2010

european automobile manufacturers association key figures

p u b l i s h e d b y ACEA Communications department [email protected]

This paper is made in an environmentally-friendly way and according to FSC certification _september 2010

2 the automobile industry pocket guide

Foreword

The is a key element in the fabric of the European economy and society. Our industry contributes enormously to the health and wealth of the EU and its near 500 million inhabitants - it is vital that the automotive sector retains its competitiveness and innovative edge. The European vehicle manufacturers are technology leaders, driving innovation towards cleaner, safer, sustainable transport. As major corporate citizens, they are fully part of society and, therefore, dialogue and mutual understanding with all our stakeholders is essential. This booklet, the 2010 edition of the ACEA Automobile Industry Pocket Guide, provides comprehensive and insightful facts and figures - with key data on employment, production, vehicle registration, vehicle use, taxation and trade, as well as information on a range of environment and mobility-related issues. It also presents the vehicle manufacturers’ trade association in Brussels, ACEA.

I trust our pocket guide will be of great value to all those involved in automotive industry issues and relevant policies.

Ivan Hodac Secretary General ACEA

1 About ACEA ACEA

european automobile manufacturers association ACEA inbrief the automobile industry pocket guide

ACEA isthemain portaltoclearand ACEA isthe ACEA wasestablishedin1991.TheBoardofDirectors(BOD) is composedofthe Scania, Toyota MotorEurope, Group, CarCorporationandVolvo Group. Motors Europe,JaguarLandRover, MANNutzfahrzeuge, ,PSAPeugeotCitroën,RenaultGroup, ACEA has Automobile Manufacturers’Association.The ACEA istheacronymfor“AssociationdesConstructeursEuropéens d’Automobiles”orEuropean encouraging understanding ofthesector’s importance, complexityandcontributions tosociety. agreements coveringmostlytechnological issuesandstandards. framework consistsofaround80 EUDirectivesandmorethan70applicableUNECEregulatory interest groupsthatcontributetoaninformeddecision-making processintheEU. maintains closerelationshipswith the29nationalautomobilemanufacturers’associationsinEurope. MAN Nutzfahrzeuge,Scania,Volkswagen CommercialVehicles andVolvo Trucks. ACEA,furthermore, the headsof7commercialvehiclecompanymembers/branches: DAFTrucks, DaimlerTrucks, , (CEOs) ofits16members,whereastheCommercialVehicle BoardofDirectors(CV-BOD) iscomposed of sixteen members first sourceofinformation : BMWGroup,DAFTrucks, Daimler, Group,FordofEurope,General factual information withregardto industry association vehicle-related regulation aboutthe , basedinBrussels,isoneofmany European automobile industry Chief ExecutiveOfficers . Theregulatory ,

5 ACEA acea

Corporate citizenship

The members of ACEA deploy numerous corporate social responsibility initiatives to the benefit of their employees and society-at-large. The industry’s products , furthermore, meet the highest environmental and safety standards. This is the result of a long-standing tradition of innovation and investments in research and development.

It takes 100 of today’s cars to match the average pollutant emissions of 1 car built in the 1970s; Noise levels of vehicles have been reduced by 90% over the same period; Reducing fuel consumption has long been a matter of top-priority; On the safety front, the introduction of seatbelts, anti-lock braking systems, electronic stability control and airbags has cut fatalities and serious injuries to vehicle passengers by 80%. The development of further safety systems is an on-going process.

Acting as a responsible corporate citizen is not only desirable in itself; it also helps to build a relationship based on trust and loyalty between companies and their customers.

6 that influencethe sector’s futuregrowth,competitiveness, innovationcapacity andinvestmentdecisions. Vehicle manufacturers finditindispensable tomaintainadialoguewithsociety, inparticularonthose issues IT tologistics,healthcareand others. The sector’s technologiesandinnovationsshoulderdevelopmentprogress inmanyothersectors,from and mobilityconcepts. everybody’s life,throughemploymentandsocialbenefits, educationandinnovation,throughproduct ACEA representsanindustrythatisinstrumentaltoEUgrowth andthatplaysanimportantpartin What interests doesACEA represent the automobile industry pocket guide

ACEA membershaveanannual turnoverofover€500billion. Net autoexportsareworthalmost€30billion; ACEA membersyearlyinvestover€26billioninR&D,or5%ofturnover; innovation; The industry’s high-qualityproductssetthestandardaroundworldandcontinuouslypushfurther ACEA membersoperate208manufacturingsitesin25Europeancountries; More than12millionfamiliesdependonthesectorforemployment ; ? 7 ACEA acea

How does ACEA work ?

ACEA is led by the Secretary General and employs around fifteen experts covering policy issues and technical requirements in the fields of environment, fuels, emissions, road safety, recycling, trade, taxation, transport, type-approval and internal market. Through specialist working groups and an extensive network within the vehicle industry, ACEA has access to a wealth of expertise and applied technical experience.

ACEA activities include, but are not limited to: Dialogue with the European Institutions and others stakeholders concerned by the automobile industry; Cooperation with policy makers and related industries to advance mutual understanding of industry- related issues and contribute to realistic and effective legislation, bearing in mind the interests of European society and its economy; Research and study of relevant developments and trends in automotive-related issues and policy fields; Strategic reflection on the increasingly global challenges of competition and corporate responsibility, drawing on the strengths and expertise of its members; Communication of the role and importance of the industry, of its common views and of reliable data and information; Monitoring of activities that influence the automobile industry, responding to and cooperating with the actors involved.

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other stakeholders The EuropeanautomotiveindustryhassevenprioritytopicsitdiscusseswiththeEUInstitutionsand The industry’s seven priorityfields the automobile industry pocket guide

Better promotion ofR&Deffortsandinnovation policyinstruments. of technicalregulations andstandardsformotor vehicles; impact assessmentstudies,reasonable lead-timeperiodsforimplementationandglobalharmonisation Reducing over-regulation andconflictingobjectivesoflegislation, promotingadequateandindependent motor vehicleandfueltaxes.Car taxationschemesshouldbebasedonCO A realcompletionoftheInternalMarket , whichcannotbeachievedwithout fiscalharmonisationof (energy, transport,telecommunications); Continuous developmentofefficientroadinfrastructureand other basicinfrastructurenetworks bilateral/regional freetradeagreements; Better marketaccessforEuropeanautomotiveproductsthroughbalancedmultilateral aswell actors andfactors; Adoption ofintegratedpoliciesinthefieldsroadsafetyandenvironment,involvingallrelevant corner stoneoffuturegrowthandprosperity; particular, throughacomprehensiveindustrialpolicy thatrecognisesandpromotesmanufacturingasa Strengthening thecompetitivenessofEUeconomyand Europeanautomobilemanufacturingin demand forfuel-efficiency; : 2 emissionstoincrease 9 ACEA acea

ACEA cooperation & partnerships

ACEA has permanent and close cooperation with the European Council for Automotive R&D (EUCAR) which was established in 1994 as the research arm of the industry. EUCAR’s purpose is to strengthen the competitiveness of the European automotive industry by promoting cooperative research of products, processes and systems in the pre-competitive stage.

ACEA maintains regular relations with a number of organisations with interests related to the automobile industry. These include the European Association of Automotive Suppliers (CLEPA), Intelligent Transport Systems - Europe (ERTICO), the European Committee for Motor Trades and Repairs (CECRA), the European Road Safety Federation (ERSF), the Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA), the European Petroleum Association (EUROPIA), the Confederation of European Business (BUSINESSEUROPE) and others.

ACEA also maintains a dialogue on international issues with automobile associations around the world, such as JAMA, KAMA, Auto Alliance, AAPC, OICA, CAAM, SIAM and many others.

10 Wolfgang Reinhardt Director Regulatory Affairs Stefan Larsson Director RegulatoryProjects Céline Domecq Director ParliamentaryAffairs Petr Dolejsi & SustainableTransport Director Mobility Marc Greven Director Legal&Taxation Peter Kunze Director EnvironmentalPolicy Paul Greening Director Emissions&Fuels Ivan Hodac Secretary General ACEA Secretariat the automobile industry pocket guide

Director Technical Affairs Quynh-Nhu Huynh Manager Statistics&Economics Renzo Cicilloni Director Safety Fuensanta Martinez-Sans Director Transport Policy Erik Bergelin Director Trade &Economics Dolf Lamerigts [email protected] +86 1064634055 Dominik Declercq [email protected] +81 335056341 Anthony Millington Tanguy DeDecker Director Finance&Administration Marc Vanderstraeten Director InformationTechnology Michael Klinkenberg & PublicAffairs Manager Communications Sigrid deVries & PublicRelations Director Communications

Acea BeijingOffice Acea Tokyo Office 11

ACEA acea ACEA Members

BMW GROUP DAF TRUCKS NV FIAT SpA Petuelring 130 Hugo der Goeslaan 1 Corso G. Agnelli 200 D – 80788 München PoBox 90065 I – 10135 Torino T. +49 89 3820 NL – 5600 PT Eindhoven T. +39 011 003 11 11 www.bmwgroup.com T. + 31 40 214 9111 www.fiatgroup.com www.daftrucks.com Dr. Ing. h.c.F. PORSCHE AG GmbH Porschestrasse 42 DAIMLER AG Henry Fordstrasse 1 D – 70435 Stüttgart D – 70546 Stuttgart D – 50725 Köln T. +49 711 911 0 T. +49 711 170 T. +49 221 900 www.porsche.com www.daimler.com www.ford.com

12 www.man-mn.com T. D Postfach 500620 MAN NUTZFAHRZEUGE AG www.jaguarlandrover.com T. UK Gaydon Banbury Road JAGUAR LANDROVER www.gmeurope.com T. D Friedrich-Lutzmann-Ring 1 Bahnhofsplatz GENERAL MOTORSEUROPEAG the automobile industry pocket guide – – +44 1926641111 +49 6142770 +49 89158001 80995 München 65423 Rüsselsheim – Warwick CV35ORR www.scania.com T. S SCANIA AB www.renault.com T. F Quai AlphonseLeGallo13-15 SA www.psa-peugeot-citroen.com T. F Avenue delaGrandeArmée75 PSA PEUGEOTCITROËN – – – +46 8553810 00 +33 1410450 +33 140665511 15187 Sodertalje 92109 Boulogne-Billancourt 75116 ParisCedex www.volvo.com T. S AB VOLVO www.volvocars.com T. S VOLVO CARCORPORATION www.volkswagenag.com T. D Berliner Ring2 VOLKSWAGEN AG www.toyota.eu T. B Avenue duBourget60 TOYOTA MOTOREUROPE – – – – +46 31665170 +46 31 +49 536190 +32 27452011 405 08Göteborg 405 31Göteborg 38436 Wolfsburg 1140 Brussels – 59 00

