MONTSERRAT BARRIGA Director General ERA the MAGAZINE

13 | JANUARY - MARCH 2021

MONTSERRAT BARRIGA Director General ERA THE MAGAZINE

13 | JANUARY-MARCH 2021 INDEX 4 24 28 Editorial Hermes News Interview Dr Kostas Iatrou • February 25th: Hermes • Montserrat Barriga Director General, member Juan Carlos Salazar Director General, ERA Hermes - Air Transport Organisation was elected Secretary General of ICAO...... 24

• March 18th: Hermes Director 5 General participates at the 31 Top News high level Ministerial Meeting Events on Enhancing Air Transport • 18.02.2021 Executive Webinar. January - March 2021 Connectivity and Growth in Latest Industry News and Updates Taking off Again: The Air West Africa...... 25 Transport Sector in the Post COVID-19 Era...... 31

18.02.2021 ΔΙΑΔΙΚΤΥΑΚΗ ETHΣΙΑ ΤΑΚΤΙΚΗ ΓΕΝΙΚΗ ΣΥΝΕΛΕΥΣΗ & ΚΟΠΗ ΠΙΤΑΣ / ONLINE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING ΔΙΑΔΙΚΤΥΑΚΗ ΣΥΝΕΔΡΙΑ / EXECUTIVE WEBINAR Taking off Again: The Air Transport Sector • July 9th: Hermes AGM in the Post COVID-19 Era & Leaders Forum 2021 - UNDER THE AUSPICES Copyright © 2021: 1st Announcement. Resilience MEDIA PARTNER HERMES | Air Transport Organisation and Efficiency Through Material (either in whole or in part) from this publication Πρόγραμμα / Program may not be published, photocopied, rewritten, Leadership transferred through any electronical or other means, without prior permission by the publisher. and Cooperation...... 26 Restarting Air Travel / Restarting the Economy

2 | HERMES • THE MAGAZINE #13 › JANUARY - MARCH 2021 THE MAGAZINE

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INDEX • 17-18.03.2021 High level Ministerial Meeting 52 on Enhancing Air Transport Statistics Connectivity and Growth in West Africa...... 36

DEC 2021-FEB 2021: Air Passenger Market Analysiς...... 52

• 19.04.2021 Meeting The Latin America Air Transport Sector in the Post COVID-19 Era: Resilience and Efficiency OCT-NOV 2020 Through Leadership Economic Development...... 55 and Cooperation...... 45

Join Zoom Meeting https://aegean-gr.zoom.us/j/97050675228

3 | HERMES • THE MAGAZINE #13 › JANUARY - MARCH 2021 EDITORIAL

Dr Kostas Iatrou Director General Hermes - Air Transport Organisation

Dear Hermes member,

Since the beginning of 2021 Hermes, despite the current constraints, has actively participated and/or organised key events. On the 18th of February, the Hellenic Aviation Society's Executive Webinar was set under the Hermes' auspices. Many Board members participated in the Executive Panel of this webinar. In March I had the pleasure to speak in a High Level Ministerial Meeting on Enhancing Air Transport Connectivity and Growth in West Africa held on the 17th & 18th and organised by Nigerian Federal Ministry of Aviation and iPADIS, one of Hermes partners.

Finally, on the 19th of April Hermes co-organised with Aeronautica Civil de Colombia a webinar entitled: "The Latin Amer- ica Air Transport sector in the post COVID-19 era: Resilience and efficiency through Leadership and Cooperation”. This was the first event that Hermes organised focusing on Latin America.

In February the 36-State governing body of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the ICAO Council, appointed Mr. Juan Carlos Salazar of Colombia, an Hermes member, as the new Secretary General of the Organization for a three-year term, beginning 1 August 2021. I would like to congratulate Juan Carlos on his new appointment. We also have the pleasure to welcome the interview of Montserrat Barriga, Director General of ERA. Enjoy reading,

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04/01/2021 AN AGREEMENT HAS BEEN REACHED TO OPEN AIRSPACE AND LAND AND SEA BORDERS BETWEEN SAUDI ARABIA AND QATAR AS OF THIS EVENING "An agreement has been reached to open airspace and land and sea borders between Saudi Arabia and Qatar as of this evening," Kuwaiti Foreign Minister Ahmad Nasser al-Sabah said on Kuwait TV ahead of a GCC summit in Saudi Arabia on Tuesday.

06/01/2021 07/01/2021 FAA ANNOUNCES FINAL RULE TO FACILITATE BOEING CHARGED WITH 737 THE REINTRODUCTION OF CIVIL SUPERSONIC MAX FRAUD CONSPIRACY AND FLIGHT AGREES TO PAY OVER $2.5 Today the U.S. Department of Transportation and the Fed- BILLION eral Aviation Administration (FAA) issued a final rule to The Boeing Company has entered into facilitate the safe development of civil supersonic aircraft. an agreement with the Department of The rule streamlines and clarifies procedures to obtain FAA Justice to resolve a criminal charge approval for supersonic flight testing in the United States. related to a conspiracy to defraud the This rule will help ensure that companies developing these Federal Aviation Administration’s Air- aircraft clearly understand the process for gaining FAA ap- craft Evaluation Group (FAA AEG) in proval to conduct flight testing, which is a key step in ulti- connection with the FAA AEG’s eval- mately bringing their products to market. uation of Boeing’s 737 MAX airplane.

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08/01/2021 AIRBUS 2020 DELIVERIES DEMONSTRATE RESILIENCE Airbus SE delivered 566 commercial aircraft to 87 customers in 2020, in line with the production adaptation plan set out in April 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2020, deliveries comprised:

2020 (including) 2019 (including) A220 Family 38 48 A320 Family 446 (431 NEO) 642 (551 NEO) A330 Family 19 (13 NEO) 53 (41 NEO) A350 Family 59 (14 A350-1000) 112 (25 A350-1000) A380 4 8

13/01/2021 FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION ADOPTS STRICTER UNRULY PASSENGER POLICY FAA Administrator Steve Dickson today signed an order directing a stricter legal enforcement policy against unruly airline passengers in the wake of recent, troubling incidents. The FAA has seen a disturbing increase in incidents where airline passengers have disrupted flights with threatening or violent behavior. These incidents have stemmed both from passengers’ refusals to wear masks and from recent violence at the U.S. Capitol. Source: US FAA

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15/01/2021 2020 PASSENGER TOTALS DROP 60 PER CENT AS COVID-19 ASSAULT ON INTERNATIONAL MOBILITY CONTINUES With its latest economic impact analysis of COVID-19 now completed, ICAO has confirmed that international passenger traffic suffered a dramatic 60 per cent drop over 2020, bringing air travel totals back to 2003 levels. ICAO reports that as seat capacity fell by 50 per cent last year, passenger totals dropped by 60 per cent with just 1.8 billion passengers taking to the air during the first year of the pandemic, compared to 4.5 billion in 2019. Its numbers also point to airline financial losses of 370 billion dollars resulting from the COVID-19 impacts, with airports and air navigation services providers (ANSPs) losing a further 115 billion and 13 billion, respectively.

Source: ICAO

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27/01/2021 EASA declares Boeing 737 MAX safe to return to service in Europe The European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) gave its seal of approval for the return to service of a modified version of the Boeing 737 MAX, mandat- ing a package of software upgrades, electrical wiring rework, maintenance checks, operations manual updates and crew training which will allow the plane to fly safely in European skies after almost two years on the ground.

28/01/2021 UNWTO - 2020: WORST YEAR IN TOURISM HISTORY WITH 1 BILLION FEWER INTERNATIONAL ARRIVALS Global tourism suffered its worst year on record in 2020, with international arrivals dropping by 74% according to the latest data from the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). Destinations worldwide welcomed 1 billion fewer international arrivals in 2020 than in the previous year, due to an unprecedented fall in demand and widespread travel restrictions. This compares with the 4% decline recorded during the 2009 global economic crisis.

01/02/2021 AVIATION: A NEW STEP TOWARDS MODERNISING AND GREENING THE EUROPEAN SKIES Today, the European Commission adopted a regulation that establishes the Common Project One (CP1) in support of the single European sky – a new framework that contributes to making flying in the European skies more sustainable by ensuring a more efficient management of airways. Following an intense pilot phase of implementing new technological and operational air traffic management (ATM) solutions developed under the SESAR project dealing with Single European Sky ATM Research, CP1 focuses on the most efficient solutions and sets a realistic implementation timeline to be respected by the concerned parties: airlines, airports and air navigation service providers. These solutions are grouped into six functionalities that introduce a higher degree of digitalisation and interoperability for civil and military airspace users, airports and air navigation service providers. More efficient flight trajectories supported by these innovative technologies will also allow modern aircraft to exploit fully their greener and quieter technologies. The new solutions will ensure more direct and therefore more fuel efficient flight paths.

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03/02/2021 PETE BUTTIGIEG WAS SWORN AS THE U.S. SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION Pete Buttigieg currently serves as the 19th Secretary of Transportation, having been sworn in on February 3, 2021. Prior to joining the Biden-Harris Administra- tion, Secretary Buttigieg served two terms as mayor of his hometown of South Bend, Indi- ana. A graduate of Harvard University and a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford, Buttigieg served for seven years as an officer in the U.S. Navy Reserve, taking a leave of absence from the mayor’s office for a deployment to Afghani- stan in 2014. In 2019, he launched his historic campaign for president. Throughout 2020, he cam- paigned for the election of the Biden-Harris ticket and served on the advisory board for the presidential transition. In December, he was nominated by President-elect Biden to be Secretary of Transportation. He was confirmed by the Senate on February 2, 2021, becoming the first openly gay person confirmed to serve in a president’s Cabinet. Source: US DOT

03/02/2021 IATA: 2020 WORST YEAR FOR AIR CARGO DEMAND SINCE PERFORMANCE MONITORING BEGAN IN 1990 The International Air Transport Association (IATA) released data for global air freight markets showing that demand for air cargo decreased by 10.6% in 2020, compared to 2019. This was the largest drop in year-on-year demand since IATA started to monitor cargo performance in 1990, outpacing the 6% fall in global trade in goods. •Global demand in 2020, measured in cargo tonne-kilometers (CTKs*), was 10.6% below 2019 levels (-11.8% for international operations). •Global capacity, measured in available cargo tonne-kilometers (ACTKs), shrank by 23.3% in 2020 (‑24.1% for international operations) compared to 2019. This was more than double the contraction in demand. •Due to the lack of available capacity, cargo load factors rose 7.7% in 2020. This contributed to increased yields and revenues, providing support to airlines and some long-haul passenger services in the face of collapsed passenger revenues. •Improvements towards yearend were demonstrated in December when global demand was 0.5% below previous-year levels (-2.3% for international operations). Global capacity was 17.7% below previous-year levels (‑20.6% for international operations). That is much deeper than the contraction in demand, indicating the continuing and severe capacity crunch. With the stalling of the recovery in passenger markets, there is no end in sight for the capacity crunch.

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03/02/2021 IATA: 2020 WORST YEAR IN HISTORY FOR AIR TRAVEL DEMAND The International Air Transport Association (IATA) announced full-year global passenger traffic results for 2020 showing that demand (revenue passenger kilometers or RPKs) fell by 65.9% compared to the full year of 2019, by far the sharpest traffic decline in aviation history. Furthermore, forward bookings have been falling sharply since late December. •International passenger demand in 2020 was 75.6% below 2019 levels. Capacity, (measured in available seat kilometers or ASKs) declined 68.1% and load factor fell 19.2 percentage points to 62.8%. •Domestic demand in 2020 was down 48.8% compared to 2019. Capacity contracted by 35.7% and load factor dropped 17 percentage points to 66.6%. •December 2020 total traffic was 69.7% below the same month in 2019, little improved from the 70.4% contraction in November. Capacity was down 56.7% and load factor fell 24.6 percentage points to 57.5%. •Bookings for future travel made in January 2021 were down 70% compared to a year-ago, putting further pressure on airline cash positions and potentially impacting the timing of the expected recovery. •IATA’s baseline forecast for 2021 is for a 50.4% improvement on 2020 demand that would bring the industry to 50.6% of 2019 levels. While this view remains unchanged, there is a severe downside risk if more severe travel restrictions in response to new variants persist. Should such a scenario materialize, demand improvement could be limited to just 13% over 2020 levels, leaving the industry at 38% of 2019 levels.

05/02/2021 08/02/2021 ACI WORLD WELCOMES AIRPORT ACI WORLD LAUNCHES VOICE OF INDUSTRY CLIMATE ACTION AMID THE CUSTOMER RECOGNITION COVID-19 In 2020, ACI introduced a new form of recognition Airports Council International (ACI) World has – separate from the ASQ Awards – called “The Voice today welcomed the new Airport Carbon Ac- of the Customer”. creditation Interim Report 2019-2020 which This is given to airports which demonstrated signifi- reveals the latest results of and developments cant efforts in gathering passenger feedback through in the global carbon standard for airports. the Airport Service Quality (ASQ) Departures sur- The Report reveals robust participation growth vey, to help them better understand their customers across all regions, illustrating the extent of air- during the pandemic. port industry’s readiness to decarbonise even To qualify, an airport member must have collected 3 in the toughest of conditions. or more quarters of data. Since the start of the COVID-19 outbreak, This year, 140 airports have been recognized around 34 airports have become accredited for the the world. first time and another 31 have progressed to a higher level of the programme. This trend is set to continue in 2021, driven by the enduring

leadership of airports in CO2 management and reduction. As the financial situation of airports across the world deteriorates rapidly, however, the necessary investments to cut carbon are weighed against survival. This will be a factor of concern for further decarbonisation in the sector and should be considered as one of the grounds for urgent government aid.

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08/02/2021 WORLD FIRST IN THE NETHERLANDS BY KLM, SHELL AND DUTCH MINISTRY FOR INFRASTRUCTURE AND WATER MANAGEMENT: FIRST PASSENGER FLIGHT PERFORMED WITH SUSTAINABLE SYNTHETIC KEROSENE For the first time worldwide, a passenger flight partly flown on sustainably produced synthetic kerosene, was carried out in The Netherlands. This was announced today during the international conference on Synthetic Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) in The Hague. Shell, producer of the sustainable kerosene and KLM, operating the flight, presented this showcase during the meeting initiated by Cora van Nieuwenhuizen, Dutch Minister for Infrastructure and Water Management. European politicians, policymakers, representatives from the business community, the (aviation) industry and NGOs participated at the conference.

Source: KLM

09/02/2021 EUROCAE & EUROCONTROL STRENGTHEN COOPERATION IN AVIATION STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT Today, the Director General of EUROCONTROL, Eamonn Brennan, and the Secretary General of EU- ROCAE, Christian Schleifer, concluded a new Mem- orandum of Cooperation (MoC) between the two organisations at a virtual meeting in the presence of the EUROCAE President and Council Chair, Bruno Ayral, Thales LAS France. The new MoC builds on and strengthens decades of cooperation between EU- ROCAE and EUROCONTROL – Europe’s leading de- velopers of aviation standards. It provides for greater mutual recognition of the role played by each organisation in the field of standards and contributes to greater complementarity between the two.

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10/02/2021 ETIHAD AIRWAYS IS THE FIRST AIRLINE IN THE WORLD WITH 100% OF CREW ON BOARD VACCINATED Etihad Airways, the national airline of the United Arab Emirates, has become the first airline in the world with all its operating pilots and cabin crew vaccinated to help curb the spread of COVID-19 and give passengers who travel with the airline peace of mind. This achievement was made possible through Etihad’s ‘Protected Together’ employee vaccination initiative which was formally launched in January this year. Building on the UAE’s Choose to Vaccinate campaign, Protected Together is about helping staff take proactive, personal steps towards protecting themselves against COVID-19.

Source: Etihad

10/02/2021 UNITED TO WORK WITH ARCHER AVIATION TO ACCELERATE PRODUCTION OF ADVANCED, SHORT-HAUL ELECTRIC AIRCRAFT United Airlines today announced that it has completed an agreement to work with air mobility company Archer as part of the airline's broader effort to invest in emerging technologies that decarbonize air travel. Rather than relying on traditional combustion engines, Archer's electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft are designed to use electric motors and have the potential for future use as an 'air taxi' in urban markets. Under the terms of the agreement, United will contribute its expertise in airspace management to assist Archer with the development of battery-powered, short-haul aircraft. Once the aircraft are in operation and have met United's operating and business requirements, United, together with Mesa Airlines, would acquire a fleet of up to 200 of these electric aircraft that would be operated by a partner and are expected to give customers a quick, eco- nomical and low-carbon way to get to United's hub airports and commute in dense urban environments within the next five years.

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11/02/2021 EUROPE’S AVIATION SECTOR TODAY UNVEILED ITS FLAGSHIP SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVE, DESTINATION 2050 – A ROUTE TO NET ZERO EUROPEAN AVIATION Europe’s aviation sector today unveiled its flagship sustainability initiative, Destination 2050 – A Route to Net Zero European Aviation. Driven by a new, independent report, it provides a vision and path

for meaningful CO2 emission reduction efforts in Europe and globally. This follows recent climate commitments announced by the sector last November in the Round Table Report on the Recovery of European Aviation which called upon institutional stakeholders to join the sector in an EU Pact for Sustainable Aviation by the end of 2021 – a call reiterated today. Building on the Paris Agreement and the European Green Deal, Destination 2050 sees all flights

within and departing the EU, UK and EFTA realising net zero CO2 emissions by 2050. The ambitious plan and related commitments laid out by Europe’s airlines, airports, aerospace manufacturers and air navigation

service providers shows collective leadership of the European aviation sector to reduce CO2 emissions, with the goal of making leisure and business air travel in Europe, and globally, more sustainable in the long term.

According to the report, there is an opportunity to reach net zero CO2 emissions by 2050 through a com- bination of four key measures, aligning European aviation with EU climate goals – subject to securing the required supporting policy and financing framework at EU and national level. These four measures include: •Improvements in aircraft and engine technologies could achieve emission reductions of 37% •Using sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) could achieve emission reductions of 34% •Implementing economic measures could achieve emission reductions of 8% •Improvements in air traffic management (ATM) and aircraft operations could achieve emission reductions of 6% The Destination 2050 report further assumes an impact on demand due to the above measures, resulting in

the net zero CO2 goal. Nevertheless, European air passenger numbers are projected to grow on average by approximately 1.4% per year between 2018 and 2050 without compromising the sector’s ability to reach net

zero CO2 emissions by this point. Destination 2050 highlights that to make the net zero vision for European aviation by 2050 a reality, while maintaining international competitiveness and aviation’s benefits to society – quick, decisive joint actions by governments and industry will be needed. Industry will need to continue to substantially invest in decarbonisation and innovation and make the necessary operational transitions, while governments will need to ensure a level playing field and facilitate the transition through incentives and by reducing investment risks with consistent and stable policy frameworks. This is the first pan-European, industry-wide, long-term vision that comes with concrete solutions to the

complex challenge of reducing CO2 emissions from commercial flights within and departing the EU, UK and EFTA. The initiative is led by five European aviation associations – Airports Council International Europe (ACI EUROPE), AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe (ASD Europe), Airlines for Eu- rope (A4E), Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation (CANSO) and European Regions Airline Association (ERA). The report was made possible thanks to the work of the Royal Netherlands Aerospace Centre (NLR) and SEO Amsterdam Economics.

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12/02/2021 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ANNOUNCES NEARLY $2 BILLION GRANT PROGRAM FOR COVID RELIEF TO AIRPORTS The program is funded under the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2020. It is available to more than 3,000 commercial service, reliever and publically owned general-aviation airports in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems. Most of the funds will go toward helping keep people safe and in jobs by reimbursing operational expenses, debt service payments and costs related to combating the spread of pathogens at the airport. The program also includes money for rent relief to airport concessions and to support FAA contract towers for items such as cleaning and sanitizing facilities affected by COVID-19 cases.

19/02/2021 IATA’S CHIEF ECONOMIST TO RETIRE The International Air Transport Association (IATA) announced that its Chief Economist, Brian Pearce, will retire from the organization in July 2021. Pearce joined IATA in 2004. Since then he has built IATA’s evidence-based economic analysis capabilities into the most authoritative source of insight on aviation’s global performance. He also serves on the Association’s Strategic Leader- ship team.

Source: IATA

22/02/2021 24/02/2021 ICAO AND WCO ISSUE JOINT IATA: COVID-19 CASH BURN CONTINUES - CALLS ON VACCINE SUPPLY CHAIN URGENT PREPARATIONS FOR RESTART PRIORITIES, NEW CUSTOMS AND SECURITY GUIDELINES The International Air Transport Association (IATA) released new analysis showing that the airline industry ICAO and the World Customs Organization is expected to remain cash negative throughout 2021. (WCO) have published a joint statement call- Previous analysis (November 2020) indicated that air- ing on governments to demonstrate maximum lines would turn cash positive in the fourth quarter of flexibility with respect to border clearance and 2021. At the industry level, airlines are now not expect- air transport supply chain operations essential ed to be cash positive until 2022. Estimates for cash to the effective distribution of COVID-19 vac- burn in 2021 have ballooned to the $75 billion to $95 cines and related medical supplies. billion range from a previously anticipated $48 billion. In a separate but related development, the two The following factors play into this estimate: agencies have also developed new guidelines •Weak Start for 2021: It is already clear that the first to help countries achieve better alignment of half of 2021 will be worse than earlier anticipated. their customs and security procedures. This is because governments have tightened travel Signed by ICAO Secretary General Dr. Fang restrictions in response to new COVID-19 variants. Liu and WCO Secretary General Dr. Kunio Forward bookings for summer (July-August) are Mikuriya, the joint statement on vaccines urg- currently 78% below levels in February 2019 (comes the rapid establishment of the infrastructure parisons to 2020 are distorted owing to COVID-19 needed to support end-to-end vaccine storage and logistics for public supplies. impacts).

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24/02/2021 IATA: COVID-19 CASH BURN CONTINUES — URGENT PREPARATIONS FOR RESTART

•Optimistic Scenario: From this lower starting point for the year, an optimistic scenario would see travel restrictions gradually lifted once the vulnerable populations in developed economies have been vaccinated, but only in time to facilitate tepid demand over the peak summer travel season in the northern hemi- sphere. In this case 2021 demand would be 38% of 2019 levels. Airlines would burn through $75 billion of cash over the year. But cash burn of $7 billion in the fourth quarter would be significantly improved from an anticipated $33 billion cash burn in the first quarter. •Pessimistic Scenario: This scenario would see airlines burn through $95 billion over the year. There would be an improving trend from a $33 billion cash burn in the first quarter reducing to $16 billion in the fourth quarter. The driver of this scenario would be governments retaining significant travel restrictions through the peak northern summer travel season. In this case, 2021 demand would only be 33% of 2019 levels.

25/02/2021 JOINT STATEMENT BY TRANSPORT CANADA AND THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ON THE NEXUS BETWEEN TRANSPORTATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE Recognizing the transport sector constitutes one of ing through the ongoing coordination of electric and the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions for alternative fuel corridors and the alignment of tech- both nations, and in light of the integrated nature of nical codes, standards and regulations, to enable the our transportation sectors, Secretary Buttigieg and seamless transportation of people and goods. We also Minister Alghabra committed to reinvigorate our bi- plan to work collaboratively on new innovative solu- lateral cooperation to fight climate change and limit tions to decrease emissions and to advance the use of the environmental impacts from our transportation cleaner fuels in rail transportation. networks—on land, air and sea. On aviation, we are committed to working togeth- In support of the Roadmap for a Renewed U.S.-Can- er on a shared vision toward reducing the sector’s ada Partnership, announced by President Biden and emissions in a manner consistent with the goal of Prime Minister Trudeau and our bilateral Memoran- net zero emissions for our economies by 2050, and dum of Cooperation on “Transport Matters of Mutual on robust standards that integrate climate protec- Interest,” signed in 2016, we will work together to tion and safety. We intend to advance the develop- accelerate policy actions that help our transport sec- ment and deployment of high integrity sustainable tors grapple effectively with the climate challenge. aviation fuels and other clean technologies that meet A healthy environment and economy support the rigorous international standards, building on exist- goals of both countries to ‘build back better’ from ing partnerships, such as through ASCENT — the the COVID-19 pandemic, and leverage actions at the Aviation Sustainability Center — and pursue poli- state, provincial, territorial and local levels. cies to increase the supply and demand of sustain- On roads, together with other federal departments able aviation fuels. and agencies, we aim toward a zero-emission vehi- We are committed to partnering in key international cle future through ambitious vehicle standards to forums, including the International Civil Aviation Or- improve fuel efficiency and reduce greenhouse gases ganization (ICAO) and the International Maritime from light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles. We intend Organization (IMO). In ICAO, we will engage in pro- to work together to help accelerate the achievement cesses to advance a new long-term aspirational goal of 100% zero-emission vehicle sales for light-duty in line with our vision for decarbonizing the aviation vehicles and increase the supply of and demand for sector, and continue to participate in the Carbon Off- zero-emission medium — and heavy-duty vehicles. setting and Reduction Scheme for International Avia- We plan to explore best practices on how to help tion (CORSIA). At the IMO, to reduce emissions from incentivize the installation of electric charging sta- ships, we plan to work towards achieving the ambitions, and refuelling stations for clean fuels, includ- tion reflected in the Initial IMO Strategy on reduction

(cont.’d ▶)

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25/02/2021 JOINT STATEMENT BY TRANSPORT CANADA AND THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ON THE NEXUS BETWEEN TRANSPORTATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE ►cont’d of GHG emissions to halve emissions from ships by dress and support the transportation infrastructure 2050 compared to 2008 levels. needs of Arctic and Northern communities, such as We will continue to support the development of green safety, climate change, and fostering socio-economic transport infrastructure along the border, including opportunities. in our management of the Great Lakes and St. Law- This new focus on climate will reinforce our already rence Seaway for maritime navigation. We will work vast cooperation portfolio across all modes of trans- to advance cleaner, sustainable and renewable fuels portation to ensure safe, secure, and efficient trans- for shipping. We are dedicated to working with the portation networks of today, while preparing for the IMO to effectively implement the ban on the use and innovations of tomorrow, and recovering our econo- carriage of heavy fuel oil (HFO) as fuel in the Arctic. mies in a way that promotes employment, sustainabil- We also look forward to exploring how we might ad- ity and equity.

01/03/2021 ICAO COUNCIL MAKES PROGRESS ON NEW REMOTELY PILOTED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM (RPAS) STANDARDS During its ongoing 222nd Ses- motely piloted aircraft systems of Aircraft to the Chicago Con- sion, the ICAO Council today (RPAS). vention, and cover certification adopted new and amended The new provisions will become requirements for remotely pi- Standards and Recommended effective on 12 July 2021, and loted aeroplanes and helicopters, Practices (SARPs) driving impor- applicable as of 26 November in addition to the remote pilot tant progress on the international 2026. The most important per- stations (RPS) they are operated safety and interoperability of re- tain to Annex 8 — Airworthiness from.

03/03/2021 RYANAIR JOINS AMBITIOUS ‘FUELLING FLIGHT INITIATIVE’ IN ITS PLEDGE TO SUPPORT SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUELS FOR A CARBON NEUTRAL FUTURE Ryanair today announced it has joined the ambitious “Fuelling Flight Initiative” in its commitment to supporting Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs) as an essential element to achieve net-zero carbon emissions in the aviation industry. This ambitious initiative provides recommendations on the sustainability aspects of the EU’s policy design to support SAFs. Together with environmental groups, fellow airlines and research organisations, the group convenes to reach consensus on the necessary policies for the transition towards carbon neutral flying.

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05/03/2021 ICAO TO PARTNER WITH ACI, IATA AND CANSO ON NEW RUNWAY SAFETY TRAINING INITIATIVE With the coming into effect this November of its new Global Reporting Format for Runway Surface Conditions (GRF), ICAO has agreed to partner with the International Air Transport Association (IATA) and the Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation (CANSO) on a new joint GRF training programme. The new online course has been specifically designed for air traffic controllers and aeronautical information service staff, and will be available for enrolment in April of this year on the ICAO Global Aviation Training website. It complements existing courses developed in cooperation with Airports Council International (ACI) for airport operations staff, and with IATA for flight crews.

08/03/2021 ICAO COUNCIL MARKS #IWD 2021 WITH CONCRETE COMMITMENTS ON GENDER EQUALITY On the occasion of International hort, must be comprised of both Women’s Day (IWD2021), the men and women. 36 State ICAO governing Coun- Other commitments included cil has adopted concrete commit- protecting ICAO policies and ments in a new Declaration on standards from gender discrimi- national levels, and called on all Improving Gender Representa- natory language, promoting gen- of ICAO’s 193 Member States to tion in ICAO’s Governing and der neutral language for its own systematically promote the role Technical Bodies. communications, and working to of women in aviation, and to give The new commitments include increase the number of women due regard and equal opportuni- that all future ICAO Council com- having access to Council level re- ty to the nomination of qualified mittees, working groups, panels, sponsibilities. female candidates when nomi- and other governance or techni- The new Declaration also noted nating Representatives and oth- cal bodies, as well as their Chair that #IWD2021 would mark the er experts and officials to ICAO Groups where applicable and the start of new Council advocacy ef- bodies and groups. Council’s own Vice-President co- forts at the global, regional and

08/03/2021 EASA ISSUES GUIDELINES FOR MANAGEMENT OF DRONE INCIDENTS AT AIRPORTS The European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) published guidance to help aviation operators and national authorities manage drone incidents near airports, a response to a number of recent events which have disrupted Europe’s air traffic at considerable expense to aviation operators, bringing inconvenience for passengers and posing a potential safety threat. EASA’s “Drone Incident Management at Aerodromes” manual addresses unauthorised drone usage in the vicinity of airports. Such incidents may occur by accident -- when individuals are simply not aware of the problems their actions may create – or due to individuals acting with deliberate intent to disrupt, such as activists. At the extreme, the actions may have criminal or terrorist motivation. The manual includes guidance on how to ascertain whether a criminal offence has been committed, developed with input from law enforcement authorities.

17 | HERMES • THE MAGAZINE #13 › JANUARY - MARCH 2021 Source: ICAO TOP NEWS January - March 2021

10/03/2021 STATEMENT FROM A4A CEO AND PRESIDENT NICHOLAS E. CALIO ON THE PASSAGE OF THE AMERICAN RESCUE PLAN On behalf of our member carriers, Airlines for America (A4A) ap- plauds the U.S. Congress for passing the American Rescue Plan (ARP), which includes provisions to extend the highly successful Payroll Support Program (PSP) that has been vital to preserving the jobs of the U.S. airline industry’s hardworking employees – flight attendants, pilots, mechanics, gate agents and others. We are deeply appreciative of Congress’ continued support of our employees, who are our industry’s greatest resource and a critical component of the overall U.S. economic recovery.

Source: A4A

11/03/2021 NGOS AND AVIATION SECTOR CALL FOR LONG-HAUL EMISSIONS TO BE COVERED BY EU’S SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUELS MANDATE

In a letter, sent to Vice-President These new, zero-emis- EUROCONTROL Data Snapshot Half of CO2 emissions come from just 6% of flights: the long-haul Frans Timmermans and Transport sions technologies, how- ones. Commissioner Adina Violean, the ever, are not available for 16 February 2021 coalition point out that long-haul long-haul aviation in the operations are the primary source foreseeable future, there- of the sector’s climate impact. Ac- fore SAFs continue to be cording to recent Eurocontrol fig- key for long-haul avia- ures, just 6% of flights, those over tion to mitigate its carbon 4000km in length, create half of emissions.

aviation’s CO2 emissions. Euro- In addition, by poten- For some routes, only aviation can provide a timely connection. This is true for some shorter hops, over water or where a land connection is difficult, but mostly this is a question of distance. In 2020, some 6% of flights from European airports control concludes: “Increasing the tially raising costs, SAFs were clearly long-haul, crossing more than 4000km.

For passengers and for urgent or high-value cargo, there is little or no alternative on such routes. The importance of supply of sustainable aviation fuel could detract from ongo- long-haul is even more clear when measured in capacity, rather than flights. For example, on the passenger side these 6% of flights carry 10% of total seats, and more than 40% of seat-kilometres (the usual measure of passenger capacity in the industry). to cover just 10% of the needs of ing efforts by technology The chart shows, however, that there is an environmental cost. Longer distances naturally mean longer duration flights, and mostly by larger aircraft (hence the higher proportion of seats). That has a significant cost in terms of CO2. In 2020, long-haul, would do more than can manufacturers and short- more than half of European aviation’s CO2 emissions were from this tiny proportion of the overall number of flights. We have mentioned in other data snapshots how COVID-19 has affected the mix of longer- and shorter-haul flights. But this domination of emissions by a few longer-haul flights is not COVID-related: in 2019, the 6% that were long-haul had a ever be done in short-haul to re- haul carriers to switch to 48% share of CO2, very similar to 2020.

At the opposite end of the scale, the 31% of flights under 500km had only a 4% share of CO2 (24% of flights with 3.8% of duce net CO2 emissions”.* Moreo- cleaner, zero-emissions CO2 in 2019). Short-haul is an excellent candidate for early electrification, amongst other initiatives, to reduce its environmental impact. These improvements will be needed, if aviation is to meet its sustainability targets. However, these data show that the maximum possible saving in short-haul is about 4% of the total CO2. Increasing the supply of ver, extra-EEA flights and long- solutions. The signato- sustainable aviation fuel to cover just 10% of the needs of long-haul, would do more than can ever be done in short-haul to reduce net CO2 emissions.

Technical Bits: The statistics shown are for departures from airports in the 40 European States which participate in the EUROCONTROL Central Route Charges process haul hub operations are already ries therefore call on the zone . Seats and seat-km data are from 2019. For this illustration we assume sustainable aviation fuel saves 75-80% of CO2 compared to kerosene.

environmental policies such as the ensure the SAFs mandate SUPPORTING EUROPEAN AVIATION Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS). does not delay the devel- For short-haul flying, SAFs are opment of zero-emission only an interim step, similar to propulsion (i.e. hydrogen offsetting, until zero-emissions or electric). that advanced biofuels are sustain- technologies, such as hydrogen or In addition, the European Commis- able and mandates for best-in-class electric propulsion aircraft, will be sion needs to exclude biofuels from fuels, such as synthetic kerosene, available by the mid to late-2030s. dedicated cropland** and ensure are included.

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12/03/2021 16/03/2021 ICAO COUNCIL APPROVES NEW ACI WORLD UPDATES GUIDANCE ON RESTART PANDEMIC RESPONSE AND AND RECOVERY FOR AIRPORTS RECOVERY MEASURES Airports Council International The ICAO Council approved six new (ACI) World has today pub- COVID-19 recommendations today, lished new guidance for air- and amended two others, as countries ports to help them prepare for continue to address latest information restart and recovery from the and cooperate to optimize the role of COVID-19 pandemic and its international air transport in global impact on their operations. pandemic recovery and ensure the As the trajectory of recov- speedy resumption of air travel. ery has been affected by new The new and amended recommenda- variants of COVID-19 and the tions and updated guidelines are con- new restrictions introduced by tained in the High-Level Cover Docu- governments in response, the ment and ‘Take-off’ Guidelines issued second edition of ACI World’s by the Council’s Aviation Recovery Aviation Operations during COVID-19 – Business Restart Task Force (CART), established shortly and Recovery, provides updated best practice examples and after the pandemic was identified by the guidance for both initial restart and longer-term recovery. World Health Organization (WHO). ACI has not only updated its guidance on the practical and efficient health and operational measures that can be introduced to support safe travel, but also included new information on the provision of COVID-19 testing facilities at airports and supporting the distribution of vaccines.

17/03/2021 17/03/2021 EUROPEAN COMMISSION PROPOSES A IATA TRAVEL PASS SUCCESSFULLY TRI- DIGITAL GREEN CERTIFICATE ALED ON FIRST INTERNATIONAL FLIGHT Today the European Commission is proposing The International Air Transport Association (IATA) to create a Digital Green Certificate to facilitate announced the arrival at London’s Heathrow Air- safe free movement inside the EU during the port of the first traveler using the IATA Travel Pass COVID-19 pandemic. The Digital Green Cer- app to manage their travel health credentials. tificate will be a proof that a person has been Passengers on Singapore Airlines flights from Sin- vaccinated against COVID-19, received a nega- gapore to London during the trial could use IATA tive test result or recovered from COVID-19. It Travel Pass to: will be available, free of charge, in digital or pa- – Create a per format. It will include a QR code to ensure secure digital security and authenticity of the certificate. The version of Commission will build a gateway to ensure all their passport certificates can be verified across the EU, and on their mo- support Member States in the technical imple- bile device mentation of certificates. Member States remain – Input their Source: IATA responsible to decide which public health re- flight details strictions can be waived for travellers but will to learn of travel restrictions and requirements have to apply such waivers in the same way to – Receive verified test results and a confirmation travellers holding a Digital Green Certificate. that they meet all travel requirements.

