DOCSLIB.ORG

Universidade Federal Do Rio De Janeiro Instituto De Psiquiatria Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Psiquiatria E Saúde Mental

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Universidade Federal Do Rio De Janeiro Instituto De Psiquiatria Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Psiquiatria E Saúde Mental Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Psiquiatria Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental ANÁLISE DAS TENTATIVAS DE SUICÍDIO, QUALIDADE DE VIDA E DE POLIMORFISMOS NOS GENES 5-HTT, IL 10 E TNF ALFA EM PACIENTES DO SERVIÇO PÚBLICO DE SAÚDE DE ARAPIRACA - ALAGOAS Verônica de Medeiros Alves 2016 i UFRJ ANÁLISE DAS TENTATIVAS DE SUICÍDIO, QUALIDADE DE VIDA E DE POLIMORFISMOS NOS GENES 5-HTT, IL 10 E TNF ALFA EM PACIENTES DO SERVIÇO PÚBLICO DE SAÚDE DE ARAPIRACA - ALAGOAS Verônica de Medeiros Alves Tese de doutorado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Doutora em Saúde Mental. Orientador: Antonio Egidio Nardi Rio de Janeiro Fevereiro de 2016 ii ANÁLISE DAS TENTATIVAS DE SUICÍDIO, QUALIDADE DE VIDA E DE POLIMORFISMOS NOS GENES 5-HTT, IL 10 E TNF ALFA EM PACIENTES DO SERVIÇO PÚBLICO DE SAÚDE DE ARAPIRACA - ALAGOAS Verônica de Medeiros Alves Antonio Egidio Nardi Tese de Doutorado submetida ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Doutora em Saúde Mental. Aprovada por: Presidente, Prof. Antonio Egidio Nardi Prof José Carlos Borges Appolinário Prof Valfrido Leão de Melo Neto Profa Fabiana Leão Lopes Prof Marco André Mezzasalma Rio de Janeiro Fevereiro de 2016 iii Ficha catalográfica iv “Por vezes sentimos que aquilo que fazemos não é senão uma gota de água no mar. Mas o mar seria menor se lhe faltasse uma gota”. (Madre Teresa de Calcutá) v Agradecimentos Agradeço a Deus, em primeiro plano, pois seu amor por mim me amparou em diversos momentos de dificuldades. Ele que me acompanhou e me iluminou em todos os momentos de conquistas e fraquezas. Muito tenho a agrader ao meu bom Deus. Agradeço à minha mãe Maria José, ao meu pai José Francisco, ao meu irmão Werick e a todos os meus parentes e amigos queridos que tanto me deram força para realizar mais esse objetivo. Agradeço a todos da equipe do Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Expressão Gênica e aos amigos que nele ganhei. Agradeço em especial ao Dr. Tiago Gomes de Andrade pelo apoio na realização das análises genéticas neste laboratório. Agradeço ao meu orientador Dr. Antonio Egidio Nardi pelos seus ensinamentos tão valiosos, pelo apoio e encorajamento e pelas orientações tão bem oferecidas. Foi uma honra tê-lo como orientador! Agradeço à banca examinadora: Dra. Fabiana Lopes, Dr. José Appolinário, Dr. Valfrido Leão e Dr. Rafael Freire pelas orientações, sugestões e disponibilidade. vi RESUMO ANÁLISE DAS TENTATIVAS DE SUICÍDIO, QUALIDADE DE VIDA E DE POLIMORFISMOS NOS GENES 5-HTT, IL 10 E TNF ALFA EM PACIENTES DO SERVIÇO PÚBLICO DE SAÚDE DE ARAPIRACA – ALAGOAS Verônica de Medeiros Alves Antonio Egidio Nardi Resumo da Tese de Doutorado submetida ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Doutora em Saúde Mental. Introdução: Os transtornos mentais e as tentativas de suicídio exercem impacto significativo sobre a vida do paciente e de sua família. Encargos econômicos e psicossociais, familiares e individuais, rupturas e desorganização das rotinas cotidianas e de trabalho, perdas de produtividade, gastos específicos ligados ao tratamento, estigma e oportunidades perdidas são exemplos de fatores que interferem na Qualidade de Vida (QV) de pacientes com transtornos mentais. Os transtornos mentais e o suicídio sofrem interferência de fatores ambientais e genéticos. Diversos estudos mostram sua associação com polimorfismos genéticos, mas estes ainda são inconclusivos. Objetivo: Analisar as tentativas de suicídio, qualidade de vida e polimorfismos nos genes 5-HTT, IL 10 e TNF alfa em pacientes do serviço público de saúde de Arapiraca/Alagoas. Metodologia: Esta tese engloba dados epidemiológicos e genéticos e será dividida em dois capítulos. 1) Os dados epidemiológicos estão em 06 artigos, sendo 5 originais e um de revisão sistemática. 