DOCSLIB.ORG

The Influence of Pauline Breedlove's Inferiority Complex Toward Her Superiority Complex in Toni Morrison's the Bluest Eye

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Influence of Pauline Breedlove's Inferiority Complex Toward Her Superiority Complex in Toni Morrison's the Bluest Eye PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI THE INFLUENCE OF PAULINE BREEDLOVE'S INFERIORITY COMPLEX TOWARD HER SUPERIORITY COMPLEX IN TONI MORRISON'S THE BLUEST EYE AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By RIBKA Student Number: 164214040 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2020 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI THE INFLUENCE OF PAULINE BREEDLOVE'S INFERIORITY COMPLEX TOWARD HER SUPERIORITY COMPLEX IN TONI MORRISON'S THE BLUEST EYE AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By RIBKA Student Number: 164214040 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2020 ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI DO WHATEVER YOU WANT TO DO vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI FOR MY BELOVED PARENTS & MYSELF viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to Jesus and Mother Mary for everything during my journey in Sanata Dharma University. Second, I would like to express my sincere gratitude for my thesis advisor, Th. Enny Anggraini, Ph. D. for the time, understanding and patience during my journey creating this undergraduate thesis. I would also like to give my gratitude to my co-advisor, Dr. Gabriel Fajar Sasmita Aji M.Hum. for suggestion and also the correction in this thesis. To my beloved father, thank you for always supporting me in everything, no one can support me like you did. To my beloved mother, I would like to say thank you so much for helping me during my hard time. My journey will not complete without my friends. To Siulienda Winata, GRVR Group, Gaby, Rosita, Vinny, 36’ group, Susianty Lie, Anggie Yosinta, and others, I would like to say thank you for being my friends and part of my journey. Ribka ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ........................................................................................................ ii APPROVAL PAGE ............................................................................................. iii ACCEPTANCE PAGE ........................................................................................ iv STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY .................................................................... v LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH .. vi MOTTO PAGE ................................................................................................... vii DEDICATION PAGE ........................................................................................ viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................... x ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... xii ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................ xiii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 1 A. Background of the Study .............................................................................. 1 B. Problem Formulation .................................................................................... 3 C. Objectives of the Study ................................................................................. 3 D. Definition of Terms....................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE .................................................... 5 A. Review of Related Studies ............................................................................ 5 B. Review of Related Theories ........................................................................ 11 1. Theory of Characterization ...................................................................... 11 2. Theory of Inferiority Complex ................................................................ 13 3. Theory of Superiority Complex............................................................... 21 C. Theoretical Framework ............................................................................... 23 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ................................................................... 24 A. Object of the Study ..................................................................................... 24 B. Approach of the Study ................................................................................ 25 C. Method of the Study ................................................................................... 26 x PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS ................................................................................ 28 A. The Characteristics of Pauline Breedlove ................................................... 28 1. Lonely ..................................................................................................... 28 2. Irresponsible ............................................................................................ 30 3. Arrogant .................................................................................................. 33 4. Revengeful .............................................................................................. 34 B. The Inferiority Complex of Pauline Breedlove........................................... 35 C. The Influence of Pauline's Inferiority Complex to her Superiority Complex ……………………………………………………………………………41 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION .......................................................................... 47 REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 49 APPENDIX .......................................................................................................... 