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18/03/2021 AVIATION LEADERS LAUNCH FIRST IN-FLIGHT 100% SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL EMISSIONS STUDY ON COMMERCIAL PASSENGER JET A team of aerospace specialists has launched the Fuel-clearance engine tests, including a first flight world’s first in-flight emissions study using 100% to check operational compatibility of using 100% sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) on a wide-body SAF with the aircraft’s systems, started at Airbus’ commercial passenger aircraft. facilities in Toulouse, France, this week. These will Airbus, German research centre DLR, Rolls-Royce be followed by the ground-breaking flight-emis- and SAF producer Neste have teamed up to start sions tests due to start in April and resuming in the the pioneering ‘Emission and Climate Impact of Al- Autumn, using DLR’s Falcon 20-E ‘chase plane’ to ternative Fuels’ (ECLIF3) project looking into the carry out measurements to investigate the emissions effects of 100% SAF on aircraft emissions and per- impact of using SAF. Meanwhile, further ground formance. tests measuring particulate-matter emissions are set Findings from the study - to be carried out on the to indicate the environmental impact of SAF-use on ground and in the air using an Airbus A350-900 air- airport operations. craft powered by Rolls-Royce Trent XWB engines Both the flight and the ground tests will compare - will support efforts currently underway at Airbus emissions from the use of 100% SAF produced with and Rolls-Royce to ensure the aviation sector is HEFA (hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids) tech- ready for the large-scale use of SAF as part of the nology against those from fossil kerosene and low- wider initiative to decarbonise the industry. sulphur fossil kerosene.

Source: Airbus

22/03/2021 ICAO COUNCIL CONCLUDES 222ND SESSION WITH IMPORTANT NEW PROGRESS FOR INTERNATIONAL AVIATION The ICAO Council concluded the piloted aircraft systems (RPAS), tion of the latest ‘Phase III’ guid- meetings of its 222nd Session, among others. ance of its Aviation Recovery Task formalizing important progress on The Council’s contributions to the Force (CART), and the decision air transport developments relat- continuing work to help countries ing to ongoing global pandemic respond and recover from the to convene a ministerial confer- response, emissions offsetting, pandemic on an aligned, effective ence on COVID-19 this coming gender equality and remotely- basis globally, came with its adop- October.

►cont’d

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22/03/2021 ICAO COUNCIL CONCLUDES 222ND SESSION WITH IMPORTANT NEW PROGRESS FOR INTERNATIONAL AVIATION (cont.’d ▶) Where sustainability and the environment are concerned, the Council agreed on additional CORSIA eligible emissions units programmes for use in CORSIA and on additional new criteria for the assessment of sustainability of aviation fuels to be eligible for use in the next phase of CORSIA. The Council also launched the first periodic CORSIA Review that will recommend possible improvements and adjustments to the implementation of the CORSIA scheme for consideration at the 41st ICAO Assembly scheduled for 2022. Other important progress was made on new amendments to the annexes to the Chicago Convention supporting the integration of remotely-piloted aircraft systems into the international air transport regulatory framework, the approval of a new structure for ICAO Cybersecurity activities, the adoption of a new Declaration on gender equality in ICAO’s technical and governing bodies, and in the inaugural meeting of the Council’s new industry consultative body. The 222nd Session also witnessed the Council’s election and appointment of Mr Juan Carlos Salazar as ICAO’s new Secretary General beginning in August 24/03/2021 this year, at which time he will replace ICAO APPROVES NEW EDITION OF ITS TESTING Dr. Fang Liu of China. AND CROSS-BORDER RISK MANAGEMENT MEASURES MANUAL ICAO has announced the release of the revised second edition of the UN aviation agency’s Testing and Cross-border 24/03/2021 Risk Management Measures Manual. Approved last week by ICAO Secretary General Dr. Fang Liu, IATA LAUNCHES EPIC TO ENHANCE the manual is fundamental to the effective global alignment DIGITAL COLLABORATION ACROSS of countries’ pandemic response and recovery efforts, and THE AIR CARGO INDUSTRY provides national governments and air transport operators The International Air Transport Associa- with important updates on wide ranging pandemic response tion (IATA) today announced the launch and recovery priorities relating to civil aviation and public of the IATA Enhanced Partner Identifica- health measures. tion and Connectivity (EPIC) platform to support the digitization of the global air cargo supply chain. EPIC simplifies the complex process of making digital con- 25/03/2021 nections across the air cargo value chain EUROCONTROL MUAC OPTIMISES AIRSPACE including enabling the efficient exchange SECTORS TO DRAW FULL BENEFIT FROM FREE of critical information such as messaging ROUTE AIRSPACE capabilities and identities. On the AIRAC date 25 March 2021, EUROCONTROL’s Maastricht Upper Area Control Centre (MUAC) successfully implemented a major overhaul of its airspace sector layout, which now better meets the European concept of free route airspace. The new airspace sector organisation is designed to better support higher traffic levels as soon as commercial schedules resume. Benefits include a reduction in flight planning restrictions and the creation of several shorter flight-plannable route options. Simulations predict that, on the basis of pre-pan- Source: IATA demic traffic, the change will bring a weekly CO2 saving

►cont’d

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25/03/2021 EUROCONTROL MUAC OPTIMISES AIRSPACE SECTORS TO DRAW FULL BENEFIT FROM FREE ROUTE AIRSPACE ►cont’d potential of 6,700 kg and offer flight-plannable gains of 280 NM. These savings are either directly achievable through explicit changes in the European Route Availability Document (RAD) or readily available thanks to improved alignment between sector boundaries and spe-

cific FRA trajectories. In order to help airspace Source: EUROCONTROL users identify their individual saving potential, the MUAC AO AIRAC Brief highlights the explicit and also the implicit changes to flight plan routings within the improved MUAC sectorisation.

25/03/2021 IATA RELEASES 2020 SAFETY REPORT, DETAILS AIRLINE SAFETY PERFORMANCE The International Air Transport Association 2020) average rate which is 1.38 accidents per (IATA) announced the publication of the 2020 million flights. Safety Report and released data for the 2020 safety • IATA member airlines’ accident rate was 0.83 per performance of the commercial airline industry. million flights, which was an improvement over • The total number of accidents decreased from 52 the 5-year average rate of 0.96. in 2019 to 38 in 2020. • Total flight operations reduced by 53% to 22 mil- • The total number of fatal accidents decreased lion in 2020. from 8 in 2019 to 5 in 2020. • Fatality risk remained unchanged compared to • The all accident rate was 1.71 accidents per mil- the five-year average at 0.13. lion flights. This is higher than the 5-year (2016-

25/03/2021

SWEDAVIA ACHIEVES WORLD FIRST AS NET ZERO CO2 OPERATIONS ARE ANNOUNCED ACROSS ITS TEN AIRPORTS Just before the end of last year, Swedavia became one of the first airport operators in the world to have the operations it runs under its own management at its ten airports be fossil-free. The company notes this milestone in its Annual and Sustainability Report 2020. Swedavia is now extending that work to supporting other companies and organisations at its airports in transforming their operations, with a special focus on reducing climate impact of the Swedish aviation industry. ACI EUROPE has welcomed the announcement from Swedish airport group Swedavia that all ten of its

airports – including the Stockholm-Arlanda hub – have now achieved Net Zero CO2 emissions across all operations under their control – a world first. Swedavia thus also becomes the first company to deliver on the European airport industry pledge to become Net Zero by 2050 at the latest.

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30/03/2021 SOUTHWEST AIRLINES ORDERS 100 BOEING 737 MAX JETS, PLUS 155 OPTIONS Boeing [NYSE:BA] and Southwest Airlines today announced the carrier will continue to build its business around the 737 MAX family with a new order for 100 airplanes and 155 options across two models. The deal comes after a multi-year fleet evaluation by Southwest and means that Boeing and its suppliers could build more than 600 new 737 MAX jets for the airline through 2031. Southwest had been exploring options to

modernize the largest component of its Source: Boeing fleet: the 737-700 that serves the airline’s needs for a 140-150 seat airplane. With the new agreement, the airline reaffirmed the 737-7 as its preferred replacement and growth airplane. The jet will complement the 737-8, which serves Southwest’s needs for a 175-seat model. Both 737 MAX family members will reduce fuel use and carbon emissions by at least 14% compared to the airplanes they replace, helping to improve operating costs and environmental performance. Southwest said the solution allows it to maintain the operational efficiencies of an all-Boeing 737 fleet to support its low-cost, point- to-point route network.

30/03/2021 31/03/2021 MAJOR U.S. AIRLINES COMMIT ALASKA AIRLINES OFFICIALLY JOINS TO NET-ZERO CARBON EMISSIONS ONEWORLD BY 2050 Marking a milestone in its 89-year history, Alaska Today, Airlines for America (A4A), the indus- Airlines today celebrated its first day as a member try trade organization representing the lead- of oneworld. Alaska becomes the 14th full mem- ing U.S. airlines, announced the commitment ber of the global alliance, just eight months after of its member carriers to work across the avi- receiving a formal invitation from oneworld in July ation industry and with government leaders 2020. in a positive partnership to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. As part of that commitment, A4A carriers pledged to work with the government and other stakeholders toward a rapid expansion of the production and deployment of commercially viable sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) to make 2 billion gallons of SAF available to U.S. aircraft op- NET 0 CARBON erators in 2030.

Source: Alaska

23 | HERMES • THE MAGAZINE #13 › JANUARY - MARCH 2021 HERMES NEWS

February 25th Hermes member Juan Carlos Salazar was elected Secretary General of ICAO

he 36-State governing body of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the ICAO Council, has appointed TMr. Juan Carlos Salazar of Colombia as the new Secretary General of the Organization for a three-year term, beginning 1 August 2021. Mr Salazar said: “I want to thank the Council of ICAO for providing a very strong mandate and for supporting a vision to work together for the recovery of aviation in all regions and to restore the confidence in the international civil aviation system.“ “I would like to congratulate Juan Carlos on his new appointment. His winning personality, his active participation, his collaborative spirit will be a valuable addition to our industry. Colombia has a long history in aviation starting from its very early days. We are looking forward to working with Juan Carlos and to continuing our close relation with ICAO.” added Dr Kostas Iatrou, Director General of Hermes – Air Transport Organisation. Since January 2018, Mr. Salazar has been serving as Director General of Civil Aviation of Colombia at Aerocivil, a complex civil aviation organization with more than 3,100 employees and 12 trade unions. He is in charge of a network of 72 public airports and of the sole air navigation service provider in a country that serves as a key hub for air routes in Latin America. He has also served as Chief Executive Officer of the Colombian Civil Aviation Organisation and as Senior Advisor to the Civil Aviation Authority of the United Arab Emirates. Finally Mr. Salazar is member of Hermes since 13 December 2019.

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March 18th Hermes Director General participates at the high level Ministerial Meeting on Enhancing Air Transport Connectivity and Growth in West Africa

r Kostas Iatrou, Director General of Hermes – Air Transport Organisation, representing Hermes participated in the DHigh level Ministerial Meeting on Enhancing Air Transport Connectivity and Growth in West Africa held on 17 & 18 March 2021 organised by Nigerian Federal Ministry of Aviation and iPADIS. He participated in the panel of SESSION 4 – Strategies and Sectoral synergies that are required for air transport growth. In his speech he stressed that now that the industry faces an unprecedented existential crisis it needs to bring together individuals with varied experiences to collaborate and solve complex situations as a diversity of experience is needed to see risks and opportunities from different angles to generate new, dynamic, and flexible solutions and adopt best practices. Long term strategic and risk-based scenario planning is crucial for the sustainable development of aviation to better prepare the industry for the next crisis. NGOs and Civil Society Organisations should act as fora for exchange, cooperation and collaboration and for institutionalizing collaborative and leadership practices. The role of the leader is not to issue directives but to influence and to coordinate so as to agree on a common set of goals. Hermes’s goal is to facilitate discussions on collaboration and leadership this is why it issues recommendations, this year’s focuses on Resilience and Efficiency through Leadership and Cooperation.

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2021 HERMES AGM & LEADERS FORUM Resilience and Efficiency Through Leadership and Cooperation Friday 9 July • 2021 Ekali • Greece

SPONSOR

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MONTSERRAT BARRIGA Director General ERA

What are the shared goals of the European aviation sector in launching a recovery from COVID-19, improving its stakeholders in the aviation industry? series of climate commitments as part governance and making European avia- of the Aviation Round Table Report on tion more resilient to future shocks. As In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, a the Recovery of European Aviation and well as specifically calling for a compre- priority for all stakeholders within the the flagship climate initiative Destina- hensive Aviation Relief Programme to re- industry right now is recovery and resil- tion 2050 – a route to net zero European build the sector following the pandemic, ience, to ensure the future of European aviation. the report notes the critical importance aviation and to maintain vital connec- of restoring the public’s confidence in The Aviation Round Table Report, tivity to the citizens of Europe. Another aviation as a key priority and urgent pre- shared goal is sustainability and, guided launched in November 2020, highlights requisite in ensuring recovery. by the ambitions of the European Green how maintaining connectivity, skills Deal, to ensure aviation contributes to and employment and preserving the Eu- In addition, the report commits to am- climate neutrality by 2050. This is why ropean internal market and its compet- bitious actions to tackle the sector’s ERA has joined forces together with the itiveness is vital for ensuring aviation’s climate impact, and to strive for a so-

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cially sustainable, competitive and Led by ERA and fellow associations A4E, How can the industry ensure that more resilient aviation sector. This is a ACI EUROPE, ASD Europe and CANSO, it is the achievement of these shared joint commitment alongside 23 fellow the first pan-European, industry-wide, goals does not unduly advantage associations and has invited the EU and long-term vision that comes with con- some stakeholders at the expense of its member states to work alongside crete solutions to the complex challenge others? industry in defining and agreeing an EU of reducing CO2 emissions from commer- Pact for Sustainable Aviation by the end cial flights within and departing the EU, It is important that any action taken does not affect airlines unevenly and that we of 2021 that covers social and environ- UK and EFTA. mental aspects. On the environmental are able to maintain competition. Big car- side, topics include sustainable aviation There is an opportunity to reach net zero riers, already dominant in their markets, fuels (SAFs); funding and investments CO2 emissions by 2050 through a com- have received large support since the to enable the acceleration of low-carbon bination of four key measures, aligning start of the pandemic, while more fragile aircraft innovations, such as electric European aviation with EU climate goals economies and markets cannot afford to and hydrogen; an incentive scheme for – subject to securing the required sup- support their airlines. It is therefore very fleet renewal, coupled with retirement; porting policy and financing framework likely that such state aid will lead to mar- increased public co-funding rates for at EU and national level. These four mea- ket distortions, with potentially smaller airlines being forced out of markets by civil aviation research and innovation sures include: improvements in aircraft larger and wealthier airlines. This uneven (such as Clean Aviation and SESAR) and engine technologies, which could government aid all over Europe has con- through EU recovery mechanisms; and achieve emission reductions of 37 per the revision of the Single European Sky sequently initiated a shift in market pow- cent; using SAFs, which could achieve ers with regional carriers suffering the and continuation of the EU Emissions emission reductions of 34 per cent; im- Trading Scheme and CORSIA. most, facing the toughest challenges as plementing economic measures, which a result of unfair competition. If this hap- Underpinning this, our recently launched could achieve emission reductions of 8 pens, it will not end with the airlines, but flagship initiative Destination 2050 is per cent; and improvements in air traf- will have direct and dramatic impact on driven by a new, independent report, pro- fic management (ATM) and aircraft op- the economic recovery of the European viding a vision and path for meaningful erations, which could achieve emission regions and the people living there, work- CO2 emission reduction efforts in Europe. reductions of 6 per cent. ing directly in the industry or tourism

29 | HERMES • THE MAGAZINE #13 › JANUARY - MARCH 2021 INTERVIEW sector or dependent on infrastructure. employment. In the context of the slot Connectivity to the regions of Europe is vi- waiver prolongation, this agreement has tal particularly where aviation is the only allowed for greater planning for not only means transportation. airlines, but airports and co-ordinators, allowing them to maximise the use of ca- Additionally, when it comes to sustain- pacity at a critical time and promote the able solutions, it must be recognised recovery of air connectivity whilst still that further regulatory burdens affect preventing anti-competitive behaviours. airlines’ ability to stay solvent with regulations such as new environmental taxes Who should assume a leadership role in affecting the bottom line. Governments industry decision-making? must also avoid systems that penalise What should be the roles of these airlines for older aircraft; small to medi- leaders? What processes should the um-sized airlines, particularly following leaders follow to achieve cooperation the COVID-19 pandemic, do not have the and consensus among industry same level of reserves as large airlines and are not in a position to invest in new, stakeholders? aviation industry has experienced more efficient aircraft as easily. Further The aviation industry is large and varied unprecedented actions by States as to this, it is important that states explor- and no one party can take ownership they closed borders and instituted ing new solutions such as new technol- over defining its future: it is important quarantines for air travelers. What ogy or SAF must ensure these are made that we work together. This is often the cooperative arrangements can be equally available to all, not just for the benefit of associations like ERA, as we put in place to guide state actions larger carriers. are able to represent multiple airlines for the shared benefits of industry and aviation businesses, developing col- How does the industry overcome stakeholders? How can we achieve lective positions and the right actions some vested interests of some key these cooperative arrangements? for the wider community. We recognise stakeholders that may undermine the the importance of each player across This year has seen industry react quick- common good? the aerospace industry’s value chain ly to provide new health and safety pro- European air transport is one of the and the role they will play to achieve our cesses such as airport testing, and has toughest and most competitive mar- goals, and as ERA’s recent work with the seen it subjugated to decisions beyond kets in the world and the effects of the Aviation Round Table Report and Desti- its control, such as border closures and COVID-19 pandemic has only increased nation 2050 shows, we are now taking quarantine rules. Whilst a vaccine is now this. A pivotal decision made by the Eu- this one step further by joining other a reality – it being only a matter of time ropean Commission during this period aviation stakeholders. before this is rolled out across Europe and beyond – it is essential that Euro- has been to extend the slots waiver. Nevertheless, the aviation industry pean aviation stakeholders and member If this decision had not been made, it cannot achieve its goals alone. Urgent states are aligned as we work towards would have been possible for some air- action by EU leaders is needed to deliv- recovery. To achieve this, a common lines to take advantage of the situation er policies to enable action. The EU Pact road map is needed on subjects such as and monopolise the market. Whilst this for Sustainable Aviation for example, will testing and quarantines, as well as the would have been beneficial to them, it provide an opportunity to formalise and would have negatively impacted the enact the required partnership between EU’s proposed Digital Green Pass. This wider industry. At ERA, we always work industry and European and national pol- proposal requires EU member states to to protect consumer choice. The cur- icy makers ensuring an agreement on issue common, interoperable and mutu- rent diversity is needed, with smaller joint sustainability targets and align- ally recognised certificates for COVID-19 European carriers being more flexible ment between the related industry con- vaccination, testing and recovery sta- to adopt changes, implement innova- tribution and roadmap on the one hand tus. We fully support this, but we are a tive technology needed for ensuring and the enabling regulatory and finan- long way out of this crippling situation sustainability, customise their offers cial framework on the other. and need the member states to imple- to passenger needs, connect remote re- ment common solutions and plan ahead gions to big hubs and contribute to local During the COVID-19 pandemic, the in a fully co-ordinated and aligned way.

30 | HERMES • THE MAGAZINE #13 › JANUARY - MARCH 2021 EVENTS 18.02.2021 Executive Webinar

Taking off Again: The Air Transport Sector in the Post COVID-19 Era

The insightful executive webinar “Taking Off Again: The Air Transport Sector in the Post Covid-19 Era” (18 February), following the online annual general meeting, was hosted by the Hellenic Aviation Society. The event fulfilled under the auspices of Hermes Air Transport Organisation and some of the most significant stakeholders of the air transport and tourism sector shared their opinions for the future of the industry, in a post-Covid19 era. The ATN was the media partner of the event.

r Kostas Iatrou, Director General of Hermes Air Council. Moreover, Prof Dr Andreas Papatheodorou Transport Organisation and Honorary Member presented Salvatore Sciacchitano with the prestigious Dof the Hellenic Aviation Society, welcomed all Hellenic Aviation Society Keramianakis Award, for his participants to the event, addressed to the need of great contribution to the industry over the years. the aviation sector to navigate uncharted waters in a safe yet innovative manner and finally presented The President of ICAO Council, Salvatore this year’s keynote speaker, and President of ICAO Sciacchitano, addressed to the last ICAO Economic

31 | HERMES • THE MAGAZINE #13 › JANUARY - MARCH 2021 EVENTS 18.02.2021 Executive Webinar

Taking off Again: The Air Transport Sector in the Post COVID-19 Era

Analysis which presented a decrease of 60%, or 2,7 Furthermore, ICAO Council monitors the pandemic million, on passenger traffic. He also mentioned the through several platforms which provide health data strong impact of COVID-19 on air travel and tourism from the 95% of its members. This data will allow by pointing out the liquidity issues as well as, the job ICAO to create recovery roadmaps, prepare for any losses, during the pandemic. Salvatore Sciacchitano future pandemic events, introduce economic viability highlighted the important role of ICAO Council to react strategies, based on the new normality, and prioritise and present a roadmap towards restart and recovery of the impact of the industry on the climate change. the sector. On an immediate response to the pandemic Finally, he recognised the role of innovation as main the ICAO Council, in cooperation with several industry pillar for the future of the industry, on security, safety stakeholders, established the CART (Council Aviation and environmental challenges. Recovery Task) Task Force. The role of CART was the elaboration of principals and recommendations As a moderator of the webinar, Jeff Poole, President in order to establish an international alignment and of Hermes Air Transport Organisation and Senior Vice apply common synergies throughout the industry. President of World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), Furthermore, Salvatore Sciacchitano referred the highlighted the uncertain and challenging times of the importance of vaccine certifications on global basis as pandemic as well as pointed out that the air transport well as the establishment of standard health protocols. sector has to remain agile and robust for the future. He The creation of health corridors through bilateral identified pandemic as a constant evolving situation agreements for vaccination between countries referred which creates lack of confidence for the passengers as as the key for a safe, secure and sustainable future. well as the need to reconvince them to travel again. At

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last, the President of Hermes Air Transport Organisation his speech, Henrik Hololei addressed to the lack of identified that governments acted individually against willingness for collaboration, on a governmental level, the pandemic and focused on the ways the will start as well as to the importance of the acceleration of operate as a whole. the vaccination processes as key factor for confident among the passengers. Henrik Hololei, Director General for Mobility and Transport at European Commission, addressed to the On a similar track, Eamonn Brennan, Director General following months as the most difficult ones. Most of the of EUROCONTROL, identified summer season as vital flights in Europe remained in halt at that moment and the for the industry and vital to be rescued. He presented need to create conditions for travels was essential. As a a challenging situation for the European market, European Commissioner he identified the large number especially due to the heavy losses of the European flag of air travel restrictions, which make travel impossible, carriers. Moreover, he addressed to the importance as well as he said that a large number of restrictions will of the long-haul travel for the European carriers and remain within the industry for the near future. The main the serious challenges they face, due to their strong priority for the European Union is to regain the trust and dependency on hub and spoke operations. He also confidence of the passengers, as they are the lifeline, pointed out the gradual loss of connectivity, between and finally make them feel secure again. He added that airports as well as the lack of financial viability of regional EU maintain its competitiveness, prosperity as well as airports after the pandemic. At last, the Director General resilience and the fact that the former would be remain of EUROCONTROL admitted that the air transport only with strong government support. Summarising industry lost the battle on its effort to promote itself as

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18.02.2021 18.02.2021 ΔΙΑΔΙΚΤΥΑΚΗ ETHΣΙΑ ΤΑΚΤΙΚΗ ΔΙΑΔΙΚΤΥΑΚΗ ETHΣΙΑ ΤΑΚΤΙΚΗ ΓΕΝΙΚΗ ΣΥΝΕΛΕΥΣΗ & ΚΟΠΗ ΠΙΤΑΣ ΓΕΝΙΚΗ ΣΥΝΕΛΕΥΣΗ & ΚΟΠΗ ΠΙΤΑΣ / ONLINE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING / ONLINE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING ΔΙΑΔΙΚΤΥΑΚΗ ΣΥΝΕΔΡΙΑ ΔΙΑΔΙΚΤΥΑΚΗ ΣΥΝΕΔΡΙΑ Πρόγραμμα / Programme / EXECUTIVE WEBINAR (Greece time zone - UTC+2) / EXECUTIVE WEBINAR

18:00 –19:00 2021 ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING OF THE HELLENIC AVIATION SOCIETY (members-only) Taking off Again: H Ελληνική Αεροπορική Ένωση (www.aviationsociety.gr) καλεί τα μέλη της να συμμετάσχουν μέσω Zoom στην Ετήσια Τακτική Γενική Συνέλευση και την κοπή της πίτας μας. The Air Transport Sector Ο σύνδεσμος σύνδεσης στο Zoom θα αποσταλεί μέσω ηλεκτρονικού ταχυδρομείου. 19:00 –19:05 WELCOME NOTE in the Post COVID-19 Era Dr Kostas Iatrou, Honorary Member, Hellenic Aviation Society in the Post COVID-19 Era Director General, Hermes - Air Transport Organization 19:05 –19:20 KEYNOTE ADDRESS Salvatore Sciacchitano, President, International Civil Aviation Organization Council UNDER THE AUSPICES OF: 19:20 –19:30 KERAMIANAKIS AWARD CEREMONY 19:30 –21:00 EXECUTIVE PANEL TAKING-OFF AGAIN: THE AIR TRANSPORT SECTOR IN THE POST COVID-19 ERA Moderator: Jeff Poole, President, Hermes - Air Transport Organisation MEDIA PARTNER: Senior Vice President, World Travel and Tourism Council Panellists: Henrik Hololei, Director General for Mobility and Transport, European Commission Luis Felipe de Oliveira, Director General, Airports Council International (ACI) Abdul Wahab Teffaha, Secretary General, Arab Air Carriers Organization (AACO) Eamonn Brennan, Director General, EUROCONTROL Dr Yiannis Paraschis, CEO, Athens International Airport Πρόγραμμα / Programme Prof Dr Andreas Papatheodorou, President, Hellenic Aviation Society Everyone is invited to attend the webinar, which will be live broadcast on the Hellenic Aviation Society’s YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCD_h1HEYyR2-Jc2AH0INVcQ

Established in 2004, the Hellenic Aviation Society is a highly dynamic scientific non-profitable forum on aviation issues in Greece, which aims to contribute to the progress and promotion of scientific work in air transport; to present and promote the role of aviation and its contribution to the economic, political and social development to the wider public of Greece; to offer survey, research and advisory assistance to governmental and private institutions involved in aviation; to collaborate with Higher Education Institutions and other organizations engaged in the area of aviation; and to create and to keep Historical Archives and a Library for both Hellenic and international aviation. Restarting Air Travel / Restarting the Economy 3 Restarting Air Travel / Restarting the Economy

a secure and healthy way of transportation, through the support of small and medium-haul airports, as he said pandemic era. He said that the acceptance of the health 80% of WTTC includes small and medium enterprises. passport is a priority, and should be also adopted by The ACI deployed a support strategy on two (2) main other countries as well as the industry needs to move on pillars: and provide innovative technological solutions for the future of the air travel. ¢ Renew of the ACI Fund: Financial and training support for the development of the less developed airports to Representing the airport perspective, Luis Felipe meet the global standards De Oliveira, Director General of Airport Council International (ACI), also admitted the loss of the ¢ Prepare those airports to deal with the cargo processes power of the air transport sector. He focused on the as an alternative source of revenue collaboration and cooperation of Industry Bodies and Governments, in order to face this global pandemic. Concluding his speech, Luis Felipe De Oliveira Luis Felipe De Oliveira identified the need of process identified every airport as a different entity with different and measure harmonisation among the markets as needs. However, the ownership of each airport plays well as the implementation of the CART guidelines. In an important role on the way it will face the pandemic particular, the Director General of ACI focused to the as well as its actions for the domestic market recovery.

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Abdul Wahab Teffaha, Secretary General of AACO, at University of the Aegean, highlighted the fact that admitted that there is a form of process harmonisation air transport industry remains a strong pillar and key but still most of the air transport stakeholders act player of the global economy. He mostly focused on individually. He also identified the strong presence of fear the impact of the pandemic in Greek tourism market regarding the policy making procedures. He addressed as well as he pointed out that tourism is vital for the to the global recognition of health passports as vital for country’s GDP and Greece should promote itself as the future of the air travel. At the same time there is a a safe destination. He addressed to the pandemic as strong need for global criteria for the establishment of a multilateral challenge which need to be faced with health corridors and travel bundles. However, Abdul cooperation from all stakeholders. Wahab Teffaha pointed out that these strategies have to be processed of an industrial, and not governmental, After finishing their speeches, all participants expressed level. Furthermore, the Secretary General of AACO their opinions on the phenomenon of the “New Normal” concentrated on the four (4) pillars which the industry among the aviation industry. Henrik Hololei identified health needs to focus on the next years. There are: safety as a new dimension for the industry which will play an important role in the future. However, he mentions that  Technology the industry does not need any more regulations and that  Sustainable Fuels it will eventually evolve on a long term. Director General  Offsetting of EUROCONTROL stated that the future of air transport  Infrastructure will have much less carriers but the connectivity expects Finally, he adds that the last years the airlines mostly to be sufficient. He also pointed out that to maintain the concentrated on the offsetting pillar. He identifies balance in the sector, the participation and cooperation of technology as an alternative tool for the industry as well all stakeholders is essential. as its harmonisation and total penetration to the travel process as the way forward. The majority of the speakers presented sustainability as an integral part of the “New Normality”. Abdul Representing the Greek airport market, Dr Yiannis Wahab Teffaha highlighted sustainability as the way Paraschis, CEO of Athens International Airport also forward for tourism as well as the fact that regulators raised his concerns over the individual approach of every and stakeholders need to invest on technology and country, regarding the air travel. He also addressed to the infrastructure for a more sustainable future. On the pre departure PCR tests as a temporal health measure airport side, the vulnerability of the airports demands while he hopes the vaccine will be the first step towards new regulations for their protection. However, Luis recovery. Moreover, Dr Yiannis Paraschis said that Felipe De Oliveira identified that airports need to adopt additional measures will only provide lower passenger sustainable strategies and follow the trends of climate numbers and at this stage airports can only operate with change and digital transformation as well. strong financial support for the governments. However, airports never stop operations, that is why there is a At last, Prof. Dr Andreas Papatheodorou analysed the fundamental need for future planning. Airports need to importance of health protocols among the industry as plan on a medium and long term and invest on health, well as the importance of destination management after sustainability as well as technology, not only bigger such global events. He pointed out that every crisis is capacity. an opportunity. A global event can only be faced by a global response, which implies a strong need for At last, Prof. Dr Andreas Papatheodorou, President synergies among the aviation industry. Finally, he added of Hellenic Aviation Society, Professor and Director that aviation and tourism remain stronger together.

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West Africa MinistersWEST AFRICA and iPADIS MINISTERS Map Out ANDAir Transport iPADIS Recovery Plan MAP OUT AIR TRANPSORT RECOVERY PLAN

Montréal, 19 March 2021 – A high-level ministerial meeting of Western African States concluded yesterday with a 15-point post-covid recovery plan for air transport in the region, including strategies for the long-term sustainable development of the industry.

The two-day virtual event on enhancing air connectivity and growth in West Africa was organized by the Federal Ministry of Aviation of Nigeria, in cooperation with the International Partners for Aviation Development, Innovation and Sustainability (iPADIS). Also, participating were Central African and Caribbean States, international and regional financial and regulatory organizations, as well as industry stakeholders from air transport, tourism, trade, public health and related sectors.

Senator Hadi Sirika, Nigerian Minister of Aviation, stated that “Nigeria’s determination to host the High-Level Ministerial Meeting is borne out of the desire to find a lasting solution to the challenges of this sector in our sub–region, especially at a time when the industry is unprecedentedly being impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic, resulting in depressed travel demands and disruptions of businesses globally.”

Minister Sirika called on States to address the issue of financing and modernization of aviation infrastructure and to attract support from private investors by “building a transparent, stable and predictable investment climate, as well as by include aviation in national development plans”.

Dr. Olumuyiwa Benard Aliu, founding president of iPADIS, likewise stressed the need for strengthened levels of collaboration and decisiveness among West African governments and industry stakeholders in addressing the COVID-19 challenge and ensuring a rapid recovery of the air transport and tourism sectors, vital to stimulating economic development in the region.

36 | HERMES“I am • THEconfident MAGAZINE that #13 the › JANUARY15 West - MARCHAfrican 2021 States have the potential and the resourcefulness to transform their region into a leading aviation market and to take full advantage of air transport as a major contributor to trade, tourism and GDP”, said Dr. Aliu.

“What is required is political determination to turn the COVID-19 crisis into an opportunity to enhance the contribution of civil aviation to West Africa’s economic growth, social progress and integration, and overall sustainable development. Your collaboration and leadership will be critical to implement necessary strategies and synergies for a sustainable and resilient air transport system worthy of the great potential of this region”, he emphasized.

ϭ WEST AFRICA MINISTERS AND iPADIS MAP OUT AIR TRANPSORT RECOVERY PLAN 19.03.2021 High level Ministerial Meeting EVENTSMontréal, 19 March 2021 – A high-level ministerial meeting of Western African States concluded yesterday with a 15-point post-covid recovery plan for air transport in the region, including strategies for the long-term sustainable development of the industry.

WestThe Africa two-day Ministers virtual event andon enhancing iPADIS air Map connectivity Out Air and Transportgrowth in West Recovery Africa was Plan organized by the Federal Ministry of Aviation of Nigeria, in cooperation with the International Partners for Aviation Development, Innovation and Sustainability (iPADIS). Also, participating were Central African and Caribbean States, international and regional financial and regulatory organizations, as well as industry stakeholders from air transport, tourism, trade, public health and related sectors.

“I am confident that the 15 West African States have the potential and the resourcefulness to transform their region into a leading aviation market and to take full advantage of air transport as a major contributor to trade, tourism and GDP”, said Dr. Aliu.

Dr. Aliu thanked the Nigerian Government for hosting the event and reiterated that iPADIS

is looking forward to continue collaborating with Nigeria, other members of the Economic

Community of West African States (ECOWAS), as well as other partner organizations, to

ensure effective implementation of the decisions of the high-level ministerial meeting.

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- END -

Note to Editors:

Please find attached full text of the final communique and Plan of Action and the list of participating States and organizations.

For further information:

iPADIS is an independent, international non-governmental organization (NGO) of public and private partnerships. It operates on a not-for-profit basis to lead effective lobby for positive change in the global aviation industry. It actively promotes the development of international civil aviation in an innovative, sustainable and socially responsible manner.

Ϯ EVENTS 17-18.03.2021 High level Ministerial Meeting

Enhancing Air Transport Connectivity and Growth in West Africa

COMMUNIQUE COMMUNIQUE

We, Ministers responsible for air transport from West African States, neighbouring Central African States as well as from the Diaspora held a High-Level Ministerial meeting on Enhancing Air Transport Connectivity and Growth in West Africa on 18 March 2021, at the kind invitation of the Federal Ministry of Aviation, Nigeria in cooperation with the International Partners for Aviation Development, Innovation and Sustainability (iPADIS).

We considered many issues affecting air transport and related sectors, the impact and recovery from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic crisis as well as strategies and synergies to establish air transport on a path of sustainable and resilient growth in our States and region. Arising from our deliberations, We:

1. Acknowledge the population of over 380 million people, a land mass of 5,112,903 Square kilometres and many historical and cultural touristic sites within the fifteen (15) ECOWAS member States, some of which are small island and landlocked States. Also acknowledge that an important part of the African Diaspora is originating from this region. 2. Recognise the importance of air transport as a tool for regional economic growth, social integration and overall sustainable development, in line with the African Union vision for African integration, including travel, tourism and trade. 3. Affirm our determination to take full advantage of the safe and rapid interconnectivity that air transport offers for intra regional and international travels for our citizens and businesses. 4. Acknowledge the longstanding pre-COVID 19 challenges and the slow pace of air transport development and connectivity in the region that should have been effectively addressed, which the COVID-19 crisis have further exacerbated. 5. Determine to take urgent steps to address those factors that militate against national and regional solutions to sustainable development and growth of air transport in the region including political, institutional, financial, technological, technical expertise, capacity building, manpower development, infrastructure development, proliferation of taxes, regulatory constraints, etc. 6. Note that COVID-19 underscored the impact of public and user’s confidence on operational and financial viability of air transport and accordingly, recognise that continuous improvement in safety, security, efficiency, reliability, comfort, affordability, and competitiveness of air travel is critical to sustainable development and growth of air transport. 7. Recognise that the current COVID-19 crisis further underscores the importance of inter- sectoral collaboration and synergies between air transport and other sectors of the

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EVENTS 17-18.03.2021 High level Ministerial Meeting COMMUNIQUE

Enhancing Air Transport Connectivity and Growth in West Africa

economy such as tourism, trade, finance, public health, immigration and border control etc., and that opportunities and threats in those sectors have significant impact on the strength and growth of air transport and vice versa. 8. Undertake to support the expeditious recovery of the air transport, travel, tourism trade and related sectors with the aim to reimagine, revitalize and retool the aviation system in West Africa to meet present and future challenges. 9. Recognise the need for regional collaboration for immediate development and implementation of harmonised air travel related public health policies and protocols as well as joint action to ensure that the interest of the region, its citizens and operators are not unduly or discriminatorily impacted by air travel policies and protocols, implemented by foreign governments and international organisations in the wake of COVID-19. 10. Appreciate the importance of establishing short, medium, long term and risk-based national and regional strategic civil aviation plans with clear objectives, measurable targets, milestones, accountabilities and monitoring mechanisms to establish sustainable, innovative, socially responsible and resilient aviation systems as well as the need to integrate such civil aviation plans into national and regional economic development plans. 11. Commit to develop, review and implement national, regional and international civil aviation policies, regulatory frameworks, and strategic plans that promote the growth of air transport in a sustainable, innovative and socially responsible manner. 12. Welcome a more active involvement of non-governmental organizations, civil society organizations and stakeholders to ensure that international civil aviation policies, plans and programmes consider the interests of users of air transport services and overall benefits to the society. 13. Urge all operators including airlines, airports, air navigation service providers, training organizations, freight forwarders, ground handling and catering services companies, etc. to review and adapt their plans, business models and operations to address current challenges and future risks, and to implement innovative technologies and solutions to ensure long-term sustainability and resilience of air transport systems in the region. 14. Express appreciation to the Federal Ministry of Aviation of Nigeria, the ECOWAS Commission and iPADIS for organizing and facilitating this Event and urge their continuing support to the implementation of the outcomes by States and stakeholders. 15. Thank AUC, AFCAC, AfDB, ICAO, UNWTO, WHO, World Bank and other regional and international, industry and civil society organizations for their active participation in the event and urge their continuing support and assistance to air transport development in the West African region.

