A Shift in Song Tribute Policy and the Emergence of the Terms "Koryŏ Merchants" and "Japanese Merchants"
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Ming-Qing Women's Song Lyrics to the Tune Man Jiang Hong
engendering heroism: ming-qing women’s song 1 ENGENDERING HEROISM: MING-QING WOMEN’S SONG LYRICS TO THE TUNE MAN JIANG HONG* by LI XIAORONG (McGill University) Abstract The heroic lyric had long been a masculine symbolic space linked with the male so- cial world of career and achievement. However, the participation of a critical mass of Ming-Qing women lyricists, whose gendered consciousness played a role in their tex- tual production, complicated the issue. This paper examines how women crossed gen- der boundaries to appropriate masculine poetics, particularly within the dimension of the heroic lyric to the tune Man jiang hong, to voice their reflections on larger historical circumstances as well as women’s gender roles in their society. The song lyric (ci 詞), along with shi 詩 poetry, was one of the dominant genres in which late imperial Chinese women writers were active.1 The two conceptual categories in the aesthetics and poetics of the song lyric—“masculine” (haofang 豪放) and “feminine” (wanyue 婉約)—may have primarily referred to the textual performance of male authors in the tradition. However, the participation of a critical mass of Ming- Qing women lyricists, whose gendered consciousness played a role in * This paper was originally presented in the Annual Meeting of the Association for Asian Studies, New York, March 27-30, 2003. I am deeply grateful to my supervisor Grace S. Fong for her guidance and encouragement in the course of writing this pa- per. I would like to also express my sincere thanks to Professors Robin Yates, Robert Hegel, Daniel Bryant, Beata Grant, and Harriet Zurndorfer and to two anonymous readers for their valuable comments and suggestions that led me to think further on some critical issues in this paper. -
I. Guides to the State of the Field Song Research Tools
I. Guides to the State of the Field Page 1 of 125 Song Research Tools home | about | faq I. Guides to the State of the Field The late Etienne Balazs began formulating plans for an international, collaborative study of the Sung period as early as 1949 and formally initiated the "Sung Project" in 1954. The Project was responsible for some of the most valuable reference tools in this guide. Its history is related in: Ref (W) DS751.S86 1978x Yves Hervouet, "Introduction," (W) DS751.S86 1978x A Sung Bibliography Loc: Z3102 .S77 Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1978, pp. vii-xiv. I.A. SOCIETIES, NEWSLETTERS, AND JOURNALS Societies Japan: Sōdaishi kenkyūkai 宋代史研究会 (Society for Song Studies): http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/songdai/songdaishi-yanjiuhui.htm This site contains announcements for and reports on the annual meetings of the society, links to related sites, a bibliography of Japanese scholarship on Song studies (1982-2002) and a directory of Japanese scholars working in the field. Sōdaishi danwakai 宋代史談話會 (Society for the Study of Song History in Japan) http://www2u.biglobe.ne.jp/~songsong/songdai/danwakai.html Established in 1997 as a forum and reading group for young scholars of Song history active in Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe region. Includes meeting information, list of readings, and an announcement board. Sōdai shibun kenkyūkai 宋代詩文研究會 (Society for the Study of Song Literature) http://www9.big.or.jp/~co-ume/song/ http://www9.big.or.jp/~co-ume/song/danwakai.htm Includes announcements and a mailing list. Registration is required to get access to the full site. -
Secrets to Su Shi's Happiness Under Any Circumstances
