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Index

1970s generation, 110 ballet, 16, 31, 33–34, 57 1980s generation, 7, 110, 187–188 bars, 120, 144–145 ‘1989’, 112 basketball, 41, 98, 221n110 1990s generation, 7, 181 BBS 162, 166–167, 175, 181 2000s generation, 7 Beatles, 1 Beckham, David, 81 Abao, 118 Bei Dao, 110 actors, television, 83–84 Beijing Aeronautical University, 21 ADO, 107, 109, 113 Beijing Film Academy, 182–183, 191 adulthood, 4 Beijing Film Studio, 24, 87 advertisements, 74–75, 78, 80, 83–84, 101, Beijing Normal University, 68, 90, 97 155, 188 Beijing Pop Festival, 139–140 aging, 193 Beijing Youth, 154, 156 Ah Cheng, 55 Belgrade bombing, 245n87 AIDS, 58 Benjamin, Walter, 53 Air Stewardess, 148 Berlin International Film Festival, 63 alienation, 50, 95–96, 146, 192 Bertolucci, Bernardo, 66 amateurs, 16, 19–21, 23–24, 33, 42, Big Shot’s Funeral, 157 246n108 bikinis, 73, 74, 75 American culture, 2, 56, 127–128 ‘Bird’s Nest generation,’ 201n7 American Idol, 128, 131, 138 Black Panther, 111, 112, 122 androgyny, 99, 101, 132–133, 136–137, blackboards, 41, 42, 45 138, 140, 177, see also gender blogging, 134, 158–160, 171, 173, 193; differences see also microblogs animation, 138, 165–166, see also manga Blood Simple, 191 Anti-Japanese War, 4, 15, 17, 46 bodybuilding, 6, 58, 70, 73–77, armed forces, 11, 23, 51, 88, 148 150–151, 193 art, 71–73 Bond, James, 179 Asian Games, 98, 111, 121, 185 Bon Jovi, 112 athletics, 99 books, 40, 43, 47–49, 81, 82–83, August First Film Studio, 219n83 see also novels, foreign; Autumn in Spring, 48 publications Avatar, 191 ‘bourgeois liberalisation,’ 55 Boxers, 90, 168–169 Ba Jin, 48 Brain Failure, 139 Baby Vox, 233n107 Breakdance: The Movie, 84–85, 86, 106 Back Dorm Boys, 173 breakdancing, 6, 84–88 Backstreet Boys, 122 Buddhism, 14, 63, 81, 88, 140, 158 baidu.com, 130, 133, 165, 175 buddies, 113–114, 133, 148, 150

