.6 18 4.221 216.66 212.42 425 0.37
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 4-10 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Power Potential & Optimization Studies
213.53 212.57 0.95 0.37 JAN 217.84 212.12 5.72 0.37 193 193.4 219.16 212.00 7.16 0.37 6.79 120.0 73.4 6.0 42 10 2.689 613 360.0 219.15 212.92 6.24 0.37 5.87 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.9 5.9 5.9 18 4.259 FEB 470 360.0 219.15 212.75 6.40 0.37 6.03 120.0 120.0 120.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 18 4.320 572 360.0 219.15 212.83 6.32 0.37 5.95 120.0 120.0 120.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 18 3.456 326 325.8 219.15 212.60 6.55 0.37 6.18 120.0 120.0 85.8 6.0 6.0 4.5 16 3.949 MAR 451 360.0 219.15 212.79 6.36 0.37 5.99 120.0 120.0 120.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 18 4.320 316 315.8 219.15 212.40 6.75 0.37 6.38 120.0 120.0 75.8 6.0 6.0 4.1 16 4.241 211 211.1 219.15 212.10 7.04 0.37 6.67 120.0 91.1 6.0 5.1 11 2.665 APR 387 360.0 219.15 212.70 6.45 0.37 6.08 120.0 120.0 120.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 18 4.320 497 360.0 219.15 213.07 6.08 0.37 5.71 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.8 5.8 5.8 17 4.146 641 360.0 219.15 213.60 5.55 0.37 5.18 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.2 52 52 16 3.757 MAY 357 356.9 219.15 213.10 6.05 0.37 5.68 120.0 120.0 116.9 5.7 5.7 5.6 17 4.084 760 360.0 219.15 213.73 5.42 0.37 5.05 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.1 5.1 5.1 15 4.029 718 360.0 219.15 213.65 5.50 0.37 5.13 120.0 120.0 120.0 52 52 52 16 3.726 .A14 512 360.0 219.15 213.38 5.77 0.37 5.40 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.4 5.4 5.4 16 3.921 275 274.5 219.15 212.73 6.43 0.37 6.06 120.0 120.0 34.5 6.0 6.0 1.8 14 3.302 P.1 290 290.0 219.15 212.88 6.27 0.37 5.90 120.0 120.0 50.0 5.9 5.9 2.5 14 3.451 JUL 130 129.8 219.14 212.23 6.91 0.37 6.54 120.0 9.8 6.0 0.5 7 1.569 0 219.22 211.23 7.99 0.37 7.62 101 100.7 219.15 21227 6.88 0.37 6.51 100.7 5.5 6 1.321 Al* 22 219.15 211.79 7.36 0.37 6.99 203 203.1 219.15 212.59 6.56 0.37 6.19 120.0 83.1 6.0 4.3 10 2.724 2883 360.0 218.86 214.59 427 0.37 390 120.0 120.0 120.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 12 2.828 SEP 1944 360.0 218.85 214.88 3.97 0.37 3.60 120.0 120.0 120.0 3.6 3.6 3.6 11 2.613 721 360.0 219.05 213.75 5.31 0.37 4.94 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 15 3.584 344 343.9 219.15 212.98 6.18 0.37 5.81 120.0 120.0 103.9 5.9 5.9 5.1 17 4.025 OCT 200 199.8 219.15 212.65 6.50 0.37 6.13 120.0 79.8 6.0 4.1 10 2.426 202 201.9 219.15 212.63 6.52 0.37 6.15 120.0 81.9 6.0 42 10 2.701 274 274.0 219.15 212.85 6.30 0.37 5.93 120.0 120.0 34.0 6.0 6.0 1.7 14 3.277 NOV 525 360.0 219.15 213.34 5.81 0.37 5.44 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 16 3.947 547 360.0 219.15 213.35 5.80 0.37 5.43 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 16 3.938 547 360.0 219.15 213.17 5.99 0.37 5.62 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.7 5.7 5.7 17 4.075 DEC 469 360.0 219.13 213.11 6.02 0.37 5.65 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.7 5.7 5.7 17 4.102 216.67 213.06 3.62 0.37 213.78 212.86 0.92 0.37 JAN 213.78 212.82 0.97 0.37 490 360.0 218.99 213.21 5.78 0.37 5.41 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 16 4.318 547 360.0 219.15 213.39 5.77 0.37 5.40 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.4 5.4 5.4 16 3.918 FEB 633 360.0 219.12 213.55 5.57 0.37 5.20 120.0 120.0 120.0 52 52 52 16 3.775 741 360.0 219.04 213.73 5.31 0.37 4.94 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 15 2.866 1128 360.0 219.15 214.16 5.00 0.37 4.63 120.0 120.0 120.0 4.7 4.7 4.7 14 3.357 MAR 802 360.0 219.15 213.74 5.41 0.37 5.04 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.1 5.1 5.1 15 3.660 315 314.5 219.14 212.59 6.55 0.37 6.18 120.0 120.0 74.5 6.0 6.0 3.9 16 4.190 0 219.12 211.63 749 0.37 7.12 APR 0 218.88 211.53 7.35 0.37 6.98 341 341.3 219.09 212.97 6.12 0.37 5.75 120.0 120.0 101.3 5.8 5.8 4.9 16 3.954 1017 360.0 219.15 214.11 5.04 0.37 4.67 120.0 120.0 120.0 4.7 4.7 4.7 14 3.390 MAY 1491 380.0 219.17 214.65 4.52 0.37 4.15 120.0 120.0 120.0 42 4.2 42 13 3.012 794 360.0 219.15 213.77 5.39 0.37 5.02 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.1 5.1 5.1 15 4.004 375 360.0 219.15 213.12 6.04 0.37 5.67 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.7 5.7 5.7 17 4.113 JUN 157 157.0 219.15 212.63 6.52 0.37 6.15 120.0 37.0 6.0 1.9 8 1.898 928 360.0 219.15 214.02 5.13 0.37 4.76 120.0 120.0 120.0 4.8 4.8 4.8 14 3.456 F. 873 360.0 219.15 214.02 5.13 0.37 4.76 120.0 120.0 120.0 4.8 4.8 4.8 14 3.454 JUL 1039 360.0 219.15 214.17 4.98 0.37 4.61 120.0 120.0 120.0 4.6 4.6 4.6 14 3.348 1585 360.0 219.00 214.63 4.37 0.37 4.00 120.0 120.0 120.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 12 ' 3.193 1103 360.0 218.85 214.03 4.82 0.37 4.45 120.0 120.0 120.0 4.5 4.5 4.5 13 3.231 AUG 275 275.0 219.15 212.73 6.42 0.37 6.05 120.0 120.0 35.0 6.0 6.0 1.8 14 3.307 162 1619 219.14 212.40 6.74 0.37 6.37 120.0 41.9 6.0 22 8 ' 2.176 275 275.4 219.15 212.86 6.29 0.37 5.92 120.0 120.0 35.4 6.0 6.0 1.8 14 3.289 SEP 575 360.0 219.16 21325 5.91 0.37 5.54 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.6 5.6 5.6 17 4.018 397 360.0 219.15 212.90 6.25 0.37 5.88 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.9 5.9 5.9 18 4270 580 360.0 219.16 21324 5.92 0.37 5.55 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.6 5.6 5.6 17 4.025 OCT 669 360.0 219.15 21327 5.89 0.37 5.52 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.6 5.6 5.6 17 4.002 417 360.0 219.16 213.08 6.08 0.37 5.71 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.8 5.8 5.8 17 4.559 392 360.0 219.15 213.03 6.12 0.37 5.75 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.8 5.8 5.8 17 4.173 NOV 724 360.0 219.15 213.38 5.78 0.37 5.41 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.4 5.4 5.4 16 3.923 779 360.0 219.15 213.46 5.70 0.37 5.33 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.4 5.4 5.4 16 3.865 436 360.0 219.15 213.10 6.05 0.37 5.68 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.7 5.7 5.7 17 4.122 DEC 385 360.0 219.15 213.00 6.15 0.37 5.78 120.0 120.0 120.0 5.8 5.8 5.8 17 4.197 216.82 212.58 4.23 0.37
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 4-11 CHAPTER
GEOLOGICAL AND GEOTECHNICAL STUDIES • RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Geological and Geotechnical Studies
CHAPTER-5 GEOLOGICAL AND GEOTECHNICAL STUDIES
5.1 GEOLOGICAL STUDIES
This section deals with general regional geological setting, Geological Mapping of the project area, investigations and laboratory testing carried out for the foundation condition and construction materials.
The regional geological and tectonic setup has mainly been inferred from the available data, literature and maps prepared and published by different organizations and Departments such as Geological Survey of Pakistan (GSP) and University of Peshawar etc.
5.1.1 Previous Work
During the construction of the Rasul Barrage M/S Indus Valley Construction Company limited carried out subsurface investigation and several boreholes up to 183 m depth were drilled. The drilling showed that the dominant sub-surface material is sand with varying amount of fines (Silt & Clay) and gravels at different locations and elevations but a brown clayey layer also encountered of 2-7 m thickness at different locations. All the foundations of the structures were terminated in the sand and gravelly sand material.
5.1.2 Regional Geological Setting (Drawing No. RHP-009)
Geologically the project area is a part of upper Indus Basin (Kohat-Potwar Province) of the Pakistan and tectonically falls in Salt Range and Kohat — Potwar Plateau Belt area which is a further sub division of NW Himalayan Fold and Thrust Belt as shown in Figure 5.1.
The formation of the Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis began in Early Pliocene (Burbank 1983) treloar et al. (1991d) have shown that the syntaxis is the result of Early Pliocene thrusts. The thrust systems to the east of the syntaxis have different geometries from those to the west. On the eastern side MBT was the main structure, whereas on the western margin, the simultaneously propagating structures, such as the Salt Range Thrust and related break back structures were in the footwall of the MBT.
Salt Range and Kohat — Potwar Plateau Belt Area
East-west trending fold belt comprises the low rolling hills and valleys of the uplifted Kohat- Potwar Plateau, the Salt Range and its westward extensions. It is about 85 km wide and extends for about 200 km. It is a discrete structural zone bounded in the north by the north- dipping Main Boundary Thrust (Sarwar et al. 1979; Yeats et al. 1984, Coward et al. 1985). Southward the Salt Range Thrust, Kalabagh Fault and the Surghar Thrust form its southern boundary. West and eastward it is terminated by the N-S oriented Kurram Thrust and Jhelum Fault respectively (Kazmi and Rana 1982).
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5.1.3 Regional Stratigraphic Setting (Drawing No. RHP-009)
A Regional sedimentary sequence of Salt Range and Kohat — Potwar Fold Belt ranging from Eocambrian to Recent is exposed in the Salt Range and Kohat — Potwar Plateau and is shown in Figure 5.2.
The Siwalik rocks of this region contain a rich mammalian fauna which has attracted scientists for more than a century. Particular interest are hominoid primates whose earliest remains date back to 14.5 m.year. One of these, Ramapithecus panjabicus, is widely believed to be the earliest recognizable hominoid or human ancestor (Raza et al. 1983).
The stratigraphic sequence of Kohat — Powar region also contains record of interesting and unique events. The Talchir Boulder Bed (Tobra Formation), near the base of the Permian, records a global glacial event and has been instrumental in provoking reconstruction of the Gondawana super continent. The 1-20 m thick Bain Boulder Bed in Pleistocene Marwat Formation (Morris 1938) in Bhitani and Shinghar Ranges have been interpreted by Nio and Hussain (1984) as a channeled debris flow deposit formed by a single catastrophic flood event. Khan et al (1985) identify this as Bain diamictite which formed due to a catastrophic lahar event (volcanic debris flow following volcanic eruption).
5.1.4 Regional Geological Structure
The Kohat — Potwar fold belt is composed of a series of east-west trending folds and thrust faults. Its southern part comprises the Salt Range composite orocline which forms a serpentine chain of hill ranges, namely the Manzai, Bhittani, Khisor-Marwat, Surghar and the Salt Range. These ranges consist of Eocambrian to Paleogene rock formations and constitute a distinct geotectonic zone to their north lie the undulating Kohat and Potwar Plateaus which are separated by Indus River. The Kohat — Potwar Plateau is largely covered by Neogene Siwalik molasses, which forms several large folds, some of which are faulted. The vary shape and orientation of these surface structures define a number of structural zones within the Kohat— Potwar Plateau are shown in Figure 5.3.
Salt Range
This range is essentially a complex salt anticlinorium with a series of salt anticlines. It is widest in its central part, between Khewra and Warcha, where it also contains the best exposures of Paleozoic and Eocambrian sequence. The structure along its northern slope is comprised of simple, broad, shallow folds followed by a gentle monocline. Southward the folding becomes tighter and the folds are commonly faulted. Along the southern scarp the structures are more complicated and comprise east-west trending faults and overfolds. The Eocambrian evaporates are exposed in some of these overfolded and faulted anticlines. Though the general trend of the folds is east-west in the Central Salt Range, a few north-
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 5-2 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Geological and Geotechnical Studies south trending and northward plunging anticlines, which are actually "nose" type structures, have also formed.
Eastward the Salt Range loses its stature and bifurcates into two narrow northeast trending ridges, the Diljabba and the Chambal-Jogi Tilla. The latter comprises steeply dipping monoclines, complicated by complex thrusts and tear faults, whereas the Diljabba Hill is a steeply dipping anticline traversed by Diljabba-Domeli Thrust. Westward the Salt Range takes a northwest bend near Warcha. Its structure remains the same and it is separated by the Kalabagh Fault from the Trans-Indus Ranges. Southward the Salt Range is truncated by the Salt Range Thrust.
Potwar Plateau
This plateau is roughly defined by the rivers Indus and Jhelum to the west and east respectively, the Kalachitta-Margalla Hill Ranges to the north, and the Salt Range to the south. It is largely covered by the Siwalik sequence, through at places upper Eocene shales and limestones crop out locally in folded inliers. Its northern part, known as the North Potwar Deformed Zone (NPDZ) is more intensely deformed. It is characterized by east-west, tight and complex folds overturned to the south and sheared by steep-angle faults.
5.1.5 Geological Mapping of Project Area (Drawing No. RHP-010)
Geological mapping of the project area including Pond area, headrace channel, powerhouse, tailrace channel, and Borrow areas of construction material were carried out on scale 1: 250.
Rocks were not exposed in the project area, there were only alluvial deposits such as Sandy Silt, Silty Sand and Silty Clay with sand at places, all the alluvial deposits were deposited by the Jhelum River and its tributaries in the area and are of sub-recent age.
5.1.6 Stratigraphy of the Jhelum Valley
Sedimentary rocks in age from Pliocene to recent are exposed is proximity and forwards North and North-West of the project. These rocks were deposits in continental environment. These are represented by Nagri, Dhok Pathan and Soan formation.
Rock formation of upper Tertiary, Siwalik group are succeeded by Quaternary sediments comprising predominantly of sand, silt and clay or a mixture of these sediments in varying proportion at different elevations and locations. The sediments have been deposited by the Jhelum River and its present and old tributaries. The common surface material that overlies the bed rock in the Jhelum Valley is shown in Figure 5.4 and generalized stratigraphic sequence of the project is given in Table below.
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Generalized Strati ra hic Sequence of the Area Time unit Rock unit Formation Description ERA Period EPOCH Group Stream channel Unconsolidated sand, silt deposits sand and detrial material Younger flood Silty clay and fine sand RECENT plain deposits Older flood plain Loamy clay, sand and deposits gravel Potwar loessic Clay, silty clay with gravel clay deposits
ATERNARY Sub-piedmont Clay and silty clay, silt and B RECENT U
Q deposits marl bands SU Piedmont Loamy clay and clay with ZOIC deposits conglomerates
S Terrance gravel Gravel, pebbles and CE CENO NE depostis cobbles in sandy matrix LEI O T P Unconformity Soan formation Sandstone, conglomeratic sandstone and claystone-
Y disconformity NE R Khod Pthan Alternatic bands of
WALIK formation sandstone and claystone SI TERTIA PLIOCE Nagri formation Sandstone with minor clay stone — Based is not exposed- *Adopted from GSP Information Release No. 699.
5.2 GEOTECHNICS
All the civil engineering projects are built either on earth, in earth, and/or with earth. In order to have safe and economical design of civil engineering structures, detailed sub soil information is required. The high complex natural soil deposits, a single method of investigation cannot be ranked as the best for all situations. The magnitude and arrangement of field exploration depends upon the importance and the size of the project. The method of soil exploration is determined by keeping in view the nature of soil deposits.
5.2.1 Objectives
The primary objective is to determine the following as accurately as possible is required; a) The sub soil profile - commonly obtained by inspecting the soil obtained from different depths as the boring progress.
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The subsoil profile reveals the following important information:
i. Identification of important soil layers, their thickness and inclinations. ii. Location of bed rock or bearing layers.
b) The horizontal variability of the subsoil at the project site. c) The ground water conditions. d) The physical properties of the strata underlying the site. e) The mechanical properties of sub-soil such as strength and compressibility. f) The anomalies in soil profile such as thin seams of weather material, gravel pockets in sand etc.
• 5.2.2 Scope of Work
The geotechnical investigation program for Rasul Hydropower Scheme comprises 140 m of exploratory boreholes at Proposed Power House area and Bridge location. Test pits were also proposed to gather additional information about site geologic conditions at the project site and borrow areas.
The task of field investigation was entrusted to Imag-Tech on competitive bidding basis by the sponsor. The field work was completed in September 2008 and the selected samples were transported to Soilcon Testing Laboratory, Lahore to determine the foundation design parameters.
5.2.3 Exploratory Boreholes (Drawing No. RHP-008)
The drilling of exploratory borehole was carried out using Rotary Drilling Technique at an angle of 90 degrees from the horizontal. Representative samples were recovered using.
• Undisturbed samples of sub-soils. (As per change of strata, mainly Silty Clay Soil) • Disturbed samples using SPT sampler in the sub-soil
In situ testing performed at different depths includes following:
• Permeability test at an interval of 3m • SPT at 1m interval
Drilling was carried out exclusively with clear water (no bentonite or biodegradable slurry) and before each test the drilled hole wall was washed.
The details of exploratory borehole at different location are presented as follows:
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1 Bridge BH-1 1 40 40
2 Power House BH-2 1 40 40 BH-3 & BH-4 2 30 60 Total Drillin! 140
5.2.4 Test Pits (Drawing No. RHP-008)
The test pits were required to obtain additional information about shallow sub-surface geology of the borrow areas.
Detailed logging of each pit was conducted along with the collection of representative samples. Besides, the thickness of the unusable material that will be stripped off from the surface (organic top soil) and the depth at which flows of water were encountered and any instability in the walls was also noted.
Samples had be taken according to changes in the soil's nature, which often means taking a sample every meter of depth on average, limited to the ground that, at first consideration, can be used (above the water table in particular).
The description about test pits is given below:
1 Borrow Areas 2 2 x 2 x 3
5.2.5 Laboratory Testing
Disturbed and undisturbed samples collected during the investigations was properly packed, labeled and transported to the Soilcon Laboratory, Lahore for testing. All tests had been performed in accordance with the latest version of ASTM or British Standards. The laboratory test had been carefully analyzed to develop basis of foundation design parameters for the powerhouse and to analyze dewatering requirements.
Following tests were performed on UDS and SPT samples:
I. Sieve Analysis , Hydrometer and Unit weight II. Atterberg limits III. Consolidation Test IV. Direct shear Test V. CU Triaxial Test
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5.2.6 Evaluation of Field & Laboratory Testing
Stratigraphy (Drawing No. RHP-011)
The subsurface geological conditions at the power house location and bridge abutments were explored through drilling of four boreholes. The total depth of drilled holes is 140m. Geological cross sections along the lines A-A' & B-B' have also been developed.
At the power house location a thin layer of sandy silt at the top is observed which overlaid by fine sand and continues in the boreholes BH-2 and BH-4 down to a drilled depth of 15m whereas in BH-3, the depth of this layer 27 m. At the bridge location, the depth of fine sand layer continues to a depth of 20 m in BH-1.
From El. 202.00 to EL. 193.00, the gravely sand is observed in BH-2 and BH-4 whereas the gravelly sand layer was not encountered in BH-3 and BH-1.
A layer comprising silty clay is observed in all the boreholes at the power house and bridge locations. The depth of this layer ranges from 3m in BH-2 to 7m in BH-3. This layer is overlained by fine sand layer up to the maximum drilling depth of 40m.
The ground water level is observed at an average depth of about 2.5 below the ground surface. The borehole logs are appended as Annexure - IV of Volume - 2.
Standard Penetration Test
Standard Penetration Tests (SPTs) were carried out in the boreholes as per ASTM D-1586 at every 1 m depth interval, in general. Disturbed soil samples were collected from the split spoon sampler. These samples were visually classified and then labeled and preserved for laboratory testing. The SPT blow count, for the 30 cm penetration of the split spoon sampler along the depth of borehole are shown on the borehole logs appended as Annexure - IV of Volume - 2.
The Soil profiling was performed on the basis of field SPT Values. These profiles along with the average values for the power house and bridge locations are shown in Figure 5.5 & Figure 5.6 respectively. The average SPT Values for the power house corresponding to Layer 1 from depth 0-13 m, Layer-2 from 13-22, and Layer-3 from depth 22-35 are 22, 60 and 82 respectively.
For the bridge location, these values corresponding to Layer 1 from depth 0-10 m, Layer-2 from 10-20, and Layer-3 from depth 20-40 is 18, 58 and 82 respectively.
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Field Permeability Test
In order to estimate the quantity of dewatering and recharge rate of the power house pit, field permeability test using constant head technique at the selected depths were conducted under the supervision of experienced geologist. Total twenty-eight (28) field permeability tests at the power house location revealed the permeability values ranging from 1.3 x 10-6 cm/sec to 3.60 x 10-4 cm/sec. Lower values correspond to the layer of silty clay in the area. The graphical presentation of permeability test results is presented in Figure 5.7 & 5.8.
5.2.7 Engineering Characteristics of the Foundation Soils
Twenty One (21) grain size analysis tests carried out on SPT/UDS samples of the soils collected from boreholes at proposed power house and bridge location, indicate that percentage passing No.200 sieve as 2% to 16% in 18 samples whereas percentage ranges between 91 % to 98 % for two samples. The majorly comprises (18 samples) as SP/SM whereas a layer of CUML (3 samples) according to Unified Soil Classification System. Gradation curves are shown in Figure 5.9 & 5.10.
Two (02) Atterberg Limit tests were carried out on soil selected samples. The liquid limit of fine grained soil layer is 38 % whereas the plasticity index is 16. This corresponds to generally high plasticity. The soils are classified as CL soils according to Unified Soil Classification System.
Direct shear test were carried out on six (6) soil samples. The test results of samples indicate an angle of internal friction varying from 31.5o to 35.5o with zero cohesion intercept.
Consolidation tests were performed on three (3) selected samples revealed that max Cv = 2.21 x 10-4 cm2/sec and Cc= 0.17.
The summary of laboratory test results is shown in Table 5.1 and test result sheets are appended as Annexure - IV of Volume - 2.
5.2.8 Foundation Design Parameters
Power House Foundation
The power house pit is about 50 m long 43 m wide. On the basis of field and laboratory tests evaluation, the proposed type of foundation for the power house is Mat/ Raft Foundation.
The bearing capacity of the foundation soils for the power house is determined on the basis of SPT values. These values were corrected for 70% energy, depth and over burden. The allowable bearing capacity of the soil at the proposed depth of 15.5 m below ground surface level is 544 KPa (5.68 t/ft2).
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The maximum elastic settlement of the mat foundation corresponding to a contact pressure of 200 KN/m2 (2 t/ft2) is calculated to be 49 mm. This settlement calculation includes the relief of overburden. The recommended design value is 2 t/ft2.
Bridge Foundation (Drawing RHP-028)
The proposed A.R. Bridge foundation at the project site is Pile Foundation. A pile group comprising 5 piles in row, each 1.4 m apart, will be provided to elevation 219.62 m and diameter of individual pile in the group will be 0.91m. Pile cap will be provided with top elevation of 221.12 m and thickness of 1.50 m. The average length of pile will be 28 m. The effective length of the pile is considered as the depth below the soffit level. The pile capacity comprises both the skin friction and end bearing. The skin friction and end bearing components are calculated on the basis of corrected N70.
5.2.9 Dewatering
The ground water table is just 2.5 m below the ground surface level at the powerhouse location during the drilling in the months August/September, 2008. However, the water table fluctuates between 1.5 m to 3 m throughout the year. The dewatering amount and the recharge rate in the power excavation pit are determined by keeping in view the barrage operation and the discharges during the high flood season.
A two stage dewatering system comprising dewatering well is proposed for the dewatering system. The calculation of total water quantities and the cone of depression have been carried out by using coefficient of permeability equal to 1.0 x 10-4 cm /s. The amount to be dewatered was estimated using computer software SEEP/W and manual calculations.
The quantity for the first stage is 1 cumecs (35 cusecs) over a height of 7m. A total 90 number of pumps with a capacity 0.5 cusec each will be required in the first stage. 411
In the second stage, 0.6 cumecs (21 cusecs) is required to be dewatered. Total 50 pumps with capacity of 0.5 cusec each are sufficient for this purpose.
The estimation of total quantity includes an allowance of 25% flow from the bottom of the well and standby pumps.
Since the cone of depression between the inner well may be higher at some locations then Elevation 199.96 m. Additional well points may be foreseen for the power house pit.
Sheet piles are provided along the periphery on the bottom of the excavation pit to avoid sand boiling/ heaving of the pit bottom. Depth of these piles will be finalized during the detail design stage of the project.
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5.3 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Adequate quantities of construction materials are available in close vicinity of the project which includes the following.
5.3.1 Fine Material
Silty Clay and Clayey Silt
Silty clay and clayey silt are available from top layers of loessic clay deposits of Potwar and older flood plain deposits of Jhelum River. The clay available in Kohan and Bunha River is plastic and calcareous.
The closest borrow areas of the fine material for the constructions of channel embankments are available on both sides of the Jhelum-Mandi Bahauddin road on Jhelum side at about 1 km from Rasul Barrage.
5.3.2 Coarse Material
Sand
Plenty of medium to coarse grained sand mixed with gravels is available and is being extracted from Jhelum, Bunha and Kohan rivers. The closest borrow area of sand for construction of structures in the project area is the Jhelum River. The sand of river Jhelum is a coarse grained admixed with gritty material.
Gravels
The gravels are locally being used as aggregate for construction purposes after and a number of stone crushers are working in the area and producing sufficient for all present construction. The sources of these gravelly materials are terrace deposits, Bunha, Kohan Rivers and the major channels in the surrounding area.
Bunha River is near by the project area which is crossing the Jhelum-Mandi Bahauddin road, in-between the Rasul Barrage and Jhelum city.
Stone Pitching Material
Sandstone of the Siwalik group will be used as stone pitching material which is extensively out cropped in the Rohtas and Tarkai area along the GT road from Jhelum to Rawalpindi. Also Irrigation Department in Rasul Division is already running a quarry at Baghanwala at a distance of 45 km. Good quality stone available at Baghanwala quarry can be utilized. These potential borrow sources are within 60 km radius from the Rasul Barrage.
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5.4 SEISMICITY
Earthquakes are generally caused by the release of stresses in the earth's crust. The stresses are built-up due to crust deformation resulting from the movement of tectonic plates; and are released by movement along faults causing rupture of the rocks in the crust. Therefore; the occurrence of earthquakes is not merely a random phenomenon but is governed mainly by definite elastic and tectonic processes
5.4.1 Tectonic Set up (Drawing No. RHP-012)
Pakistan is subdivided into the broad tectonic zones which are listed below, on the basis on the plate tectonic features, geological structures organic history and lithofacies.
• Indus plat form and tredeep • East balochistan fold-and fault belt • Northwest Himalayan fold-and-fault belt • Kohistan-ladakh magmatic • Karakoram block • Khorasam flysch basis and Makran accetionary zone • Chagia Magmaticare • Pakistan offshore
These broad tectonic zones are further subdivided into similar tectonic units on the basis of subtle differences in tectonics and changes in structure styles are shown in Figure 5-1. Our project area falls in the NW Himalan Fold and Trust Belt.
The main faults in the surrounding region are Main Boundary Thrust, Panjal fault Kalabagh, Uchali, Salt Range, Jhelum, Kalar Kahar, Fateh Jung, Margalla, and Attock. The Main Boundary Thrust fault system is considered as active and due to compression forces of tectonic activities there has given rise to immense folding and faulting of existing rocks. Project lies in the vicinity of a number of faults, west of the Jhelum fault and the main being 150 km south of Main Boundary Thrust fault system.
On October 8, 2005, an earthquake measuring 7.6 on the Richter scale occurred 65 km on the way from Balakot to Chakhoti. It was a shallow earthquake, with a depth of 28 km and a "Strick-Slip" type fault, with a maximum displacement of 8 meters between the blocks. The earthquake cause extensive destruction in the region and killed thousands of people.
5.4.2 Seismic Activity
Seismic activity in Pakistan has been the source of destructive earthquakes. These earthquakes have originated from sedimentary cover at shallow depth as well as from deep
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 5-11 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Geological and Geotechnical Studies basement rocks. These earthquakes have been recorded and there are two kinds of records; historic or pre-instrumented data consisting of felt intensity based on recorded damage and instrumented data collected by various national and international seismic networks.
5.4.3 Seismic Recording (Drawing No. RHP-013)
The instrumental recording of the earthquakes started in 1904, but the number of seismic statistics in South Asian region remained very small until the installation of high quality seismograph under the World Wide Standard Seismograph Network (VVWSSN) established by US Coast and Geodetic Survey in 1960.
The quality of earthquake recording in the region then improved and resulted in a better understanding of the seismic pattern in Pakistan. After the event of Geological Survey of Pakistan has divided Pakistan into a number of tentative seismotectonic zones. A map showing past earthquake intensities (Modified Mercelli Scale) of project area in Pakistan and surrounding is shown in above referred drawing.
5.4.4 Evaluation of Seismic Coefficient (Drawing No. RHP-014)
On the basis of earthquake data, GSP has prepared a map showing seismic Hazard zones of Pakistan. According to the seismic zoning map of Pakistan, the Project area falls in zone- 2 liable for Minor to Moderate damage corresponding to Max. Intensity 7.5 of Modified Mercelli (MM) scale. Accordingly seismic factor equal to and greater than 0.1g horizontal ground acceleration with maximum credible earthquake (MCE) is suggested for design of Rasul Low Head Power House and its appurtenant structure. The Operation Basis Earthquake (OBE) is proposed to be of 0.07g.
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TABLES
0 1 BAR 1: QAAB 1SV
CONSOLIDATED ATTERBERG
C GRAIN SUM ANALYSIS (ASTA) UNITUNDFtAINED CONSOLIDATION TEST DIRECT SHEAR LIMITS WEIGHT TRIAAAL
on DEPTH BORE SAMPLE SOIL PHI Cv Cc PH AREA PERCEN- PASSIN3 C C HOLE No. NO. CLASSIFICATION sul 2p *4 *10 *20 840 860 *100 0 200 5° LL Pi (KN/m3) Kpa Deg crOsec Kpa Deg ti m 4.76 2.38 1.19 0.595 0.297 0.149 0.074 0.020 0.010 0.005 0.002 n g S SPT-1 3-3.5 100 100 98 92 77 51 16 5 3 2 1 SM er 91 75 50 10 SP-SM 0) SPT-2 5-5.5 100 100 100 ddH CIV3H MOl 11 vi ces ATION SPT-4 14-14.5 100 100 100 94 52 28 21 SM 18.62 0 35.5 O OC BH-01 SPT-5 19-19.5 100 100 100 100 100 99 98 71 47 25 16 CL (P O GE L vt UDS-1 21-21.5 100 96 95 94 93 92 91 71 53 40 28 38 16 CL 20.45 RID .)
B SPT-6 25-25.5 100 86 84 83 81 78 76 17.86 L td SPT-8 28-28.5 100 100 95 85 65 35 3 SP 17.67 . UDS-1 4-5 100 100 99 85 85 43 7 SP-SM a 0 35 SPT-1 10 100 100 98 78 33 10 5 SP 17.65 I0O BH-02 SPT-2 24 100 100 99 91 57 23 12 SM 17.86 0 34 O UDS-2 28.5 100 100 99 92 65 22 10 SP-SM 17.66 0 31 1.34E-03 0.041 C SPT-3 36 100 100 100 89 68 38 5 SP ------_------_------ ------ --- - ---- - - SM SPT-1 6-6.45 100 100 100 98 80 55 14 4 3 1 0 0 SP-SM ATION SPT-2 12-12.45 100 100 100 90 79 50 10 E• G.) OC SPT-3 18-18.45 100 100 100 85 33 12 9 SP-SM 17.82 0 • 31.5 0oa)
SE L BH-03 UDS-1 20.5-21 100 100 100 100 99 98 97 78 55 36 23 38 16 CL 18.96 2.21E-04 0.17 ,8
HOU so 6" SPT-4 26-26.45 100 100 100 95 77 50 7 SP-SM R E SP-15 30-30.45 100 100 100 81 29 12 8 SP-SM 17.85 0 33.5 ------___---- __------ - ------ - POW SPT-1 11 100 100 98 79 36 15 10 SP-SM 18.64 0 33.5 SPT-2 13 100 100 100 95 78 45 10 SP-SM 18.61 BH-04 SPT-3 23 100 100 100 85 65 39 2 SP UDS-1 24.5 100 98 96 64 25 15 10 SP-SM 19.21 0 35 1.39E-03 0.054 O SPT-4 28 100 100 100 92 73 44 4 SP 18.63 C 3 FIGURES • RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Geological and Geotechnical Studies
Figure 5.1 Tectonic Zones of Pakistan
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S.SONISTAX MAGIUMC
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S. COWAN 111101111110 ARC. A Saco% VOL Smosilt Sod fig 1.1•11411404114004v04444.11•414" POOL "n co p. co CD Cr6u—
571 KH)SOR RANGE SURGHAR SALT RANGE • N.) RANGE Western part of hhiclru Salt Range Lissa Nita Wahan Eastern part of D g a Salt ranger 00199 co -0 SsIyidumall -0 ANO uto Ktstam CD ID Unw Khel Wes f ORMATIO N fi 0 CD 0.0141 OR IV E U A) Kundal JUN A L AND Mgrovie Cl) Woke CD P .0 P41 OR At IK CrR OUP' C LOWER CD C) P#A11' CD IRAWALPINM GROUP) 2, cn ▪ co MOHAN- UPPER 73 QS %PS WALA FM 1.0W EA FM. CO a) AT JUTANA CD o UPPER PO 'yes* 04 K AK FORM TIO KNEWRA O. mo KNEWRA FORMATION LOWER CAMBRIAN cn FORMATION LOWER Pit' 0- •O •2— 6G Oni***9 * SAY. SALT RANGE FORMATION • EOCAMERIAN • E 1...... 10.1=1•111100•111MW 4.1..1.11111.1•001Mhaso O. E. 3
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e• np i Parma 0 a 3 a
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to reit t • 25 30 at 0 77+N 01 • RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Geological and Geotechnical Studies
Figure 5.4 Block Diagram of Jhelum Valley
Qsc Stream channel deposits QfP1 Younger flood plain deposits Qfp2 Older flood plain deposits Qpc Potwar loessic clay deposits QP Sub-Piedmont deposits Qpl Piedmont deposits Qtg Terrace gravel deposits Unconformity NSs Soan Formation NSdh Dhok Pathan Formation Nsn Nagri Formation Nsc Chinji Formation RG Rawalpindi Group RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Geological and Geotechnical Studies
Figure 5.5 Variation of SPT Values with Depth at Power House Site
SPT ( N ) VALUES 0 20 40 60 DO 100 120 0 GWr
Design- N Value = 22 • BH-02
10 • BH-03 A
A BH-04 A
15
Design- N 'Whit = 60 20 •
25
Design- N Value = 82
35
Figure 5.6 Variation of SPT Values with Depth at Bridge Location
SPT ( N ) VALUES 0 20 40 60 80 103 120 T _ GWT
is 25
Design- N Value = 82
5
45 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Geological and Geotechnical Studies
Figure 5.7 Field Permeability Data at Power House Site
Permeability (catisec)
11413 1.E-01 1.E-05 1.E-06 0
5
ro
15 E
• 4 25 Ft-1,5,1.1111S LA YU(
90
35
ao
Figure 5.8 Field Permeability Data at Bridge Location
Pwwwiltitty Onto
1.00E433 1.03E411 1.00E-05 1.00E.03 0
10 Is
25
30
40 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Geological and Geotechnical Studies
Figure 5.9 Grain Size Distribution Curve at Power House Site
B200 0 17 100
-
10
90
2
10
0 0.001 0.01 0.1 10 100 1009 GrainSize mm) SAID GRAVEL CLAY SILT COBBLES BOULDERS MEDIUM I cofrasE I COMSE
Figure 5.10 Grain Size Distribution Curve at Bridge Location
200 040
SO 01
BD 6
H; •
Yx
J
aot O 1
GminSin (mot SAID GRAVEL SILT PINE FINE •
LAYOUT ALTERNATIVES RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Layout Alternatives
CHAPTER-6 LAYOUT ALTERNATIVES
6.1 GENERAL
Layouts for low head projects on rivers or canals involve less variations as compared to high head projects. The head across or drop is immediate, which automatically restricts the location of the powerhouse to areas, in the immediate vicinity of the drop. The next consideration is whether to build the powerhouse within the channel or outside it, in a by- pass arrangement. Geology and to a more limited extent, topography, will influence the design of the structures, but rarely will it involve discarding a site. Notwithstanding all of the above considerations, the selection of layout for a low head hydropower scheme still requires careful analysis and planning, as a low head project is likely to be located in close proximity to one or more existing projects, whose operation should not be adversely affected.
This chapter discusses the various alternatives considered in finalizing the layout of Rasul Low Head Hydropower Project. The term "layout" refers to the general arrangement of the various components of the project with respect to the Main Rasul Barrage. The sizes, geometries and configurations of various works are discussed in Chapter 7 (Project Civil Design).
6.2 BASIS OF STUDIES
Various alternative layouts have been studied and evaluated on the following basis, in decreasing order of importance:
• The operation and safety of the barrage and its appurtenant works. • The existing and planned arrangement of off-taking channels at Rasul Barrage. • The long term safety and operability of the power plant and its auxiliary works. • The hydraulic efficacies of the intake, the power channel and the plant. • Constructability issues and time required for completion. • The initial environmental assessment of each alternative. • The overall costs of the alternatives, based on same sized plant
The possible alternatives for the project layout are discussed in the following sub-sections:
6.2.1 Left By-Pass Arrangement
Rasul Barrage has two large canals off-taking from the left pocket. Rasul-Qadirabad Link Canal and the Lower Jhelum Canal. This rules out the left-bypass arrangement for the following reasons:
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 6-1 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Layout Alternatives a) Construction of two aqueducts or syphons to carry the two canals across the power channel. Significant works will be required, in particular, for the Rasul-Qadirabad Link Canal. b) Increase in the overall length of the power channel to ensure satisfactory placement of the powerhouse, as the area falling within the prism of the two canals is unavailable. c) More complex management of sedimentation in barrage left pocket, because of three off-taking canals, two of them carrying large flows. This has adverse impact on not only the power project, but also the two existing canals as well as the main barrage.
6.2.2 Main Barrage Arrangement
The construction of power house as part of the barrage appears attractive, both, economically and technically, as it would do away with the intake, as well as the head and tail race channels. Similarly, no additional protective works will be needed, both upstream and downstream of the barrage. In addition the under-sluices in the right barrage pockets will help clear sediments from the head reach of the powerhouse. It would also have minimal impact on the Jalalpur Canal, which is proposed to off-take from the right pocket of Rasul Barrage. There are, nevertheless, significant issues, which rule out this option. The main ones are listed below: a) Significant structural works, involving deep excavation up to 20 m is required to construct the powerhouse. This requires extreme care during construction to prevent any structural damage to the adjacent part of the barrage. b) The area in which the powerhouse is to be located will have to be cordoned off by construction of coffer dams on both, upstream and downstream sides till the commissioning of the plant. Some diversion arrangement will have to be provided to route the flow affected by the construction of the coffer dam.
6.2.3 Right By-Pass Arrangement
The only feasible option remaining is to construct the powerhouse in a by-pass arrangement on the right side of the barrage. In this case the challenge arose from the proposed Jalalpur Irrigation Canal, as well as the location of breaching section for the barrage on the right side. Three options were considered to accommodate Jalalpur Canal in the proposed Rasul Low Head Project. These are: a) To arrange for Jalalpur Canal to off-take from the head race of the power canal for Rasul Hydropower Project. b) Jalalpur Canal to off-take from the pond in the right pocket of Rasul Barrage and to cross below the head race of power canal in an inverted siphon. c) Jalalpur Canal to off-take from the pond in the right pocket of Rasul Barrage and to cross through an aqueduct placed atop the draft tubes of the Rasul Low Head Powerhouse.
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The three alternatives were evaluated, internally, as well as discussed with the Consultants for the Jalalpur Irrigation Canal. The first option was assessed to be less sound by both Consultants, as it would likely lead to greater inflow of silt into Jalalpur Canal, as well as result in flow instability in front of the water passages leading to the turbines.
The second alternative is technically and economically viable, only, if the siphon is constructed prior to or simultaneously with the head race channel. Later construction would mean shut down of the powerhouse for an extended period, with corresponding loss in revenue. In any case, the Consultants for the Jalalpur Irrigation Project have ruled out employing siphon for the canal.
This leaves only the third option, in which Jalalpur Canal crosses the power channel via an aqueduct constructed atop the draft tubes of the Rasul Low Head Powerhouse. A precedence for this kind of arrangement exists in form of Chashma Low Head Power Project. The Consultants for Jalalpur Canal have also expressed support for this option.
The presence of breaching section on the right side of the barrage is unavoidable for all alternatives and the only solution is to plan and design the powerhouse, waterways and appurtenant structures around it. Chapter 7 describes measures to protect the power project against possible breaching at Rasul Barrage, during a super-flood.
6.3 RECOMMENDED LAYOUT
In light of the discussions in section 6.2, the only feasible layout for Rasul Hydropower Project is the right by-pass arrangement with the proposed Jalalpur Canal off-taking from the right pocket of Rasul Barrage and crossing the powerhouse in an aqueduct, constructed atop the draft tubes. As the designers of Jalalpur Irrigation Canal have signaled their intention of not introducing any curvature in the alignment, till it is well clear of the power channel, the location of powerhouse is more or less fixed. This rules out any possibility of placing the intake within the reach of the right guide bund, which had the potential of reducing the length of the head race channel as well as that of the protective bund forming its right bank. Any such arrangement would result in a short head race reach with a sharply curving alignment and likelihood of flow instability close to the powerhouse.
Therefore it was decided to opt for a layout in which the head race channel off-takes from the upstream nose of the right guide bund, which is used as part of the intake structure. The powerhouse is located downstream of the existing Rasul-Pind Dadan Khan Road at a distance of nearly 210 meters from the right abutment of the barrage. The merits and demerits of this alternative are listed below:
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Merits
1) Involves no risk to barrage or any of its appurtenant structures. 2) Simultaneous construction of powerhouse and tail race channel. 3) Favorable flow conditions at intake and exit of tailrace channel. 4) Construction of colony on area reclaimed from the pond area. 5) Provides additional safety to the Right Guide Bund. 6) Reduces environmental impact by utilizing large area of upstream pond.
Demerits
1) Requires long protective bund to form the right bank of the headrace channel, tailrace channel and the abutment of the intake structure. The protective bund has to be designed and constructed to same specifications as that for a barrage, because of the location of the breaching section. 2) Limited control on silt entering power canal, because of intake location far away from the barrage right pocket. 3) Restricts work on the intake, the head race channel, the road bridge and the right protective bund to low flow season.
In view of the constraint imposed by the alignment of the proposed Jalalpur Canal, the last option appears to be the only feasible one. While some drawbacks of this arrangement are given above, they are not extraordinary and do not detract from the technical and financial soundness of the scheme. It is important to note that the recommended layout is the starting point for a detailed hydraulic model study, whose results will then refine and improve the design of all major components of the project.
In summary for the Rasul Low Head Hydropower Project, it is recommended that the powerhouse be placed in the by-pass arrangement on the right side of Rasul Barrage, as shown in Dwg No. LHP-015 in Volume — 3 of this Feasibility Report. Further design of civil works for the project, as well as costing is based on this option.
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PROJECT CIVIL DESIGN RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Project Civil Design
CHAPTER-7 PROJECT CIVIL DESIGN
7.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes the key civil components of the Rasul Low Head Hydropower Project. Brief narrative covers each structure, explaining its' salient features. Issues related to hydraulic, geotechnical and structural design are also addressed. This chapter is to be read in conjunction with Volume - 3 (Drawings) of the feasibility report.
7.2 GENERAL PROJECT LAYOUT
As described in the Chapter-6, the selected layout has the powerhouse located on the right side of Rasul Barrage in a by-pass arrangement (Drawing No. RHP-015). The following are the key components of the selected option for the Rasul Hydropower Project.
• Head and Tail Race Channels. • Inlet and Outlet bays. • Powerhouse consisting of three Horizontal Kaplan Turbines (Pit type) with a combined capacity of 18 MW. • Approach and Exit Channels. • Intake Structure. • A.R. Bridge over the Power Channel. • Jalalpur Canal Aqueduct. • Colony.