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ACEA acea Brussels ACEA Member Representations

BMW Group Representative GM Europe Public Policy Office Brussels Fiat Group Delegation to the EU & Government Relations Boulevard de Waterloo 25 Rue de Genève 175 Rue d’Idalie 9-13 B –1000 Brussels B –1140 Brussels B –1050 Brussels T. +32 2 737 50 30 T. +32 2 513 63 92 T. +32 2 773 69 82

Daimler EU Corporate Representation EU Affairs Jaguar Brussels Office Rue Froissart 133 Rue Montoyer 40 bte 7 Rue Breydel 34 B –1040 Brussels B –1000 Brussels B –1040 Brussels T. +32 2 233 11 45 T. +32 2 761 06 11 T. +32 2 235 86 32

14 T. B Avenue desArts40 Renault DelegationtotheEU T. B Avenue desArts53 PSA PeugeotCitroënEUDelegation T. B Rue JacquesdeLalaing4 MAN BrusselsOffice the automobile industry pocket guide –1040 Brussels –1000 Brussels –1040 Brussels +32 22741000 +32 25451179 +32 22304195 T. B Rue Archimède25 Representation Volkswagen GroupEU T. B Avenue duBourget60 Toyota MotorEurope T. B Avenue deTervueren 2 c/o KreabGavinAnderson Scania EURepresentation –1000 Brussels –1140 Brussels –1040 Brussels +32 26454953 +32 27452061 +32 27376902 T. B Rue duLuxembourg3 Sweden House Volvo GroupEURepresentation T. B Rue duLuxembourg3 Sweden House Brussels OfficeEUAffairs Volvo CarCorporation –1000 Brussels –1000 Brussels +32 24825870 +32 25036967 15

ACEA acea Acea Associated Organisations

_a u s t r i a FFOE Fachverband der Fahrzeugindustrie Österreichs _b u l g a r i a Wiedner Hauptstrasse 63 ACM _c z e c h r e p u b l i c A – 1045 Wien Association of Car Manufacturers and their AIA CR (SAP) T. +43 5 90 900 48 00 authorised representatives for Bulgaria Automotive Industry Association CR F. +43 5 90 900 289 Veliko Tarnovo Street 37 Opletalova 55 www.wk.or.at/fahrzeuge BG – 1504 Sofia CZ – 110 00 Praha 1 T. +359 2 946 12 50 T. +420 221 602 982 F. +359 2 94 33 944 F. +420 224 239 690 _b e l g i u m www.svab.bg www.autosap.cz FEBIAC Fédération Belge des Industries de l’Automobile et du Cycle _c y p r u s _d e n m a r k Belgische Federatie van de Automobiel-en OEB DK BIL tweewielerindustrie Employers & Industrialists Federation De Danske Bilimportører Boulevard de la Woluwe 46 B6 Grivast Dhigenis Avenue 30 Radhuspladsen 16 B – 1200 Bruxelles PoBox 21657 DK – 1550 Kobenhavn V T. +32 2 778 64 00 CY-Nicosia T. +45 39 16 23 23 F. +32 2 762 81 71 T. +357 22 66 51 02 F. +45 39 16 24 24 www.febiac.be F. +357 22 66 94 59 www.bilimp.dk

16 www.autotuojat.fi F. T. FIN Ateneuminkuja 2C10Krs AUTOTUOJAT ry www.amtel.ee F. T. EST Pärnu Road232 Enterprises Union ofEstonianCarSalesandService AMTEL the automobile industry pocket guide +358 207928859 +358 207928855 +372 6502197 +372 6722306 – –

00100 Helsinki 11314 Tallinn _ _ d n a l n i f a i n o t s e

CCFA www.vda.de F. T. D Behrebstrasse 35 Verband DerAutomobilindustrie VDA www.ccfa.fr F. T. F Rue dePresbourg2 d’Automobiles Comité desConstructeursFrançais – – +49 30897842-600 +49 30897842-0 +33 149525188 +33 149525100 75008 Paris 10177

_ _ y n a m r e g e c n a r f

www.gepjarmuipar.hu F. T. H Major u.69 Automotive Industry Association oftheHungarian AHAI (MGSZ) www.seaa.gr F. T. GR Kifisias Avenue 294 Importers-Representatives Association ofMotorVehicle AMVIR (SEAA) – +36 13829810 +36 13829805 +30 2106859022 +30 2106891400 – 1119 Budapest

152 32Halandri-Athens _ _ y r a g n u h e c e e r g

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ACEA acea

_i r e l a n d _l a t v i a SIMI LAADA _m a l t a The Society of the Irish Motor Industry Latvian Authorized Automobile Dealers ACIM Upper Pembroke Street 5 Association Association of Car Importers Malta IRL – Dublin 2 Smerla Street 3 Suite 273 PoBox 50 Valletta Building Level 2 T. +353 1 676 16 90 LV – 1006 Riga MT – San Gwann F. +353 1 661 92 13 T. +371 6 752 99 79 T. +356 21 38 57 74 www.simi.ie F. +371 6 754 03 15 F. +356 21 22 33 06 www.lpaa.lv

_i t a l y _n o r w a y ANFIA _l i t h u a n i a BIL Associazione Nazionale Filiera Industrie LAA BilimportØrenes Landsforening Automobilistiche Lithuanian Autoenterpreneurs Association Økernveien 99 Corso Galileo Ferraris 61 P. Zadeikos g. 1b PoBox 71 Økern I – 10128 Torino LT – 06319 Vilnius N – 0508 Oslo T. +39 011 554 65 11 T. +370 5 230 12 24 T. +47 22 64 64 55 F. +39 011 545 986 F. +370 5 230 12 25 F. +47 22 64 85 95 www.anfia.it www.laa.lt www.bilimportorenes-landsforening.no

18 www.acap.pt F. T. P Avenida Torre deBelém 29 de Portugal Associação doComércioAutomóvel ACAP www.pzpm.org.pl F. T. PL Al. Niepodleglosci69 Polski ZwiazekPrzemysłuMotoryzacyjnego PZPM the automobile industry pocket guide – +351 2130214 74 +351 213035300 +48 223227665 +48 223227198/99 – 1400-342 Lisboa 02-626 Warsaw

_ _ l a g u t r o p d n a l o p RO Str. BanuMãrãcine-Bl. D5 Asociatiei ConstructorilordeAutomobiledin ACAROM www.ads-slo.org F. T. SI Dimiceva 13 Industry ofSlovenia c/o ChamberofCommerce& and AuthorisedImporters Association ofAutomobileManufacturers ADS www.acarom.ro F. T. – +386 15898219 +386 15898217 +40 248217990 +40 248219958 – 1000 Ljubljana

110194 Pitesti _ _ a i n e v o l s a i n a m o r www.anfac.com F. T. E Calle FrayBernardinoSahagún24 de AutomóvilesyCamiones Asociación EspañoladeFabricantes ANFAC www.zapsr.sk F. T. SK Tomasikova 26 Automotive IndustryAssociationSR ZAPSR – +34 913450397 +34 913431343 +421 243642237 +421 243642235 – 28036 Madrid 821 01Bratislava

_ _ n i a p s k a v o l s

c i l b u p e r 19

ACEA acea

_s w e d e n BIL PoBox 26173 _t h e netherlands _u n i t e d k i n g d o m S – 100 41 Stockholm RAI SMMT T. +46 8 700 41 00 De Rijwiel en Automobiel Industrie Vereniging The Society of Motor Manufacturers F. +46 8 791 23 11 Wielingenstraat 28 and Traders www.bilsweden.se PoBox 74800 Forbes House NL – 1070 DM Amsterdam Halkin Street T. +31 20 504 49 49 UK – London SW1X 7DS _switzerland F. +31 20 646 38 57 T. +44 207 235 70 00 Auto – Suisse | Auto – Schweiz www.raivereniging.nl F. +44 207 235 71 12 Association Importateurs Suisses www.smmt.co.uk d’Automobiles Vereinigung Schweizer Automobil-Importeure _t u r k e y Mittelstrasse 32 OSD Postfach 5232 Automotive Manufacturers Association CH – 3001 Bern Atilla Sokak 10 Altunizade T. +41 31 306 65 65 TR – 34676 Istanbul F. +41 31 306 65 50 T. +90 216 318 29 94 www.auto-suisse.ch F. +90 216 321 94 97 www.auto-schweiz.ch www.osd.org.tr

20 the automobile industry pocket guide Scania, Volkswagen GroupandVolvo EUCAR secretariatiscomposedof: PSA PeugeotCitroën, Renault, Jaguar LandRover, Porsche, BMW, DAF, Daimler, Fiat, Ford Europe,GM/, Research Coordinator EUCAR membersare: Alessandro Coda Simon Godwin [email protected] [email protected] Director

EUCAR keyresearchisinthefollowing domains: industry funding. financed throughEuropeanUnionfundingprogrammesmatched with manufacturers, suppliersandresearchproviders.Projectsare mainly EUCAR’s membersparticipateincollaborativeresearch projectswith European Commissionandotherkeyinstitutionsstakeholders. challenges oftheindustry. Thesearecommunicated tothe Together withitsmembers,EUCARidentifiesthecommonR&D through strategiccollaborativeR&D. the missiontostrengthencompetitivenessofmanufacturers organisation forthemajorautomotivemanufacturersinEurope, with The EuropeanCouncilforAutomotiveR&D(EUCAR)

Mobility andTransport Integrated Safety Materials, ProcessesandManufacturing Fuels andPowertrain istheresearch 21

ACEA Did you know ? ? Know Did you

european automobile manufacturers association the automobile industry pocket guide

Did you know? The automobile industry is the largest private investor in R&D in the EU ?

The automotive industry is the largest private investor in Know Did you R&D in the EU. The ACEA members together spend over €26 billion every year on R&D, or about 5% of their turnover. These figures, resulting from a recent ACEA survey among its member companies, reflect the greatimportance that the automobile manufacturers attach to R&D efforts to keep up their competitiveness and long-term viability. Main areas of automotive R&D investment are environment, road safety and production efficiency.

Overall automotive R&D investments are even higher. According to the EU Industrial Investment Scoreboard, the sectors ‘automobiles and parts’ and ‘commercial vehicles and trucks’ represented R&D investment of €32.8 billion in 2008. The actual number will be greater, as these categories do not include all automotive supplying sectors. The Scoreboard ranks the pharmaceutical sector second with €19.8 billion and the telecommunications equipment sector third with €12 billion.

25 did you know?