285

286 Index

Cai Wanlin, 67–68 coffee shops, 145 Cai Yongxian, 43 cohabitation, 148 Campus Life, 71, 72 Cold Blooded Animals, 139 Canto-pop, 104, see also Hong Kong: comic books, 3, 7, 81, 155–156, music see also manga Capital Airport, 72 comic dialogues, 30 Capital Gymnasium, 70 communes, 10, 27, 29, 34, 37 Cardin, Pierre, 73 Communication University of China, 137 cards, playing, 47 commercialism, 146, 154–155 Carpenter, Karen, 106 commodification,14 2–143 cars, 6 Communism, 63 Catcher in the Rye, 140 Communist Party, Chinese, 4, 5, 103, CDs, 114 107, 147, 152, 164, 182; and Cultural Cellphone, 171 Revolution, 12–13, 14, 53, 127 cellphones, 133–134, 138, 141, 161, 173, Communist Youth League, 5, 26–27, see also mobile phones 48, 72, 94, 95; and volunteers, 183, censorship, 44, 143, 182–183, 197, 184, 185 see also books; films: banned computer games, 126, 132, see also games, Central Arts and Crafts Academy, 72 Internet Central Drama Academy, 19 computers, 8, 52, 197 Central Music Conservatory, 22 Confucianism, 2, 4, 63, 123, 140, 147, 158, Central Party School, 90 185; attacked, 19, 127, 191 Central Philharmonic Orchestra, 102 Confucius, 191 chatrooms, 181; see also BBS construction corps, 29, 31, 33, 36, 38, 39, Chen Chusheng, 138 40, 41–43, 48 Chen Huai’ai, 65–66 consumerism, 3, 7, 80–81, 88, 142–143, Chen Kaige, 156, 172 159, 187, 193, 194–195, 198 Chen Qiushi, 85–86 Contemporary Singers, 124 Chen Si, 179 Contemporary Youth Research, 63 Chen Xilin, 155–156 ‘convict songs,’ 230n76 Chen Yi (foreign minister), 50 Corps Soldier, 41 Chen Yi, 172 corruption, 79, 152, 181–182, 194 Cheng Gang, 120 cosmetics, 74, 77, 80, 104 Cheng Yun, 104 cosplay, 6, 81, 99–101, 143, 174 Chicken Feathers, 156 Cui Jian, 7, 102, 106–111, 116, 122, 128, childhood, 4 193; after 1989, 112, 119, 135, 140, China Art Museum, 70, 72 152, 239n180, 252n1; and politics, 8, China Care Fund, 183 86, 121, 194; career of, 113, China Film Gazette, 67–68 114–115, 145 China Record Corporation, 105, 106, 115 Cui Weiping, 182–183 China Youth, 154 Cultural Revolution, 2, 5, 6, 12–13, 118– Chinese Artists Association, 70–71 127, 147; and youth culture, 52–53, 57, Chinese Odyssey, A, 181 101, 110, 113, 195; violence in, 96, 97 Chou, Jay, 245n95 Current Affairs Cultural Work Consulting Chow, Stephen, 180, 181 Company, 155 Chow Yun-fat, 191 chuanlian, see ‘establishing ties’ D.W., 68 cinemas, 24, 25 Da Vinci Code, The, 158 civil society, 183–184 dakou CDs, 119 clapper-talk, 18 Dance, 86 CLON, 123–124 dance halls, 92, 143–144, 145 clothing, 57, 77–81, 126, 128, 174, 198, dancing, 70, 84, 143–144, 167, see also fashion; T-shirts 195; by Red Guards, 18, 35, 193; Cobra, 112 see also breakdancing; disco Coca Cola, 77, 98 Dangdai, 148 Code-name Puma, 151 Daoism, 63, 88, 91

Index 287

Daqing Dance Troupe, 70 Fashion Guilty, 81 Daring to Drag the Emperor from his Fei Xiang, 105, 108 Horse, 19 Feng Qiuchang, 239n7 Daruma, 107, 112 Feng Xiaogang, 156–157, 171, 187 de Kloet, Jeroen, 119 fiction,4 2–42, 115, 149–150, delinquents, 164 see also books; novels: foreign; hand- democracy, 129, 173 copied literature Democracy Wall, 53–54, 194 Fifth Modernization, 54 demolition, 198 Fifth-Generation filmmakers,7 , 87, 150 Deng Lijun, 102–103, 105, 140 Fighting North and South, 46 Deng Xiaoping, 5, 53–54, 56, 87, 196 film projection teams,4 4–45 ‘desktop literature,’ 216n57 films,4 4–47, 82, 103, 126, 142, 144, 191; deterritorialisation, 142–143 adaptation, 31, 150–151, 158; banned, Diaoyutai islands, 168 24, 44, 46; foreign, 5, 14, 24, 49, 124, diaspora, Chinese, 143 126; Hollywood, 66–67, 189, 191; Dikötter, Frank, 4 Soviet, 16, 36, 46, 49 Ding Wu, 107 First Heartbeat, 138–139 Dinosaur Egg, 120 Fitness and Beauty, 74 disco, 84, 89, 92, 106, 143–144 flash mobs,171 Doc Holliday & Apache Train, 139–140 Flower Seller, The, 47 documentaries, 25 Flying, 120 Dong Cunrui, 12 folk: culture, 63; literature, 49–50; songs, Dong Qiangsheng, 47 37–38, 103, 104, 116–117, 121 Dream of China, 138 foods, foreign, 5, 14, see also McDonald’s Dream of Red Mansions, A, 4, 6, 43, ‘foreign exchange certificates,’70 138, 158 fortune-telling, 47 Duan Ruizhong, 118 Founding of the Republic, The, 190–191 Duan Zhishu, 47–48 Four Modernizations, 54 DVDs, 9, 197 ‘four olds,’ 14, 23 Fresh Flower Village, 158 earthquake, Sichuan, 183, 184–185 Fuchongji Band, 107 Economist, The, 188 Fudan University, 14 educated youth, see sent-down youth Fujian Normal University, 163 egao, see parody Full House, 124 Elle, 135 Emerging from the Surface of the Gadfly,The, 14, 43 Sea, 148 gambling, 92 English language, 77, 140–141, 182 games, Internet, 100, 161–162, 164–165, entrepreneurs, 155, 158–159, 160, 166, 186 165, 198 Gang of Four, 15, 34, 44, 54, 127, 194 environment, 184 gay-groupie girls, 177 Erikson, Eric, 117 gender differences, 8, 57, 161–162, ‘establishing ties,’ 24–26, 38, 172 see also androgyny Europe, 11, 126 generations, 7, 110, 112, 181, 187–188 examinations, 54, 77 Giese, Karsten, 190 Girl Basketball Player No. 5, 49 Falungong, 91 Girl Diving Team, 74 Fang Lizhi, 55 Girl in the Red Dress, 77 fans, 3, 6, 57, 69–70, 177; and the Internet, globalisation, 1–2, 3, 6, 9, 91, 113–114, 143, 175–177, 187; music, 104, 111, 163, 192, 196–197; and music, 139–140, 112, 124–125, 128–129, 131–132, 140–141; and sports, 98, 99; in the 133–135; sports, 91, 93–99 Cultural Revolution, 53 Farewell, My Concubine, 156 ‘glocalization,’ 9 fashion, 5, 8, 57, 70, 73, 77–81, 104, Godaigo, 225n23 203n12; foreign, 5, 56, 89, 123, 126; golf, 92–93 see also clothing Gong Li, 63–64, 66, 69, 151, 156, 193