7.2.1 Headrace and Tailrace Channels
The head race and tail race channels of Rasul Hydropower Project are designed as concrete lined channels. This provides a non-erodible power canal with low maintenance costs and nearly continuous operation. The design capacity of the power canal is 360 cumecs and it has been designed on the basis of Manning's equation for trapezoidal sections. In view of the anticipated sediment inflow into the power canal and to allow for deterioration of lining with age, a conservative value of 0.02 has been chosen as roughness coefficient for concrete lining. The calculated velocity in the head race is 1.48 m/s, for which class B (3000 psi) concrete lining, 100 mm thick is adequate. The lining extends only part of the way up the embankment slope. The right slopes of the headrace and tailrace channels are protected by stone pitching to provide protection against possible breaching.
The lined section is also narrower than an unlined canal of similar capacity. This has the advantage of lesser area required for the canal prism. The cross-sections of both, the head race channel and the tail race channel appear in Drawing No. RHP-016.
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7.2.2 Inlet and Outlet Bays
Both the inlet and the outlet bays consist of sloping reinforced concrete slabs flanked by reinforced concrete counterfort walls. The slabs form hinged expansion joints with the raft of the powerhouse. Sheet piles are to be installed at the top edges of the slabs and also underneath the flanking retaining walls. The slabs have a slope of 3:1 on the upstream side and a 5:1 slope on the d/s side. The retaining walls extend beyond the slabs as transition walls. Drawing No. RHP-017 & 018 show details of the inlet and outlet bays.
7.2.3 Power House Complex
The powerhouse's location has been primarily determined by the alignment of the proposed Jalalpur Canal which crosses it in an aqueduct. However, the location is a reasonable one, purely, from the point of view of hydraulics of the power project.
The powerhouse architecture and configuration is typical for a low head powerhouse set in a by-pass arrangement. Drawing Nos. RHP-017 to 024, present details of the powerhouse for Rasul Hydropower. Rather than describing details that are evident from the drawings, this section highlights some important technical aspects of the powerhouse below: a) The substructure of the powerhouse consists of three independent blocks, each hosting a turbine, a generator and its accessories. b) The powerhouse sub-structure is boxed in with steel sheet piles. c) A drainage gallery is provided across the width of the powerhouse. d) Multiple access is provided to all pits, galleries and cavities in the powerhouse substructure. e) Trash rack along with lifting mechanism is provided on intake for each water passage. f) Stop logs with installation and lifting mechanism is provide at each intake as well as the end of each draft tube. g) The superstructure is made up of reinforced concrete portals with reinforced concrete gantry beams. Reinforced concrete is preferred to steel, as it requires little maintenance and has a long service life. h) The in-fill walls are of reinforced concrete and adjacent to the transformer area, serve as blast-resistant walls. i) A service road is placed atop the aqueduct. j) The service bay has a basement, which gives additional space for storage. It also shows the possibility of constructing up to two more sub-basements to acquire additional space.
In terms of design of the powerhouse at the feasibility level, hydraulic calculations to size waterways have been carried out by using TURBNPRO. Structural calculations regarding the powerhouse include: a) Checking for maximum soil pressure under normal operation.
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 7-2 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Project Civil Design b) Check for sliding and flotation under most critical condition with water passages empty and turbine units removed for repairs.
Sizing of members of the powerhouse superstructure is based on elementary calculations, supplemented by rule-of-thumb knowledge and study of existing structures of similar nature.
7.2.4 Approach and exit channels
In order to divert the river flows towards the intake structure and then into head race channel, an approach channel with the stone armored embankment is planned. The nose of the existing guide bank is to be modified so as to join smoothly with the intake structure. The side pitched slope and stone apron of the guide embankment join with the gabion slope and apron of the structure. Similarly, to the right of the intake, an upstream approach embankment is proposed and oriented in a direction that will attract river flows toward the intake structure. The protection apron and slope pitching of this embankment is proposed on lines similar to the barrage guide bund, in order to withstand the floods of the Jhelum. This is especially important in view of the breaching section located on the right side of the barrage.
On the downstream end, an exit channel is proposed to merge the tail race discharges into the downstream of barrage smoothly. The channel is flanked by armored embankments, as for the approach channel.
7.2.5 Intake Structure
The intake structure is designed to smoothly convey the river flows to the head race channel, while at the same time restricting the entry of sediment into the power canal. The crest level of the intake is kept higher than that of the under-sluices for Rasul Barrage. The crest of the intake is 0.61 m higher than that of the crest of under sluice and slopes down to the bed level of the concrete lined head race channel.
The intake has gabion supported flanks which merge with the stone armored embankments on either flank of the intake. A 100 mm thick concrete lining covers the gabion slopes. On the upstream side of the intake structure 3 rows of concrete blocks, 2m x 2m x 2m are provided across the width of the intake, which is Separated from a 15 m wide x 2 m deep stone apron, by a reinforced concrete curtain wall. This arrangement, upstream of the intake is to protect the intake from the flood flows at Rasul Barrage. A 6 m deep sheet pile is provided below the intake slab for its entire width. The details of the intake structure are shown in Drawing No. RHP-027.
7.2.6 A.R. Bridge over the Power Channel
An AR bridge is provided across the head race channel to carry the heavy traffic on Pind Dadan Khan Road. Details of the bridge are shown in Drawing Nos. RHP 028 & 029. In
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 7-3 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Project Civil Design selection of the bridge type and its planning and preliminary detailing, factors considered include, minimal interference in the waterway, long serviceability and economy. The width of the bridge is 9.04 m between curbs and is as per requirement of provincial highway department for two lane arterial road bridges. The bridge is of composite construction, made of reinforced concrete deck slab supported by 5 post-tensioned girders (1.5 m deep), resting on reinforced concrete pile cap supported by 5 reinforced concrete piles (0.91 m dia.). The length of each pile is 28+ m. The c/c spacing of the pile caps is 21.06 m.
The bridge is designed both, for the AASHTO HS20-44 loading as well as for the class AA 70 tons military tank loading. The bridge is also provided with reinforced concrete railing.
7.2.7 Jalalpur Canal Aqueduct
The proposed Jalalpur Canal is currently in detailed design stage. A meeting was held with the consultants of the project, in the presence of Senior Personnel from both, the Punjab Irrigation Department and the Punjab Power Development Board.
The Jalalpur Canal is being designed to off-take from the right abutment of Rasul Barrage and will not change direction till it is well clear of the alignment of the power channel of Rasul Hydropower Project. The consultant for Jalalpur Canal is firm about not deviating from this alignment, a stance strongly endorsed by the PID.
In view of this, a closed, trapezoidal shaped, reinforced / prestressed concrete box culvert has been designed as an aqueduct to carry Jalalpur Canal across the powerhouse. The aqueduct is placed atop the draft tubes of the powerhouse of Rasul Hydropower Project and is dimensioned as per the recommendation of the Jalalpur Consultants. A service road for the powerhouse is placed on the top slab of the aqueduct. By making it monolithic with the powerhouse, the aqueduct is made safe against the maximum floodwaters in the tail race channel. To economize on quantity of concrete a cavity filled with gravel is provided between the bottom of aqueduct and the top of the draft tubes. The arrangement for the aqueduct for Jalalpur Canal is shown in Drawing Nos. RHP-015 & RHP-017.
7.2.8 Colony
A colony is provided for the staff responsible for operating the power plant. It has all basic facilities to make the stay of the staff and their families comfortable. The residence colony is located on the main Pind Dadan Khan Road for ease of travel to and fro from the project. It is to be constructed on area reclaimed from the pond, so the cost of land acquisition is minimal. Similarly, there is no adverse environmental impact arising from the construction of the colony, except for the need for a wastewater treatment plant for the effluent. Drawing No. RHP-30 provide layout of the residential colony.
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7.3 BREACHING SECTION OF RASUL BARRAGE
As mentioned in chapter VI, the breaching section of Rasul Barrage is located on the right side of the barrage. The presence of such section has been completely taken into consideration, while planning and designing various structures of the Rasul Hydro Power Project and measures have been taken to ensure that the powerhouse and its appurtenant structures have the same level of safety as the main barrage. Some of the major ones are:
1. The powerhouse is a deeply set, massive reinforced concrete structure boxed in all sides with steel sheet piles and given additional protection by large counter-forted reinforced concrete walls of the inlet and outlet bays. It receives additional protection on its exposed flank by the spur on which the re-aligned Pind Dadan Khan road is located. 2. The right embankments for the head race and tail race channels have been designed to specifications applicable to guide bunds for barrages with stone pitching on the slopes exposed to river flow. 3. The noses of these embankments are specially armored to withstand flood waters. 4. The head race and tail race channels have been concrete lined to reduce the canal prism and thus provide a safe distance to the actual breach point. 5. The robust reinforced concrete construction is more than adequate to withstand any effects caused by setting off of explosives, which are in any case, low in yield.
It may also be pertinent to point out the raising of Mangla Dam has reduced the chances of any catastrophic flood, like 1992, occurring in the Jhelum.
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PROJECT ELECTRO-MECHANICAL DESIGN I RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Project Electro-Mechanical Design
CHAPTER-8 PROJECT ELECTRO-MECHANICAL DESIGN
8.1 HYDRO MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
8.1.1 Selection of Turbine
On the basis of available data and using the TURBNPRO software, in principal two types of Turbines have been considered.
1. Horizontal Kaplan Turbine (Pit) 2. Vertical Kaplan Turbine
Horizontal Kaplan Turbine (Pit)
In this arrangement, the generator is contained within a pit within the upstream water passage. A pit installation has an open-topped bulb, permitting far easier access to the generator. To keep the generator size within reason, there has to be a gear unit to increase generator speed. Gears are not required at runner speeds over about 257 rpm. Downstream of the pit there are the stay vanes, wicket gates, Kaplan runner and finally a conical draft tube. The runner shaft is usually set about one runner diameter below minimum tail water. There is easy access around the turbine unit for maintenance. Also, as with all horizontal shaft units, the runner can be removed for maintenance without removing the generator. These types of turbines provide higher turbine efficiency with reduction in generator size. For maintenance of generator dewatering is not required.
Vertical Kaplan Turbine
These types of turbine are being manufactured by almost all turbine manufacturers of world. Often, they are set with the runner well above normal tail water level; thus avoiding the use of draft tube gates. These can be installed with speed increaser. The turbine head cover is restricted, with insufficient headroom. This is the main limitation with this arrangement, and if possible, it is prudent to increase the height of the generator plinth and length of turbine shaft to provide more room for maintenance access. Maintenance of generator is easy due to better access. The demerit is that removal of the turbine runner requires removal of the generator and speed increaser. These offer shallow foundation as compared to pit or bulb type turbines. The efficiencies are relatively lower as compared to pit type where horizontal axis shaft of runner is directly connected to speed increaser and generator.
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8.1.2 Turbine
Horizontal Kaplan type turbines are considered technically feasible for low head power stations. Kaplan turbine is economical due to comparatively high benefits associated it. Three double regulated Pit Type Kaplan Turbines with plant discharge of 120 m3 / sec and three stainless steel blades have been selected for Rasul Low Head Hydropower Project.
In order to reduce the generator size, speed increaser is recommended between the generator and turbine. This is owing to the fact that the turbines have low speed.
The turbine will be Pit type coupled with generator through a speed increaser. The direction of rotation will be clockwise, when looking towards downstream from generator side of the unit. A thrust bearing will support the rotating weight of the turbine and hydraulic thrust on the turbine runner. Turbine will be designed in order to facilitate dismantling for inspection, cleaning and repairs.
The runner of turbine will comprise three adjustable blades made up of 13:4 Chrome Nickel Stainless Steel, controlled by double acting oil pressure servomotor located inside the runner hub of cast steel. The runner hub is bolted to the downstream end of turbine shaft. Blades shall be designed for disassembling without dismantling parts inside the runner hub. The assembled runner shall be statically balanced. Pressure oil supply to the blade servomotor and position feedback device shall be arranged at the shaft. The runner hub sealing shall prevent any leakage of oil or water. All blade pivots shall be provided with double seals permitting interchange and adjustment of the other seals without dismantling the runner blade. The data relating to turbine is shown in Table 8.1.
Table 8.1 Turbine Data Turbine (Pit type Kaplan Horizontal) Number of Blades 3 Nos (adjustable) Unit Discharge 120 m3/sec Net Head 5.95 m Turbine Speed 125 r.p.m Setting below minimum T.W.L 3 m Turbine Efficiency 91% Max Gross Head 7.8 m Runner Diameter 4.434 m Number of Turbines 3 Minimum Net Head 3.0 m
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8.1.3 Shaft
The shaft will be made of carbon steel alloy forged or welded steel with integrally forged flanges. The turbine shaft is coupled to the generator shaft through a speed increaser. The shaft bearing and their supports will be dimensioned giving sufficient stiffness so that the first critical speed of the rotor system remains at least sufficiently above the turbine runaway speed, under maximum head at most unfavorable combination of blade angle and wicked gate opening. The shaft will be amply dimensioned to operate safely and up to the runaway speed without any undesired vibration and will be free from any defect and fault.
Shaft Seals
A self-adjusting shaft seal of radial flexible slip ring type in combination with pre-labyrinth rings without requirements of filtered lubrication water supply under normal operating condition is provided. Slip rings sealing will be arranged at the runner side shaft flange. Shaft coupling and shaft in contact with air shall be freely accessible. Provision will be provided to ease the replacement of wearing parts. For complete shut off penetrating water leakage, during standstill of the turbine and to enable replacement of shaft sealing without dewatering the turbine, a standstill seal of axial movable type with mechanical locking will be provided. The counter surface of the standstill seal will be non-corrosive material.
8.1.4 Bearings
A main guide bearing of the turbine and the rotational frame bearing of the planetary gear will support the rotational parts of the turbine. The guide bearing will also be used as oil distributor of the runner blades. The supporting part will be a combined sleeves that with the material of Babbitt Alloy in the inner part. There will be two oil pressure conduits connected with the bearing sleeves to provide pressure oil for two runner servomotors. The bearings will also be lubricated by means of the pressure oil.
The thrust bearing will undertake the hydro thrust of the turbine from both directions. The bearing will comprise several thrust pads. The lubrication of the bearing is forced through the cycling oil and cooled by water.
8.1.5 Guide Vane Mechanism
The distributor ring will be of cast steel or welded plate steel and subdivided with sections for dismantling and transport purposes. The ring will be rigid and provide sufficient ribbing to withstand the maximum water pressure and other forces without excessive deformation and vibration.
An adequate number of guide vanes shall be provided to guide the water towards the runner and control the quantity of flow passing through the turbine. The guide vanes will be made
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 8-3 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Project Electro-Mechanical Design up of cast-steel with stems cast in unit, or of shaped plate steel with forged or rolled stems.
8.1.6 Operating Mechanism
Operating mechanism will comprise operating ring, safety element, two servomotors, locking arrangements and associated components. Operating mechanism will be designed to withstand maximum loads to which these components will be subjected under worst operating conditions. The entire operating mechanism will be located outside the machine and easily accessible for inspection, adjustment and repair.
Operating ring will be made up of cast steel or welded steel plate designed and arranged in such a way to ensure easy accessibility to the bearings. The operating ring will be designed to be connected with the operating rod of servomotors. It will slide and be guided on removable plate or rotating rollers positioned on the fixed components.
Hydraulic servomotor, actuated with oil under pressure supplied by the controlled governing system, will be provided and mounted on anchor plates. Servomotors casing and ends will comprise cast iron or cast steel. The piston will be made up of cast iron, cast steel or rolled steel. The servomotor capacity will be so as to ensure correct guide vane operation at all turbine head and load conditions.
8.1.7 Throat Ring
A spherical or semispherical ring will surround the runner. It will be designed for a close running fit to minimize leakage and losses through the units. The discharge ring in one piece is removable and the downstream end is attached to the draft tube liners by means of sliding connection which allows the expansion and contraction between the two pieces. It will be constructed from plate steel with stainless steel overlay or solid stainless steel, in the areas subjected to excessive erosion or cavitations. One inspection hole will be provided.
8.1.8 Draft Tube Liner
The draft tube is provided with a plate steel liner up to the circular cross section. The draft tube liner is stiffened by adequate ribbing and is embedded in the downstream concrete of the powerhouse structure. The upper end of the liner is fitted with a machine curb ring, designed to accept the discharge ring expansion and assembly joint.
8.1.9 Gear Box
Coupling of the turbine with generator is recommended through gear system. The gear system will increase the speed of the generator resulting in the reduction of size, as the increase in speed reduces the number of poles. High speed stage shaft of the planted gears is connected to the main shaft of the generator by a coupler while the low speed stage is
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8.1.10 Governor
The turbine shall be equipped with an electro-hydraulic governor with Oil / Air pressure tank controlling the runner blades and the gate vane mechanism of the turbine.
Starting, synchronizing and stopping of the units will be possible from the main control board in the powerhouse as well as by pushing button in the remote control room.
The turbine discharge will be limited by a water level control system keeping the head water level in a position. Electro hydraulic governor for the regulation of the runner blades and the gate vane mechanism suitable for automatic start up, synchronizing and shut down by push button from the remote control board and oil pressure system with two pumps, each dimensioned to keep alone the turbine air, normal operation.
The governor is recommended to be equipped with the followings:
1. Automatic air make up system 2. Local manual control system 3. Control for the unit brake system 4. Control system for no load gate operation 5. Control system for limiting the run-away speed
8.1.11 Security Devices and Instruments
The unit will be equipped with all essential devices and instruments viz. pressure switch, level indicator, temperature measuring device, vibration indicator, etc, in order to secure and unmanned operation. Any irregularity during operation will be observed visually on the main control board along with an alarm before the normal shut down of the unit is initiated.
8.1.12 Main Cooling System
The main cooling system is required for generator coolers, bearings and block transformers. The maximum inlet temperature should not exceed 30°C. A main pipe leading to the tailrace will collect the heated water. The pipe system includes manual and automatic shut-off valves, thermometers, flow meters and flow relays.
8.1.13 Fire Fighting Equipment
In general, hand held and mobile fire extinguishers will be placed at critical locations. In addition, the power station will be provided with several types of fire hoses. The water for the firefighting system will be taken directly from the headrace. With special fog-spray
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 8-5 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Project Electro-Mechanical Design nozzles, the equipment can even be used for putting out oil fires as well as being operated close to the electrical equipment.
8.1.14 Dewatering and Drainage System
Dewatering of the machine will be carried out by a dewatering pump installed in a pier downstream side of turbine where water will be collected through pipes connected at lowest point in draft tube and intake of the turbine. The water will be pumped into the tailrace.
8.1.15 Ventilation and Air-conditioning System (HVAC)
The power station building will have a forced ventilation system, circulating air through an air inlet down to the turbine floor. Temperature control will be provided water cooled heat exchangers and electrical heaters placed into the outlet shaft.
A fresh air intake will add about 80% fresh air to the re-circulation system. Battery rooms will have their own exhaust air system constantly. The control room will have a separate ventilation system with equipment controlling the air temperature and humidity.
8.1.16 Automization of Barrage Gates
About seven gates of the right under-sluice will be linked with main control room for automatic operation. This arrangement is essential in case of load rejection or plant shut- down due to problem inside or outside of the plant.
8.1.17 Cranes
The powerhouse crane will be a bride crane with a main hoist. This crane will serve to lift and move heavy components during installation, maintenance work and operation. The powerhouse crane capacity has been estimated as 70 tons. There will be one main hoist and one auxiliary hoist of 5 Tons. Besides, a 25 Ton mobile crane for lifting / lowering the stop-logs is also recommended.
8.1.18 Oil Handling Equipment
A centralized oil handling system is not foreseen. Spare and used oil will be stored in ordinary oil drums. The scope of the supply will include equipment taking oil samples, manual and electrical transfer pumps with pipes/house filters including a mobile, high grade- filtering unit with oil separator. The latter can be coupled in parallel to oil systems, including the transformers during the ordinary operation.
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8.2 ELECTRICAL PLANTS
The most important components of the plant include generators, transformers and outdoor switchyard to be connected with the transmission line.
8.2.1 Generators
The generators comprise horizontal shaft synchronous type coupled to the transmission gear and then to the Kaplan turbines. This solution allows easy access to all parts without dismantling other parts first. It also dips the total height of the power house within acceptable limits.
The difference in the nominal speed between the turbine and generator is balanced through a transmission gear. The generator specifications are described in Table 8.2.
Table 8.2 Generator Specifications for Rasul Low Head Hydropower. Project. Description Values
Rated Capacity 6.67 MVA Rated Power 6.0 MW Rated Voltage 11.0 Kv Rated Current 350 A Rated Power Factor Coscp = 0.9 (lagging) Number of Phases 3 Rated Speed 750 rpm Runaway Speed 2271 rpm Rated Frequency 50 Hz Rotation Direction Clockwise Viewed from Upstream End Rated Excitation Voltage 100 V Rated Excitation Current 190 A Way of Cooling Self - Circulation Air Cooling Insulation Class of Stator and Rotor Class F Normal Brake Air Pressure 0.65 - 0.8 MPa Brake Time (Starting from 25% of the Rate Speed) 2 Min
Brake Air Volume About 4 Us
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8.2.2 Excitation
In principle, the static and rotating exciter systems can be used.
In Static excitation system with excitation transformer, controlled rectifier and Automatic voltage controller, the controlled DC current is connected to the field winding through brushed and slip rings. The reaction of the generator output voltage in case of changes is fast. Full reversible excitation voltage is possible and de-excitation can be carried out in a short time.
In rotating excitation, the output voltage is rectified by rotating diodes and connected directly to the field coil of the main generator. This system has many advantages of not having to use brushed and slip rings, but, the requirement of changing two magnetic fields for correction of generator output voltage makes this excitation system slower.
A static excitation system is recommended because of its fast and reliable control/regulation of the excitation voltage.
8.2.3 Transformers
Two 11 / 132 kV, 20 / 26 MVA step-up transformers are proposed. The transformers will located outside and will be equipped with an oil/air cooling system.
The delta connected winding on the primary side will provide a closed circuit for possible third harmonic current origination form the generator. The high voltage winding is Y connected with the neutral point taken out for direct connection to earth. Two 200 KVA, 11 / 0.4 kV transformers will also be installed for station service and auxiliary supply.
8.2.4 132 kV Switchyard (Drawing RHP-030)
The switchyard will be located on the left side of the power house. Generators will be connected to 11 kV Bus-bar through generator circuit breakers. Two 11 kV / 132 kV, 20 / 26 MVA transformer will connect the 11 kV Bus-bar to 132 kV Bus-bar. From 132 kV Bus-bar the power will be transmitted to the nearest Rasul Grid Station at a distance of about 02 km with line differential protection on main and 0/C + E/F as backup.
8.2.5 Others
In addition to the above mentioned equipment, the following item are also to be provided:-
Station Control System
• Local control and synchronizing units for generating units
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• Local control units for the power station auxiliary/station services supply • Local control unit for the 132 kV substation • Manual control • Emergency control • Voltage, current, power and energy measuring instruments • Telecommunication link with National Power Control Centre Islamabad. • 220 V / 110 V DC supply and its connection with 0.4 kV Bus-bar through rectifier. • Lighting in power house, switchyard and colony area.
Miscellaneous Arrangement
• Raw Water Supply System • Station Service Water System • Station Sanitary System • Sewage System • 75 KVA, 0.4 kV Emergency Diesel Generator, supply, installation and connection with 0.4 kV Bus-bar.
8.3 TRANSMISSION LINE AND INTERCONNECTION
Rasul Low Head Hydropower project will be interconnected to the nearest DISCO grid at Mandi Bahauddin (132 kV). The transmission line will be a single circuit 132 kV overhead line about 12 km long. Synchronization with DISCO grid system will be carried out in the powerhouse control room. The powerhouse switchyard is the point of power supply to the DISCO. The energy meter will be installed at the switchyard for measurement of power delivered to the DISCO.
The proposed 132 kV transmission line will be equipped with a directional distance protection system with relays in the DISCO Grid Station and in the powerhouse. A back-up protection at both stations with-directional over current relays is included. Additional lightning arrestors will be installed at the outgoing section of the Hydropower Plant.
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ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS • RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Environmental and Social Aspects
CHAPTER - 9 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS
9.1 INTRODUCTION
9.1.1 Background
The power shortages in the country seriously affected the socio-economic life patterns of the people of Pakistan. It has affected the expansion in industrial base of the country on one hand and growth in agricultural and industrial sectors, on the other. Frequent and constant load-shedding has also impacted the social behaviors. Demand for electricity is a function of number of factors such as population growth, agricultural development and growth in industrial and trade activities. In Pakistan, population is increasing @ 1.92 percent per annum according to 2015 population estimates. The population of the country stood at 191.71 Million persons in 2015. The GDP growth rate in 2014-15 was 4.24 percent as compared with 2.0 percent in 2001-02. The sectoral growth rates for agriculture and manufacturing 2.9 percent and 3.17 percent respectively. This pace of development can only be sustained if the life-line for all these activities, i.e. the electricity is made available to all consumer groups at cheaper rates. Due to non-expansion in the power generation system, particularly the hydropower, the gap in the demand and supply of electricity in the country is increasing day by day.
9.1.2 Institutional Arrangements (Project Proponent)
The Constitution of Pakistan authorizes the provincial governments to undertake activities in the power sector. As such, the Government of the Punjab set up the Punjab Power Development board (PPDB) under Irrigation and Power Department (IPD) in 1995 for development of power projects through private and public sector participation. A Project Management Unit (PMU) also exists, which is responsible for the development of hydel power projects through Government funding.
9.1.3 Scope of Work
The scope of socio-economic and environmental assessment is to conduct studies on all relevant environmental aspects (social, economic, cultural, physical and ecological) of the project in order to determine the requirements of an environmental management plan specifying mitigation measures for dealing with significant effects. The following activities were carried out for the conduct of environmental and social assessment of the project.
• Collection of baseline data on physical, biological and socio-economic environments prevailing in the project area. • Identification of the environmental and social issues relevant to the construction of a hydel power house.
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• Assessment of the impacts of the project on local environments in terms of both quality and quantity. • Suggesting mitigation measures for preventing / minimizing / controlling the adverse impacts. • Recommending enhancement measures for improving the positive impacts. • Formulation of the Environmental Management Plan, if required, for smooth implementation of the project. • Preparation of Short Resettlement Plan (RP) along with the compensation package and grievance redressal mechanism for the affected persons.
9.1.4 Type and Category of Project
According to Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Guidelines, 2002 and the Asian Development (ADB) classification, the project relates to the "Hydropower Sector". According to the ADB categorization, the hydropower development projects fall under category "B" for which initial environmental examination (IEE) study is required, provided that the project has not potential significant negative impacts.
9.1.5 Need for IEE Study
For the sustainability of a development project it is imperative that it should be economically viable, socially acceptable and environmentally sound. Therefore, an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is required to determine whether or not significant environmental impacts warranting an EIA are likely. If an IEE concludes that the project will not have any significant adverse environmental impacts, then the environmental assessment is deemed complete and the IEE is regarded as the final environmental assessment report. According to the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Review of IEE and EIA) Regulations, 2000; an IEE study is required for hydropower generation projects with less than 50 MW capacities. According to the initial environmental screening, the project seems to have no significant negative impacts.
9.1.6 Scope of IEE Study
The scope of the IEE study is to examine the environmental aspects (social, economic, cultural, physical and ecological) of the project, in order to determine the requirements of an environmental management plan specifying mitigation measures for dealing with significant effects. The study has been conducted in accordance with the EIA Guidelines for Energy Sector issued by the Environmental and Urban Affairs Division of the Government of Pakistan; the guidelines of the international donor agencies, and within the provisions of Land Acquisition Act, the Environmental Protection Act and the National and Provincial Conservation Strategy Acts.
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9.2 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK
9.2.1 Policy Framework
After 18th Constitutional Amendment in the Constitution of Pakistan, the Federal Ministry of Environment has been dissolved and subject of environment has been handed over to provinces. EPA Punjab has formulated its own act. The major content of the act is same as of PEPA, 1997. Minor amendments/changes have been made viz.
1. The Name of Act has been changed into "Punjab Environmental Protection (Amendment) Act, 2015". 2. For the words "Federal Government", wherever occur, the word "Government" shall be substituted; 3. For the words "Federal Agency", wherever occur, the words "Provincial Agency" shall be substituted; and 4. For the word "National", wherever occurs, the word "Punjab" shall be substituted.
All the other clauses, sub-clauses, sections and sub-sections are almost same.
9.2.2 Institutional Setup
The Pakistan Environmental Protection Council (PEPC) is the apex decision making body of Pakistan. It was established in 1998, under the provisions of Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA), 1997. It is headed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan with 35 members. Chief Ministers of provinces, Federal Environmental Minister and Provincial Environment Ministers are the members. Similarly environmental protection councils have been formed in all the provinces.
Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak EPA) has been established at the federal level. At the provincial level, Environmental Protection Agencies (EPAs) have been established in all provinces. In case of Punjab province, an independent Environment Protection Department (EPD) has been constituted. The Federal Government had delegated the powers and functions of the Pak EPA to Provincial Governments vide. SROs 1251 (1) to 1254 (1) 98 dated 28 October 1998.
Pak EPA has established the National Environmental Coordination Committee vide SRO 95 (1)/99 dated 24 December 1998. Its Chairman is Director General Pak EPA. Director Pak EPA acts as secretary / member.
9.2.3 Environmental Statutory Provisions
• Pakistan Environmental Protection Ordinance had been enforced in the year 1983. A comprehensive enactment titled PEPA, 1997 was promulgated on 06 December 1997.
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• Pak EPA with prior approval of the PEPC, established and issued NEQS vide Gazette of Pakistan Notification SRO 742 (1) 93 dated 24 August 1993. These were revised and new standards were established in the Gazette of Pakistan as Notification SRO 549/ (1)/2000 of 08 August, 2000. • Pakistan National Conservation Strategy (PNCS), 1992 was prepared jointly by the Federal Ministry of Environment and the Conservation Union (IUCN). It is the basic policy document approved by the Government of Pakistan. It has highlighted 14 core environmental issues in Pakistan and recommended action plans accordingly. • Pakistan became signatory to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1994. Pakistan BAP was prepared in 2000 in accordance with an agreement between the Government of Pakistan and the World Bank under the Global Environmental Facility, for protecting the biological heritage of Pakistan. • To resettle and compensate people displaced by the development projects, the GOP has issued the Project Implementation and Resettlement of Affected Persons Ordinance, 2001. National Resettlement Policy was promulgated in March 2002. Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency has also issued the National Resettlement Policy Implementation Guidelines in October 2002. • International monetary/donor agencies, such as JBIC, the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank have issued guidelines for preparation and submission of IEE and EIA reports. If these guidelines are not adhered to, funds may not be provided for a development project by these agencies.
9.2.4 Legal Framework
The different applicable laws in case of construction of a low head hydro power project are listed below:
• Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, (PEPA) 1997 • West Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority Act, 1958 • Electricity Act, 1910 • Telegraph Act, 1910 • Forest Act, 1927 and Later Amendments • Protection of Trees and Brushwood Act, 1949 • Punjab Local Government Ordinance, 2001 • Land Acquisition Act, 1894 and Later Amendments • Employment of Child Act, 1991 • Antiquities Act, 1975 • Pakistan Penal Code, 1860
9.2.5 Pakistan Environmental Assessment Procedures
Pak EPA has published a set of environmental guidelines for carrying out environmental assessments and the environmental management of different types of development
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• Policy and Procedures for Filing, Review and Approval of Environmental Assessments • Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports • Guidelines for Public Consultation • Guidelines for Sensitive and Critical Areas • Sewerage Scheme Guidelines • The Solid Waste Management Guidelines
9.3 METHODOLOGY
9.3.1 General
The data were collected from the secondary and primary sources. The power house and the allied civil works will be constructed on the government land; hence, no project affected persons (PAPs) were identified. However, 30 respondents from the adjoining village were selected, on random basis, to obtain some idea of the socio-economic life of the people of the area. Before initiating the data collection, an initial screening was carried out to identify the environment and social issues and the perceptions of the people of the area about the project. The findings of the initial assessment were provided in the Initial Environmental and Social Assessment Report. The assessment provided a useful background for planning the data collection and other field activities for conducting the IEE of the Project.
9.3.2 Collection of Secondary Data
The project documents relating to technical aspects were obtained from the Client. Data / information relating to the environmental and social characteristics of the proposed project area was collected from the concerned Local Government Offices, Revenue Department, Agriculture Department, Forest Department, Irrigation Department, Fisheries Department etc. in Jhelum district. The Census Report of Jhelum district was consulted, as well.
9.3.3 Collection of Primary Data
The IEE study required the collection of data / information from the real field settings. To achieve this end, two types of surveys were conducted, as described below.
• Village Profile Survey for the collection of macro level information relating to the existence of socio-economic infrastructure in the villages / rural settlements in the vicinity of the power house. • Socio-economic Survey to develop an overall baseline profile of the people of the area in respect of their socio-economic behaviors and attitudes towards the developmental activity to be carried out in the area.
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Village Profile Survey
The survey was conducted in the adjoining village Marrialah to collect information on socio- agro-economic characteristics of the adjoining area. The information collected through this survey has been used in developing the socio-economic profile of the project area.
Socio-Economic Baseline. Survey
A sample survey in the project area was carried out to develop a socio-economic baseline of the general population in the vicinity of project. For this purpose, 30 households from the adjoining village were included in the sample of the study, on random basis, in addition to PAPs. The survey focused on the following features of the sample population.
• Demographic characteristics • Education and literacy • Nature of business/occupation • Income and expenditure pattern • Housing characteristics and amenities • Value of land • Women role in socio-economic life • Conflict resolution mechanism
9.3.4 Identification of Stakeholders
The stakeholders are defined as those people, departments, communities, NGOs, etc., whose land, business, structures, installations, interests, etc. are affected by the project activities, positively or negatively. Project stake holders are of two types, i.e. primary and secondary. Primary stakeholders are those individuals who are directly affected. The secondary stakeholders are the groups from the civil society, department, local bodies, NGOs, etc. who may be impacted by the project interventions. The following stakeholders were identified in case of Rasul Low Head Hydropower Project.
• Farmers • Land owners (private and official) • Business Community • Gujranwala Electric Supply Company (GEPCO) • Industrial Units • Various Govt. Departments such as Irrigation, Highway, NHA, Local Government, Agriculture, Forest, Telecommunication, etc. • Hospitals and Schools • National Dispatch and Transmission Company (NTDC)
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9.3.5 Public Consultations
The consultations were made with the stakeholders and general public to learn their views and concerns about the proposed development works. The concerns raised by the stakeholders were considered in developing the environmental and social mitigation plan, in order to enhance the Project acceptability for the general public on socio-environmental considerations. The main objectives of the consultation were to provide a collective sense of ownership for key stakeholders, to voice concerns or suggestions to the Project team and to develop a collective sense of ownership for the activities of the Project team.
9.3.6 Assessment of Environmental and Social Impacts
The following factors were considered and analyzed to make an assessment of the impacts of various environmental and social issues (both negative and positive). 1111 • Nature, magnitude or degree of impact • Extent of impact on development work • Time or duration and/or frequency of the impact • Probability of likelihood of the impact occurrence • Importance or sensitivity of the impact.
9.3.7 Impact Scaling
Impact scaling applied to assess the positive or negative impact of each environmental and social issue was +3, +2, and +1 for major impact, for moderate impact and for minor impact, respectively. The respective scales for assessing the negative impacts were -3,-2 and -1.
9.3.8 Preparation of Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP)
On the basis of analysis of data collected through surveys and public consultations, the • assessment of social and environmental issues related to the project design, construction and operation stages was made. These issues were addressed in the environmental and social mitigation plan. Mitigation measures were identified vis-à-vis suggesting the mitigation actions and agencies responsible to undertake these measures. Entitlement Matrix (EM) was developed to provide a mechanism for the payment of compensation for the affected private land/ property.
9.3.9 Environmental and Social Budget
Based on the detailed evaluation of the environmental and resettlement issues, the costs of Environmental Management and Resettlement Plans have been worked out.
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9.4 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE
The detailed baseline information on physical, biological and socio-economic environments of the Project site and its surroundings is provided in Volume - 4 of the Feasibility Report (IEE Report). The main features are provided as follows.
9.4.1 Physical Environments
• The project is located on the right bank of Rasul Barrage. This area falls in the revenue boundaries of patwar circle Dara Pur, mouza Marialah, tehsil and district Jhelum. • Geographically Jhelum is divided into three regions, namely riverine, the upland and the plateau. Each of these is made up of a number of parallel ridges. Generally after an interval of every 16 km these two main lines of hills bound in towards one another. Then they again separate, again run parallel and unite. • Significant geological feature of the project area is the alluvium deposit brought down by River Jhelum. Depth of such deposits may vary upto several thousand m and are of Pleistocene (50,000 years) to Recent (few hundred years) origin. • River Jhelum forms creeks, channels and basins depending on the quantum and pattern of flow and sediment load. This phenomenon leads to development of active / recent flood plains, sub-recent flood plains and terraces. Accordingly the soils formed are sandy, silt loam / fine sand and calcareous / fine textured respectively. • The project area does not fall in seismically active zone. • Total area of Marialah village is 2128 acres. Being located in the sub-mountainous zone of the district, on the right bank of Jhelum river, no canal network exists in this part of the district and cultivation of crops is made through lift pumps, tube wells and natural streams. • The lands of the project site are subject to inundation and seepage from the river particularly in the rainy and flood seasons. • The project area is cultivated, therefore, no natural habitats are found. • There is no mining activity in the project area. • River Jhelum is the main river in the area. It frequently meanders. The other main source of surface water is the streams. The area is thinly populated. No industry is installed in the project corridor. Thus, the water is of satisfactory quality for irrigation and domestic use. • Depth of water table in the project area varies from 1.5 to 3 m. Because of non existence of any polluting source, the ground water is fit for irrigation and drinking purposes. • Generally the area is well drained. The natural drainage features of the districts are characterized by rivers and streams. • The pond area of Rasul Barrage is the major wetland in the area. • Fishing is done in the River Jhelum both for commercial and domestic purposes. There are no fish ponds in the area. • The project area is subjected to inundation and seepage in rainy and flood seasons. The area is well drained, therefore, no salinity is observed.
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• Rasul Barrage is a very attractive tourist place and very fine picnic spots can be developed here. The people are loving, accommodating and cooperative with the visitors and tourists. This place gives a good view of the river and the barrage. • Climate is extremely hot in summer and cold in winter. The average rain fall varies from 48 to 69 centimeters per annum. Floods are frequent in the Jhelum River. • There exist no industrial units or other air polluting sources in the vicinity of the project area. The volume of traffic on Rasul-Jhelum-Pind Dadan Khan road is no enough to cause air pollution.
9.4.2 Biological Environments
• Vegetation of the forests of Jhelum is comprised of dry deciduous shrub type. Phulai, Dau, Kikar and Sanatha are the main species. The stocking on the whole is poor and the forests are open with right of grazing and firewood. • There are no forests in the project area except the natural plantation in the bed and along banks of River Jhelum. • The fauna of the district is indigenous, like the vegetation, but at the same time, varied and interesting. Urial and chinckara are sport aids while wild pigs are found in the Salt Range. Wolves, foxes and wild cats are also found. Hare is fairly common. Among birds, Chikor, grey and black partridge, peacocks, green parrots, owls and myna are found in the parts of the district. Migratory ducks like teal pintail, mallard and some geese visit during winter particularly in the reverine areas. • Fishing is carried out in the Jhelum River both for commercial and domestic purposes. Rahu, Thaila, Mori, Mullee, Khagga and Sanghara are the commonly caught species. There are no fish ponds in the area. • There are no significant plant species of medicinal value in the area. • There are no plant and animal species which are endangered. The existing ecosystems are favorable for survival of biodiversity.
9.4.3 Socio-Economic Environment
• The proposed project is located in the boundaries of village Mariallah in District Jhelum. Rasul Barrage which is a tourist spot, as well, is located just about 12 km from Jalalpur Sharif, 30 km from Pind Dadan Khan, 40 km from Jhelum and 8 km from Mandi Bahauddin. • The project area falls in Marialah village of Darapur pitwar circle / qanugo halqa (the term halqa denotes a revenue territory) in Jhelum tehsil. • Jhelum district has an efficient communication network. All tehsil headquarters, major towns and villages are connected through metaled roads. Being situated on the G.T Road (N-5), the district is directly connected with all the major cities of the country. • The main Peshawar-Lahore-Karachi railway line passes through the district. Jhelum has the air link through Islamabad / Rawalpindi international airport, which is only at one hour driving distance.
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• Other facilities like telephone, mobile phone services and postal services are also available throughout the district. The communication details and project accessibility are shown in drawings. • The project area lacks educational facilities. There are only two primary schools in Marialah village, one for boys and one for girls. The high school level education facilities for boys are available in the nearby settlement of Darapur, at a distance of about 07 km on Jhelum Road. The other nearest centre with high school and college level facilities is the Mandi Bahauddin, at a distance of about 8 km from the project area. • The area is deficient in health care facilities. Only one basic health unit is available in the village. There exists no mother and child health care (MCH) or rural health centers (RHCs) in the village. The nearest RHC is at Darapur, at a distance of about 07 km. Absence of any maternity home or female doctor or nurse results into complications for female patients. Similarly, the patients have to go to Mandi Bahauddin or Jhelum in case of emergencies. But on the other hand, transport facilities for shifting patients to cities in case of emergency are also lacking. • Population of Mariallah village, according to 1998 Census report was 1427 persons. The average household size is 6.5 persons. • The population generally is comprised of Jats, Mughals, Awans, Rajput and Syeds. • Women observe the purdah etiquette, i.e. they remain secluded from outsiders. They do participate in agricultural and livestock related activities. • Punjabi is the major language of people of the area. Urdu is the official written language and is also spoken and understood everywhere. • The project area is rural in nature. The population density of Mariallah village comes to 200 persons per km2, based on 1998 census data. • Out of total area of 2128 acres, about 37 percent is cultivated area while the remaining 63 percent of the area is regarded as uncultivated area. The uncultivable area constitutes the forest and wastelands. • The cropping intensity in the area works out to be 90 percent. The general cropping pattern includes wheat, rice and fodder crops. • The area lacks in good quality socio-economic infrastructure and ancillary facilities necessary for the development of an industry. People generally tend to go abroad to earn their livelihood. • The project area lacks in basic social amenities like gas, water supply, sewerage and health care. Electricity was available to about 89 percent of the households. However, majority of the people showed their dissatisfaction about the quality of services provided. • The survey has revealed that participation rate of women in various socio-economic activities in the project corridor is generally high, almost 100 % in case of household activities, child caring and carrying out social obligations. Their participation rate in case of farm activities, livestock rearing, sale & purchase of property and local representation stood at 85%, 90%, 65% and 25%, respectively. • The main occupations of the sample population were found as farming, service (government & private) and working as laborer. The per capita per day income ranges from Rs.40 to Rs.106 for the main occupational groups.
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• The analysis reveals that people involved in farming were earning at par with the official poverty line whereas the servicemen were earning above this line. The laborers, however, were found vulnerable in economic terms, living below the poverty line with a big gap in their incomes as compared with the official poverty line.
9.4.4 Estimation of Project Losses
• The project will not have adverse impacts on the physical, biological and social environment to a large extent. No privately owned land, structure or asset will be affected by the project; hence, no Project Affected Persons (PAPs) have been identified. Only minor to moderate impacts are envisaged during construction and operation stages. • Acquisition of about 91 acres of land will be required on the project. All the land proposed for the project belongs to Irrigation Department, through XEN, Rasul Barrage. • About 6149 non-fruit trees will need removal from the RoW of power channel and from the site proposed for other civil works. The details are provided in the Volume-4 of the feasibility report.
9.4.5 Existence of Sensitive Areas
The pond created by Rasul Barrage is the main wet land in the vicinity of the project. Apart from this, there exist no sensitive areas in and around the project such as national parks, areas for ethnic minorities, sites of cultural heritage, site of historical value, etc.
9.4.6 Existence of Sensitive Characteristics
There exists no impact bearing sensitive characteristics except tree cutting from the RoW of power channel and from the site proposed for other civil works, for which ample budgetary provisions has been made for compensatory plantation in the surrounding areas.
9.4.7 Scale of Sensitive Characteristics
The sensitive characteristics relating to the project will be of site specific and in limited scale. No resettlement issues are expected to arise.
9.4.8 Indigenous and Vulnerable Persons and Female Headed Households
No indigenous persons or female-headed household were identified in the project corridor.
9.4.9 Cultural, Religious, Archaeological and Historical Sites
No mosques and graves will be affected due to implementation of the proposed Project. Similarly, no archaeological and historical sites were observed in the vicinity of project corridor.
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9.5 IDENTIFICATION OF STAKEHOLDERS AND PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS
• Identification of project stakeholders was made and small scale consultations with these stakeholders were carried out, as required vide the ADB guidelines for carrying out an IEE study. The outcome of this process has been described in this section. • Project stake holders are of two types, i.e. primary and secondary. Primary stakeholders are those individuals, groups of people or departments whose land, business, structures, installations, etc. are directly affected by the project activities, positively or negatively. The secondary stakeholders are the groups from the civil society, department, local bodies, NGOs, etc. who may be impacted by the project interventions. • A limited scale public consultation process was carried out with the identified stakeholders of the project. The objective of this process was to i) share information with stakeholders, on proposed works and expected impact on the physical, biological, and socio-economic environment of the project and inform them about the objectives and salient features of the project, especially those features which could affect them, ii) understand stakeholders, concerns regarding various aspects of the project, including the existing condition of the power availability in the area and the likely impact of construction-related activities and operation of the project, iii) identify any specific problems (such as vulnerable communities), iv) share ideas for an environment and social friendly management of the project, v) obtain local knowledge and wisdom relevant to the project, vi) increase social acceptability and public confidence in the project, and vii) gain information about any other schemes or plans of other departments in the area. • The main concerns raised and suggestions documented during the public consultations process are provided in IEE Report.