2) Os dados genéticos estão em 03 artigos, sendo uma revisão sistemática, uma metanálise e um artigo original. Resultado: Os artigos com perfil epidemiológico identificaram que o hospital em estudo apresentou um grande número de atendimento por tentativa de suicídio, sendo mais frequente em mulheres. O adulto jovem tentou suicídio com mais frequência, mas os idosos apresentaram resultado significante em relação ao número de tentativas. O meio mais utilizado foi o envenenamento por medicamento ou por veneno, produto químico e raticida. vii Avaliando os enfermeiros que trabalham no hospital em estudo e os policiais do batalhão militar da cidade de Arapiraca/Alagoas percebemos que alguns apresentaram nível de ansiedade elevado; risco para depressão e ideação suicida ao longo da vida; e cronotipo indiferente. Identificamos que a maioria das pessoas entrevistadas com transtorno mental e tentativa de suicídio atendidas pelo serviço de saúde da cidade de Arapiraca eram solteiras, com baixa escolaridade, ganhavam menos de um salário mínimo, não trabalhavam, tinham risco para tentativa de suicídio à época do exame e baixa QV. Os transtornos mentais mais significantes entre os que tentaram suicídio foram: transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo, transtorno do estresse pós-traumático, transtorno depressivo, episódio maníaco, transtorno do pânico, fobia social, transtorno de ansiedade generalizada e dependência/abuso de álcool. Os artigos com características genéticas identificaram a participação de diversos genes relacionados ao transtorno bipolar. O gene transportador de serotonina (5-HTT) apresenta um polimorfismo (5-HTTLPR) como preditor de transtorno mental e suicídio. O alelo C do polimorfismo rs1800871 (IL10) está associado a presença de transtorno mental sem tentativa de suicídio em mulheres. O genótipo A/T do polimorfismo rs2020933 (5-HTT) foi identificado como fator de proteção para o número de tentativas de suicídio (2-3 vezes). A ausência do alelo T do polimorfismo rs2020933 apresentou correlação com histórico familiar de transtorno mental. TNF-α (rs1800629) não apresentou associação com transtorno mental e tentativa de suicídio. Discussão: Não existem registros de dados psiquiátricos nos prontuários dos pacientes atendidos nesse hospital, o que dificulta fazer relações entre tentativa de suicídio e presença de transtorno mental ou acompanhamento psiquiátrico e psicoterápico. Existem poucas publicações sobre suicídio em idosos e as que existem não trazem dados completos sobre as condições de saúde do mesmo. Os enfermeiros e policiais que não apresentaram cronotipo indiferente tem mais dificuldade de concentração e menos disposição em trabalhar em turnos que não coincidem com seu cronotipo, o que pode trazer complicações futuras a sua saúde. A baixa QV dos pacientes com transtorno mental e tentativa de suicídio pode ser reflexo da baixa escolaridade e renda mensal, desemprego e precárias condições de saúde. A análise dos polimorfismos estudados permitiu identificar a participação do gene IL10 no transtorno mental sem tentativa de suicídio em mulheres e do gene 5-HTT no histórico familiar de transtorno mental e no número de tentativas de suicídio. Conclusão: A identificação viii do perfil das tentativas de suicídio contribui para o planejamento de cuidados de prevenção e reabilitação mais objetivos. O controle e dispensação de medicamentos, agrotóxicos e raticidas devem ser mais rigorosos, evitando seu fácil acesso. Quanto a participação de polimorfismos nos genes 5-HTT, IL10 e TNF-α, outros estudos precisam ser realizados em populações variadas para identificar a participação desses polimorfismos nos transtornos mentais e nas tentativas de suicídio. Esse tipo de pesquisa apresenta forte potencial de contribuição para etiologia e tratamento de alguns transtornos mentais. Palavras-chave: Transtorno mental, tentativa de suicídio, qualidade de vida, estudo de associação, polimorfismo, IL10, TNF alfa, 5-HTT. ix ABSTRACT ANÁLISE DAS TENTATIVAS DE SUICÍDIO, QUALIDADE DE VIDA E DE POLIMORFISMOS NOS GENES 5-HTT, IL 10 E TNF ALFA EM PACIENTES DO SERVIÇO PÚBLICO DE SAÚDE DE ARAPIRACA – ALAGOAS Verônica de Medeiros Alves Antonio Egidio Nardi Abstract da Tese de Doutorado submetida ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Doutora em Saúde Mental. Introduction: Mental disorders and suicide attempts suffer interference from environmental and genetic factors, causing a significant impact on the life of the patients and their families. Economic and psychosocial, disruption, disorganization of every day routines and work, productivity losses, specific expenses related to treatment, stigma and missed opportunities are examples of factors that interfere in the quality of life (QoL) of patients with mental disorders. Several studies show their association with genetic polymorphisms, but these are still inconclusive. Objective: To analyze suicide attempts, quality of life and polymorphisms in the 5-HTT, IL 10 and TNF alfa genes in patients of public health service of Arapiraca/Alagoas. Methodology: This thesis includes epidemiological and genetic data and was divided into two parts. 