288 Index

Google, 130 Hou Dejian, 224n16 grass-mud horse, 182 How the Steel Was Tempered, 14, 43, Great Decisive Battle, 156 179, 237n165 Great Firewall of China, 143 Hu Bingliu, 103 Great Leap Forward, 23 He Ge, 172–173 Guerrillas on the Plain, 46 Huhehot Evening News, 89, 116 guitars, 36 Hu Jintao, 165, 182, 184 Guobayin, 156 Hu Mei, 191 Guo Jingjing, 222n120 Hua Tongxu, 162 Guo Yuhua, 68–69, 91 Huang Jianxin, 150, 151, 191 gymnastics, 98 Huang Jianzhong, 24 Huang Shuqin, 241n33 Habermas, Jürgen, 195 Huang Xianguo, 86 hairstyles, 5, 77, 124, 125–126 hugs, free, 171–172 Han Geng, 126–127 Hunan Satellite Television, 125, 132, Han Han, 159–160, 193 138, 189 Han Sanping, 191 Han Shaogong, 55 I Am Your Dad, 156–157 Han Xiuqing, 43–44 I Love You Absolutely, 153 Han Yinghong, 117 identity, 1–2, 167–168, 179–180, 192, 199 hand-copied literature, 37, 40, 42, 48–49, idols, 133, 137, 142, 159–160, 192–193, 52, 83, 190, 193, 194; classical novels, see also heroes; talent shows; television: 43; poetry, 51; songs, 38 talent shows on Hao Ran, 147 If You Are the One, 139 Happy Boy, 138 In a Twinkling, 120 Happy Girls, 138 In Lenin’s Hometown, 19 Harbin Engineering University, 122 In the Heat of the Sun, 24, 147, 148, 157, He Yushan, 75 189, 210n110 He Zhendong, 225n23 inequality, 198 heavy metal, 112 Internationale, 95, 102 Hebdige, Dick, 3 Internet, 1, 3, 9, 22, 125, 144–143, 145, Hebei University, 68 161–166, 193; and gender, 8; and Hello Kitty, 174 globalization, 197–198; and nationalism, Hero, 172 168–169; bars, 6, 145, 163–164, 179; heroes, 192–193; of Red Guards, 13, 14, games, 181, see also computer games; 16, 49, 68, 69, 147; after 1970s, 133, incidents, 171–173; language, 178–183; 186; see also idols; sports: stars literature, 178–179 Heroic Sons and Daughters, 35 Iron Man 28, 182 hip-hop music, 2, 3, 126, 140–141 Iwabuchi, Koichi, 197, 233n111 Hibiscus Town, 56, 66 high school, see students, high-school Jackson, Michael, 1, 85, 106, 194 Hollywood, 84, 150, 152, see also films: Japan, 4, 112, 168, 169, 170; language, Hollywood 182; popular culture, 81, 99–101, 102, home ownership, 6 107, 174 homosexuality, 58, 136–137, 177 jeans, 79–80 Honeys, 139 Jian Mei, 82 Hong Kong, 56, 94, 95, 169, 196; films Jianlibao, 98 and TV, 53, 104, 124, 150, 180; ‘Jasmine Revolution,’ 196 mainland musi in, 112, 114–115; music, Jiang Shan, 156 5–6, 102, 104, 105, 106, 115–116, 119, Jiang Wen, 24, 66, 147, 148, 189 121, 122, 125, 194 Jiangsu Satellite Television, 139 hoodlum literature, 142, 145–149, Jin Jingmai, 13 152, 178 Jin Zhaojun, 109, 117–118 hoodlums, 68 Jing Yufeng, 106 horoscopes, 81 Jinggangshan, 26 H.O.T., 122, 123, 124–125, 176 jokes, 50, 52, 162, see also parody