9.6 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION
The assessment of environmental and social impacts is precisely aimed at identification of possible negative and positive environmental and social impacts including opportunities for positive impact enhancement. The impacts expected at different stages of the Project activities are summarized as under and detailed discussions are provided in Volume - 4 of the feasibility report.
9.6.1 EIA during Pre-Construction Stage
During its pre-construction stage, the project will not make any negative social or environmental impacts.
The incidence of natural hazard like earthquake is not expected in the Project area, according to the Seismic Zone Map of Pakistan prepared by Geological Survey of Pakistan.
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As a precautionary measure an earthquake proof design will be developed so that little or no intensification of the basic accelerations associated with the frequency spectrum of the seismic disturbance is encountered. No impact is expected.
9.6.2 EIA during Construction Stage
At its construction stage, the project will cause some negative impacts. These impacts, however, will be of temporary nature and will be mitigated by adopting mitigation measures as suggested in the EMP. These probable impacts are listed as follows.
• Air Pollution due to Movement of Vehicles and Machinery • Noise and Vibration due to Movement of Vehicles and Machinery • Deterioration of Surface and Ground Water Resources due to Project Activities and Sanitary Wastes from Workers' Camps • Disruption of Traffic due to Movement of Heavy Machinery and construction of Power Channel • Sewage and Solid Waste Disposal from Field Camps and Work Sites • Short-term Soil Erosion and Silt Run-off due to Construction Activities • Soil Contamination due to Construction Materials • Risk of Oil Spills from Vehicles / Machinery • Impact on Land Use • Impacts on Flora • Impacts on Fauna
9.6.3 EIA during Operation Stage
During its operation stage, the following impacts will be expected.
• Soil Erosion and Silt Run-off from the Banks of Power Channel • Risk of Fire Incidents in the Power House • Type of Oil Used in the Transformers • Leakage and Seepage of Transformer Oil • Noise from Transformers
9.6.4 Assessment of Negative Socio-Economic Impacts
The implementation of the project will cause a few socio-economic impacts, which are described below:
• Cutting of Trees
About 6149 trees will need cutting from the Power House site. This will be on involuntary basis, causing a major negative impact. This impact will be mitigated, by carrying out
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■ Health Hazards
Health hazards caused due to noise and air pollution during construction phase not only affect the workers but also the people living / working in the adjoining areas. Temporary minor negative impacts are expected during the construction stage, which will disappear with the completion of the project works.
■ Safety
The workers and the residents in the vicinity of power house and transmission lines are prone to hazards of high voltage. The impact will be minor negative. The impact will be mitigated by providing safety wall around the power house and safe horizontal and vertical clearance, in case of connecting transmission lines.
■ Gender Issues
The rural women normally actively participate in various out door socio-economic activities such as livestock rearing, bringing of potable water, etc which may be affected by the project activities. The induction of outside labor may create social and gender issues due to the unawareness of local customs and norms. It will also cause hindrance to the mobility of local women for working in the field, herding livestock, picking fuel wood, etc. The impact will be temporary moderate negative.
9.6.5 Assessment of Positive Socio-Economic Impacts
■ Electric Supply
The construction of power house will play an important role in improving the existing power supply situation, not only in existing areas but also will supply electricity to many new areas. The beneficiaries will be the general public, women, students, commercial area and industries. With the firm and assured power supplies, it is anticipated that there will be an increase in the business activities, generation of more job opportunities, and increase in income and improvement in quality of life of the people. The impact will be major positive.
■ Socio-economic Activities
During construction stage, the local people will find more business opportunities to accommodate the needs of the outside labor / people, engaged on the project. This will cause a positive increase in the income of the local people. The impact will be minor positive.
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• Employment
During its construction stage, the Project will provide job opportunities to engineers, technical supporting staff and locally available skilled / unskilled labor force. On its completion, more jobs opportunities on regular basis for the operation and maintenance staff will be created. The impact will be moderate positive.
• Enhancement in Irrigated Area
Due to its geographical location, the major portion of the cultivated area, around the project is tube wells irrigated. With the increased power supply, the farmers will install more tube wells which will result in enhanced cropping intensities and crop production levels. The impact will be major positive.
• Industrial Development
With the increased power supply, the pace of industrial development will gain momentum creating a major positive impact.
9.6.6 No Impacts Situation
• Indigenous People / Vulnerable Groups
During the field surveys no indigenous people / vulnerable groups have been found. The consequent impact is nil.
• Aesthetic Value
The power house will be constructed according to the latest state of the art and T/L will pass through the vegetation covered areas. Therefore, these do no impair the natural scenic value.
9.6.7 Mitigation Measures
During the assessment process the nature and quantum of negative impacts had been identified. With a view to minimize/reduce/control these impacts, mitigation measures are suggested in the IEE Report, along with the implementing agencies.
9.6.8 ESA Procedure
• The following factors have been taken into consideration for the assessing the impacts relating to various environmental and socioeconomic issues.
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■ For evaluation of environmental impacts a sampling scaling procedure was used to measure the impact of each issue. Numerals of +3, +2, +1 were assigned for major, moderate and minor beneficial impact, respectively. Similarly, the numerals —3, -2 and — 1 were assigned to adverse impacts. The numeral "0" was assigned to the issue, which remained unaffected, i.e. no significant impact from the Project activity. The overall goal of the Project is to ensure environmentally sound and sustainable bio-physical and socio-economic developments. ■ The projected environmental impacts relating to different Project stages are evaluated and provided in the IEE Report.
9.7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN (EMMP)
9.7.1 Introduction
The EMMP provides mechanism to address the adverse environmental and social impacts of the project during its execution, to enhance project benefits and to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for all project works. For each expected impact, the EMMP requires the following information:
• A comprehensive listing of mitigation measures. • The institutions responsible for ensuring the implementation of the actions. • The socio-environmental issues and parameters to be monitored in order to ensure effective implementation. • A time scale for implementation of the objectives of the mitigations.
9.7.2 Objectives of EMMP
The objectives of the EMMP are to:
• Define the responsibilities of project functionaries like Irrigation Department, S2 Hydro Limited, Supervision Consultants and the Contractor. • Identify the monitoring parameters • Design the monitoring mechanism • Facilitate the implementation of mitigation and enhancement measures • Specify the training requirements, target groups, curricula and trainers. • Take timely action in case of an unexpected situation
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• Support smooth implementation of project with minimum losses to environmental and social infrastructure • Ensure compliance with national and international agencies obligations
9.7.3 Proposed Environmental and Social Management Actions
The details of environmental and social issues, environmental impacts, proposed mitigation actions and timings, agencies responsible for execution of proposed actions during various stages of project execution are given in Table 8-1, Volume - 4.
9.7.4 Environmental and Socio-Economic Monitoring Plan
Monitoring denotes the checking and assessment of the status of project activities, on a regular basis, during all stages of project development. It helps in timely identification, analysis and removal of the bottlenecks and expediting actions. It is a tool to serve the interests of the project planners, executors and operation managers, as they share the common concern for timely corrective measures.
Objectives of Monitoring Plan
Overall objectives of socio-economic and environmental monitoring plan are to:
• Identify and assess socio-economic and environmental status and trends continuously • Act as an early warning system, by identifying any sudden socio-economic and environmental deterioration that needs to be countered. • Afford effective socio-economic and environmental surveillance and to provide reliable information upon which continued socio-economic and environmental management of the project can be updated and refined. • Identify and recommend time-specific detailed socio-economic and environmental post- evaluation at ESA level. • Assess effectiveness of the mitigation and enhancement measures and to take prompt decisions on any additional measures. • Ascertain the nature and extent of impacts, which were uncertain at the time of IEE / EIA study and to allow suitable mitigation measures to be formulated.
9.7.5 Performance Indicators
The monitoring will be a continuous activity and will be managed by the Project Engineer in coordination with the Managing Director, Punjab Power Development Board (PPDB). Three types of monitoring activities including Compliance Monitoring, Effects Monitoring and External Monitoring will be undertaken.
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9.7.6 Monitoring Responsibility
The MD, PPDB, Energy Department, Govt. of Punjab will be the overall responsible for the implementation of monitoring plan. The Effects and Compliance monitoring will be the responsibility of the Supervision Consultant of the Project. The Supervision Consultant will employ a full time Environmentalist or Socio-Economist for these tasks. For external monitoring, an Independent Monitoring Consultant will be employed by the Client. The MD, PPDB, Energy Department will arrange hiring of such a Consultant.
9.7.7 Environmental Monitoring Mechanism
Most of the environmental monitoring will be carried out visually. For instrumental monitoring of ambient air quality, noise, vehicular emissions, water and wastewater analysis; the services of some competent and reliable environmental laboratory would be hired from the market. A budgetary provision of Rs. 2.00 million has been made in the budget, on lump sum basis. The details are provided in Table 8-2, Volume - 4.
9.7.8 Socio-Economic Monitoring
The social monitoring will be a continuous activity and will be managed by the Project Engineer through the Supervision Consultants. The supervision consultants will employ a full time socio-economist for this purpose. The Compliance Monitoring and Effects Monitoring will be carried out regularly and discussed in the fortnightly review meetings. The Project Engineer will provide the findings of monitoring activities in the Monthly Progress Report regularly, with details of the issues and the mitigation measures adopted under Grievance Redressal Mechanism (GRM). The Project Engineer will ensure that the project functionaries carry out the following activities transparently.
• Identification of the public facilities and utilities needing relocation. • Identification of suitable relocation sites. • Provision of alternate route by the contractor for the uninterrupted flow of traffic. • Recording any dispute among the project labor or between the labor and the local people with all details and actions. • Recording and addressing the concerns of the local people in respect of their accessibility problems by the contractor. • Progress in respect of compensatory plantation. • Ensure proper arrangements/ actions for the control of dust, smoke and noise.
9.7.9 Monitoring Parameters / Indicators
The following parameters will be considered in carrying out the social monitoring.
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• Number and nature of consultations carried out, as well as targeted stakeholders • Record of any problems relating to the mobility of the people during construction. • Number of grievances recorded and redressed • Key issues of conflict between local people and the contractors during construction of project. • Number of public facilities and utilities to be relocated • Proper and effective implementation of TMP.
9.7.10 Communication and Documentation
The Supervision Consultants / Project Engineer will submit monthly reports to MD, (PPDB), Energy Department, Govt. of Punjab. After necessary review of the report the MD, (PPDB) will submit the report to the Secretary, Energy Department, for his approval. The MD, (PPDB) will intimate the action by the Secretary Energy Department, to the Project Engineer for information and required necessary actions.
9.7.11 Capacity Building / Training Programme
The training / capacity building programme is suggested to improve the information level and capabilities of the project functionaries to implement the actions vide the EMMP. The programme will be devised, and implemented by the environmental and social expert, who will be employed for External Monitoring. S2 Hydro Limited will provide all logistic and financial arrangements, as required in this respect. No separate costs for this activity are allocated in the budget.
9.7.12 Traffic Management Plan (TMP)
• During the construction of grid station and stringing of transmission lines, there is movement of vehicles carrying the materials, equipment and machinery. This entails the increased traffic density and ensuing disruption of human activities. With a view to continue with the routine life operations it is imperative to regulate the flow of traffic. • The construction of the proposed power house is to be carried out at the right bank of the Rasul Barrage. The power channel will cross the Rasul-Jhelum-Pind Dadan Khan Road. It is an important inter-district road. Additional movement of vehicles and heavy machinery involved in the construction activities of the proposed project will cause traffic blocking resulting in localized conflict relating to inconvenience in living conditions of the people. The situation requires a proper management of local and through traffic on the road while the construction work is in progress. This necessitates that an alternative route (a diversion type) should be provided by the contractor for the smooth flow of the traffic. At section of the road, falling within the RoW of power channel, the contractor will provide an alternative route for the normal flow of traffic. The contractor will make diverted route before taking up the works at this section of the power channel. The site for this diversion will be approved by the Project Engineer. The contractor will prepare
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traffic management plan and get it approved from the Project Engineer. The traffic will be regulated by posting flagmen at the both ends of the road, one at the Mandi Bahauddin side of Rasul Barrage and the other near Marialah village, at the juncture of Jhelum-Pind Dadan Khan Road. Should there be need of police force to regulate the traffic; the contractor will approach local administration. The Client will extend assistance in this regard, if required. • Total cost of TMP is about Rs. 2.00 million. This amount excludes the cost of construction of alternate diversion road. These costs will be a part of the project base costs.
9.7.13 Compensatory Plantation
About 6149 trees will need removal for the construction of power house and allied facilities, as per details provided in Table 5-9, Volume - 4 of the IEE Report. Compensatory plantation at a ratio of 1:5 has been suggested to offset the negative impacts.
9.7.14 Environmental and Social Management Cost
Costs have been worked out for the implementation of Environmental Management & Monitoring Plan (EMMP) and management of mitigation & enhancement measures which will be spread over the various stages of the project. The budgetary requirements for these environmental and social hazards work out to be about Rs.9.3 million, as provided in Table 8-3, Volume - 4.
9.7.15 Grievance Redressal Mechanism (GRM)
■ Need for GRM
The IEE Study identifies the socio-environmental issues relating to the implementation of selected works of the Project and suggests mitigation measures to address these issues in terms of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Short Resettlement Plan (SRP). However, in spite of best efforts, there is every chance that the individuals / communities affected by the project are dissatisfied with the measures adopted to address the adverse impacts of the project. Keeping in view the findings of the ESA baseline study, it is anticipated that the nature of such complaints will relate to local conflicts between the project functionaries and the local people. In this situation addressing the grievances of the aggrieved at the root level will ensure the timely and successful implementation of the project. It will also provide a public forum to the aggrieved to raise their objections and through conflict resolution, address these issues adequately. The main functions of the GRM will be as follows: o To provide a mechanism to the aggrieved persons on problems arising as a result of project activities,
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 9-20 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Environmental and Social Aspects o To facilitate the recording of the grievances of the aggrieved, categorize and prioritize the grievances that need to be resolved. o To ensure reporting to the aggrieved parties about the developments regarding their grievances and the decision of the project authorities. o To ensure that the GRM provide a solution of the grievances.
■ Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC)
A GRC will be formed to address the matters effectively at the grass root level. The Committee will be headed by the Project Engineer (or Project Director, whatever the designation may be), a representative of the Supervision Consultants as its official members; and a person from the communities, as its non-official member. The non-project person should be a representative of the communities and should be regarded as impartial and non-disputed person.
■ Social Complaint Register (SCR)
Under the GRM, the concerned XEN Construction, supported by the Construction Supervision Consultant, will maintain the SCR at the work site to document all complaints received from the individuals and the local communities. The information recorded in the Register will include date of the complaint, particulars of the complainant, description of the grievance, actions to be taken, the person responsible to take the action, follow up requirements and the target date for the implementation of the mitigation measure. The register will also record the actual measures taken to mitigate these concerns. The SCR will be reviewed during the fortnightly / meetings at the site. The progress on the remedial actions will also be reviewed during the regular review meetings.
■ Time Frame
On the receipt of a complaint, the XEN concerned through staff in coordination with the Consultants, will register it and forward it to the GRC. The Committee will review the matter keeping in view its nature and suggest a remedial action within three days. If considered necessary, the Committee will consult the complainant as well. Once the Committee decides the remedial action, the Project Engineer will implement it within a week. The decision will be documented in the SCR, with complete details as discussed above. If due to any reasons, the decision could not be implemented, the reasons will also be documented. The proposed remedial action will be shared with the complainant. Similarly, the actual action taken will also be documented in the SCR and shared with the complainant. The complainant's views on the remedial action taken will also be documented in the Register. All the proceedings of the GRC will be intimated to MD, (PPDB), Energy Department, Government of Punjab, for information and approval of action taken. In case the matter remains unresolved, it will be sent to MD, (PPDB), who will decide the matter within 7 days after a thorough review and his decision will be final.
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9.7.16 Consultation Strategy
A continued process of keeping the stakeholders informed and receiving their feedback at various stages of project implementation will provide a good measure to improve the social acceptability of the project and also will ensure the participation of the stakeholders in the process of project development. Public consultations will be made at each stage of the project, i.e. design, construction and operation. A description of these consultations along with issues to be discussed and target participants is provided in the IEE Report.
9.8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The present IEE study has been conducted for environmental and social assessment of the impacts caused due to construction of proposed low head hydropower project at Rasul Barrage. The relevant laws, rules, regulations and guidelines of the Government of Pakistan and the ADB guideline have been followed while preparing the study.
9.8.1 Conclusions
The findings of the IEE study are furnished as follows.
• The pond created by Rasul Barrage is the main wet land in the vicinity of the project. The project will not exert any negative impacts on the bio-diversity of this wet land. Apart from this, there exist no sensitive areas in and around the project such as national parks, areas for ethnic minorities, sites of cultural heritage, site of historical value, etc. • There exists no impact bearing sensitive characteristics except tree cutting from the RoW of power channel and from the site proposed for other civil works, for which ample budgetary provisions has been made for compensatory plantation in the surrounding areas. • The sensitive characteristics relating to the project will be of site specific and in limited scale. No resettlement issues are expected to arise. • No indigenous persons or female-headed household, being affected by the project, were identified. • No mosques and graves; and sites of archaeological and historical importance will be affected due to implementation of the proposed Rasul Low Head Hydropower Project. • The Environmental and Social Management cost works out to be about Rs. 9.3 million.
■ Project Negative Impacts o The construction stage will face a few negative impacts in form of dust, smoke and noise on account of deployment of vehicles, machinery and equipment. The generation of construction waste, solid waste and oil spills/seepage will have negative impacts on land and air resources. All such impacts are temporary and are of minor nature. The
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mitigation measures have been suggested in the EMMP. o The project operation phase will come across issues such, as leakage/seepage of transformer oil, generation of noise from transformers and waste management. These are reversible impacts and accordingly mitigation measures have been given in the EMMP. o About 6149 shade trees will need removal, from the RoW of the power channel and the site proposed for allied civil works.
■ Major Positive Impacts
The major positive impacts of the Low Head Hydropower Project at Rasul Barrage are given as under:
o The Project will not pose any resettlement or relocation issues. The land proposed for the project belongs to Irrigation Department, Government of Punjab. o Significant improvement in reliability and stability of electric supply system is envisaged. o The operation of the project will result in improving the power supply and voltage profile. o The project will help in reducing the unemployment situation. More jobs will be created for the locals at construction stage. o There will be an increase in the socio-economic activities. o There is insignificant environmental damage to local land, water and biological resources.
9.8.2 Recommendations
In view of the above mentioned conclusions of the IEE study, the following recommendations are made.
• Compensatory plantation should be carried out in lieu of removed trees, at suitable sites. • The diversion road should be constructed for the smooth and uninterrupted flow of traffic at Rasul-Jhelum-Pind Dadan Khan Road, during the construction of power channel. • The access of the residents to their farms should not be affected on permanent basis. • The provisions of the EMMP should be implemented in letter and spirit. • The EMMP will be part of the project contract documents.
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CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
0 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Construction Planning
CHAPTER -10 CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
10.1 GENERAL
The Rasul Low Head Hydropower Project is proposed to be constructed along the right bank of Rasul Barrage on Jhelum River. The project area is located on the right bank of Rasul Barrage. The head race and the power house are at a distance of 370 m away from the right pocket of the Barrage. The power house is estimated to have an installed capacity of 18 MW and an annual energy output of 94.85 GWh. The power house including service bay has a length of 63 m and width of 52.7 m. The total length including upstream and downstream concrete floors is 111 m. The designed foundation level is fixed at EL 199.96 whereas the top elevation of the powerhouse is at 236.85 m. The head race comprises trapezoidal cross- section having total length of approximately 428.9 m and a bed width of 75 m. The tail race comprising trapezoidal cross-section has a length of approximately 384.4 m and a bed width of 73 m.
The whole construction area is plain with no extension problem. It allows therefore, to locate the required camps, workshops, offices, mixing plants, stores etc. very close to the construction site. Due to the large size of the project area, the organizational set up and the work for the three main sections of the project viz. Head Race, Powerhouse and Tail Race can be commenced simultaneously, independently and without any disturbance.
This section comprises the description and evaluation of the construction planning for Rasul Low Head Hydropower Project. The main emphasis is given to presentation of the proposed construction schedule, construction techniques and construction machinery to be used for a proposed construction period of 32 months. The construction schedule is based on the proposed construction methods and equipment adequate for the implementation of the project.
10.2 SITE ACCESS FACILITIES
Various means of transportation and communication to access the project area are discussed in the following sub sections:
10.2.1 Railways
There is no direct railway link to the project site, however, the barrage located about 8-km from the city Mandi Bahauddin has railway link with Lahore, Rawalpindi and Karachi sea port.
10.2.2 Access Roads (Drawing No. RHP-002)
The project area is located in District Jhelum along the right Bank of Rasul Barrage and
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10.2.3 Airports
Sialkot International Airport, Benazir International Airport, Islamabad and Allama lqbal International Airport, Lahore are located at almost equal distance (200 km) from the project area. However, Allama lqbal International Airport, Lahore is the most convenient considering the project execution. National and international flights are scheduled from these airports.
10.3 LAND REQUIREMENT
The project land is owned by the Government of Punjab, the Client. Approximately 92 acres of land will be required for the project. 47.80 Acres land will be utilized for the construction of Headrace, Tailrace and Powerhouse. The remaining 44.2 Acres of land allocated to construct residential colony for the 0 & M staff of the Powerhouse, Grid station, offices, workshops, stores and contractor / consultant camps.
The land will be transferred as per prevailing rules and regulations by the Government.
10.4 DETAILED DESIGN, TENDER DOCUMENTS AND TENDERING
Technical specifications and tender documents required for the project will be prepared by the Consultant. Field surveys, technical studies (i.e. Detailed Design) and tender document preparation will be taken up in parallel with the feasibility study approval. During the detailed design stage, model studies, additional field investigations and hydraulic studies are also foreseen. These studies include the following:
1. Drilling of two additional boreholes at the powerhouse site 2. Additional field geotechnical investigations such as SPT, permeability testing and collection of samples 3. Additional laboratory testing for foundation soils, ground water and construction materials 4. Hydraulic Model Studies
The expected time to complete detailed design, bidding documents, technical and financial evaluations and award of the contact is as under:
Detailed Design including Additional Investigations and Model Studies 7 months Selection of Consultant and Construction Contractor 5 months Total 12 months
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10.5 CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
10.5.1 Planning Considerations
The project construction is estimated to be completed in 32 months. The construction planning of the project is based on the following considerations:
1) No interference with regulation of Rasul barrage during and after the project construction 2) No adverse effect to the existing Barrage Structures 3) Regular supply to off-taking channels during project construction and after the project completion. 4) No obstruction in traffic movement on the barrage and connecting roads during construction of the project.
10.5.2 Construction Sequence (Drawing No. RHP-034)
The work of all the project components shall be commenced simultaneously. For construction purpose, the project is divided into three phases viz. Phase-1 (11 months), Phase-2 (13 months) and Phase-3 (8 months). The detail of various activities is described in the following sub sections:
10.6 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
10.6.1 Site Installation and Mobilization
The site installation is the first important stage of construction planning. It deals with the mobilization of all machinery required for the construction works, electric and water supplies to office and equipment, construction of repair and maintenance workshops, stores for spare parts and materials, administration and planning offices, concrete mixing plant, aggregates processing plants, reinforcement bending yard, carpenter's yard, storage yards for fuel, reinforcement steel and wood. The area for these items shall be located in the proximity of the construction site and organized in order to avoid disturbance to the construction program implementation. All these facilities will be located on right side of the proposed powerhouse.
The camps for the work force including supervisory and support staff responsible for execution, operation and maintenance purpose. The facilities including mosque, offices, shops and stores etc. will be situated in the area near by the project. The existing Jhelum- Mandi Bahauddin Road will be used as means of communication between the camp and the construction site up to the barrage. However, access road will be constructed to approach Head Race, Power House and Tail Race construction areas. These facilities will be constructed on permanent basis and after the project completion they will be utilized by 0 & M Staff.
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The sequence of work to be carried out determines the planning and organization of the site installation.
For Rasul HPP, the construction of powerhouse and excavation of head and tailrace will commence simultaneously. Therefore, installation of equipment required for the erection of dewatering system, diaphragm wall and execution of earthwork has to be undertaken immediately and will be the first item to be mobilized.
The reinforcement bending yard and the carpenter's yard including the storage yards will be erected during the final stage of excavation of the powerhouse pit. The erection of these yards shall be completed simultaneously with the completion of the powerhouse pit for starting the concrete works of the powerhouse. Besides, the concrete mixing plant and the aggregates processing plant shall be erected, and will be located in the same area in the vicinity of the powerhouse pit, to avoid excessive haulage of the material.
The parking area for the heavy earthwork machinery viz. trucks, scrapers, dozers, dredgers including repair and maintenance workshops are proposed on the same side. This location will also be used for parking, repairing and storing of equipment, for special construction including sheet piling and woven filter medium.
The soil conditions at the site are favorable for the construction of the access roads without any adverse effect on the cost. These roads will be approximately 8 m wide and will be consolidated only by cement stabilization, since the subsoil consists mainly of fine and coarse sand with some silt content. This kind of subsoil, therefore, gives the possibility of using highly effective and economical equipment with less manpower, such as suction dredging.
10.6.2 Power House Construction
Excavation of the Power House Pit and other works required to prepare the Power House Foundation will be the first & foremost task in Phase-1. The excavation will be carried out up to El. 210 m (about 7 m below NSL). Other related works include construction of roads, installation of first and second stage dewatering system and construction of cofferdam.
The first stage dewatering system will be installed and operated with full capacity at El. 210 m and the ground water table will be lowered up to El. 205.00 m. After lowering the water table up to this level, excavation will be carried out to El. 207.0 m. Meanwhile, the second stage dewatering system will be installed at El. 207.0 m which will lower down the water table to El. 196 m while excavation will be carried out up to the required foundation depth (EL. 199.96 m). This system will continue the pumping for a period of about 18 months. During this period, the 1st stage system will also be in operation with half capacity to lower the water table in the Pit area.
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In Phase-2, Powerhouse concreting will be one of the major items. It will include concreting of the foundation slab, three unit blocks, service bay, upstream and downstream retaining walls and major parts of the sub-structure and super-structure of the Powerhouse. Erection of turbine housing and draft tube lining will be carried out and completed for all the 03 units and will be carried out simultaneous to the concreting. Installation of turbine units is planned to commence at the start of the 3rd month of Phase-2. Similarly, installation of the electrical equipment i.e. generators, low and high voltage equipment and other electrical items will start almost in the middle of the stage. The major erection work will be completed during this stage. The first unit will be ready for commercial operation at the end of this stage and the second units will follow at an interval of one month and third unit will operate at the end of 29th month of the project construction period.
The outstanding civil works at the Powerhouse such as interior finishes etc. will be completed in Phase-3 of the construction.
10.6.3 Downstream Protection Bund
In Phase-1, a Protection bund will be constructed in the Tailrace channel, on the downstream of the Power House, to protect the area against the river flooding in the summer. Such arrangement will help in the excavation of the pit and smooth construction work at the foundation and slopes of the powerhouse.
10.6.4 Upstream Transition
Construction of upstream transition is proposed to be taken up along with the construction of the power house. The channel will be excavated in a period of 8 months including the compaction and followed by construction of foundation slab and retaining walls in 11 months.
• 10.6.5 Downstream Transition
The downstream transition will also be constructed in concurrence with other components of the project. The excavation of the downstream transition will consume about 3 months whereas the concreting of foundation slab and walls is anticipated to take 4 months.
10.6.6 Headrace Channel
Excavation of the Headrace Channel will be started simultaneously with the Powerhouse Pit in Phase-1. Excavation in the dry area will be carried out through Bulldozers and the excavated material will be hauled away through dumpers. If the material from the excavation area is suitable for the construction, it will be utilized in the construction of the Headrace Channel embankments. For the sub aqueous channel areas, a road for dragline machines will be constructed over the compacted fill. These machines will be used for excavation of
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The remaining Excavation, construction of the embankments, road and slope protection on the Headrace Channel will be completed in Phase-2. The excavation in the dry and under water areas will be carried out through bulldozers and dragline machines as discussed above.
10.6.7 Tailrace Channel
The Tailrace excavation will also be started simultaneous to the Pit excavation. The excavation in the dry area of the channel will be carried out through bulldozers and in the underwater areas with dragline machines, in the same way as planned for the Headrace Channel. Almost 50% excavation of Tailrace Channel will be completed in Phase-1.
The remaining 50% excavation of Tailrace Channel, construction of the embankments, road construction and slope protection on the Tailrace Channel will be completed in Phase-2 of the Project. The excavation in the dry and under water areas will be conducted through bulldozers and dragline machines as discussed in earlier.
10.6.8 Construction of Road Bridge
The road connecting Rasul Barrage to Pind Dadan Khan and Jhelum passes over the Right Marginal Bund (RMB). A road bridge will be constructed over the Headrace Channel at the location of the RMB crossing. Before commencement of road bridge construction, a diversion road will be constructed upstream the existing road and linking the RMB on both ends to divert the existing road carrying heavy traffic uninterrupted.
The road bridge super structure shall be completed in Phase -2. The road from Rasul Barrage to Pind Dadan Khan and Jhelum will be constructed partly on the Right Marginal Bund (RMB). The diversion road and other measures adopted will be removed to pass the river supply in the head race and under the bridge.
10.6.9 Construction in Line with Jalalpur Irrigation Canal
As described in previous chapters, JCP is also proposed at right side of Rasul Barrage. If the powerhouse is constructed before construction of the Jalalpur Canal, passage for the canal in the form of an aqueduct within the powerhouse will be constructed at its design levels. However, if Jalalpur Canal construction starts before that of the powerhouse, they will make provision to construct the powerhouse during the canal closure period. If both projects start simultaneously, it is recommended to give priority for construction of powerhouse and construction work of Jalalpur Canal will be suspended in this reach. After the completion of powerhouse the connection work of jalalpur canal will be followed.
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10.6.10 Disposal of Surplus Excavated Material
The excavated material from the power house, head race and the tailrace areas will be partially utilized for the construction of embankments, backfilling and protection works. The remaining material will be disposed off as per directions of the Engineer in consultation with the client.
10.7 PROCUREMENT OF ELECTRO-MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
10.7.1 Supply of Major Equipment
The E&M equipment shall be procured by the EPC Contractor under an approved schedule. Procurement of equipment requires careful planning in order to insure its installation before the desired commissioning date. The critical item includes the supply of turbines and generators. Normally the process of procuring hydropower turbines and generators including the design and preparation of specifications takes considerable time. Main steps involved in this process are described in Table 9-1.
Table 9-1 Process Involved in the Procurement of Hydropower Turbines and Generators
Equipment Procurement Processing 5 months
Delivery of embedded parts 9 months after notice to proceed
Fabrication, supply and delivery of all 9 months after notice to proceed equipment
Final erection 6 months
Commissioning, performance testing 3 months (after civil construction)
Total Time 32 months
Parallel to the installation of the turbine and generators, other electro-mechanical equipment and controls are installed in the powerhouse control room and other relevant locations.
10.7.2 Erection, Testing and Commissioning of E&M Equipment
The Phase-3 of Construction mainly comprises the erection, testing and commissioning of the electro-mechanical equipment such as turbines, generators, low and high voltage equipment.
Testing and commissioning includes final inspection of construction and equipment, testing
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10.7.3 Switch Yard Equipment:
Transmission line and interconnection equipment will be procured in parallel to the supply of E&M equipment for the powerhouse. The installation and testing of transmission facility will require 6 months in addition to switchyard installation.
10.8 CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES
10.8.1 Excavation, Earthwork, Bed and Slope Protection
The equipment planned to be used in the earth works with the relevant technology are discussed in detail in the following sub sections:
Dry Excavation
One bulldozer and two back acting excavators along with 4 to 5 dumpers will be utilized for dry excavation of the pit.
Excavation under water through dragline / or suction dredging
Dragline machines will be used on the embankments for excavation of the Headrace and Tailrace Channels under water. Besides, in the areas inaccessible from the sides, one dismountable suction dredger of the range 10 m depth and a capacity of about 3,000 cu.m/h water-sand mixture will be arranged. The solid matter in the dredging mixture is assumed to be 40 to 50 %.
Construction of Embankments through Filling and Compaction
The machinery used for construction of embankments will be off-road haulers for carrying material, front end loader for loading, bulldozers and graders for placing and sheep foot rollers and vibrating rollers for compaction.
Bed and Slope Protection
Cable operated and hydraulic loader with a large working radius operating on a slab along with drop bottom hoppers for distribution of stones is planned to be used for bed and slope protection
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Form Work
A slip form construction type can be used for all plain surfaces of concrete like foundation slab of the powerhouse, service bay and retaining walls. For two or three dimensional curved surfaces like intake and draft tubes, the formwork will be generally made up of wood at the carpenter's yard according to the plans.
Concrete Mixing Plant
The Mixing plant comprises the following main components. o Feeding equipment o Distributor o Aggregate storing o Binder and cement silos o Binder and cement batcher o Weighing plant o Mixing plant o Delivery equipment
The transportation of concrete can be carried out by concrete haulers, concrete pump mixer skips along with crane.
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PROJECT COST ESTIMATE
41 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Project Cost Estimate
CHAPTER —11 PROJECT COST ESTIMATE
11.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes the assumptions and results relating to the capital cost estimate of the Rasul Hydropower Project located on Jhelum River, approximately 40 km from Jhelum, District Mandi Bahauddin, in Punjab. The total project construction cost of civil works has been estimated on the basis of cost of other similar project handled by the Consultants and prevalent Market Rate System (June 2016) for Punjab Province.
The cost estimates presented herein form the basis of the financial analysis in Chapter - 13. The Project construction cost summary for the base case i.e. 18 MW installed capacity is presented in Table - 11. The total project cost for the base case is estimated as USD 60.21 million or Rs. 6,322 million.
The foreign currency portion for the equipment to be imported has been estimated at current world market prices in US Dollars, for cost analysis of the project. The foreign currency portion has been converted to Pak Rupees at the following exchange rate.
US $ 1 = PAK Rs. 105
11.2 BASIS OF ESTIMATION
The capital cost for developing the Rasul Hydropower Project is formulated under the following four distinct heads.
• The civil works which cover preliminary works, power channel, powerhouse, and switchyard, tail race channel, and other items of civil works. • Supply, transportation, erection, testing and commissioning of electromechanical equipment. • Non-EPC costs, which includes land procurement, environmental & social management, residential and office buildings. • Development cost, corporate overheads, project management cost, construction insurance, and other financing charges.
Working conditions in the area are expected to be fairly good. The country has a fair stock of machinery operators. Powerhouse, head and tailrace channels can be excavated through equipment readily available.
Good quality construction material is available in the immediate vicinity. These conditions were kept in mind while working out the estimate. It is assumed that a main contractor would
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 11-1 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Project Cost Estimate execute the job. He may sublet to local contractors certain components like colony building, supply of materials and other jobs not requiring heavy machinery and specialized knowledge.
11.3 QUANTITIES OF MATERIALS
The quantities of work items for Rasul Hydropower Project have been worked out on the basis of the scheme described in earlier chapters. Quantities for civil works have been computed on the basis of Layout Plan developed for the scheme and actual topography of the area. The quantities of excavation were then obtained from the cross sections drawn at suitable intervals. Quantities for structures have been calculated from the plans and sections of various component structures. The quantities of electrical and mechanical (E&M) equipment have been computed on the selected size and type of generating units and preliminary design.
11.4 ANALYSIS OF PARTS
11.4.1 Civil Works
Rates for different items of Civil Work for Rasul Hydropower Project, Rasul Barrage have been based on:
• Direct cost market rate corresponding to June 2016.
The rate of each work has been prepared keeping in view the local conditions and relevant specifications.
Rates of E&M works such as turbines, generators, transformers and other related equipment have been taken keeping in view the following considerations:
• Evaluation of rates from on-going similar projects. • Rates based on engineering judgment and local market rates of different items of works. • Rates provided by the manufacturers and suppliers.
Summary of cost estimate is given in Table - 11.
Land and Compensation
For acquisition of land from concerned agency / department total estimated amount has been provided in Table-11 (Bill No.9).
Preliminary Works
Preliminary works include camps and temporary facilities including residential colony, offices before and after completion of the Project. The cost of furniture and other office equipment
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 11-2 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Project Cost Estimate required for the plant has been estimated on the basis of rates collected from the relevant suppliers in Pakistan. The cost includes furniture, sanitary and electrical fitting etc. appropriate escalation has been provided as these items will be purchased toward the completion of the project. Detail of cost estimates is given in Table-11 (Bill No.10).
Environmental and Social Management Cost
Environmental and Social Management Costs are given in Table-11 (Bill No.9).
Civil Works
The detailed cost estimation of civil works including handling and care of water, Intake Weir, Head Race & Tail Race, Powerhouse Structure, Retaining Walls, A.R Bridge etc. are given in Table-11 (Bill No.1 to Bill No.7).
11.4.2 Electro-Mechanical Works
Cost estimates for E&M equipment including turbines and all other components for the Project are given in Table-11 (Bill No.8).
11.5 PROJECT DESIGN & ENGINEERING
Project Design and Engineering costs have been estimated at approximately 3% of the civil and E&M costs.
11.6 PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Project Management costs have been estimated at approximately 6% of the civil and E&M costs.
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TABLES • RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Project Cost Estimate TABLE —11 COST ESTIMATE RASUL LOW HEAD HYDROPOWER PROJECT
SUMMARY OF PROJECT COST
Amount Bill Description (Rs. Million) EPC Cost Civil Works Bill No. 1: Handling and Care of Water 1,034 Bill No. 2: Intake Weir 162 Bill No. 3: Power House Building 782 Bill No. 4: Head Race Channel 114 Bill No. 5: Tail Race Channel 48 Bill No. 6: A.R. Bridge 80 Bill No. 7: Retaining Walls (U/s & D/s) 463 Total Civil Works (Sub-Total: I) 2,683 Electro-Mechanical Works Bill No. 8: Hydro mechanical Equipment, Hydraulic Steel Structures, 1,993 Electrical Equipment Complete with Accessories and Systems Total E&M Works (Sub-Total: II) 1,993 Detailed Engineering (Sub-Total: III) 140 Project Management (Sub-Total: IV) 281 Total EPC Cost (I + II + Ill + IV) (Sub-Total: V) 5,097 Non-EPC Costs Bill No. 9: Land Compensation and Environmental 19 Bill No. 10: Residential Colony 82 Total Non-EPC Costs (Sub-Total: VI) 101 Other Project Costs Development Costs 349 Insurance during Construction 53 Lender's Fees & Charges 253 Total Other Project Costs (Sub-Total: VII) 655 Total Base Project Cost (V + VI + VII) (Sub-Total: VIII) 5,852 Interest during Construction (Sub-Total: IX) 470 Total Project Cost (VIII + IX) 6,322
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 11-4 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Project Cost Estimate TABLE —11 Bill No. 1: Handling and Care of Water
ITEM RATE AMOUNT DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY NO. (Rs.) (Rs.) 1.1 DEWATERI NG
a. Installation Charges
i. Supplying and installation charges of No. 140 472,500 66,150,000 tube well of 0.5 Cs Capacity
ii. Supplying of stand by pumping sets No. 70 183,750 12,862,500
b. Operational Charges
POL, Labour, Maintenance etc. Hrs 10,080 89,513 902,291,040
1.2 DIVERSION ARRANGMENT
Diversion Arrangement at Weir Side L.S -- 31,500,000
1.3 COFFER DAM
Temp. d/s coffer dam L.S -- 21,000,000
Total for Bill No. 1 = 1,033,803,540
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 11-5 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Project Cost Estimate
TABLE —11
Bill No. 2: Intake Weir
ITEM RATE AMOUNT DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY NO. (Rs.) (Rs.) 2.1 Excavation in foundation of building, bridges and other structures, including dabbling, dressing, refilling around structure with excavated earth, watering and ramming lead upto one chain 30 m and lift upto 1.5 m a. Ordinary soil Cu.M 18,288 186 3,401,475 b. Hard soil Cu.M 7,838 208 1,630,200 2.2 Compacted fill Cu.M 7,838 226 1,771,275 2.3 Cement concrete plain including placing, compacting, finishing and curing complete (including screening and washing of stone aggregate): Ratio: 1:4:8 Cu.M 5,225 5,148 26,898,300 2.4 Providing and laying reinforced cement concrete (including prestressed concrete), using coarse sand and screened surface smooth, and the plastering graded and washed aggregate, in required shape and design, done for making up all surfaces including forms, moulds, shuttering, lifting, compacting, curing, rendering and finishing exposed surface, complete (but excluding the cost of steel reinforcement, its fabrication and placing in position, etc.): Reinforced cement concrete in roof slab, beams, columns lintels, girders and other structural members laid insitu or precast laid in position, or prestressed members cast in situ, complete in all respects: Type (C) Nominal mix: 1:2:4 Cu.M 4,883 10,922 53,332,126 2.5 Fabrication of mild steel reinforcement for cement concrete, including cutting, bending, laying in position, making joints including and fastenings, cost of binding wire and labour charges for binding of steel reinforcement (also includes removal of rust from bars):- Deformed bars (Grade-60) 100 Kg 2,442 11,597 28,314,076 2.6 Gabion Protection ( Gabion filled Pitching) Cu.M 4,180 1,826 7,632,680 2.7 Steel Sheet Pile 100 Kg 2,500 11,597 28,992,500 2.8 Curtain wall near intake weir complete in all L.S - - 10,500,000 respect
Total for Bill No. 2 = 162,472,632
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 11-6 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Project Cost Estimate
TABLE —11
Bill No. 3: Power House Building
ITEM RATE AMOUNT DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY NO. (Rs.) (Rs.) 3.1 Excavation in foundation of building, bridges and other structures, including dabbling, dressing, refilling around structure with excavated earth, watering and ramming lead upto one chain 30 m and lift upto 1.5 m a. Ordinary soil Cu.M 49,157 186 9,143,165 b. Hard soil Cu.M 21,067 208 4,381,978 3.2 Compacted fill Cu.M 21,067 226 4,761,187 3.3 Cement concrete plain including placing, compacting, finishing and curing complete (including screening and washing of stone aggregate): Ratio: 1:4:8 Cu.M 426 5,148 2,190,989 3.4 Providing and laying reinforced cement concrete (including prestressed concrete), using coarse sand and screened surface smooth, and the plastering graded and washed aggregate, in required shape and design, done for making up all surfaces including forms, moulds, shuttering, lifting, compacting, curing, rendering and finishing exposed surface, complete (but excluding the cost of steel reinforcement, its fabrication and placing in position, etc.): Reinforced cement concrete in roof slab, beams, columns lintels, girders and other structural members laid insitu or precast laid in position, or prestressed members cast in situ, complete in all respects: Type (C) Nominal mix: 1:2:4 Cu.M 41,727 10,922 455,742,294 3.5 Fabrication of mild steel reinforcement for cement concrete, including cutting, bending, laying in position, making joints and fastenings, including cost of binding wire and labour charges for binding of steel reinforcement (also includes removal of rust from bars):- Deformed bars (Grade-60) 100 Kg 20,842 11,597 241,704,674 3.6 Gabion Protection ( Gabion filled Pitching) Cu.M 4,590 1,826 8,380,683 3.7 Steel Sheet Pile 100 Kg 3,000 11,597 34,791,000 3.8 Miscellaneous items i.e public health work, L.S -- 21,000,000 electrification etc. Total for Bill No. 3 = 782,095,969
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 11-7 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Project Cost Estimate
TABLE —11
Bill No. 4: Head Race Channel
ITEM RATE AMOUNT DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY NO. (Rs.) (Rs.)
