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Thematic Forest Dictionary
Elżbieta Kloc THEMATIC FOREST DICTIONARY TEMATYCZNY SŁOWNIK LEÂNY Wydano na zlecenie Dyrekcji Generalnej Lasów Państwowych Warszawa 2015 © Centrum Informacyjne Lasów Państwowych ul. Grójecka 127 02-124 Warszawa tel. 22 18 55 353 e-mail: [email protected] www.lasy.gov.pl © Elżbieta Kloc Konsultacja merytoryczna: dr inż. Krzysztof Michalec Konsultacja i współautorstwo haseł z zakresu hodowli lasu: dr inż. Maciej Pach Recenzja: dr Ewa Bandura Ilustracje: Bartłomiej Gaczorek Zdjęcia na okładce Paweł Fabijański Korekta Anna Wikło ISBN 978-83-63895-48-8 Projek graficzny i przygotowanie do druku PLUPART Druk i oprawa Ośrodek Rozwojowo-Wdrożeniowy Lasów Państwowych w Bedoniu TABLE OF CONTENTS – SPIS TREÂCI ENGLISH-POLISH THEMATIC FOREST DICTIONARY ANGIELSKO-POLSKI TEMATYCZNY SŁOWNIK LEÂNY OD AUTORKI ................................................... 9 WYKAZ OBJAŚNIEŃ I SKRÓTÓW ................................... 10 PLANTS – ROŚLINY ............................................ 13 1. Taxa – jednostki taksonomiczne .................................. 14 2. Plant classification – klasyfikacja roślin ............................. 14 3. List of forest plant species – lista gatunków roślin leśnych .............. 17 4. List of tree and shrub species – lista gatunków drzew i krzewów ......... 19 5. Plant morphology – morfologia roślin .............................. 22 6. Plant cells, tissues and their compounds – komórki i tkanki roślinne oraz ich części składowe .................. 30 7. Plant habitat preferences – preferencje środowiskowe roślin -
Rhyming Dictionary
Merriam-Webster's Rhyming Dictionary Merriam-Webster, Incorporated Springfield, Massachusetts A GENUINE MERRIAM-WEBSTER The name Webster alone is no guarantee of excellence. It is used by a number of publishers and may serve mainly to mislead an unwary buyer. Merriam-Webster™ is the name you should look for when you consider the purchase of dictionaries or other fine reference books. It carries the reputation of a company that has been publishing since 1831 and is your assurance of quality and authority. Copyright © 2002 by Merriam-Webster, Incorporated Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Merriam-Webster's rhyming dictionary, p. cm. ISBN 0-87779-632-7 1. English language-Rhyme-Dictionaries. I. Title: Rhyming dictionary. II. Merriam-Webster, Inc. PE1519 .M47 2002 423'.l-dc21 2001052192 All rights reserved. No part of this book covered by the copyrights hereon may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems—without written permission of the publisher. Printed and bound in the United States of America 234RRD/H05040302 Explanatory Notes MERRIAM-WEBSTER's RHYMING DICTIONARY is a listing of words grouped according to the way they rhyme. The words are drawn from Merriam- Webster's Collegiate Dictionary. Though many uncommon words can be found here, many highly technical or obscure words have been omitted, as have words whose only meanings are vulgar or offensive. Rhyming sound Words in this book are gathered into entries on the basis of their rhyming sound. The rhyming sound is the last part of the word, from the vowel sound in the last stressed syllable to the end of the word. -
Aeshna Viridis Is an Early Bird – Matutinal Matings in a Crepuscular Species (Odonata: Aeshnidae)*
Matutinal matings in Aeshna viridis 1st June 201637 Aeshna viridis is an early bird – matutinal matings in a crepuscular species (Odonata: Aeshnidae)* Angelika Borkenstein1, Asmus Schröter2 & Reinhard Jödicke3 1 Lebensborner Weg 5, 26419 Schortens, Germany; <[email protected]> 2 Rasenweg 10, 37130 Gleichen, Germany; <[email protected]> 3 Am Liebfrauenbusch 3, 26655 Westerstede, Germany; <[email protected]> Received 26th November 2015; revised and accepted 7th February 2016 Abstract. The hitherto unknown mating activities of Aeshna viridis at dawn are described and photographically documented. At first morning light both sexes arrived at the breed- ing pond flying over dense stands ofStratiotes aloides. Their flight style was of two types: the well-known feeding flight and a slow, low, linear and non-aggressive cruising flight. Cruising individuals sometimes formed mating wheels