International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature E-ISSN: 2200-3452 & P-ISSN: 2200-3592 www.ijalel.aiac.org.au Secrets to Su Shi’s Happiness under Any Circumstances: Transcending and a Positive Perspective Chengcheng Liu1, Zhongwen Liu2* 1School of Liberal Arts, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100872, China 2Liaoning Police College, 260 Yingping Road, Dalian, 116036, China Corresponding Author: Zhongwen Liu, E-mail: [email protected] ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history What have endeared Su Shi to countless followers in nearly a thousand years all over the world Received: December 06, 2018 lie not only in his outstanding achievements in literary and arts, but also in his optimism in Accepted: February 21, 2019 adversity. This paper probes into the insight secrets of why he could be happy most of the time to Published: March 31, 2019 enlighten people nowadays to lead a happy, easy and peaceful life. Firstly, transcending constantly Volume: 8 Issue: 2 through keeping adjusting his expectations in accordance with the everchanging circumstances: Advance access: February 2019 transcending conventions to realize his people-oriented ambition when he was a young official; transcending material limitations when he was exiled for the first time to Huangzhou; transcending fame and power when he was back to court with great power; transcending himself Conflicts of interest: None when he was exiled for the second time to Huizhou and finally transcending everything when Funding: None he was banished to the most remote Danzhou on Hainan Island; and secondly, seeing every circumstance in a positive light: overlooking the negative and magnifying the positive; indulging himself in the beauty of the nature; enjoying the present moment and being optimistic about the future without thinking. -
Official Colours of Chinese Regimes: a Panchronic Philological Study with Historical Accounts of China
TRAMES, 2012, 16(66/61), 3, 237–285 OFFICIAL COLOURS OF CHINESE REGIMES: A PANCHRONIC PHILOLOGICAL STUDY WITH HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS OF CHINA Jingyi Gao Institute of the Estonian Language, University of Tartu, and Tallinn University Abstract. The paper reports a panchronic philological study on the official colours of Chinese regimes. The historical accounts of the Chinese regimes are introduced. The official colours are summarised with philological references of archaic texts. Remarkably, it has been suggested that the official colours of the most ancient regimes should be the three primitive colours: (1) white-yellow, (2) black-grue yellow, and (3) red-yellow, instead of the simple colours. There were inconsistent historical records on the official colours of the most ancient regimes because the composite colour categories had been split. It has solved the historical problem with the linguistic theory of composite colour categories. Besides, it is concluded how the official colours were determined: At first, the official colour might be naturally determined according to the substance of the ruling population. There might be three groups of people in the Far East. (1) The developed hunter gatherers with livestock preferred the white-yellow colour of milk. (2) The farmers preferred the red-yellow colour of sun and fire. (3) The herders preferred the black-grue-yellow colour of water bodies. Later, after the Han-Chinese consolidation, the official colour could be politically determined according to the main property of the five elements in Sino-metaphysics. The red colour has been predominate in China for many reasons. Keywords: colour symbolism, official colours, national colours, five elements, philology, Chinese history, Chinese language, etymology, basic colour terms DOI: 10.3176/tr.2012.3.03 1. -
A Required Taste
Tea Classics A Required Taste Tea Culture Among 16th Century Literary Circles as Seen Through the Paintings of Wen Zhengming 一 個 茶人: Michelle Huang 必 修 Some of the authors we are translating in this issue are very 品 well known to Chinese scholars and laymen alike. And even 味 if these specific authors weren’t known to a Chinese reader, 文 they at least would have studied enough Chinese history to contextualize these works in the Ming Dynasty: its culture, 徵 art and politics. Also, we only got to read parts of Wen’s 明 “Superfluous Things,” those having to do with tea, so this -ar 的 ticle on his life and times by our local Chinese art historian, Michelle, who has contributed to many past issues of Global 畫 Tea Hut, can help us all to construct a bit of Ming China in our imaginations and thereby enrich our reading of the texts. en Zhengming 文徵明 tivity for literary figures since the dawn most other gentlemen to work on his W (1470–1559) was a of civilization, the booming economy art and tea-related research. He wrote a famous artist in the late and the increasing availability of pub- systematic commentary on an existing Ming Dynasty in Suzhou, which was lic transportation since the 15th centu- work, the Record of Tea by Cai Xiang a hot spot for literary figures. He came ry in China made it easier for people (1012–1067),3 which was titled Com- from a family of generations of officials to travel longer distances. -