1) Epidemiological data are in six articles, being five originals and one systematic review. 2) Genetic data are in three articles, being one systematic review,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Thematic Forest Dictionary
    Elżbieta Kloc THEMATIC FOREST DICTIONARY TEMATYCZNY SŁOWNIK LEÂNY Wydano na zlecenie Dyrekcji Generalnej Lasów Państwowych Warszawa 2015 © Centrum Informacyjne Lasów Państwowych ul. Grójecka 127 02-124 Warszawa tel. 22 18 55 353 e-mail: [email protected] www.lasy.gov.pl © Elżbieta Kloc Konsultacja merytoryczna: dr inż. Krzysztof Michalec Konsultacja i współautorstwo haseł z zakresu hodowli lasu: dr inż. Maciej Pach Recenzja: dr Ewa Bandura Ilustracje: Bartłomiej Gaczorek Zdjęcia na okładce Paweł Fabijański Korekta Anna Wikło ISBN 978-83-63895-48-8 Projek graficzny i przygotowanie do druku PLUPART Druk i oprawa Ośrodek Rozwojowo-Wdrożeniowy Lasów Państwowych w Bedoniu TABLE OF CONTENTS – SPIS TREÂCI ENGLISH-POLISH THEMATIC FOREST DICTIONARY ANGIELSKO-POLSKI TEMATYCZNY SŁOWNIK LEÂNY OD AUTORKI ................................................... 9 WYKAZ OBJAŚNIEŃ I SKRÓTÓW ................................... 10 PLANTS – ROŚLINY ............................................ 13 1. Taxa – jednostki taksonomiczne .................................. 14 2. Plant classification – klasyfikacja roślin ............................. 14 3. List of forest plant species – lista gatunków roślin leśnych .............. 17 4. List of tree and shrub species – lista gatunków drzew i krzewów ......... 19 5. Plant morphology – morfologia roślin .............................. 22 6. Plant cells, tissues and their compounds – komórki i tkanki roślinne oraz ich części składowe .................. 30 7. Plant habitat preferences – preferencje środowiskowe roślin
    [Show full text]
  • Chronobiology and Circadian Rhythms Establish a Connection To
    Diagnosis 2014; 1(4): 295–303 Opinion Paper Open Access Urs E. Nydegger*, Pedro Medina Escobar, Lorenz Risch, Martin Risch and Zeno Stanga Chronobiology and circadian rhythms establish a connection to diagnosis Abstract: Circadian rhythms are synchronized by the there is no consistent association of planetary and/or light/dark (L/D) cycle over the 24-h day. A suprachiasmatic moon cycles unequivocally linked to human physiology nucleus in the hypothalamus governs time keeping based and behavior. Nonetheless, cyclic illumination originat- on melanopsin messages from the retina in the eyes and ing from circadian day/night (light/dark; L/D) cycles are transduces regulatory signals to tissues through an array increasingly recognized to affect the course of our daily of hormonal, metabolic and neural outputs. Currently, health. The clock-work timing mechanisms coordinate vague impressions on circadian regulation in health and biochemical, physiological and behavioral conduct to disease are replaced by scientific facts: in addition to maintain synchrony with the environmental cycles of L/D, L/D cyling, oscillation is maintained by genetic (Clock, temperature and nutrients and are now acknowledged to Bmal1, Csnk1, CHRONO, Cry, Per) programs, autonomous involve cyclic changes in the expression of certain genes, feedback loops, including melatonin activities, aero- guiding, at least in part, normal clock expression. Such bic glycolysis intensity and lipid signalling, among oth- diseases as those associated with chronic inflammation, ers. Such a multifaceted influential system on circadian e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, neurological rhythm is bound to be fragile and genomic clock acitvi- disorders or metabolic syndrome, are increasingly studied ties can become disrupted by epigenetic modifications or as relating to circadian organization and microbiota com- such environmental factors as mistimed sleep and feeding munities [1–4].