Did you know? Auto industry tops R&D scoreboard in Europe

The EU 2009 Industrial Investment Scoreboard confirmed once more theoutstanding role of the automotive industry for the European economy in terms of innovative capacity and investment power. Six of the ACEA members are in the European Top 20 of investors, with two present in the Top 10, and one earmarked as largest single investor. The automotive industry has held its top position Patent Applications filed by the Auto Sector | 2008 for years now.

6,300 patents EU 54.1% The many patents filed by the industry underline Japan 22.4% the sectors innovative stance as well. In 2008, US 15.6% almost 6,300 patents were filed by the European Korea 0.6% automotive industry. They made up 55% of all China 0.3% automotive applications at the European Patent Taiwan 0.6% Office (EPO). 23% of automotive applications Other 6.4% came from Japan, 16% from the US, 1% from

China/Taiwan and 1% from South Korea. Source: EPO (European Patent Office)

26 the automobile industry pocket guide

Did you know? The vehicle industry is one of the most densely regulated sectors in Europe

The automotive industry is one of the most regulated sectors in Europe. Up till now, around 80 EU directives have been drawn ? up and more than 70 applicable pieces of legislation have been internationalised further within the UNECE in Geneva.

Cars and commercial vehicles are very complex products and before Know Did you they enter the market, they have to comply with what is known as the Framework Directive for Whole Vehicle Type Approval.

This framework directive contains procedures and a long list of separate directives laying down technical requirements for motor vehicles as well as for components and separate technical units from which vehicles are assembled.

In addition, there are directives that establish requirements for the use of motor vehicles, as well as regulations, which apply throughout the European Union on the basis of Community law.

Vehicle-related regulation is mostly very technical in nature and cannot be drafted without the specialist knowledge of vehicle manufacturers. ACEA collects the necessary information through working groups of member company experts and shares the information with the EU institutions and other stakeholders to support effective and efficient policy making. For commercial vehicles, in particular, ACEA seeks further global harmonisation standards and regulation.

27 did you know?

Before entering the market, passenger cars have to comply with more than 45 EU Directives and Regulations

Environment Lighting & signaling Active safety Passive safety Other

28 the automobile industry pocket guide

Did you know? It takes at least 5 years to develop a new car

Cars are highly complex and innovative products. Their development - from design to production logistics - ? takes up to 5 years. Engine design can take even longer. Their product cycle, or the time that cars are kept in production, comprises up to 7 years.

Vehicle and engine adjustments are hugely complicated and capital-intensive operations. Manufacturers and their suppliers plan and allocate production capacity well ahead to accommodate production and Know Did you renewal of their car portfolio. To be able to adjust automobiles to new legal requirements, the car industry needs sufficient lead-time ahead of implementation of these new rules.

During the development phase, changes to a prototype are limited to implementation of ready-available new technologies within the technical and economic constraints of the car’s concept. The possibilities for change become more limited in the execution phase. During the typical production life of a car, investments in capital and innovations need to be recovered. Modifications are only opportune in case of relatively minor requirements, such as software changes.

ADVANCED engineering b b CONCEPT b b inPUT CONCEPT phase EXECUTION PRODUCT CYCLE

1 5 10

Production Timeline (years)

29 did you know?

Did you know? The car is the preferred means of transport for Europeans

There are more than 234 million vehicles on the European roads (eurostat, 2008), or about 1 per 2 inhabitants. Nearly 6% of them are new vehicles (up to 1 year), and about 34% are at least 10 years old (Anfac, 2008). The average annual distance travelled by a car in Europe is about 22,000 km.

New Cars sold in Europe* | 2009

Small 40.5% Lower Medium 23.5%

Upper Medium 11.9%

MPVs 9.7%

SUVs 8.2%

Luxury 3.3%

Others 2.9%

S ource : IHS G lobal I nsight * EU27, Norway and Switzerland, excluding Luxembourg

30 the automobile industry pocket guide

Did you know? Reducing CO emissions involves more than engine2 technology ? The European automotive industry is contributing significantly to reducing CO2 emissions from vehicles. A large number of advanced technologies have been introduced into the markets and many more are to come. The European car manufacturers and the automotive suppliers work closely together to achieve further important results. Know Did you

Reducing CO2 emissions from automobiles is a complex challenge and involves improvements of the whole vehicle, not just the engine. The European automotive industry has identified multiple categories for eco-innovative technologies that will ensure further progress: systems & components, running resistance, well- to-wheel efficiency, navigation and driver information. All categories contain numerous technology applications, from adaptive cruise-control and super efficient LED lights to robotised gearboxes and the storage and re-use of heat. These innovations confirm the automotive industry’s determination to achieve further reductions in new car

CO2 emissions, no matter which engine they use. In addition, driving style, the choice of fuel or energy and the quality of the infrastructure are as decisive to achieve the best possible fuel-economy and lowest CO2 emissions of road transport.

31 did you know?

Did you know? Drivers can make a big difference

Fuel-efficient driving, or «Eco-driving», can significantly reduce fuel consumption and lower 2CO emissions. Slight changes in driving style enable drivers to exploit fully the fuel-efficiency potential of modern technologies. Eco-driving is easy to apply. The Golden Rules for eco-driving are : Shift into a higher gear early

Maintain a steady speed at highest possible gear Look ahead and anticipate traffic flow Switch off the engine at short stops Check and adjust the tyre pressure regularly Make use of in-car fuel saving devices such as on-board computers and dynamic navigators Avoid surplus weight and unused roof racks

Highly cost-effective : Eco-driving training leads to a reduction in fuel consumption of up to 25 % after training, with a significant long-term effects of 7% under everyday driving conditions.

32 the automobile industry pocket guide

Did you know? Modern trucks are a benchmark for fuel efficiency

In freight transport, there is and has long been a clear business case to minimize fuel consumption. ? For most transport companies, fuel is the main operating cost and the intense competition on the commercial vehicle market has driven technological process in commercial vehicle manufacturing to great heights. A 40-tonne truck built today burns around a third less fuel than one made in the 1970s. Per tonne

transported, this corresponds to a fuel consumption of just 1 litre of diesel per 100 tonnekm, with significant Know Did you

CO2 savings as a result. Today’s buses are also Total Operating Costs (TOC) leading the way with average fuel consumption per 40-tonne Tractor – Semitrailer Combination bus-passenger that can challenge the performance of a trip per train. Depreciation 10% Road Tax 2% Further improvements in fuel efficiency remain a prime Vehicle Insurance 6% priority for European manufacturers. Modern diesel engines are clean, fuel efficient and Interest 2% Overhead 18% durable. Vehicles on alternative fuels or with innovative Tyres 1% drive trains are now also a familiar sight on Europe’s roads. A combination of better infrastructure, increased Fuel 30% driver training, wider use of telematics, improved Repair & Maintenance 5% transport efficiency and harmonisation of standards will Wages 26% S ource : iveco help achieve further sustainable mobility.

33 Cars, Trucks and the Environment Cars, Trucks and the Environment Cars, Trucks

european automobile manufacturers association the automobile industry pocket guide

Cars, Trucks and the Environment Cars, Trucks and the Environment Cars, Trucks

What our industry delivers What else is key

37 Cars, Trucks and the Environment

The industry drives innovation towards “greener” transport What else is key ?

The automobile manufacturers invest heavily to help moving towards cleaner, “greener” transport. Lower emission cars, , buses and trucks come onto the market every year. But technology alone does not have all the answers. Cooperation does.

We need to share efforts to achieve our sustainable mobility goals We need to join forces to answer the many complex questions What about the emissions from congestion and inefficient infrastructure? How to move drivers and customers towards the cleanest vehicles? How to manage transport growth in the slipstream of economic growth?

All over the world, the automobile brings improved quality of life; Together, we can sustain the benefits of mobility and reduce the environmental impact; The European vehicle manufacturers are playing their part.

What our industry delivers What else is key

38 the automobile industry pocket guide

Less CO2 emissions

European automakers have introduced dozens

of CO2-efficient technologies into their vehicles over the past decades, and progress will continue. Improvements and new developments in conventional engine technologies remain important as they will continue to be the dominant propulsion source for years to come.

Plug-in hybrid electric and battery electric vehicles will become available in more varieties, and and the Environment Cars, Trucks their range will be extended. Cars running on alternative, low emission fuels like ethanol or gas are already available on the market; second-generation biofuels are on the way. Eco-innovative technologies like smart navigation, adaptive cruise control, highly energy-efficient

LED lights, and storage and re-use of heat will further improve fuel efficiency and lower CO2 emissions.

What our industry delivers

39 Cars, Trucks and the Environment

Reducing CO2 : a key priority

Overview of Global CO2 Emissions

CO2 emissions are reduced by limiting the burning of fossil fuels. Vehicle technology is one of several Transport (Road, Rail, Air & Water) 17% important ways to contribute to this goal.

All automobile manufacturers have made CO2 reductions a top priority and are sustaining huge investments in this field.

Deforestation 22% A large number of technologies has already been introduced, and more are still to come.

, WG III, 2007. Technologies need time to find their market. EU Industry 25% governments can help by providing harmonized fiscal support.

Power/heating stations 27% It is essential to work together: vehicle manufacturers, oil industry, policy makers, and road users must all Household small consumers 9% join forces to achieve the desired results. A ssessment R eport S ource : IPCC F ourth What our industry delivers

40 the automobile industry pocket guide

Trucks Compared to 1992 standards, Euro VI emission Cleaner exhaust levels will reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions by 95% and 97% respectively. Particulate matter emissions from all trucks on the Cars road are 40% lower than a decade ago – even 1 car in the 1970s produced as many pollutant though they drive 40% more kilometres today. elements as 100 cars today. AdBlue technology reduces nitrogen oxides (NOx) Particulate matter filters can reduce particulate emissions even further, while cleaner diesel reduces emissions from diesel vehicles by over 99%. sulphur emissions.

Passenger Cars Trucks

80% 80%

Petrol NOx 60% 60% Diesel NOx Diesel PM and the Environment Cars, Trucks 40% 40%

20% 20% Emissions (% Euro 0) Euro 0 Euro 1 Euro 2 Euro 3 Euro 4 Euro 5 Euro 6 Euro 0 Euro I Euro II Euro III Euro IV Euro V Euro VI

What our industry delivers

41 Cars, Trucks and the Environment

Less noise Optimal recycling

Vehicles are recycled since the 1950s. Today 95% of a car can be recycled or recovered for use in other products or energy production. Any vehicle produced from 1 July 2002 onwards is taken back free of charge. The 8 million vehicles recycled annually in the EU account for only about 1% of waste in the EU. The target for 2015 is to reduce waste from an end-of-life vehicle to just 5%.

