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MOUNT HOPE BRIDGE Rhode Island This bridge, designed by Robinson and Steinman, crosses Mt. Hope Bay , an arm of Narragansett Bay, between Providence and Newport with a main span of 1200 ft, side spans of 504 ft and a roadway width of 27 ft. It was opened to traffic on October 24, 1929. MtTRope Bridge —___; *®^&£!*«t Bristol HT. , =7lf*M DELAWARE MEMORIAL BRIDGE Wilmington, DE The Delaware Memorial Bridge was opened to traffic on August 15,1951. It has a main suspension span of 2,150 ft and side spans of 750 ft, for a total length of structure of 10,765 ft. The bridge was originally designed for six lanes of traffic but when bids came in above the estimate, the bridge was redesigned to carry only four lanes of traffic. With the opening of the New Jersey Turnpike, traffic on the bridge soon reached capacity, and a parallel bridge with similar dimensions was built to provide four lanes of traffic in each direction. The original bridge was designed by Howard, Needles, Tammen & Bergendoff with O.H.Ammann as consultant. The second bridge was also designed by HNTB with E.Lionel Pavlo as consultant. The World's LongesL Twin Suspension Bridge BENJAMIN FRANKLIN BRIDGE The Benjamin Franklin Bridge crosses the Delaware River between Philadelphia, PA and Camden, NJ. Its total length is 1.8 miles. The main span between the 385 ft high towers is 1,750 ft and provides a clearance above water of 135 ft. Originally, the bridge carried six traffic lanes, two high-speed railroad tracks and one trolley line. Now it carries seven traffic lanes and two tracks for a commuter line. Completed in 1926, the bridge was designed by Ralph Modjeski. SEP AD U.S.POSTAG. NATIONAL STAMP -•Jfl8M~03 M ETEA EXHIBITION PB,I0923o G David Brown, 20 Worcester St Cambridge 3, Mass. UNHID STATES AIRMAIL FIRST FLIGrTi Miss. Joyce L. Bell. 24 West Market St., Mount Union, Penna. EXPERIMENTAL PICKUP ROUTER DELAWARE RIVER BRIDGE BENJAMIN FRANKLIN BRIDGE WALT WHITMAN BRIDGE The Walt Whitman Bridge crosses the Delaware River south of Philadelphia. It has a main span of 2000 ft and side spans of 770 ft. Design by Amraann & Whitney / Modjeski & Masters. RIMCR MID STEEL GROUJinG TOGETHER ••••^•1 fi ZmlTk -^g.v •B| U.S.PDSTHGE JC 1 FRIENDS SELECT SCHOOL 1 16th NORTH OF CHERRY ST. PHILADELPHIA, PA. MAY 24, 25, 26*1957 Detroit AMBASSADOR BRIDGE Windsor USA Canada . .„,__. — -j^jj-'jj'AT_ NOTIFY . ' YOUR CORRESPONDENTS j OF CHANGE INTERNATIONAL GOOD OF ADDRESS£ WILL JUBILEE by "5 K American and Canadian § Legions On Ambassador Bridge c_ June 30, 1934 The Ambassador Bridge across the Detroit River Length of main span 1850 ft connects Detroit, Michigan, with Windsor, Ontario Length of Detroit side span 973 ft (Canada), The bridge was built by the McClintic - Length of Windsor side span 817 ft Marshall Company of Pittsburgh, PA. At the time of its Length of Detroit approach viaduct 1431 ft completion and opening to traffic on November 11, Length of Windsor approach viaduct 1419 ft 1929, the Ambassador Bridge was the longest Total length abutment to abutment 6490 ft suspension bridge in the world. It carries four traffic Width of roadway 47 ft lanes and one sidewalk. Clear height at mid span 152 ft DETROIT-WINDSOR F INTERNATIONAL E DOM I ESTI' Al : •WJlUJg. AMBASSADOR BRIDGE Linking Detroit, U.S.A. Windsor, Canada MOTOR CITY STAMP AND COVER CLUB L DETROIT INTERNATIONAL BRIDGE COMPANY v .ife, -V R O. BOX 32666 (Datloit, CAttcktaan 48232 AMBASSADOR BRIDGE ST. LAWRENCE SEAWAY WAYiiE8mnipSoa__TY THE O.W. WESCOTT II SERVICING MAIL TO <$'¥ £ THE GREAT LAKES FLEET AT DETROIT MICHIGAN, PART Or THE ST. LAWRENCE SEAWAY. 