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Finally, we appreciate the spirit of openness and cordiality that prevailed during our deliberations in the Meeting.

The list of States and international organisations that attended and participated in the meeting is attached to this Communiqué.

18 March 2021

High Level / Ministerial Meeting on Enhancing Connectivity and Growth in West Africa

WĂŐĞϭŽĨϳ

Enhancing Air Transport Connectivity and Growth in West Africa

PLAN OF ACTION PLAN OF ACTION

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WůĂŶŽĨĐƚŝŽŶĨŽƌŶŚĂŶĐŝŶŐŝƌdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚŽŶŶĞĐƚŝǀŝƚǇĂŶĚ'ƌŽǁƚŚŝŶtĞƐƚĨƌŝĐĂŶZĞŐŝŽŶ

40 | HERMES • THE MAGAZINE #13 › JANUARY - MARCH 2021 EVENTS 17-18.03.2021 High level Ministerial Meeting

Enhancing Air Transport Connectivity and Growth in West Africa WĂŐĞϮŽĨϳ Ϯ͘ d/s/d/^Ed/KE^ > ^hWWKZd/E' d/D>/E^ KZ'E/d/KE WZͲKs/ϭϵ,>>E'^Ed,^>KtWK&/ZdZE^WKZds>KWDEd/Ed,Z'/KE WƌĞͲKs/ϭϵĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞĨĂĐƚŽƌƐƚŚĂƚŚĂǀĞŵŝůŝƚĂƚĞĚĂŐĂŝŶƐƚĂŝƌƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŝŶƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĞĨĨĞĐƚŝǀĞůǇ ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞĚ͘ ŝ͘ WƌŽŵŽƚĞƚŚĞŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞǀĂƌŝŽƵƐĞĐůĂƌĂƚŝŽŶƐ͕ &͕/K͕ ĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƐ͕ZŽĂĚŵĂƉƐ͕WůĂŶƐŽĨĐƚŝŽŶ͕dĂƌŐĞƚƐĞƚĐ͘ƚŚĂƚ Kt^ ŝW/^ĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌ ϮϬϮϭͲϮϬϮϮ ŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶĂĚŽƉƚĞĚƚŽĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞƚŚĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĂŝƌ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƚƚŚĞŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůĂŶĚƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůůĞǀĞůƐ͘ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐ ŝŝ͘ ĚĚƌĞƐƐĨĂĐƚŽƌƐƚŚĂƚŵŝůŝƚĂƚĞĂŐĂŝŶƐƚŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůƐŽůƵƚŝŽŶƐƚŽ &͕/K͕ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ŐƌŽǁƚŚ ŽĨ ĂŝƌƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚ ŝŶ ^ƚĂƚĞƐĂŶĚKt^ ŝW/^ĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌ ϮϬϮϭͲϮϬϮϮ ƚŚĞ ƌĞŐŝŽŶ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƉŽůŝƚŝĐĂů͕ ŝŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶĂů͕ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͕ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĨŝŶĂŶĐŝĂů͕ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĐĂů͕ ƚĞĐŚŶŝĐĂů ĞǆƉĞƌƚŝƐĞ͕ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŶƉŽǁĞƌ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ ƉƌŽůŝĨĞƌĂƚŝŽŶ ŽĨ ƚĂǆĞƐ͕ ƌĞŐƵůĂƚŽƌǇ ĐŽŶƐƚƌĂŝŶƚƐ͕ĂŵŽŶŐƐƚŽƚŚĞƌƐ͘ ŝŝŝ͘ ZĞĂƐƐĞƐƐƚŚĞƌŽůĞĂŶĚƌĞǀŝƚĂůŝǌĞƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚŝŽŶŽĨĐŝǀŝů Kt^ &͕/K͕ ĂǀŝĂƚŝŽŶŝŶtĞƐƚĨƌŝĐĂƚŽƚŚĞĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐŐƌŽǁƚŚ͕ƐŽĐŝĂů ŝW/^ĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌ ϮϬϮϭͲϮϬϮϮ ƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐĂŶĚŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚŽǀĞƌĂůůƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐ

WĂŐĞϯŽĨϳ ϯ͘ d/s/d/^Ed/KE^ > ^hWWKZd/E' KZ'E/d/KE d/D>/E^ /DWdE^K>hd/KE^dKKs/Ͳϭϵ,>>E'^KE/ZKEEd/s/dz dŚĞŝŵƉĂĐƚŽĨKs/ͲϭϵWĂŶĚĞŵŝĐŽŶĂŝƌƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚŝŶtĞƐƚĨƌŝĐĂĨƵƌƚŚĞƌĞǆĂĐĞƌďĂƚĞĚƚŚĞĚŝĨĨŝĐƵůƚƉŽƐŝƚŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŝŶĚƵƐƚƌǇŝŶƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶĂŶĚ ƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚƚŚĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞof public and user’s confidence on operationalĂŶĚĨŝŶĂŶĐŝĂůǀŝĂďŝůŝƚǇŽĨĂŝƌƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚ͘/ƚŝƐƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞĚ ƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƵƐĞƌƐŽĨĂǀŝĂƚŝŽŶƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞĐŝǀŝůƐŽĐŝĞƚǇƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐŽŶƐƵůƚĞĚĂŶĚŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚŝŶƚŚĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĂŶĚŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶŽĨĂǀŝĂƚŝŽŶ WůƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇƉůĂŶƐĂŶĚƉƵďůŝĐŚĞĂůƚŚƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐĂƉƉůŝĞĚƚŽĂŝƌƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚ͘ĂŶŽĨĐƚŝŽŶĨŽƌŶŚĂŶĐŝŶŐŝƌdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚŽŶŶĞĐƚŝǀŝƚǇĂŶĚ'ƌŽǁƚŚŝŶt ĞƐƚĨƌŝĐĂŶZĞŐŝŽŶ ŝ͘ /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĨŽƌƌĞŐƵůĂƌĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂƚŝŽŶǁŝƚŚƵƐĞƌƐ ĂŶĚƚŚĞƉƵďůŝĐŽŶƚŚĞŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌ ^ƚĂƚĞƐ Kt^͕&/K͕ ϮϬϮϭ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚŝŽŶƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐŐĞŶĞƌĂůůǇĂŶĚŽŶƚŚĞǀŝĂƚŝŽŶ ĂŶĚŝW/^ ŽǀŝĚͲϭϵƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇƉůĂŶƐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉƵďůŝĐŚĞĂůƚŚƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐ ĂƉƉůŝĞĚƚŽĂŝƌƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚ͘ ŝŝ͘ /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚƚĂƌŐĞƚĞĚ͕ĨŝƚĨŽƌƉƵƌƉŽƐĞĂŶĚǁĞůůƉƵďůŝĐŝǌĞĚ Kt^͕&͕/K͕ ĂŝƌƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚƉƵďůŝĐŚĞĂůƚŚƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐĂƉƉůŝĞĚŝŶĂŵĂŶŶĞƌ ^ƚĂƚĞƐ t,KͲĨƌŝĐĂ͕ĂŶĚ ϮϬϮϭ ƚŚĂƚĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞĞĂƐǇĐŽŵƉůŝĂŶĐĞďǇƚƌĂǀĞůĞƌƐ͘ ŝW/^ ŝŝŝ͘ /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĨŽƌƌĞŐƵůĂƌĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂƚŝŽŶǁŝƚŚŶŽŶͲ ^ƚĂƚĞƐ͕Kt^͕ ŝW/^ĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌŶŽŶͲ ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůĂŶĚĐŝǀŝůƐŽĐŝĞƚǇŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƚŝŽŶƐƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚŝŶŐ &ĂŶĚ/K ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂů ϮϬϮϭͲϮϬϮϮ ƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚŽĨƵƐĞƌƐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉƵďůŝĐŽŶƚŚĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƚŝŽŶƐ ĂŶĚŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐ͘ ŝǀ͘ ŶŚĂŶĐĞƐĂĨĞƚǇ͕ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ͕ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ͕ƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌŚĞĂůƚŚ͕ /K͕&͕ĂŶĚ ĞĨĨŝĐŝĞŶĐǇ͕ƌĞůŝĂďŝůŝƚǇ͕ĐŽŵĨŽƌƚ͕ĂĨĨŽƌĚĂďŝůŝƚǇ͕ĂŶĚ ^ƚĂƚĞƐ ŝW/^ ŽŶƚŝŶƵŽƵƐ ĐŽŵƉĞƚŝƚŝǀĞŶĞƐƐŽĨĂŝƌƚƌĂǀĞů͘ ǀ͘ ƐƐŝƐƚ ĂŶĚ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ƚŚĞ ĞǆƉĞĚŝƚŝŽƵƐ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ Ăŝƌ h͕&͕/K͕ ƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚ͕ƚŽƵƌŝƐŵ͕ƚƌĂĚĞĂŶĚƌĞůĂƚĞĚƐĞĐƚŽƌƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĂŝŵ ^ƚĂƚĞƐ hEtdK͕Ĩ͕tŽƌůĚ ϮϬϮϭ ƚŽƌĞŝŵĂŐŝŶĞ͕ƌĞǀŝƚĂůŝǌĞĂŶĚƌĞƚŽŽůƚŚĞĂǀŝĂƚŝŽŶƐǇƐƚĞŵŝŶ ĂŶŬ͕ŝW/^ĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌ tĞƐƚĨƌŝĐĂƚŽŵĞĞƚƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂŶĚĨƵƚƵƌĞĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ͘ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐ ĞƚĐ͘

41 | HERMES • THE MAGAZINE #13 › JANUARY - MARCH 2021 WůĂŶŽĨĐƚŝŽŶĨŽƌŶŚĂŶĐŝŶŐŝƌdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚŽŶŶĞĐƚŝǀŝƚǇĂŶĚ'ƌŽǁƚŚŝŶtĞƐƚĨƌŝĐĂŶZĞŐŝŽŶ EVENTS 17-18.03.2021 High level Ministerial Meeting

Enhancing Air Transport Connectivity and Growth in West Africa WĂŐĞϰŽĨϳ ǀŝ͘ ĞǀĞůŽƉ ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚ ŚĂƌŵŽŶŝƐĞĚ Ăŝƌ ƚƌĂǀĞů ƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ^ƚĂƚĞƐĂŶĚKt^ &͕/K͕t,KͲ ƉƵďůŝĐŚĞĂůƚŚƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐĂŶĚƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐĨŽƌƚŚĞtĞƐƚĨƌŝĐĂŶ ĨƌŝĐĂ͕ĨƌŝĐĂŶĂŶĚ ϮϬϮϭ ƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘ ŝW/^ ǀŝŝ͘ ĞǀĞůŽƉĂŶĚŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂũŽŝŶƚĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚĂŶĚƌĞĐŝƉƌŽĐĂů ^ƚĂƚĞƐĂŶĚKt^ &͕/K͕t,KͲ ƉŽůŝĐǇ ŽŶ Ăŝƌ ƚƌĂǀĞů ƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ƉƵďůŝĐ ŚĞĂůƚŚ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĨƌŝĐĂ͕ĨƌŝĐĂŶĂŶĚ ϮϬϮϭ ƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐ͕ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĞĚďǇƚŚŝƌĚƉĂƌƚǇŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚ ŝW/^ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƚŝŽŶƐ͘

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WůĂŶŽĨĐƚŝŽŶĨŽƌŶŚĂŶĐŝŶŐŝƌdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚŽŶŶĞĐƚŝǀŝƚǇĂŶĚ'ƌŽǁƚŚŝŶtĞƐƚĨƌŝĐĂŶZĞŐŝŽŶ WĂŐĞϱŽĨϳ ǀ͘ /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚ Ă ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ ƚŽ ĞŶĂďůĞ ƌĞŐƵůĂƌ ĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ^ƚĂƚĞƐ͕Kt^͕ ŝW/^ ϮϬϮϭͲϮϬϮϮ ǁŝƚŚ ŶŽŶͲŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂů ŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƚŝŽŶƐ͕ Đŝǀŝů ƐŽĐŝĞƚǇ &ĂŶĚ/K ŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƚŝŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶ Đŝǀŝů ĂǀŝĂƚŝŽŶ ƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ͕ ƉůĂŶƐ ĂŶĚ 17-18.03.2021 High level Ministerial Meeting EVENTSƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐ͘ ǀŝ͘ KƌŐĂŶŝǌĞ EŽŶͲŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂů ŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƚŝŽŶƐ͕ ĂŶĚ Đŝǀŝů ŝW/^ ^ƚĂƚĞƐ͕Kt^͕ ϮϬϮϭͲϮϬϮϮ ƐŽĐŝĞƚǇ ŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƚŝŽŶƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ Đŝǀŝů ĂǀŝĂƚŝŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƌĞůĂƚĞĚ &͕/KĂŶĚ ƐĞĐƚŽƌƐ ƵŶĚĞƌ ĂŶ ƵŵďƌĞůůĂ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƚŝŽŶ ĨŽƌ Ă ŵŽƌĞ ŽŶŽƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ ĞĨĨĞĐƚŝǀĞƉĂƌƚŝĐŝƉĂƚŝŽŶĂƚƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůĂŶĚŐůŽďĂůĂǀŝĂƚŝŽŶ EnhancingůĞǀĞůƐ͘tŝƚŚŝŶŽŶĞǇĞĂƌ͘ Air Transport Connectivity and Growth in West Africa

ϱ͘ d/s/d/Êd/KE^ > ^hWWKZd/E' d/D>/E^ KZ'E/d/KE Zs/d>/ÊZWK^/d/KEd,/ZdZE^WKZd/Eh^dZz/Ed,Z'/KE /ŶĚƵƐƚƌǇŽƉĞƌĂƚŽƌƐĂŶĚƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐĂŝƌůŝŶĞƐ͕ĂŝƌƉŽƌƚƐ͕ĂŝƌŶĂǀŝŐĂƚŝŽŶƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘ƐŚŽƵůĚƌĞǀŝĞǁƚŚĞŝƌďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐ ŵŽĚĞůƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚ ŝŶŶŽǀĂƚŝǀĞ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƐŽůƵƚŝŽŶƐ ƚŽ ĞŶƐƵƌĞ ůŽŶŐ ƚĞƌŵ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďŝůŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ Ăŝƌ ƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐŝŶƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘ ŝ͘ ZĞǀŝĞǁĂŶĚĂĚĂƉƚƉůĂŶƐ͕ďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐŵŽĚĞůƐĂŶĚŽƉĞƌĂƚŝŽŶƐ ƚŽ ŽǀĞƌĐŽŵĞ ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶƐƵƌĞ ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ ŝƌůŝŶĞƐ͕ĂŝƌƉŽƌƚƐ͕ ^ƚĂƚĞƐ͕Ĩ͕/d͕ ŽŶƚŝŶƵŽƵƐ ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚĨƵƚƵƌĞƌŝƐŬƐ͘ E^WƐĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌ / ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐ ŝŝ͘ WƌŽŵŽƚĞĂŶĚĂƉƉůǇŝŶŶŽǀĂƚŝǀĞƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ͕ĚŝŐŝƚĂůŝǌĞĚ ^ƚĂƚĞƐ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂů ŽŶƚŝŶƵŽƵƐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ͕ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐĂŶĚƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĂŝƌƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚ KƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƚŝŽŶƐ͕ ĂŶĚƌĞůĂƚĞĚƐĞĐƚŽƌƐ͘ E'KƐ͕ŽƉĞƌĂƚŽƌƐ ĂŶĚƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐ ŝŝŝ͘ ŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƚŝŽŶĂŶĚƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉĂŵŽŶŐĂŝƌůŝŶĞƐŝŶ ^ƚĂƚĞƐ Kt^͕&͕ ŽŶƚŝŶƵŽƵƐ tĞƐƚĨƌŝĐĂ͕ďǇƉƵƚƚŝŶŐŝŶƉůĂĐĞƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐƚŚĂƚĂůůŽǁƐĐƌŽƐƐ &ZĂŶĚ/K WĂŐĞϲŽĨϳ ďŽƌĚĞƌŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚƐĂŵŽŶŐŵĞŵďĞƌ^ƚĂƚĞƐ͘ WĂŐĞϲŽĨϳ ŝǀ ůů ĨŽƌŵƐ ŽĨ ƌĞŐƵůĂƚŽƌǇ ŝŵƉĞĚŝŵĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƐƚƌĂŝŶƚƐ ŽŶ ^ƚĂƚĞƐ /K͕&͕ ŽŶƚŝŶƵŽƵƐ ŝǀ ŽŶƚŝŶƵŽƵƐ WůĂŶŽĨĐŐƌĂŶƚŝŶŐůůƚŝŽŶ ĨŽƌŵƐĨŽƌŶ ŽĨŚ ŽĨĂŶ ƌĞŐƵůĂƚŽƌǇƚƌĂĨĨŝĐĐŝŶŐŝƌd ƌŝŐŚƚƐƌĂŶ ŝŵƉĞĚŝŵĞŶƚƐƐƉŽ ƚŽƌƚŽ ĂŝƌůŝŶĞƐŶŶĞĐƚŝǀŝ ĂŶĚƚǇ ŝŶĂŶ ƚŚĞĐŽŶƐƚƌĂŝŶƚƐĚ'ƌŽ ƌĞŐŝŽŶǁƚŚŝŶt ŽŶ ƚŽĞƐƚ^ƚĂƚĞƐĨƌŝĐĂŶZĞŐŝŽŶ Kt^ĂŶĚ/K͕&͕ ŐƌĂŶƚŝŶŐ ŽĨ ƚƌĂĨĨŝĐ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ ƚŽ ĂŝƌůŝŶĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌĞŐŝŽŶ ƚŽ Kt^ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞŝŶƚƌĂƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůƚƌĂǀĞůƐƐŚŽƵůĚďĞƌĞŵŽǀĞĚ͘ ŝW/^ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞŝŶƚƌĂƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůƚƌĂǀĞůƐƐŚŽƵůĚďĞƌĞŵŽǀĞĚ͘ ŝW/^ ǀ ƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞ ƌĞŐƵůĂƚŝŽŶƐ ƚŽ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ƚŚĞ ŽƉĞƌĂƚŝŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ^ƚĂƚĞƐ /K͕&͕ ŽŶƚŝŶƵŽƵƐ ǀ ŽŶƚŝŶƵŽƵƐ ĚŝŐŝƚĂůŝǌĂƚŝŽŶŽĨĂŝƌĐĂƌŐŽŽƉĞƌĂƚŝŽŶƐŝŶƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶŝŶŽƌĚĞƌƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞ ƌĞŐƵůĂƚŝŽŶƐ ƚŽ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ƚŚĞ ŽƉĞƌĂƚŝŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ^ƚĂƚĞƐ Kt^ĂŶĚ/K͕&͕ ĚŝŐŝƚĂůŝǌĂƚŝŽŶŽĨĂŝƌĐĂƌŐŽŽƉĞƌĂƚŝŽŶƐŝŶƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶŝŶŽƌĚĞƌ Kt^ĂŶĚ ƚŽŵĂǆŝŵŝƐĞƚŚĞďĞŶĞĨŝƚƐŽĨƚŚĞĨƌŝĐĂŶŽŶƚŝŶĞŶƚĂů&ƌĞĞ ŝW/^ dƌĂĚĞŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ;Ĩ&dͿƐŚŽƵůĚďĞƉƵƚŝŶƉůĂĐĞ͘ƚŽŵĂǆŝŵŝƐĞƚŚĞďĞŶĞĨŝƚƐŽĨƚŚĞĨƌŝĐĂŶŽŶƚŝŶĞŶƚĂů&ƌĞĞ ŝW/^ dƌĂĚĞŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ;Ĩ&dͿƐŚŽƵůĚďĞƉƵƚŝŶƉůĂĐĞ͘ ǀŝ ^ƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĂŶĚ ĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ ďĞ ŐŝǀĞŶ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĚƵƐƚƌǇ ƚŽ ^ƚĂƚĞƐ͕ŝƌůŝŶĞƐ͕ /K͕&͕ ŽŶƚŝŶƵŽƵƐ ǀŝ ŽŶƚŝŶƵŽƵƐ ƐĂĨĞŐƵĂƌĚƚŚĞĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŝƌƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů͕ǁŚŽƐŚŽƵůĚ^ƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĂŶĚ ĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ ďĞ ŐŝǀĞŶ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĚƵƐƚƌǇ ƚŽ ĂŝƌƉŽƌƚƐ͕E^WƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐ͕ŝƌůŝŶĞƐ͕ Kt^/K͕&͕͕ŝW/^͕ ďĞƐĂĨĞŐƵĂƌĚƚŚĞĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŝƌƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů͕ǁŚŽƐŚŽƵůĚ ƌĞƚƌĂŝŶĞĚ ƚŽ ĂĐƋƵŝƌĞ ǀĞƌƐĂƚŝůĞ ƐŬŝůůƐ ŝŶ ŽƌĚĞƌ ƚŽ ŽƚŚĞƌƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐĂŝƌƉŽƌƚƐ͕E^WƐĂŶĚ &Z͕/͕/d͕Kt^͕ŝW/^͕ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞƚŽƚŚĞŽŶŐŽŝŶŐƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇĂŶĚƌĞƉŽƐŝƚŝŽŶŝŶŐŽĨďĞ ƌĞƚƌĂŝŶĞĚ ƚŽ ĂĐƋƵŝƌĞ ǀĞƌƐĂƚŝůĞ ƐŬŝůůƐ ŝŶ ŽƌĚĞƌ ƚŽ ŽƚŚĞƌƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐ E^K͕/d&͕ĂŶĚ&Z͕/͕/d͕ ƚŚĞĂŝƌƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚŝŶĚƵƐƚƌǇŝŶtĞƐƚĨƌŝĐĂĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞƚŽƚŚĞŽŶŐŽŝŶŐƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇĂŶĚƌĞƉŽƐŝƚŝŽŶŝŶŐŽĨ dKE^K͕/d&͕ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞĂŝƌƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚŝŶĚƵƐƚƌǇŝŶtĞƐƚĨƌŝĐĂ dK ϲ͘ d/s/d/Êd/KE^ > ^hWWKZd/E' d/D>/E^ ϲ͘ d/s/d/Êd/KE^ > KZ'E/d/KE^hWWKZd/E' d/D>/E^ &K>>KtͲhWd/KEEDKE/dKZ/E' KZ'E/d/KE &K>>KtͲhWd/KEEDKE/dKZ/E' dŚĞ ĐŽŶƚŝŶƵŽƵƐ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĂŶĚ ĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂů ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƚŝŽŶƐ͕ Đŝǀŝů ƐŽĐŝĞƚǇ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƚŝŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐ͕ ĞƚĐ͕͘ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĨĂŝƌƚƌĂdŚĞ ĐŽŶƚŝŶƵŽƵƐ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚŶƐƉŽƌƚŝŶtĞƐƚĨƌŝĐĂŶZĞŐŝŽŶĂƌĞ ĂŶĚ ĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞĚ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƚŝŽŶƐ͘ĚĚŝƚŝŽŶĂůůǇ͕͕ Đŝǀŝů ƐŽĐŝĞƚǇĂŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬƚŽŵŽŶŝƚŽƌƚŚĞŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƚŝŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐ͕ ĞƚĐ͕͘ ƚŽ ƚŚĞŽĨ ƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůƉůĂŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĨĂŝƌƚƌĂƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚ͘ŶƐƉŽƌƚŝŶtĞƐƚĨƌŝĐĂŶZĞŐŝŽŶĂƌĞ ĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞĚ͘ĚĚŝƚŝŽŶĂůůǇ͕ĂŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬƚŽŵŽŶŝƚŽƌƚŚĞŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶŽĨ ƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůƉůĂŶƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚ͘ ŝ͘ ƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĂŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬƚŽŵŽŶŝƚŽƌĂŶĚƌĞƉŽƌƚ ŝ͘ ŽŶƚŚĞŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞZĞŐŝŽŶĂůWůĂŶŽĨĐƚŝŽŶĂƐƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĂŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬƚŽŵŽŶŝƚŽƌĂŶĚƌĞƉŽƌƚ ^ƚĂƚĞƐĂŶĚKt^ &͕/KĂŶĚ ϮϬϮϭ ŽŶƚŚĞŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞZĞŐŝŽŶĂůWůĂŶŽĨĐƚŝŽŶĂƐ ^ƚĂƚĞƐĂŶĚKt^ ŝW/^&͕/K ĂŶĚ ϮϬϮϭ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĞ ĂŶĚ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶ ŽĨ ŝW/^ ĨŽůůŽǁƵƉĂĐƚŝǀŝƚŝĞƐ͘ǁĞůů ĂƐ ŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĞ ĂŶĚ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶ ŽĨ ĨŽůůŽǁƵƉĂĐƚŝǀŝƚŝĞƐ͘ ŝŝ ^ƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ ŽĨ ^ƚĂƚĞƐ ĂŶĚ Kt^͕ ŝƌ ^ƚĂƚĞƐĂŶĚKt^ &͕/KĂŶĚ ŽŶƚŝŶƵŽƵƐ ŝŝ &͕/KĂŶĚ ŽŶƚŝŶƵŽƵƐ dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚ^ƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ ƚŽ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞŽĨ ^ƚĂƚĞƐ ƚŚĞ ĂŶĚ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ Kt^͕ ŝƌ ŽĨ ^ƚĂƚĞƐĂŶĚKt^ ŝW/^ ŝW/^ ƐĞĐƚŽƌĂůĂŶĚƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůWůĂŶŽĨĐƚŝŽŶ͘dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ƚŽ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƐĞĐƚŽƌĂůĂŶĚƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůWůĂŶŽĨĐƚŝŽŶ͘ ŝŝ͘ ŽŶƚŝŶƵĞƚŽƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĂŶĚĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŝƌƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ^ƚĂƚĞƐĂŶĚKt^ h͕&͕ ŽŶƚŝŶƵŽƵƐ ŝŝ͘ ŽŶƚŝŶƵŽƵƐ ŝŶƚŚĞtĞƐƚĨƌŝĐĂŶƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘ŽŶƚŝŶƵĞƚŽƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĂŶĚĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŝƌƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ^ƚĂƚĞƐĂŶĚKt^ &Z͕/K͕h͕&͕ ŝŶƚŚĞtĞƐƚĨƌŝĐĂŶƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘ &Z͕/K͕ ŝW/^͕Ĩ͕tŽƌůĚ ĂŶŬ͕/d͕/͕ŝW/^͕Ĩ͕tŽƌůĚ WĂŐĞϳŽĨϳ ĂŶŬ͕/d͕/͕ WůĂŶŽĨĐƚŝŽŶĨŽƌŶŚĂŶĐŝŶŐŝƌdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚŽŶŶĞĐƚŝǀŝƚǇĂŶĚ'ƌŽǁƚŚŝŶtĞƐƚĨƌŝĐĂŶZĞŐŝŽŶ hEtdK͕E^K͕ WůĂŶŽĨĐƚŝŽŶĨŽƌŶŚĂŶĐŝŶŐŝƌdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚŽŶŶĞĐƚŝǀŝƚǇĂŶĚ'ƌŽǁƚŚŝŶtĞƐƚĨƌŝĐĂŶZĞŐŝŽŶ Ê͕ĞƚĐ͘ —E—

43 | HERMES • THE MAGAZINE #13 › JANUARY - MARCH 2021

WůĂŶŽĨĐƚŝŽŶĨŽƌŶŚĂŶĐŝŶŐŝƌdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚŽŶŶĞĐƚŝǀŝƚǇĂŶĚ'ƌŽǁƚŚŝŶtĞƐƚĨƌŝĐĂŶZĞŐŝŽŶ Appendix to Communique 17-18.03.2021 High level Ministerial Meeting EVENTS High- Level Ministerial Meeting on EnhancingAppendix Air to CommuniqueTransport th ConnectivityHigh- Level Ministerial and Growth Meeting in West on Africa, EnhancingAppendix 17-18 Air to March CommuniqueTransport 2021 ConnectivityHigh-Level Ministerial and Growth Meeting in West on Africa, Enhancing 17-18 Airth March Transport 2021 Enhancing Air Transport Connectivity and Growthth in West Africa LIST OFConnectivity STATES and Growth in West Africa, 17-18 March 2021 L IST OF STATES APPENDIX TO COMMUNIQUE ECOWASLIST OF STATES member Sates: ECOWAS 1. Benin member Sates: 2. Cabo Verde ECOWAS1. Benin member Sates: 3. Côte d'Ivoire 2. Cabo Verde 4.1. GambiaBenin 3. Côte d'Ivoire 5.2. GhanaCabo Verde 4. Gambia 6.3. LiberiaCôte d'Ivoire 5. Ghana 7.4. MaliGambia 6. Liberia 8.5. NigerGhana 7. Mali 9.6. NigeriaLiberia 8. Niger 10.7. SenegalMali 9. Nigeria 11.8. SierraNiger Leone 10. Senegal 12.9. TogoNigeria 10.11. SenegalSierra Leone Other11.12. States: SierraTogo Leone Other13.12. States: CameroonTogo 14. Equatorial Guinea Other13. States: Cameroon 15. Guyana 14. Equatorial Guinea 16.13. JamaicaCameroon 15.14. EquatorialGuyana Guinea 15.16. GuyanaJamaica LIST 16. OF Jamaica ORGANISATION S LIST 1. OFAfrica ORGANISATION Airlines AssociationS (AFRAA) 2. African Civil Aviation Commission (AFCAC) LIST1. OFAfrica ORGANISATION Airlines AssociationS (AFRAA) 3. African Development Bank (AfDB) 2. African Civil Aviation Commission (AFCAC) 1.4. AfricaAfrican Airlines Union CommissionAssociation (AFRAA) (AUC) 3. African Development Bank (AfDB) 5.2. AfricanAgency Civilfor Aerial Aviation Navigation Commission Safety (AFCAC) in Africa (ASECNA) 4. African Union Commission (AUC) 3.6. AfricanAirport CouncilDevelopment International Bank (AfDB) (ACI) 5. Agency for Aerial Navigation Safety in Africa (ASECNA) 4.7. AfricanBanjul Accord Union CommissionGroup Accident (AUC) Investigation Agency (BAGAIA) 6. Airport Council International (ACI) 5.8. AgencyBanjul Accord for Aerial Group Navigation Aviation Safety Safety in Oversight Africa (ASECNA) Organisation (BAGASSO) 7. Banjul Accord Group Accident Investigation Agency (BAGAIA) 6.9. AirportCivil Air Council Navigation International Services (ACI)Organisation (CANSO) 8. Banjul Accord Group Aviation Safety Oversight Organisation (BAGASSO) 7.10. BanjulEconomic Accord Community Group Accident of West InvestigationAfrican States Agency (ECOWAS) (BAGAIA) 9. Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation (CANSO) 8.11. BanjulHermes Accord - Air Transport Group Aviation Organisation Safety Oversight Organisation (BAGASSO) 10. Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) 12.9. InternationalCivil Air Navigation Air Transport Services Association Organisation (IATA) (CANSO) 11. Hermes - Air Transport Organisation ϭ 13.10. InternationalEconomic Community Civil Aviation of West Organization African States (ICAO) (ECOWAS) 14.11. InternationalHermes - Air FederationTransport Organisation of Air Line Pilots Associations (IFALPA) ϭ 15. International Partners for Aviation Development, Innovation and Sustainability ϭ (iPADIS) 16. International Transport Workers' Federation (ITF) 17. United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) 18. World Bank 19. World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC)

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Ϯ EVENTS 19.04.2021 Meeting The Latin America Air Transport Sector in the Post COVID-19 Era: Resilience and Efficiency Through Leadership and Cooperation Organisers:

Media Partner:

Join Zoom Meeting https://aegean-gr.zoom.us/j/97050675228 45 | HERMES • THE MAGAZINE #13 › JANUARY - MARCH 2021 EVENTS 19.04.2021 Meeting

The Latin America Air Transport Sector in the Post COVID-19 Era: Resilience and Efficiency Through Leadership and Cooperation

Hermes – Air Transport Organisation and Aeronautica Civil de Colombia co-organised an insightful online event regarding the issues, challenges and opportunities which may arise, on the Latin American Air Transport market, in the post COVID-19 era. The panel consisted of a great variety of aviation stakeholders, who shared their opinions regarding the needed actions which will provide resilience and efficiency to the industry through mutual efforts and initiatives.

Juan Carlos Salazar, Director General, Aeronautica Civil de Colombia, and Dr Kostas Iatrou, Director General, Hermes – Air Transport Organisation, presented their welcome speeches by pointing out the major challenges in the Latin American market, which occurred due to Covid-19 pandemic, as well as the importance of Leadership and Cooperation for the future of the air transport industry.

The first keynote speaker, Salvatore Sciacchitano, President of the Council, ICAO, addressed to the Juan Carlos severe impact of COVID-19 on the Air Transport Industry Salazar, by mentioning that ICAO is projecting an overall global Director General, Aeronautica Civil reduction in passenger volumes of between 41-50% de Colombia, for 2021, compared to the 60% reduction it monitored

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The Latin America Air Transport Sector in the Post COVID-19 Era: Resilience and Efficiency Through Leadership and Cooperation

Dr Kostas Iatrou, Director General, Hermes – Salvatore Sciacchitano, President of the Air Transport Organisation Council, ICAO for 2020. Following his speech, he emphasised on the major challenge, among aviation leaders, as they significant downturns on the global and regional air have to choose between acceleration of digitization travel which continue to present high liquidity strains or higher passenger expectations for healthier and to all aviation related companies, as well as across more sustainable travel options. At last, Salvatore the full extent of the air transport and tourism value Sciacchitano identified the multidimensional nature of chain. The President highlighted, once again, how the the Covid-19 crisis as well as the importance of the new regional air cargo liberalization agreement which ICAO Council’s Aviation Recovery Task Force (CART) will help on the distribution of the vaccine and long- provides the guidelines and recommendations for an term recovery across Latin America. international alignment of measures and the promotion of a more effective public-private cooperation among As the second keynote speaker, Luis Felipe de governments and the aviation industry. The Phase Oliveira, Director General of ACI, expressed III of the CART’s guidance and recommendations his optimism for the future due to surge of global lays the foundation for the creation of public health vaccinations, easing of several country restrictions travel corridors, promotion of safe and efficient global as well as falling infection statistics. He identified the vaccine distribution and multilateral cargo air services, vulnerability of the air transport sector to events of such and encourages standardized COVID-19 testing scale as well as that the insurance of the highest level certificates for secure international use. A short- of safety and security for passengers and operations term success with these strategies will establish risk is industry’s top priority. The challenges which management strategies for a gradual route opening. arise of such events provide great opportunities for Moreover, he long-term implications identified as cooperation among the aviation sector. Luis Felipe de

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The Latin America Air Transport Sector in the Post COVID-19 Era: Resilience and Efficiency Through Leadership and Cooperation

Luis Felipe de Oliveira, Director General Jeff Poole, President of Hermes – of ACI Air Transport Organisation

Oliveira recognised ICAO Council Aviation Recovery its significance for the distribution of the Covid-19 Task Force (CART) as an example which enables vaccine. He identified that external parties have great collaboration among governments and between impact on the decision making process as well as new governments and the industry. He also welcomed business models need to be adopted as the aviation Phase III of CART’s guidelines and presented Airport environment influenced by several factors. Health Accreditation programme for the support of global coordination of new measures and recovery. Juan Carlos Salazar, Director General of Aeronautica The highly involving programme consists of almost Civil de Colombia, initiated the event by addressing 600 participants, which represent 70% of the global to three major factors which the industry need to rely passenger traffic and aims to the prioritisation of in order to restore the confidence both from travellers health and safety as well as harmonisation of global as well as the authorities and these are: leadership, guidelines. Director General referred to the need for cooperation and good communication. Based on an establishment of a sustainable plan for the future of the CART’s guidelines, he presented Colombia’s the airports and identified that Latin America could be plan to face the pandemic which consisted of the a great contributor to this effort. He concluded that the Recovery Plan and the Establishment of health next months will be crucial, however through continuous protocols both for domestic and international travel. effort of international solidarity and collaboration the The holistic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic affected industry can face this great challenge. every air transport stakeholder, in different levels, however in order to face such great challenge the As the moderator, Jeff Poole, President of Hermes – Latin American market needs to establish leadership Air Transport Organisation, addressed to significance and cooperation guidelines. He highlighted the of such event due to the importance of air connectivity need of implementation of certain guidelines for the between the Latin American countries as well as harmonisation of several processes and decisions

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The Latin America Air Transport Sector in the Post COVID-19 Era: Resilience and Efficiency Through Leadership and Cooperation

Jaime Binder, Secretary General of Latin- José Ricardo Botelho, Executive Director & American Civil Aviation Commission (LACAC) CEO of ALTA while he admitted that is vital for the industry to initiate recommendations are vital for the recovery and future joint actions with other sectors. Juan Carlos Salazar of the industry. At last, Secretary General identified recognised that a viable recovery demands the sustainable aviation and technology as the main pillars participation of multiple partners, including people which the industry can rely on for the recovery as well from the local governments. At last, Director General as the affordability of the air transport among the Latin pointed out that the challenge for the industry is American region. He also pointed out his optimism to implement CART’s guidelines in order to create on the recovery of aviation and his trust on the system. health corridors and reboot domestic and international traffic. José Ricardo Botelho, Executive Director & CEO of ALTA first admitted that it’s time for all parties to Jaime Binder, Secretary General of Latin-American start cooperating but also identified the different Civil Aviation Commission (LACAC) recognised that approaches on both governmental as well as a global crisis demands global solutions. However, in operational level. He highlighted the major importance the Latin American region authorities implement more of aviation for the Latin American-Caribbean region nationalist, and not multilateral, approaches to face the and its unique role to connect the different countries. pandemic. Moreover, the governments do not have The Executive Director & CEO of ALTA presented the ability to support the air transport sector as others his strong belief that harmonisation of processes have extensively done. According to Jaime Binder, and strategies are fundamental for a viable future the multidimensional crisis has increased the lack of towards a post COVID-19 era. He mentioned people’s confidence as well as on the current situation that the industry has presented itself to safe nobody can guarantee any prediction regarding the and now it is time to properly communicate it. end of the pandemic. He recognised the CART initiative As the air transport sector represents 15% of the total as the main tool for the provision of guidelines and its GDP for the region, José Ricardo Botelho highlighted

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The Latin America Air Transport Sector in the Post COVID-19 Era: Resilience and Efficiency Through Leadership and Cooperation

Dr Rafael Echevarne, Director General Javier Vanegas, Director of Latin America and of ACI-LAC Caribbean Affairs, CANSO the importance of the implementation of COVID-19 harmonisation of the processes still play crucial role passports, as well as Test, by pointing out the existing on implementation of common actions and protocols. Latin American market experience from previous years. He stated that now is the opportunity for the industry He concluded by mentioned that the tools which the to challenge the strict regimes towards air travel, when industry has right now can be used to reach the light at the same time he totally supports an extended out of the darkness. The use of right information, the cooperation of all aviation stakeholders at a time when harmonised processes as well as the ICAO guidelines the industry has both the protocols as well as the will provide a safer sector. guidelines to achieve this.