4.1 Earthwork Excavation in irrigation channels, drains, etc. to designed section, grade and profiles, excavated material disposed off and dresses within 50 ft. (15 m) lead: a. Ordinary soil Cu.M 125,944 144 18,135,976 b. Hard soil Cu.M 53,976 170 9,175,940 4.2 Extra lead for above item # 1: a. 15 m to 500 m Cu.M 50,000 57 2,850,000 b. 500 m to 1 km Cu.M 25,000 55 1,375,000 4.3 Compacted Back fill Cu.M 134,866 202 27,242,944 Formation, dressing and preparing Sub Grade a. In Bed Sq.M 32,753 59 1,932,398 b. On Slope Sq.M 12,228 81 990,436 4.4 Cement concrete lining, using washed screened and graded stone aggregate:- a. In Bed Cu.M 2,978 6,828 20,330,370 b. On Slope Cu.M 1,112 7,089 7,880,132 4.5 3/4" Thick 1:6 C/S Mortar Sq.M 11,116 206 2,289,896 4.6 Providing and laying stone apron, dry Cu.M 3,520 1,826 6,427,520 handpacked, as filling behind retaining walls or in pitching and aprons (upto any lead any lift) 4.7 Composite compacted filter (Course to Cu.M 6,747 2,253 15,201,025 Medium Gradation)
Total for Bill No.4 = 113,831,637
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 11 -8 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Project Cost Estimate
TABLE —11
Bill No. 5: Tail Race Channel
ITEM RATE AMOUNT DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY NO. (Rs.) (Rs.) 5.1 Earthwork Excavation in irrigation channels, drains, etc. to designed section, grade and profiles, excavated material disposed off and dresses within 50 ft. (15 m) lead: a. Ordinary soil Cu.M 48,217 144 6,943,306 b. Hard soil Cu.M 20,665 170 3,512,982 5.2 Extra lead for above item # 1: a. 15 m to 500 m Cu.M 20,000 57 1,140,000 b. 500 m to 1 km Cu.M 10,000 55 550,000 5.3 Compacted Back fill Cu.M 52,656 202 10,636,414 Formation, dressing and preparing Sub Grade a. In Bed Sq.M 12,447 59 734,344 b. On Slope Sq.M 4,774 81 386,694 5.4 Cement concrete lining, using washed screened and graded stone aggregate:- a. a. In Bed Cu.M 1,132 6,828 7,725,882 b. On Slope Cu.M 434 7,089 3,076,626 5.5 3/4" Thick 1:6 C/S Mortar Sq.M 4,340 206 894,040 5.6 Providing and laying stone apron, dry Cu.M 3,520 1,826 6,427,520 handpacked, as filling behind retaining walls or in pitching and aprons (upto any lead any lift) 5.7 Composite compacted filter (Course Cu.M 2,583 2,253 5,8219,668 to Medium Gradation) Total for Bill No. 5 = 47,847,475
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 11-9
RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Project Cost Estimate
TABLE —11
Bill No. 6: A.R Bridge
ITEM RATE AMOUNT DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY NO. (Rs.) (Rs.) 6.1 Excavation in foundation of building, bridges and other structures, including dagbelling, dressing, refilling around structure with excavated earth, watering and ramming lead upto one chain 30 m and lift upto 1.5 m a. Ordinary soil Cu.M 735 186 136,710 b. Hard soil Cu.M 315 208 65,520 6.2 Compacted fill Cu.M 315 226 71,190 6.3 Cement concrete plain including placing, compacting, finishing and curing complete (including screening and washing of stone aggregate): Ratio: 1:4:8 Cu.M 55 5,148 283,784 6.4 Providing and laying reinforced cement concrete (including prestressed concrete), using coarse sand and screened surface smooth, and the plastering graded and washed aggregate, in required shape and design, done for making up all surfaces including forms, moulds, shuttering, lifting, compacting, curing, rendering and finishing exposed surface, complete (but excluding the cost of steel reinforcement, its fabrication and placing in position, etc.): Reinforced cement concrete in roof slab, beams, columns lintels, girders and other structural members laid insitu or precast laid in position, or prestressed members cast in situ, complete in all respects: Type (A) Nominal mix: 1:1.5:3 Cu.M 475 13,878 6,588,581 Type (C) Nominal mix: 1:2:4 Cu.M 489 10,992 5,377,770 6.5 Fabrication of mild steel reinforcement for cement concrete, including cutting, bending, laying in position, making joints and fastenings, including cost of binding wire and labour charges for binding of steel reinforcement (also includes removal of rust from bars):- Deformed bars (Grade-60) 100 Kg 1,928 11,597 22,358,877 6.6 Providing and casting in situ bored reinforced concrete piles with type C concrete (nominal mix 1: 2: 4 ) , using 10% extra cement in dry mix, and course sand, including all labour and material (except the cost of steel for cement and its labour for bending and laying in position, etc. which will be paid separately, including, screening & washing of shingle and curing: (910 mm) dia pile M 840 14,280 11,995,200
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 11-10
RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Project Cost Estimate
Bill No. 6: A.R Bridge
ITEM RATE AMOUNT DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY NO. (Rs.) (Rs.) 6.7 Fabrication of mild steel reinforcement bar cage for R.C.0 bored piles, including cutting, bending, laying in position, welding and fastening, including cost of binding wire and labour charges for binding of steel reinforcement (also includes removal of rust from the bars): deformed bars 100 Kg 1,092 12,319 13,453,559 6.8 Providing embedding 10" (250 mm) wide %" M 50 224 11,200 (6 mm) thick rubber water stopper in expansion joints of R.C.C. roof slab complete in all respects. 6.9 Elastomeric bearing pad below RCC girder Cu.cm 1,580,000 4 6,320,000 6.10 100 mm dia Providing and fixing, PVC pipe M 210 411 86,310 for utilities 6.11 100 mm dia Providing and fixing, PVC pipe M 210 411 86,310 for drain 6.12 Small iron work of MS Plate, Angle, Anchor Kg 1,000 116 116,000 bars etc including welding complete in all respects 6.13 Providing and laying stone pitching/filling, dry Cu.M 530 745 394,850 handpacked, as filling behind retaining walls or in pitching and aprons. 6.14 Providing and laying stone or spawl filling Cu.M 147 454 66,738 6.15 Two coats of bitumen laid hot using 34 lbs. Sq.M 120 210 25,200 per %Sft, or1.72 Kg per square metre over roof and blinded with sand at one Cft. per %Sft. (0.003 cu.m per sq.m) 6.16 3 " wearing course asphalt mix Cu.M 367 2,252 826,484 6.17 45 mm thick, 12 mm wide approved sealant M 300 179 53,700 in construction joint 6.18 Providing R.C.C. railing on bridges, as per M 210 2,986 627,060 standard drawing. 6.19 Electrification at A.R Bridge and at approach L.S - - 550,000 road complete in all respect including design, construction, fitting and commissioning as per specification 6.20 Approach Road complete in all respect km 1 10,500,000 10,500,000 Total for Bill No. 6 = 79,995,042
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Project Cost Estimate
TABLE —11
Bill No. 7: Retaining Walls (U/s & D/s)
ITEM RATE AMOUNT DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY NO. (Rs.) (Rs.)
7.1 Excavation in foundation of building, bridges and other structures, including dagbelling, dressing, refilling around structure with excavated earth, watering and ramming lead upto one chain 30 m and lift upto 1.5 m a. Ordinary soil Cu.M 13,860 186 2,577,960 b. Hard soil Cu.M 5,940 208 1,235,520 7.2 Compacted fill Cu.M 31,680 226 7,159,680 7.3 Cement concrete plain including placing, compacting, finishing and curing complete (including screening and washing of stone aggregate): Ratio: 1:4:8 Cu.M 360 5,148 1,853,280 7.4 Providing and laying reinforced cement concrete (including prestressed concrete), using coarse sand and screened surface smooth, and the plastering graded and washed aggregate, in required shape and design, done for making up all surfaces including forms, moulds, shuttering, lifting, compacting, curing, rendering and finishing exposed surface, complete (but excluding the cost of steel reinforcement, its fabrication and placing in position, etc.): Reinforced cement concrete in roof slab, beams, columns lintels, girders and other structural members laid insitu or precast laid in position, or prestressed members cast in situ, complete in all respects: Type (C) Nominal mix: 1:2:4 Cu.M 13,200 10,922 144,170,400 7.5 Fabrication of mild steel reinforcement for cement concrete, including cutting, bending, laying in position, making joints and fastenings, including cost of binding wire and labour charges for binding of steel reinforcement (also includes removal of rust from bars):- Deformed bars (Grade-60) 100 Kg 26,400 11,597 306,160,800 Total for Bill No. 7 = 463,157,640
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 11-12
RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Project Cost Estimate
TABLE —11
Bill No. 8: Electro-mechanical Works
ITEM RATE LOCAL FOREIGN AMOUNT DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY NO. (Rs.) COMPONENT COMPONENTS (Rs.)
8.1 ELECTRO-MECHANICAL WORKS:-
8.1.1 Turbines No. 3 119,217,000 357,651,000 357,651,000
8.1.2 Generators No. 3 139,378,050 418,134,150 418,134,150
8.1.3 Excitation No. 3 6,433,350 19,300,050 19,300,050
8.1.4 Governor No. 3 59,609,550 178,828,650 178,828,650
8.1.5 Gear Box No. 3 24,806,250 74,418,750 74,418,750
8.1.6 Oil pressure device No. 3 9,243,938 27,731,814 27,731,814
8.1.7 Oil collect and supply No. 3 6,507,113 19,521,339 19,521,339 device
8.1.8 Automation LS 1 37,804,725 37,804,725 37,804,725 component
8.1.9 Spare parts & tools Lot 1 10,840,200 10,840,200 10,840,200
8.1.10 Generators Deisel 200 No. 1 17,587,500 17,587,500 17,587,500 kVA
Sub-Total (8.1) 1,161,818,178 1,161,818,178
8.2 HYDRAULIC STEEL STRUCTURES: -
8.2.1 Over Head Crane 70 No. 1 70,888,125 70,888,125 70,888,125 ton
8.2.2 Mobile Crane 25 ton No. 1 32,550,000 32,550,000 32,550,000
8.2.3 Trash Rack No. 3 21,787,500 65,362,500 65,362,500
Trash Rack Mleaning 8.2.4 No. 1 36,750,000 36,750,000 36,750,000 Mashine
8.2.5 Intake Stoplog Set 3 34,755,000 104,265,000 104,265,000
Intake Stoplog Gantry 8.2.6 No. 1 23,100,000 23,100,000 23,100,000 Crane
8.2.7 Draft Tube Stop Log Set 3 25,200,000 75,600,000 75,600,000 Draft Tube Stop Log 8.2.8 No. 1 15,750,000 15,750,000 15,750,000 Gantr Crane
Sub-Total (8.2) 277,777,500 146,488,125 424,265,625
8.3 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
8.3.1 Electrical Equipment Lot 1 88,200,000 35,280,000 52,920,000 88,200,000 Measuring Control & 8.3 2 No. 1 47,250,000 14,175,000 33,075,000 47,250,000 " protection Equipment 8.3.3 Switchyard LS Job 84,000,000 50,400,000 33,600,000 84,000,000
8.3.4 D. C supply LS Job 8,400,000 8,400,000 8,400,000
Sub-total (8.3) 108,255,000 119,595,000 227,850,000
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd.
RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Project Cost Estimate
Bill No. 8: Electro-mechanical Works
ITEM RATE LOCAL FOREIGN AMOUNT DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY NO. (Rs.) COMPONENT COMPONENTS (Rs.) 8.4 AUXILIARY AND E&M EQUIPMENTS
8.4.1 Auxiliary Equipments LS 1 21,000,000 6,300,000 14,700,000 21,000,000 Misc. E& M 8.4.2 LS 1 63,000,000 Equipments 18,900,000 44,100,000 63,000,000
Sub-total (8.4) 25,200,000 58,800,000 84,000,000 Total (8.1 to 8.4): 411,232,500 1,486,701,303 1,897,933,803 Misc Items to be assessed at detailed design stage @ 5% of 20,561,625 74,335,065 94,896,690 Total:
Total E & M Cost 431,794,125 1,561,036,368 1,992,830,493
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 11-14
RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Project Cost Estimate
Bill No. 9: Land Compensation and Environmental
ITEM RATE AMOUNT DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY NO. (Rs.) (Rs.)
9.1 Land & Compensation
i. Acquiring of Land Acres 91 68,250 6,210,750
ii. Trees Compensation No. 6,149 525 3,228,225
9.2 Environmental and Social Management
i. Environmental monitoring mm 20 105,000 2,100,000
ii. External Monitoring mm 32 105,000 3,360,000
iii. Post Project Monitoring mm 6 105,000 630,000
iv. Traffic Management Plan (TMP) L.S 2,100,000
v. Compensatory of plantation No. 30,000 53 1,590,000
Total for Bill No. 9 = 19,218,975
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 11 - 15 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Project Cost Estimate
Bill No. 10: Residential Colony
ITEM RATE AMOUNT DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY NO. (Rs.) (Rs.) A. REST HOUSE - (01 No.) 10.1 Excavation in foundation of building, bridges and other structures, including dagbelling, dressing, refilling around structure with excavated earth, watering and ramming lead upto one chain 30 m and lift upto 1.5 m a. Ordinary soil Cu. M 166 186 30,816 b. Hard soil Cu. M 71 208 14,750 10.2 Filling watering and ramming earth under floors with new earth (excavation from borrow pit) lead upto 50 m to full Cu. M 135 181 24,456 compaction complete. 10.3 Cement concrete plain including placing, compacting, finishing and curing complete (including screening and washing of stone aggregate): Ratio - 1:2:4 Cu. M 25 5,148 128,712 10.4 Providing and laying reinforced cement concrete (including prestressed concrete), using coarse sand and screened surface smooth, and the plastering graded and washed aggregate, in required shape and design, done for making up all surfaces including forms, moulds, Cu. M 60 13,878 832,655 shuttering, lifting, compacting, curing, rendering and finishing exposed surface, complete (but excluding the cost of steel reinforcement, its fabrication and placing in position, etc.): Reinforced cement concrete in roof slab, beams, columns lintels, girders and other structural members laid insitu or precast laid in position, or prestressed members cast in situ, complete in all respects: 10.5 Fabrication of mild steel reinforcement for cement concrete, including cutting, bending, laying in position, making joints and fastenings, including cost of binding 100 Kg wire and labour charges for binding of steel reinforcement 120 11,597 1,391,626 (also includes removal of rust from bars): -Deformed bars (Grade-60) 10.6 Plastering on Walls Sq. M 1,300 194 252,457 10.7 50 mm Damp Proof Course with (Cement Sand and Shingle Concrete Class B including 2 coats of asphaltic Sq. M 70 579 40,545 mixture) 10.8 Vertical damp proof course of 20 mm thick cement plaster 1:2 with bitumen at 1kg per Sq m. Sq. M 35 439 15,382 10.9 Bitumen coatings to plastered or cement concrete surface using 0.60 kg/sqm. Sq. M 438 104 45,512 10.10 Pacca Brick Work in mud mortar in buildings (Walls) Cu. M 255 5,363 1,367,466 10.11 First Class Tile Roofing Sq. M 357 1,212 432,746 10.12 Flloring with Tile Sq. M 418 1,415 591,545 10.13 Miscellaneous for windows, Doors Painting, Lighting, LS Public Health, Electrification etc - - 2,625,000
Total for Bill No. 10 (A) = 7,793,667
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TABLE —11
Bill No. 10: Residential Colony
ITEM RATE AMOUNT DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY NO. (Rs.) (Rs.) B. RESIDENCE TYPE -II (01 No.) 10.14 Excavation in foundation of building, bridges and other structures, including dagbelling, dressing, refilling around structure with excavated earth, watering and ramming lead upto one chain 30 m and lift upto 1.5 m a. Ordinary soil Cu. M 125 186 23,205 b. Hard soil Cu. M 55 208 11,426 10.15 Filling watering and ramming earth under floors with new earth (excavation from borrow pit) lead upto 50 m Cu. M 105 181 19,021 to full compaction complete. 10.16 Cement concrete plain including placing, compacting, finishing and curing complete (including screening and washing of stone aggregate): Ratio - 1:2:4 Cu. M 20 5,148 102,969 10.17 Providing and laying reinforced cement concrete (including prestressed concrete), using coarse sand and screened surface smooth, and the plastering graded and washed aggregate, in required shape and design, done for making up all surfaces including Cu. M 30 13,878 416,328 forms, moulds, shuttering, lifting, compacting, curing, rendering and finishing exposed surface, complete (but excluding the cost of steel reinforcement, its fabrication and placing in position, etc.): Reinforced cement concrete in roof slab, beams, columns lintels, girders and other structural members laid insitu or precast laid in position, or prestressed members cast in situ, complete in all respects: 10.18 Fabrication of mild steel reinforcement for cement concrete, including cutting, bending, laying in position, making joints and fastenings, including cost of binding 100 Kg 60 11,597 695,813 wire and labour charges for binding of steel reinforcement (also includes removal of rust from bars): -Deformed bars (Grade-60) 10.19 Plastering on Walls Sq. M 900 194 174,778 10.20 50 mm Damp Proof Course with (Cement Sand and Shingle Concrete Class B including 2 coats of Sq. M 50 579 28,961 asphaltic mixture) sq. 25 10.21 Vertical damp proof course of 20 mm thick cement M 439 10,987 plaster 1:2 with bitumen at 1kg per Sq m.
10.22 Bitumen coatings to plastered or cement concrete Sq. M 210 104 21,821' surface using 0.60 kg/sqm. 10.23 Pacca Brick Work in mud mortar in buildings (Walls) Cu. M 160 5,363 858,018 10.24 First Class Tile Roofing Sq. M 170 1,212 206,069 10.25 Flloring with mosaic Sq. M 200 1,415 283,074
10.26 Miscellaneous for windows, Doors Painting, Lighting, LS - - 1,575,000 Public Health, Electrification etc Total for Bill No. 10 (B) = 4,427,470
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 11-17 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Project Cost Estimate
TABLE —11 Bill No. 10: Residential Colony ITEM RATE AMOUNT DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY NO. (Rs.) (Rs.) C. RESIDENCE TYPE - III - (03 No.) 10.27 Excavation in foundation of building, bridges and other structures, including dagbelling, dressing, • refilling around structure with excavated earth, watering and ramming lead upto one chain 30 m and lift upto 1.5 m a. Ordinary soil Cu. M 350 186 64,974 b. Hard soil Cu. M 150 208 31,161 10.28 Filling watering and ramming earth under floors with new earth (excavation from borrow pit) lead upto 50 m Cu. M 280 181 50,724 to full compaction complete. 10.29 Cement concrete plain including placing, compacting, finishing and curing complete (including screening and washing of stone aggregate): Ratio - 1:2:4 Cu. M 50 5,148 257,423 10.30 Providing and laying reinforced cement concrete (including prestressed concrete), using coarse sand and screened surface smooth, and the plastering graded and washed aggregate, in required shape and design, done for making up all surfaces including forms, Cu. M 80 13,878 1,110,207 moulds, shuttering, lifting, compacting,curing, rendering and finishing exposed surface, complete (but excluding the cost of steel reinforcement, its fabrication and placing in position, etc.): Reinforced cement concrete in roof slab, beams, columns lintels, girders and other structural members laid insitu or precast laid in position, or prestressed members cast in situ, complete in all respects: 10.31 Fabrication of mild steel reinforcement for cement concrete, including cutting, bending, laying in position, making joints and fastenings, including cost of binding 100 Kg 160 11,597 1,855,501 wire and labour charges for binding of steel reinforcement (also includes removal of rust from bars):-Deformed bars (Grade-60) 10.32 Plastering on Walls Sq. M 2,500 194 485,494 10.33 50 mm Damp Proof Course with (Cement Sand and Shingle Concrete Class B including 2 coats of asphaltic Sq. M 135 579 78,194 mixture) 10.34 Vertical damp proof course of 20 mm thick cement sq. ro 70 439 30,765 plaster 1:2 with bitumen at 1kg per Sq m. 10.35 Bitumen coatings to plastered or cement concrete Sq. M 400 104 41,563 surface using 0.60 kg/sqm. 10.36 Pacca Brick Work in mud mortar in buildings (Walls) Cu. M 800 5,363 4,290,090 10.37 First Class Tile Roofing Sq. M 500 1,212 606,086 10.38 Flloring with Tile Sq. M 1120 1,415 1,585,213 10.39 Miscellaneous for windows, Doors Painting, Lighting, LS - 4,725,000 Public Health, Electrification etc Total for Bill No. 10 (C) = 15,212,395
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 11-18 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Project Cost Estimate
TABLE —11
Bill No. 10: Residential Colony
ITEM RATE AMOUNT DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY NO. (Rs.) (Rs.) D. RESIDENCE TYPE - IV (02 No.) 10.40 Excavation in foundation of building, bridges and other structures, including dagbelling, dressing, refilling around structure with excavated earth, watering and ramming lead upto one chain 30 m and lift upto 1.5 m a. Ordinary soil Cu. M 150 186 27,846 b. Hard soil Cu. M 65 208 13,503 10.41 Filling watering and ramming earth under floors with new earth (excavation from borrow pit) lead upto 50 m to full Cu. M 120 181 21,739 compaction complete. 10.42 Cement concrete plain including placing, compacting, finishing and curing complete (including screening and washing of stone aggregate): Ratio - 1:2:4 Cu. M 20 5,148 102,969 10.43 Providing and laying reinforced cement concrete (including prestressed concrete), using coarse sand and screened surface smooth, and the plastering graded and washed aggregate, in required shape and design, done for making up all surfaces including forms, moulds, Cu. M 40 13,878 555,104 shuttering, lifting, compacting,curing, rendering and finishing exposed surface, complete (but excluding the cost of steel reinforcement, its fabrication and placing in position, etc.): Reinforced cement concrete in roof slab, beams, columns lintels, girders and other structural members laid insitu or precast laid in position, or prestressed members cast in situ, complete in all respects: 10.44 Fabrication of mild steel reinforcement for cement concrete, including cutting, bending, laying in position, making joints and fastenings, including cost of binding 100 Kg 80 11,597 927,751 wire and labour charges for binding of steel reinforcement (also includes removal of rust from bars):-Deformed bars (Grade-60) 10.45 Plastering on Walls Sq. M 1,250 194 242,747 10.46 50 mm Damp Proof Course with (Cement Sand and Shingle Concrete Class B including 2 coats of asphaltic Sq. M 60 579 34,753 mixture) 10.47 Vertical damp proof course of 20 mm thick cement plaster Sq. M 140 439 61,530 1:2 with bitumen at 1kg per Sq m. 10.48 Bitumen coatings to plastered or cement concrete surface Sq. M 270 104 28,055 using 0.60 kg/sqm. 10.49 Pacca Brick Work in mud mortar in buildings (Walls) Cu. M 200 5,363 1,072,523 10.50 First Class Tile Roofing Sq. M 220 1,212 266,678 10.51 Flloring with Tile Sq. M 250 1,415 353,842 10.52 Miscellaneous for windows, Doors Painting, Lighting, LS - - 2,100,000 Public Health, Electrification etc Total for Bill No. 10 (D) = 5,809,039
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TABLE —11
Bill No. 10: Residential Colony
ITEM RATE AMOUNT DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY NO. (Rs.) (Rs.)
E. MASJID (01 No.) 10.53 Excavation in foundation of building, bridges and other structures, including dagbelling, dressing, refilling around structure with excavated earth, watering and ramming lead upto one chain 30 m and lift upto 1.5 m a. Ordinary soil Cu. M 80 186 14,851 b. Hard soil Cu. M 40 208 8,310 10.54 Filling watering and ramming earth under floors with new earth (excavation from borrow pit) lead upto 50 m to full Cu. M 50 181 9,058 compaction complete. 10.55 Cement concrete plain including placing, compacting, finishing and curing complete (including screening and washing of stone aggregate): Ratio - 1:2:4 Cu. M 10 5,148 51,485 10.56 Providing and laying reinforced cement concrete (including prestressed concrete), using coarse sand and screened surface smooth, and the plastering graded and washed aggregate, in required shape and design, done for making Cu. M 25 13,878 346,940 up all surfaces including forms, moulds, shuttering, lifting, compacting, curing, rendering and finishing exposed surface, complete (but excluding the cost of steel reinforcement, its fabrication and placing in position, etc.): Reinforced cement concrete in roof slab, beams, columns lintels, girders and other structural members laid insitu or precast laid in position, or prestressed members cast in situ, complete in all respects: 10.57 Fabrication of mild steel reinforcement for cement concrete, including cutting, bending, laying in position, making joints and fastenings, including cost of binding wire and labour 100 Kg 50 11,597 579,844 charges for binding of steel reinforcement (also includes removal of rust from bars):-Deformed bars (Grade-60) 10.58 Plastering on Walls Sq. M 450 194 87,389 10.59 50 mm Damp Proof Course with (Cement Sand and Shingle Concrete Class B including 2 coats of asphaltic Sq. M 40 579 23,168 mixture) 10.60 Vertical damp proof course of 20 mm thick cement plaster Sq. M 20 1:2 with bitumen at 1kg per Sq m. 439 8,790 10.61 Bitumen coatings to plastered or cement concrete surface 110 using 0.60 kg/sqm. Sq. M 104 11,430 10.62 Pacca Brick Work in mud mortar in buildings (Walls) Cu. M 125 5,363 670,327 10.63 First Class Tile Roofing Sq. M 140 1,212 169,704 10.64 Flloring with Tile Sq. M 160 1,415 226,459 10.65 Miscellaneous for windows, Doors Painting, Lighting, Public Health, Electrification etc LS - 1,575,000
Total for Bill No. 10 (E) = 3,782,754
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 11-20 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Project Cost Estimate
TABLE —11
Bill No. 10: Residential Colony
ITEM RATE AMOUNT DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY NO. (Rs.) (Rs.)
F. SHOP 10.66 Excavation in foundation of building, bridges and other structures, including dagbelling, dressing, refilling around structure with excavated earth, watering and ramming lead upto one chain 30 m and lift upto 1.5 m a. Ordinary soil Cu. M 70 186 12,995 b. Hard soil Cu. M 30 208 6,232 10.67 Filling watering and ramming earth under floors with new earth (excavation from borrow pit) lead upto 50 m to full Cu. M 60 181 10,869 compaction complete. 10.68 Cement concrete plain including placing, compacting, finishing and curing complete (including screening and washing of stone aggregate): Ratio - 1:2:4 Cu. M 10 5,148 51,485 10.69 Providing and laying reinforced cement concrete (including prestressed concrete), using coarse sand and screened surface smooth, and the plastering graded and washed aggregate, in required shape and design, done for making Cu. M 20 13,878 277,552 up all surfaces including forms, moulds, shuttering, lifting, compacting, curing, rendering and finishing exposed surface, complete (but excluding the cost of steel reinforcement, its fabrication and placing in position, etc.): Reinforced cement concrete in roof slab, beams, columns lintels, girders and other structural members laid insitu or precast laid in position, or prestressed members cast in situ, complete in all respects: 10.70 Fabrication of mild steel reinforcement for cement concrete, including cutting, bending, laying in position, making joints and fastenings, including cost of binding wire 100 Kg 40 11,597 463,875 and labour charges for binding of steel reinforcement (also includes removal of rust from bars):-Deformed bars (Grade-60) 10.71 Plastering on Walls Sq. M 400 194 77,679 10.72 50 mm Damp Proof Course with (Cement Sand and Shingle Concrete Class B including 2 coats of asphaltic Sq. M 20 579 11,584 mixture) 10.73 Vertical damp proof course of 20 mm thick cement plaster 10 Sq. M 439 4,395 1:2 with bitumen at 1kg per Sq m. 10.74 Bitumen coatings to plastered or cement concrete surface Sq. M 120 104 12,469 using 0.60 kg/sqm. 10.75 Pacca Brick Work in mud mortar in buildings (Walls) Cu. M 100 5,363 536,261 10.76 First Class Tile Roofing Sq. M 110 1,212 133,339 10.77 Flloring with Tile Sq. M 120 1,415 169,844 10.78 Miscellaneous for windows, Doors Painting, Lighting, LS - - 1,050,000 Public Health, Electrification etc Total for Bill No. 10 (F) = 2,818,580
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 11-21 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Project Cost Estimate
TABLE —11 Bill No. 10: Residential Colony
ITEM RATE AMOUNT DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY NO. (Rs.) (Rs.)
G. DISPENSARY 10.79 Excavation in foundation of building, bridges and other structures, including dagbelling, dressing, refilling around structure with excavated earth, watering and ramming lead upto one chain 30 m and lift upto 1.5 m a. Ordinary soil Cu. M 60 186 11,138 b. Hard soil Cu. M 30 208 6,232 10.80 Filling watering and ramming earth under floors with new earth (excavation from borrow pit) lead upto 50 m to full Cu. M 40 181 7,246 compaction complete. 10.81 Cement concrete plain including placing, compacting, finishing and curing complete (including screening and washing of stone aggregate): Ratio - 1:2:4 Cu. M 10 5,148 51,485 10.82 Providing and laying reinforced cement concrete (including prestressed concrete), using coarse sand and screened surface smooth, and the plastering graded and washed aggregate, in required shape and design, done for making Cu. M 10 13,878 138,776 up all surfaces including forms, moulds, shuttering, lifting, compacting, curing, rendering and finishing exposed surface, complete (but excluding the cost of steel reinforcement, its fabrication and placing in position, etc.): Reinforced cement concrete in roof slab, beams, columns lintels, girders and other structural members laid insitu or precast laid in position, or prestressed members cast in situ, complete in all respects: 10.83 Fabrication of mild steel reinforcement for cement concrete, including cutting, bending, laying in position, making joints and fastenings, including cost of binding wire 100 Kg 20 11,597 and labour charges for binding of steel reinforcement (also 231,938 includes removal of rust from bars):-Deformed bars (Grade-60) 10.84 Plastering on Walls Sq. M 410 194 79,621 10.85 50 mm Damp Proof Course with (Cement Sand and Shingle Concrete Class B including 2 coats of asphaltic Sq. M 30 579 17,376 mixture) 10.86 Vertical damp proof course of 20 mm thick cement plaster sq. ro 15 1:2 with bitumen at 1kg per Sq m. 439 6,592 10.87 Bitumen coatings to plastered or cement concrete surface sq. . 50 M using 0.60 kg/sqm. 104 5,195 10.88 Pacca Brick Work in mud mortar in buildings (Walls) Cu. M 100 5,363 536,261 10.89 First Class Tile Roofing Sq. M 80 1,212 96,974 10.90 Flloring with Tile Sq. M 100 1,415 141,537 10.91 Miscellaneous for windows, Doors Painting, Lighting, LS - Public Health, Electrification etc - 2,100,000
Total for Bill No. 10 (G) = 3,430,372
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 11 - 22 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Project Cost Estimate
TABLE —11 Bill No. 10: Residential Colony
ITEM RATE AMOUNT DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY NO. (Rs.) (Rs.)
H. OFFICE BUILDING 10.92 Excavation in foundation of building, bridges and other structures, including dagbelling, dressing, refilling around structure with excavated earth, watering and ramming lead upto one chain 30 m and lift upto 1.5 m a. Ordinary soil Cu. M 230 186 42,697 b. Hard soil Cu. M 100 208 20,774 10.93 Filling watering and ramming earth under floors with new earth (excavation from borrow pit) lead upto 50 m Cu. M 150 181 27,173 to full compaction complete. 10.94 Cement concrete plain including placing, compacting, finishing and curing complete (including screening and washing of stone aggregate): Ratio - 1:2:4 Cu. M 35 5,148 180,196 10.95 Providing and laying reinforced cement concrete (including prestressed concrete), using coarse sand and screened surface smooth, and the plastering graded and washed aggregate, in required shape and design, done for making up all surfaces including forms, Cu. M 40 13,878 555,104 moulds, shuttering, lifting, compacting, curing, rendering and finishing exposed surface, complete (but excluding the cost of steel reinforcement, its fabrication and placing in position, etc.): Reinforced cement concrete in roof slab, beams, columns lintels, girders and other structural members laid insitu or precast laid in position, or prestressed members cast in situ, complete in all respects: 10.96 Fabrication of mild steel reinforcement for cement concrete, including cutting, bending, laying in position, making joints and fastenings, including cost of binding 100 80 11,597 927,751 wire and labour charges for binding of steel Kg reinforcement (also includes removal of rust from bars):- Deformed bars (Grade-60) 10.97 Plastering on Walls Sq. M 1,340 194 260,225 10.98 50 mm Damp Proof Course with (Cement Sand and Shingle Concrete Class B including 2 coats of asphaltic Sq. M 130 579 75,297 mixture) 10.99 Vertical damp proof course of 20 mm thick cement Sq. M 75 439 32,962 plaster 1:2 with bitumen at 1kg per Sq m. 10.100 Bitumen coatings to plastered or cement concrete Sq. M 130 104 13,508 surface using 0.60 kg/sqm. 10.101 Pacca Brick Work in mud mortar in buildings (Walls) Cu. M 350 5,363 1,876,914 10.102 First Class Tile Roofing Sq. M 275 1,212 333,347 10.103 Flloring with mosaic Sq. M 325 1,415 459,995 10.104 Miscellaneous for windows, Doors Painting, Lighting, LS - - 2,625,000 Public Health, Electrification etc Total for Bill No. 10 (H) = 7,430,944
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 11-23 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Project Cost Estimate
TABLE —11
Bill No. 10: Residential Colony ITEM RATE AMOUNT DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY NO. (Rs.) (Rs.) I. MISCELLANEOUS 10.105 Fencing All around colony, Main Entrance Gate, Guard Room, Recretional facilities, LS - - 31,500,000 Parking facilities, colony roads, OHT + Pump House etc.
Total for Bill No. 10 (I) = 31,500,000 Total for Bill No. 10 (A+B+C+D+E+F+G+H+I) = 82,205,221
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POWER MARKET
• RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Power Market
CHAPTER -12 POWER MARKET
This section is based on extracts from 'State of the Industry Report 2015' by NEPRA.
12.1 STRUCTURE OF POWER MARKET
Historically the power sector in Pakistan has been owned and operated by government entities, primarily the Water and Power Development Authority ("WAPDA") until the drive to unbundle started in early 1990s. Since then the sector has evolved much with private sector involvement primarily in generation and more recently on the model of a fully vertically integrated utility company. The generation, transmission, distribution and retail supply of electricity in Pakistan is presently undertaken by a number of public and private sector entities comprising of one (1) national transmission company; nine (9) regional public sector-owned distribution companies; four (4) public sector thermal generation companies; one (1) public sector hydropower generation company and several independent power producers (IPPs). These entities enable the supply of power to the entire country except for Karachi. The metropolitan city of Karachi and some of its surrounding areas which are supplied power by K-Electric ("KEL"), which is a vertically integrated utility owned by the private sector responsible for the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. The total installed capacity of the entire country in 2015 was 24,823 MW of which 16,814 MW (67.74%) was thermal, 7,116 (28.67%) was hydroelectric, 787 MW (3.17%) was nuclear and 106 MW (0.43%) was wind, as shown in Table 12-1.
More recently the CPPA, previously residing within NTDC, has been converted into a legally separate independent body acting as a central counterparty to power purchase transactions. A structural representation of the power structure in Pakistan is presented in Figure 12-1.
12.2 ELECTRICITY GENERATION
Historically, Pakistan has relied on hydropower generation to meet its electricity demands, as the ratio of hydel to thermal installed generation capacity in the country was about 67% to 33% (1985). However, with the passage of time, the energy mix has shifted towards thermal power generation, which now generates approximately 68% of total power produced in the country. Electrical energy generated in recent years by fuel type is presented in Table 12-2.
Given the acute gas shortage in the country, the thermal generation has relied mostly on expensive fuels such as furnace oil and high-speed diesel. Increased dependence on expensive thermal fuel sources has not only led to high cost of generation but has also resulted in large amounts of foreign reserves being spent on the import of fuel. The fuel wise thermal generation in the country in the recent years is given in Table 12-3.
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Due to this skewed energy mix, it has now become imperative upon the power sector in Pakistan to move towards generation technologies that are sustainable and rely on indigenous resources.
12.3 DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY
For the past decade or so, Pakistan has been suffering from an acute energy crisis due to rising demand exacerbated by structural flaws within the sector. Some of the major reasons contributing to this crisis include:
1. Inefficient transmission and distribution; 2. Increasing demand; 3. Inefficient use of energy; 4. Expensive energy mix; and 5. Improper pricing.
Installed capacity in the country grew at an average rate of 5.51% during the period 1990- 2015. However, this increase in capacity has been unable to meet the demand of electricity leading to a demand-supply gap, which can go as high as 6,600 MW during peak hours. In 2015, the maximum generation capability (in the system of National Transmission and Despatch Company) remained at 16,500 MW, while the maximum peak demand reached 21,701 MW, resulting in a 5,201 MW gap between supply and demand. Projections by NTDC and other relevant authorities depict that this shortfall is not going to end till 2019. The actual and projected surplus/deficit in demand during system peak hours is shown in Table 12-4 and Table 12-5 respectively.
Shortage of electricity has become the most critical challenge not only causing social disruption but also stunting the economic growth of the country. According to estimates, energy shortages in the country have resulted in approximately 2% reduction in the annual GDP of the country. Therefore, resolving the energy crisis is amongst the top priorities of the government and steps are being taken to attract new investment in the power sector.
12.4 HYDROPOWER IN PAKISTAN
Pakistan has a potential of around 40,000 MW of hydropower generation capacity, whereas the installed generation capacity currently stands at 7,116 MW. Historically, hydel generation in Pakistan has relied on large scale reservoir based hydropower plants, with Tarbela, Ghazi Barotha and Mangla supplying majority of the hydel generation in the country. A list of existing hydropower plants and their capacities is given in Table 12-6.
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12.5 SMALL HYDROPOWER PROJECTS
Besides development of large scale hydropower projects, the GOP is promoting the development of small hydro power projects in the country. Alternate Energy Development Board (AEDB), acting as a one-window facility for the development and promotion of renewable energy projects in the country, has undertaken a number of measures for the promotion and development of small scale hydropower projects in the country. Availability of bankable resource data, robust policy framework, feed-in-tariffs and standardized security documents have enabled Pakistan to attract both local and foreign investments in small scale hydropower projects. At present 128 MW of small hydropower project are operational in the country, 877 MW is under implementation and around 1,500 MW is available for development.
12.6 LEAST COST EXPANSION PLAN
NTDC has undertaken an update of the National Power Plan, which is based upon an expansion of the system over the next 25 years. The expansion plan is based on a load forecast, presented in the Table 12-7.
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TABLES
0 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Power Market
Table 12.1 Pakistan's Installed Generation Capacity
As on 30th June 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Thermal 15,910 15,969 15,941 15,719 16,814
Hydropower 6,645 6,730 6,947 7,116 7,116
Nuclear 787 787 787 787 787
Wind 0 1 50 106 106
TOTAL 23,342 23,487 23,725 23,728 23,823 Source: NEPRA State of the Industry Report 2015
Table 12.2 Electricity Generation by Fuel Type
As on 30th June 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Thermal (GWh) 65,169 64,478 64,034 68,082 69,988
Share 64.79% 65.94% 64.91% 64.41% 64.17%
Hydel (GWh) 31,990 28,643 30,033 32,239 32,979
Share 31.80% 28.85% 30.44% 30.50% 30.24%
Nuclear (GWh) 3,130 4,872 4,181 4,695 5,349
Share 31.80% 28.85% 30.44% 30.50% 30.24%
Import (GWh) 295 296 375 419 443
Share 0.29% 0.30% 0.38% 0.40% 0.41%
Wind (GWh) 0 6 32 263 300
Share 0.00% 0.01% 0.03% 0.25% 0.27%
TOTAL (GWh) 100,584 99,295 98,655 105,698 109,059 Source: NEPRA State of the Industry Report 2015
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Table 12.3 Fuel-Wise Thermal Generation 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Gas (GWh) 37,076 30,162 28,190 30,769 31,196
Share of thermal 56.89% 46.06% 44.02% 45.19% 44.57%
FO + HSD 27,984 35,250 35,804 37,201 38,690 (GWh)
Share of thermal 42.94% 53.83% 55.91% 54.64% 55.28%
Coal (GWh) 109 66 40 112 102
Share of thermal 0.17% 0.10% 0.06% 0.16% 0.15%
TOTAL (GWh) 65,169 65,478 64,034 68,082 69,988
Source: NEPRA State of the Industry Report 2015
Table 12.4 Actual Surplus/Deficit Generation Demand During NTDC's Surplus / (Deficit) Year Capacity (MW) System Peak Hours (MW) (MW)
2011 15,430 21,086 (5,656)
2012 14,483 21,536 (7,053)
2013 16,846 21,605 (4,759)
2014 18,771 23,505 (4,734)
2015 19,132 24,757 (5,625)
Source: NTDC
Table 12.5 Projected Surplus/Deficit Planned Generation Projected Peak Surplus / (Deficit) Year Capability (MW) Demand (MW) (MW)
2016 20,303 25,666 (5,363)
2017 23,445 27,185 (3,740)
2018 28,751 28,678 73
2019 33,545 30,154 3,391
2020 35,590 31,625 3,965
Source: NTDC
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Table 12.6 H dro ower Projects in Pakistan Power Station Technology Capacity (MW) Hydel (WAPDA) Tarbela Reservoir 3,478 Ghazi Barotha Run of River 1,450 Mangla Reservoir 1,000 Warsak Reservoir 2,43 Chashma Run of River 184 Khan Khwar Reservoir 72 Allai Khwar Reservoir 121 Jinnah Run of River 96 Duber Khwar Reservoir 130 Dargai Run of Canal 20 Rasul Run of Canal 22 Shadiwal Run of Canal 14 Chichoki Mallian Run of Canal 13 Nandipur Run of Canal 14 Kurram Garhi Run of Canal 4 Renala Run of Canal 1 Chitral Run of Canal 1 Gomal Zam Reservoir 17 Malakand/Jabban Run of River 22 Total Wapda 6,902 Hydel (IPPs) Jagran Hydro 30 Malakand-Ill Hydro 81 Pehur Hydro 18 Laraib Energy Hydro 84 Garam Chashma Hydro 1 Total Hyde! IPPs 214 Total Hydel 7,116 Source: NEPRA State of the Industry Report 2015
Table 12.7 NTDC'S Planned Expansion Growth Rate 2010 2020 2035 (2010 — 2035)
Sales (GWh)
Base Case 106,569 254,105 737,860 8.1%
Low Case 106,569 217,348 551,314 6.8%
High Case 106,569 290,299 916,155 9.0%
Generation (GWh)
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Growth Rate 2010 2020 2035 (2010 — 2035)
Base Case 139,954 306,797 889,583 7.7%
Low Case 139,954 262,518 665,210 6.5%
High Case 139,954 338,663 1,106,567 8.6%
Peak Demand (MW) 7.9% Base Case 22,251 49,824 149,665
Low Case 22,251 42,612 111,906 6.7%
High Case 22,251 54,998 186,228 8.9%
Source: NTDC
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FIGURES
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RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Power Market
Figure 12.1 Structure of Pakistan's Power Sector
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• •
ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS • RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Financial Evaluation
CHAPTER -13 FINANCIAL EVALUATION
13.1 RATIONALE
The purpose of this section is to ascertain and quantify the financial benefits of the proposed Rasul Hydropower Project.
13.2 ANNUAL GENERATION/AVAILABILITY
Financial evaluation of the Project has been performed based on the average hydrology of the site resulting in approximate 94.80 GWh of saleable energy to the power purchaser at a plant factor of 60.12%.
13.3 PROJECT COST
The project cost has been estimated at Rs. 6,322 million (USD 60.21 million) for a net capacity of 18.0 MW. Please note the costs are estimates and will be firmed prior to financial close based on bids received from potential EPC contractors. Details of the estimated project cost are reproduced in Table 13.1 below:
Table 13.1 Project Cost
PROJECT COST Rs. Million USD million EPC Cost 5,097 48.54 Non-EPC Costs Land Compensation & Environmental 19 0.18 Residential Colony 82 0.78 Development Costs 349 3.33 Insurance during Construction 53 0.50 Lender's Fees & Charges 253 2.41 Project Cost before IDC 5,852 55.74 Interest During Construction 470 4.47 Total Project Cost 6,322 60.21
13.4 CAPITAL STRUCTURE
The financing plan of the project assumes a debt to equity ratio of 75:25. However, the lenders may, depending upon their project risk profile requires a higher contribution of equity up to 30% to finance the project. For the purposes of the project tariff and financial model 100% funding from local financial institutions has been assumed; whereas at this stage no funding is assumed from international financial institutions. The financing parameters have
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 13-1 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Financial Evaluation been assumed after consultations with the sponsors and reflect their expectations regarding the project's financing at this stage. In order to achieve the most cost-effective pricing, the sponsors plan to look for other cheaper financing sources such as export/suppliers credit or loans from international financial institutions.
The proposed financing plan is summarized in Table 13.2 below:
Table 13.2: Funding Ratios
Funding Items Sr. Funding Parameters Local Foreign # Equity Loans Loan (s) / 1 Funding Ratio 75% - 25% 2 Funding Amount (PKR million) 4,742 - 1,581
13.5 PROJECT TIMELINE
The model assumes a 30 month construction period following financial close, which has been used for the purpose of calculation of Interest during Construction (IDC) and equity returns for the shareholders.
13.6 TERM
The model assumes a project life of 30 years and equivalent term for the power purchase agreement with the power purchaser.
13.7 TARIFF STRUCTURE
The proposed tariff is based on a two part tariff structure comprising of energy and capacity components. The energy component is variable in nature, depends upon generation and covers costs related to variable operations and maintenance. The capacity component is fixed in nature and payable subject to the availability of the plant and is based on the tested capacity and average hydrology of the Project stated in the Feasibility. The component comprises of fixed O&M, insurance, return on equity (ROE), and debt servicing components.
The above tariff components are discussed individually in this chapter.
13.7.1 Energy Component
The Energy Component comprises of variable O&M costs. Assumptions for the same are discussed below: a. Variable O&M Component: This has been assumed at PKR 0.2598 per kWh as per the current upfront tariff determination of NEPRA for small hydropower projects. The
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 13-2 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Financial Evaluation
variable O&M cost and relevant indexation will be firmed up at the time of EPC Stage Tariff filing based on the O&M contract finalized by the Company. The Variable O&M Component shall be indexed to changes in the local Consumer Price Index for local component and US CPI for foreign component (if applicable).
