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Download a Profile of Donald Schultz by Rodney D Watkins Clin Exp Optom 2004 C L I N I C A L A N D E X P E R I M E N T A L OPTOMETRYProfile: Donald Herbert Schultz Watkins PROFILE Donald Herbert Schultz Intellectual, inventor and benefactor 1910–1987 Clin Exp Optom 2004; 87: 3: 187–190 Rod D Watkins PhD MAppSc LOSc DIC Laubman and Pank were prolific inven- Scan Optics, Adelaide, Australia tors. Between 1919 and 1928 they de- signed, patented and built lens grinding machinery, a mobile optometry consulting I first met Don Schultz in 1963, at an op- room that they called the Perspectoscope tometry conference in Sydney. He was a and an instrument for measuring visual middle-aged, balding man with an im- reaction times. They developed a produc- mensely kind demeanour. I was an under- tion process for the then revolutionary graduate, somewhat intense and over- solid one-piece bifocal lenses. Previously, serious. I wanted to talk to Don about bifocals had been made as two separate optics. He wanted to talk to me about some lenses cemented together. They intro- calculations he was doing on the flight of duced the manufacture of artificial eyes a spinning cricket ball. I learned later that to their practice. he had been a first-class cricketer and had In 1927, Laubman and Pank went to revisited this problem many times. I also Jena in Germany (which had been the learned that one of the great pleasures of home of the Carl Zeiss company since knowing him was his enthusiasm for 1846) to study optometry and ophthalmic understanding the world around him. optics.4 While in Europe, they delivered Later in 1970, when I began work with to Albert Einstein data on a solar eclipse Don at SOLA International, he was inter- in Queensland. They went on to the UK, ested in the design of the pouring lip of a est group optometry practice and one of where they represented Australia at the jug to eliminate drips and we spent some the world’s largest ophthalmic lens com- World Optical Conference, and to the time on the mathematics of fluid rheology. panies. He was a planner and participator United States, where they visited the two I still have the copy of Flatland 1 that he gave in optometry teaching, research and pro- major ophthalmic manufacturers of the me, which draws on the space-time discus- fessional organisation. He was an extraor- time, Bausch and Lomb and the Ameri- sions of Einstein, Lorentz and Whitehead, dinarily generous benefactor to vision can Optical Company. and which led us on to Sommerville’s research. Don Schultz was indentured as an opti- Geometry on N Dimensions 2 and Bertrand Don Schultz was born in 1910 and grew cal apprentice in the Laubman & Pank Russell’s Foundations of Geometry.3 I recall up in the small town of Summertown in practice when he was a young teenager and that for a while we were determined to the Adelaide Hills. As a youth, he was this environment of enthusiasm, invention make sense of Reimann’s hyperbolic co- greatly influenced by his uncle, Carl and intellect shaped his life. ordinates to describe visual space. Laubman. Laubman and his friend Harold Optometry was recognised in South Don was primarily interested in optom- Pank had formed the optometry practice Australia by the passage of the Optom- etry and optics. He developed a remark- of Laubman & Pank in 1908. This was a etrists Act in June 1921,5 the third such able number of optical instruments and remarkable partnership that combined a state act to be passed in Australia. Of the machines, for ophthalmic and defence commitment to leading edge optometric first six optometrists to be registered under use. He played a fundamental role in the practice with an emphasis on innovation the act, four were indentured to Laubman formation and growth of Australia’s larg- and intellectual pursuit. & Pank. At the same time, there was much Clinical and Experimental Optometry 87.3 May 2004 187 Profile: Donald Herbert Schultz Watkins interest in establishing an optometry course cators, the refurbishment of 17,000 pairs design calculations that were carried out in Adelaide and in 1925, a course was com- of binoculars and the production of six using seven-figure logarithms. There were menced at the University of Adelaide. This different types of optical glass. Schultz no electronic calculators and slide rules course is said5 to be the first university worked on many of these projects and at were not sufficiently accurate. Computers course in optometry in the British Empire, the end of the war he transferred several capable of optical design were more than although it did not lead to a university quali- of them to the Laubman & Pank optom- a decade into the future in Australia. Don’s fication. The head of the course was the etry practice. book of