51 xi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT RIBKA. (2020). The Influence of Pauline Breedlove’s Inferiority Complex toward Her Superiority Complex in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma. Inferiority complex and superiority complex could be factors of mental health issue, as both of them are related to each other. To analyse the inferiority complex and superiority complex, literature such as a novel could be one of the ways to analyse those topics, through the character in the story. This research analyses Pauline Breedlove in The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison. In the story, Pauline is a person who has both inferiority and superiority complex. There are three objectives of this research. First is to describe Pauline’s characteristics. The second is to describe Pauline’s inferiority complex in the story. The last objective is to discuss how Pauline’s inferiority complex influences her superiority complex. The method of this research is library research. The primary source a novel titled The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison. The researcher also uses journals, books, and undergraduate theses as secondary data. To support the analysis, the researcher uses the theory of characterization by M.J. Murphy, and also the theory of inferiority complex and superiority complex by Alfred Adler. This research uses psychological approach as the perspective of the analysis. As a result of the analysis, Pauline is described as lonely, arrogant, irresponsible, and also revengeful. Pauline’s inferiority complex could be seen through her overcompensate her defects to be accepted by her society. All of her improvements are unsuccessful. The unsuccessfulness of Pauline’s improvement to be accepted by her society makes her to have less interest in society and begins to look for personal superiority. Pauline wants to put down and control others who are weaker than her, especially her family. Keywords: Inferiority Complex, Superiority Complex. xii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRAK RIBKA. (2020). The Influence of Pauline Breedlove’s Inferiority Complex toward Her Superiority Complex in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma. Kompleks inferioritas dan kompleks superioritas dapat menjadi salah satu faktor masalah kesehatan mental. Keduanya berkaitan satu sama lain. Untuk menganalisis kompleks inferioritas dan kompleks superioritas, sastra seperti novel dapat menjadi salah satu cara menganalisis topik tersebut, melalui tokoh dalam cerita. Penelitian ini menganalisis Pauline Breedlove dalam The Bluest Eye oleh Toni Morrison. Dalam ceritanya, Pauline adalah orang yang memiliki kompleks inferioritas dan kompleks superioritas. Ada tiga tujuan penelitian ini. Pertama adalah menjelaskan karakteristik Pauline. Yang kedua adalah mendeskripsikan kompleks inferioritas Pauline dalam cerita. Tujuan terakhir adalah untuk membahas bagaimana kompleks inferioritas Pauline mempengaruhi kompleks superioritasnya. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian pustaka. Sumber utama yang digunakan adalah novel The Bluest Eye karya Toni Morrison. Peneliti juga menggunakan jurnal, buku, dan skripsi sebagai data sekunder. Untuk mendukung analisis, peneliti menggunakan teori karakterisasi M.J. Murphy dan teori kompleks inferioritas and kompleks superioritas oleh Alfred Adler. Penelitian ini menggunakan
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The "Fine Line" of Otto Rank Philip J
    University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Open Access Dissertations 1994 The "Fine Line" of Otto Rank Philip J. Hecht University of Rhode Island Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/oa_diss Recommended Citation Hecht, Philip J., "The "Fine Line" of Otto Rank" (1994). Open Access Dissertations. Paper 902. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/oa_diss/902 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. l3F / 13 THE "FINE LINE" OF OTTO RANK R.30 H4-3 BY I 3/9lf PHILIP J. HECHT ., A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ENGLISH 3 2 tJLf;;.../f;).. I UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND 1994 ABSTRACT Otto Rank, more than just psychologist, psychiatrist, and psychoanalyst, was a compassionate human being. The humanity reflected in his work is the subject of this dissertation and I have shown how his ideas can illuminate historical figures and fictional characters in literature and film. Chapter one examines Rank's "fine line" in order to outline the difficult path that all must travel in life, and some of the methods that are chosen to cope with experience. To Rank, this is a balancing act between acts of creative will and choices influenced by anxiety, guilt, and fear of life and death. Rank claims that the only vital factor in life is the human factor and that human understanding is more important than intellectual knowledge, because it is emotional and cannot be programmed.
    [Show full text]
  • Inferiority Complex
    www.bsmi.org INFERIORITY COMPLEX Prevention in Children and Relief from It in Adults Timothy Lin, Ph.D. Everyone starts life with some feelings of inferiority. Subsequent success or failure is determined by the ability to adjust the inferiority feeling to the demands of life. Normal development requires the recognition of one’s limitations and capacities in order to achieve a profitable balance in emotional maturity. The inferiority complex is different from the inferior feeling of which the former is the master but the latter can become a servant to the individual. As a master, the complex may cause a person to have ultimate failure and maladjustment; as a servant, the feeling may produce success in achieving valuable goals in life. No one succeeds without some inferior feeling and almost everyone who fails does so because of an inferiority complex. We will see the serious nature of an inferiority complex by considering the nature, the manifestations, and the cure. Nature The nature of the inferiority complex includes definition, distinction from the superiority complex, and causes. Inferiority complex may be defined as: An abnormal or pathological state which, due to the tendency of the complex to draw unrelated ideas into itself, leads the individual to depreciate himself, to become unduly sensitive, to be too eager for praise and flattery, and to adopt a derogatory attitude toward others.1 This definition is the basis of the following discussion. How to Distinguish from a Superiority Complex: The genuine superiority complex is not superficial conceit but the consciousness of superiority developed from the feeling of personal cleverness, ability superior to their peers, and easy accomplishment of difficult tasks.