Dr Rafael Echevarne, Director General of ACI- Javier Vanegas, Director of Latin America and LAC addressed to the heavy losses for the Latin Caribbean Affairs, CANSO, recognised the vital role American Airport sector, while he mentioned the of the airline industry during the difficult times of the essential character of aviation for the region. pandemic. However, he mentioned the great amount However, he mentioned that infrastructure remains of job losses as well as other impacts of the pandemic a major challenge for the airports and the current to the air transport industry. He referred to the provided situation does not provide any positive results so far. policies and introduction of frameworks and guidelines He discussed phenomenon of airports of two for the aviation sector, in order to ensure its resilience. different shifts by highlighting the recovery of Mr Vanegas identified that nature of the industry is domestic and international capacity of certain to adapt rapidly and establish collaborations for its airports of the region in addition with others. viability and continuum. Although, Javier Vanegas In contrast with the other speakers, Dr Rafael addressed to the great impact of governmental Echevarne identifies technology as the biggest ally decisions on the air travel which concluded to even towards recovery from the pandemic. Moreover, the more decline of the South American capacity.

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The Latin America Air Transport Sector in the Post COVID-19 Era: Resilience and Efficiency Through Leadership and Cooperation

He concluded that air transport industry remains safe and this needs to be addressed to the world. The main goal has to be a joint effort between aviation stakeholders and regional governments.

Jeff Peet, Managing Editor of América Latina Aeronoticias (ALA) focused on the communication of the proper messages. He identified the strong effort that has been done both from the companies as well as the governments. He recognises technology as the key factor for safety and recovery, however he insisted on the definition of a common messaging strategy. He stated that the aviation industry needs to communicate the value of air transport beyond the tourism level. Furthermore, he addressed to the future of the industry which will be closely connected to sustainability. As part of the industry’s future, environmental policies, inequality issues as well as social responsibility campaigns need to become part of aviation sector’s new normality. He concludes referring to the crisis as an opportunity and that communication Jeff Peet, Managing Editor of América Latina could be the right tool for harmonisation. Aeronoticias (ALA)

Summarising what has been said, Juan Carlos Salazar highlighted the following outcomes:

¢ Recognition of efforts towards harmonisation with the CART guidelines

¢ Major challenges in the region demand effective implementation of strategies

¢ Reactivation of the air connectivity in the rest of the world in contrast with the Latin American region

¢ A global crisis requires harmonisation of the processes

¢ The help of the regional authorities is vital for the recovery of the industry

¢ Major capacity decrease in the region requires strong implementation of technology in the future

¢ The continuity of air connectivity is essential for Latin America

¢ The importance of communication in order to communicate the right message

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DecemberDecember 20 2020 AirAir Passenger Passenger Market Market Analysis Analysis PassengerPassenger volumes volumes did did not not improve improve in inDecember December

• number• of confirmed cases reached record-high level the relaxation of restrictions indicates that there is a DecemberDecember figures figures confirm confirm that thatthe recoverythe recovery in air in travel air travel has hasbeen been stagnating stagnating. Industry. Industry-wide-wide revenue revenue passenger passenger- - in January. New, more aggressive, virus mutations pent-up demand for flying (Chart 4). Therefore, once kilometreskilometres (RPKs) (RPKs) fell byfell 69.7% by 69.7% year year-on--yearon-year, which, which was wasbroadly broadly in line in withline with the declinesthe declines in November in November and andOctober October. . resulted in travel bans in several key markets including the virus is defeated globally, and this demand is In 2020In 2020 as a aswhole, a whole, passenger passenger traffic traffic plunged plunged by 6 by6% 6 –6 %by –far by the far sharpestthe sharpest decline decline in the in aviationthe aviation history. history. the UK. Although vaccine rollout is good news for air released, the RPKs rebound should accelerate. • • travelThe TheRPK, the RPK reboundimmunization rebound has has beenhas been impacted slowimpacted so by far a,by andsharp a itsharp will spike spike in COVID in COVID-19 -cases19 cases and andnew newtravel travel restrictions. restrictions. Forward Forward 2020 load factors in record lows despite capacity cuts takebookings bookingstime havebefore have been itsSTATISTICS been impactfalling falling sharply is reflected sharply since since in late passenger -lateDecember-December , which, which points points to a tochallenging a challenging start start for 2021 for 2021. . • • Airlines had been cautious about adding capacity numbers.In 2020,In 2020, the For inthe now,dustry in dustrywillingness-wide-wide passenger to passenger travel load is low load factor – atfactor least was was on average on average 17.8 17.8 percentage percentage points points lower lower vs. 2019, vs. 2019, at 64.8%. at 64.8%. based on the evidence from bookings for future travel back to the market during Q4 amidst slowing demand No air travel improvement in the fourth quarter International markets have been impacted to a greater whichNo air weretravel down improvement ~70%yoy in in the January fourth ( Chartquarter 3) . recoveryInternational. The marketsindustry -havewide been available impacted seat-kilometres to a greater extentextent than than domestic domestic routes routes since since many many countries countries The Theglobal global resurgence resurgence of the of thevirus virus and andthe therelated related (ASKs) fell by 56.7% year-on-year in December – a Chart 3: Y/y change in net passenger bookings, global closedclosed their their borders borders or imposed or imposed travel travel regulations regulations to to number of confirmed cases reached record-high level the relaxation of restrictions indicates that there is a shutdowns haltedTicket bookings, the purchaseair travel date recovery during the similar decline as in the previous two months. In 2020 shutdowns20% halted the airDEC travel recovery 2020: during the limit the virus spread. In December, international RPKs in January. New, more aggressive, virus mutations pent-up demand for flying (Chart 4). Therefore, once limit the virus spread. In December, international RPKs fourthfourth quarter quarter of the of year.the year. The Theindustry industry-wide-wide revenue revenue as a whole, seat capacity was down 56.5% – about 0% werewere down down 85.3 85.3%yoy%yoy – just – justa 13 a ppts13 ppts improvement improvement resulted in travel bans in several key markets including the virus is defeated globally, and this demand is passengerpassenger-kilometres-kilometres (RP Ks(RP) fellKs) byfell 69.7%by 69.7% year year-on--on- 9ppts smaller contraction than in RPKs. fromfrom the thepeak peak of theof thecrisis crisis in Aprilin April. In . contrast,In contrast, the UK. Although vaccine rollout is good news for air released, the RPKs rebound should accelerate.

year year, which was a similar contraction as in November year- -20%, which was a similar contraction as in November Globaldomestic passenger markets load factor saw (PLF)RPK contractionremained in recordreduced by travel, the immunization has been slow so far, and it will

on Air Passenger Market Analysis domestic markets saw RPK contraction reduced by (-- 70.4%)(-70.4%) and andOctober October (-70.6%) (-70.6%). In .month In month-on--monthon-month 2020 load factors in record lows despite capacity cuts lowshalf halfoverin December,over the samethe same periodat 57.5%.period (Chart (ChartOverall, 2). However, 2). 2020However, wasdespite daespite take time before its impact is reflected in passenger terms,-40%terms, passenger passenger volumes volumes ticked ticked up byup ~by4% ~ 4%– the – the Actual bookings dismalthesethese differencesyear differences for this, the ,metric biggerthe bigger sincepicture picture the remains majority remains that thatofthe the numbers. For now, willingness to travel is low – at least Airlines had been cautious about adding capacity second weakest growth since the air travel recovery second-60% weakest growth since the air travel recovery carriers struggled to adjust their capacity fast enough back to the market during Q4 amidst slowing demand % change year air travelair travel recovery recovery has haspaused paused across across both both domestic domestic based on the evidence from bookings for future travel startedstarted in May in May (Chart (Chart 1). 1). toand collapsing andinternational international passenger market markets towardsnumberss towards the and yearthe frequentlyyear end .end . which were down ~70%yoy in January (Chart 3). recovery. The industry-wide available seat-kilometres -80% 7-day moving average changing travel restrictions. On average, the global (ASKs) fell by 56.7% year-on-year in December – a ChartChart 1 – Air 1 – passenger Air passenger volumes volumes Chart 2 – Year-on-year change in domestic and Chart 3: Y/y change in net passenger bookings, global PLFChart was 2 17.8ppts – Year- loweron-year vs. 2019,change at 64.8%.in domestic and similar decline as in the previous two months. In 2020 -100%Industry RPKs (billion per month) 20% Ticket bookings, purchase date IndustryJan-20 RPKs (billionMar-20 per month)May-20 Jul-20 Sep-20 Nov-20 Jan-21 international RPKs, global level n900umber of confirmed cases reached record-high level internationalthe relaxation RPKs, of global restrictions level indicates that there is a 900 Purchase date as a whole, seat capacity was down 56.5% – about Source: IATA Economics using data from DDS Chart 5% year– Passenger-on-year RPK change load factors by region in January. New, moreActual aggressive,Actual virus mutations % yearpent-on-yearup RPKdemand change for flying (Chart 4). Therefore, once 0% 800 800 Dec 2020 Dec 2019 9ppts smaller contraction than in RPKs. resulted in travel bans in several key markets including 20%the20% virus is defeated globally, and this demand is All-time Dec low* All-time Dec high* ϱϳ͘ϱй ϴϮ͘ϭй

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Looking Africa Dec 2020 Nov 2020 consideredAfrica to be-68.8% the most severe aviation crisis prior onLooking-year,Looking justahead, aahead, 3ppts the first theuptick firstquarter v squarter. November of the of yearthe (Chart year will remain will6). remain Chinaconsidered – but more to be recently the-75.8% most also severe in Australia aviation – crisisfollowing prior PLF was 17.8ppts lower vs. 2019, at 64.8%. ϱϭ͘ϲй ϴϱ͘ϰй -100% Industry -42.9% ahead, governments will continue to provide N. America to 2020.Jan-20 Mar-20 May-20 Jul-20 Sep-20 Nov-20 Jan-21 extremelyextremely challenging challenging for forthe the-airline41.2% airline industry industry. The. The toL. 2020. America -76.2% Carriers in Africa posted the lowest international RPK significant fiscal and monetary stimulus, while Chart 4: COVID-19-78.7% and RPKPurchase developmentsdate in China Source: IATA Economics using data from DDS DomesticChart China 5 – Passenger load factors by region-7.6% Chart 6 – International RPK growth, yearly (airline the best performers last year due to ϰϰ͘Ϭйa quickϳϳ͘ϯй -6.3% Middle East decline of all regions in December (-68.8%yoy),Dec 2020 andDec 2019 vaccines will help to reduce the infection rates. This 80,000N. America 69,669 -79.6% 100% region of registration basis) containment of the virus in spring and solid economic Air passenger market overview - December 2020 -12.0% Air passenger market-82.8% overview - December 2020 alsoDomestic showed Russia the most resilientAll-time Dec outcome low* All-time Dec for high* the yearϱϳ͘ϱй ϴϮ͘ϭй should ensure that the economic rebound continues 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Virus containment is the key driver in the short80% -term -23.0% Dec 2020 Nov 2020 60,000 Industry recovery. ItsWĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌůŽĂĚĨĂĐƚŽƌƐ;йŽĨĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞƐĞĂƚŬŵƐ͕ĂĐƚƵĂůͿ RPKs were 30.8% lower in 2020 vs. 2019. -82.3% World DecemberDecember 2020 2020 (% year-on-year) (% year-on-year)as a whole, at -69.8%.20202020 calendarThe calendarregion year has year(% year-on-year) benefitted (% year-on-year) from Europe World Domestic Brazil -33.0% intoIndustry 2021. Indeed, the IMF became recently more Sources: IATA Economics, IATA Monthly Statistics -87.0% 1 1 60% 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 -85.3% *Data from 1990 onwards 40,000The economic sharebackdrop continuesRPK to lookASK positivePLF (%-pt) PLF (level) RPK ASK-34.5%PLF (%-pt) ϳϯ͘ϬйPLF (level)ϴϮ͘ϯй -88.3% share RPK ASK PLF (%-pt) PLFrelatively (level)L. America less strictRPK internationalASK PLFtravel (%-pt) restrictionsPLF (level) optimistic about 2021 GDP growth, revising their Chart 8 – Domestic RPK growth by market 40% -42.7% MiddleTOTAL East MARKET -82.6% 100.0% -69.7% -56.7% -24.6% Domestic57.5% India -65.9% -56.5% -17.8% 64.8% Dec 2020 Nov 2020 TOTAL20,000 despiteMARKET the-86.1% current100.0% spike -69.7%of the virus-56.7% and the renewed-24.6% compared57.5% to the-65.9% rest of the-56.5% world.-49.5% -17.8% 64.8% Africa -68.8% New virus cases in China 20% ϲϭ͘ϲй ϴϭ͘ϲй forecast upwards by-75.8% 0.3ppts, to 5.1%. Recovery in international traffic remains slow International 45.7% -85.3% 3,208 -74.5% -34.7% Asia47.0% Pacific -75.6% -68.1% -19.2% 62.8% Industry -42.9% Internationalrestrictions. Business45.7% confidence-85.3% picked-74.5% up following-34.7% Domestic47.0% Japan -75.6% -68.1%-50.4% -19.2% 62.8% Asia Pacific0 -94.7% 0% -39.1% -41.2% -95.0% Latin American and North American airlines ended the L. America -76.2% International demand did not show any significant Domestic Domestic 54.3%54.3% -42.9%-42.9% -25.7%-25.7% -19.1%-19.1% 63.7%63.7% -48.8%-48.8% -35.7%-35.7% -17.0%-17.0% ϱϳ͘ϴй66.6%ϴϯ͘Ϭй66.6% For now, the health crisis remains critical but there is a the peak of the crisis and the global purchasing -78.7% -7.6% 1 2 -8% -20% 3 Domestic EuropeUSA -63.1% Domestic China 1 -20,000% of industry RPKs in 2020 2 Year-on-year change in load factor 3 yearLoad with factor RPKslevel down -76.2%-59.6% & -79.6%, respectively. improvement in December; RPKs fell by 85.3%-6.3% year- % of industry RPKs -100%in 2020-90% -80% -70%Year-on-year-60% -50% -40%change-30% in load-20% factor-10% 0% Load factor level light at the end of the tunnel. The swift recovery in manufacturers index (PMI) for the manufacturing and N. America -79.6% International revenue passenger kilometres (% year-on-year) -40% ϱϰ͘ϵй ϳϮ͘ϰй -12.0% InternationalDom. Australia traffic flown -by64.1% these airlines started to -82.8% onDomestic-year, Russia just a 3ppts uptick vs. November (Chart 6). -40,000 Africa -80.0% China – but more recently also in Australia – following -23.0% Sources:services IATA Economics, sector IATA Monthly Domesticis Statistics backChina to pre-crisis levels-60%. Looking recover towards the year-end amidst increased flows Europe -82.3% -33.0% -60,000 RPKs, % year-on-year ϱϭ͘ϲй ϴϱ͘ϰй -87.0% CarriersDomestic Brazilin Africa posted the lowest international RPK ahead, governments will continue to-80% provide N. America -100%-90%-80%-70%-60%-50%-40%-30%-20%-10% 0% Chart 4: COVID-19 and RPK developments in China -34.5% Air PassengerAir Passenger Market Market Analysis Analysis – December – December 2020 2020 to/from the DomesticCentral revenue America. passenger kilometres However, (% year-on- year)new 1 travel 1 -85% decline of all regions in December-42.7% (-68.8%yoy), and The-80,000 significantcontraction fiscalin European and monetary international stimulu -100%RPKss, while Sources: IATA Economics, IATA Monthly Statistics Middle East -82.6% Domestic India restrictions in the region in January will weigh ϰϰ͘Ϭйon ϳϳ͘ϯй 80,000 69,669 -86.1% 100% -49.5% easedvaccine to -82.3%s will since help toincreased reduce theflows infection ahead ofrates the. This Middle East also showed the most resilient outcome for the year 80% Domestic Japan -50.4% further improvement in the near-term. 60,000Asia Pacific -94.7% -39.1% holidayshould season ensure offset that falls the from economic new travel rebound bans continueslater Despite a sharp20% RPK30% 40%deterioration50% 60% 70% in Q480% amid90% 100%st virus -95.0% as a whole, at -69.8%. The region has benefitted from WĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌůŽĂĚĨĂĐƚŽƌƐ;йŽĨĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞƐĞĂƚŬŵƐ͕ĂĐƚƵĂůͿ 60% Source: IATA Monthly Statistics, WHO 40,000 Domestic USA -63.1% in theinto month. 2021. InIndeed, the June the- AugustIMF became period, recently airlines more relatively less strict international-59.6% travel restrictions spikesSources:, Russia IATA Economics, became IATA Monthly the Statistics most resilient key domestic*Data from 1990 onwards -100%-90% -80% -70% -60% -50% -40% -30% -20% -10%40%0% International revenue passenger kilometres (% year-on-year) 20,000 New virus cases in China comparedDom. Australia to the rest of the-64.1% world. benefittedoptimistic from aboutlooser 2021travel GDP restrictions growth ,on revising Within their market in 2020 (RPKs down 23.5% vs. 2019). Its 20% -80.0% Sources: IATA Economics, IATA Monthly Statistics 3,208 Europeforecast routes upwards but the bypromising 0.3ppts, recoveryto 5.1%. was later Recovery in international traffic remains slow 0 0% recovery was supported by booming domestic Latin American and-100% North-90%-80% American-70%-60%-50% airlines-40%-30%-20% ended-10% 0%the reversed amidst new virus waves (Chart 7). Domestic revenue passenger kilometres (% year-on-year) tourism in the summer and falling fares. The country’s -20,000 -8% -20% year with RPKs down -76.2% & -79.6%, respectively. Air PassengerFor now, Market the Analysis health – December crisis remains 2020 critical but there is a International demand did not show any significant 2 The contraction in European international RPKs Sources: IATA Economics, IATA Monthly Statistics -40% Chartlight 7 –at Growth the end in ofint the’l RPKs tunnel. by Themarket swift segment recovery in PLF improvementin December in Decembereached r;2019 RPKs levelfell bys 85.3%(77.1%), year - eased-40,000 to -82.3% since increased flows ahead of the International traffic flown by these airlines started to Domestic China -60% recover towards the year-end amidst increased flows % changeChina year-on –-year but more recently also in Australia – following pointingon-year, to a solidjust a appetite 3ppts uptick for flying. vs. November (Chart 6). holiday season offset RPKs,falls % from year- onnew-year travel bans later Despite a sharp RPK deterioration in Q4 amidst virus -60,000 -80% 20% in the month. In the June-August period, airlines spikesto/from, Russia the Central became America. the most However, resilient key new domestic travel Chart 4: COVID-19 and RPK developments in China ElevatedCarriers COVID in Africa-19 cases posted weighed the lowest on recovery international also in RPK -80,000 -85% -100% benefitted from looser travel restrictions on Within marketrestrictions in 2020 in the (RPKs region down in January 23.5% willvs. weigh2019) . onIts 0% Brazildecline . Domestic of all RPKs regions fell inby December 33%yoy, just(-68.8%yoy), a 1.5ppts and 80,000 69,669 100% Europe routes but the promising recovery was later recoveryfurther improvement was supported in the nearby -term.booming domestic smalleralsoAir passengerdecline showed than themarket inmost November. detail resilient - December outcomeHowever 2020 , forthe the PLF year -20% 60,000 80% reversedSource: IATA Monthly amidst Statistics, new WHO virus waves (Chart 7). as a whole, at -69.8%.World The region hasDecember benefitted 2020 (% from year-on-year) 2020 calendar year (% year-on-year) tourism in the summer and falling fares. The country’s North- 60% was the highest amongst the1 key markets, at 82.1%. 2 3 2 3 -40% 40,000 relatively less strictshare internationalRPK travel restrictionsASK PLF (%-pt) PLF (level) RPK ASK PLF (%-pt) PLF (level) PLF in December reached 2019 levels (77.1%), Central 40% Chart 7 – Growth in int’l RPKs by market segment In IndiaTOTAL, domesticMARKET RPKs100.0% fell by 42.7%yoy-69.7% – -56.7%a solid -24.6% 57.5% -65.9% -56.5% -17.8% 64.8% 20,000 New virus cases in China America compared to the rest of the world. % change year-on-year pointing to a solid appetite for flying. -60% Within 20% Africa 1.9% -67.7% -57.5% -17.5% 54.9% -68.8% -61.0% -14.4% 57.4% 3,208 improvement on 49.5% decline in November. The 20% 0 Europe 0% Asia Pacific 38.6% -63.8% -52.1% -20.0% 61.6% -61.9% -53.9% -14.3% 67.5% Latin American and North American airlines ended the Air Passenger Market Analysis – December 2020 Elevated COVID - 19 cases weighed on recovery also 2 in -80% near-term outlook looks positive since the number of -20,000 -8% -20% year Europe with RPKs down23.6% -76.2% & --77.5%79.6%, respectively.-67.7% -25.2% 57.8%0% -69.9% -62.1% -17.4% 67.8% Brazil. Domestic RPKs fell by 33%yoy, just a 1.5ppts confirmed Latin America cases has been5.7% falling-57.3% and the -51.8%Indian -9.3% 73.0% -62.1% -58.3% -7.7% 74.9% -100% -40% International traffic flown by these airlines started to smaller decline than in November. However, the PLF -40,000 government has allowed local carriers to increase -20% Domestic China -60% recover Middle East towards the year7.4%-end amidst-81.3% increased-67.2% flows -33.2% 44.0% -72.2% -63.3% -18.5% 57.6% RPKs, % year-on-year North- was the highest amongst the key markets, at 82.1%. -60,000 -80% their domestic North America capacity si22.7%nce December-68.9%. -48.5% -33.8% 51.6% -65.2% -50.2% -25.6% 59.2% Chart 6 – International RPK growth, yearly (airline the best performers last year due to a quick to/from the Central America. However, new travel -40% Central Source: IATA Monthly Statistics-85% In India, domestic RPKs fell by 42.7%yoy – a solid -80,000 -100% The creontractionstrictions inin domestic the region RPKs in sharplyJanuary increased will weigh in on America region of registration basis) containment of the virus in spring and solid economic International 45.7% -85.3% -74.5% -34.7% 47.0%-60% -75.6% -68.1% -19.2%Within 62.8% improvement on 49.5% decline in November. The further improvement in the near-term. Europe Dec 2020 Nov 2020 Middlerecovery Eastern. Its RPKs carriers were 30.8%posted lower a slightly in 2020 lower vs. 2019.fall in Japan Africa (+ 11.3ppts, at -50.4%yoy)1.6% -68.8% as the country-57.6% -19.0% 53.1% -69.8% -61.5% -15.4% 55.9% -80% near-term outlook looks positive since the number of Industry -85.3% internationalSource: IATA trafficMonthly Statistics, versus WHO November, but their RPKs grapples Asia Pacificwith a new virus11.0% wave. Volumes-94.7% will -86.4%remain -49.7% 32.1% -80.3% -74.1% -19.5% 61.4% -88.3% Chart 8 – Domestic RPK growth by market confirmed cases has been falling and the Indian were still down almost 83%yoy. The reliance on under Europe pressure also in January18.5% since-82.3% cases continue-72.2% d -30.4% -100%53.3% -73.7% -66.3% -18.8% 66.8% Dec 2020 Nov 2020 Africa -68.8% Latin America 2.2% -76.2% -68.9% -19.2% 62.7% -71.8% -67.7% -10.4% 72.4% government has allowed local carriers to increase -75.8% to rise, and airlines reduced their domestic capacity. currentlyIndustry muted long-haul connections-42.9% will remain one -41.2% Middle East 6.9% -82.6% -68.7% -34.3% 43.1% -72.9% -63.9% -18.9% 57.3% their domestic capacity since December. L. America -76.2% of the key challenges for the region’s faster recovery. -78.7% North America 5.5% -79.6% -63.0% -38.1% Source:46.6% IATA Monthly-75.4%Statistics -65.5% -23.9% 60.1% DomesticAir Passenger China Market Analysis – December 2020 - 7.6% RPK developments deteriorated also i n the US in 2 -6.3% The contraction in domestic RPKs sharply increased in N. America -79.6% Airlines based in Asia Pacific showed the worst December (-63.1% vs. -59.6% in November). Although -82.8% Domestic Russia -12.0% -23.0% Domestic 54.3% -42.9% -25.7% -19.1% Middle63.7% Eastern-48.8% carriers-35.7% posted a-17.0% slightly lower66.6% fall in Japan (+ 11.3ppts, at -50.4%yoy) as the country performance of all regions for another month, with the softer outcome4 this month can be partly attributed Europe -82.3% -33.0% Dom. Australia 0.7% -64.1% -46.3% -27.5% international55.4% -69.5% traffic versus-62.8% November,-14.7% but their66.1% RPKs grapples with a new virus wave. Volumes will remain -87.0% Domestic Brazil international RPKs falling by ~95%yoy-34.5% . Strict travel to a strong month4 of December 2019, the flat trend in Domestic Brazil 1.6% -33.0% -31.4% -1.9% were82.1% still down-49.0% almost-47.4% 83%yoy-2.4%. The reliance80.3% on under pressure also in January since cases continued -42.7% Middle East -82.6% restrictionsDomestic India remain in place on the majority of the seasonally-adjusted4 RPKs confirms that the recovery -86.1% -49.5% Dom. China P.R. 19.9% -7.6% 6.1% -10.6% currently71.2% muted-30.8% long-haul-19.7% connections-11.7% will remain72.9% one to rise, and airlines reduced their domestic capacity. 4 . region’s key international routes-50.4%. has been Domestic stalling India in this market2.1% -42.7% -28.3% -17.7% 70.4% -55.6% -48.0% -12.8% 74.6% -94.7% Domestic Japan Asia Pacific -39.1% 4 of the key challenges for the region’s faster recovery. -95.0% Domestic Japan 1.4% -50.4% -20.5% -26.3% 43.5% -53.6% -32.7% -22.9% 50.9% RPK developments deteriorated also in the US in Domestic USA -63.1% Although Australia4 n domestic market posted the Recovery was reversed in domestic-59.6% markets 3.4% -12.0% -11.2% -0.7% 77.1% -23.5% -12.6% -10.3% 72.9% -100%-90% -80% -70% -60% -50% -40% -30% -20% -10% 0% Dom. Russian Fed. Airlines based in Asia Pacific showed the worst December (-63.1% vs. -59.6% in November). Although International revenue passenger kilometres (% year-on-year) largest RPK fall4 in December (-64.1%yoy), the volumes DomesticDom. Australia markets were the-64.1% only relatively bright spot Domestic US 16.6% -63.1% -40.8% -32.4% 53.5% -59.6% -41.4% -26.4% 58.8% -80.0% performance of all regions for another month, with the softer outcome this month can be partly attributed Sources: IATA Economics, IATA Monthly Statistics in 2020 but their performance recently deteriorated. have1 %been of industry improving RPKs in 2020 swiftly there2Year-on-year since change some in load of factor the 3Load factor level -100%-90%-80%-70%-60%-50%-40%-30%-20%-10% 0% international RPKs falling by ~95%yoy. Strict travel to a strong month of December 2019, the flat trend in 4 Domestic revenue passenger kilometres (% year-on-year) key localNote: theroutes seven domestic re-opened passenger marketsin late for- whichNovember. broken-down data are available accounted for 46% of global total RPKs and approximately 84% of total domestic RPKs in 2020 The contraction in European international RPKs Domestic RPKs fell by 42.9%yoy in December. restrictions remain in place on the majority of the seasonally-adjusted RPKs confirms that the recovery Sources: IATA Economics, IATA Monthly Statistics . Note: The total industry and regional growth rates are basedIATA on aEconomics constant sample of airlines combining reportedregion’s data and key estimates int ernationalfor missing observations. routes Airline. traffic is allocated has been stalling in this market eased to -82.3% since increased flows ahead of the Annual domestic RPK decline accelerated to -7.6% in according to the region in which the carrier is registrated; it should not be considered as regional traffic. holiday season offset falls from new travel bans later Despite a sharp RPK deterioration in Q4 amidst virus [email protected] China amidst new COVID-19 outbreaks and resulting rd Recovery was reversed in domestic markets Although Australian domestic market posted the 3 February 2021 in the month. In the June-August period, airlines restrictions.spikes, Russia Despite became that, the mostthe country resilient was key domesticamongst Domestic markets were the only relatively bright spot largest RPK fall in December (-64.1%yoy), the volumes benefitted from looser travel restrictions on Within market in 2020 (RPKs down 23.5% vs. 2019). Its 52 | HERMES • THE MAGAZINE #13 › JANUARY - MARCH 2021 in 2020 but their performance recently deteriorated. have been improving swiftly there since some of the Europe routes but the promising recovery was later Airrecovery Passenger Marketwas Analysissupported – December by 20 20booming domestic 3 Domestic RPKs fell by 42.9%yoy in December. key local routes re-opened in late-November. reversed amidst new virus waves (Chart 7). tourism in the summer and falling fares. The country’s Get the data IATA Economics Mobile App IATA Economics Consulting IATA Economics Chart 7 – Growth in int’l RPKs by market segment PLF in December reached 2019 levels (77.1%), Annual domestic RPK decline accelerated to -7.6% in Access data related to this briefing through 100% free access to our analysis & briefing To find out more about our tailored economics [email protected] % change year-on-year pointing to a solid appetite for flying. China amidst new COVID-19 outbreaks and resulting IATA’s Monthly Statistics publication: for iOS & Android devices. For more details consulting solutions, visit: 3rd February 2021 20% www.iata.org/monthly-traffic-statistics restrictions. Despite that, www.iata.org/consultingthe country was amongst Elevated COVID-19 cases weighed on recovery also in or for links to download, see here 0% Brazil. Domestic RPKs fell by 33%yoy, just a 1.5ppts Air Passenger Market Analysis – December 2020 3

-20% smaller decline than in November. However, the PLF Terms and Conditions for the use of this IATA Economics Report and its contents can be found here: www.iata.org/economics-terms North- was the highest amongst the key markets, at 82.1%. -40% Central By using this IATA Economics Report and its contents in any manner, you agree that the IATA Economics Report Terms and Conditions America In India, domestic RPKs fell by 42.7%yoy – a solid apply to you and agree to abide by them. If you do not accept these Terms and Conditions, do not use this report. -60% Within improvement on 49.5% decline in November. The Europe -80% near-term outlook looks positive since the number of confirmed cases has been falling and the Indian -100% government has allowed local carriers to increase their domestic capacity since December. Source: IATA Monthly Statistics The contraction in domestic RPKs sharply increased in Middle Eastern carriers posted a slightly lower fall in Japan (+ 11.3ppts, at -50.4%yoy) as the country international traffic versus November, but their RPKs grapples with a new virus wave. Volumes will remain were still down almost 83%yoy. The reliance on under pressure also in January since cases continued currently muted long-haul connections will remain one to rise, and airlines reduced their domestic capacity. of the key challenges for the region’s faster recovery. RPK developments deteriorated also in the US in Airlines based in Asia Pacific showed the worst December (-63.1% vs. -59.6% in November). Although performance of all regions for another month, with the softer outcome this month can be partly attributed international RPKs falling by ~95%yoy. Strict travel to a strong month of December 2019, the flat trend in restrictions remain in place on the majority of the seasonally-adjusted RPKs confirms that the recovery . region’s key international routes. has been stalling in this market Statistics compiled by IATA Economics used direct airline reporting complemented by estimates, including the use of FlightRadar24 data provided under license.