    [Show full text]
  • Rhyming Dictionary
    Merriam-Webster's Rhyming Dictionary Merriam-Webster, Incorporated Springfield, Massachusetts A GENUINE MERRIAM-WEBSTER The name Webster alone is no guarantee of excellence. It is used by a number of publishers and may serve mainly to mislead an unwary buyer. Merriam-Webster™ is the name you should look for when you consider the purchase of dictionaries or other fine reference books. It carries the reputation of a company that has been publishing since 1831 and is your assurance of quality and authority. Copyright © 2002 by Merriam-Webster, Incorporated Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Merriam-Webster's rhyming dictionary, p. cm. ISBN 0-87779-632-7 1. English language-Rhyme-Dictionaries. I. Title: Rhyming dictionary. II. Merriam-Webster, Inc. PE1519 .M47 2002 423'.l-dc21 2001052192 All rights reserved. No part of this book covered by the copyrights hereon may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems—without written permission of the publisher. Printed and bound in the United States of America 234RRD/H05040302 Explanatory Notes MERRIAM-WEBSTER's RHYMING DICTIONARY is a listing of words grouped according to the way they rhyme. The words are drawn from Merriam- Webster's Collegiate Dictionary. Though many uncommon words can be found here, many highly technical or obscure words have been omitted, as have words whose only meanings are vulgar or offensive. Rhyming sound Words in this book are gathered into entries on the basis of their rhyming sound. The rhyming sound is the last part of the word, from the vowel sound in the last stressed syllable to the end of the word.
    [Show full text]
  • Aeshna Viridis Is an Early Bird – Matutinal Matings in a Crepuscular Species (Odonata: Aeshnidae)*
    Matutinal matings in Aeshna viridis 1st June 201637 Aeshna viridis is an early bird – matutinal matings in a crepuscular species (Odonata: Aeshnidae)* Angelika Borkenstein1, Asmus Schröter2 & Reinhard Jödicke3 1 Lebensborner Weg 5, 26419 Schortens, Germany; <[email protected]> 2 Rasenweg 10, 37130 Gleichen, Germany; <[email protected]> 3 Am Liebfrauenbusch 3, 26655 Westerstede, Germany; <[email protected]> Received 26th November 2015; revised and accepted 7th February 2016 Abstract. The hitherto unknown mating activities of Aeshna viridis at dawn are described and photographically documented. At first morning light both sexes arrived at the breed- ing pond flying over dense stands ofStratiotes aloides. Their flight style was of two types: the well-known feeding flight and a slow, low, linear and non-aggressive cruising flight. Cruising individuals sometimes formed mating wheels and the couples left the pond. Shortly before sunrise numerous males started to search for receptive females in the tall herbaceous vegeta- tion near the pond. This non-aggressive flight mode was slow and at knee-height, character- ised by intrusion into dense thickets; we term it searching flight. It ceased within a period of 45–70 min after sunrise. We assume that the terrestrial vegetation represents the main rendezvous site and that searching flight leads to the majority of matings. One male was re- corded grasping a resting female. Wheel formation was completed while perching without further flight, resulting in a distinctive twisted wheel position. Further observations con- firmed that such twisted wheels found in the morning are typical. There are also records of occasional matings during the period from noon until late afternoon.