and the couples left the pond. Shortly before sunrise numerous males started to search for receptive females in the tall herbaceous vegeta- tion near the pond. This non-aggressive flight mode was slow and at knee-height, character- ised by intrusion into dense thickets; we term it searching flight. It ceased within a period of 45–70 min after sunrise. We assume that the terrestrial vegetation represents the main rendezvous site and that searching flight leads to the majority of matings. One male was re- corded grasping a resting female. Wheel formation was completed while perching without further flight, resulting in a distinctive twisted wheel position. Further observations con- firmed that such twisted wheels found in the morning are typical. There are also records of occasional matings during the period from noon until late afternoon. -
Desert Kites: Were They Used for Hunting Or for Herding? a Review of the Recent Academic Literature
Journal of Zoological Research Volume 2, Issue 4, 2018, PP 7-28 ISSN 2637-5575 Desert Kites: Were They Used For Hunting Or For Herding? A Review of the Recent Academic Literature Serge Svizzero1, Clem Tisdell2 1Faculté de Droit et d’Economie, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin. Saint Denis, France. 2School of Economics, University of Queensland, Australia *Corresponding Author: Serge Svizzero, Faculté de Droit et d’Economie, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin. Saint Denis, France, [email protected] ABSTRACT Since the discovery of desert kites during the 1920s in southwestern Asia (where they are widely distributed) their possible functions have received much attention from archaeologists. Two main functions have been hypothesized, namely, kites primarily used either as game traps or as structures used for livestock husbandry. Two papers published in the 1990s expressed opposing views about the relevance of these different uses. During the last two decades much information has been gathered on kites as a result of archaeological excavations and satellite imaging. However the function or functions of desert kites remains uncertain. Starting from the 1990s debate, we revisit this controversial issue by reviewing the academic literature published since then. On the basis of this literature and other considerations, we conclude that although some (or all) may have been used for hunting, their main use was for the mustering of livestock. This favors the hypothesis of Echallier and Braemer (1995). In addition, it seems likely that kites were used for a third function, namely the capture of some wild or feral species of animals, particularly goats. -
Economics, Ecology and the Environment
ISSN 1327-8231 ECONOMICS, ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT Working Paper No. 204 Were Desert Kites Used Exclusively as Driven Hunting Structures ? Unresolved Issues and Alternative Interpretations of the Evidence – Socio-economic and Biological Considerations (A Draft) by Serge Svizzero and Clem Tisdell February 2017 THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND ISSN 1327-8231 WORKING PAPERS ON ECONOMICS, ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT Working Paper No. 204 Were Desert Kites Used Exclusively as Drive Hunting Structures? Unresolved Issues and Alternative Interpretations of the Evidence – Socio-economic and Biological Considerations (A Draft) by Serge Svizzero1 and Clem Tisdell2 February 2017 © All rights reserved 1 Faculté de Droit et d’Economie, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin. CS 9003, 97744 Saint Denis, France Email: [email protected] 2 School of Economics, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia Email: [email protected] The Economics, Environment and Ecology set of working papers addresses issues involving environmental and ecological economics. It was preceded by a similar set of papers on Biodiversity Conservation and for a time, there was also a parallel series on Animal Health Economics, both of which were related to projects funded by ACIAR, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. Working papers in Economics, Environment and Ecology are produced in the School of Economics at The University of Queensland and since 2011, have become associated with the Risk and Sustainable Management Group in this school. Production of the Economics Ecology and Environment series and two additional sets were initiated by Professor Clem Tisdell. The other two sets are Economic Theory, Applications and Issues and Social Economics, Policy and Development. -