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Return to an Inner Utopia 119 Chapter 4 Return to an Inner Utopia In what was to become a celebrated act in Chinese literary history, Su Shi be- gan systematically composing “matching Tao” (he Tao 和陶) poems in the spring of 1095, during his period of exile in Huizhou. This project of 109 poems was completed when he was further exiled to Danzhou. It was issued in four fascicles, shortly after his return to the mainland in 1100.1 Inspired by and fol- lowing the rhyming patterns of the poetry of Tao Qian, these poems contrib- uted to the making (and remaking) of the images of both poets, as well as a return to simplicity in Chinese lyrical aesthetics.2 Thus far, scholarship has focused on the significance of Su Shi’s agency in Tao Qian’s canonisation. His image was transformed through Su’s criticism and emulation: Tao came to be viewed as a spontaneous Man of the Way and not just an eccentric medieval recluse and hearty drinker.3 In other words, Tao Qian’s ‘spontaneity’ was only created retrospectively in lament over its loss. The unattainability of the ideal is part and parcel of its worth. In this chapter, I will further examine what Su Shi’s practice meant for Su Shi himself. I argue that Su Shi’s active transformation of and identification with Tao Qian’s image were driven by the purpose of overcoming the tyranny of despair, deprivation and mortality. The apparent serenity of the “matching Tao” poems was therefore fundamentally paradoxical, a result of self-persua- sion. -
Hardships from the Arabian Gulf to China: the Challenges That Faced Foreign Merchants Between the Seventh
57 Dirasat Hardships from the Arabian Gulf to China: The Challenges that Faced Foreign Merchants Between the Seventh Dhul Qa'dah, 1441 - July 2020 and Thirteenth Centuries WAN Lei Hardships from the Arabian Gulf to China: The Challenges that Faced Foreign Merchants Between the Seventh and Thirteenth Centuries WAN Lei © King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies, 2020 King Fahd National Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lei, WAN Hardships from the Arabian Gulf to China: The Challenges that Faced Foreign Merchants Between the Seventh and Thirteenth Centuries. / Lei. WAN. - Riyadh, 2020 52 p ; 23 x 16.5 cm ISBN: 978-603-8268-57-5 1- China - Foreign relations I-Title 327.51056 dc 1441/12059 L.D. no. 1441/12059 ISBN: 978-603-8268-57-5 Table of Contents Introduction 6 I. Dangers at Sea 10 II. Troubles from Warlords and Pirates 19 III. Imperial Monopolies, Duty-Levies and Prohibitions 27 IV. Corruption of Officialdom 33 V. Legal Discrimination 39 Conclusion 43 5 6 Dirasat No. 57 Dhul Qa'dah, 1441 - July 2020 Introduction During the Tang (618–907) and Northern Song (960–1127) dynasties, China had solid national strength and a society that was very open to the outside world. By the time of the Southern Song (1127–1279) dynasty, the national economic weight of the country moved to South China; at the same time, the Abbasid Caliphate in the Mideast had grown into a great power, too, whose eastern frontier reached the western regions of China, that is, today’s Xinjiang and its adjacent areas in Central Asia. -
A Geographic History of Song-Dynasty Chan Buddhism: the Decline of the Yunmen Lineage