Noise from passenger cars has been reduced by 90% since 1970. Today 24 trucks are needed to make as much noise as 1 did in 1970. Since the mid-1990s, the dominant source of vehicle noise are tyres and outdated road paving.

What our industry delivers

42 the automobile industry pocket guide

Resource-efficient production

Long-term strategies to reduce water consumption have made it possible to reduce the water use per car produced by almost 23%. This includes the increasing use of re-circulation technologies, which allows the reuse of water.

Water Used

95.00 7.50

90.00 7.00

85.00 6.50

80.00 6.00 Cars, Trucks and the Environment Cars, Trucks 75.00 -22.9% 5.50

70.00 5.00

65.00 4.50 60.00 4.00

Million m3 2005 2006 2007 m3

Water total (million m3/year) | Water per unit produced (m3)

Source: ACEA What our industry delivers

43 Cars, Trucks and the Environment

European auto manufacturers have significantly reduced the environmental impact of vehicle production in recent years.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) are organic solvents mainly emitted from paintshops. The graph shows the VOC emissions per car produced and the emissions of all passenger car manufacturers taken together. With new technologies such as water-based paints that replace solvent-based paints, manufacturers have been able to reduce emissions by 14.3% per vehicle.

VOC Emissions per Vehicle Produced Absolute VOC Emissions

4.5

4.0

3.5 70

3.0 60

2.5 50

2.0 40

1.5 30

1.0 20

0.5 10

0 0

kg/unit 2005 2007 thousand tons 2005 2007

Source: ACEA Source: ACEA What our industry delivers

44 the automobile industry pocket guide

Energy Consumption

44.00 2.80 As cars are equipped with more and more 42.00 2.70 features to make them safer and more 40.00 environmentally-friendly, the complexity of 2.60 38.00 production increases as well, with negative effects 36.00 2.50 -6.5% on energy demand. However, manufacturers 34.00 2.40 constantly work on improving energy efficiency. 32.00 2.30 30.00 As a result, energy consumption per vehicle 2.20 produced has decreased by 6.5%. Million MWH 2005 2006 2007 MWH

Energy Total (Million MWH/year) | Energy per unit produced (MWH) n o t e The figures include direct and indirect Source: ACEA energy consumption, i.e. from on-site and external energy suppliers.

CO2 Emissions

13.00 0.88 12.00 0.87 11.00 CO emissions per vehicle produced decreased 0.86 2 10.00 0.85 by 5%, mostly through efficiency increases, 9.00 -5.0% 0.84 and somewhat helped by a warm winter in

8.00 and the Environment Cars, Trucks 0.83 2007. Differences in the trends on energy 7.00 0.82 consumption (previous graph) and CO2 6.00 0.81 emissions have to do with changes in the energy 5.00 0.80 mix available at the different production sites. Million tons 2005 2006 2007 tons n o t e As for energy, the figures include direct CO2 Emissions Total Million (t/year) | CO2 Emissions per unit produced (t) Source: ACEA and indirect emissions, i.e. from on-site and external energy suppliers.

What our industry delivers

45 Cars, Trucks and the Environment

The amount of waste per vehicle went down 4.8%, thanks to efforts by the manufacturers to reduce waste. Waste (excluding scrap metal) n o t e Scrap metal, which is recycled and then used as a secondary raw material, is not included. 2.1 0.17 1.9 -0.8% 0.16 1.7 0.15 1.5 0.14 1.3 -4.8% 1.1 0.13

0.9 0.12

0.7 0.11 0.5 0.10

Million tons 2005 2006 2007 tons

Waste total (t/year) | Waste per unit produced (t) Source: ACEA

What our industry delivers

46 the automobile industry pocket guide

Alternative fuels and energies

A wide variety of alternative fuels exists in the EU. They should be used to reduce emissions and decrease our dependency on fossil fuels.

Biofuels can significantly contribute to overall CO2 emission reductions. The vehicle technology is known and cost-efficient. FlexFuel vehicles can run on 85% ethanol and 15% conventional petrol. The auto industry has made a commitment that as of 2010 all new models will be compatible with E10/B7. Cars, Trucks and the Environment Cars, Trucks Gas in the form of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) or Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) can contribute to reducing emissions today. Plug-in hybrid vehicles will become available in more varieties and European manufacturers are advancing extended-range and battery electric car technology as well. Future hydrogen-powered cars will emit mainly water vapour.

What our industry delivers

47 Cars, Trucks and the Environment

Building an infrastructure

To be successful, alternative fuel and energy technologies need to be affordable, easy to use and widely available. For biofuels, the future lies with so-called second generation biofuels, and their introduction should be encouraged: – they are likely to be better compatible with existing vehicles; – they are produced from different raw materials such as agricultural waste material or wood. The vehicle technology is known but the availability of these fuels and their infrastructure is still lacking. To fully benefit from the advantages of plug-in hybrid and battery electric vehicles, electricity will have to become increasingly drawn from renewable sources. The electricity infrastructure will have to be adapted and extended. A positive policy framework, including fiscal incentives, is needed to stimulate the uptake of the electric vehicles. Filling stations for gas and hydrogen should be more widely spread.

What else is key

48 the automobile industry pocket guide

Consumer awareness and market incentives

The choices that consumers make will be essential to meet fuel efficiency standards and

CO2 emissions objectives. When purchasing a car, consumers weigh many criteria: from safety and design to reliability and fuel consumption.

Building awareness about sustainable mobility and the Environment Cars, Trucks will be key; as is the broad encouragement to accept and use new technologies.

CO2-related vehicle taxation can help create consumer demand for fuel-efficient technologies and alternative fuels.

What else is key

49 Cars, Trucks and the Environment

Intelligent transport management

Substituting 50% of current traffic lights withdynamic systems for a better traffic flow can save

2.4 million tonnes of CO2 per year. Better cooperation of transport modes and removing barriers to cross-border haulage can reduce

CO2 emissions significantly.

What else is key

50 the automobile industry pocket guide

The policy framework Vehicle technology alone will not be enough to make mobility sustainable – a partnership of industries, governments Over 50 CO2-cutting technologies and customers is required. have been introduced, and the flow of innovative eco-technologies will continue.

Driver CO -related taxation Behaviour 2 Vehicle creates consumer Technology demand for fuel-efficient vehicles and Alternative Infrastructure alternative fuels. Fuels & Logistics Eco-driving can improve fuel economy Cars, Trucks and the Environment Cars, Trucks by up to 20%.

CO2-related Taxation

Alternative fuels and renewable Better cooperation of transport modes energies can significantly contribute and removing barriers to cross-border haulage

to overall CO2 emission reductions. can reduce CO2 emissions significantly.

What else is key

51 Key figures

european automobile manufacturers association Key figures Key the automobile industry pocket guide

The European automobile industry...

Jobs Growth Innovation

The automotive industry Europe is the world’s largest vehicle Automobiles are highly complex is a formidable employer in Europe. producer with an output of and innovative products. At least 12 million families over 15 million passenger cars, The ACEA members invest annually depend on automotive employment vans, trucks and buses per year, over € 26 billion in R&D, with 2.3 million direct jobs or 25% of worldwide or 5% of their turnover. and another 10.4 million vehicle production. Total automotive R&D investments, in directly related manufacturing including those from suppliers, and other sectors. are even higher. The auto industry is the largest private investor in R&D in Europe. Key figures Key

55 key figures

... the “engine of Europe”

Made Sustainable in Europe Global Scope Mobility The 16 major car, truck The automotive industry Cars, trucks and buses are and bus manufacturers in Europe is a leading EU export sector the source of everyday mobility and operate 183 vehicle assembly with a net trade contribution transportation, fuelling economic and engine production plants of almost € 30 billion. activity, social life and cultural in 19 Member States, often Leading in high-quality products, exchange. European manufacturers sustaining the economic fabric of the industry sells are leading in environmental and complete regions and cities. and produces vehicles safety technologies and are a in all major world markets. driving force behind the sustainable mobility concepts of the future.

56 the automobile industry pocket guide

Key figures

Production Total Motor Vehicles (Worldwide) 2009 61.7 Mn units Total Motor Vehicles (EU27) 2009 15.2 Mn units = 25% of worldwide MV production Total Passenger Cars (Worldwide) 2009 47.5 Mn units Total Passenger Cars (EU27) 2009 13.9 Mn units = 29% of worldwide PC production Production value 2007 756 Bn EUR New Registrations Total MV (Worldwide) 2009 60.5 Mn units Total MV (EU27) 2009 15.8 Mn units = 26% of worldwide MV registrations/sales Total Passenger Cars (Worldwide) 2009 50.1 Mn units Total Passenger Cars (EU27) 2009 14.1 Mn units = 28% of worldwide PC registrations/sales Diesel (Western Europe) 2009 46% Share Employment Automotive manufacturing (EU27) 2007 3.5 Mn people = 10% of EU manufacturing industry Total automotive employment (manufacturing & services) 2007 12.6 Mn people = 6% of EU employed population Turnover ACEA members 2008 536 Bn EUR R&D Investment ACEA members 2008 26 Bn EUR =5% of turnover Value Added EU27 2007 155.4 Bn EUR = 9% of manufacturing sector Exports Extra-EU27 2009 53.8 Bn EUR Imports Extra-EU27 2009 25.2 Bn EUR Trade Balance 2009 28.6 Bn EUR MV in use (Parc) Total Motor Vehicles 2008 268.9 Mn units (EU27) Passenger Cars 2008 234.1 Mn units Motorization rate (cars) 2008 470 per 1,000 inhab. Tax Revenue from Motor Vehicles 2009 427.4 Bn EUR = 4% of EU15 GDP

Source: ACEA, VDA, AAA, Global Insight, Eurostat figures Key

57 Employment Employment

european automobile manufacturers association Based on Eurostat data - 2007 Automobile Sector:DirectandIndirect*Employment| inEuropeOver 12millionfamiliesdependontheautomobileindustry key figures › › › › › › › › › › › › › * › Manufacture ofelectricalequipmentforenginesandvehicles(notelsewherereported) Manufacture ofelectricmotors,generatorsandtransformers Manufacture ofcomputersandotherinformationprocessingequipment Retail saleofautomotivefuel Manufacture ofcoolingandventilationequipment Sale ofmotorvehiclepartsandaccessories Equipment andaccessories Manufacture ofbearings,gears,gearinganddrivingelements Maintenance andrepairofmotorvehicles Bodywork, trailers,caravans Sale anddistributionofmotorvehicles Manufacture, retreadingandrebuildingofrubbertyrestubes Automobile manufacturing Road transport(passengersandfreight) AUTOMOBILE USE CLOSELY RELATED MANUFACTURING ACTIVITIES TRANSPORT AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY (PRODUCTIONOPERATIONS) textile, drivingschools,licensing activities,vehicletesting,insurance andfinancing,etc. Indirect employmentdata doesnotreportemploymentinrawmaterialsector (e.g.steel,aluminium,glass, etc.), 2007 (NACE dh2512) (NACE dk2923) (NACE dk2914) (NACE dl3161) (NACE dl3002) (NACE dm343) (NACE dm342) (NACE dm341) (NACE dl311) (NACE g505) (NACE g503) (NACE g502) (NACE g501) (NACE i602) 4.9 MnJobs 4.2 MnJobs 1.2 MnJobs 2.3 MnJobs 12.6 MnJobs 61