13.7.2 Capacity Component
Capacity charges are payable based on the tested capacity, average hydrology and availability of the plant. For calculation on a per kWh basis and comparative purposes fixed costs have been distributed over the resultant 94.82 GWh units of generation. a. Fixed O&M Component: Fixed O&M costs of Rs. 0.7791 per kWh have been assumed for operation of the plant. The assumption is in line with current upfront tariff determination of NEPRA for small hydropower projects and may be amended upon finalization of EPC and O&M contracts. Currently, 20% of the component has been assumed to be indexed to changes US CPI and PKR/USD exchange rate, whereas the other 80% of the component is assumed to be indexed to changes in Local CPI. b. Insurance: Insurance costs have been estimated at 1.00% of EPC Cost and covers insurance policies covering all risks, machinery breakdown, business interruption and third party liability. This component is assumed to be indexed to the changes in PKR/USD exchange rate. c. Return on Equity (ROE): The plant is proposed to be financed at a debt to equity ratio of 75:25 resulting in a shareholders' equity of Rs. 1,580 million. The tariff assumes a 20% equity internal rate of return (EIRR) from financial close, in line with upfront tariff determination of NEPRA for small hydropower projects. This component is assumed to be indexed to the changes in PKR/USD rate. d. Debt Servicing: The following funding parameters have been assumed in deriving the tariff for the project:
Table 13.3: Funding Parameters
Total Loan Rs. 4,742 million Local Loan 100% Loan Tenor 12.5 years Grace Period 2.5 years Repayment Period 10 years Repayment Frequency 4 Total Instalments 40 Lending Rate (Local Loan) 9.04% Base 3-month KIBOR 6.04%
During the construction period, same lending is applicable for calculation of interest during
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 13-3 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Financial Evaluation construction (IDC), which has been included as part of project cost in Table 11.1. Debt servicing component shall be indexed to changes in 3 month KIBOR.
13.8 Hydrological Risk
The tariff structure and methodology assume that hydrological risk shall be borne by the power purchaser and in case of non-availability of water flow, capacity payments will be made to the Company.
13.9 PROPOSED PROJECT TARIFF
Based on the tariff parameters defined above, the proposed tariff is provided in Table 13.4, and a 30 year Project Tariff is given in Table 13.5:
Table 13.4: Proposed Project Tariff
Tariff # Parameter Year 1-10 Year 11-30 Indexation 1 Variable O&M (Foreign) 0.1299 0.1299 US CPI, PKR/USD 2 Variable O&M (Local) 0.1299 0.1299 Local CPI Total Energy 0.2598 0.2598 3 Fixed O&M (Foreign) 0.1558 0.1558 US CPI, PKR/USD 4 Fixed O&M (Local) 0.6233 0.6233 Local CPI 5 Insurance 0.5377 0.5377 PKR/USD 6 Return on Equity 4.3199 4.3199 PKR/USD 7 Debt Servicing 7.6514 - 3 month KIBOR Total Capacity 13.2880 5.6367 Total Tariff 13.5478 5.8965 Levelized Tariff (PKR/kWh) 10.8837 Levelized Tariff (US cents/kWh) 10.3654
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 13-4 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Financial Evaluation
Table 13.5 Tariff Table Energy Charge Capacity Charge Total Year Variable O&M Fixed O&M Return Debt Servicing (Rs per Insurance on kWh) Local Foreign Local Foreign Equity Principal Interest 1 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 3.2374 4.4139 13.5478 2 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 3.5402 4.1112 13.5478 3 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 3.8712 3.7801 13.5478 4 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 4.2332 3.4181 13.5478 5 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 4.6291 3.0223 13.5478 6 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 5.0619 2.5894 13.5478 7 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 5.5353 2.1161 13.5478 8 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 6.0529 1.5985 13.5478 9 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 6.6189 1.0324 13.5478 10 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 7.2379 0.4135 13.5478 11 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 5.8965 12 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 5.8965 13 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 5.8965 14 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 5.8965 15 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 5.8965 16 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 5.8965 17 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 5.8965 18 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 5.8965 19 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 5.8965 20 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 5.8965 21 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 5.8965 22 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 5.8965 23 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 5.8965 24 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 5.8965 25 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 5.8965 26 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 5.8965 27 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 5.8965 28 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 5.8965 29 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 5.8965 30 0.1299 0.1299 0.6233 0.1558 0.5377 4.3199 5.8965 Levelized (Rs. per kWh) 10.8837 Levelized (US cents per kWh) 10.3654
13.10 PROJECTED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Projected financial statements for 30 years i.e. income statement, balance sheet and cash flow statement for the project are presented in Table 13.6
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Table 13.6 Finan PROJECTED INCOME 1 2 3 STATEMENT (USD million) 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 25 30 Revenue 12.23 12.23 12.23 12.23 12.23 12.23 12.23 12.23 12.23 12.23 5.32 5.32 5.32 5.32 Operating Costs 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.42 Water Use Charge ------Variable O&M 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 Fixed O&M 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 Insurance 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49 EBITDA 10.81 10.81 10.81 10.81 10.81 10.81 10.81 10.81 10.81 10.81 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 Depreciation 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 Earnings Before Interest 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 1.89 1.89 1.89 1.89 Short term Interest ------Long Term Interest Cost 3.99 3.71 3.41 3.09 2.73 2.34 1.91 1.44 0.93 0.37 - - - - Net Income 4.82 5.09 5.39 5.72 6.07 6.46 6.89 7.36 7.87 8.43 1.89 1.89 1.89 1.89
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 13-6 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Financial Evaluation
Balance Sheet (Rs. Million) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 25 30 Cash ------(15) Fixed Assets 58.20 56.20 54.19 52.18 50.18 48.17 46.16 44.15 42.15 40.14 30.11 20.07 10.04 0.00 Account Receivable ------DSRA ------Assets 58.20 56.20 54.19 52.18 50.18 48.17 46.16 44.15 42.15 40.14 30.11 20.07 10.04 (15.05) Long Term Debt 42.23 39.04 35.54 31.72 27.54 22.97 17.98 12.51 6.53 - - - - - Account Payable ------Working Capital Loan ------Paid Up Capital 15.05 15.05 15.05 15.05 15.05 15.05 15.05 15.05 15.05 15.05 15.05 15.05 15.05 - Retained Earnings 0.92 2.11 3.59 5.41 7.58 10.14 13.13 16.59 20.56 25.09 15.05 5.02 (5.02) (15.05) Equity 15.97 17.16 18.65 20.46 22.63 25.20 28.19 31.64 35.61 40.14 30.11 20.07 10.04 (15.05) Liabilities & Equity 58.20 56.20 54.19 52.18 50.18 48.17 46.16 44.15 42.15 40.14 30.11 20.07 10.04 (15.05)
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Table 13.6: Financial Statements Cash Flow (Rs. Million) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 25 30 Net Income 4.82 5.09 5.39 5.72 6.07 6.46 6.89 7.36 7.87 8.43 1.89 1.89 1.89 1.89 Depreciation 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 Account Recievable ------Account Payable ------Change in DSRA ------Net Operating Cash Flow 6.82 7.10 7.40 7.72 8.08 8.47 8.90 9.36 9.88 10.43 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 ------Net Investing Cash Flow ------Working Capital Loan ------Change in Long Term Debt (2.92) (3.20) (3.50) (3.82) (4.18) (4.57) (5.00) (5.46) (5.98) (6.53) - - - - DSRA Disbursement ------Net Financing Cash Flow (2.92) (3.20) (3.50) (3.82) (4.18) (4.57) (5.00) (5.46) (5.98) (6.53) - - - - Net Cash Flow 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 Opening Cash ------Closing Cash 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 Dividend Paid 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 Equity Redemption ------15.05 Cash After Dividends ------(15.05)
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 13 -8 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-1 Feasibility Study Financial Evaluation
13.11 KEY RATIOS & PROFITABILITY PARAMETERS
As is evident from the above mentioned projected financial statements the project generates positive returns for the sponsors after meeting all of its debt obligations. In this regard, key indicators for the project profitability and viability are provided in Table 13.7:
Table 13.7 Key Financial Parameters
Minimum Debt Service Coverage Ratio 1.56 Project Internal Rate of Return 12.01% Equity Internal Rate of Return 18. 82% Weighted Average Cost of Capital 11.49% Project NPV @ Weighted Average Cost of Capital USD 1.965 Million
13.12 ADJUSTMENTS/PASS THROUGH ITEMS
■ Tariff provided above is a base tariff and will be finally determined as per Mechanism for Determination of Tariffs for Hydropower Projects by the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority ("NEPRA"). ■ It is expected that the Power Purchaser will be responsible for procuring, financing, constructing, operating and maintenance of the interconnection on the Power Purchaser side, Metering System (as defined in the PPA) and the Power Purchaser transmission facilities at Project site. In such a case, the amount of project cost will be reduced based on the budgeted amount stated in Table 11. ■ Any tax on income of the Company from the sales of electricity, general sales tax and all other corporate taxes will be treated as pass-through items. In addition, other taxes shall be dealt with as per the provisions in upfront tariff determination by NEPRA of small hydropower projects. ■ Any non-project specific benefit/concession/incentives given to any other IPP/projects will also be given to the Company i.e. treating all IPPs equally. ■ No provision for the payment of Workers Welfare Fund and Workers Profit Participation has been made in the tariff. In case, the Company has to pay any such fund, that will be treated as pass through item in the Power Purchase Agreement.
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 13-9 A Project Sponsored by: S2 HYDRO LIMITED
PUNJAB POWER DEVELOPMENT BOARD ENERGY DEPARTMENT - GOVERNMENT OF PUNJAB
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF RASUL LOW HEAD HYDROPOWER PROJECT DISTRICT JHELUM (PUNJAB)
BAROAA.B Consulting Services (Pt., )Limited All Complex. 3rd Floor, 23-Empress Road, Lahore. Phone. 1-92-042-36360957 Fax: +92-042-36361040 E-mail. info(a)harqaab com Website: www barqaah corn MaNDOI ITU '7117D)U EDF .' .[XNMI L©a/ MEnP NUM©PCDMEE PRO,M`T RaUJI MaEM1gE
VOLUME-1 MAIN REPORT
VOLUME-2 DRAWINGS
VOLUME-3 ANNEXURES
-i- •
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS • RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-3 Feasibility Study Initial-Environmental E..amination port
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ADB Asian Development Bank
DCO District Coordination Officer
DDO District Development Officer
DFO Divisional Forest Officer
DISCO Electric Supply Distribution Companies
ECA Employment of Child Act
EDO Environment District Officer
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMF Electro-Magnetic Filed
EMMP Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan
EMP Environmental Management Plan
Env Environment
EPD Environment Protection Department
ESA Environmental and Social Assessment
GEPCO Gujranwala Electric Supply Company
GENCOS Thermal Powers Generation Companies
GOP Government of Pakistan
GRC Grievance Redressal Committee
GRM Grievance Redressal Mechanism
GT Road Grand Trunk Road
HRL Habib Rafiq (Pvt.) Ltd.
IEE Initial Environmental Examination
IPD Irrigation and Power Department
IPPs Independent Power Producing Companies
JBIC Japan Bank for International Cooperation
kV Kilo Volt
LAA Land Acquisition Act
LAC Land Acquisition Collector
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LAO Land Acquisition Officer
LESCO Lahore Electric supply Company
MCH Mother Child Health
NEQS National Environmental Quality Standards
NGO's Non Governmental Organization
PAPs Project Affected Persons
PCBs Polychlorinated Biphenyls
PEP Act Pakistan Environmental Protection Act
PEPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency
PEPC Pakistan Environmental Protection Council
PMU Project Management Unit
PNCS Pakistan National Conservation Strategy
PPDB Punjab Power Development Board
RAP Resettlement Action Plan
REA Rapid Environmental Assessment
RHC Rural Health Centers
RoW Right-of-Way
RP Resettlement Plan
RPF Resettlement Policy Framework
SOP Standard Operating Procedures
SCR Social Complaint Register
TMP Traffic Management Plan
TOR Terms of Reference
WAPDA Water and Power Development Authority
WB World Bank
WHO World Health Organization
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-3 Feasibility Study InitiarEnvimnmentat Examination grOport
INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE) REPORT RASUL LOW HEAD HYDROPOWER PROJECT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ES-1.0 INTRODUCTION
In the wake of the looming energy crisis in Pakistan, the supply of electricity has to be substantially increased on a war footing in order to avoid any severe consequences on the industrial, agricultural and socio-economic sectors. The multidimensional ongoing energy crisis has affected the life of every Pakistani and has shaped up into a matter of national concern. In the present age, without sufficient energy the wheel can't run on roads, industry and agriculture can't sustain, hospitals and operation theaters can't function, schools and laboratories can't work and public and private sector businesses can't operate. This is indeed the situation people are facing in Pakistan. The shortage of sufficient and affordable energy has not left any of the above-mentioned institutions operate smoothly. This summer, the country is facing about 6000 MW deficit, which is expected to widen in the coming years if the measures to improve the generation capacity of the country. This project aims at enhancing the capacity of the generation system by constructing an 18 MW low head hydropower project on the right bank of Jhelum River at Rasul Barrage.
The initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study has been carried out to identify and assess the physical, ecological and socio-economic impacts, both positive and adverse, and to propose mitigation measures for adverse impacts due to the construction of hydropower station, if any. Environmental Guidelines/Requirements of Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA), 1997 and Asian Development Bank (ADB) Guidelines, 2003 have been kept in mind during the study.
ES-2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
According to Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Guidelines, 2002 and the Asian Development (ADB) classification, the project relates to the "Hydropower Sector".
The hydropower development projects fall under category "B" of the projects, for which initial environmental examination (IEE) study is required, provided that the project has no potential significant negative impacts. The ADB guidelines describe that the Category "B" projects will have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree / significance than those for Category "A" projects.
The proposed power house is located on the right bank of Rasul Barrage Works at Jhelum River. The site falls in mouza Darapur Patwar circle of tehsil and district Jhelum. The site is about 40 km from Jhelum city. The other main city, Mandi Bahaudin, is located about 08 km across the Jhelum River, on its left bank. Location, Access and Layout maps are shown in EXIBIT-1 to EXIBIT-4.
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The scope of the IEE study is to examine the environmental aspects (social, economic, cultural, physical and ecological) of the project, in order to determine the requirements of an environmental management plan specifying mitigation measures for dealing with significant effects. The study has been conducted in accordance with the EIA Guidelines for Energy Sector issued by the Environmental and Urban Affairs Division of the Government of Pakistan; the guidelines of the international donor agencies, and within the provisions of Land Acquisition Act, the Environmental Protection Act and the National and Provincial Conservation Strategy Acts.
ES-3.0 METHODOLOGY
The data were collected from the secondary and primary sources. The power house and the allied civil works will be constructed on the government land; hence, no project affected persons (PAPs) were identified. However, 30 respondents from the adjoining village were selected, on random basis, to obtain some idea of the socio-economic life of the people of area. Before initiating the data collection, an initial screening was carried out to identify the environment and social issues and the perceptions of the people of the area about the project. The findings of the initial assessment were provided in the Initial Environmental and Social Assessment Report. The assessment provided a useful background for planning the data collection and other field activities for conducting the IEE of the Project. Following steps were adopted to carry out the IEE Study;
• Collection of Secondary Data • Collection of Primary Data • Village Profile Survey • Socio-Economic Baseline Survey • Identification of Stakeholders • Public Consultations • Assessment of Environmental And Social Impacts • Impact Scaling • Preparation of Environmental Management Plan (Emp) • Environmental and Social Budget
ES-4.0 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE
Baseline information on physical, biological and socio-economic environments of the Project site and its surroundings are listed below;
ES-4.1 Physical Environments
Land Resources
• Geographically Jhelum is divided into three regions, namely riverine, the upland and the plateau. There is a long stretch of plain around Jhelum itself, which is prolonged into a narrower strip along the course of the river, which is overlooked by hills, whereby the
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. ES - 2 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-3 Feasibility Study InitiarEnvironmentafEvmination import
mountains of the Salt Range and its off shoots cut the district and divide into two distinct lines of hills generally situated at a distance of about 8 km from each other. Each of these is made up of a number of parallel ridges. Generally after an interval of every 16 km these two main lines of hills bound in towards one another. Then they again separate, again run parallel and unite. • Significant geological feature of the project area is the alluvium deposit brought down by River Jhelum. Depth of such deposits may vary upto several thousand m and are of Pleistocene (50,000 years) to Recent (few hundred years) origin. • River Jhelum forms creeks, channels and basins depending on the quantum and pattern of flow and sediment load. Similarly many levees and bars are found. This phenomenon leads to development of active / recent flood plains, sub-recent flood plains and terraces. Accordingly the soils formed are sandy, silt loam / fine sand and calcareous / fine textured respectively. • Total area of Marialah village is 2128 acres. Being located in the sub-mountainous zone of the district, on the right bank of Jhelum River, no canal network exists in this part of the district and cultivation of crops is made through lift pumps, tubewells and natural streams. The lands of the project site are subject to inundation and seepage from the river particularly in the rainy and flood seasons.
Water Resources
• River Jhelum is the main river in the area. It frequently meanders. The other main source of surface water is the streams. The water of these streams is stored by making small dams. This water is used for drinking and irrigation purposes. There is no canal irrigation in the district. The area is thinly populated. No industry is installed in the project corridor. Thus, the water is of satisfactory quality for irrigation and domestic use.
• Depth of water table in the project area varies from 10 to 20m. Because of nonexistence of any polluting source, the ground water is fit for irrigation and drinking purposes.
• Generally the area is well drained. The natural drainage features of the district are characterized by rivers and streams. The rivers in the district are the Jhelum and Kaushi, the rest are streams and hill torrents. The Jhelum River skirts the district for about 192 km, in south and east and the Kaushi confines itself to the north-east. The Kaushi River comes into the Jhelum district from Rawalpindi. Its journey through the district is rather short and confined to the northern borders of Jhelum tehsil and large sections of it actually mark the boundary. The remaining streams of the district consist nearly of the sandy or rocky torrents which descend from the hills or issue out from the ravines. • The pond area of Rasul Barrage is the major wetland in the area. • Fishing is done in the River Jhelum both for commercial and domestic purposes. There are no fish ponds in the area. • The project area is subjected to inundation and seepage in rainy and flood seasons. The area is well drained, therefore, no salinity is observed.
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. ES-3 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-3 Feasibility Study Environmenta Examination 14,port
Aesthetic, Recreational and Tourism Potential
Rasul Barrage is a very attractive tourist place and very fine picnic spots can be developed here. The people are loving and accommodating and cooperative with the visitors and tourists. This place gives a good view of the river and the barrage.
Climate
Climate is extremely hot in summer and cold in winter. The month of May, June and July are dry and the hottest when the temperature soars up to 47 centigrade. The months of December and January are very cool and frosty when the temperature at night drops to the extent of 2 centigrade or even below.
Air Quality There exist no industrial units or other air polluting sources in the vicinity of the project area. • The volume of traffic on Rasul-Jhelum-Pind Dadan Khan road is no enough to cause air pollution.
ES-4.2 Ecological Environments
Flora
Vegetation of the forests of Jhelum is comprised of dry deciduous schrub type. Phulai, Dau, Kikar and Sanatha are the main species. The stocking on the whole is poor and the forests are open. Vegetation is poor on sand stone and red marl.
Forestry
There are no forests in the project area except the natural plantation in the bed and along banks of River Jhelum. The Kikar (Acacia arbica) is the most common tree in the project area. It is hard, grows quickly, and meets almost all he needs of the agriculturists. Its bark is • extensively employed in tanning leather and its desi variety yields excellent timber, which can be fashioned into all kinds of agricultural implements. The Tahli (Dalberagia sissoo) is also common and the forestation carried out by Pakistan Army in the project area mostly comprised of this tree.
Fauna
The fauna of the district is indigenous, like the vegetation, but at the same time, varied and interesting. The rugged and rough terrain, low rainfall, the scantly cover of vegetation and the burning passion of the increasing number of hunters, all have their share in limiting the animal kingdom in the district. The riverine areas offer a better environment than elsewhere though the hills support a more interesting wildlife.
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. ES -4 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-3 Feasibility Study Initial-Environmental-Examination &port
• Urial and chinckara are sport aids while wild pigs are found in the Salt Range. Wolves, foxes and wild cats are also found. Hare is fairly common. • A few bird communities are seen in the area. Chikor, grey and black partridge, peacocks, green parrots, owls, and myna are found in the parts of the district.
• Migratory ducks like teal pintail, mallard and some geese visit during winter particularly in the riverine areas. • Fishing is done in the Jhelum River both for commercial and domestic purposes. Rahu, Thaila, Mori, Mullee, Khagga and Sanghara are the commonly caught species. There are no fish ponds in the area. • There are no significant plant species of medicinal value in the area. • There are no plant and animal species which are endangered. The existing ecosystems are favourable for survival of biodiversity.
ES-4.3 Socio-Economic Environment
• The project area falls in district Jhelum. The Jhelum district is administratively divided into four tehsils: Jhelum, Sohawa, Pind Dadan Khan and Dina, which are divided into 54 Union Councils. The administration headquarter of the district is situated at Jhelum. The Zila Nazim is the overall incharge of the District administration. The administrative set up consists of District Coordination Officer (DCO), Executive Development Officer (Revenue), District Officer (Revenue) and District Development Officer (General). The DDO (General) directly looks after the matters of the Tehsil Revenue Offices. Each tehsil (sub-division) has a revenue setup consisting of Tehsildar and Naib Tehsildar, who have a number of Quanugos under each. Each Qanugo looks after the work of several Patwaries of his Pitwar Circle. The Patwaries stay in their villages and maintain an updated land record of their `Mouzas'. There are 595 Mouzas in District Jhelum. The people's participation in the political process is ensured through the elected institutions of District Council, Tehsil Councils and Union Councils.
• The project area falls in Marialah village of Darapur Patwar circle / qanugo halqa (the term halqa denotes a revenue territory) in Jhelum tehsil. Population of Marialah village, according to 1998 Census report was 1427 persons. The male to female ratio works out to be 1.02:1. The average household size is 6.5 persons. The population generally is comprised of Jats, Mughals, Awans, Rajput and Syeds. The population density of the village comes to 200 persons per km2, based on 1998 census data. As far as their settlement pattern is concerned, 100 percent of the population reside in rural areas. Total number of households works out to be 263. Of these, 146 (56%) are pacca houses, 11 (04%) semi-pacca and 106 (40%) are katcha houses.
• The project area lacks educational facilities. There are only two primary schools in Marialah village, one for boys and one for girls. The high school level education facilities for boys are available in the nearby settlement of Darapur, at a distance of about 07 km on Jhelum Road. For girls, there exists a middle school at Darapur. The other nearest centre with high school and college level facilities is the Mandi Bahaudin, at a distance
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of about 8 km from the project area. Out of total population of the village, the number of literate persons comes to 240 which are 17 percent of the total population.
• The area is also deficient in health care facilities. Only one basic health unit is available in the village. There exists no mother and child health care (MCH) or rural health centres (RHCs) in the village. The nearest RHC is at Darapur, at a distance of about 07 km. Absence of any maternity home or female doctor or nurse results into complications for female patients. Similarly, the patients have to go to Mandi Bahaudin or Jhelum in case of emergencies.
• The cropping intensity in the area works out to be 90 percent. The general cropping pattern includes wheat, rice and fodder crops. The survey has revealed that the area under the impact of proposed project works is comprised of the restricted area of Rasul Barrage, on its right side where no regular cultivation is made.
• The project area lacks in basic social amenities like gas, water supply, sewerage and health care. Electricity was available to about 89 percent of the households. The health care, education and telephone facilities also existed in the area. However, majority of the people showed their dissatisfaction about the quality of services provided.
• The survey has revealed that participation rate of women in various socio-economic activities in the project corridor is generally high, almost 100 % in case of household activities, child caring and carrying out social obligations. Their participation rate in case of farm activities, livestock rearing, sale & purchase of property and local representation stood at 85%, 90%, 65% and 25%, respectively.
ES-5.0 ESTIMATION OF PROJECT LOSSES
As indicated in the initial environmental assessment study, the project will not have adverse impacts on the physical, biological and social environment to a large extent. No privately owned land, structure or asset will be affected by the project; hence, no Project Affected Persons (PAPs) have been identified. Only minor to moderate impacts are envisaged during construction and operation stages. On the overall, the project will exert major positive impacts by creation of jobs during construction stage and adding to the deficient power generation system resulting in an increased industrial and agricultural activity in the area. The initial assessment of the project has revealed the following environmental impacts due to the construction of project;
• Acquisition of about 91 acres of land will be required on the project. This land will be utilized for construction of the Headrace and Tailrace channels, the power house, contractors / consultants' residential camps, offices, W/shops stores etc. and one residential colony for the O&M staff of the power house. All the land proposed for the project belongs to Punjab Irrigation Department. • About 6149 non-fruit trees will need removal from the RoW of power channel and from the site proposed for other civil works.
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• The pond created by Rasul Barrage is the main wet land in the vicinity of the project. The project will not exert any negative impacts on the bio-diversity of this wet land. Apart from this, there exist no sensitive areas in and around the project such as national parks, areas for ethnic minorities, sites of cultural heritage, site of historical value, etc. • No mosques and graves will be affected due to implementation of the proposed Project. Similarly, no archaeological and historical sites were observed in the vicinity of project corridor.
ES-6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN
The EMMP provides mechanism to address the adverse environmental and social impacts of the project during its execution, to enhance project benefits and to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for all project works. Overall objectives of socio-economic and environmental monitoring plan are to:
• Identify and assess socio-economic and environmental status and trends continuously • Act as an early warning system, by identifying any sudden socio-economic and environmental deterioration that needs to be countered. • Afford effective socio-economic and environmental surveillance and to provide reliable information upon which continued socio-economic and environmental management of the project can be updated and refined. • Identify and recommend time-specific detailed socio-economic and environmental post- evaluation at ESA level. • Assess effectiveness of the mitigation and enhancement measures and to take prompt decisions on any additional measures. • Ascertain the nature and extent of impacts, which were uncertain at the time of IEE / EIA study and to allow suitable mitigation measures to be formulated. • Monitor actual impacts on environmental and socio-economic aspects of the Project. • Provide early warning to the project management whether intensity of an impact is severer than the one predicted. • Suggest mitigation measures for the impacts whose intensity is severer than those predicted during the ESA process. • Furnish feedbacks for correction of any deficiencies / improper situations. • Ensure compliance with the administrative and legal frameworks. • Ensure fulfillment of the obligations required under NEQS. • Ensure proper disposal of excavated soil and excess construction materials. • Monitor tree plantation at the specified locations. • Monitor effective implementation of mitigation measures. • Monitor the achievement of overall socio-economic and environmental targets • Suggest modifications/ improvements, if any.
ES-7.0 PUBLIC CONSULTATION STRATEGY
A continued process of keeping the stakeholders informed and receiving their feedback at various stages of project implementation will provide a good measure to improve the social acceptability of the project and also will ensure the participation of the stakeholders in the process of project development. Public consultations will be made at each stage of the
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. ES - 7 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-3 Feasibility Study Envimnmntaf Examination import project, i.e. design, construction and operation. A description of these consultations along with issues to be discussed and target participants is provided, as follows.
ES-7.1 Public Consultations at Design Stage
The public consultations at design stage will involve the dissemination of project objectives and details of works to the general stakeholders for their opinions about the project through consultative meetings. The stakeholders will be asked to share their views about the project and give suggestions about the project design, keeping in view the area specific issues. The discussions and suggestions from these meetings will be used for improving the project design to the levels of social acceptance. Further, scoping sessions and focused group discussions with the people having specific stakes in areas where the proposed project interventions are planned to be implemented, will be carried out to record their views and concerns about the project, if any.
ES-7.2 Construction Stage Consultations
The construction stage consultations will be made in areas where the construction activities are under way. The target participants will be the individual persons and communities in the area. The major issues at this stage may include the views and concerns of the stakeholders about the contractors' working behavior, relating to compensation, etc. Scoping sessions will be held with these stakeholders to appraise them about the project works and receive their feedback in terms of their concerns and views about the pace and quality of works; and the problems they are experiencing due to project works and mitigation suggestions from the stakeholders.
ES-7.3 Post Construction Stage Consultations
The target participants will be the stakeholders with in the direct influence of the proposed interventions. The major issues may relate to environmental and social aspects, i.e. unattended ditches & debris by the contractor, pending cases of non-payment of compensation to the PAPs due to any reason, etc. Individual consultations and scoping sessions will be made with these stakeholders to share their views about the post construction socio-environmental impacts of the project and remedial measures.
ES-8.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
ES-8.1 Conclusions
The findings of the IEE study are furnished as follows.
Existence of Sensitive Areas
The pond created by Rasul Barrage is the main wet land in the vicinity of the project. The project will not exert any negative impacts on the bio-diversity of this wet land. Apart from
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. ES-8 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-3 Feasibility Study InitiafEnvimnmentafExamination Wgi,ort this, there exist no sensitive areas in and around the project such as national parks, areas for ethnic minorities, sites of cultural heritage, site of historical value, etc.
Existence of Sensitive Characteristics
There exists no impact bearing sensitive characteristics except tree cutting from the RoW of power channel and from the site proposed for other civil works, for which ample budgetary provisions has been made for compensatory plantation in the surrounding areas.
Scale of Sensitive Characteristics
The sensitive characteristics relating to the project will be of site specific and in limited scale. No resettlement issues are expected to arise.
Indigenous and Vulnerable Persons and Female Headed Households
No indigenous persons or female-headed household, being affected by the project, were identified.
Cultural, Religious, Archaeological and Historical Sites
No mosques and graves; and sites of archaeological and historical importance will be affected due to implementation of the proposed Rasul Low Head Hydropower Project.
Project Negative Impacts
• The construction stage will face a few negative impacts in form of dust, smoke and noise on account of employment of vehicles, machinery and equipment. The generation of construction waste, solid waste and oil spills/seepage will have negative impacts on land and air resources. All such impacts are temporary and are of minor nature. The mitigation measures have been suggested in the EMMP. • The project operation phase will come across issues such, leakage/seepage of transformer oil, generation of noise from transformers and waste management. These are reversible impacts and accordingly mitigation measures have been given in the EMMP. • About 6149 shade trees will need removal, from the RoW of the power channel and the site proposed for allied civil works.
Major Positive Impacts
The major positive impacts of the Rasul Low Head Hydropower Project at Rasul Barrage are given as under:
• The Project will not pose any resettlement or relocation issues. The land proposed for the project belongs to Irrigation Department, Government of Punjab. • Significant improvement in reliability and stability of electric supply system is envisaged. • The operation of the project will result in improving the voltage profile.
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• The project will help in reducing the unemployment situation. More jobs will be created for the locals at construction stage. • There will be an increase in the socio-economic activities. • There is insignificant environmental damage to local land, water and biological resources.
Environmental and Social Management Budget
The Environmental and Social Management cost works out to be about Rs. 9.300 million
ES-8.2 Recommendations
In view of the above mentioned conclusions of the IEE study the following recommendations are made.
• Compensatory plantation should be carried out in lieu of removed, at suitable sites. • The diversion road should be constructed for the smooth and uninterrupted flow of traffic at Rasul-Jhelum-Pind Dadan Khan Road, during the construction of power channel. • The access of the residents to their farms should not be affected on permanent basis. • The provisions of the EMMP should be implemented in letter and spirit. • The EMMP will be the part of the project contract documents.
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EXHIBITS 0 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-3 Feasibility Study Initial Environmental' Eacamination *port
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INTRODUCTION 0 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-3 Feasibility Study Initial-Environmental-Examination *Tort
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
The power shortages in the country seriously affected the socio-economic life patterns of the people of Pakistan. It has affected the expansion in industrial base of the country on one hand and growth in agricultural and industrial sectors, on the other. Frequent and constant load-shedding has also impacted the social behaviours. Demand for electricity is a function of number of factors such as population growth, agricultural development and growth in industrial and trade activities. In Pakistan, population is increasing @ 1.92 percent per annum according to 2015 population estimates. The population of the country stood at 191.71 Million persons in 2015. The GDP growth rate in 2014-15 was 4.24 percent as compared with 2.0 percent in 2001-02. The sectoral growth rates for agriculture and manufacturing 2.9 percent and 3.17 percent respectively. This pace of development can only be sustained if the life-line for all these activities, i.e. the electricity is made available to all consumer groups at cheaper rates. Due to non-expansion in the power generation system, particularly the hydropower, the gap in the demand and supply of electricity in the country is increasing day by day. The power system of Pakistan has a total installed capacity of 24,906 megawatts (MW). Of these, hydel power is shared by 7,115 MW while 16,748 MW come from thermal generation, 787 MW are produced by nuclear power project and 256 MW are produced by wind. Out the total thermal power, about 46 percent (%) is generated by the WAPDA controlled thermal generation companies (GENC0s) and the rest is shared by the Independent Power Producing Companies (IPPs). The breakup of existing installed capacity of the integrated system is provided in Table 1-1.
According to The World Bank estimates, Pakistan's peak demand now exceeds 17,000 MW and the present installed capacity has become inadequate on account of the wide variations in the water availability that greatly reduces the capacity available. Pakistan is facing about 5000 — 6000 MW shortages. This gap is expected to expand further in the coming years if the capacity of the power generation system is not enhanced. This has necessitated that the power generation in the country be expanded to fulfill the demand for power for various economic groups for sustained economic growth. Realizing the gravity of the situation, policies at federal and provincial levels have been devised to fully harness the hydro power development opportunities. The province evolved a power policy in September 2005, in pursuance of the federal government's Power Policy 2002 that allows all the provinces to develop small and medium power projects up to 50 MW capacity each. The Punjab. policy covers development and implementation of such projects in public or private sector and under public-private partnership. A number of facilities and incentives are being offered to the private sector for the projects, while in the first phase the provincial government plans to establish a few projects on its own.
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1.2 HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL OF PUNJAB
Pakistan has one of the largest and advanced irrigation systems in the world. While canal network in Punjab, as in other parts of the country, is primarily for irrigation purposes, it has significant hydropower potential that mostly has remained un-exploited so far. The province has five rivers and huge irrigation network. Punjab Irrigation system is one of the largest systems in the world, having fourteen (14) barrages, main canals, link canals and branch canals of huge discharges. About 400 sites have been identified in Punjab, along existing barrages and canal falls to create a total of 600-MW power generation capacity. Almost all the sites are low head and offer an opportunity to generate additional electricity, at lower cost, even less than a rupee per kWh. Number of total sites will increase when Falls on branch canals, distributaries and streams are also considered and studied. Government of Punjab also announced Policy "Punjab Power Generation Policy Year 2006" to involve Private Sector in the development of hydro electric and other source of electric power. The investment on these projects by the private sector will be made on Build, Own, Operate and Transfer (BOOT) basis. These power stations will be transferred to the government at the end of concession period of 25-30 years from the commercial operation. The proposed small hydro network will thus complement and supplement present installed power generation capacity to meet future power demand. These projects may also provide an alternate solution for rural electrification, as all the projects may not be connected to the national grid for economic reasons.
1.3 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS (PROJECT PROPONENT)
The provincial governments are authorized under the Constitution of Pakistan to undertake activities in the power sector. As such, the Government of the Punjab set up the Punjab Power Development board (PPDB) under Irrigation and Power Department (IPD) in 1995 for development of power projects through private and public sector participation. Government of Punjab has established Project Management Unit (PMU) which is responsible for the development of hydel power projects through Government funding.
1.4 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT
The project has been identified in the studies initiated in Pakistan in early 80's by WAPDA in collaboration with GTZ of FRG under technical cooperation program, to make use of falls available at barrages and canals of the country's irrigation network for generating hydro electricity with application of Low Head Technology. In 1992, Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) had assessed the potential of hydro power generation, having carried out pre-feasibility / feasibility studies at various sites. Subsequently, the government of Punjab offered about 22 sites to the private sector for setting up these small hydro power stations during the period 1994 to 1997. However, not a single project could materialize. These projects are available once again, among others, for investment by the
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 1-2 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-3 Feasibility Study Initial Environmental Evmination ,port private sector. As such, construction of a low head hydropower project at Rasul Barrage has been assigned by the government to M/s S2 Hydro (Pvt.) Limited.
1.5 APPOINTMENT OF THE CONSULTANTS
To fulfill the requirements of the IEE study, the Client, M/s S2 Hydro (Pvt.) Limited; appointed M/s BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Limited, to prepare the feasibility level study. The IEE report is part of the studies. An Agreement to this effect was concluded between the Client and the Consultant.
1.6 METHODOLOGY
1.6.1 General
The data were collected from the secondary and primary sources. The power house and the allied civil works will be constructed on the government land; hence, no project affected persons (PAPs) were identified. However, 30 respondents from the adjoining village were selected, on random basis, to obtain some idea of the socio-economic life of the people of area. Before initiating the data collection, an initial screening was carried out to identify the environment and social issues and the perceptions of the people of the area about the project. The findings of the initial assessment were provided in the Initial Environmental and Social Assessment Report. The assessment provided a useful background for planning the data collection and other field activities for conducting the IEE of the Project.
1.6.2 Collection of Secondary Data
The project documents relating to technical aspects were obtained from the Client. Data / information relating to the environmental and social characteristics of the proposed project area was collected from the concerned Local Government Offices, Revenue Department, Agriculture Department, Forest Department, Irrigation Department, Fisheries Department etc. in Jhelum district. The Census Report of Jhelum district was consulted, as well.
1.6.3 Collection of Primary Data
The IEE study required the collection of data / information from the real field settings. To achieve this end, two types of questionnaires for data collection were prepared in the light of the experience gained during the reconnaissance survey, as described below.
• Village Profile Survey for the collection of macro level information relating to the existence of socio-economic infrastructure in the villages / rural settlements in the vicinity of the power house. • Socio-economic Survey to develop an overall baseline profile of the people of the area in respect of their socio-economic behaviors and attitudes towards the developmental activity to be carried out in the area.
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1.6.4 Village Profile Survey
The survey was conducted in the adjoining village Marrialah to collect information on socio- agro-economic characteristics of the adjoining area. The information collected through this survey has been used in developing the socio-economic profile of the project area.
1.6.5 Socio-Economic Baseline Survey
A sample survey in the project area was carried out to develop a socio-economic baseline of the general population in the vicinity of project. For this purpose, 30 households from the adjoining village were included in the sample of the study, on random basis. A pre- structured questionnaire, shown as Annexure-2 was used for data collection. The survey focused on the following features of the sample population.
• Demographic characteristics • Education and literacy • Nature of business/occupation • Income and expenditure pattern • Housing characteristics and amenities • Value of land • Women role in socio-economic life • Conflict resolution mechanism
1.6.6 Identification of Stakeholders
The stakeholders are defined as those people, departments, communities, NGOs, etc., whose land, business, structures, installations, interests, etc. are affected by the project activities, positively or negatively. Project stake holders are of two types, i.e. primary and secondary. Primary stakeholders are those individuals who are directly affected. The secondary stakeholders are the groups from the civil society, department, local bodies, NGOs, etc. who may be impacted by the project interventions. The following stakeholders were identified in case of Rasul Low Head Hydropower Project.
• Farmers • Land owners (private and official) • Business Community • Electric Supply Distribution Companies (DISCO) • Industrial Units • Various Govt. Departments such as Irrigation, Highway, NHA, Local Government, Agriculture, Forest, Telecommunication, etc. • Hospitals and Schools • Army
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1.6.7 Public Consultations
The consultations were made with the stakeholders and general public to learn their views and concerns about the proposed development works. The concerns raised by the stakeholders were considered in developing the environmental and social mitigation plan, in order to enhance the Project acceptability for the general public on socio-environmental considerations. The main objectives of the consultation were to provide a collective sense of ownership for key stakeholders, to voice concerns or suggestions to the Project team and to develop a collective sense of ownership for the activities of the Project team.
1.6.8 Assessment of Environmental and Social Impacts
The following factors were considered and analyzed to make an assessment of the impacts 40 of various environmental and social issues (both negative and positive).
• Nature, magnitude or degree of impact • Extent of impact on development work • Time or duration and/or frequency of the impact • Probability of likelihood of the impact occurrence • Importance or sensitivity of the impact.
1.6.9 Impact Scaling
Impact scaling applied to assess the positive or negative impact of each environmental and social issue was +3, +2, and +1 for major impact, for moderate impact and for minor impact, respectively. The respective scales for assessing the negative impacts were -3,-2 and -1.
1.6.10 Preparation Of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) 0 On the basis of analysis of data collected through surveys and public consultations, the assessment of social and environmental issues related to the project design, construction and operation stages was made. These issues were addressed in the environmental and social mitigation plan. Mitigation measures were identified vis-a-vis suggesting the mitigation actions and agencies responsible to undertake these measures.
1.6.11 Environmental And Social Budget
Based on the detailed evaluation of the environmental and resettlement issues, the costs of Environmental Management and Resettlement Plans have been worked out. These costs are discussed in Chapter 8.
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TABLE 0 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-3 Feasibility Study InitiafEnvironmentaf Examination *port
Table 1-1
Installed Generation Capacity in Pakistan
Capacity Percent (%) Serial Description (MW) Share
1 Hydro 7115 28.6
2 Thermal (GENCOs) 7663 30.8
3 IPPs 9085 36.5
4 Nuclear 787 3.2
5 Wind 256 1
Total 24906 100.00 Source: Power Planning Organization, WAPDA
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DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 0 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-3 Feasibility Study Initial- Envimnmentat Examination import
CHAPTER-2
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
2.1 TYPE AND CATEGORY
According to Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Guidelines, 2002 and the Asian Development (ADB) classification, the project relates to the "Hydropower Sector".
The hydropower development projects fall under category "B" of the projects, for which initial environmental examination (IEE) study is required, provided that the project has no potential significant negative impacts. The ADB guidelines describe that the Category "B" projects will have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree / significance than those for Category "A" projects. An Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is required to determine whether or not significant environmental impacts warranting an EIA are likely. If an IEE concludes that the project will not have any significant adverse environmental impacts, then the environmental assessment is deemed complete and the IEE is regarded as the final environmental assessment report. According to the initial environmental screening, the project seems to have no significant negative impacts.
2.2 NEED OF THE PROJECT
In the wake of the looming energy crisis in Pakistan, the supply of electricity has to be substantially increased on a war footing in order to avoid any severe consequences on the industrial, agricultural and socio-economic sectors. The multidimensional ongoing energy crisis has affected the life of every Pakistani and has shaped up into a matter of national concern. In the present age, without sufficient energy the wheel can't run on roads, industry and agriculture can't sustain, hospitals and operation theaters can't function, schools and laboratories can't work and public and private sector businesses can't operate. This is indeed the situation people are facing in Pakistan. The shortage of sufficient and affordable energy has not left any of the above-mentioned institutions operate smoothly. This summer, the country is facing about 6000 MW deficit, which is expected to widen in the coming years if the measures to improve the generation capacity of the country.
2.3 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT
Rasul Low Head Hydro Power Project is located at Rasul Barrage on Jhelum River. It is situated about 70 kilometers downstream of Mangla Dam in District. Jhelum, Province of Punjab. The site is accessible from N-5 from Gujrat and Sarai Alamgir along the UJC (about 200 Km, from Lahore). The project site is also connected to the Motorway M-2, through Bhera Interchange about 100 Km away. Project location and access plan are shown in Figure 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 & 2.4.
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The coordinates of the site are:
N: 32° 40' 54" E: 73° 31' 08"
2.4 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT
2.4.1 Hydrology
Climate
The climate of the project area is generally hot and dry in summer (April to September) and cold in winter (October to March). Rainfall varies from 11 mm in November to 244 mm in July. In summer, temperature in the project area varies from 25o to 33o C, while in winter, temperature falls even below 12o C. Average relative humidity varies from 59 to 89 %. Wind speed varies from 2.4 to 2.7 knots in June and July respectively.
Hydrological Data Processing
Water Availability
Post Mangla Dam Raising data for the period of 2010 — 2015 has been used to estimate water availability. Daily data was converted into 10 daily data to estimate the water availability on 10 daily basis. From the data it was observed that the flow pattern of Jhelum River at Rasul Barrage has entirely changed after Mangla Dam Raising. Flows at Rasul Barrage has significantly increased specially in low flow season. 10 daily available water is shown graphically in Figure 2.5.
Figure 2.5 Average 10 Daily Flows D/S Rasul Barrage
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In order to ascertain flow availability throughout the year, flow duration curve is drawn on 10-daily downstream flow record for the period of 2010 - 2015. At 25, 30 and 35% of time flow availability is 512, 471 and 417 cumecs respectively, however, design discharge of 360 cumecs will be available about 42 % time of the year.
Barrage Operation
The barrage operation, besides meeting the demand of canal water supplies in the two canals on the left bank, will also take care of the demand of water to run the power house. The barrage pond level in the proposed operation will be kept the same i.e. at 219.15 m (719 ft) as already maintained to meet the demands of canal supplies in summer and winter seasons. The operation of the gates of under sluices on the left and right sides as well as standard bays of the barrage will be regulated during the flood and low flow seasons in such a way that the sediments and the bed load clearance upstream of the barrage may not create any problem with the passage of time. Due to sudden load rejection of the power house, the Governing system of the Turbines/Generators will be connected to the radial gates of right pockets though special arrangements, so that during such emergencies supplies of the power canals could be by-passed downstream to Barrage. The existing operation manual of the Barrage will accordingly be amended in consultation of Irrigation Department before completion of the project.