decline of the yunmen lineage Asia Major (2019) 3d ser. Vol. 32.1: 113-60 jason protass A Geographic History of Song-Dynasty Chan Buddhism: The Decline of the Yunmen Lineage abstract: For a century during China’s Northern Song era, the Yunmen Chan lineage, one of several such regional networks, rose to dominance in the east and north and then abruptly disappeared. Whereas others suggested the decline was caused by a doctri- nal problem, this essay argues that the geopolitics of the Song–Jin wars were the pri- mary cause. The argument builds upon a dataset of Chan abbots gleaned from Flame Records. A chronological series of maps shows that Chan lineages were regionally based. Moreover, Song-era writers knew of regional differences among Chan lin- eages and suggested that regionalism was part of Chan identity: this corroborates my assertion. The essay turns to local gazetteers and early-Southern Song texts that re- cord the impacts of the Song–Jin wars on monasteries in regions associated with the Yunmen lineage. Finally, I consider reasons why the few Yunmen monks who sur- vived into the Southern Song did not reconstitute their lineage, and discuss a small group of Yunmen monks who endured in north China under Jin and Yuan control. keywords: Chan, Buddhism, geographic history, mapping, spatial data n 1101, the recently installed emperor Huizong 徽宗 (r. 1100–1126) I authored a preface for a new collection of Chan 禪 religious biogra- phies, Record of the Continuation of the Flame of the Jianzhong Jingguo Era (Jianzhong Jingguo xudeng lu 建中靖國續燈錄, hereafter Continuation of the Flame).1 The emperor praised the old “five [Chan] lineages, each ex- celling in a family style 五宗各擅家風,” a semimythical system promul- gated by the Chan tradition itself to assert a shared identity among the ramifying branches of master-disciple relationships. -
UC Santa Barbara UC Santa Barbara Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC Santa Barbara UC Santa Barbara Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Fashioning the Reclusive Persona: Zeng Jing's Informal Portraits of the Jiangnan Literati Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2mx8m4wt Author Choi, Seokwon Publication Date 2016 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Fashioning the Reclusive Persona: Zeng Jing’s Informal Portraits of the Jiangnan Literati A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Art History by Seokwon Choi Committee in charge: Professor Peter C. Sturman, Chair Professor Miriam Wattles Professor Hui-shu Lee December 2016 The dissertation of Seokwon Choi is approved. _____________________________________________ Miriam Wattles _____________________________________________ Hui-shu Lee _____________________________________________ Peter C. Sturman, Committee Chair September 2016 Fashioning the Reclusive Persona: Zeng Jing’s Informal Portraits of the Jiangnan Literati Copyright © 2016 by Seokwon Choi iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincerest gratitude goes to my advisor, Professor Peter C. Sturman, whose guidance, patience, and confidence in me have made my doctoral journey not only possible but also enjoyable. It is thanks to him that I was able to transcend the difficulties of academic work and find pleasure in reading, writing, painting, and calligraphy. As a role model, Professor Sturman taught me how to be an artful recluse like the Jiangnan literati. I am also greatly appreciative for the encouragement and counsel of Professor Hui-shu Lee. Without her valuable suggestions from its earliest stage, this project would never have taken shape. I would like to express appreciation to Professor Miriam Wattles for insightful comments and thought-provoking discussions that helped me to consider the issues of portraiture in a broader East Asian context. -
Painting Aesthetics and Educational Enlightenment of Ren Renfa in Yuan Dynasty Xiaoli Wu Art College of Xi’An University, 710065
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 132 7th International Conference on Social Science and Education Research (SSER 2017) Painting Aesthetics and Educational Enlightenment of Ren Renfa in Yuan Dynasty Xiaoli Wu Art college of xi’an university, 710065 Keyword: Character Creation; Realistic Analysis; Independent Creation Abstract. Ren Renfa lives in Yuan Dynasty which two dynasties changed, but he wins the later admiration through the water conservancy projects and paintings that surpassed the era. In the balance between reality and ideal, he finds the painting as a media to hit reality and does not avoid social contradictions. His painting style is profound and elegant. Ren Renfa is a water official and his painting perspective and methods are different from other painters, so he is not known to everyone. In the teaching and creating class, we draw on the creative form and the painting style of Ren Renfa in Yuan Dynasty to find a new way of learning for the students' graduation creative course. The Balance between Reality and Ideal - the Seventies of 13th Century that is the Chaos of Times and the Anxiety of Life He was born in a period which has collision of the two nationalities full with big changes and intersection. Mongolia that rapid developed on grassland conquered the Asia-Europe continent. And then Kublai prepared for the strategic layout of the Southern Song Dynasty that period is very turbulent, which was the period Ren Renfa born in. According to historical evidence, he had painted "Xi Chun Tian Ma" and "Wo Wa Tian Ma" for the Song Renzong and he was 20 years old. -