Taxation Trade Employment employment

Automotive Employment put into Perspective

EU automotive employment = 12.6 Mn

Automotive non-manufacturing = 9.1 Mn Automotive manufacturing = 3.5 Mn

EU employment non-automotive, non-manufacturing = 180.4 Mn EU Manufacturing employment non-automotive = 31.0 Mn a – 2007 t t d a a B ased on Eu r o s t

Manufacturing employment related to the automotive sector 3.5 Mn people = 10.2% of total employment in EU manufacturing total automotive employment (manufacturing & sevices) 12.6 Mn people = 5.6% of EU employed population EU27 total population 493.5 Mn people EU27 total employment 224.1 Mn people EU27 employed population in manufacturing sector 34.5 Mn people = 15.4% of total employed population

Based on Eurostat data, 2007; ILO data 2007

62 Based on Eurostat data – 2007 Direct AutomotiveEmploymentbyCountry| key figures Units -inthousands 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 0 848 DE 255 FR 169 IT 166 UK 155 ES Each directjobcreatesatleastanother 5relatedjobs 135 PL 122 CZ 2007 SE 85 SK 76 RO 64 HU 56 BE 45 AT 34 NL 23 PT 23 10 SI FI 7 DK 7

IE 4 BG 3 EL 3 EE 2 LT 1 LV 1 63

Taxation Trade Employment employment

Employment* by Mode of Transport | 2007

Total Transport 9.2 Mn Railways 9,4%

Passenger Transport Air Transport 4,4% 21.3% (2.0 Mn) Sea Transport 2,0%

Road Transport Inland Water Transport 0,5% 53.4% (5 Mn) Pipelines 0,1% Freight Transport 32.2% (3.0 Mn) Travel Agencies & Tour Operators 5,3% a – 2007 t t d a a other Auxiliary Transport Activities 24,8% B ased on Eu r o s t

* Employment in companies whose main activity lies in the transport mode concerned

64 Production Production

european automobile manufacturers association key figures

Passenger Car Production - International Comparison | 1999 – 2009

Units 18,000,000 36.2% 33.3% 15,000,000 36.8% 29.5%

12,000,000 Production 9,000,000 19.6% 20.8% 20.4%

14.5% 14.9% 14.5% EU 6,000,000 NAFTA 8.5% 7.9% 7.0% 6.7% Japan 3,000,000 5.9% South Korea 0 BRIC

S ource : O ICA - 2010 1999 2004 2009

Passenger Car Production Worldwide | 2009

Volume % share EU 13,944,054 29.5% NAFTA 4,010,893 8.5% Japan 6,862,161 14.5% South Korea 3,158,417 6.7% BRIC 15,722,536 33.3% Total World 47,227,656 100% S ource : O ICA – 2010

67 Production

The EU produces 33 vehicles per 1,000 inhabitants

Motor Vehicle Production per 1,000 inhabitants | 2009

120

104 100 93 85 80

64 60 48 47 40 33 32 23 20 18 18 17 14 14 12 t; ACEA – 2010 t;

a 9 5 2 0 SI CZ SK DE BE ES FR PL HU UK SE IT RO PT AT NL FI S ource : Eu r o s t Production per 1,000 inhabitants

EU

68 key figures

Automobile assembly & engine production plants in Europe

Overview

EU Plants Extra EU Plants AT Austria 6 BIH Bosnia Herzegovina 1 BE 9 BY 3

BG Bulgaria 1 KZ Kazakhstan 1 Production CZ Czech republic 11 RS Serbia 2 DE 47 RU 27 EE Estonia 1 TR 16 ES 15 UA ukraine 5 FI Finland 2 UZ uzbekistan 1 FR 38 HU Hungary 6 Countries Plants IT Italy 20 Total 27 297 NL Netherlands 9 EU 19 16 PL Poland 16 ACEA members Countries Plants PT Portugal 5 Total 25 208 RO Romania 4 EU 19 183 SE Sweden 15 SI Slovenia 1 SK Slovakia 3 UK united Kingdom 32

69 Production

Motor Vehicle Production in the EU by Country | 2009

TOTAL AUSTRIA 56,000 15,714 71,714 BELGIUM 510,300 11,750 760 522,810 CZECH REPUBLIC 967,760 2,650 1,091 3,068 974,569 FINLAND 10,907 64 10,971 FRANCE 1,821,734 198,847 25,145 4,036 2,049,762 GERMANY 4,964,523 148,145 89,403 7,786 5,209,857 HUNGARY 180,500 1,670 370 182,540 t i o ns ) ITALY 661,100 158,089 23,046 1,004 843,239 NETHERLANDS 50,620 24,340 1,641 76 601 POLAND 819,000 54,864 4,822 879,186 PORTUGAL 101,680 22,172 2,079 84 126,015 ROMANIA 279,320 16,990 188 296,498 t i o nal Auto m bile A ss cia SLOVAKIA 461,340 461,340 SLOVENIA 202,570 10,179 212 749 SPAIN 1,812,688 331,131 25,707 552 2,170,078 SWEDEN 128,738 18,000 9,600 156,338 UNITED KINGDOM 999,460 80,206 9,003 1,470 1,090,139

EUROPEAN UNION * 13,944,054 1,019,613 245,640 35,109 15,244,416 S ource : Sou rce ACEA - 2010 (N a * Double countings are deducted from the totals

70 key figures

Commercial vehicle production trend

Commercial Vehicle Production in the EU | 1990-2009

Units Percentage 3,000,000 +30.0 +20.6% +17.3% +20.0 +13.2% +10.2% Production +7.5% +5.4% +10.0 +2.2% +2.3% +3.8% +3.3% +3.8% -1.0% -3.3% -3.3% 2,000,000 -5.2% +0.0 -7.7% -6.0% -10.0 -23.5% -20.0 1,000,000 -30.0 -40.0 -47.5% -50.0 0 -60.0

S ource : ACEA – 2010 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Volumes % change year-on-year

71 Production

Passenger car production trend

Passenger Car Production in the EU | 1990-2009

Units Percentage 18,000,000 +15.0 +12.4%

+8.8% +10.0

+5.6% +3.8% +4.3% +5.0 +2.9% +3.1% 12,000,000 +2.0% +1.9% +1.1% +1.3% +0.2% -1.2% -1.2% -0.9% +0.0 -3.2%

-6.7% -5.0 6,000,000 -10.0 -12.6% -15.1% -15.0

0 -20.0

S ource : ACEA – 2010 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Passenger Car Production Worldwide | 1999-2009 Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom

Units Percentage Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia

60,000,000 +8.0 % change year-on-year +6.2% +6.5% +6.6% +5.2% +6.0 +4.2% +3.7% +3.8% +4.0 50,000,000 +1.5% +2.0 -0.9% +0.0 40,000,000 -3.4% -2.0 -4.0 -6.0 30,000,000 -10.5% -8.0 -10.0 20,000,000 -12.0

S ource : O ICA – 2010 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

72 key figures

30% of passenger cars are produced in the EU

World Passenger Car Production (% share) | 2009

8.5% NAFTA S. Korea 6.7% 14.5% Japan Brazil 5.5% Production 22.0% China India 4.6% Others 3.4% 29.5% EU Asia-Others 3.3% Russia 1.3%

S ource : O ICA – 2010 Europe / Others 1.2%

World Motor Vehicle Production (% share) | 2009

13.0% Japan S. Korea 5.8% 14.4% NAFTA Brazil 5.2%

22.6% China India 4.3% Asia-Others 4.1% 25.0% EU Others 3.5% Europe / Others 1.6%

S ource : O ICA – 2010 Russia 1.2%

73 Registrations Registrations

european automobile manufacturers association key figures

Europe represents a market of over 15 Mn new vehicles per year

Motor Vehicle Registrations Worldwide | 2009

EU 26.1%

Asia 39.6%

America North & South 27.2% Registrations

Other 7.1% S ource : ACEA – 2010

One of four new vehicles in the world is sold in the EU

77 registrations

Motor Vehicle Registrations in the EU by Country | 2009

TOTAL TOTAL

AT 319,403 25,567 4,805 654 350,429 LU 47,265 2,927 870 209 51,271 BE 476,194 51,250 8,358 979 536,781 NL 387,679 51,286 11,834 1,088 451,887 BG 22,869 2,836 932 176 26,813 PL ² 320,119 41,652 10,064 953 372,788 CZ 161,659 19,427 4,760 775 186,621 PT 160,996 38,906 3,213 628 203,743 DK 112,271 15,271 3,261 314 131,117 RO 115,979 15,445 2,160 883 134,467 EE 8,234 941 225 59 9,459 SK 74,717 15,709 1,664 671 92,761 FI 90,574 8,677 3,173 592 103,016 SI 55,712 5,239 758 126 61,835 FR 2,268,671 372,575 36,174 7,432 2,684,852 ES 952,772 106,669 12,137 2,644 1,074,222 DE 3,807,175 169,376 67,196 5,612 4,049,359 SE 213,408 27,413 5,519 1,173 247,513 EL 220,548 14,549 1,872 1,012 237,981 UK 1,994,999 186,818 34,746 7,989 2,224,552 HU 78,590 11,655 2,729 177 93,151 EU ¹ 14,116,052 1,375,856 237,451 37,533 15,766,892 t i o ns ) IE 57,460 9,267 1,103 170 68,000 IT 2,158,010 181,274 19,087 3,055 2,361,426 IS 2,020 262 47 8 2,337 LV 3,745 428 297 70 4,540 NO 98,675 23,504 4,098 1,160 127,437 LT 7,003 699 514 92 8,308 CH 266,018 22,148 4,319 610 293,095

t i o nal Auto m bile A ss cia EFTA 366,713 45,914 8,464 1,778 422,869 EU + EFTA 14,482,765 1,421,770 245,915 39,311 16,189,761

¹ data for Cyprus and Malta not available

S ource : ACEA – 2010 (N a ² Sales figures

78 key figures

New Car Registrations per 100 inhabitants | 2009

10.0 9.4 9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.7 Registrations 4.4 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0 LU DE BE AT IT FR CH UK SI NL SE ES DK NO EL FI CZ PT SK IE PL HU IS EE RO BG LT LV

EU 15 EU 27* EU 10

S ource : ACEA – 2010 New Car Registrations per 100 inhabitants * EU27, data for Cyprus and Malta n.a.