    [Show full text]
  • Desert Kites: Were They Used for Hunting Or for Herding? a Review of the Recent Academic Literature
    Journal of Zoological Research Volume 2, Issue 4, 2018, PP 7-28 ISSN 2637-5575 Desert Kites: Were They Used For Hunting Or For Herding? A Review of the Recent Academic Literature Serge Svizzero1, Clem Tisdell2 1Faculté de Droit et d’Economie, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin. Saint Denis, France. 2School of Economics, University of Queensland, Australia *Corresponding Author: Serge Svizzero, Faculté de Droit et d’Economie, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin. Saint Denis, France, [email protected] ABSTRACT Since the discovery of desert kites during the 1920s in southwestern Asia (where they are widely distributed) their possible functions have received much attention from archaeologists. Two main functions have been hypothesized, namely, kites primarily used either as game traps or as structures used for livestock husbandry. Two papers published in the 1990s expressed opposing views about the relevance of these different uses. During the last two decades much information has been gathered on kites as a result of archaeological excavations and satellite imaging. However the function or functions of desert kites remains uncertain. Starting from the 1990s debate, we revisit this controversial issue by reviewing the academic literature published since then. On the basis of this literature and other considerations, we conclude that although some (or all) may have been used for hunting, their main use was for the mustering of livestock. This favors the hypothesis of Echallier and Braemer (1995). In addition, it seems likely that kites were used for a third function, namely the capture of some wild or feral species of animals, particularly goats.
    [Show full text]
  • Economics, Ecology and the Environment
    ISSN 1327-8231 ECONOMICS, ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT Working Paper No. 204 Were Desert Kites Used Exclusively as Driven Hunting Structures ? Unresolved Issues and Alternative Interpretations of the Evidence – Socio-economic and Biological Considerations (A Draft) by Serge Svizzero and Clem Tisdell February 2017 THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND ISSN 1327-8231 WORKING PAPERS ON ECONOMICS, ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT Working Paper No. 204 Were Desert Kites Used Exclusively as Drive Hunting Structures? Unresolved Issues and Alternative Interpretations of the Evidence – Socio-economic and Biological Considerations (A Draft) by Serge Svizzero1 and Clem Tisdell2 February 2017 © All rights reserved 1 Faculté de Droit et d’Economie, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin. CS 9003, 97744 Saint Denis, France Email: [email protected] 2 School of Economics, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia Email: [email protected] The Economics, Environment and Ecology set of working papers addresses issues involving environmental and ecological economics. It was preceded by a similar set of papers on Biodiversity Conservation and for a time, there was also a parallel series on Animal Health Economics, both of which were related to projects funded by ACIAR, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. Working papers in Economics, Environment and Ecology are produced in the School of Economics at The University of Queensland and since 2011, have become associated with the Risk and Sustainable Management Group in this school. Production of the Economics Ecology and Environment series and two additional sets were initiated by Professor Clem Tisdell. The other two sets are Economic Theory, Applications and Issues and Social Economics, Policy and Development.
    [Show full text]
  • LED-Belysningens Effekter På Djur Och Natur Med Rekommendationer: Fokus På Nordiska Förhållanden Och Känsliga Arter Och Grupper