60^ Anniversary of Ambassador Bridge - Cachet shows picture of Golden Gate Bridge CINCINNATI - COVINGTON BRIDGE This bridge, built by John A. Roebling, spans the Ohio River between Cincinnati, Ohio, and Covington, Kentucky. It was opened on December 1, 1866, and with a main span of 1,057 feet it was the biggest bridge in the world. It served as model for the Brooklyn Bridge. Suspension Bridge, Covington, Ky 1834 COMMEMORATING THE ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE INCORPORATION OF THE CITY OF COVINGTON, KENTUCKY ANIEL S B2r^HElM JR 2629 NORTH 291H ST PrflUDE-.PHIJL Pfl Royal Gorge Bridge Canon City, Colorado The Royal Gorge Bridge is considered the world's highest suspension bridge at 1,053 ft above the Arkansas River. The unstiffened bridge was designed and built by George F.Cole in 1929 with a main span of 880 ft, side spans of 130 and 190 ft, and a total length of 1,200 ft. The photograph shows the bridge after extensive rehabilitation in 1985, with the added wind cable stiffening system. 1,200' —I NORTH ARKANSAS RIVER ROYAL GORGE SUSPENSION BRIDGE MACKINAC BRIDGE P& signed by D.3-J)/einmctn Com pie feci If5<3 Bui/r by American Bridge. Piv. U.S.5. and Merritf-Chapman $ Jcott Corp. Main span 3,600ft - j/de jpans 1,600ft - Total length 17,9/3 fl Mackinac Straits Bridge ^7'U«.j._^_ 24<o" ^t 24'0" *j«l.j*7'C" Center Span 2'0" -•+< 24'0" — »+ THE MACKINAC BRIDGE »—Filled grating -rfx£°_,0pen The center span of a five-mile bridge being constructed across the Straits of Mackinac, connecting Michigan's two great peninsulas at Mackinaw City on the lower, and St. Ignace on the upper. Designed by Dr. D. B. Steinman, this bridge has been engineered to withstand many times the recorded stresses of ice pressure, wind velocity, gravity and so forth. Overall length of bridge is 5 miles, has four lanes for traffic. Center span 3800 feet long between two 565-foot towers, water clearance of 150 feet. Construction started in May 1954, scheduled for opening late in 1957. CROSS SECTION, SUSPENDED SPAN Mackinac Straits Bridge THE BRIDGE AT MACKINAC By D. B. Steinman / In the land of Hiawatha, / Where the white man gazed with awe At a paradise divided By the Straits of Mackinac — Men are dredging, drilling, blasting/ Battling tides around the clock, / Through the depths of icy water, / Driving caissons down to rock/ Fleets of freighters bring their jtqrgoes / From the forges and the kilns; / THE MACKINAC BRIDGE State of Michigan Stone and steel — ten thousand barge loads Spanning the Straits of Mackinac, with southern terminals From the quarries, m'mesKxnd mills/ at Mackinaw City and northern terminal at St. Ignace. Designed by Dr. D. B. Steinman, an internationally eminent Now the towers, mounting skyware, bridge engineer, this bridge is the world's largest and one of the most beautiful. Located in one of the country's most Reach the heights of airy space/ beautiful areas. This poem by Dr. Steinman is a fitting tribute to the courage and faith of those who made possible Hear the rivet-hammer/ringing/ The Bridge at Mackinac... Joining steel in stre/gth and/grace. "In the land of Hiawatha, Where the white man gazed with awe At a paradise divided High above the swir/tng currents. By the Straits of Mackinac" Parabolic strands are stpdng; From the cables, packed with power. Wonder-spans of steel are hung. Generations dreamed/ihe crossing \ Doubters fhook tKeir hepofcrin scorn. Brave men vowed thai ihey would build it From their faith a bridge was bgp- iTher* It spans the !__• Mackinac Straits Bridge MACKINAC BRIDGE OPENED TO TRAFFIC IN NOVEMBER. 