79 registrations

Market Share of New Passenger Cars | 2008 – 2009

Percentage 30 %

t i o ns ) 2008 2009 25 %

20 %

15 %

10 % t i o nal Auto m bile A ss cia

5 %

0 % DE FR IT UK ES BE NL PL AT EL SE CZ PT RO DK FI SK HU SI IE LU BG EE LT LV

S ource : ACEA – 2010 (N a

In many markets, 2009 new car registrations were supported by temporary fleet renewal schemes as part of crisis relief measures

80 key figures

Trend in new EU car registrations

New Car Registrations in the EU | 1990-2009

Percentage

Units +10.0 +8.0% +7.2% 16,000,000 +5.9% +6.3% +5.2% +4.9% +5.0% +3.8% +5.0 15,000,000 +1.1% +1.0% +0.6% -0.0% -0.6% 14,000,000 -1.2% -1.2% +0.0 a -2.1% t -2.7% 13,000,000 -5.0 12,000,000 -8.0% 11,000,000 -10.0 Registrations 10,000,000 -17.0% -15.0 9,000,000 8,000,000 -20.0

S ource : ACEA – 2010, base d o n AAA a 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

New Passenger Car Registrations % change year-on-year

81 registrations

Trend in new EU commercial vehicle registrations

New Registrations in the EU | 1997-2009

Units Percentage 2,500,000 +20.0 +13.1% +15.0 a t +9.0% +9.5% +10.0 2,000,000 +5.6% +5.7% +3.0% +5.0 +0.4% 1,500,000 -2.8% -2.5% -2.7% +0.0 -9.7% -5.0 -10.0 1,000,000 -15.0 -20.0 500,000 -29.5% -25.0 LCV - Light Commercial Vehicle < 3.5t (incl. light buses) -30.0 0 -35.0 % change year-on-year

S ource : ACEA 2010, base d o n AAA a 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

New Heavy Commercial Vehicle Registrations in the EU | 1997-2009

Units Percentage

500,000 +16.5% +20.0 +12.7% +9.5% a +10.0 t +6.1% +6.4% +6.5% 400,000 +2.5% -3.7% -1.2% -2.6% +0.0 -10.0% 300,000 -10.0

200,000 -20.0 -30.0 100,000 -44.4% -40.0 Commercial Vehicle > 3.5t 0 -50.0 % change year-on-year

S ource : ACEA 2010, base d o n AAA a 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

82 key figures

Vehicle sales develop in relation to economic growth

New Passenger Car Registrations in the EU and GDP

New PC Registrations – EU EU GDP 16,000,000 +4.5 +3.5 15,000,000 +2.5 14,000,000 +1.5 +0.5

13,000,000 -0.5 GDP Growth (%) -1.5

New PC Registrations (units) 12,000,000 -2.5 11,000,000 -3.5 -4.5 10,000,000 -5.5 Registrations

S ource : AAA, ACEA, D G ECFIN 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20072008 2009

New Commercial Vehicle Registrations in the EU and GDP | 1990-2009

New CV Registrations – EU EU GDP 2,700,000 +4.5 +3.5 2,500,000 +2.5 2,300,000 +1.5 +0.5 -0.5 2,100,000 GDP Growth (%) -1.5 1,900,000 New CV Registrations (units) -2.5 1,700,000 -3.5 -4.5 1,500,000 -5.5

S ource : AAA, ACEA, D G ECFIN 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

83 registrations

A closer look at consumer demand

2009 New Car Registrations by Segment in the EU15+EFTA | 2006-2009 Small Lower Medium upper Medium Units Executive 600,000 2008 Small 600,000 Lower Medium upper Medium 500,000 Executive 2007 400,000 Small Lower Medium 300,000 upper Medium Executive

200,000 2006 Small 100,000 Lower Medium upper Medium 0 Executive jan feb mar apr may june jul aug sept oct nov dec

New Cars sold in Europe* by Segment | 2009-2010 New Cars sold in Europe* by Segment | 2009

Units 50% Small 40.5%

40% 2008 2009 Lower Medium 23.5% upper Medium 11.9% 30% MPVs 9.7% 20% SUVs 8.2% 10% Luxury 3.3%

0% Others 2.9% Upper Lower Others Luxury SUVs MPVs Medium Medium Small *2009; EU27, Norway and Switzerland, excluding Luxembourg

84 More information on trends in new car characteristics at http://www.acea.be/index.php/news/news_detail/trends_in_new_car_characteristics/ key figures

The drive towards fuel efficiency

Demand for Cars ≤ 120 gCO2/km | 1995-2009

Units 3,500,000 3,233,549 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,039,810 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,419,388 +59% 958,591 1,008,992 1,000,000 839,488 904,845 583,614 500,000 306,514 88,174 159,384 2 813 20,339 Registrations 0 0

S ource : AAA fig u res f o r t he E U 15 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

CO2 Emissions from New Cars | 1995-2009

80%

Trend in new car CO2 emissions (g/km)

39% 35% 161+ 30% 30% 31% 27% 26% 25% 27% 25% 22% 24% 23% 160-141 17% 16% 9% 11% 140-121 3% 120 and less

S ource : AAA fig u res f o r t he E U 15 1995 2006 2007 2008 2009

85 registrations

Most new cars have a diesel engine

Diesel Penetration in the EU15+EFTA (% of new cars registered) | 1990-2009

% share 60 A 50 40 30 20 10 0

S ource : AAA fig u res f o r t he E U 15+EF T 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Diesel Penetration in the EU15+EFTA by Country (% of new cars registered) | 1990-2009

% share 80 70 60 A 50 40 30 20 10 0 BE LU NO FR ES PT IE FI AT DK IT UK SE IS DE CH NL EL

S ource : AAA fig u res f o r t he E U 15+EF T EU15 + EFTA

86 More information on trends in new car characteristics at http://www.acea.be/index.php/news/news_detail/trends_in_new_car_characteristics/ key figures

New passenger car registrations – the global view

Market Shares | 2009

passenger cars 2009 % share 2008 % change Europe 33.1% America 32.1% Europe 16,576,725 33,1% 18,643,256 -11,1% Europe-Others 0.5% Nafta 25.2% EU 14,116,052 28,2% 14,331,792 -1,5% Turkey 0.7% uSA 20.7% Russia 2.9% EFTA 366,837 0,7% 408,207 -10,1% EFTA 0.7% Mercosur 6.9% Russia 1,465,917 2,9% 2,897,459 -49,4% EU 28.2% Brazil 6.0% Turkey 369,819 0,7% 305,998 20,9% Europe-Others 258,100 0,5% 699,800 -63,1% America 1 16,091,990 32,1% 19,101,002 -15,8% Registrations NAFTA 12,613,177 25,2% 15,849,054 -20,4% of which USA 10,402,215 20,7% 13,194,741 -21,2% Mercosur 3,478,813 6,9% 3,251,948 7,0% Asia 33.2% of which Brazil 3,008,742 6,0% 2,670,991 12,6% Japan 7.8% Asia 16,656,815 33,2% 13,763,033 21,0% Others 1.6% South Korea 2.4% Japan 3,923,740 7,8% 4,227,643 -7,2% China 16.7% India 3.6% South Korea 1,225,000 2,4% 1,034,387 18,4% Asia-Others 3 2.6% China 8,380,870 16,7% 5,692,049 47,2% India 1,815,205 3,6% 1,545,342 17,5% Asia-Others 2 1,312,000 2,6% 1,263,612 3,8%

Others 3 819,674 1,6% 965,006 -15,1% 1. Including Light Commercial Vehicles 2. Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand Total World 50,145,204 100,0% 52,472,297 -4,4%

S ource : ACEA 2010 3. Australia, New Zealand, South Africa

87 registrations

New motor vehicle registrations – worldwide

Market Shares | 2009

motor vehicles 2009 % share 2008 % change Europe 30.9% America 27.2% Europe 18,682,643 30,9% 21,890,861 -14,7% Europe-Others 0.5% Nafta 21.2% EU 15,766,892 26,1% 16,730,630 -5,8% Turkey 1.0% uSA 17,5% Russia 2.7% EFTA 422,869 0,7% 485,172 -12,8% EFTA 0.7% Mercosur 6.0% Russia 1,618,917 2,7% 3,366,415 -51,9% EU 26.1% Brazil 5.2% Turkey 575,865 1,0% 526,544 9,4% Europe-Others 298,100 0,5% 782,100 -61,9% America 16,493,364 27,2% 19,676,000 -16,2% NAFTA 12,859,317 21,2% 16,238,514 -20,8% of which USA 10,601,901 17,5% 13,493,165 -21,4% Mercosur 3,634,047 6,0% 3,437,486 5,7% Asia 39.6% of which Brazil 3,146,905 5,2% 2,825,716 11,4% Japan 7.6% 2 Asia 23,982,136 39,6% 19,709,185 21,7% Others 2.2% South Korea 2.4% Japan 4,609,255 7,6% 5,082,235 -9,3% China 22.5% India 3.7% South Korea 1,445,000 2,4% 1,237,087 16,8% Asia-Others 1 3.3% China 13,644,794 22,5% 9,336,326 46,1% India 2,263,887 3,7% 1,983,045 14,2% Asia-Others 1 2,019,200 3,3% 2,070,492 -2,5% Others 2 1,361,145 2,2% 1,598,505 -14,8% 1. Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand Total World 60,519,288 100,0% 64,116,327 -5,6%

S ource : ACEA 2010 2. Australia, New Zealand, South Africa

88 Vehicles in Use Vehicles in Use Vehicles

european automobile manufacturers association key figures

Cars in the EU are on average 8.2 years old

Average Car Age by Country | 2008

18.0 16.0 15.9 14.0 12.0 11.6 11.0 11.0 10.5 10.0 9.5 9.0 8.3 8.2 8.2 7.9 7.7 8.0 6.9 6.0 4.0 2.0 0

LATVIA SLOVAKIA FINLAND ESTONIA GREECE SWEDEN PORTUGAL FRANCE GERMANY BELGIUM AUSTRIA UK ANFAC, ACEA – 2010 Source : ANFAC, EU*

Car Fleet* Composition | 2008 Vehicles in Use Vehicles

34.5% Cars > 10 years old

33.6% Cars ≤ 5 years old

31.9% Cars 5-10 years old

ANFAC, ACEA – 2010 Source : ANFAC, * for available countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, , Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, UK.