Index 289

Journey to the West, 14 Little Flower, 103 Joyside, 139 Little Tigers, 119, 122 June 4th, 2, 7, 111; aftermath, 79, 97, Liu Hong, 137 98, 110, 118, 152; see also Tiananmen Liu Hongsen, 93–94 Square: 1989 protests in Liu Huan, 105, 122 Jung Ji-hoon, 124 Liu Jialing, 18–19, 26 JunJin, 175, 176 Liu Lanping, 162 Liu Miaomiao, 137 K-pop, 102 Liu Qing, 109–110 Kangta, 176, 177 Liu REI, 177 karaoke, 92, 114, 145 Liu Shaoqi, 19–20 Ke Jun, 89 Liu Xiang, 99 Ke Yimin, 135, 138–139 Liu Xiaoqing, 138 Kerouac, Jack, 149 Liu Yiran, 88, 151 knight errant, 177 Liu Zaifu, 68 Kong Yongqian, 79 Liu Zhu, 237n163 Korea (South), 3, 6, 81, 112, 123–128, ‘living report skit,’ 36 197; music, 102, 122, 126–127, 140, Lolita, 182 175, 177 Long March, 24, 107 Korean Wave, 6, 123–128 Longing for Home, 103 ku (cool), 179 L’Oréal, 193 Kundera, Milan, 154 Lü Hui, 130–131, 133, 135–136 Kulong, 123–124 Lu Xianbiao, 87 Kurlansky, Mark, 202n1 Lu Xiaoya, 77 Lu Xun, 19, 152–153, 174, 178 language, 146–147, 149, 162, 178–183, Lu Yulin, 9 187, 193; Martian, 180–181, 187 Luo Guangbin, 13 laobaixing, 147 laosanjie, 12 Ma Deshan, 23 lao san zhan, 46 Ma Hua, 92 Lao She, 152, 158 Ma Nuo, 139 Last Emperor, The, 66 Ma Tianyu, 238n176 Last Empress, The, 66 ‘Madman of the New Age,’ 19 Latham, Kevin, 169–170 magazines, 74, 80–81, 197 Lei Feng, 12, 13, 79, 129, 186 magic, 88 Lenin in 1918, 36, 45, 46 ‘main melody’ films,150 Lenin in October, 48 Man and a Woman, A, 150–151 Li Ao, 242n39 manga, 99, 100, 138, 177, see also comic Li Guyi, 102–103, 108, 122, 141 books Li Hongbin, 72–73 Mao Amin, 106 Li Houji, 69 Mao badge, 15 Li Jie, 122 Mao Peiling, 31 Li Luohe, 177 Mao Zedong, 4–5, 20, 25; and Cultural Li Mingming, 165–166 Revolution, 1, 5, 11, 12–13, 20, 25, 52; Li Ning, 98, 99 death of, 5, 10, 41, 148; cult of, 88, 143, Li Shiding, 118 193; writings of, 17–18, 22, 41, 43, 80, Li Tiemei, 16, 193 140, 148–149, 186 Li Wanyu, 75 Mao Zedong Thought Propaganda Li Xiaowen, 112 Teams, 18 Li Xin, 120 Maoist culture, 4, 79, 107, 146 Li Yuchun, 128, 131, 132–133, 134, marriage, 4, 83–84 135–137, 138 martial arts, 88 Li Zhenzhi, 63 Martin, Ricky, 136 Liaoning Youth, 47, 69, 110–111, 140, 171 Marxism, 2, 9, 63, 146, 147, 198 Lin Fan, 137–138 Matchbox, 119 literature, childhood, 16 Maxim’s, 119