LED-Belysningens Effekter På Djur Och Natur Med Rekommendationer: Fokus På Nordiska Förhållanden Och Känsliga Arter Och Grupper
LED-belysningens effekter på djur och natur med rekommendationer: Fokus på nordiska förhållanden och känsliga arter och grupper LED -belysningens effekter på djur och natur med rekommendationer OM RAPPORTEN: Titel: LED-belysningens effekter på djur och natur med rekommendationer: Fokus på nordiska förhållanden och känsliga arter och grupper. Version/datum: 2018-10-01 Rapporten bör citeras såhär: Jägerbrand, A.K. (2018). LED-belysningens effekter på djur och natur med rekommendationer: Fokus på nordiska förhållanden och känsliga arter och grupper. Calluna AB. English title : Effects of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on animals and the natural environment, and recommendations: with focus on the Nordic countries and sensitive species and areas. Omslag: bilden föreställer vägbelysning med träd i höstskrud, belysning i träd med siluetter av uggla och fladdermöss, samt exempel på och utan armaturavskärmning. Bilder: Bilder i rapporten är författarens egna eller utgivna/publicerade under licens att de är godkända för redigering och/eller publicering. OM PROJEKTET: Utfört av: Calluna AB (organisationsnummer: 556575–0675) Adress huvudkontor: Linköpings slott, 582 28 Linköping Hemsida: www.calluna.se Telefon (växel): +46 13-12 25 75 På uppdrag av: Trafikverket (Adress: Trafikverket, 781 89 Borlänge) Beställarens kontaktperson: Petter Hafdell Projektledare: Annika K. Jägerbrand (Calluna AB) Rapportgranskning: Andreas Brutemark (Calluna AB) Intern projektkod: AJD0008 ii LED -belysningens effekter på djur och natur med rekommendationer Innehåll 1 Sammanfattning -
Matutinal Mating in Aeshna Grandis and A. Viridis 1St December 2017207
Matutinal mating in Aeshna grandis and A. viridis 1st December 2017207 Matutinal mating in Aeshna grandis and A. viridis – a behavioural pair of twins prefers early-morning sex (Odonata: Aeshnidae) Angelika Borkenstein1, Asmus Schröter2 & Reinhard Jödicke3 1 Lebensborner Weg 5, 26419 Schortens, Germany; <[email protected]> 2 Rasenweg 10, 37130 Gleichen, Germany; <[email protected]>; ORCID ID: 0000-0002-3655-2304 3 Am Liebfrauenbusch 3, 26655 Westerstede, Germany; <[email protected]> Received 10th July 2017; revised and accepted 17th September 2017 Abstract. We investigated the hitherto unknown matutinal mating behaviour of Aeshna grandis and found that matings basically occurred at dawn. With the first morning light males began performing a searching flight for females that roosted deep in terrestrial veg- etation characterized by reed, rush and grass. Matutinal mating in the distinctive twisted- wheel position is documented. Twisted wheels are unique as they are not formed in flight but while perching on vegetation and they show no readiness to escape. The twisted position, with the male hanging upside down and his appendages being obliquely slipped across the female’s head, is the result of the formation of mating wheels with the female perched. Later in the morning we observed feeding flight at suitable sites and resting in low vegetation of a wet meadow. During this resting phase some males inspected the vegetation on the wing, described here as ‘mid-morning searching flight’. In this situation and also when foraging individuals aggregated, we found untwisted, upright hanging couples, which we interpret as wheels formed in flight – an indication of alternative mating tactics. -
Inflammatory Regulation of Hypothalamic Neurons In