Recovery was reversed in domestic markets Although Australian domestic market posted the Air Passenger Market Analysis – December 2020 4 Domestic markets were the only relatively bright spot largest RPK fall in December (-64.1%yoy), the volumes in 2020 but their performance recently deteriorated. have been improving swiftly there since some of the Domestic RPKs fell by 42.9%yoy in December. key local routes re-opened in late-November. Annual domestic RPK decline accelerated to -7.6% in IATA Economics China amidst new COVID-19 outbreaks and resulting [email protected] 3rd February 2021 restrictions. Despite that, the country was amongst

Air Passenger Market Analysis – December 2020 3

January 2021 Air Passenger Market Analysis January 2021 PassengerAir Passenger traffic deteriorates Market as Analysis domestic markets weaken • PassengerPassenger traffic fell in traffic January. Industry deteriorates-wide revenue passenger as domestic-kilometres (RPKs) markets were down by 6.6%weaken compared STATISTICSto December and by 72.0% compared to pre-crisis (January 2019) levels. • • Passenger traffic fell in January. Industry-wide revenue passenger-kilometres (RPKs) were down by 6.6% compared In contrastto December to the and trend by observed 72.0% compared since last to year’s pre-crisis low point(January in April 2019, t)h levelsis deterioration. in traffic was primarily driven by domestic markets (down 47.4% versus January 2019), particularly in Asia. • • In contrast to the trend observed since last year’s low point in April, this deterioration in traffic was primarily driven January’sby domestic renewed markets weakness (down in 47.4% air travel versus was Januarycaused by2019), new particularly variants of inthe Asia virus. leading to a surge of new COVID cases and governments increasing travel restrictions. • January’s renewed weakness in air travel was caused by new variants of the virus leading to a surge of new COVID Asiancases domestic and governments markets dragged increasing global travel RPKs restrictions. down traffic was down 47.4% versus pre-crisis (January 2019) values, after falling 42.9% in December. AfterA sianseveral domestic months markets without dragged any clear global improvement, RPKs down traffic was down 47.4% versus pre-crisis (January industry-wide revenue passenger-kilometres (RPKs) This2019) was drivenvalues by, after marked falling slumps 42.9% in AsianDecember. domestic deterioratedAfter several in January months 2021. without They any were clear an improvement,even 72% markets. Domestic traffic in China was 33.9% below lowerindustry than -widetheir revenuelevels inpassenger January- kilometres2019, which (RPKs) JanuaryThis 2019was driven levels byin January, marked afterslumps falling in Asian 8.5% domestic year- deteriorated in January 2021. They were an even 72% markets. Domestic traffic in China was 33.9% below represent a more accurate comparison due to the on-year in December. Japan and Australia were down lower than their levels in January 2019, which January 2019 levels in January, after falling 8.5% year- large moves in traffic in early 2020. This was the first by respectively 71.3% and 81.6% versus January They remain elevated however, at 2.7m during the represent a more accurate comparison due to the on-year in December. Japan and Australia were down deterioration in the rate of decline since April 2020 2019 after falling 50.6% and 60.8% in December. second week of February, and outbreaks from new, large moves in trafficJAN in early 2020. 2021: This was the first by respectively 71.3% and 81.6% versus January (69.7% year-on-year in December). Note that RPKs New COVID cases reached a peak mid-January… more contagious, variants of the virus have become deterioration in the rate of decline since April 2020 2019 after falling 50.6% and 60.8% in December. were 72.5% lower than January 2020 levels. more widespread. They(69.7 %remain year- onelevated-year in however, December) at . 2.7mNote duringthat RPKs the AmongNew theCOVID key cases drivers reached of air a travel peak midin the-January current… Removingwere 72.5% seasonal lower fluctuations thanAir January from Passenger 2020 the overalllevels. trend environment, Market new COVID -19Analysis cases grew strongly in In the meantime, vaccine distribution efforts have second week of February, and outbreaks from new, offers another way to accurately picture the evolution Among the key drivers of air travel in the current picked up speed, in particular in the US, UK, UAE and more contagious, variants of the virus have become the first half of January, particularly in Europe and the of traffic.Removing Seasonally seasonal adjusted fluctuations (SA) RPKsfrom thedeclined overall by trend environment, new COVID-19 cases grew strongly in Israel. In those countries, total doses (first or second) more widespread. Americas, leading to a global peak (Chart 2). 6.6%offer months another-on-month, way to following accurately a picture5.4% decline the evolution in the first half of January, particularly in Europe and the given per 100 people reached respectively 9.3%, Chart 2 – New COVID cases by region DecemberInof thetraffic. meantime,(Chart Seasonally 1). vaccine adjusted distribution (SA) RPKs efforts declined have by Americas, leading to a global peak (Chart 2). 14.4%, 33.7% and 57.4% on January 31 (Chart 3). New COVID19 cases per week (000's) picked6.6% month up speed,-on-month, in particular following in the a US,5.4% UK, decline UAE and in 2500 Chart 1 – Air passenger volumes Chart 2 – New COVID cases by region Chart 3: Vaccine doses administered by region Israel.December In those (Chart countries, 1). total doses (first or second) /ŶĚƵƐƚƌǇZW<Ɛ;ďŝůůŝŽŶƉĞƌŵŽŶƚŚͿ New COVID19 cases per week (000's) Total vaccinations, share of the population* 2500 18% given per 100 people reached respectively 9.3%, 2000 North 900 Chart 1 – Air passenger volumes America 16% 14.4%,/ŶĚƵƐƚƌǇZW<Ɛ;ďŝůůŝŽŶƉĞƌŵŽŶƚŚͿ 33.7% and 57.4% on January 31 (Chart 3). 800 Actual 2000 900 1500 14% Load factors fall again as carriers struggle to adjust 700Chart 3: Vaccine doses administered by region 800Total vaccinations, share of the population* 12% 18% Actual 600 North 1500 1000 Industry-wide available seat-kilometres (ASKs) fell by America Europe 700 Seasonally 10% 500 16% North 58.7% in January 2021 vs January 2019, down from a adjusted America 600 Latin 8% 1000 400 14% 500 AmericaEurope Europe 56.2% decline in December. In seasonally adjusted Seasonally Load factors fall again as carriers struggle to adjust North 500 adjusted APAC 6% Middle 300 12% Middle America terms, ASKs dropped by 4.6% month-on-month. This East Latin East 400 Industry-wide available seat-kilometres (ASKs) fell by 500 Africa America 4% was driven by the APAC region, where SA ASKs were 200 0 10% APAC Latin 300 58.7% in January 2021 vs January 2019, down fromMiddle a America down 15.3% month-on-month, while all the other Jul-20 Apr-20 Oct-20 Jan-20 Jan-21 Jun-20

Feb-20 Feb-21 2% Mar-20 Sep-20 Nov-20 Aug-20 Dec-20 100 8% May-20 East 56.2% decline in December. In seasonally adjustedAfrica APAC 200 Europe Source: ECDC0 regions registered small SA gains. 0% Africa 0 6% Middle

terms, ASKs dropped byJul-20 4.6% month-on-month. This

Apr-20 13-Dec 20-Dec 27-Dec 3-Jan 10-Jan 17-Jan 24-Jan 31-Jan 7-Feb 14-Feb 21-Feb Oct-20 Jan-20 Jan-21 Jun-20 Feb-20 Feb-21 Mar-20

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Sep-20 Nov-20 Aug-20 Dec-20 100 East May-20 Source: OurWorldInData *rolling maximum share to account for NAs As demand decreased faster than supply, industry- In manySource: ECDCcountries, governments reacted strongly by Sources:4% IATA Economics, IATA Monthly Statistics was driven by the APAC region, where SA ASKs were 0 Latin wide passenger load factors deteriorated again in 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 imposing strict control measures. This succeeded in 2% America down 15.3% month-on-month, while all the other APAC In many countries, governments reacted strongly by While the share of the population having received two WhileSources: traffic IATA Economics,on international IATA Monthly Statistics routes weakened slightly containingregions registerednew cases, small which SA gains. have significantly January. They fell by 25.7 percentage points (ppts) in January,0% most of the deterioration this month wasAfrica imposing strict control measures. This succeeded in vaccine doses is much lower (1.7% in the US on versus January 2019 to 54.1%, a new all-time low for 13-Dec 20-Dec 27-Dec 3-Jan 10-Jan 17-Jan 24-Jan 31-Jan 7-Feb 14-Feb 21-Feb decreased since then. drivenWhileSource: by OurWorldInData trafficdomestic on international markets. Indeed,*rolling routesmaximum total weakened share todomestic account slightlyfor NAs Ascontaining demand decreasednew cases, faster which than have supply, significantly industry- January 31 for example), there are indications that one the month (Chart 5).

in January, most of the deterioration this month was wide passenger load factors deteriorated again in dose allows to significantly decrease community Air passenger market overview - January 2021 decreased since then. Whiledriven the by share domestic of the markets. population Indeed, having total received domestic two January. They fell by 25.7 percentage points (ppts) transmission and health risks. Chart 5 – Passenger load factors by region To aid understanding, the table includes both % comparisons with pre-crisis 2019 months and 2020 months. Jan 2021 Jan 2019 vaccine doses is much lower (1.7% in the US on All-time Jan low* All-time Jan high* versus January 2019 to 54.1%, a new all-time low for ϱϰ͘ϭй ϳϵ͘ϳй Air passengerWorld market overviewJanuary 2021 - January (% ch vs 2021 the same month in 2019) January 2021 (% year-on-year, 2020) Moreover, vaccination efforts have been further Industry January 31 for example),1 there are indications that one2 3 2 3 To aid understanding,share the table includesRPK both %ASK comparisonsPLF (%-pt) with pre-crisisPLF (level)the 2019 month months (ChartRPK and 5). 2020 months.ASK PLF (%-pt) PLF (level) boosted by announcements of positive test results dose allows to significantly decrease community ϲϴ͘ϱй ϴϮ͘ϯй TOTAL MARKET 100.0%World -72.0%January 2021-58.7% (% ch vs the-25.7% same month 54.1%in 2019) -72.5%January-59.3% 2021 (% year-on-year,-26.0% 2020)54.1% L. America 1 2 Chart 53 – Passenger load factors by region2 3 fromChart vaccines 6 – International recently RPK developed. growth versusThis will the reduce same Chart 7 – Domestic RPK growth versus the same Internationaltransmission and45.7% health risks.-85.6% -74.4% -35.0% 44.9% -85.9% -74.5% -36.2% 44.9% They remain elevated however, at 2.7m during the share RPK ASK PLF (%-pt) PLF (level) RPK ASK PLF (%-pt)Jan 2021PLFJan (level) 2019 ϱϳ͘ϲй ϳϵ͘ϵй supplymonth shortagesin 2019 (airline such region as faced of registrationby the EU. basis) monthEurope in 2019, registration basis All-time Jan low* All-time Jan high* DomesticTOTAL MARKET 54.3%100.0% -47.4%-72.0% -30.5%-58.7% -19.3%-25.7% 60.1%54.1% -48.3%-72.5% -32.7%-59.3% -18.2%-26.0% ϱϰ͘ϭй60.1%ϳϵ͘ϳй54.1% second week of February, and outbreaks from new, Jan 2021 Dec 2020 1 Moreover, vaccination2 efforts have been further 3 Industry Jan 2021 Dec 2020 % of industry International RPKs in 2020 45.7%Change in load-85.6% factor vs same-74.4% month in 2019 -35.0%Load factor level44.9% -85.9% -74.5% -36.2% 44.9% ϱϲ͘ϲй ϴϭ͘ϯй more contagious, variants of the virus have become … forcing governments to keep air travel limited Asia Pacific boosted by announcements of positive test results Industry -85.6% Industry -47.4% ϲϴ͘ϱй ϴϮ͘ϯй -42.9% Domestic 54.3% -47.4% -30.5% -19.3% L. America60.1% -48.3% -32.7% -18.2% 60.1% -85.3% more widespread. 1 2 3 ϱϰ͘ϰй ϳϬ͘ϴй %from of industry vaccines RPKs in 2020 recently developed.Change in load factor This vs samewill month reduce in 2019 Load factor level That being said, it appears that governments in many DomesticAfrica Russia 5.5% Africa -66.1% -12.0% Air Passenger Market Analysis – January 2021 1 ϱϳ͘ϲй ϳϵ͘ϵй -68.8% In the meantime, vaccine distribution efforts have supply shortages such as faced by the EU. Europe key economies have chosen a conservative approach, Domestic Brazil -31.4% ϰϴ͘ϰй ϳϵ͘ϲй N. America -33.0% picked up speed, in particular in the US, UK, UAE and by L. Americamaintaining- 78.5%lockdowns and strict air travel …Air forcingPassenger governments Market Analysis – January to keep 202 1air travel limited ϱϲ͘ϲй1 ϴϭ͘ϯй -76.2% Asia Pacific Domestic China -33.9% limitations. This is primarily driven by the emergence ϰϮ͘Ϯй ϳϰ͘ϲй Israel. In those countries, total doses (first or second) Middle East -8.5% N. America -79.0% That being said, it appears that governments in many ϱϰ͘ϰй ϳϬ͘ϴй -79.5% given per 100 people reached respectively 9.3%, Africa of new variants as well as supply issues in vaccine Domestic India -37.6% 30% 40% 50% 60% -42.8%70% 80% 90% 100% key economies have chosen a conservative approach, distributions.Middle East -82.3% WĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌůŽĂĚĨĂĐƚŽƌƐ;йŽĨĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞƐĞĂƚŬŵƐ͕ĂĐƚƵĂůͿ 14.4%, 33.7% and 57.4% on January 31 (Chart 3). ϰϴ͘ϰй ϳϵ͘ϲй -82.6% Domestic USA -60.3% N. America by maintaining lockdowns and strict air travel Sources: IATA Economics, IATA Monthly Statistics-63.2% *Data from 1990 onwards Europe -83.2% Chart 3: Vaccine doses administered by region Indeed, the stringency of measures governments Domestic Japan -71.3% limitations. This is primarily driven by the emergence ϰϮ͘Ϯй ϳϰ͘ϲй -82.6% -50.6% Total vaccinations, share of the population* Middle East have imposed on international air travel has increased 18% North International markets remained weak in January of new variants as well as supply issues in vaccine Asia Pacific -94.6% Dom. Australia -81.6% -94.4% America 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% in most regions since late December 2020. Controls -60.8% Chart16% 6 – International RPK growth versus the same Chartdistributions. 7 – Domestic RPK growth versus the same WĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌůŽĂĚĨĂĐƚŽƌƐ;йŽĨĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞƐĞĂƚŬŵƐ͕ĂĐƚƵĂůͿ International RPKs were still down 85.6% in January are particularly-100% -90% strict-80% in-70% Europe-60% -50% and-40% Asia-30% -20% Pacific-10% .0% They -100% -80% -60% -40% -20% 0% 20% Sources: IATA Economics, IATA Monthly Statistics *Data from 1990 onwards comparedDomestic to January revenue passenger 2019-kilometres, close (% ch to vs thethe same outcome month in 2019) of month14% in 2019 (airline region of registration basis) monthLoad factors in 2019 fall, registration again as carriers basis struggle to adjust International revenue passenger-kilometres (% ch vs the same month in 2019) Indeed, the stringency of measures governments areSources: likely IATA Economics, to only IATA Monthly ease Statistics slowly until significant progress Sources: IATA Economics, IATA Monthly Statistics Jan 2021 Dec 2020 Jan 2021 Dec 2020 the month before (85.3% year-on-year). SA 12% have imposed on international air travel has increased International markets remained weak in January is made on vaccination, meaning that air traffic will Industry -85.6% IndustryIndustry-wide available seat-47.4%-kilometres (ASKs) fell by international RPKs were broadly unchanged -42.9% 10% -85.3% in most regions since late December 2020. Controls Domestic RPKs also weakened in Japan and Australia, 58.7% in January 2021 vs January 2019, down from a remainAirlines muted in Latin in theAmerican near-term and. North America saw compared to December. Domestic Russia 5.5% International RPKs were still down 85.6% in January vs Jan 2019 8% Africa -66.1% are particularly strict in Europe and-12.0% Asia Pacific. They similar declines in their international RPKs, down down by respectively 71.3% and 81.6% in -68.8% Chart 6 – International RPK growth versus the sameEurope Chart56.2% 7decline – Domestic in December. RPK growth In seasonally versus the adjusted same compared to January 2019, close to the outcome of The upshot is that despite the strong rebound in Domesticare likely Brazil to only ease slowly-31.4% until significant progress respectively 78.5% and 79.0% versus Jan 2019 in AsJanuary. has been SA volumesthe case also throughout dropped moststrongly, of 2020,due to -33.0% month6%L. America in 2019 (airline-78.5% region of registration basis)Middle monthterms, inASKs 2019 dropped, registration by 4.6% basis month -on-month. This the month before (85.3% year-on-year). SA economic activity, large consumer savings and -76.2% East is made on vaccination, meaning that air traffic will January. In SA terms however, international volumes crenewedarriers travelin Africa restrictions posted to preventthe most modest resilient COVID Jan 2021 Dec 2020 Domestic China Jan 2021 -33.9%Dec 2020 international RPKs were broadly unchanged 4% was driven by the APAC region, where-8.5% SA ASKs were resilient willingness to fly, air travel is unlikely to international traffic performance. In January, N. America -79.0% Latin remain muted in the near-47.4%-term. are on a downwards trend in Latin America while they outbreaks from expending (Chart 8). Industry -85.6%-79.5% Industry compared to December. America downDomestic 15.3% India month-on-month-42.9%-37.6% , while all the other rebound before governments lift restrictions (Chart 4). 2% -85.3% -42.8% international RPKs fell by 66.1% vs Jan 2019, up from APAC Air passenger market detail - January 2021 increased slightly in North America in January. Middle East -82.3% regionsDomesticThe Russia registeredupshot is smallthat despiteSA gains. the strong rebound5.5% in Chart 8 – Seasonally adjusted domestic RPK markets 0% Africa -82.6% -66.1% Africa Domestic USA -60.3% -12.0% As has been the case throughout most of 2020, 68.8% year-on-year in December 2020. The region -68.8% -63.2% To aid understanding, the table includes both % comparisons with pre-crisisChart 2019 4: Stringency months and 2020of government months. international air 13-Dec 20-Dec 27-Dec 3-Jan 10-Jan 17-Jan 24-Jan 31-Jan 7-Feb 14-Feb 21-Feb Airlines based in the Middle East and Europe posted Domesticeconomic Brazil activity, large- 31.4%consumer savings and Seasonally adjusted domestic RPKs (indexed to 100 in Jan 2019) Europe -83.2% carriers in AfricaWorld posted January the 2021most (% ch vsresilient the same month in 2019) January 2021 (% year-on-year, 2020) benefits from less stringent restrictions and lower Source: OurWorldInData *rolling maximum share to account for NAs AsDomestic demand Japan decreased-71.3% faster-33.0% than supply, industry- travel measures by region 120 L. America -82.6%-78.5% 1 2 broadly3 unchanged rates of decline2 compared3 to -76.2% resilient willingness- 50.6%to fly, air travel is unlikely to international trafficshare performance.RPK In ASKJanuary,PLF (%-pt) PLF (level) RPK ASK PLF (%-pt) PLF (level) COVID cases (Chart 6). wideDomestic passenger China load factors-33.9% deteriorated again in Asia Pacific -94.6% Dom.rebound Australia before-81.6% governments lift restrictions-8.5% (Chart 4). TOTAL MARKET 100.0% -72.0% -58.7% -25.7% December54.1% . -72.5%In January-59.3% 2021, international-26.0% RPKs54.1% were N. America -94.4% -79.0% -60.8% international RPKs fell by 66.1% vs Jan 2019, up from 100 While the share-79.5% of the population having received two January. They fell by 25.7 percentage points (ppts) Domestic India -37.6% Africa 1.9% -63.9% -53.0% -16.4% respectively54.4% -66.0% 82.3% and-56.0% 83.2% lower-15.9% than two54.4% years vaccine doses-100% -90% is-80% much-70% -60% lower-50% -40%(1.7%-30% -20%in the-10% US0% on -100% -80% -60%-42.8%-40% -20% 0% 20% 68.8% year-on-year in December 2020. The region -82.3% versusChart January 4: Stringency 2019 to 54.1%,of government a new all -internationaltime low for air Asia Pacific 38.6% -71.5% -59.0% -24.8% Air56.6% Passenger Market-71.4% Analysis –-59.8% January 2021 -23.1% 56.6% 80 2 Middle East Domestic revenue passenger-kilometres (% ch vs the same month in 2019) ago. SA volumes trended sideways compared to JanuaryInternational 31 for- 82.6%revenue example), passenger -therekilometres are (% ch indications vs the same month in that 2019) one Domestic USA -60.3% benefits from less stringent restrictions and lower Sources: IATA Economics, IATA Monthly Statistics theSources: travelmonth IATA Economics, measures (Chart IATA Monthly 5). Statistics - by63.2% region Europe 23.7% -77.4% -68.7% -22.4% December57.6% in-77.7% both regions.-68.3% RPKs-24.2% in the Middle57.6% East China Japan Europe -83.2% COVID cases (Chart 6). 60 dose allows -82.6%to significantly decrease community Domestic Japan -71.3% Latin America 5.7% -58.0% -49.5% -13.9% 68.5% -58.2% -49.6% -14.2% 68.5% Russia USA Chart 5 – Passenger load-50.6% factors by region are impacted by low traffic volumes on long-haul Airlinestransmission in Latin and American health risks. and North America saw Domestic RPKs also weakened in Japan and Australia, Middle East 7.4% -80.7% -65.8% -32.4% 42.2% -81.7% -66.0% -36.3% 42.2% Australia Asia Pacific -94.6% Dom. Australia -81.6% Jan 2021 Jan 2019 routes. In Europe, the weakness is driven by strict 40 -94.4% -60.8% vs Jan 2019 North America 22.7% -67.5% -46.5% -31.2% 48.4% -69.0% -48.5% -31.9% 48.4% All-time Jan low* All-time Jan high* similar declines in their international RPKs, down downAir Passengerby respectively Market Analysis 71.3% – January and 2081.6%21 ϱϰ͘ϭй ϳϵ͘ϳй in 2 Moreover, vaccination efforts have been further Industry lockdowns and high covid cases. respectively-100% 78.5%-90% -80% and-70% -60%79.0%-50% -40%versus-30% -20%Jan-10% 20190% in January. SA-100% volumes-80% also-60% dropped-40% -20% strongly,0% due20% to 20 boostedInternational by announcements revenue passenger-kilometres of (% chpositive vs the same monthtest in 2019)results Domestic revenue passenger-kilometres (% ch vs the same month in 2019) International 45.7% -85.6% -74.4% -35.0% 44.9% -85.9% -74.5% -36.2% 44.9% ϲϴ͘ϱй ϴϮ͘ϯй Airlines based in Asia Pacific closed the growth January.Sources: IATA Economics, In SA IATA terms Monthly Statistics however, international volumes renewedSources:L. America IATA Economics, travel IATA restrictionsMonthly Statistics to prevent modest COVID from vaccines recently developed. This will reduce Africa 1.6% -66.1% -54.2% -18.4% 52.3% -68.1% th-57.0% -18.3% 52.3% 0 are on a downwards trend in Latin America while they ranking for the 7 consecutive months, with outbreaks from expending (Chart 8). ϱϳ͘ϲй ϳϵ͘ϵй Asia Pacific 11.0% -94.6% -86.5% -49.4% 32.6% -94.7% -86.8% -48.8% 32.6% supply shortages such as faced by the EU. Europe vs Jan 2019 increasedAirlines in slightlyLatin Americanin North America and North in January. America saw Domestic RPKs also weakened in Japan and Australia, Europe 18.5% -83.2% -73.6% -29.2% international51.4% -83.3% RPKs down-73.1% 94.6%-31.5% 51.4% in Chart 8 – Seasonally adjusted domesticvs RPK Jan markets 2019 Source: IATA Monthly Statistics similar… forcing declines governments in their to internationalkeep air travel RPKs, limited down down by respectively 71.3% and 81.6% ϱϲ͘ϲй ϴϭ͘ϯй in Latin America 2.2% -78.5% -67.9% -27.2% January.55.3% While-77.7% COVID-66.6% outbreaks-27.6% have been55.3% mostly Airlines based in the Middle East and Europe posted Asia Pacific respectively 78.5% and 79.0% versus Jan 2019 in January.Seasonally adjustedSA volumes domestic RPKs also (indexed dropped to 100 in Jan strongly, 2019) due to Middle East 6.9% -82.3% -67.6% -33.9% controlled40.8% in-83.2% the region-67.7% recently, -37.6%travel restrictions40.8% are 120 Domestic RPKs of Russian airlines were up 5.5% broadlyThat being unchanged said, it appears rates ofthat decline governments compared in many to ϱϰ͘ϰй ϳϬ͘ϴй January. In SA terms however, international volumes renewedAfrica travel restrictions to prevent modest COVID North America 5.5% -79.0% -60.5% -37.8% the42.9% strictest-79.7% among -61.2%the main -38.8%regions. Wi42.9%th slow December. In January 2021, international RPKs were compared to January 2019, driven by a fall in COVID key economies have chosen a conservative approach, 100 are on a downwards trend in Latin America while they outbreaks from expending (Chart 8). ϰϴ͘ϰй ϳϵ͘ϲй vaccination plans, any improvement in international respectivelyby maintaining 82.3% lockdowns and 83.2% andlower strict than twoair yearstravel N. America Domestic 54.3% -47.4% -30.5% -19.3% 60.1% -48.3% -32.7% -18.2% 60.1% cases since a peak late in December and by national increased slightly in North America in January. 4 80 Dom. Australia 0.7% -81.6% -77.8% -13.3% traffic64.8% is unlikely-81.7% in the-77.1% coming months.-16.1% 64.8% holidays in the first week of the month. ago.limitations. SA volumes This is primarilytrended drivensideways by thecompared emergence to Chart 8 – Seasonally adjusted domestic RPKϰϮ͘Ϯй marketsϳϰ͘ϲй Middle East 4 Domestic Brazil 1.6% -31.4% -29.4% -2.4% 81.6% -32.8% -29.5% -4.1% 81.6% Airlines based in the Middle East and Europe posted Seasonally Chinaadjusted domesticJapan RPKs (indexed to 100 in Jan 2019) Decemberof new variants in bo thas regions. well as RPKssupply in issuesthe Middle in vaccine East 4 The fall in domestic traffic was driven by Asia 60 19.9% -33.9% -15.1% -18.2% 64.0% -29.1% -14.9% -12.7% 64.0% Domestic traffic outcomes were more stable in Brazil, 120 30%Russia40% 50% USA60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Dom. China P.R. arebroadly impacted unchanged by low rates traffic of volumesdecline comparedon long-haul to 4 distributions. WĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌůŽĂĚĨĂĐƚŽƌƐ;йŽĨĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞƐĞĂƚŬŵƐ͕ĂĐƚƵĂůͿ 2.1% -37.6% -22.5% -16.8% 69.3% -38.5% -23.6% -16.8% 69.3% Australia Domestic India Domestic markets deteriorated again in January, at a India and the US at respectively 31.4%, 37.6% and routes.December In Europe,. In January the 2021,weakness international is driven RPKs by strictwere Sources:40 IATA Economics, IATA Monthly Statistics *Data from 1990 onwards 4 100 Domestic Japan 1.5% -71.3% -39.9% -35.0% faster31.9% pace-72.3% than during-40.8% the two-36.3% previous31.9% months. 60.3% below January 2019 RPKs. Indeed, the stringency of measures governments 4 lockdownsrespectively and 82.3% high andcovid 83.2% cases. lower than two years Dom. Russian Fed. 3.4% 5.5% -0.7% 4.7% 80.1% 1.2% -8.4% 7.5% 80.1% 20 have imposed on international air travel has increased 80 4 Indeed, industry-wide domestic RPKs fell by 47.4% ago. SA volumes trended sideways compared to International markets remained weak in January Domestic US 16.6% -60.3% -37.8% -28.7% 50.5% -62.6% -41.0% -29.2% 50.5% While Brazil has faced a strong increase in virus cases Airlines based in Asia Pacific closed the growth China Japan 1 2 3 compared to pre-crisis values (Jan 2019) this month. Decemberin most regions in bo thsince regions. late DecemberRPKs in the 2020. Middle Controls East 0 % of industry RPKs in 2020 Change in load factor vs same month in 2019 Load factor level in the recent period, travel restrictions remain ranking for the 7th consecutive months, with International60 RPKs were still down 85.6% in January are particularly strict in Europe and Asia Pacific. They Russia USA 4 SA levels fell by close to 10% month-on-month after are impacted by low traffic volumesvs onJan long2019-haul compared to January 2019, close to the outcome of Note: the seven domestic passenger markets for which broken-down data are available account for approximately 46% of global total RPKs and 84% of total domestic RPKs relatively loose. In India on the contrary, new COVID Australia internationalroutes.are likely In to Europe, only RPKs ease thedown slowly weakness 94.6% until significant is driven byprogress strictin 40 trending sideways in December. theSource: IATAmonth Monthly Statisticsbefore (85.3% year-on-year). SA Note: The total industry and regional growth rates are based on a constant sample of airlines combining reported data and estimates for missing observations. Airline traffic is allocated cases have been on a downward trend since January.lockdownsis made Whileon and vaccination highCOVID covid outbreaks, meaningcases. havethat airbeen traffic mostly will according to the region in which the carrier is registrated; it should not be considered as regional traffic. international20 RPKs were broadly unchanged The decline in domestic traffic was driven by Asia n September. The US faced a strong spike in new cases controlledremain muted in the in regionthe near recently,-term. travel restrictions are Domestic RPKs of Russian airlines were up 5.5% Airlines based in Asia Pacific closed the growth compared to December. markets, and in particular China – which now accounts around the year-end celebrations and COVID cases the strictest among ththe main regions. With slow compared0 to January 2019, driven by a fall in COVID The upshot is that despite the strong rebound in for close to 20% of global total RPKs – where domestic have remain elevated since the start of the crisis, vaccinationranking for plans, the any7 improvementconsecutive inmonths, international with As has been the case throughout most of 2020, economic activity, large consumervs Jansavings 2019 and cases since a peak late in December and by national RPKs fell by 33.9% compared to January 2019. This is preventing a significant restart in air travel. trafficinternational is unlikely RPKs in the down coming 94.6% months. in 53carriers | HERMES in Africa • THE posted MAGAZINE the most #13resilient › JANUARY - MARCH 2021 resilient willingness to fly, air travel is unlikely to holidaysSource: IATA Monthlyin theStatistics first week of the month. a dramatic contrast with mid-2020, where traffic was January. While COVID outbreaks have been mostly international traffic performance. In January, IATA Economics The fall in domestic traffic was driven by Asia Get the data IATA Economics Mobile App IATA Economics Consulting controlledrebound before in the governmentsregion recently, lift travel restrictions restrictions (Chart are 4). Domesticinternational trafficRPKs RPKs outcomesof fell Russian by 66.1% were airlines vs more Jan werestable 2019 , upupin Brazil from5.5% , close to pre-crisis values. The fall is due to stricter [email protected] Access data related to this briefing through 100% free access to our analysis & briefing To find out more about our tailored economics nd Dtheomestic strictest markets among deteriorated the main again regions. in January, With slowat a Indiacompared68.8% and year theto-on JanuaryUS-year at respectivelyin 2019, December driven 31.4%, 2020by a .fall The37.6% in regionCOVID and traffic controls ahead of the Chinese New Year amid 2 March 2021 Chart 4: Stringency of government international air IATA’s Monthly Statistics publication: for iOS & Android devices. For more details consulting solutions, visit: fastervaccination pace plans,than duringany improvement the two previous in international months. 60.3%benefits below from January less stringent 2019 RPKs. restrictions and lower www.iata.org/monthly-traffic-statistics several localized COVID outbreakswww.iata.org/consulting (Chart 7). travel measures by region cases since a peak late in December and by national or for links to download, see here Indeed,traffic is industryunlikely -inwide the comingdomestic months. RPKs fell by 47.4% COVID cases (Chart 6). Whileholidays Brazil in the has first faced week a strong of the increasemonth. in virus cases compared to pre-crisis values (Jan 2019) this month. The fall in domestic traffic was driven by Asia inDomestic the recent traffic outcomesperiod, travel were morerestrictions stable inremain Brazil, Air Passenger Market Analysis – January 2021 3 SA levels fell by close to 10% month - on - month after DAiromestic Passenger marketsMarket Analysis deteriorated – January 202 1again in January, at a relativelyIndia and loosethe US. In atIndia respectively on the contrary, 31.4%, new37.6% COVID 2and Terms and Conditions for the use of this IATA Economics Report and its contents can be found here: www.iata.org/economics-terms trending sideways in December. By using this IATA Economics Report and its contents in any manner, you agree that the IATA Economics Report Terms and Conditions faster pace than during the two previous months. cases60.3% belowhave Januarybeen on 2019 a RPKs.downward trend since apply to you and agree to abide by them. If you do not accept these Terms and Conditions, do not use this report. TheIndeed, decline industry in domestic-wide domestic traffic wasRPKs driven fell byby 47.4%Asian September. The US faced a strong spike in new cases While Brazil has faced a strong increase in virus cases markets,compared and to inpre particular-crisis values China (Jan – which 2019) now this accounts month. around the year-end celebrations and COVID cases in the recent period, travel restrictions remain forSA closelevels to fell 20% by ofclose global to total10% RPKsmonth – -whereon-month domestic after have remain elevated since the start of the crisis, relatively loose. In India on the contrary, new COVID RPKstrending fell sidewaysby 33.9% incompared December. to January 2019. This is preventing a significant restart in air travel. cases have been on a downward trend since a dramatic contrast with mid-2020, where traffic was September. The US faced a strong spikeIATA in Economics new cases closeThe decline to pre -incrisis domestic values. traffic The fallwas is driven due to by stricter Asian markets, and in particular China – which now accounts around the year-end [email protected] and COVID cases traffic controls ahead of the Chinese New Year amid nd have remain elevated since the start2 of March the 20crisis,21 severalfor close localized to 20% ofCOVID global outbreaks total RPKs (Chart – where 7). domestic RPKs fell by 33.9% compared to January 2019. This is preventing a significant restart in air travel. a dramatic contrast with mid-2020, where traffic was IATA Economics close to pre-crisis values. The fall is due to stricter Air Passenger Market Analysis – January 2021 [email protected] 3 traffic controls ahead of the Chinese New Year amid 2nd March 2021 several localized COVID outbreaks (Chart 7).

Air Passenger Market Analysis – January 2021 3

Statistics compiled by IATA Economics used direct airline reporting complemented by estimates, including the use of FlightRadar24 data provided under license.

Air Passenger Market Analysis – January 2021 4

February 2021 Air Passenger Market Analysis Air passenger markets remain weak in February February 2021 • STATISTICS PassengerAir Passenger traffic remained weak in Febr Marketuary. Industry-wide Analysis revenue passenger-kilometres (RPKs) were 74.7% below preAir-crisis passenger levels in February 2019markets, compared toremain January’s level weak which wasin 72%February down. This weakness was driven by deteriorations in most international markets (down 88.7% overall on February 2019) as well as in domestic China (downThe• fall 51.2%). in traffic within China has been driven by Even in countries where vaccination is more • Passenger traffic remained weak in February. Industry-wide revenueThe passengerfall in traffic-kilometres within China (RPKs) has were been 74.7% driven below by Even in countries where vaccination is more Whilegovernment COVID requests cases have that fallencitizens globally stay at inhome February, during they remainadvanced high,, international and slow vaccination travel is kept progresses limited in orderin many to pre-crisis levels in February 2019, compared to January’s levelgovernment which was 72% requests down that. This citizens weakness stay wasat home driven during by advanced, international travel is kept limited in order to countriesthe traditional have lednew many year governments travel period to maintain. ‘Chunyun’ strict travelavoid restrictions. importing new variants and because both sides deteriorations in most international markets (down 88.7% overallthe ontraditional February new2019) year as well travel as inperiod domestic. ‘Chunyun’ China avoid importing new variants and because both sides • typically leads to January and February traffic volumes of the route require low infection rates. Of the main Positive(down signs 51.2%). were seen in domestic markets such as India, Australia and the US, which improved. Scheduled flights being close to those of December or March. In 2021 regions,typically only Africa leads andto January the Middle and FebruaryEast have traffic eased volumes of the route require low infection rates. Of the main and• bookings patterns point to a moderate rebound of RPKs in March. however,While RPKsCOVID during cases those have twofallen months globally combined in February, theyflight remain restrictionsbeing high, close and around to slow those February. vaccination of December progresses or March. in In m 2021any regions, only Africa and the Middle East have eased Airwere travelcountries roughly remains 40% have weak below led …many usual governments (Chart 3). to maintain strict travelindicators restrictions.however, point RPKsto a deteriorati during thoseon in two February. months There combined flight restrictions around February. Another month of record-low load factors • was a 30%were decline roughly between 40% below global usual bookings (Chart 3). for travel InChart FebruaryPositive 3: Domestic signs2021, were RPKsnew seen inCOVID China in domestic- 19around cases Chunyun markets remained such as India, Australia and the US, which improved. Scheduled flights Another month of record-low load factors and bookings patterns point to a moderate rebound of RPKsinIndustry December in MarchChart-wide . 3and : availableDomestic those forseat RPKs travel-kilometres in inChina February. around (ASKs) Over Chunyunwere the elevatedDomestic globally Chinese RPKs, and indexed governments to 100 in December maintained travel Industry-wide available seat-kilometres (ASKs) were 120 same63.1% period, lowerDomestic thanglobal Chinese pre scheduled RPKs,-crisis indexed outcomes topassenger 100 in December in flightsFebruary fell Average of 2015-2019 restrictionsAir travel. remainsAs a result, weak… industry-wide revenue indicators120 point to a deterioration in February. There 63.1% lower than pre-crisis outcomes in February by2019, close after to a20%. 59.2% fall in January.Average Theof largest 2015-2019 fall was passenger100 -kilometres (RPKs) remained weak, at a was a 30% decline between global bookings for travel 2019, after a 59.2% fall in January. The largest fall was In February 2021, newFEB COVID- 192021: cases remained in Europe (75.0%), while North America was the most level 74.7% lower than February 2019Traffic – a during pre-crisis Morein positively,December100 andearly those values for travelfor March in February. point toOver a the in Europe (75.0%), while North America was the most 80 elevated globally and governmentsJan maintained-Feb 41% travel resilient with a 48.1% drop in ASKs. SA ASKs have The fall in traffic within China has been driven by Even in countries where vaccination is more month that allows to better understand growth moderatesame period,rebound global in passenger scheduled trafficpassenger (ChartTraffic flights during 2). fell resilient with a 48.1% drop in ASKs. SA ASKs have restrictions. As a result, industrylower than-wide usual revenue been stable80 in the past few months. Jan-Feb 41% government requests that citizens stay at home during advanced, international travel is kept limited in order to outcomes. In January, there was a 72.2% fall versus Overall,by close it has to 20%.been a weaker start to 2021lower thanthan usual been stable in the past few months. 60 passenger-kilometresAir (RPKs) Passengerremained weak, at a Market Analysis the traditional new year travel period. ‘Chunyun’ avoid importing new variants and because both sides January 2019. expectedFebruary60 inwas current another forecasts. month of record-low load level 74.7% lower than February2021 2019 – a pre-crisis More positively, early values for March point to a typically leads to January and February traffic volumes of the route require low infection rates. Of the main 40 factors, with the industry-wide metric down 25.3 February was another month of record-low load The upwards trend in seasonally adjusted (SA) RPKs Chartmoderate 2 – Trends rebound in passenger in passenger bookings 2021 andtraffic flights (Chart 2). month that allows to better understand growth percentage40 points (ppts) compared with February beingfactors, close with to thethose industry of December-wide metric or March. down In 202125.3 regions, only Africa and the Middle East have eased has20 alsooutcomes. flattened In January, off since there November was a. 72.2%There wasfall versus a PassengerOverall, bookings it andhas scheduled been flights, a indexed weaker to 100 in Janstart 2019 to 2021 than however, RPKs during those two months combined flight restrictions around February. 2019,140 to 55.4%. Except Latin America, all the regions percentage points (ppts) compared with February slight improvement versus January (Chart 1). expected20 in current forecasts. January 2019. posted a record low value for the month (Chart 5). were2019, roughly to 55.4%. 40% Except below Latin usual America, (Chart 3). all the regions 0 120 Another month of record-low load factors posted a record low value for the month (Chart 5). ChartThe 1December – upwards Air passenger trendJanuary volumesin seasonallyFebruary adjustedMarch (SA) RPKs Chart0 2 – Trends in passenger bookings and flights Chart 3: Domestic RPKs in China around Chunyun Chart 5 – Passenger load factors by regionChina domestic /ŶĚƵƐƚƌǇZW<Ɛ;ďŝůůŝŽŶƉĞƌŵŽŶƚŚͿSource: IATA Statistics 100 December January February March Industry-wide available seat-kilometres (ASKs) were has also flattened off since November. There was a Passenger bookings and scheduled flights, indexed to 100 inFeb contributedJan 2021 2019 Feb to 201930% ChartDomestic 5 – PassengerChinese RPKs, indexed load tofactors 100 in December by region 140 Source: IATA Statistics of the Dec-Feb fall 900 All-time Feb low* All-time Feb high* 120 63.1% lower than pre-crisis outcomes in February 80 ϱϱ͘ϰй ϴϬ͘ϳй Average of 2015-2019 Feb 2021 Feb 2019 The slightThegood fall impr news inovement traffic is that within versus the declineChina January hasmay (Chart been reverse 1). driven in by IndustryEven in countries where vaccination is more Scheduled flights All-time Feb low* All-time Feb high* 2019, after a 59.2% fall in January. The largest fall was 800 Actual 120 ϱϱ͘ϰй ϴϬ͘ϳй 60 The good news is that the decline may reverse in 100Industry March,government with flights requests scheduled that citizens in domestic stay at home China during advanced, international travel is kept limitedϲϴ͘ϯй inϴϭ͘ϱй order to Chart 1 – Air passenger volumes L. America in Europe (75.0%), while North America was the most 700 100 China domestic climbingthe/ŶĚƵƐƚƌǇZW<Ɛ;ďŝůůŝŽŶƉĞƌŵŽŶƚŚͿ traditionalabove pre -crisisnew yearvalues travel. Air fares period have. ‘Chunyun’ also avoidMarch, importing with flightsnew variants scheduled and because in domestic both sides China Traffic duringϲϴ͘ϯй ϴϭ͘ϱй 40 contributed to 30% L. America resilient with a 48.1% drop in ASKs. SA ASKs have 600 ϱϵ͘ϭй ϴϮ͘ϵй 80 Jan-Feb 41% 900 climbing above pre-crisis values. Air faresof the Dec have-Feb fall also reboundedtypically in leads March to in January that market, and February indicating traffic that volumes the Asia Pacificof80 the route require low infection rates. Of the main lower than usual Seasonally 20 ϱϵ͘ϭй ϴϮ͘ϵй been stable in the past few months. 500 Bookings Asia Pacific gap beingbetween800 close supply to adjustedthose and demand of December is closing. or March. In 2021 regions,rebounded only inAfrica March and in thethat Middlemarket,Scheduled East indicating flights have eased that the Actual 60 ϱϲ͘ϯй ϴϭ͘ϳй 60 0 Europe February was another month of record-low load Reported400 however, COVID RPKs cases during in thoseAfrica two were months falling combined in versusflightgap February restrictions between 2019, supply around after and February. demanddeclining is closing.47.8% in ϱϲ͘ϯй ϴϭ͘ϳй High cases700 and slow vaccination create risk aversion Europe 2021 40 ϱϮ͘ϳй ϴϬ͘ϲй 40 factors, with the industry-wide metric down 25.3 February.300 were Internationalroughly 40% belowtravel usualrestrinctions (Chart 3). remained JanuaryN. America (Chart 8).