290 Index

May Fourth movement, 4, 5 New Pants, 119, 140 McDonald’s, 154 New York Dolls, 139 medicine, Chinese, 90 New Youth, 4 memoirs, 205n37 New Zealand, 106, 221n104 ‘Men’s Time,’ 188 NGOs, 183, 185 microblogs, 190, 196, see also blogging nightclubs, 144–145 Midi concerts, 119 Nike, 98 Midi Music School, 139 Nine Inch Nails, 139 Mine Warfare, 46 Nirvana, 139 Ministry of Commerce, 92 Nixon, Richard, 196 Ministry of Culture, 92, 106 Northwest Wind, 8, 70, 86, 105, 113, Ministry of Radio, Film and 115–118, 129, 141; fans of, 96, 127, 128 Television, 115 Northwestern University, 168 minorities, ethnic, 11–12, 34, 72, 104 nostalgia, 7, 55, 118, 196, Minorities University, 127 see also memoirs missionaries, 4, 21, 74 Notes from the Gallows, 43 misty poetry, 51, 146, 180 ‘Nothing to My Name,’ 102, 107, 108– Mo Yan, 151 110, 111, 116 mobile phones, 8, 9, 128, 132, 169–171, novels, foreign, 5, 10, 14, 43, 48, 126, 195, see also cellphones 149–150, 169, see also hand-copied model performances, 31, 44, 69, 122, 143; literature and sent-down youth, 16, 30, 35, 36, NRG, 122, 124 42–43, 57 nude art, 57–58, 70–73, 215n34 models, fashion, 73 Modern Sky, 119 ‘old three fights,’46 modernization, 3, 4, 123 Old Well, 64–65 Moore, Ryan, 119 Olympics, 97–98, 99, 107, 145; Beijing, 1, ‘Moscow Nights,’ 37, 39, 103, 196 2–3, 99, 127, 169; and volunteers, 183, Moskowitz, Marc L., 228n62 185, 186, 190, 191 MP3 players, 141 On the Docks, 16 Muma and Third Party, 140 One Year, 50 Mumiy Troll, 139 one-child families, 161, 193 music, 6, 8, 58, 70, 102, 104, 115, 190, opera, Chinese, 16, see also model 193; in Cultural Revolution, 13, 16, performances 20–22, 28, 35–40; foreign, 5, 56, 106, Oriental Song and Dance Company, 106, 114; see also Hong Kong: music; Korea: 120, 154, 214n23 music; rock music Ostrovsky, Nikolai, 14 musicians, foreign, 107, 113, 122 Out of the Fortress, 169 ‘My Chinese Heart,’ 105 Ouyang Yawen, 163 My Hero, 138 Mysterious Travelling Companion, The, 49 painting, 55–56 Pan Hong, 156 naked chatting, 174 Pan Xiao incident, 5 Nankai University, 175 Paralympic Games, 183 nationalism, 3, 88, 90, 94, 99, 123–124, parents, 13, 20, 163, 169, 170, 179, 180, 127, 135–136; and Red Sorghum, 2, 195, 198 58, 63, 65, 66; and the Internet, 165, parks, 84–85 168–169, 170, 197 parody, 172–173, 187, 193 nativism, 53, 116–117 Pawpaw Group, 181 NBA, 98 Pearl River Film Studio, 77 ‘negative teaching examples,’ 24, 46 Pease, Rowan, 125, 176–177 netizens, 7, 99, 162, 168, 169, 171, 172, Peking University, 74, 84–90, 111, 180, 181 116–117, 181 New Bud Band, 119–120 People’s Daily, 63, 69, 92, 108–109, 114, New Culture movement, 4 117–118, 149, 151, 152; in Cultural ‘New Humans,’ 110 Revolution, 14, 19, 22