INFLAMMATORY REGULATION OF HYPOTHALAMIC NEURONS < I IN SICKNESS BEHAVIOR by Aaron J. Grossberg A DISSERTATION > Presented to the Neuroscience Graduate Program and the Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy April 201 1 School of Medicine Oregon Health & Science University CERTIFICATE OF APPROVa This is to certify that the Ph.D. dissertation of AARON GROSSBERG has been amroved on Anril 29- 20 1 1 Member fnd w,Gary Westbrook, MD - ~ember, usa ah Smith, PhD -- . LI- - Member, ha*, ~m~ - " / Member, &tl%&#arnes, TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL TABLE OF CONTENTS LlST OF FIGURES LlST OF ABBREVIATIONS X ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xv ABSTRACT xvii Chapter I.Introduction 1. Sickness Behavior Is An Adaptive Response to Disease 1.I. Fever 1.2. Anorexia in Acute Illness 1.3. Cachexia of Chronic Disease 1.4. Therapeutic Approaches to Cachexia 1.5. Defining Cachexia , 2. lnflammation Coordinates the Behavioral Response to Illness 2.1. Sickness Behavior is Associated with lnflammation 2.2. Peripheral lnflammation and Muscle Wasting 2.3. Central lnflammation 3. Hypothalamic Involvement in Cachexia 3.1. The Hypothalamus and Brainstem Respond to lnflammation P '/ I i /& i I f I I I 3.2. The Role of Central Melanocortins in Cachexia 11 1 ~ 1 ~l 3.3. Neuropeptide Y in Cachexia 14 4. Neurohumoral Link 4.1. The Hypothalamus Responds to Circulating Signals of Energy Status 4.2. Transmission of Signals Across the Blood brain Barrier 4.3. The Vagus Communicates Inflammation Into the CNS 5. Interaction of Cytokines with the Central Melanocortin System 5.1. -
LED-Belysningens Effekter På Djur Och Natur Med Rekommendationer: Fokus På Nordiska Förhållanden Och Känsliga Arter Och Grupper
LED-belysningens effekter på djur och natur med rekommendationer: Fokus på nordiska förhållanden och känsliga arter och grupper LED -belysningens effekter på djur och natur med rekommendationer OM RAPPORTEN: Titel: LED-belysningens effekter på djur och natur med rekommendationer: Fokus på nordiska förhållanden och känsliga arter och grupper. Version/datum: 2018-10-01 Rapporten bör citeras såhär: Jägerbrand, A.K. (2018). LED-belysningens effekter på djur och natur med rekommendationer: Fokus på nordiska förhållanden och känsliga arter och grupper. Calluna AB. English title : Effects of light emitting diodes (LEDs) on animals and the natural environment, and recommendations: with focus on the Nordic countries and sensitive species and areas. Omslag: bilden föreställer vägbelysning med träd i höstskrud, belysning i träd med siluetter av uggla och fladdermöss, samt exempel på och utan armaturavskärmning. Bilder: Bilder i rapporten är författarens egna eller utgivna/publicerade under licens att de är godkända för redigering och/eller publicering. OM PROJEKTET: Utfört av: Calluna AB (organisationsnummer: 556575–0675) Adress huvudkontor: Linköpings slott, 582 28 Linköping Hemsida: www.calluna.se Telefon (växel): +46 13-12 25 75 På uppdrag av: Trafikverket (Adress: Trafikverket, 781 89 Borlänge) Beställarens kontaktperson: Petter Hafdell Projektledare: Annika K. Jägerbrand (Calluna AB) Rapportgranskning: Andreas Brutemark (Calluna AB) Intern projektkod: AJD0008 ii LED -belysningens effekter på djur och natur med rekommendationer Innehåll 1 Sammanfattning -
19700011380.Pdf
This bibliography was prepared by the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Facility operated for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration by Informatics Tisco, Inc. NASA SP-7011 (71) AEROSPACE MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY A CONTINUING BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH INDEXES A selection of annotated references to unclas- sified reports and journal articles that were introduced into the NASA Information System during December, 1969. Scientific and Technical Information Division NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, D.G. JAN U A RY 1970 This document is available from the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information (CFSTI), Springfield, Virginia, 22 1 5 1, for $3.00. INTRODUCTION Aerospace Medicine and Biology is a continuing bibliography which, by means of peri- odic supplements, serves as a current abstracting and announcement medium for references on this subject. The publication is compiled through the cooperative efforts of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) and NASA Scientific and Technical Infor- mation Facility. It assembles, within the covers of a single bibliographic announcement, groups of references that were formerly announced in separate journals, and provides a con- venient compilation for medical and biological scientists. Additional background details for this publication can be found in the first issue, NASA SP-7011, which was published in July, 1964. Supplements are identified by the same number followed by two additional digits in parentheses. In its subject coverage, Aerospace Medicine and Biology concentrates on the biological, physiological, psychological, and environmental effects to which man is subjected during and following simulated or actual flight in the earth’s atmosphere or in interplanetary space. -