The Earliest Muslim Communities in China
8 The Earliest Muslim Communities in China February - March 2017 Jumada I - Rajab, 1438 WAN Lei Research Fellow King Faisal Center For Research and Islamic Studies The Earliest Muslim Communities in China WAN Lei Research Fellow King Faisal Center For Research and Islamic Studies No. 8 Jumada I - Rajab, 1438 - February - March 2017 © King Faisal Center for research and Islamic Studies, 2016 King Fahd National Library Cataloging-In-Publication Data Lei, Wan The earliest Muslim communities in China, / Wan Lei, - Riyadh, 2017 42 p; 16.5x23cm ISBN: 978-603-8206-39-3 1- Muslims - China 2- Muslims - China - History I- Title 210.9151 dc 1439/1181 L.D. no. 1439/1181 ISBN: 978-603-8206-39-3 4 Table of Contents Abstract 6 I. Background on Muslim Immigration to China 7 II. Designating Alien people in China: from “Hu” to “Fan” 11 III. Chinese Titles for Muslim Chiefs 17 IV. Duties of Muslim Community Chiefs 21 V. Challenges to “Extraterritoriality” and Beyond 27 Summaries 32 Bibliography 34 5 No. 8 Jumada I - Rajab, 1438 - February - March 2017 Abstract This article explores the earliest Muslim immigration into China during the Tang and Song dynasties. The background of such immigration, along with various Chinese titles to designate Muslims, their communities, and their leaders demonstrate the earliest forms of recognition of the Muslims by the Chinese people. The article focuses on the studies of the Muslim leaders’ duties and their confrontations with the Chinese legal system; to adapt to a new society, a community must undergo acculturation. Finally, the system of Muslim leaders was improved by the succeeding Mongol Yuan dynasty, by which time it became an established tradition that has been passed on by the Hui people until today. -
Zeng Jing's Informal Portraits of the Jiangnan Litera
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Fashioning the Reclusive Persona: Zeng Jing’s Informal Portraits of the Jiangnan Literati A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Art History by Seokwon Choi Committee in charge: Professor Peter C. Sturman, Chair Professor Miriam Wattles Professor Hui-shu Lee December 2016 The dissertation of Seokwon Choi is approved. _____________________________________________ Miriam Wattles _____________________________________________ Hui-shu Lee _____________________________________________ Peter C. Sturman, Committee Chair September 2016 Fashioning the Reclusive Persona: Zeng Jing’s Informal Portraits of the Jiangnan Literati Copyright © 2016 by Seokwon Choi iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincerest gratitude goes to my advisor, Professor Peter C. Sturman, whose guidance, patience, and confidence in me have made my doctoral journey not only possible but also enjoyable. It is thanks to him that I was able to transcend the difficulties of academic work and find pleasure in reading, writing, painting, and calligraphy. As a role model, Professor Sturman taught me how to be an artful recluse like the Jiangnan literati. I am also greatly appreciative for the encouragement and counsel of Professor Hui-shu Lee. Without her valuable suggestions from its earliest stage, this project would never have taken shape. I would like to express appreciation to Professor Miriam Wattles for insightful comments and thought-provoking discussions that helped me to consider the issues of portraiture in a broader East Asian context. I owe a special debt of gratitude to Susan Tai, Elizabeth Atkins Curator of Asian Art at the Santa Barbara Museum of Art. She was my Santa Barbara mother, and she helped made my eight-year sojourn in the American Riviera one that I will cherish forever.