Index 291

People’s Music, 104–105, 109, 117 performances, 11, 15–22, 38, 103; performance, 193–193 publications, 22–23, 205n35; travel, 2, personal advertisements, 83–84, 175 24–26, 33, see also ‘establishing ties’; Phoenix TV, 176 violence, 127, 152, 190 photography, 43 Red Lantern, The, 16, 31, 193 ‘Piece of Red Cloth, A,’ 109 Red Sentry, 41 pirated products, 7–8, 106, 114–115, 119, Red Sorghum, 2, 8, 58–70, 86, 117, 151, 123, 159 190, 193; world-view of, 82, 116, PK elimination, 132, 136 142, 150 Playing for Thrills, 148–149, 152 reform, economic, 3, 5–6, 7, 9, 52, 53–56, plays, see spoken drama 107, 114, 115, 146, 149, 183, 195–196 poetry, 10, 23, 33, 41–42, 50–51, 55, rebellion, 59, 152 see also misty poetry recitation, two-part, 30 politics, 109, 121, 181–182, 194–196 relationships, 57, 82–84 pool (billiards), 6, 91–92, 143, 145 Ren Yi, 39 Popular Film, 68–69, 72, 82, 85, 152, 153 Renmin University, 71, 97, 179 Popular Television, 75, 82, 83–84 reportage, 69 pornography, 82–83, 163, 164, 187 resistance, 157, 194, 195–196 Presley, Elvis, 196 revisionism, 13, 19 Princess Pearl, 189 riots, sports, 94–97 private enterprise, 114, River Elegy, 2, 58, 115 see also entrepreneurs river crab, 182 Promise, The, 172 rock music, 20, 22, 39, 70, 85, 102, 106– propaganda teams, 18, 19, 21, 29–30, 111, 119, 120–121 33–34, 42, 48 Rock ‘n Roll Kids, 73, 87–88, 151 protests, 54–55, 198, see also June 4th; Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Qingming demonstrations; Tiananmen The, 174 Square: 1989 protests in Romanization, 75, 76 Public Security University, Chinese root-seeking, 2, 55, 115, 127, 146 People’s, 163 Rosen, Stanley, 9 public space, 173, 195–196 Roxette, 238n172 publications, 41, 82–83, 149–150, 218n66 Puccini, Giacomo, 252n2 Salinger, J. D., 149 punk rock, 119 salons, literary, 5, 10, 12, 40, 43, 51, Pure Teenager, 81 146, 194 Samsara, 148, 150, 151, 191 Qian Fuzhang, 169 satire, 147, 156, 157, 193, see also parody qigong, 6, 58, 88–91, 92 Savage, Jon, 3, 198 Qingming demonstrations, 34, 44 Save the Children, 183 QQ, 165, 171, 173–174, 175, 179, 185, 188 Sanlian Life Weekly, 130 Qu Zhe, 18, 41 science, 88, 89–90, 91 Seahorse Film and Television Creative radio, 9, 21, 22, 32, 36; and sent-down Centre, 151 youth, 41, 48, 52, 74–75, 211n121; after Second Handshake, The, 48, 50, 193 1976, 120, 124–125, 161 sent-down youth, 2, 5, 8, 10, 11, 12, Rain, 124, 176–177 27–52, 57, 103, 194, 198–199; return to Rambo: First Blood, 96 cities, 12, 42; writing by, 41–44, 55, 110, rap music, 122, see also hip-hop music 115, 162 ration coupons, 7 sex, 57, 62, 73, 82–83, 87 records, 31; see also China Record Sha’ou, 97 Corporation Shajiabang, 31, 51 Red Crag, 13 Shandong Normal University, 164 Red Cross, Chinese, 184, 185 Shanghai Film Studio, 52 Red Detachment of Women, The, 33–34 Shanghai Medical University, 87 Red Guards, 1, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12–27, Shanghai Tianyu Company, 136 52, 198; after 1976, 169, 192, 199; shanzhai, see parody