    LED-belysningens effekter på djur och natur med rekommendationer: Fokus på nordiska förhållanden och känsliga arter och grupper LED -belysningens effekter på djur och natur med rekommendationer OM RAPPORTEN: Titel: LED-belysningens effekter på djur och natur med rekommendationer: Fokus på nordiska förhållanden och känsliga arter och grupper. Version/datum: 2018-10-01 Rapporten bör citeras såhär: Jägerbrand, A.K. (2018). LED-belysningens effekter på djur och natur med rekommendationer: Fokus på nordiska förhållanden och känsliga arter och grupper. Calluna AB. English title : Effects of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on animals and the natural environment, and recommendations: with focus on the Nordic countries and sensitive species and areas. Omslag: bilden föreställer vägbelysning med träd i höstskrud, belysning i träd med siluetter av uggla och fladdermöss, samt exempel på och utan armaturavskärmning. Bilder: Bilder i rapporten är författarens egna eller utgivna/publicerade under licens att de är godkända för redigering och/eller publicering. OM PROJEKTET: Utfört av: Calluna AB (organisationsnummer: 556575–0675) Adress huvudkontor: Linköpings slott, 582 28 Linköping Hemsida: www.calluna.se Telefon (växel): +46 13-12 25 75 På uppdrag av: Trafikverket (Adress: Trafikverket, 781 89 Borlänge) Beställarens kontaktperson: Petter Hafdell Projektledare: Annika K. Jägerbrand (Calluna AB) Rapportgranskning: Andreas Brutemark (Calluna AB) Intern projektkod: AJD0008 ii LED -belysningens effekter på djur och natur med rekommendationer Innehåll 1 Sammanfattning
    [Show full text]
  • Matutinal Mating in Aeshna Grandis and A. Viridis 1St December 2017207
    Matutinal mating in Aeshna grandis and A. viridis 1st December 2017207 Matutinal mating in Aeshna grandis and A. viridis – a behavioural pair of twins prefers early-morning sex (Odonata: Aeshnidae) Angelika Borkenstein1, Asmus Schröter2 & Reinhard Jödicke3 1 Lebensborner Weg 5, 26419 Schortens, Germany; <[email protected]> 2 Rasenweg 10, 37130 Gleichen, Germany; <[email protected]>; ORCID ID: 0000-0002-3655-2304 3 Am Liebfrauenbusch 3, 26655 Westerstede, Germany; <[email protected]> Received 10th July 2017; revised and accepted 17th September 2017 Abstract. We investigated the hitherto unknown matutinal mating behaviour of Aeshna grandis and found that matings basically occurred at dawn. With the first morning light males began performing a searching flight for females that roosted deep in terrestrial veg- etation characterized by reed, rush and grass. Matutinal mating in the distinctive twisted- wheel position is documented. Twisted wheels are unique as they are not formed in flight but while perching on vegetation and they show no readiness to escape. The twisted position, with the male hanging upside down and his appendages being obliquely slipped across the female’s head, is the result of the formation of mating wheels with the female perched. Later in the morning we observed feeding flight at suitable sites and resting in low vegetation of a wet meadow. During this resting phase some males inspected the vegetation on the wing, described here as ‘mid-morning searching flight’. In this situation and also when foraging individuals aggregated, we found untwisted, upright hanging couples, which we interpret as wheels formed in flight – an indication of alternative mating tactics.
    [Show full text]
  • Inflammatory Regulation of Hypothalamic Neurons In
    INFLAMMATORY REGULATION OF HYPOTHALAMIC NEURONS < I IN SICKNESS BEHAVIOR by Aaron J. Grossberg A DISSERTATION > Presented to the Neuroscience Graduate Program and the Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy April 201 1 School of Medicine Oregon Health & Science University CERTIFICATE OF APPROVa This is to certify that the Ph.D. dissertation of AARON GROSSBERG has been amroved on Anril 29- 20 1 1 Member fnd w,Gary Westbrook, MD - ~ember, usa ah Smith, PhD -- . LI- - Member, ha*, ~m~ - " / Member, &tl%&#arnes, TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL TABLE OF CONTENTS LlST OF FIGURES LlST OF ABBREVIATIONS X ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xv ABSTRACT xvii Chapter I.Introduction 1. Sickness Behavior Is An Adaptive Response to Disease 1.I. Fever 1.2. Anorexia in Acute Illness 1.3. Cachexia of Chronic Disease 1.4. Therapeutic Approaches to Cachexia 1.5. Defining Cachexia , 2. lnflammation Coordinates the Behavioral Response to Illness 2.1. Sickness Behavior is Associated with lnflammation 2.2. Peripheral lnflammation and Muscle Wasting 2.3. Central lnflammation 3. Hypothalamic Involvement in Cachexia 3.1. The Hypothalamus and Brainstem Respond to lnflammation P '/ I i /& i I f I I I 3.2. The Role of Central Melanocortins in Cachexia 11 1 ~ 1 ~l 3.3. Neuropeptide Y in Cachexia 14 4. Neurohumoral Link 4.1. The Hypothalamus Responds to Circulating Signals of Energy Status 4.2. Transmission of Signals Across the Blood brain Barrier 4.3. The Vagus Communicates Inflammation Into the CNS 5. Interaction of Cytokines with the Central Melanocortin System 5.1.