    [Show full text]
  • THE INFLATED SELF the INFLATED SELF Human Illusions and the Biblical Call to Hope
    THE INFLATED SELF THE INFLATED SELF Human Illusions and the Biblical Call to Hope DAVID G. MYERS The Seabury Press * New York 1981 The Seabury Press 815 Second Avenue New York, N.Y. 10017 Copyright © 1980 by David G. Myers All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, storedin a retrieval system, or transmitted, in anyform or by anymeans, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the written permission of The Seabury Press. Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Catalogingin Publication Data Myers, David G The inflated self. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Good and evil. 2. Beliefand doubt. 3. Hope. I. Title. BJ1401.M86 24r.3 80-16427 ISBN: 0-8I64-2326-I Grateful acknowledgment is made to the following publishers for per mission to use the materials listed: American Psychological Association for a chart excerpted from "Meta- Analysis of Psychotherapy Outcome Studies," by Mary Lee Smith and Gene V. Glass which appeared in volume 32 of the American Psychologist. Faber and Faber Ltd for excerpts from "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" and "The Hollow Men" in Collected Poems 1909-1962 byT. S. Eliot. Harcourt BraceJovanovich, Inc. for excerptsfrom "The LoveSongof J. AlfredPrufrock" in Collected Poems 1909-1962 byT. S. Eliot, and for excerpts from the "The Hollow Men" in Collected Poems 1909- 1962 by T. S. Eliot, copyright 1936by Harcourt BraceJovanovich, Inc.; copyright 1963, 1964 by T. S. Eliot. Three Rivers PoetryJournal for the poem "The Healers" by Jack Ridl. To my parents Kenneth Gordon Myers Luella Nelson Myers Lord, I have given up my pride and turned away from my arrogance.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Relational Dysfunction In
    Psychology Research, August 2019, Vol. 9, No.8, 303-318 doi:10.17265/2159-5542/2019.08.001 D DAVID PUBLISHING Understanding Relational Dysfunction in Borderline, Narcissistic, and Antisocial Personality Disorders: Clinical Considerations, Presentation of Three Case Studies, and Implications for Therapeutic Intervention Genziana Lay Private Psychotherapy Practice, Sassari, Italy Personality disorders are a class of mental disorders involving enduring maladaptive patterns of behaving, thinking, and feeling which profoundly affect functioning, inner experience, and relationships. This work focuses on three Cluster B personality disorders (PDs) (Borderline, Narcissistic, and Antisocial PDs), specifically illustrating how relational dysfunction manifests in each condition. People with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) experience pervasive instability in mood, behavior, self-image, and interpersonal patterns. In relationships, they tend to alternate between extremes of over-idealization and devaluation. Intense fear of abandonment, fluctuating affect, inappropriate anger, and black/white thinking deeply influence how they navigate personal relationships, which are often unstable, chaotic, dramatic, and ultimately destructive. They have a fundamental incapacity to self-soothe the explosive emotional states they experience as they oscillate between fears of engulfment and abandonment. This leads to unpredictable, harmful, impulsive behavior and chronic feelings of insecurity, worthlessness, shame, and emptiness. Their relationships are explosive, marked by hostility/contempt for self and partner alternating with bottomless neediness. Manipulation, lying, blaming, raging, and “push-pull” patterns are common features. Individuals with Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) exhibit a long-standing pattern of grandiosity and lack of empathy. They have an exaggerated sense of self-importance, are self-absorbed, feel entitled, and tend to seek attention. Scarcely concerned with others’ feelings, they can be both charming and exploitative.