600 Jul 2019 Jul 2020

AnotherJan 2019 High cases month and of slowrecordJan 2020 vaccination-low load factors create riskJan 2021 aversion Mar 2019 Mar 2020 Mar 2021 Sep 2019 Sep 2020 Sep Nov 2019 Nov 2020 May 2019 May 2020 ϱϮ͘ϳй ϴϬ͘ϲй lessGlobal strict new than COVID elsewhere,-19 cases helping were carriers on a downwardbased in 20 N. America percentage points (ppts) compared with February 200 Seasonally Bookings ϱϭ͘ϲй ϳϬ͘ϳй Chart500 3: Domestic RPKs in China around Chunyun ChartSource:AfricaSRS 8 Analyzer– Domestic and IATA DDS RPK growth versus the same 20 the region to top the internationaladjusted RPKs performance IndustryGlobal- widenew availableCOVID-19 seat cases-kilometres were on (ASKs) a downward were 2019, to 55.4%. Except Latin America, all the regions trend in February (around 40% below January), in ϱϭ͘ϲй ϳϬ͘ϳй 100 Domestic Chinese RPKs, indexed to 100 in December 0 400 month in 2019, registration basis Africa ϯϵ͘ϴй ϳϮ͘ϯй chartparticular 120for the in fifthNorth consecutive America. That month, said, with they a 68.0%remain Middle63.1% Easttrend lowerin February than pre (around-crisis outcomes40% below in January)February, in posted a record low value for the month (Chart 5). …with dom China beingFeb a 2021 key contributorJan 2021 0 0 Average of 2015-2019 300 December January February Marchϯϵ͘ϴй ϳϮ͘ϯй declineworryingly compared high in to markets pre-crisis such outcomes Europe (Chart and 6).Latin 2019,particular after a in59.2% NorthJul 2019 fall America. in January. That The Jul 2020 said, largest they fall remainwas Middle East

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Jan 2019 Jan 2020 Jan 2021 Mar 2019 Mar 2020 Mar 2021 Sep 2019 Sep 2020 Sep Nov 2019 Nov 2020 Industry30% 40% May 2019 50% 60%-51.0%70% 80% 90%May 2020 100% Source: IATA Statistics Chart 5 – Passenger load factors by region 100 Growth performanceWĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌůŽĂĚĨĂĐƚŽƌƐ;йŽĨĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞƐĞĂƚŬŵƐ͕ĂĐƚƵĂůͿ continues-47.8% to be patchy and AmericaSources: IATA200 Economics, and were IATA Monthly also Statistics growing in the Middle East. inSource: worryinglyEuropeSRS Analyzer (75.0%), andhigh IATA DDSwhilein markets North Americasuch Europe was the and most Latin Feb 2021 Feb 2019 International RPKs of airlines in North America and the 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Traffic during inconsistentSources:Domestic IATA Economics, Russia IATA across Monthly Statistics the main markets. Domestic*Data from2.9% 1990 onwards US WĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌůŽĂĚĨĂĐƚŽƌƐ;йŽĨĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞƐĞĂƚŬŵƐ͕ĂĐƚƵĂůͿ All-time Feb low* All-time Feb high* resilientAmerica with and a were48.1% also drop growing in ASKs. in the SA Middle ASKs5.5% East. have ϱϱ͘ϰй ϴϬ͘ϳй 10080 Jan-Feb 41% The good news is that the decline may reverse in Industry MiddleMoreover, East vaccination both declined programs by 83.1% progress compared slowly andto Sources: IATA Economics, IATA Monthly Statistics *Data from 1990 onwards …but traffic may moderately rebound in March…lower than usual andDomestic …domesticwith India dom ChinaAustralia being improved a -key30.8% contributor in February for 0 been stable in the past few-37.6% months. Februaryat the end 2019. of Februar Thosey , outcomesthere had onlywere been only 3.3 modest doses All internationalMoreover, markets vaccination deteriorated programs in Februaryprogress… slowly and March, with flights scheduled in domestic China ϲϴ͘ϯй ϴϭ͘ϱй 602017 2018 2019 2020 2021 instance. But most international markets deteriorated, L. America deteriorationsActual and seasonally compared adjusted to January volumes (79.2 %diverge and DomesticGrowth Brazil performance continues-34.9% to be patchy and climbing above pre-crisis values. Air fares have also givenSources: per IATA100 Economics, people IATA Monthlyworldwide. Statistics Of the main regions, Februaryat the end was of Februaranothery , month-there31.4% hadof onlyrecord been-low 3.3 load doses All international markets deteriorated in February… withGlobal Europe international and Latin RPKs America fell bybeing 88.7% among in Januarythe main ϱϵ͘ϭй ϴϮ͘ϵй 82.1slightly%). regarding the trend in traffic. 2021However, other inconsistent across the main markets. Domestic US rebounded in March in that market, indicating that the Asia Pacific North 40America has progressed the furthest. But in contri2021Domesticfactors, butorsgivenversus China pertowith theJanuary 100 theglobal people industry- 51.2% 2019,downward worldwide. -widethe trend. worstmetric Of the growthdown main regions, 25.3 Global international RPKs fell by 88.7% in January …but traffic may moderately rebound in March… -37.5% Africa and APAC, vaccinations have barely started. percentageandNorth domestic America points Australia has (ppts) progressed improvedcompared the in with furthestFebruary February. Butfor in gap between supply and demand is closing. ϱϲ͘ϯй ϴϭ͘ϳй New infections are falling and vaccinations are rising outcomeDomestic USA since July 2020.-56.1% All the regions we track 2021 versus January 2019, the worst growth Europe Air passenger20 market overview - February 2021 instance. But most-58.4% international markets deteriorated, inThis NorthActual has Americadiscouraged and seasonally– in governmentsparticular adjusted in the from USvolumes lifting. Looking most diverge contributed2019,Africa to to 55.4%.and the APAC,decline Except vaccinations (Chart Latin 6) America,. have all barelythe regions started. Highoutcome cases since and slowJuly vaccination2020. All the create regions risk aversionwe track To aid understanding, the table includes both % comparisons with pre-crisis 2019Dom. Australia months and 2020-60.5% months. ϱϮ͘ϳй ϴϬ͘ϲй with Europe-77.3% and Latin America being among the main N. America ahead,lockdownsslightly there andregarding are trav signsel restrictionstrafficthe trend will inpick (Chart traffic. up 4)soon .However, in that other postedThis has a record discouraged low value governments for the month from (Chart lifting 5). most contributed to the decline (Chart 6). 0 February 2021 (% ch vs the same month in 2019) February 2021 (% year-on-year, 2020) World Chart 6 – International-72.8% RPK growth versus the same Global new COVID-19 cases were on a downward December 1 January February March 2 Domesticcontrilockdowns3 Japanbutors toand the trav globalel restrictions downward (Chart trend.2 4) . 3 ϱϭ͘ϲй ϳϬ͘ϳй region. The Middleshare East continuesRPK to be impactedASK PLF by (%-pt) PLF (level) RPK-72.3% ASK PLF (%-pt) PLF (level) Africa ChartSource: 4: Stringency IATA Statistics of government international air monthChart in 2019 5 – Passenger (airline region load of factors registration by region basis) trendChart in6 –February International (around RPK 40%growth below versus January) the same, in TOTALthe Airclosure MARKET passenger of its100.0% market long-haul overview -74.7%routes. - FebruaryTh-63.1%at said, 2021 the-25.3% 55.4% -100%-70.3%-80% -60%-59.3%-40% -20%-20.4% 0% Feb 202155.4%20%Feb 2019 travel measures by region Chart 4: StringencyFeb 2021 of Jangovernment 2021 international air month in 2019 (airline region of registration basis) ϯϵ͘ϴй ϳϮ͘ϯй Domestic revenue passengerAll-time Feb-kilometres low* (% chAll vs-time the Feb same high* month in 2019) particular in North America. That said, they remain Middle East robustInternationalTo aid recovery understanding, on45.7% the the large table India-88.7% includes-Middle both-77.9% %East comparisons route-38.8% with pre-crisis40.8% 2019 months-87.3% and 2020-76.5% months. -34.7% 40.8%ϱϱ͘ϰй ϴϬ͘ϳй The good news is that the decline may reverse in Sources:Industry IATAtravel IndustryEconomics,- 88.7%measures IATA Monthly Statistics by region Feb 2021 Jan 2021 -85.7% worryingly high in markets such Europe and Latin Domestic 54.3% -51.0% -37.1% -18.3% 64.3% -37.5% -25.8% -12.0% 64.3% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% is a positive (down roughlyWorld 60%February in Janu 2021ary). (% ch vs the same month in 2019) February 2021 (% year-on-year, 2020) Industry March, with flights scheduled in domestic China ϲϴ͘ϯй ϴϭ͘ϱй -88.7% WĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌůŽĂĚĨĂĐƚŽƌƐ;йŽĨĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞƐĞĂƚŬŵƐ͕ĂĐƚƵĂůͿ 1 21 3 2 3 2 3 America and -were85.7% also growing in the Middle East. % of industry RPKs in 2020 share Change in load factorRPK vs same monthASK in 2019PLF (%-pt)Load factorPLF AfricalevelL. (level) America -68.0%RPK ASK PLF (%-pt) PLF (level) Performanceclimbing ofabove carriers pre -basedcrisis valuesin Latin. Air America fares haveand also Domestic China was-66.1% the main contributor to the Sources: IATA Economics, IATA Monthly Statistics *Data from 1990 onwards TOTAL MARKET 100.0% -74.7% -63.1% -25.3% 55.4% -70.3% -59.3% -20.4% 55.4% -68.0% ϱϵ͘ϭй ϴϮ͘ϵй Moreover,Africa vaccination programs progress slowly and rebounded in March in that market, indicating that the overallMiddleAsia East domestic Pacific -83.1% fall, with domestic RPKs being down -66.1% Europe International worsened more45.7% than-88.7% other regions.-77.9% -38.8% 40.8% -82.1% -87.3% -76.5% -34.7% 40.8% Air Passenger Market Analysis – February 2021 51.2% in February 2021 versus February 2019.1 at Middlethe Eastend of Februar-83.1% y, there had only been 3.3 doses All international markets deteriorated in February… International Domesticgap between RPKs supply were54.3% anddown demand respectively -51.0% is closing.-37.1% 83.5% -18.3% 64.3% -37.5% -25.8% -12.0% ϱϲ͘ϯй ϴϭ͘ϳй64.3% N. AmericaEurope -83.1% -82.1% 1 2 3 -79.2% given per 100 people worldwide. Of the main regions, and %89.0% of industry in RPKs February in 2020 comparedChange to in the load factorsame vs samemonth month in 2019 Load factor level Global international RPKs fell by 88.7% in January High cases and slow vaccination create risk aversion But some markets grew. In February, domestic RPKs N. America -83.1% -83.5% ϱϮ͘ϳй ϴϬ͘ϲй North America -79.2%has progressed the furthest. But in prior to the pandemic in 2019. L. AmericaN. America 2021 versus January 2019, the worst growth of Russian airlines-78.5% increased by 2.9% compared to the Global new COVID-19 cases were on a downward AfricaL. America and APAC,-83.5% vaccinations have barely started. outcome since July 2020. All the regions we track -89.0% ϱϭ͘ϲй ϳϬ͘ϳй -78.5% GovernementsAir Passenger Market in AnalysisLatin – AmericaFebruary 20 21have imposed sameEurope monthAfrica in 2019. New COVID infections have been1 trend in February (around 40% below January) , in -83.4% This has discouraged governments from lifting most contributed to the decline (Chart 6). relatively loose travel restrictions, helping to support diminishing since early January and travel restrictions Europe -89.0% particular in North America. That said, they remain Asia Pacific -95.2% ϯϵ͘ϴй ϳϮ͘ϯй lockdowns and-83.4% travel restrictions (Chart 4). several key international routes, such as Nth-Central withinMiddle the -East 94.8%country are relatively limited. Chart 6 – International RPK growth versus the same worryingly high in markets such Europe and Latin Asia Pacific -95.2% America and Central-Sth America (Chart 7). But cases -100%30% -90%40%-80% -70%50% -60%60%-50%70%-40% -30%80% -20%90%-10% 100%0% Chart 4: -Stringency94.8% of government international air month in 2019 (airline region of registration basis) America and were also growing in the Middle East. International revenueWĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌůŽĂĚĨĂĐƚŽƌƐ;йŽĨĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞƐĞĂƚŬŵƐ͕ĂĐƚƵĂůͿ passenger-kilometres (% ch vs the same month in 2019) Domestic traffic was resilient in India and Brazil, falling travel measures-100% -90% by-80% region-70% -60% -50% -40% -30% -20% -10% 0% Feb 2021 Jan 2021 are climbing again in that region and the economic Sources: Sources:IATA Economics, IATA Economics, IATA Monthly IATA Monthly Statistics Statistics *Data from 1990 onwards International revenue passenger-kilometres (% ch vs the same month in 2019) by respectively 30.8% and 34.9% compared to Industry -88.7% impactMoreover, of the crisisvaccination is expected programs to progressbe significant. slowly and Sources: IATA Economics, IATA Monthly Statistics -85.7% Europeanat the traffic end of continuedFebruary, thereto be had impacted only been by 3.3the doses FebruaryAll international 2019. markets deteriorated in February… Africa -68.0% -66.1% spreadAir Passengergiven of COVID Marketper 100 Analysis and people slow – Febr uaryvaccinationworldwide. 2021 Of programs the main . regions, In India, Global new i nternational cases were RPKs low fell in by February, 88.7% in January 2and Middle East -83.1% North America has progressed the furthest. But in Chart 7 – International RPKs by route (segment-based) vaccinations2021Air Passenger versus have Market started.January Analysis But – Febr2019, casesuary 20 the2increased1 worst againgrowth 2 -82.1% Africa and APAC, vaccinations have barely started. International RPK growth by routes (Feb 2021, % year-on-year 2019) in March,outcome and sincethe large July 2020.economic All the impact regions from we the track N. America -83.1% -50% -79.2% This has discouraged governments from lifting most crisiscontributed will delay a to return the decline to the (Chartstrong 6) growth. rates of -55% L. America -83.5% lockdowns and travel restrictions (Chart 4). the recent past. Brazil’s domestic air travel benefits -78.5% -60% ChartAir passenger 6 – International market detail RPK - February growth 2021 versus the same Central - Sth Am from light-touch control measures, but its RPKs Europe -89.0% -65% Chart 4: Stringency of government international air month in 2019 (airline region of registration basis) -83.4% Nth - Central Am To aid understanding, the table includes both % comparisons with pre-crisis 2019 months and 2020 months. performance was the weakestFeb 2021 sinceJan 2021 October this -70% travelAfr measures - ME by region Asia Pacific -95.2% World February 2021 (% ch vs the same month in 2019) February 2021 (% year-on-year, 2020) -94.8% Afr - Eur month. Industry -88.7% 1 2 3 2 3 -75% share RPK ASK PLF (%-pt) PLF (level) RPK ASK PLF (%-pt) PLF (level) Nth - Sth Am -85.7% -100% -90% -80% -70% -60% -50% -40% -30% -20% -10% 0% TOTAL MARKET 100.0% -74.7% -63.1% -25.3% 55.4% -70.3% -59.3% -20.4% 55.4% -80% ME - Nth Am Eur - Central Am International revenue passenger-kilometres (% ch vs the same month in 2019) ME - Asia DomesticAfrica USA and Australia-68.0% registered improvements Within Sth Am Africa -66.1%0.0% -66.1% -53.6% -19.0% 51.6% -65.8% -55.9% -15.1% 51.6% Sources: IATA Economics, IATA Monthly Statistics -85% Eur - Sth Am in passenger Asia Pacific traffic, with38.6% falls of respectively-74.9% -64.8%56.1% -23.8% 59.1% -56.7% -50.1% -9.0% 59.1% -83.1% -90% Asia - Nth Am Eur - Nth Am Middle East Within Eur Europe -82.1% 23.6% -82.8% -75.0% -25.4% 56.3% -82.8% -75.2% -25.1% 56.3% Eur - Asia and 60.5% compared to the pre-crisis month of -95% Afr - Asia Latin America 5.7% -62.4% -55.1% -13.3% 68.3% -63.8% -56.8% -13.2% 68.3% Eur - ME FebruaryN. America 2019. -83.1% Within Asia -79.2% Air Passenger Market Analysis – February 2021 2 -100% Middle East 7.4% -81.7% -66.8% -32.5% 39.8% -82.0% -67.3% -32.6% 39.8% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% The improvement NorthL. America America -in83.5% the US22.7% is driven -66.1%by falling rates-48.1% of -27.9% 52.7% -67.2% -50.3% -27.3% 52.7% Share of total global RPKs (Year ended Feb 2021) -78.5% Reported COVID cases in Africa were falling in versusSources: IATA February Economics, IATA Monthly2019, Statistics after by Routedeclining 47.8% in contagion while vaccination is also accelerating. In Europe -89.0% February. International travel restrinctions remained January (Chart 8). Australia International however,- 83.4%vaccinations45.7% have-88.7% been limited,-77.9% but -38.8% 40.8% -87.3% -76.5% -34.7% 40.8% Africa 1.6% -68.0% -54.6% -20.5% 49.1% -67.5% -56.6% -16.4% 49.1% There was still no improvement for international Asia Pacific -95.2% less strict than elsewhere, helping carriers based in new cases fell- 94.8%back to low numbers, after a brief spike passengerChart 8 – trafficDomestic of a irlinesRPK growth registered versus in Asia the P sameacific . Asia Pacific 10.9% -95.2% -87.5% -50.0% 31.1% -93.0% -84.7% -37.0% 31.1% the region to top the international RPKs performance that triggered increased-100% -90% -80% restrictions-70% -60% -50% -40%in January.-30% -20% -10% 0% Indeed,month in international2019, registration RPKs basis were down 95.2% in Europe 18.5% -89.0% -80.5% -36.0% 46.4% -89.0% -80.5% -35.8% 46.4% chart for the fifth consecutive month, with a 68.0% Latin AmericaInternational revenue passenger2.2% -kilometres (%-83.5% ch vs the same month-75.4% in 2019) -26.7% 54.6% -83.5% -75.4% -26.7% 54.6% Feb 2021 Jan 2021 DomesticSources: IATA Japan Economics, was IATA Monthly the Statistics weakest of the key markets decline compared to pre-crisis outcomes (Chart 6). February, as traffic was limited by strict travel Middle East 7.0% -83.1% -68.6% -33.4% 39.0% -83.3% -69.0% -33.5% 39.0% Industry -51.0% restrictions in that region-.47.8% we track, North with America domestic RPKs5.4% down 72.8%-83.1% in February.-63.9% -41.9% 36.7% -82.4% -62.8% -41.1% 36.7% International RPKs of airlines in North America and the Domestic Russia 2.9% After improvement during H2 2020, traffic has 5.5% Middle East both declined by 83.1% compared to …butAir some Passenger domestic Market Analysis markets – Febr reboundeduary 2021 Domestic 54.3% -51.0% -37.1% 2 -18.3% 64.3% -37.5% -25.8% -12.0% 64.3% Domestic India -30.8% returned to levels last seen in June-July. 4 February 2019. Those outcomes were only modest Both international and domestic-37.6% markets contributed Dom. Australia 0.7% -60.5% -59.4% -2.1% 75.8% -59.2% -59.0% -0.4% 75.8% 4 Domestic Brazil -34.9% Domestic Brazil 1.6% -34.9%IATA Economics-30.3% -5.4% 77.0% -37.3% -33.2% -5.0% 77.0% deteriorations compared to January (79.2% and to the deterioration in RPKs-31.4% in February. Indeed, 4 Dom. China P.R. 19.9% [email protected]% -34.7% -22.2% 65.5% 220.1% 130.2% 18.4% 65.5% 82.1%). -51.2% industryDomestic China-wide domestic RPKs fell by 51.0% this month 4 th -37.5% Domestic India 2.1% -30.8%7 April-17.5% 2021 -14.4% 74.9% -35.9% -24.7% -13.0% 74.9% 4 New infections are falling and vaccinations are rising Domestic USA -56.1% Domestic Japan 1.4% -72.8% -59.4% -23.7% 48.1% -72.1% -60.9% -19.3% 48.1% -58.4% 4 3.4% 2.9% -5.4% 6.7% 83.4% -4.5% -13.3% 7.7% 83.4% in North America – in particular in the US. Looking Air Passenger Market Analysis – February 2021 Dom. Russian Fed. 3 Dom. Australia -60.5% 4 ahead, there are signs traffic will pick up soon in that -77.3% Domestic US 16.6% -56.1% -38.3% -23.5% 58.0% -59.3% -43.2% -22.9% 58.0% 1 2 3 Domestic Japan -72.8% % of industry RPKs in 2020 Change in load factor vs same month in 2019 Load factor level region. The Middle East continues to be impacted by -72.3% 4 Note: the seven domestic passenger markets for which broken-down data are available account for approximately 46% of global total RPKs and 84% of total domestic RPKs the closure of its long-haul routes. That said, the -100% -80% -60% -40% -20% 0% 20% robust recovery on the large India-Middle East route Domestic revenue passenger-kilometres (% ch vs the same month in 2019) Note: The total industry and regional growth rates are based on a constant sample of airlines combining reported data and estimates for missing observations. Airline traffic is allocated Sources: IATA Economics, IATA Monthly Statistics according to the region in which the carrier is registrated; it should not be considered as regional traffic. is a positive (down roughly 60% in January).

Performance of carriers based in Latin America and Domestic China was the main contributor to the overall domestic fall, with domestic RPKs being down Europe worsened more than other regions. International RPKs were down respectively 83.5% 5451.2% | HERMES in February •2021 THE versus MAGAZINE February 2019. #13 › JANUARY - MARCH 2021 and 89.0% in February compared to the same month But some markets grew. In February, domestic RPKs Get the data IATA Economics Mobile App IATA Economics Consulting prior to the pandemic in 2019. of Russian airlines increased by 2.9% compared to the Access data related to this briefing through 100% free access to our analysis & briefing To find out more about our tailored economics Governements in Latin America have imposed same month in 2019. New COVID infections have been IATA’s Monthly Statistics publication: for iOS & Android devices. For more details consulting solutions, visit: www.iata.org/monthly-traffic-statistics www.iata.org/consulting relatively loose travel restrictions, helping to support diminishing since early January and travel restrictions or for links to download, see here several key international routes, such as Nth-Central within the country are relatively limited. America and Central-Sth America (Chart 7). But cases Domestic traffic was resilient in India and Brazil, falling are climbing again in that region and the economic Terms and Conditions for the use of this IATA Economics Report and its contents can be found here: www.iata.org/economics-terms impact of the crisis is expected to be significant. by respectively 30.8% and 34.9% compared to By using this IATA Economics Report and its contents in any manner, you agree that the IATA Economics Report Terms and Conditions European traffic continued to be impacted by the February 2019. apply to you and agree to abide by them. If you do not accept these Terms and Conditions, do not use this report. spread of COVID and slow vaccination programs. In India, new cases were low in February, and Chart 7 – International RPKs by route (segment-based) vaccinations have started. But cases increased again International RPK growth by routes (Feb 2021, % year-on-year 2019) in March, and the large economic impact from the -50% crisis will delay a return to the strong growth rates of -55% the recent past. Brazil’s domestic air travel benefits -60% Central - Sth Am from light-touch control measures, but its RPKs -65% Nth - Central Am performance was the weakest since October this -70% Afr - ME Afr - Eur month. -75% Nth - Sth Am -80% ME - Nth Am Eur - Central Am ME - Asia Domestic USA and Australia registered improvements Within Sth Am -85% Eur - Sth Am in passenger traffic, with falls of respectively 56.1% Asia - Nth Am Eur - Nth Am -90% Within Eur Eur - Asia and 60.5% compared to the pre-crisis month of -95% Afr - Asia Eur - ME Within Asia February 2019. -100% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% The improvement in the US is driven by falling rates of Share of total global RPKs (Year ended Feb 2021) Sources: IATA Economics, IATA Monthly Statistics by Route contagion while vaccination is also accelerating. In

Australia however, vaccinations have been limited, but There was still no improvement for international Statistics compiled by IATA Economics used direct airline reporting complemented by estimates, including the use of FlightRadar24 data provided under license. new cases fell back to low numbers, after a brief spike passenger traffic of airlines registered in Asia Pacific. that triggered increased restrictions in January. Indeed, international RPKs were down 95.2% in Air Passenger Market Analysis – February 2021 4 February, as traffic was limited by strict travel Domestic Japan was the weakest of the key markets restrictions in that region. we track, with domestic RPKs down 72.8% in February. After improvement during H2 2020, traffic has …but some domestic markets rebounded returned to levels last seen in June-July. Both international and domestic markets contributed IATA Economics to the deterioration in RPKs in February. Indeed, [email protected] industry-wide domestic RPKs fell by 51.0% this month 7th April 2021

Air Passenger Market Analysis – February 2021 3 STATISTICS

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OCT 2020: Air Transport Monthly Monitor World Results and Analyses.DEC Total 2020: scheduled Air Transport services Monthly Monitor (Domestic and international) World Results and Analyses for OCT 2020. Total scheduled services (domestic and international).

Air Transport Bureau ŚƚƚƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ŝĐĂŽ͘ŝŶƚͬƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďŝůŝƚǇͬWĂŐĞƐͬŝƌ>&ϮϬϭϰͲϮϬϭϱ>&ϮϬϭϯͲϮϬϭϰ ͲdƌĂĨĨŝĐͲDŽŶŝƚŽƌ͘ĂƐƉǆ E-mail: [email protected]

GLOBAL KEY FIGURES OCT 2020JUN OUTLOOK* - NOV 2020 ; (versus OCT 2019) (versus NOV 2019) ZW< -70.6% ^< -59.9% &d< -6.2% >&͗ 60.2% +0.1 pt ^< -58.1% Ύ^ŽƵƌĐĞK'

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ZW< ϯϬϬ ͲϲϬй ϯϬϬ Ͳϱϴ͘ϭй Ͳϳϱ͘ϯйͲϳϮ͘ϴйͲϳϬ͘ϲй ͲϴϬй Ͳϲϯ͘ϴй Ͳϲϯ͘ϬйͲϱϵ͘ϵй ϮϬϬ Ͳϳϵ͘ϴй ϮϬϬ Ͳϴϲ͘ϱй ͲϳϬ͘ϭй ͲϴϬй ϭϬϬ Ͳϵϰ͘ϯй Ͳϵϭ͘ϯй ͲϭϬϬй ϭϬϬ ͲϴϬ͘ϭй Ͳϴϳ͘ϬйͲϴϲ͘Ϭй Ͳ ͲϭϮϬй Ͳ ͲϭϬϬй :ƵůͲϮϬ :ƵůͲϮϬ :ĂŶͲϮϬ :ƵŶͲϮϬ KĐƚͲϮϬ ƉƌͲϮϬ &ĞďͲϮϬ ^ĞƉͲϮϬ ĞĐͲϭϵ :ĂŶͲϮϬ ƵŐͲϮϬ :ƵŶͲϮϬ EŽǀͲϮϬ EŽǀͲϭϵ KĐƚͲϮϬ DĂƌͲϮϬ ƉƌͲϮϬ &ĞďͲϮϬ ^ĞƉͲϮϬ ĞĐͲϭϵ DĂǇͲϮϬ ƵŐͲϮϬ EŽǀͲϭϵ DĂƌͲϮϬ DĂǇͲϮϬ ;^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗/K͕/d͕K'Ϳ ;^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗/K͕/d͕K'Ϳ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂů dƌĂĨĨŝĐǀƐ͘dŽƵƌŝƐƚƌƌŝǀĂůƐ >ŽĂĚ&ĂĐƚŽƌͲ >&

/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌƚƌĂĨĨŝĐĨĞůůďǇͲϴϳ͘ϴйzŽzŝŶKĐƚŽďĞƌϮϬϮϬ͕нϭ͘ϬƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞ dŚĞƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌ>ŽĂĚ&ĂĐƚŽƌƌĞĂĐŚĞĚϲϬ͘ϮйŝŶKĐƚŽďĞƌϮϬϮϬ͕нϬ͘ϭ ƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞƉŽŝŶƚ ƉŽŝŶƚƵƉĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĞĐůŝŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐŵŽŶƚŚ͘/ŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐ ŝŶŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůƚƌĂǀĞů ŚŝŐŚĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŚĞƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐŵŽŶƚŚ͘ ĐŽŶƚŝŶƵĞĚƚŽďĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂŶƚǁŝƚŚƐƵďĚƵĞĚĚĞŵĂŶĚĂŶĚŽŶŐŽŝŶŐĐƌŽƐƐͲďŽƌĚĞƌƚƌĂǀĞů ƐƚŚĞĨĂůůŝŶĂŝƌƚƌĂǀĞůĚĞŵĂŶĚǁĂƐƐƚŝůůĚĞĞƉĞƌƚŚĂŶĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇĐƵƚ͕ƚŚĞKĐƚŽďĞƌ>&ǁĂƐ ƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚŝŽŶƐĂĐƌŽƐƐĂůůƌĞŐŝŽŶƐ͘ ͲϮϭ͘ϴƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞƉŽŝŶƚƐůŽǁĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŚĞƌĂƚĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƉĞƌŝŽĚŽĨϮϬϭϵ͘ dŚĞŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůƚŽƵƌŝƐƚĂƌƌŝǀĂůƐĂůƐŽƌĞŵĂŝŶĞĚƐƚĂŐŶĂŶƚĂŶĚĨŽůůŽǁĞĚĂƐŝŵŝůĂƌƚƌĞŶĚĂƐ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌƚƌĂĨĨŝĐ͘ ϮϬй Ϯ͘ϵй Ϯ͘ϯй ϭ͘ϴй ϵϬй Ϭй Ͳϭϭ͘ϳй ϴϬй ϯ͘ϭй ϯ͘ϴй Ϯ͘ϱй ϴϮ͘ϯй ϴϮ͘Ϭй ͲϮϬй ͲϭϬ͘ϭй ϴϭ͘ϭй ϴϬ͘ϯй ϳϬй ϳϱ͘ϵй ͲϰϬй Ͳϱϰ͘ϲй ϲϬй >& >&ϮϬϭϵͲϮϬϮϬ ͲϲϬй Ͳϱϱ͘ϴй ϲϬ͘ϭй ϲϬ͘Ϯй Ͳϳϴ͘ϲй ͲϴϬ͘Ϭй ϲϬ͘ϲй ϱϳ͘ϲй ϱϳ͘ϵй ϱϴ͘ϱй ͲϴϬ͘ϱй Ͳϴϯй ϱϬй >&ϮϬϭϴͲϮϬϭϵ zŽzŐƌŽǁƚŚ ͲϴϬй ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůZW< Ͳϵϳ͘ϭйͲϵϲ͘ϲйͲϵϭ͘ϱй ϱϬ͘ϳй ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůƚŽƵƌŝƐƚĂƌƌŝǀĂůƐΎ ͲϭϬϬй Ͳϵϭ͘ϵй Ͳϴϴ͘ϯй Ͳϴϴ͘ϴй Ͳϴϳ͘ϴй ϰϬй Ͳϵϴ͘ϰй Ͳϵϴ͘ϯй Ͳϵϲ͘ϴй ͲϭϮϬй ϯϬй ϯϲ͘ϲй :Ƶů :ĂŶ :ƵŶ KĐƚ Ɖƌ &Ğď ^ĞƉ ĞĐ ƵŐ EŽǀ DĂƌ DĂǇ :ƵůͲϮϬ :ĂŶͲϮϬ :ƵŶͲϮϬ KĐƚͲϮϬ ƉƌͲϮϬ ^ĞƉͲϮϬ &ĞďͲϮϬ ĞĐͲϭϵ ƵŐͲϮϬ EŽǀͲϭϵ DĂƌͲϮϬ DĂǇͲϮϬ ΎhEtdKĞĨŝŶŝƚŝŽŶ ;^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗/d͕hEtdKͿ ;^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗/dͿ

FREIGHT TRAFFIC Ϭй Ͳϭ͘ϭй &ƌĞŝŐŚƚ dŽŶŶĞͲ<ŝůŽŵĞƚƌĞƐͲ &d< Ͳϱй ͲϮ͘ϳй Ͳϯ͘ϯй Ͳϭ͘ϰй Ͳϲ͘Ϯй tŽƌůĚĨƌĞŝŐŚƚƚƌĂĨĨŝĐ ƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚĂĚĞĐůŝŶĞŽĨ Ͳϲ͘ϮйzŽzŝŶKĐƚŽďĞƌϮϬϮϬ͕нϭ͘ϴ ͲϭϬй Ͳϴ͘Ϭй &d< Ͳϭϱ͘Ϯй ͲϭϮ͘ϲй ƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞƉŽŝŶƚƐƵƉ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞĨĂůůŝŶƚŚĞƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐŵŽŶƚŚ͘ĞŵĂŶĚŝŶĂŝƌĐĂƌŐŽ Ͳϭϱй Ͳϭϯ͘ϱй ĐŽŶƚŝŶƵĞĚƚŽƌĞĐŽǀĞƌƐŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂŶƚůǇĨĂƐƚĞƌƚŚĂŶĂŝƌƚƌĂǀĞůĚĞŵĂŶĚ͕ĚĞƐƉŝƚĞĂƚĂƐůŝŐŚƚůǇ ͲϮϬй Ͳϭϳ͘ϲй