Issues and Challenges in the Conservation of the Goitered Gazelle (Gazella Subgutturosa; Güldenstädt, 1780)
Journal of Zoological Research Volume 3, Issue 3, 2019, PP 1-9 ISSN 2637-5575 Issues and Challenges in the Conservation of the Goitered Gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa; Güldenstädt, 1780) Serge SVIZZERO* University of La Réunion, France *Corresponding Author: Serge SVIZZERO, University of La Réunion, France, Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Despite it is listed as a vulnerable species since 2006, the population of the goitered gazelle is continuously declining. Illegal hunting and habitat destruction are considered as the main causes of this decline, even though this species is very adaptable to various ecosystems - especially arid environments - and was highly resilient to intense hunting pressures until the late nineteen century. Important efforts for conservation have been realized by the implementation of protected areas and have even led to re- introduction. However, the design of these protected areas could be improved. Several studies about habitat selection and home range size of re-introduced goitered gazelles have shown that protected areas should be re-arranged or shifted to areas more intensively used by gazelles. Moreover, habitat fragmentation , which can be involuntary reinforced by the design of protected areas, is a real threat for this migratory species. Indeed, isolation, whatever its origin, leads inevitably to lower genetic diversity. Keywords: Goitered Gazelle, Migratory Species, Habitat Fragmentation, Genetic Diversity, Isolation, Protected Areas, Conservation INTRODUCTION species, the causes of this decline are multiple (Rosen Michel and Röttger, 2014). For the The goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa; goitered gazelle, the two main causes of its Güldenstädt, 1780) is listed as Vulnerable (VU) 2 decline are habitat loss and intentional under criterion A2 since 2006 by the IUCN mortality (Clark et al., 2006). -
2Nd Congress of the European Federation for Primatology
Abstracts Folia Primatol 2008;79:305–401 Published online: June 13, 2008 DOI: 10.1159/000137690 2nd Congress of the European Federation for Primatology Prague, September 3–7, 2007 Editors: Vaclav Vancata and Marina Vancatova, Prague, Czech Republic Do Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus apella) Deal with Tokens as They Do with Real Food? Elsa Addessia , Alessandra Mancini a, b , Lara Crescimbenea , b , Elisabetta Visalberghi a a Unit of Cognitive Primatology and Primate Centre, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, CNR, Rome, b Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy E-Mail: [email protected] Key Words: Transitivity ؒ Cebus apella ؒ T o k e n s Recent studies on the use of tokens (i.e., inherently non-valuable objects that acquire an associated value upon exchange for food with an experimenter) in non-human primates did not investigate whether individuals use tokens as symbols. Therefore, we evaluated this topic in capuchin monkeys. We trained 10 capuchins to associate two types of tokens (A and B) with different amounts of food. Then, we assessed performance in relative numerousness judgment tasks with food (Experiment 1) and with tokens A (Experiment 2). In both experiments, all ca- puchins chose the highest quantity regardless of the type of item presented. Then, in Experi- ment 3 one token B was presented against 1–5 tokens A. Four capuchins used a flexible strategy, maximizing their payoff. Experiment 4 required the capuchins to choose between 1 and 2 to- kens B, and 3 and 6 tokens A. Only one subject always maximized his payoff in this task.