logarithmic tables was the size of head of the Department of Physics, Pro- Don Schultz became a director of a large novel and an optical design that fessor Sir Kerr Grant. The first year was Laubman & Pank in 1944 and three years would today be considered relatively trivial largely optics, taught by Marcus (later Pro- later with David L Pank, the son of Harold would take thousands of lines of hand- fessor Sir Mark) Oliphant FRS who was later Pank, purchased a controlling interest in written calculations and sometimes weeks appointed Governor of South Australia. the practice. David Pank went on to chair to complete. Don Schultz was one of the first students the boards of directors of Laubman & In the mid-1950s, events took a differ- to enrol and in 1929, he became one of Pank and SOLA, as well as several other ent turn. Schultz’s attention was drawn to the first three graduates of the course. His companies and government bodies and to a new plastic material that had been used intellectual prowess and insatiable curios- become president of the major national during the war as a lining for fuel tanks in ity commended him to his scientifically dis- and international management organisa- aircraft. The material, called CR39 (Co- tinguished teachers and he remained tions.6 It is easy to see a parallel between lumbia Resin Batch Number 39) by its friends with Kerr Grant and Mark Oliphant the partnership of Don Schultz and David manufacturers, the Pittsburg Plate Glass throughout their lives. Pank and that of their uncle and father. Company, had excellent optical properties In 1931, just two years after he had com- Don established an Instrument Con- and relatively high abrasion resistance. pleted the optometry course and at the struction Department in the Laubman & Laubman & Pank had been making plastic age of 21, Schultz became the principal Pank optometry practice, as a base for con- ophthalmic lenses for many years by ma- lecturer in the course, a position he held tinuing the wartime defence work and ex- chining them from methacrylate sheet. for the next 24 years. He taught physical tending into new technologies. The scope These lenses were light in weight but were optics in first year, physiological optics in of work undertaken gives an indication of difficult to polish accurately and were very second year and clinical optometry in his versatility and productivity. The Instru- easily scratched. Schultz envisaged casting third year. He also taught optics in the sci- ment Construction Department carried lenses from CR39 by creating a cavity be- ence degree program of the university. out binocular and camera repairs. It made tween two polished glass moulds separated Don Schultz was registered as an optom- an optical range finder, an aerial photo- by a plastic spacer, and pouring the liquid etrist in 1930. By all accounts, he was a stereoscope, a low f-number Cassegrain CR39 monomer into the cavity and poly- good optometrist. Wright5 says, ‘He was a telescope with a hyperbolic figure on the merising it. The lenses would take the good clinician, indeed for his time he was primary mirror, Schmidt camera correc- polish of the surfaces of the glass moulds. remarkable’. tor plates and signal lamps for the navy. He obtained a sample of the monomer but In 1952, it made catadioptric cameras for had to find a catalyst to initiate polymeri- Inventor the Blue Streak missile tests carried out by sation. He approached his colleagues at His interest lay more in lens and instru- the Weapons Research Establishment at the the University of Adelaide, who developed ment design than in clinical optometry. The Woomera Rocket Range. It made a tool- a technique for making benzyl peroxide. Second World War forced him further in maker’s profile projector and an optical This eventually proved unsatisfactory as this direction. There was little optical de- device for road marking. It made an inno- the polymerised lenses were too soft and sign expertise in Australia at the time and vative biocular catadioptric magnifier for too yellow. Schultz went back to the no precision optical glass manufacturing low vision patients, a visual field screener, university and was helped to develop a capability. The war required a supply of a Greens-type refractor head and vision process for making isopropyl peroxy optical instruments. An Optical Munitions screeners for industry and for children’s percarbonate, the initiator that was used Panel was formed in July 1940 to co-ordi- vision. In 1953, it became the first labora- for the next 20 years to make several hun- nate efforts around Australia and Schultz tory in Australia to use high vacuum coat- dreds of millions of lenses. was co-opted to work under Kerr Grant at ing technology for optical surfaces.
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