ĞĂƐĞĚƉĂĐĞ͘dŚĞŵĂŝŶĐĂƵƐĞŽĨƚŚĞŽǀĞƌĂůůŵŽĚĞƌĂƚŝŽŶǁĂƐƚŚĞƐŽĨƚĞŶŝŶŐŝŶEŽƌƚŚ zŽzŐƌŽǁƚŚ ͲϮϬ͘ϯй ŵĞƌŝĐĂĂŶĚĨƌŝĐĂ͕ƉĂƌƚŝĐƵůĂƌůǇŝŶƚŚĞůĂƚƚĞƌ͘EĞǀĞƌƚŚĞůĞƐƐ͕ƚŚĞƚǁŽƌĞŐŝŽŶƐƌĞŵĂŝŶĞĚ ͲϮϱй ĂƐƚŚĞƐƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚƉĞƌĨŽƌŵŝŶŐŽŶĞƐĂŶĚŚĂǀĞƌĞƚƵƌŶĞĚƚŽƉƌĞͲĐƌŝƐŝƐůĞǀĞůƐƐŝŶĐĞ ͲϯϬй ͲϮϳ͘ϳй ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌ͘DŽƌĞŽǀĞƌ͕ƚŚĞƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇŝŶƚŚĞDŝĚĚůĞĂƐƚƐƚĂůůĞĚ͕ĂĨĨĞĐƚĞĚďǇĂǁĞĂŬĞƌ :ƵůͲϮϬ :ĂŶͲϮϬ :ƵŶͲϮϬ KĐƚͲϮϬ ƉƌͲϮϬ

ĚĞŵĂŶĚƚŽͬĨƌŽŵĨƌŝĐĂ͘/ŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐǁĞƌĞƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚďǇƚŚĞƌĞŵĂŝŶŝŶŐƌĞŐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚ &ĞďͲϮϬ ^ĞƉͲϮϬ ĞĐͲϭϵ ƵŐͲϮϬ EŽǀͲϭϵ DĂƌͲϮϬ DĂǇͲϮϬ ĂƉĂƌƚŝĐƵůĂƌůǇďƌŝƐŬƵƉƐǁŝŶŐŝŶ>ĂƚŝŶŵĞƌŝĐĂͬĂƌŝďďĞĂŶ͘ ;^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗/dͿ

ZKEzD^͗ /͗ŝƌƉŽƌƚƐŽƵŶĐŝů/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂů͖^<͗ǀĂŝůĂďůĞ^ĞĂƚͲ<ŝůŽŵĞƚƌĞƐ͖/d͗ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůŝƌdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚƐƐŽĐŝĂƚŝŽŶ͖&d<͗&ƌĞŝŐŚƚdŽŶŶĞͲ<ŝůŽŵĞƚƌĞƐ͖>&͗WĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌ>ŽĂĚ&ĂĐƚŽƌ͖ K'͗ KĨĨŝĐŝĂůŝƌůŝŶĞ'ƵŝĚĞ͖ZW<͗ZĞǀĞŶƵĞWĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌͲ<ŝůŽŵĞƚƌĞƐ͖ hEtdK͗ tŽƌůĚdŽƵƌŝƐŵKƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƚŝŽŶ͖zŽz͗zĞĂƌͲŽŶͲǇĞĂƌ͖zd͗zĞĂƌͲƚŽͲĚĂƚĞ͘

55 | HERMES • THE MAGAZINE #13 › JANUARY - MARCH 2021 STATISTICS

▶ CONTINUED FROM PAGE 55 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

OCT 2020: Air TransportDEC 2020: AirMonthly Transport Monthly Monitor Monitor World Results and Analyses.World Total Results and scheduled Analyses for OCT 2020. services Total scheduled services (domestic and international). Air Transport Bureau (Domestic and international) E-mail: [email protected]

TOP 15 AIRPORTS (Ranked by aircraft departures, passengers and volume of freight) OCT 2020: -28.1%, -36.9%, and +6.2% YoY in terms of aircraft departures, passengers and freight for the Top 15 KdϮϬ

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TOP 15 AIRLINE GROUPS (Ranked by RPK) KdϮϬ ZW<;ďŝůůŝŽŶͿ й^ŚĂƌĞ OCT 2020: -60.7% YoY in terms of RPK for the Top 15 ƵŵƵůĂƚŝǀĞ zŽz ŽĨtŽƌůĚ й^ŚĂƌĞ /ŶƚĞƌŵƐŽĨZW<͕ƚŚĞdŽƉϭϱĂŝƌůŝŶĞŐƌŽƵƉƐĂĐĐŽƵŶƚĞĚĨŽƌϱϴ͘ϴйŽĨƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚΖƐƚŽƚĂůZW<ŝŶKĐƚŽďĞƌ Ͳ ϱ ϭϬ ϭϱ ϮϬ dŽƚĂů ϮϬϮϬĂŶĚĚĞĐůŝŶĞĚďǇͲϲϬ͘ϳйzŽz͘ dŚŝƐĚĞĐůŝŶĞǁĂƐϵ͘ϵ ƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞƉŽŝŶƚƐƐŵĂůůĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŚĞĨĂůůŝŶ ŚŝŶĂ^ŽƵƚŚĞƌŶ ϭϴ͘Ϯ ͲϮϱ͘ϲй ϴ͘ϵй ϴ͘ϵй ǁŽƌůĚΖƐĂǀĞƌĂŐĞZW<͕ǁŝƚŚĂůůĂŝƌůŝŶĞƐŝŶƚŚĞdŽƉϭϱƉŽƐƚŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚŝŽŶƐ͘ ŝƌŚŝŶĂ ϭϮ͘ϳ Ͳϯϱ͘ϯй ϲ͘ϯй ϭϱ͘Ϯй ŚŝŶĂĂƐƚĞƌŶ ϭϮ͘ϱ Ͳϯϯ͘Ϭй ϲ͘Ϯй Ϯϭ͘ϰй ^ĂŵĞĂŝƌůŝŶĞƐĂƐŝŶƚŚĞƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐŵŽŶƚŚĐůĂŝŵĞĚƚŚĞdŽƉϭϱ ĂůďĞŝƚǁŝƚŚĚŝǀĞƌŐŝŶŐƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇƉĂĐĞ͘ůůŝŶ ŵĞƌŝĐĂŶ1 ϭϬ͘ϲ ͲϲϮ͘ϴй ϱ͘Ϯй Ϯϲ͘ϲй Ăůů͕ĂŝƌůŝŶĞƐǁŝƚŚůĂƌŐĞƌĚŽŵĞƐƚŝĐŵĂƌŬĞƚƐĂƉƉĞĂƌĞĚƚŽďĞŵŽƌĞƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶƚ͘ hŶŝƚĞĚ1 ϵ͘ϳ Ͳϲϱ͘ϲй ϰ͘ϴй ϯϭ͘ϰй 1 ĞůƚĂ ϵ͘ϯ ͲϳϬ͘ϲй ϰ͘ϲй ϯϲ͘Ϭй 1 ŚŝŶĞƐĞĂŝƌůŝŶĞƐĐŽŶƚŝŶƵĞĚƚŽůĞĂĚƚŚĞĐŚĂƌƚĂŶĚƉŽƐƚĞĚĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂďůǇƐŵĂůůĞƌĚĞĐůŝŶĞƐ͘ŚŝŶĂ &Ͳ<>D ϳ͘Ϯ Ͳϳϭ͘ϯй ϯ͘ϲй ϯϵ͘ϱй 1 ^ŽƵƚŚĞƌŶ͕ŝƌŚŝŶĂ͕ ĂŶĚ ŚŝŶĂĂƐƚĞƌŶŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞdŽƉϯǁŝƚŚƚƌĂĨĨŝĐƌĞƚƵƌŶŝŶŐƚŽŽǀĞƌϲϬйŽĨ ^ŽƵƚŚǁĞƐƚ ϳ͘Ϭ ͲϲϬ͘ϲй ϯ͘ϱй ϰϯ͘Ϭй ϮϬϭϵůĞǀĞůƐ͘dǁŽŽƚŚĞƌĂŝƌůŝŶĞƐ͕,ĂŝŶĂŶŝƌůŝŶĞƐ ĂŶĚ ^ƉƌŝŶŐŝƌůŝŶĞƐ͕ ƌĂŶŬĞĚĂƚϵƚŚĂŶĚϭϱƚŚ͕ ,ĂŝŶĂŶŝƌůŝŶĞƐ ϲ͘ϱ Ͳϰϳ͘ϴй ϯ͘Ϯй ϰϲ͘Ϯй ĞƌŽĨůŽƚ ϱ͘ϲ Ͳϱϴ͘Ϯй Ϯ͘ϳй ϰϴ͘ϵй ƌĞƐƉĞĐƚŝǀĞůǇ͖ĂŶĚƚŚĞůĂƚƚĞƌĂůƐŽƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚƚŚĞĨĂƐƚĞƐƚƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞdŽƉϭϱǁŝƚŚĂŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞ 1 /' ϰ͘ϴ ͲϴϬ͘ϲй Ϯ͘ϰй ϱϭ͘ϯй 1 ĚĞĐůŝŶĞŽĨͲϯ͘ϲй͘ >ƵĨƚŚĂŶƐĂ'ƌŽƵƉ ϰ͘ϰ Ͳϴϯ͘ϰй Ϯ͘Ϯй ϱϯ͘ϰй dƵƌŬŝƐŚŝƌůŝŶĞƐ ϰ͘Ϯ ͲϳϬ͘Ϭй Ϯ͘Ϭй ϱϱ͘ϱй &ŽůůŽǁŝŶŐƚŚĞdŽƉϯŚŝŶĞƐĞĂŝƌůŝŶĞƐǁĞƌĞƚŚĞƚŚƌĞĞŵĂũŽƌh^ĂŝƌůŝŶĞƐ͕ŝ͘Ğ͘ŵĞƌŝĐĂŶ͕hŶŝƚĞĚ ĂŶĚ 1 ZǇĂŶĂŝƌ ϯ͘ϱ Ͳϳϳ͘Ϭй ϭ͘ϳй ϱϳ͘Ϯй ĞůƚĂ ǁŚŽƐĞƚƌĂĨĨŝĐĚĞĐůŝŶĞĚƌĂŶŐŝŶŐĨƌŽŵͲϲϬƚŽͲϳϬй͘^ŽƵƚŚǁĞƐƚ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĚƚǁŽƉŽƐŝƚŝŽŶƐƚŽϴƚŚ ^ƉƌŝŶŐŝƌůŝŶĞƐ ϯ͘ϯ Ͳϯ͘ϲй ϭ͘ϲй ϱϴ͘ϴй ǁŝƚŚĂƐůŝŐŚƚůǇĨĂƐƚĞƌƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞh^ĂŝƌůŝŶĞƐ͘ dŽƉϭϱdŽƚĂůZW<Ɛ ϭϮϬ ďŝůůŝŽŶ ͲϲϬ͘ϳй ϱϴ͘ϴй DĂƌŐŝŶĂůŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐǁĞƌĞƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚďǇĂŝƌůŝŶĞƐŝŶƵƌŽƉĞ͕ŶĞǀĞƌƚŚĞůĞƐƐ͕&Ͳ<>D ĐůŝŵďĞĚƵƉƚǁŽ tŽƌůĚdŽƚĂůZW<Ɛ ϮϬϯ ďŝůůŝŽŶ ͲϳϬ͘ϲй ϭϬϬ͘Ϭй ƉŽƐŝƚŝŽŶƐƚŽϳƚŚ ŽƵƚƉĞƌĨŽƌŵŝŶŐŽƚŚĞƌĂŝƌůŝŶĞƐŝŶƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘/ŶĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚ͕ďŽƚŚĞƌŽĨůŽƚ ĂŶĚZǇĂŶĂŝƌ ǁĞƌĞĚŽǁŶƚǁŽƉŽƐŝƚŝŽŶƐƌĞƐƉĞĐƚŝǀĞůǇƚŽϭϬƚŚ ĂŶĚϭϰƚŚ͕ƉŽƐƚŝŶŐĚĞƚĞƌŝŽƌĂƚĞĚĚĞĐůŝŶĞƐ͕ƉĂƌƚŝĐƵůĂƌůǇ ;^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗/K͕ĂŝƌůŝŶĞƐΖǁĞďƐŝƚĞƐͿ ĨŽƌĞƌŽĨůŽƚĚƵĞƚŽƚŚĞƐůŽǁĚŽǁŶŝŶĚŽŵĞƐƚŝĐƚƌĂĨĨŝĐƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇ͘ EŽƚĞ͗dŽƚĂůƐĐŚĞĚƵůĞĚĂŶĚŶŽŶͲƐĐŚĞĚƵůĞĚƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ

CAPACITY BY REGION (ICAO Statistical Regions) tŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚĞĚ ďǇ OCT 2020: -59.9% YoY in terms of World ASK Ͳϱϵ͘ϵйzŽzŝŶKĐƚŽďĞƌ ϮϬϮϬ͘ ĂƉĂĐŝƚǇǁĞƌĞĂĚĚĞĚŝŶĂůůƌĞŐŝŽŶƐ й^ŚĂƌĞŽĨĂƉĂĐŝƚǇďǇZĞŐŝŽŶ Ͳϲϱ͘ϭйzŽz ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞǆĐĞƉƚŝŽŶŝŶƵƌŽƉĞǁŚŝĐŚ Ͳϱϱ͘ϭйzŽz Ϯ͘Ϯй ĨƌŝĐĂ ͲϲϬ͘ϴйzd ͲϱϬ͘ϱйzd ŚĂƐƐĞĞŶĨƵƌƚŚĞƌĐƵƚŝŶƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƚŽ ƐŝĂͬWĂĐŝĨŝĐ ƚŚĞƐƉŝŬĞŝŶKs/ͲϭϵĐĂƐĞƐĂŶĚ Ϯϰ͘ϵй Ͳϱϰ͘ϱйzŽz ŵŽƌĞƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚĞĚĐƌŽƐƐͲďŽƌĚĞƌƚƌĂǀĞů͘ ƵƌŽƉĞ Ͳϱϰ͘ϭйzd ϯϳ͘ϱй ͲϳϮ͘ϰйzŽz EŽƌƚŚŵĞƌŝĐĂĂŶĚƐŝĂͬWĂĐŝĨŝĐ ϳ͘Ϯй >ĂƚŝŶŵĞƌŝĐĂͬĂƌŝďďĞĂŶ Ͳϲϱ͘ϲϬйzŽz ͲϲϮ͘ϯйzd Ͳϲϯ͘ϵйzŽz ƐŚŽǁĞĚƚŚĞĨĂƐƚĞƐƚƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇŝŶ Ϯϯ͘ϲй ͲϲϮ͘Ϯйzd ϰ͘ϲй DŝĚĚůĞĂƐƚ Ͳϱϵ͘Ϯйzd ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ͕ǁŚŝůĞ>ĂƚŝŶ

EŽƌƚŚŵĞƌŝĐĂ ŵĞƌŝĐĂͬĂƌŝďďĞĂŶĂŶĚĨƌŝĐĂ tŽƌůĚ͗ ƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚƚŚĞďŝŐŐĞƐƚŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐ Ͳϱϵ͘ϵйzŽz ;^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗/K͕/d͕K'Ϳ ĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐŵŽŶƚŚ͘ EŽƚĞ͗dŽƚĂůƐĐŚĞĚƵůĞĚƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ Ͳϱϲ͘ϰйzd

* Embarked Passengers ** Loaded and Unloaded Freight inTonnes 1. ICAO estimates

ZKEzD^͗/͗ ŝƌƉŽƌƚƐŽƵŶĐŝů/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂů͖^<͗ ǀĂŝůĂďůĞ^ĞĂƚͲ<ŝůŽŵĞƚƌĞƐ͖/d͗/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůŝƌdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚƐƐŽĐŝĂƚŝŽŶ͖&d<͗ &ƌĞŝŐŚƚdŽŶŶĞͲ<ŝůŽŵĞƚƌĞƐ͖ >&͗WĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌ>ŽĂĚ&ĂĐƚŽƌ͖ K'͗KĨĨŝĐŝĂůŝƌůŝŶĞ'ƵŝĚĞ͖ZW<͗ZĞǀĞŶƵĞWĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌͲ<ŝůŽŵĞƚƌĞƐ͖hEtdK͗tŽƌůĚdŽƵƌŝƐŵKƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƚŝŽŶ͖zŽz͗zĞĂƌͲŽŶͲǇĞĂƌ͖zd͗zĞĂƌͲƚŽͲĚĂƚĞ͘

56 | HERMES • THE MAGAZINE #13 › JANUARY - MARCH 2021 STATISTICS

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT NOV 2020: Air Transport Monthly Monitor World Results and Analyses. Total scheduled services World Results and Analyses.JAN Total 2021: scheduled Air Transport services Monthly Monitor (Domestic and international) (Domestic and international) World Results and Analyses for NOV 2020. Total scheduled services (domestic and international).

GLOBAL KEY FIGURES NOV 2020JUN OUTLOOK* - DEC 2020 ; (versus NOV 2019) (versus NOV 2019) ZW< -70.3% ^< -58.6% &d< -6.6% >&͗ 58.0% -2.2 pt ^< -55.7% Ύ^ŽƵƌĐĞK'

PASSENGER TRAFFIC CAPACITY ZĞǀĞŶƵĞWĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌͲ<ŝůŽŵĞƚƌĞƐͲ ZW< ǀĂŝůĂďůĞ^ĞĂƚͲ<ŝůŽŵĞƚƌĞƐͲ ^< tŽƌůĚƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌƚƌĂĨĨŝĐĨĞůů ďǇͲϳϬ͘ϯйzŽzŝŶEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϮϬ͕нϬ͘ϯƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞ ĂƉĂĐŝƚǇǁŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĨĞůůďǇͲϱϴ͘ϲйzŽzŝŶEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϮϬ͕нϭ͘ϯƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞƉŽŝŶƚƐ ƉŽŝŶƚƵƉĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĞĐůŝŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐŵŽŶƚŚ͘ŝƌƚƌĂǀĞůƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇǁĂƐŚĂŵƉĞƌĞĚ ƵƉĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĞĐůŝŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐŵŽŶƚŚ;Ͳϱϵ͘ϵйͿ͘ ďǇƚŚĞƌĞƐƵƌŐĞŶĐĞŝŶŽƵƚďƌĞĂŬƐĂŶĚƚŚĞƌĞƐƵůƚŝŶŐƌĞŝŵƉŽƐŝƚŝŽŶŽĨƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚŝŽŶƐ͘dŚĞ ƉƉƌŽĂĐŚŝŶŐƚŚĞĞŶĚŽĨǇĞĂƌƚƌĂǀĞůƉĞƌŝŽĚ͕ĂŝƌůŝŶĞƐĂƌĞĞǆƉĞĐƚĞĚƚŽĂĚĚŵŽƌĞ ŝŵƉĂĐƚŽŶƌĞŐŝŽŶƐǁĂƐĂŵŝǆ͘tŚĞƌĞĂƐƵƌŽƉĞƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚĂĚĞƚĞƌŝŽƌĂƚŝŽŶŝŶƚƌĂĨĨŝĐ͕ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ͘ƐĂƌĞƐƵůƚ͕ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚŝŽŶŝŶĞĐĞŵďĞƌǁŽƵůĚĞĂƐĞƚŽͲϱϱ͘ϳйzŽz͘ ŽƚŚĞƌƌĞŐŝŽŶƐƚŝĐŬĞĚƵƉƐŽŵĞǁŚĂƚǁŝƚŚ>ĂƚŝŶŵĞƌŝĐĂͬĂƌŝďďĞĂŶƐŚŽǁŝŶŐƚŚĞĨĂƐƚĞƐƚ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐ͘ŽŵĞƐƚŝĐƚƌĂǀĞůƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇŝŶŚŝŶĂĐŽŶƚŝŶƵĞĚƚŽďĞƚŚĞďĞƐƚ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵŝŶŐŵĂƌŬĞƚĂůďĞŝƚǁŝƚŚĂƐůŝŐŚƚƐůŽǁĚŽǁŶ͘ ϵϬϬ ϮϬй ZW< ZW

ϳϬϬ zŽzŐƌŽǁƚŚ

zŽzŐƌŽǁƚŚ Ͳϴ͘ϳй Ͳϭϰ͘ϭй ͲϮϬй Ϯ͘ϭй ϲϬϬ ϳϬϬ ϭ͘ϳй ͲϮϬй ϲϬϬ ϱϬϬ ͲϰϬй Ͳϯϲ͘Ϯй ;ďŝůůŝŽŶͿ

;ďŝůůŝŽŶͿ ϱϬϬ ͲϰϬй ͲϱϮ͘ϵй ϰϬϬ ͲϲϬй ϰϬϬ ^<

ZW< ϯϬϬ ͲϲϬй ͲϳϬ͘ϲй ϯϬϬ Ͳϱϴ͘ϲй Ͳϱϱ͘ϳй Ͳϵϰ͘ϯй ͲϳϮ͘ϴй ͲϳϬ͘ϯй ͲϴϬй Ͳϲϯ͘ϬйͲϱϵ͘ϵй ϮϬϬ Ͳϳϵ͘ϴйͲϳϱ͘ϯй ϮϬϬ Ͳϲϯ͘ϴй Ͳϴϲ͘ϱй ͲϳϬ͘ϭй ͲϴϬй ϭϬϬ Ͳϵϭ͘ϯй ͲϭϬϬй ϭϬϬ Ͳϴϳ͘ϬйͲϴϲ͘ϬйͲϴϬ͘ϭй Ͳ ͲϭϮϬй Ͳ ͲϭϬϬй :ƵůͲϮϬ :ƵůͲϮϬ :ĂŶͲϮϬ :ƵŶͲϮϬ KĐƚͲϮϬ ƉƌͲϮϬ &ĞďͲϮϬ ^ĞƉͲϮϬ ĞĐͲϮϬ ĞĐͲϭϵ :ĂŶͲϮϬ ƵŐͲϮϬ :ƵŶͲϮϬ EŽǀͲϮϬ KĐƚͲϮϬ DĂƌͲϮϬ ƉƌͲϮϬ ^ĞƉͲϮϬ &ĞďͲϮϬ ĞĐͲϭϵ DĂǇͲϮϬ ƵŐͲϮϬ EŽǀͲϮϬ DĂƌͲϮϬ DĂǇͲϮϬ ;^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗/K͕/d͕K'Ϳ ;^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗/K͕/d͕K'Ϳ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂů dƌĂĨĨŝĐǀƐ͘dŽƵƌŝƐƚƌƌŝǀĂůƐ >ŽĂĚ&ĂĐƚŽƌͲ >&

/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌƚƌĂĨĨŝĐĨĞůůďǇͲϴϴ͘ϯйzŽzŝŶEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϮϬ͕ͲϬ͘ϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞ dŚĞƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌ>ŽĂĚ&ĂĐƚŽƌƌĞĂĐŚĞĚϱϴ͘ϬйŝŶEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϮϬ͕ͲϮ͘Ϯ ƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞ ƉŽŝŶƚĚŽǁŶĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĞĐůŝŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐŵŽŶƚŚ͘ZĞĐŽǀĞƌǇ ŝŶŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůƚƌĂǀĞů ƉŽŝŶƚƐůŽǁĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŚĞƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐŵŽŶƚŚ͘ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌǁĞĂŬĞŶĞĚŵĂŝŶůǇĚƵĞƚŽƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƌĨĂůůŝŶ/ŶƚƌĂͲƵƌŽƉĞƚƌĂĨĨŝĐ͘ ƐƚŚĞĚĞĐůŝŶĞŝŶĂŝƌƚƌĂǀĞůĚĞŵĂŶĚǁĂƐĚĞĞƉĞƌƚŚĂŶĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇĐƵƚ͕ƚŚĞEŽǀĞŵďĞƌ>& dŚĞŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůƚŽƵƌŝƐƚĂƌƌŝǀĂůƐĂůƐŽƌĞŵĂŝŶĞĚƐƚĂŐŶĂŶƚĂŶĚĨŽůůŽǁĞĚĂƐŝŵŝůĂƌƚƌĞŶĚĂƐ ǁĂƐͲϮϯ͘ϭƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞƉŽŝŶƚƐůŽǁĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŚĞƌĂƚĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƉĞƌŝŽĚŽĨϮϬϭϵ͘ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌƚƌĂĨĨŝĐ͘

ϮϬй ϵϬй Ϯ͘ϯй ϭ͘ϴй Ϭй Ͳϭϭ͘ϳй ϴϬй ϯ͘ϴй Ϯ͘ϱй ϴϮ͘ϯй ͲϮϬй ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůZW< ϴϬ͘ϯй ϴϭ͘ϭй ͲϭϬ͘ϭй ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůƚŽƵƌŝƐƚĂƌƌŝǀĂůƐΎ ϳϬй ϳϱ͘ϵй ͲϰϬй Ͳϱϰ͘ϲй ϲϬй ϲϬ͘ϲй >& >&ϮϬϭϵͲϮϬϮϬ ͲϲϬй Ͳϱϱ͘ϴй ϲϬ͘ϭй ϲϬ͘Ϯй ͲϴϬ͘ϱй Ͳϳϴ͘ϲй ͲϴϬ͘Ϭй ϱϳ͘ϲй ϱϳ͘ϵй ϱϴ͘ϱй ϱϴ͘Ϭй Ͳϴϯ͘ϬйͲϴϱ͘Ϭй ϱϬй >&ϮϬϭϴͲϮϬϭϵ zŽzŐƌŽǁƚŚ ͲϴϬй Ͳϵϲ͘ϲй Ͳϵϭ͘ϱй Ͳϵϳ͘ϭй ϱϬ͘ϳй Ͳϴϴ͘ϯй Ͳϴϳ͘ϴй Ͳϴϴ͘ϯй ϰϬй ͲϭϬϬй Ͳϵϴ͘ϰй Ͳϵϲ͘ϴй Ͳϵϭ͘ϵй Ͳϴϴ͘ϴй Ͳϵϴ͘ϯй ϯϲ͘ϲй ͲϭϮϬй ϯϬй :Ƶů :ĂŶ :ƵŶ KĐƚ Ɖƌ &Ğď ^ĞƉ ĞĐ ƵŐ EŽǀ DĂƌ DĂǇ :ƵůͲϮϬ :ĂŶͲϮϬ :ƵŶͲϮϬ KĐƚͲϮϬ ƉƌͲϮϬ ^ĞƉͲϮϬ &ĞďͲϮϬ ĞĐͲϭϵ ƵŐͲϮϬ EŽǀͲϮϬ DĂƌͲϮϬ DĂǇͲϮϬ ΎhEtdKĞĨŝŶŝƚŝŽŶ ;^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗/d͕hEtdKͿ ;^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗/dͿ

FREIGHT TRAFFIC Ϭй Ͳϭ͘ϰй &ƌĞŝŐŚƚ dŽŶŶĞͲ<ŝůŽŵĞƚƌĞƐͲ &d< Ͳϱй ͲϮ͘ϳй Ͳϯ͘ϯй Ͳϲ͘Ϯй Ͳϲ͘ϲй tŽƌůĚĨƌĞŝŐŚƚƚƌĂĨĨŝĐ ƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚĂĚĞĐůŝŶĞŽĨ Ͳϲ͘ϲйzŽzŝŶEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϮϬ͕ͲϬ͘ϰ ͲϭϬй Ͳϴ͘Ϭй &d< ͲϭϮ͘ϲй ƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞƉŽŝŶƚĚŽǁŶ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞĨĂůůŝŶƚŚĞƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐŵŽŶƚŚ͘ŝƌĐĂƌŐŽƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇƐŽĨƚĞŶĞĚ Ͳϭϱй Ͳϭϯ͘ϱй ƐůŝŐŚƚůǇĂƐƚŚĞǀŝƌƵƐƌĞƐƵƌŐĞŶĐĞŚĂĚĂĨĨĞĐƚĞĚĚĞŵĂŶĚŝŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶŵĂƌŬĞƚƐ͘KŶƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌ Ͳϭϱ͘Ϯй ͲϮϬй Ͳϭϳ͘ϲй

ŚĂŶĚ͕ĚĞŵĂŶĚŝŶĂŝƌĐĂƌŐŽŝŶEŽǀĞŵďĞƌĂůƐŽďĞŶĞĨŝƚƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƉĞĂŬĞͲĐŽŵŵĞƌĐĞ zŽzŐƌŽǁƚŚ ͲϮϬ͘ϯй ĞǀĞŶƚƐƐƵĐŚĂƐůĂĐŬ&ƌŝĚĂǇĂŶĚŽƵďůĞϭϭ͘KǀĞƌĂůů͕ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇŝŶĂŝƌĐĂƌŐŽƐƚĂůůĞĚƐŝŶĐĞ ͲϮϱй ͲϮϳ͘ϳй ƚŚĞŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶƐŝĂͬWĂĐŝĨŝĐǁĞƌĞŽĨĨƐĞƚďǇƚŚĞƐĞƚďĂĐŬƐŝŶŽƚŚĞƌƌĞŐŝŽŶƐ͕ ͲϯϬй ƉĂƌƚŝĐƵůĂƌůǇŝŶ>ĂƚŝŶŵĞƌŝĐĂͬĂƌŝďďĞĂŶĂŶĚƵƌŽƉĞ͘EĞǀĞƌƚŚĞůĞƐƐ͕ĞǆƉĞĐƚĂƚŝŽŶƐĨŽƌ :ƵůͲϮϬ :ĂŶͲϮϬ :ƵŶͲϮϬ KĐƚͲϮϬ ƉƌͲϮϬ &ĞďͲϮϬ ĞĐĞŵďĞƌƌĞŵĂŝŶƐŽƉƚŝŵŝƐƚŝĐĂƐƚŚĞĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇǁŝůůůŝŬĞůǇĐŽŶƚŝŶƵĞĂŶĚƚŚĞ ^ĞƉͲϮϬ ĞĐͲϭϵ ƵŐͲϮϬ EŽǀͲϮϬ DĂƌͲϮϬ DĂǇͲϮϬ ĐŽŶƐƵŵĞƌĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƚŝŽŶĚƵƌŝŶŐŚŽůŝĚĂǇƐŚŽƉƉŝŶŐƐĞĂƐŽŶǁŝůůĂůƐŽďĞƐƵƉƉŽƌƚŝǀĞ͘ ;^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗/dͿ

57 | HERMES • THE MAGAZINE #13 › JANUARY - MARCH 2021 STATISTICS

▶ CONTINUED FROM PAGE 57 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

NOV 2020: Air TransportJAN 2021: Air Monthly Transport Monthly Monitor Monitor World Results and Analyses.World Total Results and scheduled Analyses for NOV 2020. services Total scheduled services (domestic and international). Air Transport Bureau (Domestic and international) E-mail: [email protected]

TOP 15 AIRPORTS (Ranked by aircraft departures, passengers and volume of freight) NOV 2020: -25.3%, -38.4%, and +6.0% YoY in terms of aircraft departures, passengers and freight for the Top 15 EKsϮϬ

ŝƌƉŽƌƚƐ ĞƉĂƌƚƵƌĞƐ zŽz ŝƌƉŽƌƚƐ WĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌƐΎ zŽz ŝƌƉŽƌƚƐ &ƌĞŝŐŚƚΎΎ zŽz ;ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐďǇŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨĚĞƉĂƌƚƵƌĞƐͿ ;ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐďǇŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌƐͿ ;ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐďǇƚŽŶŶĞƐŽĨĨƌĞŝŐŚƚͿ ƚůĂŶƚĂ'͕h^;d>Ϳ Ϯϰ͕ϱϯϭ ͲϯϬ͘ϵй 'ƵĂŶŐǌŚŽƵ͕E;EͿ Ϯ͕ϱϬϲ͕ϲϴϵ Ͳϭϵ͘ϯй ,ŽŶŐ<ŽŶŐ^Z͕E;,<'Ϳ ϰϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ ͲϮ͘ϭй ĂůůĂƐͬ&ŽƌƚtŽƌƚŚdy͕h^;&tͿ ϮϮ͕ϱϭϵ ͲϮϰ͘ϯй ŚĞŶŐĚƵ͕E;dhͿ Ϯ͕ϭϲϰ͕ϲϬϮ Ͳϱ͘ϴй DĞŵƉŚŝƐdE͕h^;DDͿ ϯϳϴ͕Ϭϰϵ ϲ͘ϲй ŚŝĐĂŐŽ/>͕h^;KZͿ Ϯϭ͕ϲϱϮ ͲϰϮ͘ϱй ĞŝũŝŶŐ͕E;W<Ϳ Ϯ͕Ϭϰϱ͕ϬϮϭ Ͳϰϵ͘ϭй ^ŚĂŶŐŚĂŝ͕E;Ws'Ϳ ϯϰϵ͕ϭϳϰ ϯ͘ϯй 'ƵĂŶŐǌŚŽƵ͕E;EͿ ϮϬ͕ϭϯϵ ͲϮ͘ϱй ^ŚĞŶǌŚĞŶ͕E;^yͿ ϭ͕ϵϳϭ͕ϱϯϬ ͲϭϬ͘ϵй ŶĐŚŽƌĂŐĞ<͕h^;EͿ ϯϬϬ͕ϳϰϴ ϭϵ͘ϯй ĞŶǀĞƌK͕h^;EͿ ϭϵ͕ϳϲϱ ͲϮϭ͘ϱй ƚůĂŶƚĂ'͕h^;d>Ϳ ϭ͕ϳϰϯ͕ϵϱϱ Ͳϱϵ͘ϵй /ŶĐŚĞŽŶ͕dͿ ϭϲ͕ϯϮϯ ͲϯϮ͘ϯй <ƵŶŵŝŶŐ͕E;ŽƵŝƐǀŝůůĞŽƐŶŐĞůĞƐ͕h^;>yͿ ϭϱ͕ϯϳϱ Ͳϰϯ͘ϳй dŽŬǇŽ͕:W;,EͿ ϭ͕ϱϰϬ͕ϬϮϱ Ͳϱϵ͘ϯй ŚŝĐĂŐŽ/>͕h^;KZͿ ϮϬϯ͕ϴϱϬ ϯϱ͘ϲй ŚĞŶŐĚƵ͕E;dhͿ ϭϱ͕ϭϴϬ Ϭ͘ϲй ,ĂŶŐǌŚŽƵ͕E;,',Ϳ ϭ͕ϱϬϭ͕ϱϱϴ Ͳϳ͘ϰй >ŽƐŶŐĞůĞƐ͕h^;>yͿ ϭϵϳ͕ϴϯϱ ϭϱ͘ϱй ^ŚĂŶŐŚĂŝ͕E;Ws'Ϳ ϭϱ͕ϭϲϳ ͲϮϲ͘ϳй ĞŶǀĞƌK͕h^;EͿ ϭ͕ϰϯϰ͕ϯϰϲ Ͳϰϱ͘ϵй dŽŬǇŽ͕:W;EZdͿ ϭϵϱ͕ϵϯϮ ϯ͘ϭй WŚŽĞŶŝǆ͕h^;sdͿ ϭϱ͕ϬϬϴ Ͳϭϴ͘Ϯй EĞǁĞůŚŝ͕/E;>Ϳ ϭ͕Ϯϱϯ͕ϯϮϰ ͲϲϬ͘ϰй DŝĂŵŝ&>͕h^;D/Ϳ ϭϵϮ͕ϲϱϯ ϭϬ͘Ϭй <ƵŶŵŝŶŐ͕E;