91 vehicles in use

EU vehicle fleet composition

EU Fleet by Vehicle Type | 2008

Cars 87.1%

Commercial Vehicles 12.6% t – 2010 a Buses & Coaches 0.3% S ource : Eu r o s t

EU Passenger Car Fleet by Fuel Type | 2008

Gasoline 63.6%

Diesel 33.7%

Other 2.7% ANFAC, ACEA – 2010 S ource : ANFAC,

92 key figures

EU vehicle fleet development

EU Car Fleet | 1993 – 2008

Units - in thousands 250,000

200,000

150,000

100,000 t – 2010 a 50,000

0

S ource : Eu r o s t 1993 1998 2003 2008

EU Commercial Vehicle Fleet | 1993 – 2008

Units - in thousands

40,000 in Use Vehicles 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000

t – 2010 10,000 a 5,000 0

S ource : Eu r o s t 1993 1998 2003 2008

93 vehicles in use

Vehicle spread in the EU

Car Fleet by Country (in units and % share) | 2008

Units

45,000,000 17.7% 40,000,000 15.4% 35,000,000 13.3% 30,000,000 12.5%

25,000,000 9.5%

20,000,000 6.9% 15,000,000

10,000,000 3.2% 2.2% 2.1% 1.9% 1.9% 1.8% 1.8% 1.7% 5,000,000 1.3% t – 2010 1.2% 1.0% a 0.9% 0.8% 0.7% 0.7% 0.4% 0.4% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0 DE IT FR UK ES PL NL BE EL CZ PT AT SE RO HU FI BG DK IE LT SK SI LV EE CY LU MT

S ource : Eu r o s t

94 key figures

International comparison

Car Fleet (in Mn) | 2008

Units – in millions

250.00 234.08

200.00

150.00 135.52

100.00 57.93

t, G l o bal I nsigh t t, 50.00 a 32.02 25.74 21.88 12.48 9.85 0.00 * 27 countries included over the whole period EU* USA JAPAN RUSSIA CHINA BRAZIL S. KOREA INDIA S ource : Eu r o s t

Car Fleet Growth (% change) | 1996-2008

% change +30.0 +25.0

+20.0 in Use Vehicles +15.0 +10.0 +5.0 +0.0 -5.0

EU* China t, G l o bal I nsigh t t, -10.0 a uSA Brazil -15.0 Japan South Korea Russia India -20.0

S ource : Eu r o s t 1996 1997 1998 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

95 vehicles in use

Trends in motorisation

Car Density in the World (cars per 1,000 inhabitants) | 2008

500 470 454 444 400

300 254 226 200 113

t, G l o bal I nsigh t t, 100 a 19 8 0 EU* JAPAN USA S. KOREA RUSSIA BRAZIL CHINA INDIA

S ource : Eu r o s t * 27 countries included over the whole period

Car Density in the EU (cars per 1,000 inhabitants) | 2008

700 667

600 601 557 555 514 513 507 504 499 498 500 483 477 475 470 462 458 446 439 423 422 415 413 412 400 381

311 305 300 285

200 187

100 t a 0 LU IT CY MT SI AT FI DE LT FR ES BE UK EU SE NL EL IE CZ PL PT LV EE DK BG HU SK RO

S ource : Eu r o s t

96 Trade Trade

european automobile manufacturers association key figures

The EU automotive industry is a formidable exporter

EU Exports of Passenger Cars (in value)

North America 31.6% EFTA & 25.6%

Asia & Oceania 26.8%

Middle East 6.8% South America & Caribbean 2.2%

Africa 7.2% Trade t, 2009 t, a S ource : Eu r o s t

99 TRADE

EU Motor Vehicle Trade (in € Mn)

Year 2008 Year 2009 % chg 09/08 trade trade trade trade in value (¤Mn) importS ExportS BALANCE IMPortS ExportS BALANCE IMPortS ExportS BALANCE Passenger Cars 30,058 69,576 39,518 21,743 47,747 26,004 -27.7% -31.4% -34.2% t a Light Commercial Vehicles (up to 5t) 4,530 3,455 -1,075 2,567 1,881 -686 -43.3% -45.6% -36.2% Commercial Vehicles (over 5t) + Buses & Coaches 1,196 6,767 5,571 866 4,136 3,270 -27.6% -38.9% -41.3%

t o t a l 35,784 79,798 44,014 25,176 53,764 28,588 -29.6% -32.6% -35.0% S ource : Eu r o s t

EU Motor Vehicle Trade (in units)

Source: Eurostat

Year 2008 Year 2009 % chg 09/08

trade in volume (units) importS ExportS IMPortS Exports importS Exports Passenger Cars 3,004,033 5,786,073 2,273,745 3,437,543 -24.3% -40.6% t a Light Commercial Vehicles (up to 5t) 425,056 341,152 245,470 225,464 -42.2% -33.9% Commercial Vehicles (over 5t) + Buses & Coaches 20,638 207,918 14,942 143,956 -27.6% -30.8%

t o t a l 3,449,727 6,335,143 2,534,157 3,806,963 -26.5% -39.9% S ource : Eu r o s t

100 key figures

Most imports to the EU come from Japan

Origin of most EU Passenger Car Imports (in € Mn)

2007 2008 2009 % chg 09/08 % chg 08/07 % chg 09/07 % share in 2009 World 33,774 30,058 21,743 -27.7% -11.0% -35.6% 100.0% Japan 12,030 10,821 7,896 -27.0% -10.1% -34.4% 36.3% Turkey 4,206 3,676 3,193 -13.1% -12.6% -24.1% 14.7% 6,395 6,036 2,990 -50.5% -5.6% -53.2% 13.8% South Korea 6,691 3,945 2,607 -33.9% -41.0% -61.0% 12.0% India 335 585 1,536 162.8% 74.7% 359.0% 7.1% Mexico 1,992 2,405 1,499 -37.7% 20.7% -24.8% 6.9% Brazil 567 808 539 -33.4% 42.7% -4.9% 2.5% t a South Africa 70 300 469 56.4% 327.5% 568.5% 2.2% China 508 564 360 -36.1% 10.9% -29.1% 1.7% Switzerland 193 154 125 -19.1% -19.9% -35.2% 0.6% S ource : Eu r o s t

Passenger Cars – Origin of EU Imports (in value) | 2009 India 7.1% 12.0% S. Korea Mercosur 2.6% 14.7% Turkey South Africa 2.2% China 1.7% 20.9% NAFTA Trade Asia & Oceania-Others 1.0%

t 36.3% Japan Efta 0.8% a 0.2% Europe-Others Africa-Others 0.2% 0.2% Middle East Russia 0.2%

S ource : Eu r o s t Others 0.2%

101 TRADE

Origin of most EU Passenger Car Imports (in units)

2007 2008 2009 % chg 09/08 % chg 08/07 % chg 09/07 % share in 2009 World 3,437,676 3,004,033 2,273,745 -24.3% -12.6% -33.9% 100.0% Japan 965,891 867,496 643,155 -25.9% -10.2% -33.4% 28.3% South Korea 651,335 446,552 350,259 -21.6% -31.4% -46.2% 15.4% Turkey 385,727 411,567 313,660 -23.8% 6.7% -18.7% 13.8% India 119,630 99,540 265,558 166.8% -16.8% 122.0% 11.7% China 392,926 303,698 177,783 -41.5% -22.7% -54.8% 7.8% United States 460,222 371,967 174,461 -53.1% -19.2% -62.1% 7.7% Mexico 152,007 183,650 116,291 -36.7% 20.8% -23.5% 5.1% t a Taiwan 122,466 136,739 73,854 -46.0% 11.7% -39.7% 3.2% Brazil 63,798 53,084 47,216 -11.1% -16.8% -26.0% 2.1% South Africa 3,913 20,520 31,308 52.6% 424.4% 700.1% 1.4% S ource : Eu r o s t

Passenger Cars – Origin of EU Imports (in units) | 2009

30.0% 28.3

20.0% 15.4 13.8 11.7

t 10.0% 7.8 7.7 a 5.1 3.2 2.1 1.4 0% JAPAN S. KOREA TURKEY INDIA CHINA USA MEXICO TAIWAN BRAZIL S. AFRICA S ource : Eu r o s t

102 key figures

Car shipments to the USA represent over a quarter of EU car exports (in value)

Main Destinations of EU Passenger Car Exports (in € Mn)

2007 2008 2009 % chg 09/08 % chg 08/07 % chg 09/07 % share in 2009 World 71,025 69,576 47,747 -31.4% -2.0% -32.8% 100.0% United States 24,754 20,550 12,708 -38.2% -17.0% -48.7% 26.6% China 3,345 4,610 5,470 18.7% 37.8% 63.5% 11.5% Switzerland 4,324 4,365 3,841 -12.0% 0.9% -11.2% 8.0% Japan 4,121 3,256 2,670 -18.0% -21.0% -35.2% 5.6% Russia 6,659 8,790 2,538 -71.1% 32.0% -61.9% 5.3% Turkey 2,835 2,808 2,047 -27.1% -1.0% -27.8% 4.3% Norway 2,703 2,192 1,854 -15.4% -18.9% -31.4% 3.9% Canada 2,094 2,085 1,792 -14.1% -0.4% -14.4% 3.8% t a Australia 2,101 2,188 1,576 -28.0% 4.1% -25.0% 3.3% South Africa 1,603 1,026 948 -7.6% -36.0% -40.9% 2.0% South Korea 975 912 802 -12.1% -6.5% -17.7% 1.7% S ource : Eu r o s t

Passenger Cars – Destination of EU Exports (in value) | 2009 Japan 5.6% 6.8% Middle East Russia 5.3% 11.5% China Africa-Others 5.2% 12.0% EFTA Asia & Oceania 4.7% Trade 31.6% NAFTA

t Turkey 4.3% a 0.8% Others Europe-Others 4.0% 1.4% Mercosur Australia 3.3% 1.7% South Korea S ource : Eu r o s t South Africa 2.0%

103 TRADE

About 16% of exported cars set sail to the USA

Main Destinations of EU Passenger Car Exports (in units)