2.4.2 Power and Energy Potential
Power and energy potential at the site have been estimated on 10-day basis using post Mangla Dam Raising (2010) flow series. The historic pond levels of Rasul barrage and tail water levels on the downstream side of the barrage was used to compute the head across available for power generation. The installed capacity of the plant has been selected as 18.00 MW with average mean annual energy of 94.80 GWh. The plant factor has been calculated as 60.12%.
2.4.3 Geology, Geotechnics and Seismicity
Geology
Geologically the project area is a part of upper Indus Basin (Kohat-Potwar Province) of the Pakistan and tectonically falls in Salt Range and Kohat — Potwar Plateau Belt area. A Regional sedimentary sequence of Salt Range and Kohat — Potwar Fold Belt ranging from Eocambrian to Recent is exposed in the Salt Range and Kohat — Potwar Plateau.
Geological mapping of the project area including Pond area, headiace channel, powerhouse tailrace channel, and Borrow areas of construction material were carried out. Rocks were not exposed in the project area, there were only alluvial deposits such as
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Sandy Silt, Silty Sand and Silty Clay with sand at places, all the alluvial deposits were deposited by the Jhelum River and its tributaries in the area and are of sub-recent age.
Geotechnics
Geotechnical Investigation
The geotechnical investigation program for Rasul Hydropower Scheme comprises 140 m of exploratory boreholes at Proposed Power House area and Bridge location.
The drilling of exploratory borehole was carried out using Straight Rotary Drilling Technique and representative samples were recovered. Beside, Insitu testing including Permeability and SPT at different was also carried out.
At the power house location a thin layer of sandy silt at the top is observed which overlaid by fine sand to a depth of 15m in BH-2 & BH-3 whereas 27 m in BH-4. At the bridge location, the depth of fine sand layer continues to a depth of 20 m. From El. 202.00 to EL. 193.00, the gravely sand is observed in BH-2 and BH-4 whereas the gravelly sand layer was not encountered in BH-3 and BH-1.
A layer comprising silty clay is observed in all the boreholes at the power house and bridge locations. The depth of this layer ranges from 3m in BH-2 to 7m in BH-3. This layer is overlained by fine sand layer up to the maximum drilling depth of 40m.
The ground water level is observed at an average depth of about 2.5 below the ground surface.
Standard Penetration Tests (SPTs) were carried out in the boreholes as per ASTM D-1586 at every 1 m depth interval, in general. The average SPT Values for the power house corresponding to Layer 1 from depth 0-13 m, Layer-2 from 13-22, and Layer-3 from depth 22-35 are 22, 60 and 82 respectively. For the bridge location, these values corresponding to Layer 1 from depth 0-10 m, Layer-2 from 10-20, and Layer-3 from depth 20-40 are 18, 58 and 82 respectively.
In order to estimate the quantity of dewatering and recharge rate of the power house excavation pit, field permeability testing using constant head technique at the selected depths were conducted. Total twenty eight (28) field permeability tests at the power house location revealed the permeability values ranging from 1.3 x 10-6 cm/sec to 3.60 x 104 cm/sec.
Twenty* One (21) grain size analysis tests carried out on SPT/UDS samples of the soils collected from boreholes at proposed power house and bridge location. These majorly
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 2 - 4 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-3 Feasibility Study InitiaREnvimnmentaCExamination Rcport comprises (18 samples) as SP/SM and a layer of CUML (3 samples) according to Unified Soil Classification System.
Two (02) Atterberg Limit tests were carried out on soil selected samples. The liquid limit of fine grained soil layer is 38 % whereas the plasticity index is 16. This corresponds to generally high plasticity.
Direct shear test were carried out on six (6) soil samples. The test results of samples indicate an angle of internal friction varying from 31.5° to 35.5° with zero cohesion intercept. Consolidation tests were performed on three (3) selected samples revealed that max.
Cv = 2.21 x 10-4 cm2/sec and Cc= 0.17.
Power House Foundation
The power house pit is about 60 m long 60 m wide. On the basis of field and laboratory tests evaluation, the proposed type of foundation for the power house is Mat/ Raft Foundation. The allowable bearing capacity of the soil at the proposed depth of 15.5 m below ground surface level is 544 KPa (5.68 t/ft2). The maximum elastic settlement of the mat foundation corresponding to a contact pressure of 200 KN/m2 (2 t/ft2) is calculated to be 49 mm. This settlement calculation includes the relief of overburden. The recommended design value is 2 t/ft2.
Bridge Foundation
The proposed A.R. Bridge foundation at the project site is Pile Foundation. A pile group comprising 5 piles in row, each 1.4 m apart, will be provided to elevation 219.62 m and diameter of individual pile in the group will be 0.91m. Pile cap will be provided with top elevation of 221.12 m and thickness of 1.50 m. The average length of pile will be 28 m.
Dewatering
The water table at the project area fluctuates between from 2.5m to 5m throughout the year. A two stage dewatering system comprising dewatering well is proposed for the dewatering system. The calculation of total water quantities and the cone of depression have been carried out by using coefficient of permeability equal to 1.0 x 10-4 cm /s. A total 90 number of pumps with a capacity 0.5 cusec each will be required in the first stage and in the second stage 50 pumps with capacity of 0.5 cusec each are sufficient for this purpose.
Construction Materials
Adequate quantities of construction materials are available in vicinity of the project area which includes fine and coarse materials. Sandstone of the Siwalik group will be used as
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 2-5 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-3 Feasibility Study Initial-Environmental-Examination 14port stone pitching material which is extensively out cropped in the Rohtas and Tarkai area along the GT road from Jhelum to Rawalpindi. Also Irrigation & Power Department in Rasul division is already running a quarry at Baghanwala at a distance of 45 km. Good quality stone available at Baghanwala quarry can be utilized. These potential borrow sources are within 60 km radius from Rasul Barrage.
Seismicity
On the basis of earthquake data, GSP has prepared a map showing seismic Hazard zones of Pakistan. According to the seismic zoning map of Pakistan, the Project area falls in zone- 2 liable for Minor to Moderate damage corresponding to Max. Intensity 7.5 of Modified Mercelli (MM) scale. Accordingly, the seismic factor equal to and greater than 0.1g horizontal ground acceleration with maximum credible earthquake (MCE) is suggested for design of Rasul Low Head Power House and its appurtenant structure. The Operation Basis Earthquake (OBE) is proposed to be of 0.07g.
2.4.4 PROJECT LAYOUT
The selection of final layout and sizing of a Hydro Power Project involves a large number of interdependent activities such as establishing a theoretical case based on desk studies, sizing of Power Plant, energy calculations, hydraulic modeling and economic considerations. The procedure starts one-dimensional and involves further development under multi-dimensional options keeping in view the topography, geology, seismicity and hydrology of the project area. The design discharge has to be determined in view of construction cost and power generation. Changes in the design discharge will result into the change in the size of Plant and structures, project costs, annual energy and benefits. Costs for different plant sizes are compared with benefits of power generation keeping in view the policies related to peak and off-peak prices. Considering these multi-dimensional conditions, an optional plant size is determined, covering engineering and economical aspects.
The most feasible layout for Rasul Hydropower Project is the right by-pass arrangement with the proposed Jalalpur Canal off-taking from the right pocket of Rasul Barrage and crossing the powerhouse in an aqueduct, constructed atop the draft tubes. As the designers of Jalalpur Irrigation Canal have signaled their intention of not introducing any curvature in the alignment, till it is well clear of the power channel, the location of powerhouse is more or less fixed. This rules out any possibility of placing the intake within the reach of the right guide bund, which had the potential of reducing the length of the head race channel as well as that of the protective bund forming its right bank. Any such arrangement would result in a short head race reach with a sharply curving alignment and likelihood of flow instability close to the powerhouse.
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Therefore it was decided to opt for a layout in which the head race channel off-takes from the upstream nose of the right guide bund, which is used as part of the intake structure. The powerhouse is located downstream of the existing Rasul-Pind Dadan Khan Road at a distance of nearly 200 metres from the right abutment of the barrage. Layout of the Project is shown in Figure 2.6.
2.4.5 PROJECT DESIGN
Civil Design
The head race of Rasul Power House off takes upstream of barrage axis located upstream nose of right guide bank. The total length of head race channel from the center line of intake structure's axis is 429 m up to Powerhouse. The divergence angle of the intake channel with reference to the axis of barrage is 32 degree. The head race channel is designed for the discharge capacity of 360 m3/sec on the basis of Manning's equation following the trapezoidal section. The inner slopes are protected by concrete lining. This lining is laid over 0.15 m thick compacted layer of composite filter material comprises coarse to medium gradation sand over compacted back fill or naturally excavated material (as per site conditions). The intake structure is 140 m from the center line of the existing guide bank. The bed width and depth of flow are kept 75.0 m and 3.0 m respectively. The side slope of channel is proposed as 2:1(H: V). The top elevation of both banks is kept equal to the designed top evaluation of guide banks of barrage which is 223.11 m. The water level in the approach channel i.e., upstream of intake structure is proposed same as that of pond level of the Barrage i.e., 219.15 m.
At the start of head race, just downstream of intake structure, the water surface level is proposed as 218.95 m assuming the different operational scenarios of power house. The water surface slope of 0.0002 m/m. The water level at the start of power house is 218.85 m with the bed elevation of 215.85 m. The top width of both the embankment is kept as 10.75 m. The outward slope of the left and right embankments are proposed as 2:1(H: V) and 3:1(H: V) respectively. The excavated material will be used for the construction of the embankments. The filled area of the embankments should be compacted to 90% of Modified AASHTO.
The Powerhouse discharge goes directly in to the river, downstream of barrage axis, through tail race channel. The tail race is also designed in accordance with the Manning's approach adopting trapezoidal section. The maximum and minimum water levels at the exit of draft tube or start of tail race channel is 215.44 m and 211.23 m respectively. The side slope of tail race channel is 2:1 with bed width 73 m and depth of flow is 3.25 m. As far free board of tail race is concerned the top of embankment is kept equal to the top elevation of downstream guide bank, which is proposed by the barrage authorities against the historic flows.
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The inlet and outlet bay consist of reinforced concrete cantilever retaining walls acting as approach transition walls.
The power house is located at a distance of 417.65 m from the axis of intake structure. Whereas, it is 216 m away from the right guide bank of the existing barrage. The power house structure includes inlet and outlet bay machine hall (three unit blocks) and adjacent service bay. The power house yard is located adjoining to the service bay. A roll-up door allow easy access of vehicles and semi-trailers required for delivery of major electrical and mechanical equipment. The yard is asphalted with adequate drainage features to accommodate yard drainage. The switchyard and yard are enclosed by fencing and a lockable gate at the road side.
2.4.6 HYDRO-MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
The proposed turbine for Rasul Hydropower Project is double regulated pit type Kaplan unit of 4.434 m runner diameter having 3 adjustable stainless steel blades. The turbine will be capable of operating within a wide range of head and discharge at maximum efficiency. The unit discharge is 120 m3/sec with a design net head of 5.95 m and turbine speed of 125 rpm. Transmission gear has been proposed between turbine and generator to attain the generator speed of 750 rpm. The generator voltage will be 11 kV.
2.4.7 POWER MARKET
Low head hydropower potential sites having no storage capacity available in the irrigation system of the country. The generating capacity of these projects is low and cannot be used to meet the peak demand. The power generated by these units is fed directly to secondary transmission or distribution network. Rasul hydropower project to be constructed at Rasul Barrage will have a total generation capability of 18 MW with estimated mean annual energy generation of 94.80 GWh per annum. The power station will be connected to the nearest grid station at Rasul through a 2 Km long 132 kV transmission line. Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) will be signed with GEPCO. The energy meter will be located at the power house switchyard for measurement of energy delivered to the system.
2.4.8 CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
The project construction is estimated to be completed in 32 months. The construction planning of the project is based on the following considerations:
➢ No interference with irrigation supply ➢ No adverse effect to the existing Barrage Structures ➢ Regular supply to the off taking canals during and after construction of the project.
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The construction of powerhouse and excavation of head and tailrace will commence simultaneously. Therefore, installation of equipment required for the erection of dewatering system, diaphragm wall and execution of earthwork has to be undertaken immediately. The reinforcement bending yard and the carpenter's yard including the storage yards will be erected during the final stage of excavation of the powerhouse pit. The erection of these yards has to be completed simultaneously with the completion of the powerhouse pit for starting the concrete works of the powerhouse.
2.3 NEED FOR IEE STUDY
For the sustainability of a development project it is imperative that it should be economically viable, socially acceptable and environmentally sound. Therefore, GOP and the funding agencies like Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC), The World Bank (WB) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) have made it obligatory to submit the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) or Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report to the competent authority for approval prior to implementation of the project. According to Section 12 (1) of Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA), 1997 "No proponent of a development project shall commence construction or operation unless he has filed with the Federal Agency an IEE, or where the project is likely to cause major negative environmental impact, an EIA Report".
2.4 SCOPE OF IEE STUDY
The scope of the IEE study is to examine the environmental aspects (social, economic, cultural, physical and ecological) of the project, in order to determine the requirements of an environmental management plan specifying mitigation measures for dealing with significant effects. The study has been conducted in accordance with the EIA Guidelines for Energy Sector issued by the Environmental and Urban Affairs Division of the Government of Pakistan; the guidelines of the international donor agencies, and within the provisions of Land Acquisition Act, the Environmental Protection Act and the National and Provincial Conservation Strategy Acts.
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CHAPTER-3
POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK
3.1 POLICY FRAMEWORK
The 1973 Constitution of Pakistan has included the subject of Environmental Pollution and Ecology in the concurrent legislative list. The parliament and provincial governments are empowered to formulate necessary laws under Article 142. Government of Pakistan (GOP) has announced the National Environmental Policy in the year 2005.
• 3.2 INSTITUTIONAL SETUP
3.2.1 Pakistan Environmental Protection Council
The Pakistan Environmental Protection Council (PEPC) is the apex decision making body of Pakistan. It was established in 1998, under the provisions of Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA), 1997. It is headed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan with 35 members. Chief Ministers of provinces, Federal Environmental Minister and Provincial Environment Ministers are the members. Similarly environmental protection councils have been formed in all the provinces.
3.2.2 Environmental Protection Agencies
Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak EPA) has been established at the federal level. At the provincial level, Environmental Protection Agencies (EPAs) have • been established in all provinces. In case of Punjab province, an independent Environment Protection Department (EPD) has been constituted. The Federal Government had delegated the powers and functions of the Pak EPA to Provincial Governments vide. SROs 1251 (1) to 1254 (1) 98 dated 28 October 1998.
3.2.3 National Environmental Coordination Committee
Pak EPA has established the National Environmental Coordination Committee vide SRO 95 (1)/99 dated 24 December 1998. Its Chairman is Director General Pak EPA. Director Pak EPA acts as secretary / member.
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3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL STATUTORY PROVISIONS
3.3.1 Environmental Legislation of Pakistan
Pakistan Environmental Protection Ordinance had been enforced in the year 1983. A comprehensive enactment titled PEPA, 1997 was promulgated on 06 December 1997.
3.3.2 National Environmental Quality Standards
Pak EPA with prior approval of the PEPC, established and issued NEQS vide Gazette of Pakistan Notification SRO 742 (1) 93 dated 24 August 1993. These were revised and new standards were established in the Gazette of Pakistan as Notification SRO 549/ (1)/2000 of 08 August 2000.
3.3.3 Pakistan National Conservation Strategy
Pakistan National Conservation Strategy (PNCS), 1992 was prepared jointly by the Federal Ministry of Environment and the Conservation Union (IUCN). It is the basic policy document approved by the Government of Pakistan. It has highlighted 14 core environmental issues in Pakistan and recommended action plans accordingly. The provinces of NWFP and Balochistan have already prepared the conservation strategies in the light of PNCS.
3.3.4 Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) for Pakistan
Pakistan became signatory to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1994. Pakistan BAP was prepared in 2000 in accordance with an agreement between the Government of Pakistan and the World Bank under the Global Environmental Facility, for protecting the biological heritage of Pakistan.
3.3.5 National Resettlement Policy
To resettle and compensate people displaced by the development projects, the GOP has issued the Project Implementation and Resettlement of Affected Persons Ordinance, 2001. National Resettlement Policy was promulgated in March 2002. Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency has also issued the National Resettlement Policy Implementation Guidelines in October 2002.
3.3.6 International Agencies' Guidelines
International monetary/donor agencies, such as JBIC, the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank have issued guidelines for preparation and submission of IEE
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and EIA reports. If these guidelines are not adhered to, funds may not be provided for a development project by these agencies.
3.4 LEGAL FRAMEWORK
The different applicable laws in case of construction of power house at Rasul Barrage are listed below:
• Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, (PEPA) 1997 • West Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority Act, 1958 • Electricity Act, 1910 • Telegraph Act, 1910 • Forest Act, 1927 and Later Amendments • Protection of Trees and Brushwood Act, 1949 • Punjab Local Government Ordinance, 2001 • Land Acquisition Act, 1894 and Later Amendments • Employment of Child Act, 1991 • Antiquities Act, 1975
• Pakistan Penal Code, 1860
3.5 PAKISTAN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES
Pak EPA has published a set of environmental guidelines for carrying out environmental assessments and the environmental management of different types of development projects. The guidelines that are relevant to the proposed project are listed below, followed by comments on their relevance to the proposed project.
3.5.1 Policy and Procedures for Filing, Review and Approval of Environmental Assessments
These guidelines define the policy context and the administrative procedures that will govern the environmental assessment process, from the project pre-feasibility stage to the approval of the environmental report. The section on administrative procedures has been superseded by the Pak EPA, IEE and EIA Regulations, 2000.
3.5.2 Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports
These guidelines provide basis for the preparation of environmental and social assessment reports. Vide these guidelines, the terms of reference for the reports are to be prepared by the project proponents themselves and the reports must contain baseline data on the project area, a detailed assessment thereof, and mitigation
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measures. These also specify the nature of the information to be included in environmental reports, minimum qualifications of the EIA conductors, the need to incorporate suitable mitigation measures into every stage of project implementation, the need to specify monitoring procedures, etc.
3.5.3 Guidelines for Public Consultation
The guidelines deal with possible approaches to public consultation and techniques for designing an effective program of consultation that reaches out to all major stakeholders and ensures the incorporation of their concerns in any impact assessment study. The basic principles of these guidelines will be followed, and the public and other agencies consulted, in preparation of this study.
3.5.4 Guidelines for Sensitive and Critical Areas
The guidelines identify officially notified protected areas in Pakistan, including critical ecosystems, archaeological sites, etc., and present checklists for environmental assessment procedures to be carried out inside or near such sites. Environmentally sensitive areas include, among others, archaeological sites, biosphere reserves and natural parks, and wildlife sanctuaries and preserves.
3.5.5 Sewerage Scheme Guidelines
These guidelines identify and explain issues that should be addressed for a sewage collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal system. The guidelines primarily address the issues associated with domestic sewage. These guidelines will be consulted while addressing the issue of disposal of sewage from the camp sites, offices and colony in the grid site.
3.5.6 The Solid Waste Management Guidelines
These guidelines were promulgated by Pak EPA in collaboration with JICA in 2000, which aims to facilitate control on waste by providing principles of good waste management and reducing waste at source. These guidelines will be consulted while addressing the issue of solid waste management from the camp sites, offices and colony in the grid site.
3.6 AGREEMENTS, PROTOCOLS AND UNDERSTANDINGS AT INTERNATIONAL LEVEL
Pakistan is signatory to a number of international agreements, protocols and understandings. Some of these are:
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• Framework convention of climate change (New York, 1992).
• Convention on biological diversity (Rio de Janeiro, 1992).
• Convention on wetlands of international importance, especially as waterfowl habitat (RAMSAR, 1971)
• Convention on conservation of migratory species of wild animals (Bonn, 1979) as a follow up to RAMSAR, 1971.
• Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer (Montreal, 1987)
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CHAPTER-4
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE
This chapter provides baseline information on physical, biological and socio-economic environments of the Project site and its surroundings. This study will help in assessment of the project impacts on the existing environments of the area at a future date.
4.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTS
4.1.1 Location of the Project
The project is located on the right bank of Rasul Barrage. This area falls in the revenue boundaries of patwar circle Dara Pur, mouza Marialah, tehsil and district Jhelum.
4.1.2 Land Resources
i. Topography / Relief / Physiography
Geographically Jhelum is divided into three regions, namely riverine, the upland and the plateau. There is a long stretch of plain around Jhelum itself, which is prolonged into a narrower strip along the course of the river, which is overlooked by hills, whereby the mountains of the Salt Range and its off shoots cut the district and divide into two distinct lines of hills generally situated at a distance of about 8 km from each other. Each of these is made up of a number of parallel ridges. Generally after an interval of every 16 km these two main lines of hills bound in towards one another. Then they again separate, again run parallel and unite.
ii. Geology and Geomorphology
Significant geological feature of the project area is the alluvium deposit brought down by River Jhelum. Depth of such deposits may vary upto several thousand m and are of Pleistocene (50,000 years) to Recent (few hundred years) origin.
iii. Landforms and Soils
River Jhelum forms creeks, channels and basins depending on the quantum and pattern of flow and sediment load. Similarly many levees and bars are found. This phenomenon leads to development of active / recent flood plains, sub-recent flood plains and terraces. Accordingly the soils formed are sandy, silt loam / fine sand and calcareous / fine textured respectively. These are highly fertile and productive. The soils of the district Jhelum and their characteristics are given as under.
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• The riverine region of district Jhelum possesses alluvial soil and is situated between the river Jhelum and the hills in the southern part of the district. Its length is 160 kilometres and stretches from Pindori in tehsil Jhelum to Phitrote in district Sargodha. Its average breadth is about 13 kilometres. Near Jalalpur, it is reduced to a very narrow strip. It serves as bed for hill torrent coming from the adjoining mountains. The narrow plain between the Salt Range and the Jhelum situated beyond Jalalpur Girjhak contains the most fertile land. This area is very productive and produces all type of crops. • The upland region is the tract, which lies between ranges of the hills. The uplands of the Salt Range lie in Pind Dadan Khan Tehsil, while those situated between the Tilla and Nilli hills are surrounded by the mountains from all the sides. In some places the surface is too stony to be productive, but generally the sol is of good quality. • The plateau region lies in the Jhelum tehsil. Its physical features are quite different from the first two regions. It consists of the most part of Domeli and Iskanderal area. It is generally known as Khudder or area of ravines. The surface of the tract is broken and distorted. Near Baragowah, the soil is mixed with clay. Just under Tilla hill the soil is too stony to be cultivable. But the soil is very rich and fertile on the banks of Kahan stream below Rohtas. Between Lehri and Langarpur hills soil is black in colour. The ravines naturally restrict the area, where cultivation is possible but at the same time they serve as a catchments area for the supply of water to the cultivated fields. iv. Seismology
On the basis of earthquake data, GSP has prepared a map showing seismic Hazard zones of Pakistan. According to the seismic zoning map of Pakistan, the Project area falls in zone-2 liable for Minor to Moderate damage corresponding to Max. Intensity 7.5 of Modified Mercelli (MM) scale. Accordingly seismic factor equal to and greater than 0.1g horizontal ground acceleration with maximum credible earthquake (MCE) is suggested for design of Rasul Low Head Power House and its appurtenant structure. The Operation Basis Earthquake (OBE) is proposed to be of 0.07g. v. Land Use
Total area of Marialah village is 2128 acres. Being located in the sub-mountainous zone of the district, on the right bank of Jhelum River, no canal network exists in this part of the district and cultivation of crops is made through lift pumps, tubewells and natural streams. The lands of the project site are subject to inundation and seepage from the river particularly in the rainy and flood seasons. vi. Natural Habitats
The project area is cultivated, therefore, no natural habitats are found.
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vii. Mining
There is no mining activity in the project area.
4.1.3 Water Resources i. Surface Water
River Jhelum is the main river in the area. It frequently meanders. The other main source of surface water is the streams. The water of these streams is stored by making small dams. This water is used for drinking and irrigation purposes. There is no canal irrigation in the district. The area is thinly populated. No industry is installed in the project corridor. Thus, the water is of satisfactory quality for irrigation and domestic use. ii. Ground Water
Depth of water table in the project area varies from 10 to 20m. Because of non - existence of any polluting source, the ground water is fit for irrigation and drinking purposes. WHO water quality standards are given in Table 4-1. iii. Drainage
Generally the area is well drained. The natural drainage features of the district are characterized by rivers and streams. The rivers in the district are the Jhelum and Kaushi, the rest are streams and hill torrents. The Jhelum River skirts the district for about 192 km, in south and east and the Kaushi confines itself to the north-east. The Kaushi River comes into the Jhelum district from Rawalpindi. Its journey through the district is rather short and confined to the northern borders of Jhelum tehsil and large sections of it actually mark the boundary. The remaining streams of the district consist nearly of the sandy or rocky torrents which descend from the hills or issue out from the ravines. iv. Wetland
The pond area of Rasul Barrage is the major wetland in the area. v. Fisheries
Fishing is done in the River Jhelum both for commercial and domestic purposes. There are no fish ponds in the area.
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The project area is subjected to inundation and seepage in rainy and flood seasons. The area is well drained, therefore, no salinity is observed.
4.1.4 Aesthetic, Recreational and Tourism Potential
Rasul Barrage is a very attractive tourist place and very fine picnic spots can be developed here. The people are loving and accommodating and cooperative with the visitors and tourists. This place gives a good view of the river and the barrage.
4.1.5 Climate
Climate is extremely hot in summer and cold in winter. The month of May, June and July are dry and the hottest when the temperature soars up to 47 centigrade. The months of December and January are very cool and frosty when the temperature at night drops to the extent of 2 centigrade or even below. The spring commences from early February and continues till mid of April. The monsoon usually breaks during July and August with light to heavy rains. The average rain fall varies from 48 to 69 centimeters per annum. The rain water flows in the hill torrents from north to the river Jhelum. Floods are frequent in the Jhelum River. Various climatic data relating to the district is given in Table 4-2.
4.1.6 Air Quality
There exist no industrial units or other air polluting sources in the vicinity of the project area. The volume of traffic on Rasul-Jhelum-Pind Dadan Khan road is no enough to cause air pollution. No ambient air quality standards have yet been established in Pakistan, as yet. The ambient air quality standards of WHO are given in Table 4-3.
4.2 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS
4.2.1 Flora
Vegetation of the forests of Jhelum is comprised of dry deciduous schrub type. Phulai, Dau, Kikar and Sanatha are the main species. The stocking on the whole is poor and the forests are open. Vegetation is poor on sand stone and red marl. Southern slopes are often devoid of vegetation while north-western slopes carry good forests. The forests of Jhelum are burdened with right of grazing browsing and firewood.
4.2.2 Forestry
There are no forests in the project area except the natural plantation in the bed and along banks of River Jhelum. The Kikar (Acacia arbica) is the most common tree in the project
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area. It is hard, grows quickly, and meets almost all he needs of the agriculturists. Its bark is extensively employed in tanning leather and its desi variety yields excellent timber, which can be fashioned into all kinds of agricultural implements. The Tahli (Dalberagia sissoo) is also common and the forestation carried out by Pakistan Army in the project area mostly comprised of this tree.
4.2.3 Fauna
The fauna of the district is indigenous, like the vegetation, but at the same time, varied and interesting. The rugged and rough terrain, low rainfall, the scantly cover of vegetation and the burning passion of the increasing number of hunters, all have their share in limiting the animal kingdom in the district. The riverine areas offer a better environment than elsewhere though the hills support a more interesting wildlife.
0 • Wildlife
Urial and chinckara are sport aids while wild pigs are found in the Salt Range. Wolves, foxes and wild cats are also found. Hare is fairly common.
• Birds
A few bird communities are seen in the area. Chikor, grey and black partridge, peacocks, green parrots, owls, and myna are found in the parts of the district.
• Water Fowls
Migratory ducks like teal pintail, mallard and some geese visit during winter particularly in the reverine areas.
I • Fishes
Fishing is done in the Jhelum River both for commercial and domestic purposes. Rahu, Thaila, Mori, Mullee, Khagga and Sanghara are the commonly caught species. There are no fish ponds in the area.
• Medicinal Plants
There are no significant plant species of medicinal value in the area.
• Endangered Species
There are no plant and animal species which are endangered. The existing ecosystems are favorable for survival of biodiversity.
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4.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
4.3.1 Description of the Project Area
The proposed project is located in the boundaries of village Marialah in District Jhelum. Rasul Barrage which is a tourist spot, as well, is located just about 12 km from Jalalpur Sharif, 30 km from Pind Dadan Khan, 40 km from Jhelum and 8 km from Mandi Bahauddin.
4.3.2 Administrative and Socio-Political Setup of the Area
The project area falls in district Jhelum. The Jhelum district is administratively divided into four tehsils: Jhelum, Sohawa, Pind Dadan Khan and Dina, which are divided into 54 Union Councils. The administration headquarter of the district is situated at Jhelum. The Zila Nazim is the overall incharge of the District administration. The administrative set up consists of District Coordination Officer (DCO), Executive Development Officer (Revenue), District Officer (Revenue) and District Development Officer (General). The DDO (General) directly looks after the matters of the Tehsil Revenue Offices. Each tehsil (sub-division) has a revenue setup consisting of Tehsildar and Naib Tehsildar, who have a number of Quanugos under each. Each Qanugo looks after the work of several Patwaries of his Pitwar Circle. The Patwaries stay in their villages and maintain an updated land record of their `Mouzas'. There are 595 Mouzas in District Jhelum. The people's participation in the political process is ensured through the elected institutions of District Council, Tehsil Councils and Union Councils. The details of administrative setup are provided in Table 4-4.
The project area falls in Marialah village of Darapur Patwar circle / qanugo halqa (the term halqa denotes a revenue territory) in Jhelum tehsil.
4.3.3 Communications
Jhelum district has an efficient communication network. All tehsil headquarters, major towns and villages are connected through metalled roads. Being situated on the G.T Road (N-5), the district is directly connected with all the major cities of the country. The district is linked with Gujrat, and Mandi Bahauddin districts through road and rail links. The main Peshawar- Lahore-Karachi railway line passes through the district. Jhelum has the air link through Islamabad / Rawalpindi international airport, which is only at one hour driving distance. Other facilities like telephone, mobile phone services and postal services are also available throughout the district. The communication details and project accessibility are provided in Exhibit — 2.
4.3.4 Education
The project area lacks educational facilities. There are only two primary schools in Marialah village, one for boys and one for girls. The high school level education facilities for boys are
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 4 - 6 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-3 Feasibility Study InitiarEnvironmentarExamination Vport available in the nearby settlement of Darapur, at a distance of about 07 km on Jhelum Road. For girls, there exists a middle school at Darapur. The other nearest centre with high school and college level facilities is the Mandi Bahaudin, at a distance of about 8 km from the project area. The male students manage their admissions in these institutions for getting higher education but the female students remain deprived in this case due to a number of socio-cultural factors. They have no option of getting education beyond class V. This is making negative repercussions on the economy of the area. There exists no high school and other vocational institutions for women and girls in the village for grooming and developing their talent.
4.3.5 Health Facilities
The area is deficient in health care facilities. Only one basic health unit is available in the village. There exists no mother and child health care (MCH) or rural health centres (RHCs) in the village. The nearest RHC is at Darapur, at a distance of about 07 km. Absence of any maternity home or female doctor or nurse results into complications for female patients. Similarly, the patients have to go to Mandi Bahaudin or Jhelum in case of emergencies. But on the other hand, transport facilities for shifting patients to cities in case of emergency are also lacking.
4.3.6 Population and Ethnic Clans
Population of Marialah village, according to 1998 Census report was 1427 persons. The male to female ratio works out to be 1.02:1. The average household size is 6.5 persons.
The population generally is comprised of Jats, Mughals, Awans, Rajput and Syeds. The Syed are looked up to by all from religious motives and thus they stand highest in the general esteem. The people of the district are brave and courageous and they generally like to join the Pakistan Army as their 1st option. Local people are peace loving and they generally respect the civil rights of the other fellows. Women observe the purdah etiquette, i.e. they remain secluded from outsiders. Womenfolk do participate in agricultural and livestock related activities.
4.3.7 Language
Punjabi is the major language of people of the area. Urdu is the official written language and is also spoken and understood everywhere.
4.3.8 Literacy in the Project Area
Out of total population of the village, the number of literate persons comes to 240 which are 17 percent of the total population. Out of the total literate, the number of persons having primary level education (but below matric) was 70 percent. The persons with matriculate
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 4 - 7 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-3 Feasibility Study InitialEnvimnmentatE..tamination Report level education (and above) were 30 percent. Information in respect of literacy levels of the sample population is furnished in Table 4-5.
4.3.9 Settlement Pattern
The project area falls in the revenue jurisdiction of village Marialah of Jhelum tehsil. The population density of the village comes to 200 persons per km2, based on 1998 census data. As far as their settlement pattern is concerned, 100 percent of the population reside in rural areas. Total number of households works out to be 263. Of these, 146 (56%) are pacca houses, 11 (04%) semi-pacca and 106 (40%) are katcha houses.
4.3.10 Agriculture
Total area of the village is 2128 acres. Being located in the periphery of sub-mountainous zone of the district at river Jhelum, no canal network exists in the area. The agriculture mostly depends on rainfall and other sources of irrigation. The land use pattern of the village Marialah is provided in Table 4-6.
Table 4.6 reveals that out of total area of 2128 acres, about 37 percent is cultivated area while the remaining 63 percent of the area is regarded as uncultivated area. The uncultivable area constitutes the forest and wastelands.
The cropping intensity in the area works out to be 90 percent. The general cropping pattern includes wheat, rice and fodder crops. The survey has revealed that the area under the impact of proposed project works is comprised of the restricted area of Rasul Barrage, on its right side where no regular cultivation is made.
4.3.11 Industry and Trade
The economy of the area is agricultural based, but the area has a lot of potential for setting up new industries along Rasul-Jhelum road. Labour is cheap and land is available in abundance. The area is suitable for the development of paper industry. But on the other hand, the area lacks in good quality socio-economic infrastructure and ancillary facilities necessary for the development of an industry. People generally tend to go abroad to earn their livelihood.
Jhelum, Dina and Pind Dadan Khan are the main trade centers for the agricultural produce of the respective areas and other commodities of daily use. Besides, Jhelum market is a big trade Centre for vegetable ghee, oils, toilet and washing soaps, bedding cloth, readymade garments, etc.
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4.3.12 Available Social Amenities in the Project Area
The project area lacks in basic social amenities like gas, water supply, sewerage and health care. Electricity was available to about 89 percent of the households. The health care, education and telephone facilities also existed in the area. However, majority of the people showed their dissatisfaction about the quality of services provided.
4.3.13 Women Role in Socio-economic Activities
The survey has revealed that participation rate of women in various socio-economic activities in the project corridor is generally high, almost 100 % in case of household activities, child caring and carrying out social obligations. Their participation rate in case of farm activities, livestock rearing, sale & purchase of property and local representation stood at 85%, 90%, 65% and 25%, respectively.
Regarding decision making for different activities, their involvement in child caring matters was 85% household activities as 65 %, livestock rearing as 55%, farm activities as 50 %, social obligations as 47%. Their involvement in decision making in respect of property matters and local representation matters was to the tune of 25% and 10%, respectively. Information about women participation and decision making in the routine socio-economic life is presented in Table 4-7.
4.3.14 Gender Issues
Gender analysis is carried out to assess the difference in social roles between females and males, the constraints faced by the females in gaining access to various activities and participation in development activities. The female population in Pakistan according to the 1998 Census is around 48 %. In view of this share, the gender issues assume special focus and need to be properly addressed and evaluated. The females were interviewed including lady school teachers, lady health attendants and elderly folk woman. The results of the survey have shown that women are an integral part of the socio-economic life of the rural economy as shown in Table 5-7. Women of the area take active part in household activities like food cooking, washing of clothes, carrying of fodder for livestock, etc., child caring and meeting with social obligations. As far as their participation in carrying out different activities is concerned, they share the males in every household and field activity. However, they are not considered by the males in making the decisions about various socio-economic matters, particularly relating to activities which require interaction with others such as decision about children education, farm business, sale & purchase of livestock and property. According to males, this attitude was due to the fact because traditionally they have been undertaking such responsibilities and they do not think that the females have much exposure and courage to decide upon such matters. However, such attitude is a source of social stress for the women.
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4.3.15 Occupations and Income
The main occupations of the sample population were found as farming, service (government & private) and working as laborer. The statistics relating to income of the main occupational classes is shown in Table 4-8. The per capita per day income ranges from Rs.40 to Rs.106 for the main occupational groups.
The analysis reveals that people involved in farming were earning at par with the official poverty line whereas the servicemen were earning above this line. The laborers, hqwever, were found vulnerable in economic terms, living below the poverty line with a big gap in their incomes as compared with the official poverty line.
4.4 ESTIMATION OF PROJECT LOSSES
As indicated in the initial environmental assessment study, the project will not have adverse impacts on the physical, biological and social environment to a large extent. No privately owned land, structure or asset will be affected by the project; hence, no Project Affected Persons (PAPs) have been identified. Only minor to moderate impacts are envisaged during construction and operation stages. On the overall, the project will exert major positive impacts by creation of jobs during construction stage and adding to the deficient power generation system resulting in an increased industrial and agricultural activity in the area. The initial assessment of the project has revealed the following environmental impacts due to the construction of project. The environmental features of the project and general lay out of Rasul Barrage are shown in Exhibits 3 and 4, respectively.
4.4.1 Land Acquisition
Acquisition of about 91 acres of land will be required on the project. This land will be utilized for construction of the Headrace and Tailrace channels, the power house, contractors / consultants' residential camps, offices, W/shops stores etc. and one residential colony for the O&M staff of the power house. All the land proposed for the project belongs to Irrigation Department, through XEN, Rasul Barrage. A road coming from Rasul (Mandi Bahaudin) and leading to Jhelum and Pind Dadan Khan passes through the project area. The area on the right of this road is 'Barrage restricted' and impounded with stagnant water. The area on the left side of the road is low lying area and covered with dense cover of trees and bushes. The power house and other civil works will be made in this area. The land falls in `Mauza Darapur, Tehsil and District Jhelum.
4.4.2 Loss of Trees
About 6149 non-fruit trees will need removal from the RoW of power channel and from the site proposed for other civil works. The details are provided in Table 4-9.
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4.5 EXISTENCE OF SENSITIVE AREAS
The pond created by Rasul Barrage is the main wet land in the vicinity of the project. The project will not exert any negative impacts on the bio-diversity of this wet land. Apart from this, there exist no sensitive areas in and around the project such as national parks, areas for ethnic minorities, sites of cultural heritage, site of historical value, etc.
4.6 EXISTENCE OF SENSITIVE CHARACTERISTICS
There exists no impact bearing sensitive characteristics except tree cutting from the RoW of power channel and from the site proposed for other civil works, for which ample budgetary provisions has been made for compensatory plantation in the surrounding areas.
4.7 SCALE OF SENSITIVE CHARACTERISTICS
The sensitive characteristics relating to the project will be of site specific and in limited scale. No resettlement issues are expected to arise.
4.8 INDIGENOUS AND VULNERABLE PERSONS AND FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS
No indigenous persons or female-headed household were identified in the project corridor.
4.9 CULTURAL, RELIGIOUS, ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SITES
Cultural sites include mosques, shrines, graveyards, archaeological monuments and historical buildings. These are socially sensitive areas to deal with. The survey has revealed that the people of the project area are strongly attached to their religion and culture. Shrines and graveyards are regarded as sacred heritage and receive devoted attention from the people.
As far as the Rasul Low Head Hydropower Project is concerned, no mosques and graves will be affected due to implementation of the proposed Project. Similarly, no archaeological and historical sites were observed in the vicinity of project corridor.
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TABLES RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-3 Feasibility Study InitiarEnvironmentar Examination *Tort
Table 4-1 W.H.O. DRINKING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
Normally Found in Health Element/ Symbol / Sr.# Freshwater/Surface Based WHO Substance Formula Water/Groundwater Guideline 1 Aluminium Al 0.2 mg/I 2 Ammonia NI-14 - < 0.2 mg/I (up to 0.3 mg/I No guideline in anaerobic waters) 3 Antimony Sb < 4pg/1 0.005 mg/I 4 Arsenic As 0.01 mg/I 5 Asbestos No guideline 6 Barium Ba 0.3 mg/I 7 Berillium Be < 1 pg/I No guideline 8 Boron B < 1 pg/I 0.3 mg/I 9 Cadmium Cd < 1 pg/I 0.003 mg/I 10 Chloride CI 250 mg/I 11 Chromium Cr+3, Cr+6 < 2 pg/I 0.05 mg/I 12 Colour Not mentioned 13 Copper Cu 2 mg/I 14 Cyanide CN 0.07 mg/I 15 Dissolved 02 No guideline oxygen 16 Fluoride F < 1.5 mg/I (up to 10) 1.5 mg/I 17 Hardness mg/I 0.5 — 50 mg/I No guideline CaCO3 18 Hydrogen H2S No guideline sulphide 19 Iron Fe No guideline 20 Lead Pb <0.50 pg/I 0.01 mg/I 21 Manganese Mn <0.01 pg/I 0.05 mg/I 22 Mercury Hg <0.02 pg/I 0.001 mg/I 23 Molybdenum Mb 0.07 mg/I 24 Nickel Ni 0.02 mg/I 25 Nitrate and NO3, NO2 50 mg/I total nitrite nitrogen 26 Turbidity < < 0.01 pg/I Not mentioned
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Normally Found in Health Element/ Symbol / Sr.# Freshwater/Surface Based WHO Substance Formula Water/Groundwater Guideline 27 pH 5 - 50 pg/I No guideline 28 Selenium Se < 20 mg/I 0.01 mg/I 29 Silver Ag 0.5 - 50 mg/I No guideline 30 Sodium Na 200 mg/I 31 Sulphate Soo 500 mg/I 32 Inorganic tin Sn No guideline 33 TDS No guideline 34 Uranium U 1.4 mg/I 35 Zinc Zn 3 mg/I Source: WHO Guidelines
Table 4-2 MONTH-WISE TEMPERATURE, PRECIPITATION AND HUMIDITY
Average Temperature Relative Seria Precipitation Month (C°) Humidity I ( mm ) Maximum Minimum (%) 1 January 19.3 5.5 37.40 51.0 2 February 21.5 7.9 52.80 42.8 3 March 26.3 12.5 68.80 39.3 4 April 33.0 17.8 36.00 31.4 5 May 38.4 22.6 27.30 24.9 6 June 40.2 25.7 57.10 30.0 7 July 35.6 25.9 263.20 55.9 8 August ' 34.4 25.3 251.60 63.1 9 September 34.7 23.1 74.50 53.0 10 October 32.7 16.6 18.50 44.7 11 November 27.7 10.4 10.00 50.2 12 December 21.5 6.3 26.60 55.5 Annual 30.44 16.6 923.80 45.2 Source: Data Processing Centre, Pak'stan Meteorological Department, Karachi, 1971-2000.
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Table 4-3 W.H.O. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
Maximum Allowable Average Time Serial Pollutant Limit (Hour) 1 CO 35 ppm 1 2 NOx 106 ppb 1 3 SO2 134 ppb 1 4 PMio 70 pg/m3 24 Source: WHO Guidelines
Table 4-4 DETAIL OF ADMINISTRATIVE SETUP
Serial Description Number
1 Mouzas 595
2 Union Councils - Total 54
- Rural 42
- Urban 12
3 Cantonment Board 2
4 Police Stations 10
Source: DCO Office, Jhelum
Table 4-5 LITERACY RATE IN THE PROJECT CORRIDOR
Sr. # Education Level Male Female Total 1 Primary (but below matric) 121 48 169 2 Matric and Above 60 11 71 3 Total Educated 181 59 240 4 Illiterate 541 646 1187 5 Grand Total 722 705 1427 6 Literacy Rate (%) 25 08 17 Source: Socioeconomic Survey of the Project Area by BARQAAB and Population Census Report of Jhelum District
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Table 4-6 LAND USE PATTERN OF MARIALAH VILLAGE OF JHELUM TEHSIL
Serial Area Description Acres Percent of Total No
1 Total Area 2128 100.00
Cultivated Area 785 36.89
2 • Net Sown 564 26.51
• Current Fallow 221 10.37
Un-Cultivated Area 1343 63.11
• Forest 270 12.68 3 • Cultivable Waste 368 17.29
• Not Available 705 33.14 89.84 (% of 4 Cropped Area 705 Cultivated) Source: EDO (Agriculture), Jhelum
Table 4-7 WOMEN ROLE IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
Participation Decision Sr. # Item (%) Making (%)
1 Household Activities 100 65
2 Child Caring 100 85
3 Farm/Crop Activities 85 50
4 Livestock Rearing 90 55
5 Sale & Purchase of Property 65 25
6 Social Obligations 100 47
7 Local Representation 25 10 Source: Socio-economic Survey of Project Area by BARQAAB.
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Table 4-8 PER HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN THE PROJECT AREA
Per Annum Per Month Per Capita/Day Sr. # Occupation (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.)