292 Index

Shaolin Soccer, 180 subcultures, 3–4, 119, 163, 173–174, Shen Xu, 153, 154 180–181, 186–187 Sheng Ying, 122 Sun Chunming, 46–47 shopping, 198 Sun Guoqing, 107, 112–113, 128 Sichuan Conservatory, 132 Sun Heng, 73 sina.com, 159, 190 Sun Wukong, 14–15 Singapore, 182 Sun Wukong Fighting Group, 14–15 singing, mass, 20–21 Super Junior, 127 skate-boarding, 81 Superboy, 136 soccer, 93–97, 134, 145, 171 Supergirl, 128–139, 143, 169, 185, social networking, 173–177 187, 193 Soldiers’ Sortie, 187 Surprise Attack, 46 song-and-dance duo, 31–32 Sutherland, Donald, 157 Song of Ouyang Hai, 13 swim suits, 75, 76; see also bikinis ‘Song of Najing,’ 38, 39 swimming, 166 Song of Youth, The, 48, 147, 179 Song Xiaolong, 86 T-shirts, 78–79, 114, 124, 134, 173, 193, Song Yueting, 140–141 199 songs, 12, 18, 60, 61, 104, 112–113, 182; table tennis, 46, 91 foreign, 35–36, 37, 39, 113, 121, 195, tableaux, 18, 29, 33 196; in Cultural Revolution, 19, 22, tabloid press, 56 35–40, 47, 52, 102–103 Taiwan, 53, 56, 112, 114, 124, 143, 163, Sorghum Soul, 70 196; language, 180–181, 182; music, Soul of the Painter, 241n33 5–6, 102, 104, 105, 106, 115–116, 119, Soviet Union, 14, 115, 196 121, 122, 125, 140–141; see also Deng Special Olympics, 190 Lijun ‘spiritual pollution,’ 5, 56, 104, 139, Taking Tiger Mountain by 182–183 Strategy, 31, 36 spoken drama, 19, 33, 34–35 talent shows, 6, 86, 102, 137–139, 173, sports, 6, 42, 58, 76–77, 91–99, 162, 198, see also Dream of China; Dream 166, 198; stars, 93, 94, 97–99; of Red Mansions; First Heartbeat; see also bodybuilding; golf; gymnastics; Supergirl pool; soccer; swimming; table tennis; Tang Dynasty, 111–112, 113, tennis; volleyball 114–115, 145 Spring Festival, 184; Television Gala, Tang Xiaogang, 96 105, 129 taobao.com, 160 spy stories, 50 tape recorders, 52, 56, 85, 103–104, 106, Spyz, 106 115, 141, 194, 197 Stallone, Sylvester, 96 Tapscott, Don, 188 State Administration of Radio, Film and tattoos, 81 Television, 139 teachers, 11, 13, 14, 20 State Council, 26, 51 teenagers, 3, 13 ‘steamed bun murder case,’ 172–173 television, 3, 9, 83–84, 142, 155, 161, Stories from the Editorial Office, 153 187, 189, 195; advertising, 78, 80, story-telling, 49 81; and Sichuan earthquake, 184, students, high-school, 11, 12, 13–14, 185; drama serials, 75, 82, 153, 27, 86–87, 89, 95, 161–162; and the 155, 156; foreign shows, 5, 104, Internet, 162–163, 164, 170, 181, 183; 123, 124, 125–126, 127, 196–197; tastes of, 78, 81, 121–122 music on, 104, 105–106, 113, 120, students, university, 77–78, 82, 89–90, 122; ownership, 7–8, 52, 56, 123; 167–168, 170–171, 173, 189; and music, sports on, 77, 97; talent shows on, 6, 116–117, 120, 121–122; and sports, 86, 102, 137–139, 173, 198; 76–77, 95, 97–98; and the Internet, see also River Elegy 165, 175, 179, 181, 187–188; and Tencent Company, 175 volunteering, 183, 186 Teng, Teresa, see Deng Lijun Sun Hong, 228n61 tennis, 77, 92–93