2007 2008 2009 % chg 09/08 % chg 08/07 % chg 09/07 % share in 2009 World 5,069,862 4,854,618 3,438,246 -29.2% -4.2% -32.2% 100.0% United States 988,449 875,953 544,506 -37.8% -11.4% -44.9% 15.8% Iran 202,537 390,955 350,131 -10.4% 93.0% 72.9% 10.2% Switzerland 244,539 234,076 200,328 -14.4% -4.3% -18.1% 5.8% Russia 533,780 675,312 177,550 -73.7% 26.5% -66.7% 5.2% China 100,480 136,566 173,135 26.8% 35.9% 72.3% 5.0% Turkey 225,785 223,463 169,275 -24.2% -1.0% -25.0% 4.9% Japan 213,709 161,750 112,448 -30.5% -24.3% -47.4% 3.3% Belarus 100,963 119,212 111,852 -6.2% 18.1% 10.8% 3.3% t a t Norway 153,320 124,422 111,329 -10.5% -18.8% -27.4% 3.2% ros Eu Mexico 64,012 58,635 104,900 78.9% -8.4% 63.9% 3.1% Canada 90,609 103,466 86,565 -16.3% 14.2% -4.5% 2.5% Source :

Destination of EU Passenger Car Exports (in units) | 2009

20.0% 15.8 15.0%

10.2 10.0% 5.8 5.2 5.0 4.9

t 5.0% a 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1 t 2.5

ros 0% Eu

USA iran Switzerland RUSSIA CHINA TURKEY JAPAN Norway Belarus MEXICO Canada Source :

104 key figures

A closer look at imports of all vehicle categories

Origin of most EU Motor Vehicle Imports (in units)

2007 2008 2009 % chg 09/08 % chg 08/07 % chg 09/07 % share in 2009 World 3,830,315 3,449,727 2,577,123 -25.3% -9.9% -32.7% 100.0% Japan 988,418 894,298 658,331 -26.4% -9.5% -33.4% 25.5% Turkey 621,373 716,977 497,074 -30.7% 15.4% -20.0% 19.3% South Korea 655,421 452,354 352,540 -22.1% -31.0% -46.2% 13.7% India 121,276 102,124 266,958 161.4% -15.8% 120.1% 10.4% China 393,769 305,310 227,019 -25.6% -22.5% -42.3% 8.8% United States 469,366 382,498 179,546 -53.1% -18.5% -61.7% 7.0% Mexico 152,046 183,689 116,301 -36.7% 20.8% -23.5% 4.5% t a Taiwan 122,555 136,754 73,855 -46.0% 11.6% -39.7% 2.9% Brazil 68,698 58,382 49,594 -15.1% -15.0% -27.8% 1.9% South Africa 25,092 35,321 38,779 9.8% 40.8% 54.5% 1.5% S ource : Eu r o s t

Origin of EU Motor Vehicle Imports (in units) | 2009

30.0% 25,5 20.0% 19,3 Trade 13,7 10,4 t 10.0% 8,8 a 7 4,5 2,9 1,9 1.5 0% JAPAN TURKEY S. KOREA INDIA CHINA USA MEXICO TAIWAN BRAZIL S. AFRICA S ource : Eu r o s t

105 TRADE

A closer look at exports of all vehicle categories

Main Destinations of EU Motor Vehicle Exports (in units)

2007 2008 2009 % chg 09/08 % chg 08/07 % chg 09/07 % share in 2009 World 5,642,020 5,403,265 3,804,561 -29.6% -4.2% -32.6% 100.0% United States 997,593 882,134 547,340 -38.0% -11.6% -45.1% 14.4% Iran 203,075 391,475 350,611 -10.4% 92.8% 72.7% 9.2% Switzerland 268,413 259,625 221,096 -14.8% -3.3% -17.6% 5.8% Russia 609,721 735,978 192,820 -73.8% 20.7% -68.4% 5.1% Turkey 258,557 256,330 187,133 -27.0% -0.9% -27.6% 4.9% China 103,541 138,146 175,039 26.7% 33.4% 69.1% 4.6% Norway 177,437 146,063 123,735 -15.3% -17.7% -30.3% 3.3% t a t Belarus 109,411 128,884 119,430 -7.3% 17.8% 9.2% 3.1% ros Eu Japan 213,999 161,838 112,527 -30.5% -24.4% -47.4% 3.0% Mexico 90,819 70,014 109,030 55.7% -22.9% 20.1% 2.9% Source :

Destination of EU Motor Vehicle Exports (in units) | 2009

20.0%

15.0% 14,4

10.0% 9,2 5.8 5,1 4,9 4,6 t 5.0% a 3.3 3.1 t 3.0 2,9

ros 0% Eu

USA iran Switzerland RUSSIA TURKEY CHINA Norway Belarus JAPAN MEXICO Source :

106 Taxation

european automobile manufacturers association Taxation key figures

17 Member States levy CO2-related taxation on cars

In 2010, seventeen EU Member States levied CO2-related taxes on passenger cars. Fifteen governments provided tax incentives for electrically chargeable vehicles. In 2009, total motor vehicle taxes in the EU15 amounted to €427 billion or 3.9% of GDP. The European car industry supports the further introduction of the fiscal incentives to promote fuel efficiency. Tax measures are an important tool in shaping consumer demand towards fuel-efficient cars, and help create a market for breakthrough technologies, no- tably during the introduction phase. The environmental results of the tax incentives in the EU may be negatively influenced by the widely varying systems in each country. The European car industry urges EU governments to show more resolve in harmonising car taxation schemes. The car industry advocates a linear system, in which tax levels are directly proportionate to the car’s CO2 emissions and every gramme of CO2 is taxed the same. Car tax schemes should neither include nor exclude specific technologies and be budget neutral in end-effect.

CO2– related car taxation is applied in: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom. Incentives for electrically chargeable vehicles are provided in all Western European countries with the exception of Italy and Luxem- bourg. The Czech Republic and Romania take the total number of

Member States with these incentives up to fifteen. Taxation

109 Taxation

Fiscal Income from the Motor Vehicles in the EU* | 2008

AT BE dK dE ES FR EL IE IT NL PT FI SE uK

€ bn € bn dKK bn € bn € bn € bn € bn € bn € bn € bn € bn € bn SEK bn £ bn Purchase or transfer 1. VAT on vehicles, servicing/ repair parts, tyres 2.510 3.054 n.a. 27.100 4.957 13.186 n.a. 0.084 18.460 1.607 1.200 1.272 15.000 12.830 New vehicle sales 1.431 19.100 2.871 7.184 0.721 0.783 Second-hand vehicle sales 0.081 2.200 0.062 0.586 0.094 Services and repair + tyres 1.637 4.470 5.416 0.730 Accessories and spare parts 0.905 1.330 2.024 – 2. Fuels & Lubricants 5.523 6.073 15.000 39.930 16.815 34.735 3.115 2.651 33.460 9.867 3.700 3.284 50.000 24.510 3. Sales & registration taxes 0.530 0.358 24.300 1.043 1.888 0.843 1.121 1.230 3.271 1.175 1.018 Annual ownership taxes 1.510 1.401 9.627 8.840 2.636 1.296 0.996 1.057 6.470 3.079 0.080 0.637 11.850 5.380 driving license fees 0.007 0.010 0.092 – 0.070 Insurance taxes 0.320 0.462 2.096 3.570 0.739 3.933 4.230 0.260 3.350 tolls 1.300 0.413 9.484 N.A. 0.040 1.250 Customs duties 0.093 0.480 – 0.125 other taxes 0.570 0.589 0.750 0.355 1.435 N.A. 0.177 4.600 0.501 0.090 7.250 3.710 TOTAL 12.263 16.091 51.436 107.780 31.594 79.143 5.675 5.130 69.700 19.932 6.370 6.471 87.450 46.500 EURO 12.3 16.1 6.9 107.8 31.6 79.1 5.7 5.1 69.7 19.9 6.4 6.5 8.2 52.2 GRAND TOTAL = € 427.4 BN S ource : ACEA – 2010

*no data available for other EU Member States

110 key figures

Share of VAT in Net Price of the Car

Denmark Austria Germany Hungary 25 % Bulgaria Netherlands 19 % Sweden Czech Republic Romania Estonia 20 % Finland Slovakia 22 % Italy Poland Malta 18 % Portugal Belgium UK 17.5 % Slovenia Greece Spain 16 % France 19.6 % Ireland 21 % Cyprus Lithuania 15 % Luxembourg S ource : ACEA – 2010 Latvia

Excise Duties on Fuels in € / 1,000 litres

AT BE BG CY CZ dK EE FI FR dE EL HU IE IT LV LT LU MT NL PL PT RO SK SI ES SE uK EU minimum rates

Unleaded Petrol 442 614 350 299 505 571 423 627 607 655 410 444 543 564 380 434 462 459 714 391 583 348 515 499 425 540 617 359

Diesel 347 353 307 245 431 386 393 364 428 470 302 360 449 423 330 274 310 352 421 302 364 293 368 432 331 451 617 330 S ource : ACEA – 2010 Taxation

111 Cars PC Passenger Cars Vans AT Austria LT Lithuania Europe EU27 + EFTA LCV Light Commercial Vehicles + / coaches 3.5t BE Belgium LU Luxembourg EFTA Iceland + Norway + Switzerland NAFTA USA + Canada + Mexico Trucks BG Bulgaria LV Latvia BRIC Brazil + Russia + India + China CV MCV + HCV CH Switzerland MT Malta Mercosur Argentina + Brazil + Paraguay + Uruguay MCV Medium Commercial Vehicles > 3.5t but 16t CY Cyprus NL Netherlands ASEAN Brunei + Indonesia + Malaysia HCV Heavy Commercial Vehicles > 16t + Philippines + Singapore CZ Czech Republic NO Norway Buses + Coaches + Thailand + Vietnam B&C Buses > 3.5t DE Germany PL Poland CIS Commonwealth of Independent States: Armenia + Azerbaijan + Belarus Motor Vehicles DK Denmark PT Portugal + Kazakhstan + Uzbekistan MV Cars + Vans + Trucks + Buses & Coaches EE Estonia RO Romania + Tajikistan + Kyrgyzstan + Moldavia Sport Utility Vehicles EL Greece RS Serbia + Ukraine + Russia SUV off-road passenger cars (4X4) ES Spain RU Russia EC European Commission FI Finland SE Sweden CAFE Clean Air for Europe EEA European Environment Agency FR France SI Slovenia PM particulate matter NOx nitrogen oxides OECD Organisation for Economic CO carbon monoxide CO carbon dioxide HU Hungary SK Slovakia Cooperation and Development 2 IE Ireland TR Turkey AAA Association Auxiliaire de l’Automobile Mn million Bn billion VDA Verband der Automobilindustrie g gramme t tonne IS Iceland UA Ukraine OICA Organisation Internationale tkm tonne-kilometre pkm passenger-kilometre IT Italy UK United Kingdom des Constructeurs d’Automobiles GCW gross combined weight GPD gross domestic product