19.7 AND FORM­ ALLY DEDICATED IN JUNE, 1953, THE- SUSPENSION BRIDGE ACROSS THE STRAITS OF MACKINAC CON­ NECTS THE TOWN Of ST IGNACE, OH MICHIGAN'S UPPER PENINSULA.WITH MACKINAW CITY ON THE LOWE-R PENINSULA, FORMERLY LINKED ONLY BY A TEDIOUS FERRY. RUNNING TIME OF THE FERRY WAS 53MIN- UTES BUT WAITING TIME AND WEATHER DELAYS OFTEN ADDED SEVERAL HOURS TO CROSSING TIME. AUTOS NOW TRAVERSE THE 5-MILE BRIDGE IN 10 MINUTES Mackinac Straits Bridge UNITEDSTATES POSTAGE FIG. 1. Strands in uncompacted cable (immediately below) and strand shoes in anchorage (bottom) are arranged as shown. Strand 38 (backstay span only) MACKINAC OLIVPI H. MACKAY STRAITS BRIDGE P. 0. Boy 1405 Oakland 4, Calif, 1 12 I 3l4 STRANDS IN UNCOMPACTED CABLE 00000 0 0 0 00 000 BBS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MACKINAC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 STRAND SHOES ZTef f f Qr**» vt/l*~ BRIDGE The Mackinac Bridge TWENTIETH *#£&&* m ANNIVFRSARIFS ."-*J5r*S /o JUN 25 £. fe 3-AM § r i p c 7 n .*. N' ! ___-> MACKINAC 3 U NITE D STATES POSTAGE mm FIRST DP um^yuyioq THE OPENING OF THE MACKINAC STRAITS BRIDGE FIRST DAY COVER Mr. George L. ..rsrm III 2 Louigbura: Square Boston b, Mass. Mackinac Bridge loruyiAsnq THE OPENING OF THE MACKINAC STRAITS BRIDGE FIRST DAY COVER «__>&-.lV i-_?L**_ <yC\J%l&€te THE i^°^\ |B8 MACKINAC /O J UN 25 £. 5 S-AM SI BRIDGE 12- 195 8 />./ FIRST DAY Hugh Hoffman 13 Hillview Drive Scarsdale, N. Y. CACHE T C/iAfr STATE ,_/r'"TS&. MICHIGAN MACKINAC fik.k BRIDGE OPEN NOV , ,957 A^KFp&S?™"aaT.s^ Total length including approaches (5 mMHJHJI^gK^v 26,444 Ft. Length of suspension span (with anchorages. ""'. 8,614 Ft. Length of main span 3,800 Ft. Height of main tower above water 552 Ft. Piers below water 206 Ft. Minimum clearance 148 Ft. Cables 24V." diameter, 12,580 wires in each cable. Total length of cable wire 42,000 Miles Total cost $100,000,000. <fi<S5H5*> G. MENNEN WILLIAMS GOVERNOR Or MICHIGAN LAN SI NO Michigan's Mackinac Bridge FIRST MY OF ISSUE %.
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  • Geology of Michigan and the Great Lakes

    Geology of Michigan and the Great Lakes

    35133_Geo_Michigan_Cover.qxd 11/13/07 10:26 AM Page 1 “The Geology of Michigan and the Great Lakes” is written to augment any introductory earth science, environmental geology, geologic, or geographic course offering, and is designed to introduce students in Michigan and the Great Lakes to important regional geologic concepts and events. Although Michigan’s geologic past spans the Precambrian through the Holocene, much of the rock record, Pennsylvanian through Pliocene, is miss- ing. Glacial events during the Pleistocene removed these rocks. However, these same glacial events left behind a rich legacy of surficial deposits, various landscape features, lakes, and rivers. Michigan is one of the most scenic states in the nation, providing numerous recre- ational opportunities to inhabitants and visitors alike. Geology of the region has also played an important, and often controlling, role in the pattern of settlement and ongoing economic development of the state. Vital resources such as iron ore, copper, gypsum, salt, oil, and gas have greatly contributed to Michigan’s growth and industrial might. Ample supplies of high-quality water support a vibrant population and strong industrial base throughout the Great Lakes region. These water supplies are now becoming increasingly important in light of modern economic growth and population demands. This text introduces the student to the geology of Michigan and the Great Lakes region. It begins with the Precambrian basement terrains as they relate to plate tectonic events. It describes Paleozoic clastic and carbonate rocks, restricted basin salts, and Niagaran pinnacle reefs. Quaternary glacial events and the development of today’s modern landscapes are also discussed.