Index 293

text messaging, 132, 169–170, Wei Jingsheng, 54 170–171, 185 Wei Wenbin, 136 theatre, street, 13, 17–18, see also tableaux Wen Jiabao, 184 Tian Zhen, 116, 128 Wenzhou University, 167–168 Tian Zhuangzhuang, 24, 73, 87 Westlife, 122 Tiananmen Square, 87–88; in Cultural Westernization, 3, 4, 9, 172, 194 Revolution, 18, 20, 22, 25, 34, 44; 1989 Wham, 106 protests in, 2, 102, 105, 107, 110, 115, What Is Love?, 126 117, 152, 181, 194, 195; see also June 4th White-haired Girl, The, 16, 31 Tianjin Daily, 69 Wild Beasts, 147, 157 Tianjin Game Academy, 165 Wild Feelings, 82 Tianjin Social Sciences Academy, 164 Winter Sonata, 125–126 Titanic, 189 Woman, A Gun and a Noodle Shop, tourism, 24–26, 79, 143–144 A, 191 translations, 149–150, see also novels, women: and sports, 97; musicians, 112; foreign writers, 155 Troubleshooters, The, 146–147, 148 Woodstock, 1 ‘True Story of Ah Q, The,’ 174 word-play, 199 Tsinghua University, 23, 166 work-units, 190 Tu Keshan, 117 World of Warcraft, 166 Tunnel Warfare, 46 World without Thieves, A, 187 Twitter, 190 ‘wound literature,’ 55 Two Gangsters, 233n113 Wu Hao, 122 Two Hundred Foreign Songs, 35 Wu Tianming, 64, 65 Wu Ze, 122 underground culture, 5, 12, 17, 29, 33, Wu Ziniu, 24, 32–33 36–40, 41, 50–51, 57, 162 Wuhan University, 97–98 United Nations Women’s Conference, 183 Universiade, 185 Xi’an Conservatory, 120 Xi’an Film Studio, 64, 65, 120 video: halls, 6, 144; players (VCRs), 9, 24, Xi’an Foreign Languages Institute, 120 144, 197; tapes, 56 Xiangjiang Review, 41 Voice of America, 48, 77, 211n121 Xie Jin, 56, 156 volleyball, 97 Xie Qianhong, 29–30 volunteers, 183–186, 190, 198 Xie Tianxiao, 139 Voynich, Lillian, 14 ‘Xintianyou,’ 116 Xiong Xiaoming, 118 Walkman, 103–104 Xu Hongli, 69 Wang Anyi, 178 Xue Yali, 178 Wang Dawen, 48–49 Wang Di, 107, 121 Yan Xiaoli, 39 Wang Guofu, 96 Yan Xin, 90 Wang Hong, 122 Yan’an, 15, 24 Wang Hongguang, 91 Yang Cong, 186–187 Wang Jiping, 91 Yang Jian, 38, 40–41 Wang Jin, 103 Yang Jianhua, 33–34 Wang Koukou, 42 Yang Min, 96 Wang Shuo, 2, 24, 142, 145–160, 178, Yang Mo, 147 190, 193, 198 Yang Qizhang, 29 Wang Sidao, 116 Yang Yiyan, 13 Wang Tianhui, 35–36 Yang Zirong, 31, 36 Wang Zhiwen, 156 yangbanxi, see model performances Wanlimawang, 107 Yao Ming, 98 Warrior Cup, 75 Yasukuni shrine, 169 websites, 158, 175 Yearnings, 153 Wei Hongxin, 163 Yellow Earth, The, 63, 70

294 Index

Yellow River Knight-Errant, 66 Zhang Li, 130 Yin Hongbiao, 13–14 Zhang Mingmin, 105 Young Pioneers, 5, 12 Zhang Nuanxin, 97 youth, definitions of,6 Zhang Ren, 31 Youth and Society, 72, 75–76, 83, 90, Zhang Yang, 50, 193 104, 106 Zhang Yimou, 2, 69, 87, 150–151, 172, Youth Era, 83, 91 191, 252n2; and Red Sorghum, 58, Youth Film Studio, 97 63–66, 69, 70, 117, 136 Youth on the Water, 49, 74 Zhang Yu, 166, 167 Youth Power, 69 Zhang Yuan, 242n41 Youth Times, 74, 75, 76, 90 Zhang Zheng, 103 ‘youth work,’ 9 Zhao Jiping, 117 YouTube, 182 Zhao Li, 112 Yu Yinghua, 41 Zhao Zhidong, 137 Zheng Jun, 140 Zeng Xuelin, 94 Zheng Mengbiao, 43 Zeng Zhicheng, 46 Zheng Yaohua, 121 Zhang Dawei, 85 Zhou Bichang, 128, 133 Zhang Chunqiao, 15 Zhou Enlai, 50 Zhang Jianya, 51–52 Zhou Que, 43 Zhang Jingying, 128, 130, 133, Zhu Fengpu, 103 134–135 Zhu Shenzhi, 49 Zhang Ke, 233n106 Zhuang Weiliang, 43