1 Farming 210000 17500 87
2 Service 255000 21250 106
3 Labour 96000 8000 40 Source: Socio-economic Survey of Project Area by BARQAAB.
Table 4.9 NUMBER OF TREES TO BE REMOVED
Name of Tree 1- 10 Years of Age Above 10 Years of age Total
Kikar 1119 2389 3508
Shisham 536 1763 2299
Others 275 67 342
Total 1930 4219 6149
Source: Socio-economic Survey of Project Area by BARQAAB.
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ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION • RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-3 Feasibility Study Envimnmenta I EKamination import
CHAPTER 5
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION
5.1 SCREENING AND CATEGORIZATION
5.1.1 Requirement of Screening
The conduct of an environmental and social assessment study requires the screening of the project, as a first step. This process determines the level of the assessment. The initial evaluation of the project was carried out considering location, size, scope, importance, sensitivity and expected environmental and social impacts, as per ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA). According to this assessment, the project falls in Category B, for which a limited scale environmental and social impact assessment study is required. Accordingly, the IEE of the project was conducted.
5.1.2 Checklist for Screening of Environmental Issues/ Impacts of the Project Area
The screening of the likely environmental issues / impacts due to the proposed development works was carried out using the ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist (REA) as provided in Annexure-3.
5.1.3 Categorization
Categorization of the project is done according to guidelines of National and International Environmental Agencies. As per PaK EPA Regulations, 2000, for conducting the IEE and EIA studies, the project falls in Schedule-I. Thus, there is need of conducting IEE study for this project.
5.2 ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS
The assessment of environmental and social impacts is precisely aimed at identification of possible negative and positive environmental and social impacts including opportunities for positive impact enhancement. The impacts expected at different stages of the Project activities are as under.
5.2.1 Types of Impacts
i. Major Impacts
A major impact refers to an impact which influences a large area (usually extending to even outside the project area), affects a large number of people or their assets, or
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natural resources, (in case of negative impacts, cannot be eliminated, or reduced to within acceptable limits by control or mitigation measures), is likely to persist (wholly or partly) even beyond the construction phase of the project (into the operation phase), and has a high probability of occurrence. It is a significant impact. ii. Moderate Impacts
A moderate impact refers to an impact which influences a considerable area in the project ROW, (usually not extending to outside the project area), will affect many people or their assets, or natural resources, (in case of negative impacts, cannot be eliminated, but reduced to within acceptable limits by control or mitigation measures), is not likely to persist beyond the construction phase of the project (or only in a diminished level during the operation phase), and has a reasonable probability of occurrence. It can be a significant impact. iii. Minor Impacts
A minor impact refers to an impact which has a localized influence around the project intervention, affects a limited number of people, their assets, or natural resources etc, (in case of negative impacts, can be eliminated, or reduced to within acceptable limits by control or mitigation measures, or does not require any mitigation measures), is not likely to persist beyond construction phase of the project (into operation phase), and has a low or moderate probability of occurrence. It is not a significant impact. iv. No Impacts
No impact denotes a situation where proposed project interventions are not perceived to interact with, or affect, any sensitive receiver (people, assets, or natural resources etc).
5.2.2 EIA during Pre-construction Stage i. Impacts on Natural Habitats
The project is located in the barrage restricted area, on its right bank of Jhelum River. The area is mostly abandoned and some managed plantation is there on the downstream area. The power house is located on the downstream side. The construction of power channel will involve cutting of trees from its route causing a major negative impact. The impact will be mitigated with compensatory plantation, for which provision is made in the environmental budget.
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 5-2 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-3 Feasibility Study InitiarEnvironmentarE,xamination ftort ii. Impediment to Movement of Wildlife / Livestock / People
The proposed power station is located near the river bank, where no passage ways for human and animals exist. Therefore, the power house and allied structures will not pose any impediment to the movement of livestock and people. No negative impact will occur.
iii. Encroachment into Wetlands
River Jhelum is the major wetland in the vicinity of the project. However, the project will not disturb its ecosystem and other environment. It will not cause any impact.
iv. Special Area Protecting Biodiversity
There is no area requiring any special biodiversity protection. No impact is envisaged.
v. Incidence of Natural Hazards
The incidence of natural hazard like earthquake is not expected in the Project area, according to the Seismic Zone Map of Pakistan prepared by Geological Survey of Pakistan. As a precautionary measure an earthquake proof design will be developed so that little or no intensification of the basic accelerations associated with the frequency spectrum of the seismic disturbance is encountered. No impact is expected.
5.2.3 EIA during Construction Stage
i. Air Pollution due to Movement of Vehicles and Machinery
Air quality will be affected by the fugitive dust and emissions from the construction machinery, and vehicular traffic during the construction phase. Emissions may be carried over long distances, depending on wind speed and direction, the temperature of the surrounding air, and atmospheric stability. The critical sources of air pollution during the construction phase will be the earth digging machinery and haulage trucks that generate dust, particularly during loading and unloading processes. Moderate temporary negative impact is anticipated.
ii. Noise and Vibration due to Movement of Vehicles and Machinery
Noise generated by the construction machinery during the project construction stage is likely to affect the surroundings of the project. However, there are no sensitive receptors like schools, hospitals, etc. in the vicinity of the project site. Temporary minor negative impact is expected.
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 5-3 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-3 Feasibility Study InitiaREnvironmentaCEvmination Report iii. Deterioration of Surface and Ground Water Resources due to Project Activities and Sanitary Wastes from Workers' Camps
Surface and subsurface water resources at the project site may be contaminated by fuel and chemical spills, lubricants, detergents, etc. or by dumping of waste material and effluents generated by the kitchens and toilets at construction campsites, workshops and equipment washing-yards. A moderate temporary negative impact is envisaged. iv. Disruption of Traffic due to Movement of Heavy Machinery and construction of Power Channel
The construction of the proposed power house is to be carried out at the right bank of the Rasul Barrage. The power channel will cross the Rasul-Jhelum-Pind Dadan Khan road. It is an important inter-district road. Additional movement of vehicles and heavy machinery involved in the construction activities of the proposed project will cause traffic blocking resulting in localized conflict relating to inconvenience in living conditions of the people. This will create a moderate negative impact. v. Sewage and Solid Waste Disposal from Field Camps and Work Sites
Natural surroundings will be contaminated with chemicals, oil, lubricants, detergents, etc. through runoff from the construction area, construction camp, workshops and equipment washing-yards, or by dumping of waste material from these sites. A minor temporary negative impact is envisaged. vi. Short-term Soil Erosion and Silt Run-off due to Construction Activities
The excavation of power channel and construction of power house will be the major activities causing soil erosion and silt run off into the river. The problem will be controlled by adopting effective compacting measures at the banks of power channel and providing drainage system along the power channel and in the surrounding area. Thus, these excavations will not pose much problem of soil erosion and silt run off. Temporary minor negative impact is anticipated. vii. Soil Contamination due to Construction Materials
The soil resources may get contaminated from the spillage of chemicals like fuels, solvents, oils, paints and other construction chemicals and concrete. This normally happens when these materials are transported in open or loosely capped containers. Similarly, lands may be contaminated by scarified/scraped materials, if not disposed of properly. The risk of soil contamination will be minimized by imparting proper training to their workforce in the storage and handling of obnoxious materials, like furnace oil,
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diesel, petrol and chemicals, etc., that can potentially cause soil contamination. Temporary minor negative impact is anticipated. viii. Risk of Oil Spills from Vehicles / Machinery
The number of vehicles and machinery to be engaged in the construction activities will be a few as compared to normal traffic flow along the roads. It may create only surfacial negative impact, by placing a little oil spill which will be reversible. Short term minor negative impact is expected. ix. Impact on Land Use
The project is located in the barrage restricted area, which is comprised of abandoned / waste land. The only significant feature relating to land use is the plantation on the left side area of Rasul-Jhelum-Pind Dadan Khan road. About 91 acres of the land will be required for the project. The impact has been mitigated by providing budget for the compensatory plantation, as per environmental laws. Therefore, only temporary minor negative impacts on the land use patterns are envisaged. x. Impacts on Flora
It is estimated that about 6149 trees will be removed from the RoW of power channel and colony site. The cutting of trees will cause degradation of local environment. Accumulation of debris, wood chips, dead dried plants etc resulting from construction activities will be a potential fire hazard to the forest. During construction activities the Contractor's workers may damage the vegetation and trees (for use as fire-wood to fulfill the camps requirements). A moderate temporary negative impact is envisaged. The losses will be minimized by adopting the following measures.
• Minimum clearing of the vegetation will be carried out and minimum damage will be caused to trees and undergrowth in order to prepare the site for establishing the camps. • Construction vehicles, machinery and equipment will remain confined within their designated areas of movement. • The Contractor's staff and labor will be strictly directed not to damage any vegetation such as trees or bushes. They will use the paths and roads for movement and will not be allowed to trespass through farmlands or forested areas. • Open fires should be banned in the area to avoid hazards of fire in the area. • Contractor will provide gas cylinders at the camps for cooking purposes and cutting of trees/bushes for fuel will not be allowed. • A tree plantation program will be formulated by the Client with the help of EDO (Forestry) to plant about 30000 trees as compensation to about 6149 trees to be cut from the site. The Client will enter into an agreement with the Forest Department to
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implement the program as deposit work. The local communities will be involved on participatory basis to provide social safety to the plantation efforts and planted trees. The probable locations available in the Project Area for compensatory plantation will be on the banks of power channel, in the colony, vacant area around the power house and along the Rasul-Jhelum-Pind Dadan Khan road.
xi. Impacts on Fauna
During the construction phase, there will be negative impacts on the animal regime in the area due to construction activities involving excavation, movement of labor and carriage of goods and machinery. Mammals, such as jangal cat, jackal, fox, etc. will avoid these areas for fear of being persecuted. Same will be the case with reptiles; some reptiles might be killed during the digging and dragging operations. Rasul reservoir area is the main water body to attract migratory birds. The coming of these birds at this site will be restricted due to construction activities thus de-voiding the local • area from the seasonal natural beauty. Other birds will try to find shelter and food somewhere else and will tend to move away from the project area due to the activities mentioned above, for fear of being hunted / trapped. Due to establishment of labor camps; food storage, setting up of kitchens, production of sewage and waste water may result in multiplication of rodents like rats, mice and shrew etc. and vectors like mosquitoes, bugs and flies which will have a moderate negative impact. To minimize the impacts on flora, following measures will be adopted by the contractor.
• Hunting, poaching and harassing of wild animals will be strictly prohibited and Contractor will warn the labor accordingly. • Camps will be located at least 500 m away from the nearest wild life area and their source of food as well as water. • The camps will be properly fenced and gated to check the entry of wild animals in search of eatable goods. Similarly, wastes of the camps will be properly disposed off to prevent the chances of eating by wild animals, which may become hazardous to • them. • Special measures will be adopted to minimize impacts on the wild birds, such as avoiding noise generating activities during the critical periods of breeding. • Staff working on the project should be given clear orders, not to shoot, snare or trap any bird.
5.2.4 EIA during Operation Stage
i. Soil Erosion and Silt Run-off from the Banks of Power Channel
There will be a constant phenomenon of erosion of the earthen banks of power channel in the rainy seasons and during dry weather, as well. This will cause silt run off into the river yielding a minor negative impact. The impact will be minimized by strengthening
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the earthen banks of the power channel by carrying out plantation of trees, besides other measures as suggested by the project engineer. ii. Risk of Fire Incidents in the Power House
The main causes of fire incidents in a power house are overloading and short circuiting of the systems. The fire can break out in any unit of the integrated complex of the power house engulfing the whole complex including the switchyard and transformers. According to the electrical design engineers, the equipments have been provided with adequate fire proof arrangements. Minor negative impact is expected. iii. Type of Oil Used in the Transformers
Before 1980 - the PCB (Poly Chlorinated Dibenze) oil was used in transformers and other electric equipment which was synthetic in nature. The PCB oil was highly volatile and evaporated at 60oC. Its fumes cause cancer, besides being un-purifiable. However, it was effective for operational purposes. Being hazardous to health, the use of PCB oil was banned internationally and Pakistan also adopted the same obligation in 1990. Currently used oil in all type of transformers is a by product of natural mineral oil (Petroleum). It is of three types:
a) Naphenic, commonly used now with minimum flash point 140°C and maximum 150°C, freezing point -30°C (ICE-296 standard'). b) Paraffinic c) Napthenic (Aromatic)
I The IEC 296 applicable specifications of transformer oil are given as below.
i. Sp. Gravity at 20°C 0.095g/cm3 (Maximum) ii. Viscosity at 20°C 40 CS (Maximum) iii. Acidity neutralization value 0.03 mg/KoH/ g of oil (Maximum) iv. Flash point 140°C (Minimum) v. Freezing point - 30°C vi. Moisture Contents 30 ppm (Maximum) vii. Dielectric Strength 30 ku (Minimum) viii. Tangene Delta 0.005 (Maximum) ix. Oxidation Stability = Acidity after oxidation 0.40 (Max. sludge 0.10% (Max.) x. Corrosive Sulphur = Non corrosive Source: Shalimar Transformer Reclamation Workshop
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In Pakistan parafinic type of oil is used in the transformers. It is manufactured by various oil companies in accordance with the IEC 296 standards. This oil is uninhibited (harmless to human) and has no negative impact on the environment. iv. Leakage and Seepage of Transformer Oil
The main causes of transformer oil leakage and seepage are i) poor quality sealing, ii) weakening of seals due to the continuous running of transformers and iii) Lack of operation and maintenance (O&M). Minor negative impact is anticipated. v. Noise from Transformers
In case of overloading or poor power factor, the power transformers at the power house will produce noise. The noise will, however, not exceed the permissible noise level of 85 dB (A). Minor negative impact is expected.
5.2.5 Assessment of Socio-Economic Impacts
The implementation of the project will cause a few socio-economic impacts, which are described below: i. Cutting of Trees
About 6149 trees will need cutting from the project site. This will be on involuntary basis, causing a major negative impact. This impact will be mitigated, by carrying out compensatory plantation on the banks of power channel and in the vicinity of the power house. ii. Health Hazards •
Health hazards caused due to noise and air pollution during construction phase not only affect the workers but also the people living / working in the adjoining areas. Temporary minor negative impacts are expected during the construction stage, which will disappear with the completion of the project works. iii. Safety
The workers and the residents in the vicinity of power house and transmission lines are prone to hazards of high voltage. The impact will be minor negative. The impact will be mitigated by providing safety wall around the power house and safe horizontal and vertical clearance, in case of connecting transmission lines.
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iv. Gender Issues
The rural women normally actively participate in various out door socio-economic activities such as livestock rearing, bringing of potable water, etc which may be affected by the project activities. The induction of outside labor may create social and gender issues due to the unawareness of local customs and norms. It will also cause hindrance to the mobility of local women for working in the field, herding livestock, picking fuel wood, etc. The impact will be temporary moderate negative.
v. Electric Supply
During the process of public consultations, the main concern raised by the stakeholders was the shortage of electricity supply with frequent load shedding and low voltage problems. The construction of power house will play an important role in improving the existing power supply situation, not only in existing areas but also will supply electricity to many new areas. The beneficiaries will be the general public, women, students, commercial area and industries. With the firm and assured power supplies, it is anticipated that there will be an increase in the business activities, generation of more job opportunities, and increase in incomes and improvement in quality of life of the people. The impact will be major positive.
vi. Socio-economic Activities
During construction stage, the local people will find more business opportunities to accommodate the needs of the outside labor / people, engaged on the project. This will cause a positive increase in the incomes of the local people. The impact will be minor positive.
vii. Employment
During its construction stage, the Project will provide job opportunities to engineers, technical supporting staff and locally available skilled / unskilled labor force. On its completion, more job opportunities on regular basis for the operation and maintenance staff will be created. The impact will be moderate positive.
viii. Enhancement in Irrigated Area
Due to its geographical location, the major portion of the cultivated area, around the project is tubewells irrigated. With the increased power supply, the farmers will install more tubewells which will result in enhanced cropping intensities and crop production levels. The impact will be major positive.
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With the increased power supply, the pace of industrial development will gain momentum, creating a major positive impact.
5.2.6 No Impacts Situation i. Indigenous People / Vulnerable Groups
During the field surveys no indigenous people / vulnerable groups have been found. The consequent impact is nil. ii. Aesthetic Value
The power house will be constructed according to the latest state of the art and T/L will pass through the vegetation covered areas. Therefore, these do not impair the natural scenic value.
5.3 MITIGATION MEASURES
During the assessment process the nature and quantum of negative impacts had been identified. With a view to minimize/reduce/control these impacts, mitigation measures are suggested in Table 5-1, along with the implementing agencies.
5.4 ENHANCEMENT MEASURES
During the assessment process the nature and quantum of positive impacts had been identified. With a view to improve their impacts, enhancement measures are suggested along with the implementing agencies (Table 5-2). S
5.5 ESA PROCEDURE
• The following factors were taken into consideration for assessing the impacts relating to various environmental and socioeconomic issues. o Nature, magnitude or degree of impact. o Extent of impact on development work. o Time or duration and/or frequency of the impact. o Probability of the impact occurrence. o Importance or sensitivity of the impact. • For evaluation of environmental impacts a sampling scaling procedure was used to measure the impact of each issue. Numerals of +3, +2, +1 were assigned for major, moderate and minor beneficial impact, respectively. Similarly, the numerals —3, -2 and — 1 were assigned to adverse impacts. The numeral "0" was assigned to the issue, which
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remained unaffected, i.e. no significant impact from the Project activity. The overall goal of the Project is to ensure environmentally sound and sustainable bio-physical and Socio-economic developments. • The projected environmental impacts relating to different Project stages are evaluated and summarized in Table 5-3. No major negative environmental impact has been identified in the Project area. Most of the issues remained un-affected. Few minor and moderate negative impacts have been anticipated. Two major positive impacts have been anticipated.
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TABLES
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Table 5-1 MITIGATION MEASURES AND IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES
Environmental/ Implementing agencies Serial Mitigation Measures Social Issues Responsibility Action 1 Pre-Construction Stage Impairment of • Cutting of trees from the RoW should S2 Hydro Limited Contractor natural habitats be very selective and need basis. • On completion of the project the disturbed areas should be brought to original look. • Plants should be grown to improve the landscape. 2 Construction Stage Air pollution due to • Vehicles and other construction S2 Hydro Limited Contractor movement of machinery should be properly tuned vehicles and and maintained, to avoid hazardous machinery level of emissions. • The NEQS applicable to gaseous emissions generated by the construction vehicles, equipment, and machinery will be enforced during the construction of works. • In order to suppress the dust emissions, the Contractor will carry out a regular sprinkling of water, at least twice a day, for keeping the dust settled. • Haul-trucks carrying, earth, sand, aggregate and other materials will be kept covered with tarpaulin to help contain construction materials being transported within the body of each carrier between the sites.
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Noise and vibration • The construction machinery will be S2 Hydro Limited Contractor due to movement properly maintained. of heavy machinery • Silencers should be provided to the vehicles and other construction machinery. • The operators/workers will use ear muffs/ gadgets, eye visors, etc. • Noisy operation is done during day time.
Deterioration of • Training to the camp people will be S2 Hydro Limited Contractor surface and ground provided for the proper use of the water quality due to camp resources and their safe project activities disposal. 4 and sanitary • Availability of water for campsite wastes from facilities and construction purposes will workers' camps be ensured by the Contractor prior to start of construction activities. As per Local Government Act, the contractor will seek approval from the local government for exploitation of the water resources. • Construction camps will be established in areas with adequate natural drainage channels in order to facilitate flow of the treated effluents. • Wastewater effluent from contractors' 40 workshops and equipment washing- yards will be passed through gravel/sand beds to remove oil/grease contaminants before discharging it into the river. Similarly, the wastewater effluent from the campsite will be treated before disposing it off into the river.
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• According to NEQS, the BOD5 concentration in sewage must be brought down to less than 80 mg/I before being discharged into a natural stream / river with a capacity to dilute the effluent further by 10 times. Septic tanks will be used for this purpose.
Disruption of traffic • Hazardous driving should be avoided. S2 Hydro Limited Contractor for prolonged • Avoidance of movement of vehicles period due to and machinery during peak traffic movement of heavy hours machinery and • The activities to be undertaken during construction of lean hours power channel • Implement TMP as suggested in EMMP. Sewage and solid • For solid waste disposal, the waste S2 Hydro Limited Contractor waste disposal disposal sites of the nearby from field camps village/locality will be used, with prior and work sites Ormission of the communities. In case of their non-agreement, proper sites will be identified by the Contractor with the approval of the Project Engineer. • Proper solid waste management system be adopted from their generation to final disposal. • Water borne sewerage system should be provided. For the treatment of waste water septic tanks may be constructed.
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Short-term soil • The banks of power channel should S2 Hydro Limited Contractor erosion and silt run- be effectively compacted. off due to • Proper drainage system should be construction provided in the design, along the activities power channel and in the surrounding area. • The borrow pits should be brought to the previous position Soil Contamination • The contractor will prepare training S2 Hydro Limited Project due to Construction manual and module, along with the Manager/ Materials schedule of training program, for all Contractor the construction related activities under guidance / approval of the project engineer. • Solid waste generated during construction and at campsites will be properly treated and safely disposed off only in demarcated waste disposal sites. S2 Hydro Limited Risk of oil spills • Vehicles should be properly repaired / Contractor from vehicles and maintained machinery • Parking places and repair areas should be provided proper disposal channels and collectors to make these places water and oil proof S2 Hydro Limited Impact on land use • Compensatory plantation should be Project 411/ carried out in lieu of trees cut from the Engineer site. through • A tree plantatidn program will be Army and formulated by the Client with the help. Forest of Pakistan Army personnel and EDO Dept. (Forestry) to plant about 20000 trees Personnel as compensation to about 3865 trees
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to be cut from the site. The Client will enter into an agreement with the Army and Forest Department to implement the program as deposit work. • Army will be made responsible to carry out plantation in areas already under its control for this purpose and the Forest Department will carry out plantation out side the Army controlled areas. The local communities will be involved on participatory basis to provide social safety to the plantation efforts and planted trees. The probable locations available in the Project Area for compensatory plantation will be on the banks of power channel, in the colony, vacant area around the power house and along the Rasul-Jhelum- Pind Dadan Khan road.
Gender Issues • The Contractor will select the specific S2 Hydro Limited Contractor timings for the construction activities so as to cause least disturbance to the local population particularly women considering their peak movement hours. • Contractor will take due care of the local community and sensitivity towards local customs and traditions will be encouraged. • Contractor will warn the staff strictly not to involve in any un-ethical activities and to obey the local norms
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and cultural restrictions particularly with reference to women. • The contractor will take care as much as possible that the construction activities should not affect the privacy particularly with reference to women. 3 Operation Stage Risk of Fire • Adequate and appropriate fire fighting S2 Hydro Limited Resident incidents in the equipments including CO2, foam type Engineer power house and and sand containers will be provided residential colony. at the power house. • The power house will be provided with land line and power line carrier • telephones to call the nearby fire brigade. • An in-built fire proof system should be provided in the design. The switches should be provided in the switchyard with the equipments for isolation from the power circuit in case of fire. • Regular inspections of the power house installations will be made. • Standard Operation Procedures (SOP) in respect of operation and maintenance of the power station will
be developed by the project engineer . for the guidance of the staff. • Provision and up-keeping of proper fire fighting materials at the power house will be ensured by the project engineer. • Proper fire fighting training will be provided to the power house staff, on regular basis.
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Type of oil used in • Un-inhibited (non-PCB) oil in S2 Hydro Limited Resident transformers accordance with the IEC 296 Engineer standards should be used in the transformers. • This type of oil is harmless to human and has no negative impact on the environment. Leakage of • Proper maintenance staff will be S2 Hydro Limited Resident transformer oil employed in the power house. Engineer • All the installations will be inspected by the maintenance staff on daily basis with proper documentation. • The project engineer will carry out a general inspection of the power house installations fortnightly, with proper documentation. • To minimize the impacts of oil leaks out from the transformer, the switchyard area should be provided with proper layer of gravel. The leaked oil cannot permeate through the gravel base to reach the earth surface. • Seepage pits should be provided beneath the platforms of transformers to collect any spillage or leakage from the transformers; to avoid the soil contamination and environmental degradation. • In a grid station the transformers are regularly monitored to ensure that there is no seepage or leakage of oil from the transformers. Noise from • Transformers should not be S2 Hydro Limited Resident transformers overloaded Engineer • Power factor of transformer be maintained
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Safety of public and • Boundary wall around the power S2 Hydro Limited Resident power house house will be provided and Engineer installations provision of safe horizontal and vertical clearance will be ensured, in case of connecting transmission lines. Landscape and • On completion of the project the S2 Hydro Limited Resident scenic value of the disturbed areas should be brought to Engineer project site original look. • Ornamental plants should be grown to improve the landscape.
S Table 5-2 ENHANCEMENT MEASURES AND IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES
Environmental / Implementing agencies Serial Enhancement Measures Social Issues Responsibility Action
Operation and Timely and efficient system of repair S2 Hydro • Resident maintenance cost of and maintenance should be Limited Engineer power house adopted. • Contractor
Jobs during • Locals should be given preference S2 Hydro Limited • Resident construction and 0 & while allocating the jobs. Engineer M stages • For smooth functioning, all • Contractor' vacancies should be filled.
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Table 5-3 ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS RELATED TO CONSTRUCTION OF POWER HOUSE
Impact Intensity Impact Intensity After Serial Environmental Issues Before Mitigation Mitigation 1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AT PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE • Impediment to movement -1 0 of wildlife/livestock/people • Encroachment into 0 0 wetland • Special area protecting 0 0 biodiversity • Incidence of natural 0 0 hazards • Impairment of natural 0 0 habitats TOTAL -1 0 2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AT CONSTRUCTION STAGE • Air pollution due to -2 0 movement of vehicles and machinery • Noise and vibration due -1 0 to movement of heavy machinery • Deterioration of surface -2 0 water quality due to sanitary wastes from workers' camps • Disruption of traffic for -2 0 prolonged period due to movement of heavy machinery • Sewage and solid waste -1 0 disposal from field camps and work sites
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• Short-term soil erosion -1 0 and silt run-off due to construction activities • Contamination of soils -1 0 due to construction materials • Risk of oil spills from -1 0 vehicles and machinery • Impacts on land use -1 0
• Impacts on flora -1 0
• Impacts on fauna -1 0
TOTAL -14 0 3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AT OPERATION STAGE • Soil erosion and silt run -1 0 off from the banks of power channel • Risk of fire incidents in -1 0 the power house • Type of transformer oil 0 0 • Leakage / seepage of -1 0 transformer oil • Noise from transformers -1 0
TOTAL -5 0 3 ASSESSMENT OF NEGATIVE SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS • Cutting of trees -3 0 • Health hazards -1 0 • Safety -1 0 • Gender Issues -2 0 TOTAL -7 0
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4 ASSESSMENT OF POSITIVE SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS • Electricity supply 0 +3 • Socioeconomic activities 0 +2 • Employment 0 +3 • Enhancement in Irrigated 0 +2 area • Industrial development 0 +2. TOTAL 0 +12 GRAND TOTAL -22 0 (Negative Impacts) GRAND TOTAL 0 +12 (Positive Impacts)
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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN (EMMP) 0 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-3 Feasibility Study Initial Envimnmenta E—Kamination Rfport
CHAPTER 6
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN (EMMP)
6.1 INTRODUCTION
The EMMP provides mechanism to address the adverse environmental and social impacts of the project during its execution, to enhance project benefits and to introduce standards of - good practice to be adopted for all project works. For each expected impact, the EMMP requires the following information:
• A comprehensive listing of mitigation measures. • The institutions responsible for ensuring the implementation of the actions. • The socio-environmental issues and parameters to be monitored in order to ensure effective implementation. • A time scale for implementation of the objectives of the mitigations.
6.2 OBJECTIVES OF EMMP
The objectives of the EMMP are to:
• Define the responsibilities of project functionaries like Energy Department, S2 Hydro Limited, Supervision Consultants and the Contractor. • Identify the monitoring parameters • Design the monitoring mechanism • Facilitate the implementation of mitigation and enhancement measures • Specify the training requirements, target groups, curricula and trainers. • Take timely action in case of an unexpected situation • Support smooth implementation of project with minimum losses to environmental and social infrastructure • Ensure compliance with national and international agencies obligations
6.3 PROPOSED ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT ACTIONS
The details of environmental and social issues, environmental impacts, proposed mitigation actions and timings, agencies responsible for execution of proposed actions during various stages of project execution are given in Table 6-1.
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6.4 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC MONITORING PLAN
6.4.1 General
Monitoring denotes the checking and assessment of the status of project activities, on a regular basis, during all stages of project development. It helps in timely identification, analysis and removal of the bottlenecks and expediting actions. It is a tool to serve the interests of the project planners, executors and operation managers, as they share the common concern for timely corrective measures.
6.4.2 Objectives of Monitoring Plan i. Overall Objectives
Overall objectives of socio-economic and environmental monitoring plan are to:
• Identify and assess socio-economic and environmental status and trends continuously • Act as an early warning system, by identifying any sudden socio-economic and environmental deterioration that needs to be countered. • Afford effective socio-economic and environmental surveillance and to provide reliable information upon which continued socio-economic and environmental management of the project can be updated and refined. • Identify and recommend time-specific detailed socio-economic and environmental post-evaluation at ESA level. • Assess effectiveness of the mitigation and enhancement measures and to take prompt decisions on any additional measures. • Ascertain the nature and extent of impacts, which were uncertain at the time of IEE / EIA study and to allow suitable mitigation measures to be formulated. ii. Objectives of Monitoring During Construction Stage
• Monitor actual impacts on environmental and socio-economic aspects of the Project. • Provide early warning to the project management whether intensity of an impact is severer than the one predicted. • Suggest mitigation measures for the impacts whose intensity is severer than those predicted during the ESA process. • Furnish feedbacks for correction of any deficiencies / improper situations. • Ensure compliance with the administrative and legal frameworks. • Ensure fulfillment of the obligations required under NEQS. • Ensure proper disposal of excavated soil and excess construction materials. • Monitor tree plantation at the specified locations.
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• Monitor effective implementation of mitigation measures. • Monitor the achievement of overall socio-economic and environmental targets • Suggest modifications/ improvements, if any.
6.4.3 Performance Indicators
The monitoring will be a continuous activity and will be managed by the Project Engineer in coordination with the Managing Director, Punjab Power Development Board (PPDB). Three types of monitoring activities including Compliance Monitoring, Effects Monitoring and External Monitoring will be undertaken. These are described as follows: i. Compliance Monitoring
• The aim of compliance monitoring is to highlight the adherence of the project activities to the environmental and social control measures. For example it will be ensured that the tree plantation is undertaken as planned in order to compensate for the trees removed from the project site. • The compliance monitoring in the context of the present study includes the following issues. o To ensure that the project activities are being undertaken as planned in IEE, especially those having the adverse impacts. o To record and communicate to the concerned persons / department, any deviations observed from the original plan which could create negative impact on the environment, for necessary mitigation and compliance. o Apprise the community through public consultations about the quality and the progress of work and seek their views. ii. Effects Monitoring
The specific objectives of the effects monitoring are to:
• Inform the relevant authority about any untoward incident so that timely corrective actions may be taken. • Bring changes in the design or site conditions as a result of public consultations, with a view to minimize the adverse environmental impacts. • Ascertain the validity of the environmental parameters against he baseline values like air quality, water quality, noise and dust generation.
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The external monitoring will be carried out on quarterly basis. The objectives of this process is to ensure that the provisions of the EMMP are being implemented, the compliance and effect monitoring is made regularly by the S2 Hydro Limited, grievance redressal mechanism is adopted, consultations with the stake holders are carried out, socio-environmental training programme are being implemented, the Contractor and the Supervision Consultant are maintaining the up-to-date records of their activities, etc. For external monitoring, S2 Hydro Limited will hire the services of independent Socio- Environmental Consultant. The Monitoring Consultant will also provide training for the implementation of EMMP to the project functionaries, during each tenure of his posting. He will present the findings of the study in the form of a Monitoring Report to the Client. The S2 Hydro Limited will submit this report to the MD, (PPDB), Energy Department, Govt. of the Punjab. A provision of Rs. 3.8 million has been kept for this activity in the budget. iv. Post Project Monitoring
Under this system, monitoring of residual impacts will be carried out in detail by the S2 Hydro Limited. A provision of Rs. 0.60 million has been made.
6.4.4 Monitoring Responsibility
The MD, PPDB, Energy Department, Govt. of the Punjab will be the overall responsible for the implementation of monitoring plan. The Effects and Compliance monitoring will be the responsibility of the Supervision Consultant of the Project. The Supervision Consultant will employ a full time Environmentalist or Socio-Economist for these tasks. For external monitoring, an Independent Monitoring Consultant will be employed by the Client. The MD, PPDB, Energy Department will arrange hiring of such a Consultant.
6.4.5 Environmental Monitoring Mechanism
The pre-requisites of a sustainable monitoring plan of a project include the preparation of a detailed monitoring design for each of a project induced impact. This will include the objective of monitoring, key parameters to be monitored, location, timing frequency, methods of monitoring, data formats including data collection level, data sheets, equipment used, (both field and laboratory office equipments), data storage & retrieval, data reporting and responsibilities.
Most of the environmental monitoring will be carried out visually. For instrumental monitoring of ambient air quality, noise, vehicular emissions, water and wastewater analysis; the services of some competent and reliable environmental laboratory would be
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6.4.6 Visual Monitoring Parameters
Main environmental issues for visual monitoring will include:
• Land and water pollution from spill of lubricants, oils, obnoxious chemicals, construction waste material and waste from field camps. • Dust, smoke and noise generation from vehicles and machinery, and operation of machinery. • Clearance of ROW and access roads from vegetation and other hurdles. • Chance finding of antiquities. • Health and safety hazards. • Interruption of movement of local people and livestock during construction of the project. • Disruption to communities' safety due to insurgence of construction crews.
6.4.7 Socio-Economic Monitoring
The activities under the socio-economic management and monitoring plan mostly relate to the acquisition of privately owned land, resettlement issues and dislocation of people due to project activities. No such issues are envisaged in case of present project. As such, the socioeconomic monitoring will mostly hinge around the gender issues, accessibility problems, implementation of traffic management plan, compensatory plantation, etc. i. Monitoring Arrangements
• The social monitoring will be a continuous activity and will be managed by the Project Engineer through the Supervision Consultants. The Compliance Monitoring and Effects Monitoring will be carried out regularly and discussed in the fortnightly review meetings. The Project Engineer will ensure that the project functionaries carry out the following activities transparently. o Identification of the public facilities and utilities needing relocation. o Identification of suitable relocation sites. o Provision of alternate route by the contractor for the uninterrupted flow of traffic. o Recording any dispute among the project labor or between the labor and the local people with all details and actions. o Recording and addressing the concerns of the local people in respect of their accessibility problems by the contractor. o Progress in respect of compensatory plantation. o Ensure proper arrangements/ actions for the control of dust, smoke and noise.
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• The Project Engineer will provide the findings of monitoring activities in the Monthly Progress Report regularly, with details of the issues and the mitigation measures adopted under Grievance Redressal Mechanism (GRM). ii. Monitoring Parameters / Indicators
The following parameters will be considered in carrying out the social monitoring.
• Number and nature of consultations carried out, as well as targeted "stakeholders. • Record of any problems relating to the mobility of the people during construction. • Number of grievances recorded and redressed. • Key issues of conflict between local people and the contractors during construction of project. • Number of public facilities and utilities to be relocated. • Proper and effective implementation of TMP. iii. Communication and Documentation
The Supervision Consultant / Project Engineer will submit monthly reports to MD, (PPDB), Energy Department, Govt. of the Punjab. After necessary review of the report the MD, (PPDB) will submit the reports to the Secretary, Energy Department, for his approval. The MD, (PPDB) will intimate the action by the Secretary Energy, to the Project Engineer for information and required necessary actions.
6.5 CAPACITY BUILDING / TRAINING PROGRAMME
The training / capacity building programme is suggested to improve the information level and capabilities of the project functionaries to implement the actions vide the EMMP. The programme will be devised, and implemented by the environmental and social expert, who will be employed for External Monitoring. S2 Hydro Limited will provide all logistic and financial arrangements, as required in this respect. No separate costs for this activity are allocated in the budget.
6.6 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLAN (TMP)
6.6.1 Need for TMP
During the construction of Power Channel and stringing of transmission lines, there is movement of vehicles carrying the materials, equipment and machinery. This entails the increased traffic density and ensuing disruption of human activities. With a view to continue with the routine life operations it is imperative to regulate the flow of traffic.
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6.6.2 Concept of TMP for the Proposed Project
The construction of the proposed power house is to be carried out at the right bank of the Rasul Barrage. The power channel will cross the Rasul-Jhelum-Pind Dadan Khan Road. It is an important inter-district road. Additional movement of vehicles and heavy machinery involved in the construction activities of the proposed project will cause traffic blocking resulting in localized conflict relating to inconvenience in living conditions of the people. The situation requires a proper management of local and through traffic on the road while the construction work is in progress. This necessitates that an alternative route (a diversion type) should be provided by the contractor for the smooth flow of the traffic. At section of the road, falling within the RoW of power channel, the contractor will provide an alternative route for the normal flow of traffic. The contractor will make diverted route before taking up the works at this section of the power channel. The site for this diversion will be approved by the Project Engineer. The contractor will prepare traffic management plan and get it approved from the Project Engineer. The traffic will be regulated by posting flagmen at the both ends of the road, one at the Mandi Bahaudin side of Rasul Barrage and the other near Marialah village, at the juncture of Jhelum-Pind Dadan Khan Road. Should there be need of police force to regulate the traffic; the contractor will approach local administration. The Client will extend assistance in this regard, if required. With this arrangement, following aspects will be kept into consideration:
• The flagmen are provided with two-way radios to communicate each other for the management of traffic flow. • If needed, timings will be fixed for both way traffic. • Consideration may be given for school going children and patients, etc.
6.6.3 Procedure for Formation of the Proposed TMP
The TMP for the present project has been designed on the basis of topographical features, traffic load, and duration of the construction activities, the project site conditions and the close liaison with the relevant stakeholders. Involvement of Local Government, XEN, Rasul Barrage, Energy Department and the Police has been made for the preparation and subsequent effective implementation of the TMP for the project.
In order to ensure that people living in the surrounding localities of power house and those utilizing the roads in its vicinity are familiar with the proposed closures of traffic during the construction operation, an elaborate mass awareness campaign will be launched. This will be done through running the programmes over local electronic and print media. Lectures about various aspects of the TMP will be delivered in schools, colleges, mosques and town offices. Details are given in Annexure-5.
Total cost of TMP is about Rs. 2.00 million. This amount excludes the cost of construction of alternate diversion road. These costs will be a part of the project base costs.
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6.7 COMPENSATORY PLANTATION
About 6149 trees will need removal for the construction of power house and allied facilities, as per details provided in Table 5-9. Compensatory plantation at a ratio of 1:5 has been suggested to offset the negative impacts. An amount of Rs. 1.5 million has been provided in the environmental budget for this activity. The basis of the compensatory plantation costs are provided in Annexure-6.
6.8 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT COST
The Environmental Management & Monitoring Plan (EMMP) in respect of power house construction highlights the environmental and social issues suggests a number of mitigation actions and their costs. The budgetary requirements for these environmental and social hazards work out to be about Rs. 9.3 million, as provided in Table 6-3.
6.9 GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL MECHANISM (GRM)
The ESA Study identifies the socio-environmental issues relating to the implementation of selected works of the Project and suggests mitigation measures to address these issues in terms of Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP). However, in spite of best efforts, there is every chance that the individuals / communities affected by the project are dissatisfied with the measures adopted to address the adverse impacts of the project. Keeping in view the findings of the ESA baseline study, it is anticipated that the nature of such complaints will relate to local conflicts between the project functionaries and the local people. For example, un-necessary traffic closures, gender issues, contractor's behavior in executing the project works, etc. In this situation addressing the grievances of the aggrieved at the root level will ensure the timely and successful implementation of the project. It will also provide a public forum to the aggrieved to raise their objections and through conflict resolution, address these issues adequately. The main functions of the GRM will be as follows:
• To provide a mechanism to the aggrieved persons on problems arising as a result of project activities, • To facilitate the recording of the grievances of the aggrieved, categorize and prioritize the grievances that need to be resolved. • To ensure reporting to the aggrieved parties about the developments regarding their grievances and the decision of the project authorities. • To ensure that the GRM provide a solution of the grievances.
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6.9.1 Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC)
A GRC will be formed to address the matters effectively at the grass root level. The Committee will be headed by the Project Engineer (or Project Director, whichever the designation may be), a representative of the Supervision Consultants as its official members; and a person from the communities, as its non-official member. The non-project person should be a representative of the communities and should be regarded as impartial and non-disputed person.
6.9.2 Social Complaint Register (SCR)
Under the GRM, the concerned XEN Construction, supported by the Construction Supervision Consultant, will maintain the SCR at the work site to document all complaints received from the individuals and the local communities. The information recorded in the Register will include date of the complaint, particulars of the complainant, description of the grievance, actions to be taken, the person responsible to take the action, follow up requirements and the target date for the implementation of the mitigation measure. The register will also record the actual measures taken to mitigate these concerns. The SCR will be reviewed during the fortnightly / meetings at the site. The progress on the remedial actions will also be reviewed during the regular review meetings.
6.9.3 Time Frame
On the receipt of a complaint, the XEN concerned through staff in coordination with the Consultants, will register it and forward it to the GRC. The Committee will review the matter keeping in view its nature and suggest a remedial action within three days. If considered necessary, the Committee will consult the complainant as well. Once the Committee decides the remedial action, the Project Engineer will implement it within a week. The decision will be documented in the SCR, with complete details as discussed above. If due to any reasons, the decision could not be implemented, the reasons will also be documented. The proposed remedial action will be shared with the complainant. Similarly, the actual action taken will also be documented in the SCR and shared with the complainant. The complainant's views on the remedial action taken will also be documented in the Register. All the proceedings of the GRC will be intimated to MD (PPDB), Energy Department, Government of Punjab, for his information and approval of action taken. In case the matter remains unresolved, it will be sent to MD (PPDB), who will decide the matter within 7 days after a thorough review and his decision will be final.
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6.10 CONSULTATION STRATEGY
6.10.1 Importance
A continued process of keeping the stakeholders informed and receiving their feedback at various stages of project implementation will provide a good measure to improve the social acceptability of the project and also will ensure the participation of the stakeholders in the process of project development. Public consultations will be made at each stage of the project, i.e. design, construction and operation. A description of these consultations along with issues to be discussed and target participants is provided, as follows.
6.10.2 Public Consultations at Design Stage
The public consultations at design stage will involve the dissemination of project objectives and details of works to the general stakeholders for their opinions about the project through consultative meetings. The stakeholders will be asked to share their views about the project and give suggestions about the project design, keeping in view the area specific issues. The discussions and suggestions from these meetings will be used for improving the project design to the levels of social acceptance. Further, scoping sessions and focused group discussions with the people having specific stakes in areas where the proposed project interventions are planned to be implemented, will be carried out to record their views and concerns about the project, if any.
6.10.3 Construction Stage Consultations
The construction stage consultations will be made in areas where the construction activities are under way. The target participants will be the individual persons and communities in the area. The major issues at this stage may include the views and concerns of the stakeholders about the contractors' working behavior, relating to compensation, etc. Scoping sessions will be held with these stakeholders to appraise them about the project works and receive their feedback in terms of their concerns and views about the pace and quality of works; and the problems they are experiencing due to project works and mitigation suggestions from the stakeholders.
6.10.4 Post Construction Stage Consultations
The target participants will be the stakeholders with in the direct influence of the proposed interventions. The major issues may relate to environmental and social aspects, i.e. unattended ditches & debris by the contractor, pending cases of non-payment of compensation to the PAPs due to any reason, etc. Individual consultations and scoping sessions will be made with these stakeholders to share their views about the post construction socio-environmental impacts of the project and remedial measures.
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6.10.5 Responsibility for Carrying Out Consultations
The public consultations will be a continued activity. The environmental and social studies team of the IEE study at feasibility level will make the public consultations at design stage and the socio-economist, employed by the supervision consultants will carry out the construction stage and post-construction stage consultations.
6.11 DOCUMENTS TO BE PRODUCED
The Project Engineer with the assistance and support from the Supervision Consultant will produce periodic reports based on the information collected. These will include reports for:
• Project initiation meetings with each contractor, • Fortnightly meetings, • Non-compliances, • Effects monitoring.
At the end of the construction phase, a final report will also be prepared.
6.12 CONTRACT DOCUMENT CLAUSES FOR MITIGATION MEASURES
Contract documents must incorporate the relevant Project works and required mitigation measures. The main clauses to be incorporated in the document are suggested as follows:
• The contractor shall carryout the ground clearing operation for removal of vegetation by manual or mechanical methods. Chemical methods that lead to chemical contamination of the site shall not be used. • The contractor shall provide sufficient drainage arrangements to prevent erosion of excavated soil material at construction sites. • The contractor shall be fully acquainted with the environmental mitigation measures and shall implement as per the directions of the Engineer Incharge of the Project. • The EMMP will be a part of the contract documents.
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TABLES • RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-3 Feasibility Study InitialEnvironmental. Eacamination sport
Table 6-1
Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP)
Environmental / Management Responsi- Serial Anticipated Impacts Timings Social Issues Actions bilities 1 Preservation of bio- A few birds may shift to other trees in • Cutting / felling of carefully S2 Hydro Design Stage/ diversity nearby localities selected trees Limited/ Construction • Compensatory plantation of Contractor Stage required number of trees at suitable sites, around Power -do- House boundary walls.