    [Show full text]
  • LED-Belysningens Effekter På Djur Och Natur Med Rekommendationer: Fokus På Nordiska Förhållanden Och Känsliga Arter Och Grupper
    LED-belysningens effekter på djur och natur med rekommendationer: Fokus på nordiska förhållanden och känsliga arter och grupper LED -belysningens effekter på djur och natur med rekommendationer OM RAPPORTEN: Titel: LED-belysningens effekter på djur och natur med rekommendationer: Fokus på nordiska förhållanden och känsliga arter och grupper. Version/datum: 2018-10-01 Rapporten bör citeras såhär: Jägerbrand, A.K. (2018). LED-belysningens effekter på djur och natur med rekommendationer: Fokus på nordiska förhållanden och känsliga arter och grupper. Calluna AB. English title : Effects of light emitting diodes (LEDs) on animals and the natural environment, and recommendations: with focus on the Nordic countries and sensitive species and areas. Omslag: bilden föreställer vägbelysning med träd i höstskrud, belysning i träd med siluetter av uggla och fladdermöss, samt exempel på och utan armaturavskärmning. Bilder: Bilder i rapporten är författarens egna eller utgivna/publicerade under licens att de är godkända för redigering och/eller publicering. OM PROJEKTET: Utfört av: Calluna AB (organisationsnummer: 556575–0675) Adress huvudkontor: Linköpings slott, 582 28 Linköping Hemsida: www.calluna.se Telefon (växel): +46 13-12 25 75 På uppdrag av: Trafikverket (Adress: Trafikverket, 781 89 Borlänge) Beställarens kontaktperson: Petter Hafdell Projektledare: Annika K. Jägerbrand (Calluna AB) Rapportgranskning: Andreas Brutemark (Calluna AB) Intern projektkod: AJD0008 ii LED -belysningens effekter på djur och natur med rekommendationer Innehåll 1 Sammanfattning
    [Show full text]
  • 19700011380.Pdf
    This bibliography was prepared by the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Facility operated for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration by Informatics Tisco, Inc. NASA SP-7011 (71) AEROSPACE MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY A CONTINUING BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH INDEXES A selection of annotated references to unclas- sified reports and journal articles that were introduced into the NASA Information System during December, 1969. Scientific and Technical Information Division NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, D.G. JAN U A RY 1970 This document is available from the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information (CFSTI), Springfield, Virginia, 22 1 5 1, for $3.00. INTRODUCTION Aerospace Medicine and Biology is a continuing bibliography which, by means of peri- odic supplements, serves as a current abstracting and announcement medium for references on this subject. The publication is compiled through the cooperative efforts of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) and NASA Scientific and Technical Infor- mation Facility. It assembles, within the covers of a single bibliographic announcement, groups of references that were formerly announced in separate journals, and provides a con- venient compilation for medical and biological scientists. Additional background details for this publication can be found in the first issue, NASA SP-7011, which was published in July, 1964. Supplements are identified by the same number followed by two additional digits in parentheses. In its subject coverage, Aerospace Medicine and Biology concentrates on the biological, physiological, psychological, and environmental effects to which man is subjected during and following simulated or actual flight in the earth’s atmosphere or in interplanetary space.
    [Show full text]
  • Issues and Challenges in the Conservation of the Goitered Gazelle (Gazella Subgutturosa; Güldenstädt, 1780)
    Journal of Zoological Research Volume 3, Issue 3, 2019, PP 1-9 ISSN 2637-5575 Issues and Challenges in the Conservation of the Goitered Gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa; Güldenstädt, 1780) Serge SVIZZERO* University of La Réunion, France *Corresponding Author: Serge SVIZZERO, University of La Réunion, France, Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Despite it is listed as a vulnerable species since 2006, the population of the goitered gazelle is continuously declining. Illegal hunting and habitat destruction are considered as the main causes of this decline, even though this species is very adaptable to various ecosystems - especially arid environments - and was highly resilient to intense hunting pressures until the late nineteen century. Important efforts for conservation have been realized by the implementation of protected areas and have even led to re- introduction. However, the design of these protected areas could be improved. Several studies about habitat selection and home range size of re-introduced goitered gazelles have shown that protected areas should be re-arranged or shifted to areas more intensively used by gazelles. Moreover, habitat fragmentation , which can be involuntary reinforced by the design of protected areas, is a real threat for this migratory species. Indeed, isolation, whatever its origin, leads inevitably to lower genetic diversity. Keywords: Goitered Gazelle, Migratory Species, Habitat Fragmentation, Genetic Diversity, Isolation, Protected Areas, Conservation INTRODUCTION species, the causes of this decline are multiple (Rosen Michel and Röttger, 2014). For the The goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa; goitered gazelle, the two main causes of its Güldenstädt, 1780) is listed as Vulnerable (VU) 2 decline are habitat loss and intentional under criterion A2 since 2006 by the IUCN mortality (Clark et al., 2006).
    [Show full text]