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TOP 15 AIRLINE GROUPS (Ranked by RPK) EKsϮϬ ZW<;ďŝůůŝŽŶͿ й^ŚĂƌĞ NOV 2020: -63.0% YoY in terms of RPK for the Top 15 ƵŵƵůĂƚŝǀĞ zŽz ŽĨtŽƌůĚ й^ŚĂƌĞ /ŶƚĞƌŵƐŽĨZW<͕ƚŚĞdŽƉϭϱĂŝƌůŝŶĞŐƌŽƵƉƐĂĐĐŽƵŶƚĞĚĨŽƌϱϴ͘ϰйŽĨƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚΖƐƚŽƚĂůZW<ŝŶ Ͳ ϱ ϭϬ ϭϱ ϮϬ dŽƚĂů EŽǀĞŵďĞƌ ϮϬϮϬĂŶĚĚĞĐůŝŶĞĚďǇͲϲϯ͘ϬйzŽz͘ dŚŝƐĚĞĐůŝŶĞǁĂƐϳ͘ϯ ƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞƉŽŝŶƚƐƐŵĂůůĞƌƚŚĂŶ ŚŝŶĂ^ŽƵƚŚĞƌŶ ϭϲ͘Ϯ ͲϮϵ͘ϯй ϴ͘ϴй ϴ͘ϴй ƚŚĞĨĂůůŝŶǁŽƌůĚΖƐĂǀĞƌĂŐĞZW<͕ǁŝƚŚĂůůĂŝƌůŝŶĞƐŝŶƚŚĞdŽƉϭϱƉŽƐƚŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚŝŽŶƐ͘ ŝƌŚŝŶĂ ϭϭ͘ϱ Ͳϯϴ͘ϱй ϲ͘Ϯй ϭϱ͘Ϭй ŚŝŶĂĂƐƚĞƌŶ ϭϬ͘ϱ ͲϰϮ͘Ϭй ϱ͘ϳй ϮϬ͘ϳй dŽƉϭϱ ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐĨůƵĐƚƵĂƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞŵŽŶƚŚŽĨEŽǀĞŵďĞƌĚƵĞƚŽƚŚĞƵŶĞǀĞŶŝŵƉĂĐƚŽĨƚŚĞƌĞŶĞǁĞĚ ŵĞƌŝĐĂŶ1 ϭϬ͘Ϯ ͲϲϬ͘ϯй ϱ͘ϱй Ϯϲ͘Ϯй ŽƵƚďƌĞĂŬƐŽŶĂŝƌƚƌĂǀĞůƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇĂĐƌŽƐƐƌĞŐŝŽŶƐ͘ hŶŝƚĞĚ1 ϵ͘ϲ ͲϲϮ͘ϵй ϱ͘Ϯй ϯϭ͘ϰй 1 ĞůƚĂ ϵ͘Ϯ Ͳϲϲ͘ϴй ϱ͘Ϭй ϯϲ͘ϰй 1 ŚŝŶĂ^ŽƵƚŚĞƌŶ͕ŝƌŚŝŶĂ͕ ĂŶĚ ŚŝŶĂĂƐƚĞƌŶƌĞƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞdŽƉϯƉŽƐŝƚŝŽŶƐĂŶĚĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞĚƚŚĞ ^ŽƵƚŚǁĞƐƚ ϳ͘ϭ Ͳϱϴ͘ϭй ϯ͘ϵй ϰϬ͘Ϯй ,ĂŝŶĂŶŝƌůŝŶĞƐ ϲ͘ϱ Ͳϰϳ͘ϴй ϯ͘ϱй ϰϯ͘ϳй ŵŽƐƚƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞdŽƉϭϱ͕ĂůďĞŝƚǁŝƚŚƐůŝŐŚƚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚŝŽŶ͘,ĂŝŶĂŶŝƌůŝŶĞƐ ĐůŝŵďĞĚƵƉŽŶĞ 1 ƉŽƐŝƚŝŽŶƚŽϴƚŚ ǁŚŝůĞŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶŝŶŐĂƐŝŵŝůĂƌůĞǀĞůŽĨƚƌĂĨĨŝĐĂƐƚŚĞƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐŵŽŶƚŚ͘ &Ͳ<>D ϱ͘ϴ Ͳϳϰ͘ϭй ϯ͘Ϯй ϰϲ͘ϵй ĞƌŽĨůŽƚ ϰ͘ϭ Ͳϲϰ͘Ϭй Ϯ͘Ϯй ϰϵ͘ϭй 1 &ŽƵƌh^ĂŝƌůŝŶĞƐ͕ŵĞƌŝĐĂŶ͕hŶŝƚĞĚ͕ĞůƚĂ ĂŶĚ^ŽƵƚŚǁĞƐƚ͕ ŽĐĐƵƉŝĞĚƚŚĞƉůĂĐĞƐŽĨϰƚŚ ƚŽϳƚŚ͕ǁŝƚŚzŽz /' ϰ͘ϭ Ͳϴϭ͘Ϯй Ϯ͘Ϯй ϱϭ͘ϰй ƚƌĂĨĨŝĐĚĞĐůŝŶĞƌĂŶŐŝŶŐĨƌŽŵͲϱϴƚŽͲϲϳй– ƐůŝŐŚƚŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐĨƌŽŵKĐƚŽďĞƌŽǁŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚ dƵƌŬŝƐŚŝƌůŝŶĞƐ ϯ͘ϳ Ͳϲϵ͘ϵй Ϯ͘Ϭй ϱϯ͘ϰй >ƵĨƚŚĂŶƐĂ'ƌŽƵƉ1 ϯ͘Ϯ ƚƌĂǀĞůĚƵƌŝŶŐdŚĂŶŬƐŐŝǀŝŶŐŚŽůŝĚĂǇƐ͘^ŽƵƚŚǁĞƐƚ ƌĂŶŬĞĚŽŶĞƉŽƐŝƚŝŽŶƵƉƚŽϳƚŚ͕ŝŵƉƌŽǀŝŶŐĨĂƐƚĞƌƚŚĂŶ Ͳϴϱ͘ϯй ϭ͘ϳй ϱϱ͘ϭй ŵŝƌĂƚĞƐ ϯ͘ϭ Ͳϴϲ͘ϲй ϭ͘ϳй ϱϲ͘ϴй ƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌƚŚƌĞĞh^ĂŝƌůŝŶĞƐ͘ >dDŝƌůŝŶĞƐ'ƌŽƵƉ ϯ͘ϭ ͲϳϬ͘ϲй ϭ͘ϳй ϱϴ͘ϰй

ŝƌůŝŶĞƐŝŶƵƌŽƉĞƐĂǁĨƵƌƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĞƌŝŽƌĂƚŝŽŶŝŶƚƌĂĨĨŝĐƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇ͕ŝŵƉĂĐƚĞĚďǇƚŚĞƐƵƌŐĞŝŶKs/Ͳϭϵ dŽƉϭϱdŽƚĂůZW<Ɛ ϭϬϴ ďŝůůŝŽŶ Ͳϲϯ͘Ϭй ϱϴ͘ϰй ĐĂƐĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚŵŽƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ͘&ŝǀĞĂŝƌůŝŶĞƐŝŶƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶƌĂŶŬĞĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶϵƚŚ ĂŶĚ tŽƌůĚdŽƚĂůZW<Ɛ ϭϴϱ ďŝůůŝŽŶ ͲϳϬ͘ϯй ϭϬϬ͘Ϭй ϭϯƚŚ͘&Ͳ<>D ĚƌŽƉƉĞĚƚǁŽƉŽƐŝƚŝŽŶƐƚŽϵƚŚ͕ǁŚĞƌĞĂƐƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌƐƐƚĂǇĞĚƌĞůĂƚŝǀĞůǇƐƚĂďůĞ͘ ;^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗/K͕ĂŝƌůŝŶĞƐΖǁĞďƐŝƚĞƐͿ &ŽƌƚŚĞĨŝƌƐƚƚŝŵĞƐŝŶĐĞƉƌŝůϮϬϮϬ͕ŵŝƌĂƚĞƐ ĂŶĚ>dD ƌĞĂƉƉĞĂƌĞĚŝŶƚŚĞdŽƉϭϱ͕ĂŶĚƌĂŶŬĞĚĂƚ ϭϰƚŚ ĂŶĚϭϱƚŚ͕ƌĞƐƉĞĐƚŝǀĞůǇ͘ EŽƚĞ͗dŽƚĂůƐĐŚĞĚƵůĞĚĂŶĚŶŽŶͲƐĐŚĞĚƵůĞĚƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ

CAPACITY BY REGION (ICAO Statistical Regions) tŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚĞĚ NOV 2020: -58.6% YoY in terms of World ASK ďǇͲϱϴ͘ϲйzŽzŝŶEŽǀĞŵďĞƌ ϮϬϮϬ͘ůůƌĞŐŝŽŶƐƐĂǁŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƐ й^ŚĂƌĞŽĨĂƉĂĐŝƚǇďǇZĞŐŝŽŶ Ͳϳϭ͘ϲйzŽz ŝŶĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ͕ĞǆĐĞƉƚĨŽƌƵƌŽƉĞ Ͳϰϴ͘ϳйzŽz Ϯ͘Ϯй ĨƌŝĐĂ Ͳϲϭ͘ϳйzd ͲϱϬ͘ϰйzd ǁŚĞƌĞĨƵƌƚŚĞƌƌĞĚƵĐƚŝŽŶǁĂƐ ƐŝĂͬWĂĐŝĨŝĐ ƐŚŽǁŶ͕ƐĞǀĞƌĞůǇŝŵƉĂĐƚĞĚďǇƚŚĞ Ϯϰ͘ϵй ͲϱϮ͘ϵйzŽz ĞůĞǀĂƚĞĚŝŶĨĞĐƚŝŽŶƌĂƚĞƐ͘ ƵƌŽƉĞ Ͳϱϰ͘Ϭйzd ϯϳ͘ϱй Ͳϲϵ͘ϱйzŽz dŚĞĨĂƐƚĞƐƚŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ ϳ͘Ϯй >ĂƚŝŶŵĞƌŝĐĂͬĂƌŝďďĞĂŶ Ͳϲϯ͘ϲйzŽz ͲϲϮ͘ϵйzd Ͳϱϱ͘ϯйzŽz ǁĂƐƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚďǇ>ĂƚŝŶ Ϯϯ͘ϲй ͲϲϮ͘Ϯйzd ϰ͘ϲй DŝĚĚůĞĂƐƚ Ͳϱϴ͘ϴйzd ŵĞƌŝĐĂͬĂƌŝďďĞĂŶĂŶĚEŽƌƚŚ

EŽƌƚŚŵĞƌŝĐĂ ŵĞƌŝĐĂ͖ƚŚĞůĂƚƚĞƌĂůƐŽƐŚŽǁĞĚ tŽƌůĚ͗ ƚŚĞƐŵĂůůĞƐƚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇĚĞĐůŝŶĞƐ Ͳϱϴ͘ϲйzŽz ;^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗/K͕/d͕K'Ϳ ĂŵŽŶŐĂůůƌĞŐŝŽŶƐ͘ EŽƚĞ͗dŽƚĂůƐĐŚĞĚƵůĞĚƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ Ͳϱϲ͘ϱйzd

* Embarked Passengers ** Loaded and Unloaded Freight inTonnes 1. ICAO estimates

ZKEzD^͗/͗ ŝƌƉŽƌƚƐŽƵŶĐŝů/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂů͖^<͗ ǀĂŝůĂďůĞ^ĞĂƚͲ<ŝůŽŵĞƚƌĞƐ͖/d͗/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůŝƌdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚƐƐŽĐŝĂƚŝŽŶ͖&d<͗ &ƌĞŝŐŚƚdŽŶŶĞͲ<ŝůŽŵĞƚƌĞƐ͖ >&͗WĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌ>ŽĂĚ&ĂĐƚŽƌ͖ K'͗KĨĨŝĐŝĂůŝƌůŝŶĞ'ƵŝĚĞ͖ZW<͗ZĞǀĞŶƵĞWĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌͲ<ŝůŽŵĞƚƌĞƐ͖hEtdK͗tŽƌůĚdŽƵƌŝƐŵKƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƚŝŽŶ͖zŽz͗zĞĂƌͲŽŶͲǇĞĂƌ͖zd͗zĞĂƌͲƚŽͲĚĂƚĞ͘

58 | HERMES • THE MAGAZINE #13 › JANUARY - MARCH 2021 STATISTICS

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DEC 2020: Air Transport Monthly Monitor World Results and Analyses. Total scheduled services World Results and Analyses.FEB Total 2021: scheduled Air Transport services Monthly Monitor (Domestic and international) (Domestic and international) World Results and Analyses for DEC 2020. Total scheduled services (domestic and international).

GLOBAL KEY FIGURES DEC 2020JUN OUTLOOK* - JAN 2021 ; (versus DEC 2019) (versus JAN 2020) ZW< -69.7% ^< -56.7% &d< -0.5% >&͗ 57.5% -0.5 pt ^< -58.0% Ύ^ŽƵƌĐĞK'

PASSENGER TRAFFIC CAPACITY ZĞǀĞŶƵĞWĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌͲ<ŝůŽŵĞƚƌĞƐͲ ZW< ǀĂŝůĂďůĞ^ĞĂƚͲ<ŝůŽŵĞƚƌĞƐͲ ^< tŽƌůĚƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌƚƌĂĨĨŝĐĨĞůů ďǇͲϲϵ͘ϳйzŽzŝŶĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϮϬ͕нϬ͘ϲƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞƉŽŝŶƚ ĂƉĂĐŝƚǇǁŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĨĞůůďǇͲϱϲ͘ϳйzŽzŝŶĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϮϬ͕нϭ͘ϵƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞƉŽŝŶƚƐ ƵƉĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĞĐůŝŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐŵŽŶƚŚ͘ůĞǀĂƚĞĚKs/ͲϭϵĐĂƐĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞƌĞƐƵůƚŝŶŐ ƵƉĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĞĐůŝŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐŵŽŶƚŚ;Ͳϱϴ͘ϲйͿ͘ ƚƌĂǀĞůƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚŝŽŶƐĐŽŶƚŝŶƵĞĚƚŽǁĞŝŐŚŽŶĂŝƌƚƌĂǀĞů͘^ƵďƐĞƋƵĞŶƚƚŽ ƚŚĞŝŶŝƚŝĂůƌĞďŽƵŶĚ /ŶƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƚŽƚŚĞƌĞŶĞǁĞĚŽƵƚďƌĞĂŬƐĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚĂŶĚĞĂƐĞŽĨƉĞĂŬŚŽůŝĚĂǇ ĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŽǁĞƐƚƉŽŝŶƚŝŶƉƌŝůƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚƚŚĞƐƵŵŵĞƌ͕ƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌƚƌĂĨĨŝĐƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇŚĂƐ ƚƌĂǀĞů͕ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇĚĞĐůŝŶĞŝŶ:ĂŶƵĂƌǇϮϬϮϭŝƐĞǆƉĞĐƚĞĚƚŽĂĐĐĞůĞƌĂƚĞƚŽͲϱϴ͘ϬйzŽz͘ ƐƚĂůůĞĚǁŝƚŚƐĞǀĞƌĂůŵŽŶƚŚƐŽĨŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐ͘&ŽƌϮϬϮϬĂƐǁŚŽůĞ͕ƚŽƚĂů ŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌƐǁĂƐĚŽǁŶͲϲϬйzŽzƚŽϭ͘ϴďŝůůŝŽŶ͕ďĂĐŬƚŽϮϬϬϯůĞǀĞůƐ͘ŚŝŶĂ ĚŽŵĞƐƚŝĐƚƌĂĨĨŝĐĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞĚƚŚĞƐǁŝĨƚĞƐƚƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇĂŵŽŶŐĂůůŵĂƌŬĞƚƐ͘ ϵϬϬ ϮϬй ZW< ZW

ϳϬϬ Ͳϭϰ͘ϭй zŽzŐƌŽǁƚŚ

zŽzŐƌŽǁƚŚ Ͳϴ͘ϳй ͲϮϬй ϭ͘ϳй ϲϬϬ ϳϬϬ ͲϮϬй ϲϬϬ ϱϬϬ ͲϰϬй Ͳϯϲ͘Ϯй ;ďŝůůŝŽŶͿ

;ďŝůůŝŽŶͿ ϱϬϬ ͲϱϮ͘ϵй ͲϰϬй ϰϬϬ ͲϲϬй ϰϬϬ ^<

ZW< ϯϬϬ ͲϲϬй ͲϳϬ͘ϯй ϯϬϬ Ͳϱϲ͘ϳйͲϱϴ͘Ϭй ͲϳϮ͘ϴйͲϳϬ͘ϲй Ͳϲϵ͘ϳй ͲϴϬй Ͳϲϯ͘ϬйͲϱϵ͘ϵйͲϱϴ͘ϲй ϮϬϬ Ͳϳϵ͘ϴйͲϳϱ͘ϯй ϮϬϬ Ͳϲϯ͘ϴй Ͳϴϲ͘ϱй ͲϳϬ͘ϭй ͲϴϬй ϭϬϬ Ͳϵϰ͘ϯйͲϵϭ͘ϯй ͲϭϬϬй ϭϬϬ ͲϴϬ͘ϭй Ͳϴϳ͘ϬйͲϴϲ͘Ϭй Ͳ ͲϭϮϬй Ͳ ͲϭϬϬй :ƵůͲϮϬ :ƵůͲϮϬ :ĂŶͲϮϭ :ĂŶͲϮϬ :ƵŶͲϮϬ KĐƚͲϮϬ ƉƌͲϮϬ &ĞďͲϮϬ ^ĞƉͲϮϬ ĞĐͲϮϬ :ĂŶͲϮϬ ƵŐͲϮϬ :ƵŶͲϮϬ EŽǀͲϮϬ KĐƚͲϮϬ DĂƌͲϮϬ ƉƌͲϮϬ &ĞďͲϮϬ ^ĞƉͲϮϬ ĞĐͲϮϬ DĂǇͲϮϬ ƵŐͲϮϬ EŽǀͲϮϬ DĂƌͲϮϬ DĂǇͲϮϬ ;^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗/K͕/d͕K'Ϳ ;^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗/K͕/d͕K'Ϳ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂů dƌĂĨĨŝĐǀƐ͘dŽƵƌŝƐƚƌƌŝǀĂůƐ >ŽĂĚ&ĂĐƚŽƌͲ >&

/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌƚƌĂĨĨŝĐĨĞůůďǇͲϴϱ͘ϯйzŽzŝŶĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϮϬ͕нϯ͘ϬƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞ dŚĞƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌ>ŽĂĚ&ĂĐƚŽƌƌĞĂĐŚĞĚϱϳ͘ϱйŝŶĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϮϬ͕ͲϬ͘ϱ ƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞƉŽŝŶƚ ƉŽŝŶƚƐƵƉĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĞĐůŝŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐŵŽŶƚŚ͘dŚĞƌĞŚĂƐďĞĞŶŶŽĐůĞĂƌƐŝŐŶƐŽĨ ůŽǁĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŚĞƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐŵŽŶƚŚ͘ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚŝŶŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůƚƌĂǀĞůƐŝŶĐĞƚŚĞƉĞĂŬŽĨĐƌŝƐŝƐŝŶƉƌŝů͘EƵŵďĞƌŽĨ ƐƚŚĞĚĞĐůŝŶĞŝŶĂŝƌƚƌĂǀĞůĚĞŵĂŶĚǁĂƐĨĂƐƚĞƌƚŚĂŶĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇĐƵƚ͕ƚŚĞĞĐĞŵďĞƌ>& ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌƐ ŝŶϮϬϮϬǁĂƐĨĂƌďĞůŽǁϮϬϭϵůĞǀĞůƐ͕ĂŶĚǁĂƐĚŽǁŶͲϳϰйzŽz͘ ǁĂƐͲϮϰ͘ϴƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞƉŽŝŶƚƐůŽǁĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŚĞƌĂƚĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƉĞƌŝŽĚŽĨϮϬϭϵ͘ dŚĞŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůƚŽƵƌŝƐƚĂƌƌŝǀĂůƐĂůƐŽƌĞŵĂŝŶĞĚƐƚĂŐŶĂŶƚĂŶĚĨŽůůŽǁĞĚĂƐŝŵŝůĂƌƚƌĞŶĚĂƐ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌƚƌĂĨĨŝĐ͘ ϮϬй ϵϬй ϭ͘ϴй Ϭй Ͳϭϭ͘ϳй ϴϬй Ϯ͘ϱй ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůZW< ϴϮ͘ϯй ϴϬ͘ϯй >&ϮϬϭϵͲϮϬϮϬ ͲϮϬй ͲϭϬ͘ϭй ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůƚŽƵƌŝƐƚĂƌƌŝǀĂůƐΎ ϳϬй ϳϱ͘ϵй ͲϰϬй >&ϮϬϭϴͲϮϬϭϵ Ͳϱϰ͘ϲй ϲϬй ͲϲϬй >& ϲϬ͘ϲй ϲϬ͘ϭй ϲϬ͘Ϯй Ͳϳϵ͘ϲйͲϳϲ͘ϳй Ͳϳϵ͘ϲй ϱϳ͘ϲй ϱϳ͘ϵй ϱϴ͘ϱй ϱϴ͘Ϭй ϱϳ͘ϱй Ͳϱϱ͘ϴй Ͳϵϭ͘Ϯй Ͳϴϯ͘ϰй Ͳϴϱ͘Ϭй ϱϬй zŽzŐƌŽǁƚŚ Ͳϴϴ͘Ϭй ͲϴϬй ϱϬ͘ϳй Ͳϵϲ͘ϲй Ͳϵϳ͘ϭй Ͳϴϱ͘ϯй ͲϭϬϬй Ͳϵϴ͘ϰй Ͳϵϭ͘ϵй Ͳϴϴ͘ϯй Ͳϴϴ͘ϴй Ͳϴϳ͘ϴй Ͳϴϴ͘ϯй ϰϬй Ͳϵϴ͘ϯй Ͳϵϲ͘ϴй ϯϲ͘ϲй ͲϭϮϬй ϯϬй :Ƶů :ĂŶ :ƵŶ KĐƚ Ɖƌ &Ğď ^ĞƉ ĞĐ ƵŐ EŽǀ DĂƌ DĂǇ :ƵůͲϮϬ :ĂŶͲϮϬ :ƵŶͲϮϬ KĐƚͲϮϬ ƉƌͲϮϬ &ĞďͲϮϬ ^ĞƉͲϮϬ ĞĐͲϮϬ ƵŐͲϮϬ EŽǀͲϮϬ DĂƌͲϮϬ DĂǇͲϮϬ ΎhEtdKĞĨŝŶŝƚŝŽŶ ;^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗/d͕hEtdKͿ ;^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗/dͿ

FREIGHT TRAFFIC Ϭй &ƌĞŝŐŚƚ dŽŶŶĞͲ<ŝůŽŵĞƚƌĞƐͲ &d< Ͳϭ͘ϰй ͲϬ͘ϱй Ͳϱй Ͳϯ͘ϯй Ͳϲ͘Ϯй Ͳϲ͘ϲй tŽƌůĚĨƌĞŝŐŚƚƚƌĂĨĨŝĐ ƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚĂĚĞĐůŝŶĞŽĨ ͲϬ͘ϱйzŽzŝŶĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϮϬ͕нϲ͘ϭ ͲϭϬй Ͳϴ͘Ϭй &d< ƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞƉŽŝŶƚƐƵƉ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞĨĂůůŝŶƚŚĞƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐŵŽŶƚŚ͘ĞĐĞŵďĞƌŵĂƌŬĞĚĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ ͲϭϮ͘ϲй Ͳϭϱй Ͳϭϱ͘Ϯй Ͳϭϯ͘ϱй ŵŽŶƚŚŽĨƌŽďƵƐƚƌĞďŽƵŶĚŝŶĂŝƌĐĂƌŐŽǁŝƚŚƚƌĂĨĨŝĐƌĞĐŽǀĞƌŝŶŐƚŽŽǀĞƌϵϵйŽĨƚŚĞƉƌĞͲ ͲϮϬй Ͳϭϳ͘ϲй

ĐƌŝƐŝƐůĞǀĞůƐ͘/ŶĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƚŽƚŚĞĚĞƉƌĞƐƐĞĚĂŝƌƚƌĂǀĞů͕ĐĂƌŐŽƚƌĂĨĨŝĐƌĞĐŽǀĞƌĞĚƐǁŝĨƚůǇ zŽzŐƌŽǁƚŚ ͲϮϬ͘ϯй ďĞŶĞĨŝƚŝŶŐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĐŽŶƚŝŶƵĞĚĚĞŵĂŶĚĨŽƌŐŽŽĚƐĂŶĚƐƵƉƉůŝĞƐĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĂŶĚĞŵŝĐ͘ ͲϮϱй ͲϮϳ͘ϳй KǀĞƌĂůů͕ĂŝƌĐĂƌŐŽƚƌĂĨĨŝĐĨĞůůďǇͲϭϬ͘ϲйzŽzŝŶϮϬϮϬ͕ŵƵĐŚůŽǁĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŚĞĚĞĐůŝŶĞŝŶ ͲϯϬй ƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌƚƌĂĨĨŝĐ͘^ŽůŝĚŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐǁĞƌĞŽďƐĞƌǀĞĚŝŶĂůůƌĞŐŝŽŶƐ͕ƐƉĞĐŝĨŝĐĂůůǇŝŶ :ƵůͲϮϬ :ĂŶͲϮϬ :ƵŶͲϮϬ KĐƚͲϮϬ ƉƌͲϮϬ ^ĞƉͲϮϬ ĨƌŝĐĂĂŶĚEŽƌƚŚŵĞƌŝĐĂ͕ǁŚĞƌĞƚƌĂĨĨŝĐŚĂǀĞĂůƌĞĂĚǇďŽƵŶĐĞĚďĂĐŬƚŽϮϬϭϵůĞǀĞůƐĂŶĚ &ĞďͲϮϬ ĞĐͲϮϬ ƵŐͲϮϬ EŽǀͲϮϬ DĂƌͲϮϬ DĂǇͲϮϬ ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞĚƉŽƐŝƚŝǀĞŐƌŽǁƚŚ͘ ;^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗/dͿ

59 | HERMES • THE MAGAZINE #13 › JANUARY - MARCH 2021 STATISTICS

▶ CONTINUED FROM PAGE 59 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

DEC 2020: Air TransportFEB 2021: Air Monthly Transport Monthly Monitor Monitor World Results and Analyses.World Total Results and scheduled Analyses for DEC 2020. services Total scheduled services (domestic and international). Air Transport Bureau (Domestic and international) E-mail: [email protected]

TOP 15 AIRPORTS (Ranked by aircraft departures, passengers and volume of freight) DEC 2020: -26.6%, -41.3%, and +8.0% YoY in terms of aircraft departures, passengers and freight for the Top 15 ϮϬ

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TOP 15 AIRLINE GROUPS (Ranked by RPK) ϮϬ ZW<;ďŝůůŝŽŶͿ й^ŚĂƌĞ DEC 2020: -63.3% YoY in terms of RPK for the Top 15 ƵŵƵůĂƚŝǀĞ zŽz ŽĨtŽƌůĚ й^ŚĂƌĞ /ŶƚĞƌŵƐŽĨZW<͕ƚŚĞdŽƉϭϱĂŝƌůŝŶĞŐƌŽƵƉƐĂĐĐŽƵŶƚĞĚĨŽƌϱϱ͘ϯйŽĨƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚΖƐƚŽƚĂůZW<ŝŶĞĐĞŵďĞƌ Ͳ ϱ ϭϬ ϭϱ ϮϬ dŽƚĂů ϮϬϮϬĂŶĚĚĞĐůŝŶĞĚďǇͲϲϯ͘ϯйzŽz͘ dŚŝƐĚĞĐůŝŶĞǁĂƐϲ͘ϰ ƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞƉŽŝŶƚƐƐŵĂůůĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŚĞĨĂůůŝŶ ŚŝŶĂ^ŽƵƚŚĞƌŶ ϭϱ͘ϲ Ͳϯϰ͘ϭй ϳ͘ϳй ϳ͘ϳй ǁŽƌůĚΖƐĂǀĞƌĂŐĞZW<͕ǁŝƚŚĂůůĂŝƌůŝŶĞƐŝŶƚŚĞdŽƉϭϱƉŽƐƚŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚŝŽŶƐ͘ ŝƌŚŝŶĂ ϭϬ͘ϰ Ͳϰϲ͘ϯй ϱ͘ϭй ϭϮ͘ϴй ŵĞƌŝĐĂŶ1 ϭϬ͘ϯ Ͳϲϰ͘ϯй ϱ͘ϭй ϭϴ͘Ϭй dŚĞdŽƉϭϱĂŝƌůŝŶĞůŝƐƚǁĂƐƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĂƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌ͕ŶŽŶĞƚŚĞůĞƐƐƌĂŶŬŝŶŐƐĨůƵĐƚƵĂƚĞĚĚƵĞƚŽƚŚĞ ŚŝŶĂĂƐƚĞƌŶ ϵ͘ϳ Ͳϰϲ͘ϲй ϰ͘ϴй ϮϮ͘ϴй ĞƉŝĚĞŵŝĐĚŝǀĞƌŐĞŶĐĞĂĐƌŽƐƐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ͘dŽƉϳǁĞƌĞĚŽŵŝŶĂƚĞĚďǇĂŝƌůŝŶĞƐŝŶŚŝŶĂĂŶĚh^͕ƚŚĞƚǁŽ hŶŝƚĞĚ1 ϵ͘ϳ Ͳϲϳ͘ϭй ϰ͘ϴй Ϯϳ͘ϲй 1 ĞůƚĂ ϵ͘ϱ Ͳϲϲ͘Ϭй ϰ͘ϳй ϯϮ͘ϯй ůĂƌŐĞƐƚĚŽŵĞƐƚŝĐŵĂƌŬĞƚƐ͘ 1 ^ŽƵƚŚǁĞƐƚ ϳ͘ϭ Ͳϲϭ͘ϵй ϯ͘ϱй ϯϱ͘ϴй 1 dŚĞƚŚƌĞĞŵĂũŽƌŚŝŶĞƐĞĂŝƌůŝŶĞƐƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞĚƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇĚƵĞƚŽƚŚĞŶĞǁŽƵƚďƌĞĂŬƐĂŶĚƌĞƐƵůƚŝŶŐ &Ͳ<>D ϳ͘Ϭ Ͳϲϵ͘ϳй ϯ͘ϱй ϯϵ͘ϯй ƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚŝŽŶƐ͕ďƵƚƚŚĞǇƐƚŝůůĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞĚƚŚĞƐƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ͘ŚŝŶĂ^ŽƵƚŚĞƌŶĂŶĚ ŝƌŚŝŶĂ ,ĂŝŶĂŶŝƌůŝŶĞƐ ϲ͘ϰ ͲϮϵ͘ϱй ϯ͘Ϯй ϰϮ͘ϱй ŵŝƌĂƚĞƐ ϰ͘ϵ Ͳϴϭ͘ϵй Ϯ͘ϰй ϰϰ͘ϵй ƌĞƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞdŽƉϮƉŽƐŝƚŝŽŶƐǁŚŝůĞŚŝŶĂĂƐƚĞƌŶ ƐůŝƉƉĞĚƚŽϰƚŚ͘,ĂŝŶĂŶŝƌůŝŶĞƐ ŵŽǀĞĚŽŶĞƉŽƐŝƚŝŽŶ ĞƌŽĨůŽƚ ϰ͘ϲ 1 Ͳϱϵ͘ϭй Ϯ͘ϯй ϰϳ͘Ϯй ĚŽǁŶƚŽϵƚŚ͖ŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ŝƚƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚƚŚĞĨĂƐƚĞƐƚƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞdŽƉϭϱ͘ /' ϰ͘ϲ Ͳϳϵ͘ϱй Ϯ͘ϯй ϰϵ͘ϱй dƵƌŬŝƐŚŝƌůŝŶĞƐ ϰ͘Ϭ Ͳϲϳ͘ϲй Ϯ͘Ϭй ϱϭ͘ϱй &ŽƌƚŚĞĨŝƌƐƚƚŝŵĞƐŝŶĐĞƚŚĞůŽǁĞƐƚƉŽŝŶƚŝŶƉƌŝů͕ŵĞƌŝĐĂŶ ƌĂŶŬĞĚǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞdŽƉϯ͕ƐƵƌƉĂƐƐĞĚŚŝŶĂ 1 >ƵĨƚŚĂŶƐĂ'ƌŽƵƉ ϯ͘ϵ Ͳϴϭ͘ϵй ϭ͘ϵй ϱϯ͘ϰй ĂƐƚĞƌŶ͘hŶŝƚĞĚ͕ĞůƚĂ ĂŶĚ^ŽƵƚŚǁĞƐƚ͕ ŽĐĐƵƉŝĞĚƚŚĞƉůĂĐĞƐŽĨϱƚŚ ƚŽϳƚŚ͕ǁŝƚŚzŽzƚƌĂĨĨŝĐĚĞĐůŝŶĞĂƚ >dDŝƌůŝŶĞƐ'ƌŽƵƉ ϯ͘ϴ Ͳϲϱ͘ϱй ϭ͘ϵй ϱϱ͘ϯй ĂƌŽƵŶĚͲϲϬй͕ĂƐůŝŐŚƚƐůŽǁĚŽǁŶĨƌŽŵEŽǀĞŵďĞƌ͘ dŽƉϭϱdŽƚĂůZW<Ɛ ϭϭϮ ďŝůůŝŽŶ Ͳϲϯ͘ϯй ϱϱ͘ϯй dƌĂĨĨŝĐĚĞĐůŝŶĞƐŽĨĂŝƌůŝŶĞƐŝŶƵƌŽƉĞĞĂƐĞĚƐŽŵĞǁŚĂƚŽǁŝŶŐƚŽŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚƚƌĂǀĞůĚƵƌŝŶŐŚŽůŝĚĂǇƐĞĂƐŽŶ͘ tŽƌůĚdŽƚĂůZW<Ɛ ϮϬϮ ďŝůůŝŽŶ Ͳϲϵ͘ϳй ϭϬϬ͘Ϭй &Ͳ<>D ĐůŝŵďĞĚƵƉŽŶĞƉŽƐŝƚŝŽŶƚŽϴƚŚ͕ǁŚĞƌĞĂƐƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌƐĚƌŽƉƉĞĚŽŶĞƉŽƐŝƚŝŽŶĂŶĚƌĂŶŬĞĚ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶϭϭƚŚ ĂŶĚϭϰƚŚ͘ ;^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗/K͕ĂŝƌůŝŶĞƐΖǁĞďƐŝƚĞƐͿ ŽƚŚŵŝƌĂƚĞƐ ĂŶĚ>dD ƉŽƐƚĞĚƐŵĂůůĞƌĨĂůůĂŶĚƌĂŶŬĞĚϭϬƚŚ ĂŶĚϭϱƚŚ͕ƌĞƐƉĞĐƚŝǀĞůǇ͘ EŽƚĞ͗dŽƚĂůƐĐŚĞĚƵůĞĚĂŶĚŶŽŶͲƐĐŚĞĚƵůĞĚƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ

CAPACITY BY REGION (ICAO Statistical Regions) tŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚĞĚ ďǇͲ DEC 2020: -56.7% YoY in terms of World ASK ϱϲ͘ϳйzŽzŝŶĞĐĞŵďĞƌ ϮϬϮϬ͘ůů ƌĞŐŝŽŶƐƐĂǁŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƐŝŶĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ͕ й^ŚĂƌĞŽĨĂƉĂĐŝƚǇďǇZĞŐŝŽŶ Ͳϲϳ͘ϳйzŽz ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŵŽƐƚƐŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂŶƚĂĐĐĞůĞƌĂƚŝŽŶ Ͳϰϴ͘ϱйzŽz Ϯ͘ϲй ĨƌŝĐĂ ͲϲϮ͘ϭйzd ͲϱϬ͘Ϯйzd ŝŶĨƌŝĐĂ͕ĨŽůůŽǁĞĚďǇƵƌŽƉĞĂŶĚ ƐŝĂͬWĂĐŝĨŝĐ >ĂƚŝŶŵĞƌŝĐĂͬĂƌŝďďĞĂŶ͘ĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ Ϯϳ͘ϲй ͲϱϮ͘ϭйzŽz ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶŽƚŚĞƌƌĞŐŝŽŶƐǁĂƐŵŽĚĞƐƚ͘ ƵƌŽƉĞ Ͳϱϯ͘ϵйzd ϯϳ͘ϵй Ͳϲϳ͘ϮйzŽz ĂƉĂĐŝƚǇŽĨĨĞƌĞĚŝŶϮϬϮϬĐůŽƐĞĚŽƵƚĂƚ >ĂƚŝŶŵĞƌŝĐĂͬĂƌŝďďĞĂŶ ϴ͘Ϭй Ͳϱϳ͘ϱйzŽz Ͳϲϯ͘ϯйzd Ͳϱϲ͘ϱйzŽz͘dŚĞĨĂƐƚĞƐƚƌĞƐƵŵƉƚŝŽŶŝŶ Ͳϱϭ͘ϴйzŽz Ͳϲϭ͘Ϭйzd ϭϳ͘ϴй DŝĚĚůĞĂƐƚ Ͳϱϴ͘ϯйzd ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇǁĂƐƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚŝŶEŽƌƚŚ ϲ͘ϭй EŽƌƚŚŵĞƌŝĐĂ ŵĞƌŝĐĂǁŚŝůĞƚŚĞƐůŽǁĞƐƚǁĂƐƐĞĞŶ tŽƌůĚ͗ ŝŶƚŚĞDŝĚĚůĞĂƐƚ͘ ;^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗/K͕/d͕K'Ϳ Ͳϱϲ͘ϳйzŽz EŽƚĞ͗dŽƚĂůƐĐŚĞĚƵůĞĚƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ Ͳϱϲ͘ϱйzd

* Embarked Passengers ** Loaded and Unloaded Freight inTonnes 1. ICAO estimates

ZKEzD^͗/͗ ŝƌƉŽƌƚƐŽƵŶĐŝů/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂů͖^<͗ ǀĂŝůĂďůĞ^ĞĂƚͲ<ŝůŽŵĞƚƌĞƐ͖/d͗/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůŝƌdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚƐƐŽĐŝĂƚŝŽŶ͖&d<͗ &ƌĞŝŐŚƚdŽŶŶĞͲ<ŝůŽŵĞƚƌĞƐ͖ >&͗WĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌ>ŽĂĚ&ĂĐƚŽƌ͖ K'͗KĨĨŝĐŝĂůŝƌůŝŶĞ'ƵŝĚĞ͖ZW<͗ZĞǀĞŶƵĞWĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌͲ<ŝůŽŵĞƚƌĞƐ͖hEtdK͗tŽƌůĚdŽƵƌŝƐŵKƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƚŝŽŶ͖zŽz͗zĞĂƌͲŽŶͲǇĞĂƌ͖zd͗zĞĂƌͲƚŽͲĚĂƚĞ͘

60 | HERMES • THE MAGAZINE #13 › JANUARY - MARCH 2021