2 Air and Noise pollution • Disturbance at work site. • Properly maintain and tune S2 Hydro Construction due to dust and • Health deterioration vehicles and machinery Limited/ Stage smoke emission as a • Proper covering of haul trucks Contractor result of movement of with tarpaulin, carrying earth, vehicles and sand, aggregate and other -do- machinery materials • Use of silencer • Use of ear muffs, eye visors, etc. -do- • Noisy operation be done -do- during day time • Sprinkle water 2 to 3 times -do- daily on un-metalled road -do- 3 Hazardous driving and • Chances of accident on the road • Avoidance of hazardous S2 Hydro Construction disruption of traffic due • Creation of nuisance and driving Limited/ Stage to construction of inconvenience to the people • Avoidance of movement of Contractor power channel • Unnecessary traffic blockade vehicles and machinery -do-
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Environmental / Management Responsi- Serial Anticipated Impacts Timings Social Issues Actions bilities • Local Disputes during peak traffic hours • The activities to be undertaken during lean hours -do- • Provision of alternate diversion route for smooth -do- flow of traffic at Pind Dadan Khan road. • Proper implementation of TMP -do-
4 Sewage and solid • Generation of bad odour • Provision of water born S2 Hydro Construction waste disposal from • Health deterioration sewage system. For the Limited/ Stage field camps and work • Damage to local scenic beauty. treatment of waste water, Contractor sites • Incidence of diseases septic tanks will be • Soil contamination constructed. • Daily collection and disposal of solid waste by sanitary -do- land filling method • Provision of sewerage system. -do- • Use of waste disposal sites of the nearby village/locality with -do- prior permission of the communities. In case of their non-agreement, proper sites will be identified by the Contractor with the approval of the Project Engineer.
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Environmental / Management Responsi- Serial Anticipated Impacts Timings Social Issues Actions bilities 5 Deterioration of Contamination of natural surroundings • Training to the camp people S2 Hydro surface and ground with chemicals, oil, lubricants, for the proper use of the Limited/ water quality due to detergents, etc. through runoff from the camp resources and their Contractor project activities and construction area, construction camp, safe disposal. sanitary wastes from workshops and equipment washing- • Availability of water for workers' camps yards, or by dumping of waste material campsite facilities and -do- from these sites. construction purposes will be ensured by the Contractor prior to start of construction activities. • As per Local Government Act, the contractor will seek -do- approval from the local government for exploitation of the water resources. • Construction camps will be established in areas with -do- adequate natural drainage channels in order to facilitate flow of the treated effluents. • Wastewater effluent from contractors' workshops and -do- equipment washing-yards will be passed through gravel/sand beds to remove oil/grease contaminants before discharging it into the river. Similarly, the wastewater effluent from the campsite will be treated
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Environmental / Management Responsi- Serial Anticipated Impacts Timings Social Issues Actions bilities before disposing it off into the river. • According to NEQS, the BOD5 concentration in -do- sewage must be brought down to less than 80 mg/I before being discharged into a natural stream / river with a capacity to dilute the effluent further by 10 times. Septic tanks will be used for this purpose.
6 Risk of oil spills from • Soil pollution • Vehicles should be properly S2 Hydro Construction vehicles stores and • Water pollution repaired / maintained Limited/ Stage machinery at camp • Careful collection and proper Contractor sites / parking places disposal of spilled oils and -do- lubricants from parking places and repair areas by providing proper disposal channels and collectors to make these places water and oil proof • Proper storage of fuels, oils and lubricants -do-
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Environmental / Management Responsi- Serial Anticipated Impacts Timings Social Issues Actions bilities 7 Soil Contamination due • Degradation of soils resources • The contractor will prepare S2 Hydro to disposition of • Impairment of aesthetics training manual and module, Limited/ construction materials along with the schedule of Contractor and debris on training program, for all the construction sites construction related activities under guidance / approval of the project engineer. • Solid waste generated during construction and at campsites -do- will be properly treated and safely disposed off only in demarcated waste disposal sites. • Removal of debris from the sites -do- 8 Workers health and Safety hazards for skilled and unskilled • Provision of safety gadgets S2 Hydro Construction safety work force and protective clothing to the Limited/ Stage workers Contractor • Arrangement for emergency medicines and first aid -do- facilities at work site 9 Clearance of ROW Delay in construction of power channel • Preparation of appropriate S2 Hydro Pre-Construction and other civil works trees inventory. Limited/ Stage / • Select trees carefully for Contractor Construction Stage removal on actual need basis. -do- • Compensatory tree plantation on the banks of power -do- channel and within the premises of power house and residential colony.
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Environmental / Management Responsi- Serial Anticipated Impacts Timings Social Issues Actions bilities 10 Risk of accident due to Chance of injury and death Provisional of safety belts, S2 Hydro Construction Stage/ electrocution gloves, insulated tools protective Limited/ clothing etc. to operators / Contractor Operation Stage electricians.
11 Gender Issues • Hindrance to the mobility of local • Selection of specific timings S2 Hydro Construction Stage/ women for working in the field, by the contractor for the Limited/ herding livestock, picking fuel wood, construction activities so as to Contractor Operation Stage etc. as a result of induction of cause least disturbance to the outside labour local population particularly • Disputes between the local people women considering their peak and the project staff movement hours. • Contractor will take due care of the local community and -do- sensitivity towards local customs and traditions will be encouraged. • Contractor will warn the staff strictly not to involve in any -do- un-ethical activities and to obey the local norms and cultural restrictions particularly with reference to women. • The contractor will take care as much as possible that the -do- construction activities should not affect the privacy particularly with reference to women.
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Environmental / Management Responsi- Serial Anticipated Impacts Timings Social Issues Actions bilities • As far as possible, the local skilled and un-skilled labour -do- will be employed.
12 Risk of Fire incidents in • Damage to the power house • Provision of adequate and S2 Hydro Operation Stage the power house and installations appropriate fire fighting Limited/ residential colony. • Damage to the private property equipments including CO2, Resident • Damage to the human life foam type and sand Engineer containers at the power house and in residential areas. • Provision of land line and power line carrier telephones to call the nearby fire -do- brigade. • An in-built fire proof system should be provided in the design of power house. -do- • Preparation of a Standard Operation Procedures (SOP) in respect of operation and -do- maintenance of the power station by the project engineer for the guidance of the staff. • Provision and up-keeping of proper fire fighting materials at the power house will be -do- ensured by the project
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Environmental / Management Responsi- Serial Anticipated Impacts Timings Social Issues Actions bilities engineer. • Imparting of proper fire fighting training to the power house staff, on regular basis. -do-
13 Leakage of transformer • Degradation of atmosphere of the • Provision of qualified S2 Hydro Operation Stage oil power house maintenance staff in proper Limited/ • Health hazards to the power number Resident house staff • Inspection of the Engineer installations by the -do- maintenance staff on daily basis with proper documentation. • Fortnightly general inspection of power house -do- installations by the Resident Engineer, with proper documentation. • Provision of proper gravel layer on the switchyard area -do- to minimize the impacts of oil leaks out from the transformer. The leaked oil cannot permeate through the gravel base to reach the earth surface. • Provision of seepage pits beneath the platforms of -do- transformers to collect any spillage or leakage from the
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Environmental / Management Responsi- Serial Anticipated Impacts Timings Social Issues Actions bilities transformers; to avoid the soil contamination and environmental degradation.
14 Safety of general Danger to human and animal life • Provision of boundary wall S2 Hydro Operation Stage public and power around the power house Limited/ house installations • Ensuring of safe vertical and Resident horizontal clearance, in case Engineer of connecting transmission lines. 15 Cutting of Trees Environmental degradation A tree plantation program will be S2 Hydro Construction Stage formulated by the Client with the Limited/ / Operation Stage help of Pakistan Army personnel Resident and EDO (Forestry) to plant Engineer about 20000 trees as compensation to about 3865 trees to be cut from the site. The Client will enter into an agreement with the Army and Forest Department to implement the program as deposit work. The Army will be made responsible to carry out plantation in areas already under its control for this purpose and the Forest Department will carry out plantation out side the Army controlled areas. The local communities will be involved on participatory basis to provide
BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 6-20 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-3 Feasibility Study InitiafEnvironmentafEtamination q Environmental / Management Responsi- Serial Anticipated Impacts Timings Social Issues Actions bilities social safety to the plantation efforts and planted trees. The probable locations available in the Project Area for compensatory plantation will be on the banks of power channel, in the colony, vacant area around the power house and along the Rasul-Jhelum-Pind Dadan Khan road. 16 Landscape and scenic Impairment of aesthetics • Restoration and rehabilitation S2 Hydro Operation value of the project site of construction and camp Limited/ Stage sites on completion of the Resident project. Engineer • Ornamental tree plantation in the vicinity of power house for -do- the improvement of environment. BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 6-21 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-3 Feasibility Study InitiarEnvimnmented Examination ftort Table 6-2 Environmental Monitoring Programme Cost Duratio Responsi- Monitoring Parameters Location (Million SerialItem n bilities Rs.) 1. Air • Particulate Matter (PM10) Two sites in Six 0.60 S2 Hydro Quality • Carbon Monoxide (CO) the vicinity of monthly Limited • Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) power house • Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) 2 Water • Temperature Two site, Six 1.00 S2 Hydro Quality • pH one in the monthly Limited • Turbidity power house • Dissolved Oxygen (D.0) vicinity and • Biological Oxygen the other at Demand(BOD) the • Chemical Oxygen residential Demand(COD) colony • Total Suspended Solids (TSS) • Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) • Nitrate • E. Coli 3 Noise dB(A) scale Two sites in Six 0.40 S2 Hydro Level the vicinity of monthly Limited power house Table 6-3 Summary of Environmental and Social Management Cost Cost Serial Item (Million Rs) 1 Environmental Monitoring 2.000 2 External Monitoring 3.200 3 Post Project Monitoring 0.600 4 Traffic Management Plan (TMP) 2.000 5 Compensatory Plantation 1.500 Total 9.300 BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 6-22 • IDENTIFICATION OF STAKEHOLDERS AND PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS 0 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-3 Feasibility Study InitiatEnvimnmentarE,vmination &Tort CHAPTER-7 IDENTIFICATION OF STAKEHOLDERS AND PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS 7.1 GENERAL Identification of project stakeholders was made and small scale consultations with these stakeholders were carried out, as required vide the ADB guidelines for carrying out an IEE study. The out come of this process has been described in this section. 7.2 IDENTIFICATION OF STAKEHOLDERS Project stake holders are of two types, i.e. primary and secondary. Primary stakeholders are those individuals, groups of people or departments whose land, business, structures, installations, etc. are directly affected by the project activities, positively or negatively. The secondary stakeholders are the groups from the civil society, department, local bodies, NGOs, etc. who may be impacted by the project interventions. The following primary and secondary stakeholders have been identified in case of Rasul Low Head Hydropower Project. i. Primary Stakeholders • • Irrigation Department • Highway Department, Gujrat • Gujranwala Electric Supply Company (GEPCO) ii. Secondary Stakeholders • Farmers • Business Community • Industrial Units • Various Govt. Departments such as Local Government, Agriculture, Forest, Telecommunication, etc. • Hospitals and Schools 7.3 PUBLIC CONSULTATION A limited scale public consultation process was carried out with the identified stakeholders of the project. The objective of this process was to: • Share information with stakeholders, on proposed works and expected impact on the physical, biological, and socio-economic environment of the project and inform them BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 7 - 1 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-3 Feasibility Study InitialEnvironmental-Examination Report about the objectives and salient features of the project, especially those features which could affect them. • Understand stakeholders, concerns regarding various aspects of the project, including the existing condition of the power availability in the area and the likely impact of construction-related activities and operation of the project. • Identify any specific problems (such as vulnerable communities) • Share ideas for an environment and social friendly management of the project • Obtain local knowledge and wisdom relevant to the project • Increase social acceptability and public confidence in the project • Gain information about any other schemes or plans of other departments in the area 7.4 CONCERNS OF STAKEHOLDERS The main concerns raised and suggestions documented in the meetings are listed below. The list of persons contacted during data collection and carrying out public consultations is provided at Annexure-3. 7.4.1 General Concerns The concerns and suggestion as reported by the stakeholders in the RoW of Power Channel relating to various project stages are as under. i. Design Stage • The government should improve the road quality, from both sides, i.e. Mandi Bahaudin and Jhelum, before the start of project works. Otherwise, the existing road will be damaged due to the movement of heavy vehicles and machinery and this will affect the access of the people. • Provide high school for girls and inter level college for boys at Marialah village. • The cutting of trees should be very selective and site specific basis. More trees should be planted in lieu of the removed trees so that the environment of the project is not affected. • The plantation of trees should be given special consideration from the defence point of view. • Private land and property should be saved from the project activities to the possible extent. • Provision should be made in the design of the project to supply power from this project to the local area on preferential basis. ii. Construction Stage • The construction activities should not restrict the mobility of the people. • Contractors should be bound to set up their camps away from settlements. BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 7 - 2 RASUL LOW HEAD HP12 Volume-3 Feasibility Study InitiaCEnvironmentaCExamination *port • Contractors should be bound to rehabilitate the damaged village roads / farm roads. • Contractors should respect the privacy of people. • Unskilled labour should be hired from the local area. • The contractors should not use private land for parking construction machinery and vehicle. • Contractor should not dump the construction materials in the private fields. • Contractor should adopt measures to minimize dust, smoke & noise pollution, and to control spillages from construction machinery. • The contractor should provide alternate route for the smooth flow of traffic at the time of construction of power Channel Bridge at the Rasul-Jhelum-Pind Dadan Khan road. iii. Operation Stage • Proper wall or fencing should be provided around the power house installations for their safety, on one hand and of the people and live stock, on the other. • Cautionary and information signs should be erected in the vicinity of power house at proper place for the awareness of the public. • A regular inspection of the installations should be made to prevent any accident. • Waste materials and untreated sewage water from the project colony should not be dumped into the river. • Any labor required at operation stage of the project should be hired from the local area. • After construction of the power house, economic activity will increase in the area • Project area is basically "agricultural area" facing shortage of irrigation water. With the construction of power house, farmers will install more tubewells, and agricultural production will increase. BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 7-3 • FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS • RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-3 Feasibility Study Initial Envimnmenta f Examination Agport CHAPTER 8 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 8.1 PREAMBLE The present IEE study has been conducted for environmental and social assessment of the impacts caused due to construction of proposed low head hydropower project at Rasul Barrage. The relevant laws, rules, regulations and guidelines of the Government of Pakistan and the ADB guideline have been followed while preparing the study. 8.2 FINDINGS The findings of the IEE study are furnished as follows. 8.2.1 Existence Of Sensitive Areas The pond created by Rasul Barrage is the main wet land in the vicinity of the project. The project will not exert any negative impacts on the bio-diversity of this wet land. Apart from this, there exist no sensitive areas in and around the project such as national parks, areas for ethnic minorities, sites of cultural heritage, site of historical value, etc. 8.2.2 Existence Of Sensitive Characteristics There exists no impact bearing sensitive characteristics except tree cutting from the RoW of power channel and from the site proposed for other civil works, for which ample budgetary provisions has been made for compensatory plantation in the surrounding areas. 8.2.3 Scale Of Sensitive Characteristics The sensitive characteristics relating to the project will be of site specific and in limited scale. No resettlement issues are expected to arise. 8.2.4 Indigenous And Vulnerable Persons And Female Headed Households No indigenous persons or female-headed household, being affected by the project, were identified. 8.2.5 Cultural, Religious, Archaeological And Historical Sites No mosques and graves; and sites of archaeological and historical importance will be affected due to implementation of the proposed Rasul Low Head Hydropower Project. BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 8 - 1 RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-3 Feasibility Study Initial Envimnmentat Ex.amination teport 8.2.6 Project Negative Impacts • The construction stage will face a few negative impacts in form of dust, smoke and noise on account of employment of vehicles, machinery and equipment. The generation of construction waste, solid waste and oil spills/seepage will have negative impacts on land and air resources. All such impacts are temporary and are of minor nature. The mitigation measures have been suggested in the EMMP. • The project operation phase will come across issues such, leakage/seepage of transformer oil, generation of noise from transformers and waste management. These are reversible impacts and accordingly mitigation measures have been given in the EMMP. • About 6149 shade trees will need removal, from the RoW of the power channel and the site proposed for allied civil works. 8.2.7 Major Positive Impacts The major positive impacts of the Rasul Low Head Hydropower Project at Rasul Barrage are given as under: • The Project will not pose any resettlement or relocation issues. The land proposed for the project belongs to Irrigation. Department, Government of Punjab. • Significant improvement in reliability and stability of electric supply system is envisaged. • The operation of the project will result in improving the voltage profile. • The project will help in reducing the unemployment situation. More jobs will be created for the locals at construction stage. • There will be an increase in the socio-economic activities. • There is insignificant environmental damage to local land, water and biological resources. 8.3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT BUDGET The Environmental and Social Management cost works out to be about Rs. 9.300 million 8.4 RECOMMENDATIONS In view of the above mentioned conclusions of the IEE study the following recommendations are made. • Compensatory plantation should be carried out in lieu of removed, at suitable sites. • The diversion road should be constructed for the smooth and uninterrupted flow of traffic at Rasul-Jhelum-Pind Dadan Khan Road, during the construction of power channel. • The access of the residents to their farms should not be affected on permanent basis. • The provisions of the EMMP should be implemented in letter and spirit. • The EMMP will be the part of the project contract documents. BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 8 - 2 • CONCLUSION RASUL LOW HEAD HPP Volume-3 Feasibility Study InitiafEnvimnmenta Examination Report CHAPTER - 9 CONCLUSION 9.1 CONCLUSION Based on overall assessment of the impacts of the construction of hydropower scheme at Rasul Barrage, it may be concluded that physical, ecological and social environment of the project will not be adversely affected by the proposed project subject to the implementation of environmental mitigation measures, proper monitoring and compliance of the environmental standards/legislations as proposed in this IEE. BARQAAB Consulting Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 9-1 Report No. PPI-218.1-Final/16 INTERCONNECTION STUDY For 18 MW Rasul Hydro Power Project at Rasul Barrage, District Mandi Bahauddin Final Report (September 2016) POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL LTD. Registered in England & Wales No. 6363482 UK Office: Pakistan Office: 3-Sylvester Road, 64-F/1, Wapda Town, Sudbury Town, Middlesex, Lahore 54770, Pakistan HAO 3ACt, UK Phone: +92-42-5182835; Phone & Fax:+44-(0)208-9223219 Fax: + 92-42-5183166 Email: [email protected] www.powerplannersint.com Executive Summary + The study objective, approach and methodology have been described and the plant's data received from the client validated. • The GEPCO system data, as available with PPI for other studies, has been used. + The interconnection study of Rasul HPP to evacuate its maximum power of 18 MW is envisaged and studied in detail. + The substations of GEPCO available in the vicinity of Rasul HPP are Mandi Bahauddin, Shahana Lok and Helan 132 kV. + In view of the above mentioned 132 kV network available in the vicinity of the site of the Rasul HPP, the proposed interconnection scheme is to connect Rasul HPP by Looping In-Out of the existing 132 kV Mandi Bahauddin — Helan single circuit. The looping distance, verified from the site visit carried out on 9 September 2016, was found out to be 12 km. + Detailed load flow studies have been carried out for the peak load conditions of September 2019 for all the proposed schemes under normal and N-1 contingency conditions to meet the reliability criteria. + Steady state analysis by load flow reveals that proposed schemes are adequate for the evacuation of the maximum power of 18 MW of the plant, under normal and contingency conditions shown in Appendix - C. + The short circuit analysis has been carried out to calculate maximum fault levels at Rasul-PP 132 kV and other 132 kV substations in its vicinity. We find that the fault currents for the proposed scheme are much less than the rated short circuit capacities of switchgear installed at these substations. It was found that there are no violations of exceeding the rating of the equipment due to contribution of fault current from Rasul HPP. + The short circuit level at Rasul-PP 132 kV bus bar is 3.11 kA and 2.71 kA for 3- phase and 1-phase faults respectively. Therefore industry standard switchgear of the short circuit rating of 25 kA may be installed at the 132 kV substation of Rasul 1.,4. POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 2 OF 25 HPP to accommodate future expansions of generation and transmission in this area. ❖ The dynamic stability analysis of proposed schemes of interconnection has been carried out. The stability check for the worst case of three phase fault on the 132 kV bus bar of Rasul HPP substation, followed by the final trip of Rasul-PP to Mandi Bahauddin 132 kV S/C has been performed for fault clearing of 5 cycles (100 ms — normal case) and 9 cycles (180 ms — stuck breaker case). The system was found to be strong enough to maintain its stability, and recovered with fast damping. ❖ The proposed schemes of interconnection have no technical constraints or problems under steady state load flow, short circuit currents and dynamic/transient conditions; and are therefore recommended to be adopted. 711 III POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 3 OF 25 Report Contents 1. Introduction 1.1. Background 1.2. Objectives 1.3. Planning Criteria 2. Assumptions of Data 2.1 Rasul HPP Data 2.2 Network Data 3. Study Approach & Methodology 3.1 Understanding of the Problem 3.2 Approach to the Problem 4. Development of Schemes of Interconnection 4.1 The Existing and ongoing Network 4.2 The Scheme of Interconnection of Rasul HPP 5 Detailed Load Flow Studies 5.1 Base Case Load Flow 2019, Without Rasul HPP 5.2 Load Flow with Rasul HPP September 2019 5.3 Conclusion of Load Flow Analysis 6. Short Circuit Analysis 6.1 Methodology and assumptions 6.2 Fault current calculations 6.3 Conclusion of short circuit analysis 7. Dynamic Stability Analysis 7.1 Assumptions & Methodology 7.1.1 Dynamic Models WrI ...Iv POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 4 OF 25 7.1.2 System Conditions 7.1.3 Presentation of Results 7.1.4 Worst Fault Cases 7.2 Dynamic stability simulations' results 7.3 Conclusion of Dynamic Stability Analysis 8. Conclusions Appendices Appendix — A: Generation and Transmission Plan, Load Forecast Appendix — B: Sketches Appendix — C: Plotted Results of Load Flow for Chapter — 5 Appendix — D: Results of Short Circuit Calculations for Chapter — 6 Appendix — E: Plotted Results of Stability Analysis for Chapter — 7 Appendix — F: Dynamic Data for Rasul HPP POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 5 OF 25 1. Introduction 1.1 Back2round The proposed project is a Hydropower Plant to be located on Rasul Barrage, near 132 kV Mandi Bahauddin Grid Station, District Mandi Bahauddin, located in the concession area of Gujranwala Electric Power Company (GEPCO). The location of Rasul HPP is shown in Appendix-B. The net output planned to be generated from the site is about 18 MW of electrical power. The project is expected to start commercial operation by September 2019. The electricity generated from this plant will be supplied to the grid system of GEPCO through the 132 kV grids of GEPCO available in the vicinity of this plant. 1.2 Objectives The overall objective of the Study is to evolve an interconnection scheme between Rasul HPP and GEPCO network, for stable and reliable evacuation of 18 MW of electrical power generated from this plant, fulfilling N-1 reliability criteria. The specific objectives are: 1. To develop schemes of interconnections of which right of way (ROW) and space at the terminal substations would be available. 2. To determine the performance of interconnection scheme during steady state conditions of system, normal and N-1 contingency, through load- flow analysis. 3. To check if the contribution of fault current from this new plant increases the fault levels at the adjoining substations to be within the rating of equipment of these substations, and also determine the short circuit ratings of the proposed equipment of the substation at Rasul HPP. 4. To check if the interconnection withstands dynamic stability criteria of post fault recovery with good damping after 3-phase faults on the system. POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 6 OF 25 1.3 Planning Criteria The planning criteria required to be fulfilled by the proposed interconnection is as follows: Steady State: Voltage ± 5 %, Normal Operating Condition ± 10 %, Contingency Conditions Frequency 50 Hz, Continuous, ± 1% variation steady state 49.2 - 50.5 Hz, Short Time Power Factor 0.8 Lagging; 0.9 Leading Dynamic/Transient: The system should revert back to normal conditions, after transients die out, with good damping, without losing synchronism. • For 132 kV and above, the total normal fault clearing time from the instant of initiation of fault current to the complete interruption of current, including the relay time and breaker interruption time to isolate the faulted element, is equal to 100 ms (5 cycles). POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 7 OF 25 2. Assumptions of Data The detailed electrical parameters of the generators at Rasul HPP are as follow: 2.1 Rasul HPP data Generator data: Number of Generating Units = 3 Lump sum Net generating capacity = 18 MW Power factor = 0.8 lagging, 0.85 leading Generating Voltage = 6.3 kV Inertia Constant H (turbine + generator) = 1.85 (MWs/MVA) 2.2 Network data The surrounding networks available for interconnection to Rasul Hydro Power Plant are as shown in Sketches 1 and 2 in Appendix-B. ...4. POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 8 OF 25 3. Study Approach and Methodology 3.1 Understanding of the Problem Rasul HPP 18 MW is going to be a hydropower project located at the Rasul Barrage near 132 kV Mandi Bahauddin Grid Station, District Mandi Bahauddin, located in the concession area of Gujranwala Electricity Power Company (GEPCO) This source of local power generation to be embedded in local distribution network shall provide great relief to the source substations in the vicinity and also help in terms of improving line losses and voltage profile. The nearest substations of GEPCO, available in the vicinity of Rasul HPP, are Mandi Bahauddin, Shahana Lok and Helan 132 kV. The adequacy of this system to absorb and transmit power as per the reliability criteria will be investigated in this study. 3.2 Approach to the problem The consultant has applied the following approaches to the problem: • A base case network model has been prepared for the year 2019, which is the commissioning year of Rasul HPP, comprising all 500kV, 220kV and 132 kV system, envisaging the load forecast, the generation additions and transmission expansions for that year, particularly in GEPCO. • The month of September has been selected for the study because it is a high water season and it will allow us to judge the maximum impact of the plant on the network in these conditions • Interconnection schemes without any physical constraints, such as right of way or availability of space in the terminal substations, have been identified. • Technical system studies for peak load conditions have been performed, to confirm technical feasibility of the interconnection schemes. The schemes have been subjected to standard analysis like load flow and short circuit, and transient stability study to check the strength of the machines and the proposed interconnection scheme under disturbed conditions. 111 vri POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 9 OF 25 • The relevant equipment for the proposed technically feasible schemes has been determined. • The most technically feasible scheme of interconnection from the options considered has been recommended. 11, POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 10 OF 25 4. Development of Schemes of Interconnection 4.1 The Existing and 011201112 Network It was found that the nearest existing GEPCO interconnection facilities at the time of commissioning of Rasul Hydro Power Project would be: o Mandi Bahauddin 132 kV SubstatiOn o Helan 132 kV Substation The existing 132 kV network in the vicinity of these grid station, as well as the power plant, is shown in Sketch-2 in Appendix-B. 4.2 The Scheme of Interconnection of Rasul HPP In view of the above mentioned 132 kV network available in the vicinity of the site of Rasul HPP, the proposed interconnection scheme is to connect Rasul HPP by Looping In-Out of the existing 132 kV Mandi Bahauddin — Helan single circuit. The looping distance, verified from the site visit carried out on 9 September 2016, was found out to be 12 km. fa 111 PO 'ER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 11 OF 25 5. Detailed Load Flow Studies 5.1 Base Case 2019, Without Rasul HPP A base case has been developed for the peak load of September 2019, which lies in the high water season and will allow us to judge the maximum impact of Rasul HPP on the GEPCO network during high water conditions, using the network data supplied/authorized by NTDC/GEPCO. The results of load flow for this base case are plotted in Exhibit 0.0 of Appendix-C. The system plotted in this Exhibit comprises of 132 kV network feeding Mandi Bahauddin and Helan and its surrounding substations. The load flow results for the normal case show that the power flows on all the circuits are within their normal rating. We find that there are no capacity constraints in terms of power flow or voltage ratings in the surrounding network available in the vicinity of Rasul HPP for its connectivity under normal conditions. The following N-1 contingency tests were run: Exhibit-0.1 Dinga to Helan 132 kV Single Circuit Out Exhibit-0.2 Rasul-PP to M.B.Din 132 kV Single Circuit Out Exhibit-0.3 Phalia to Shahtaj 132 kV Single Circuit Out Exhibit-0.4 H.Faqirn to Phalia 132 kV Single Circuit Out Exhibit-0.5 Bhera.In to H.Faqirn 132 kV Single Circuit Out Exhibit-0.6 Rajar to Kharian 132 kV Single Circuit Out Exhibit-0.7 NBongesc to Kharian 132 kV Single Circuit Out The load flow results also show that there are no capacity constraints in the area surrounding and the voltage rating of the bus bars remain within their limits. III NI POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 12 OF 25 5.2 Load Flow with Rasul HPP for September 2019 This proposed scheme of interconnection of Rasul HPP scheme is to connect the PP by looping In-Out of the existing 132 kV Mandi Bahauddin — Helan single circuit. This interconnection scheme has been modeled in the load flow studies. The month of September has been selected because it is a high water season and it will allow us to observe the impact of the project when loadings on the lines are maximum. The results of load flow with Rasul HPP interconnected as per proposed scheme are shown in Exhibit 1.0 in Appendix-C. The power flows on the circuits are seen well within the rated capacities and the voltages on the bus bars are also within the permissible operating range of ± 5 % off the nominal. We find no capacity constraints on adjoining circuits under normal conditions i.e. without any outages of circuits. N-1 contingency analysis has been carried and the plotted results are attached in Appendix — C as follows; Exhibit-1.1 Rasul 132/0.63 kV Single Transformer Out Exhibit-1.2 Dinga to Helan 132 kV Single Circuit Out Exhibit-1.3 Rasul-PP to M.B.Din 132 kV Single Circuit Out Exhibit-1.4 Phalia to Shahtaj 132 kV Single Circuit Out Exhibit-1.5 H.Faqirn to Phalia 132 kV Single Circuit Out Exhibit-1.6 Bhera.In to H.Faqirn 132 kV Single Circuit Out Exhibit-1.7 Rajar to Kharian 132 kV Single Circuit Out Exhibit-1.8 NBongesc to Kharian 132 kV Single Circuit Out N-1 contingency criteria is fulfilled in all the above contingency cases. Also, the bus bar voltages are well within the rated limits in the contingency events. Hence there are no additional constraints introduced in this scheme due to the interconnection of Rasul HPP. POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 13 OF 25 5.3 Conclusion of Load Flow Analysis From the analysis discussed above, we conclude that the proposed interconnection schemes of Rasul HPP with GEPCO are adequate to evacuate the power of Rasul HPP under normal as well as contingency conditions as shown in Appendix — C. PP' POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 14 OF 25 6. Short Circuit Analysis 6.1 Methodoloo7 and Assumptions The methodology of IEC 909 has been applied in all short circuit analyses in this report for which provision is available in the PSS/E software used for these studies. The maximum fault currents have been calculated with the following assumptions under IEC 909: • Set tap ratios to unity • Set line charging to zero • Set shunts to zero in positive sequence • Desired voltage magnitude at bus bars set equal to 1.10 P.U. i.e. 10 % higher than nominal, which is the maximum permissible voltage under contingency condition. For evaluation of maximum short circuit levels we have assumed contribution in the fault currents from all the installed generation capacity of hydel, thermal and nuclear plants in the system in the year 2019 i.e. all the generating units have been assumed on-bar in fault calculation's simulations. The assumptions about the generator and the transformers data are the same as mentioned in Ch.2 of this report. 6.2 Fault Current Calculations 6.2.1 September 2019 without Rasul HPP In order to assess the short circuit strength of the network of 132 kV without Rasul HPP for the grid of GEPCO in the vicinity of the site of the plant, fault currents have been calculated for balanced three-phase and unbalanced single-phase short circuit conditions. These levels will not only give us the idea of the fault levels of Mandi Bahauddin 132kV grid station and other grid stations in the vicinity without Rasul HPP but also would help us know as to how much the contribution of fault current later on from Rasul HPP may add to the existing levels. WI W POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 15 OF 25 The short circuit levels have been represented graphically on the bus bars of 132 kV which are shown in the Exhibit 3.0 attached in Appendix-D. The fault currents in the Exhibit are given in polar coordinates i.e. the magnitude and the angle of the current. The total fault current is shown below the bus bar. The tabular output of the short circuit calculations is also attached in Appendix-D for bus bars of our interest i.e. the substations connecting in the 132 kV circuits lying close to Rasul HPP. The total maximum fault currents for 3-phase and 1-phase short circuit at these substations are summarized in Table 6.1. Table 6.1 Maximum Short Circuit Levels without Rasul HPP Substation 3-Phase Fault Current 1-Phase Fault Current (kA) (kA) Helan 132 kV 3.71 3.28 Dinga 132 kV 4.26 3.67 M. B. Din 132 kV 3.24 3.01 Shahtaj 132 kV 3.22 2.89 Phalia 132 kV 3.16 2.82 H. Faqirn 132 kV 3.52 3.03 Bhera. In 132 kV 4.20 3.32 Ludwla-N 132 kV 22.28 23.06 Rasul 132 kV 3.59 3.02 Shahana Lok 132 kV 3.81 3.22 Itharian 132 kV 16.21 13.12 Lalamusa 132 kV 17.18 14.7 Bhimber 132 kV 4.67 3.58 NBongesc 132 kV 22.44 20.03 Rajar 220 kV 10.56 7.37 gfij POW ER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 16 OF 25 6.2.2 September 2019 with Rasul HPP Fault currents have been calculated for the electrical interconnection of proposed scheme. Fault types applied are three phase and single-phase at the 132 kV bus bar of Rasul HPP itself and other bus bars of the 132 kV substations in the electrical vicinity of Rasul HPP. The graphic results are shown in Exhibit 3.1. The tabulated results of short circuit analysis showing all the fault current contributions with short circuit impedances on 132 kV bus bars of the network in the electrical vicinity of Rasul HPP are placed in Appendix-D. Brief summary of fault currents at significant bus bars of our interest are tabulated in Table 6.2. Table 6.2 Maximum Short Circuit Levels With Rasul HPP Substation 3-Phase Fault Current 1-Phase Fault Current OcA) (kA) Rasul-PP 132 kV 3.11 2.71 Helan 132 kV 3.65 3.15 Dinga 132 kV 4.21 3.59 M. B. Din 132 kV 3.07 2.83 Shahtaj 132 kV 3.07 2.75 Phalia 132 kV 3.05 2.74 H. Faqirn 132 kV 3.46 2.99 Bhera. In 132 kV 4.16 3.3 Ludwla-N 132 kV 22.27 23.06 Rasul 132 kV 3.59 3.02 Shahana Lok 132 kV 3.81 3.22 Kharian 132 kV 16.21 13.12 Lalamusa 132 kV 17.18 14.7 Bhimber 132 kV 4.67 3.58 II II IR II POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 17 OF 25 NBongesc 132 kV 22.43 20.03 Rajar 220 kV 10.56 7.37 Comparison of Tables 6.1 and 6.2 show slight difference in short circuit levels for three-phase and single — phase faults due to connection of Rasul HPP. We find that the resulting fault levels are much the rated short circuit values of the equipment installed on these substations. The short circuit level at Rasul HPP 132 kV bus bar is 3.11 kA and 2.71 kA for 3-phase and 1-phase faults respectively. Therefore industry standard switchgear of the short circuit rating of 25 kA would be fine to be installed at the 132 kV substation of Rasul HPP. It would provide a sufficient margin for any future increase in short circuit levels due to future generation additions and network reinforcements in this area. 6.3 Conclusion of Short Circuit Analysis The short circuit analysis results show that for the proposed schemes of interconnection of Rasul HPP, we don't find any problem of violations of short circuit ratings of the already installed equipment on the 132 kV equipment of substations in the vicinity of Rasul HPP due to fault current contributions from this power house under three-phase faults as well as single phase faults. The short circuit level at Rasul HPP 132 kV bus bar is 3.11 kA and 2.71 kA for 3- phase and 1-phase faults respectively. Therefore industry standard switchgear of the short circuit rating of 25 kA would be fine to be installed at the 132 kV substation of Rasul HPP taking care of any future generation additions in its electrical vicinity. P.4' POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 18 OF 25 7. Dynamic Stability Analysis 7.1 Assumptions & Methodology 7.1.1 Dynamic Models The assumptions about the generator and its parameters are the same as mentioned in Ch.2 of this report. We have employed the generic dynamic models available in the PSS/E model library for dynamic modeling of the generator, exciter and the governor as follows; Generator GENSAL Excitation System EXST1 Speed Governing System HYGOV 7.1.2 System Conditions We have used the system conditions of September 2019, which represents the high water season. Most of the hydel generators would be running nearly at their full output. We have carried out the Dynamic Stability analysis for Rasul HPP with the proposed interconnection scheme, which is to connect Rasul HPP by Looping In-Out of the existing 132 kV Mandi Bahauddin — Helan single circuit. The looping distance, verified from the site visit carried out on 9 September 2016, was found out to be 12 km. All the power plants of NTDC from Tarbela to Hub have been dynamically represented in the simulation model. 7.1.3 Presentation of Results The plotted results of the simulations runs are placed in Appendix-E. Each simulation is run for its first one second for the steady state conditions of the system prior to fault or disturbance. This is to establish the pre fault/disturbance conditions of the network under study were smooth and steady. Post fault recovery has been monitored for nine seconds. ..,17 POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 19 OF 25 7.1.4 Worst Fault Cases Three phase faults are considered as the worst disturbances in the system. Normally we apply 3 phase fault on the bus bar of the power plant, followed by tripping of a circuit emanating from that bus, and trip one of the generators of the plant and / or trip one of the inter-bus transformers if there are two voltage levels in the switching station of the plant. The fault clearing time of 132 kV breakers has been assumed 9 cycles as stuck-breaker case (severe fault conditions). 7.2 Dynamic Stability Simulations' Results (Year 2019-20) Rasul HPP has been modeled by Looping In-Out of the existing 132 kV Mandi Bahauddin — Helan single circuit. The looping distance is kept at 12 km, as verified from the site visit carried out on 9 September 2016. All the simulations have been run using H = 1.85 MWs/MVA. 7.2.1 Three-Phase Fault at 132 kV Rasul-PP: Trip of 132 kV circuit between Rasul-PP and Mandi Bahauddin We applied three-phase fault on Rasul HPP 132 kV bus bar, cleared fault in 5 cycles (100 ms) followed by the tripping of 132 kV circuit between Rasul-PP and Mandi Bahauddin 132 kV. We monitored different quantities for one second before the fault (pre-fault) and nine seconds after clearance of fault (post-fault) conditions and plotted the results attached in Appendix — E and discussed as follows: Fig. 1.1 Bus Voltages The bus voltages of 6.3 kV bus bar of Rasul, and 132 kV bus bars of Rasul-PP, Mandi Bahauddin, Helan, Shahtaj and Kharian are plotted. The results show recovery of the voltages after clearing of fault. Fig. 1.2 Frequency We see the system frequency recovers back to normal quickly after fault clearance. POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 20 OF 25 Fig. 1.3 MW/MVAR Output of Generators of Rasul HPP The pre-fault output of generator at Rasul HPP was 18 MW and it gets back to the same output quickly after fast damping of the oscillations in its output. However MVAR output acquires equilibrium at a new value. Fig. 1.4 Speed and mechanical power of Generators at Rasul HPP The speed deviation of the generator, after clearing fault, damps down quickly returning to normal speed as of before fault. The transients in mechanical power also damp quickly and settle to a new equilibrium. Fig. 1.5 MW/MVAR Flow on Rasul-PP to Helan 132 kV circuit Followed by clearing of fault, the trip of the 132 kV circuit from Rasul-PP to Mandi Bahauddin 132 kV circuit caused the entire output of 18 MW to flow through the intact circuit of 132 kV between Rasul-PP and Helan. We plotted the flows of MW and MVAR on one of this intact circuit and see that the power flows on this circuit attains a steady state level with power swings damping down fast. Fig. 1.6 Rotor Angles The rotor angles of the generators of Rasul HPP 6.3 kV, Shahtaj 11 kV, Rasul Powerhouse (old) 11 kV, Mangla 220 kV, Allai 220kV and Khan Khawar 132 kV are plotted relative to machine at Allai 220 kV. The results show that the rotor angle of Rasul HPP gets back after the first swing and damps down quickly. Similarly the rotor angles of other machines swing a little after the fault and damp fast after clearing of fault. The system is strongly stable and very strong in damping the post fault oscillations. 7.2.2 Three-Phase Fault at 132 kV Rasul-PP: Trip of 132 kV circuit between Rasul-PP and Mandi Bahauddin (Stuck Breaker Case) We applied three-phase fault on Rasul HPP 132 kV bus bar, cleared fault in 5 cycles (100 ms) followed by the tripping of 132 kV circuit between Rasul-PP and Mandi Bahauddin 132 kV. We monitored different quantities for one second before the fault (pre-fault) and nine seconds after clearance of fault (post-fault) conditions and plotted the results attached in Appendix — E and discussed as follows: POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 21 OF 25 Fig. 2.1 Bus Voltages The bus voltages of 6.3 kV bus bar of Rasul, and 132 kV bus bars of Rasul-PP, Mandi Bahauddin, Helan, Shahtaj and Kharian are plotted. The results show recovery of the voltages after clearing of fault. Fig. 2.2 Frequency We see the system frequency recovers back to normal quickly after fault clearance. Fig. 2.3 MW/MVAR Output of Generators of Rasul HPP The pre-fault output of generator at Rasul HPP was 18 MW and it gets back to the same output quickly after fast damping of the oscillations in its output. However MVAR output acquires equilibrium at a new value. Fig. 2.4 Speed and mechanical power of Generators at Rasul HPP The speed deviation of the generator, after clearing fault, damps down quickly returning to normal speed as of before fault. The transients in mechanical power also damp quickly and settle to a new equilibrium. Fig. 2.5 MW/MVAR Flow on Rasul-PP to Helan 132 kV circuit Followed by clearing of fault, the trip of the 132 kV circuit from Rasul-PP to Mandi Bahauddin 132 kV circuit caused the entire output of 18 MW to flow through the intact circuit of 132 kV between Rasul-PP and Helan. We plotted the flows of MW and MVAR on one of this intact circuit and see that the power flows on this circuit attains a steady state level with power swings damping down fast. Fig. 2.6 Rotor Angles The rotor angles of the generators of Rasul HPP 6.3 kV, Shahtaj 11 kV, Rasul Powerhouse (old) 11 kV, Mangla 220 kV, Allai 220kV and Khan Khawar 132 kV are plotted relative to machine at Allai 220 kV. The results show that the rotor angle of Rasul HPP gets back after the first swing and damps down quickly. Similarly the rotor angles of other machines swing a little after the fault and damp fast after clearing of fault. The system is strongly stable and very strong in damping the post fault oscillations. '7 POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 22 OF 25 7.3 Conclusion of Dynamic Stability Analysis The results of dynamic stability show that the system is very strong and stable for the proposed schemes for the severest possible faults at 132 kV bus bar of Rasul HPP. Therefore there is no problem of dynamic stability for interconnection of Rasul HPP; it fulfills all the criteria of dynamic stability. • • v., POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 23 OF 25 8. Conclusions ❖ The substations of GEPCO available in the vicinity of Rasul HPP are Mandi Bahauddin, Shahana Lok and Helan 132 kV. ❖ In view of the above mentioned 132 kV network available in the vicinity of the site of the Rasul HPP, the proposed interconnection scheme is to connect Rasul HPP by Looping In-Out of the existing 132 kV Mandi Bahauddin — Helan single circuit. The looping distance, verified from the site visit carried out on 9 September 2016, was found out to be 12 km. ❖ Detailed load flow studies have been carried out for the peak load conditions of September 2019 for all the proposed schemes under normal and N-1 contingency conditions to meet the reliability criteria. ❖ Steady state analysis by load flow reveals that proposed schemes are adequate for the evacuation of the maximum power of 18 MW of the plant, under normal and contingency conditions shown in Appendix - C. ❖ The short circuit analysis has been carried out to calculate maximum fault levels at Rasul-PP 132 kV and other 132 kV substations in its vicinity. We find that the fault currents for the proposed scheme are much less than the rated short circuit capacities of switchgear installed at these substations. It was found that there are no violations of exceeding the rating of the equipment due to contribution of fault current from Rasul HPP. ❖ The short circuit level at Rasul-PP 132 kV bus bar is 3.11 kA and 2.71 kA for 3- phase and 1-phase faults respectively. Therefore industry standard switchgear of the short circuit rating of 25 kA may be installed at the 132 kV substation of Rasul HPP to accommodate future expansions of generation and transmission in this area. ❖ The dynamic stability analysis of proposed schemes of interconnection has been carried out. The stability check for the worst case of three phase fault on the 132 kV bus bar of Rasul HPP substation, followed by the final trip of Rasul-PP to Mandi Bahauddin 132 kV S/C has been performed for fault clearing of 5 cycles (100 ms — normal case) and 9 cycles (180 ms — stuck breaker case). The system POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 24 OF 25 was found to be strong enough to maintain its stability, and recovered with fast damping. ❖ The proposed schemes of interconnection have no technical constraints or problems under steady state load flow, short circuit currents and dynamic/transient conditions; and are therefore recommended to be adopted. POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 25 OF 25