    [Show full text]
  • Dunning–Kruger Effect - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    Dunning–Kruger effect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning–Kruger_effect Dunning–Kruger effect From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Dunning–Kruger effect is a cognitive bias in which unskilled individuals suffer from illusory superiority, mistakenly rating their ability much higher than average. This bias is attributed to a metacognitive inability of the unskilled to recognize their mistakes.[1] Actual competence may weaken self-confidence, as competent individuals may falsely assume that others have an equivalent understanding. David Dunning and Justin Kruger of Cornell University conclude, "the miscalibration of the incompetent stems from an error about the self, whereas the miscalibration of the highly competent stems from an error about others".[2] Contents 1 Proposal 2 Supporting studies 3 Awards 4 Historical references 5 See also 6 References Proposal The phenomenon was first tested in a series of experiments published in 1999 by David Dunning and Justin Kruger of the Department of Psychology, Cornell University.[2][3] They noted earlier studies suggesting that ignorance of standards of performance is behind a great deal of incompetence. This pattern was seen in studies of skills as diverse as reading comprehension, operating a motor vehicle, and playing chess or tennis. Dunning and Kruger proposed that, for a given skill, incompetent people will: 1. tend to overestimate their own level of skill; 2. fail to recognize genuine skill in others; 3. fail to recognize the extremity of their inadequacy; 4. recognize and acknowledge their own previous lack of skill, if they are exposed to training for that skill. Dunning has since drawn an analogy ("the anosognosia of everyday life")[1][4] with a condition in which a person who suffers a physical disability because of brain injury seems unaware of or denies the existence of the disability, even for dramatic impairments such as blindness or paralysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Psychodynamics of Narcissism—A Psychological Approach
    Psychodynamics of Narcissism—A Psychological Approach Roohi Research Scholar in English Dept of HSS, Andhra University College of Engineering Andhra University Visakhapatnam India Abstract: Loving yourself is not a sin, but being obsessed with one‟s own happiness and letting others to suffer is „Narcissism‟. This disease is unique as the one who is suffering from narcissism may not realize that he is a „Narcissist‟ and in some cases a narcissist fails to cure his disease as he refuses to understand the suffering caused by him to others. A narcissist is dangerous to himself and the society. He can be cured if he discovers of what he is suffering with and realizes that only he can heal himself .i.e. „Narcissists are the cure to their own poison‟. Keywords: Character disorder, ego-strengthening, Ego State Therapy, false self, hypnosis, hypnotic age progression, narcissism, personality Introduction: The word „Narcissism‟ originated from Greek mythology, where the handsome young king „Narcissus‟ fell in love with his own image reflected in a pool of water. Narcissism is a strange disease, it is visible to others but veiled to the deceased, a person suffering from narcissism is a threat to himself and the society. It is a psychological problem which needs attention and prevention. Except in the sense of primary narcissism or healthy self-love, narcissism is usually www.ijellh.com 156 considered as a problem in a person's or group's relationships with self and others. Narcissism is not the same as egocentrism. According to K.W. Campbell and J.D Foster in an article published in PA: Psychology Press.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversion Tactics
    Diversion Tactics U N D E R S T A N D I N G M A L A D A P T I V E B E H A V I O R S I N R E L A T I O N S H I P S Toxic people often engage in maladaptive behaviors in relationships that ultimately exploit, demean and hurt their intimate partners, family members and friends. They use a plethora of diversionary tactics that distort the reality of their victims and deflect responsibility. Abusive people may employ these tactics to an excessive extent in an effort to escape accountability for their actions. Here are 20 diversionary tactics toxic people use to silence and degrade you. 1 Diversion Tactics G A S L I G H T I N G Gaslighting is a manipulative tactic that can be described in different variations three words: “That didn’t happen,” “You imagined it,” and “Are you crazy?” Gaslighting is perhaps one of the most insidious manipulative tactics out there because it works to distort and erode your sense of reality; it eats away at your ability to trust yourself and inevitably disables you from feeling justified in calling out abuse and mistreatment. When someone gaslights you, you may be prone to gaslighting yourself as a way to reconcile the cognitive dissonance that might arise. Two conflicting beliefs battle it out: is this person right or can I trust what I experienced? A manipulative person will convince you that the former is an inevitable truth while the latter is a sign of dysfunction on your end.
    [Show full text]
  • PERSONALITY CHALLENGES and the IMPACT on CHILD CUSTODY DISPUTES Mark Lovinger, Ph.D., MSCP Melissa Seagro LISW-S
    4/6/21 PERSONALITY CHALLENGES AND THE IMPACT ON CHILD CUSTODY DISPUTES Mark Lovinger, Ph.D., MSCP Melissa Seagro LISW-S ASSOCIATION OF FAMILY AND CONCILIATION COURTS OHIO CHAPTER ANNUAL CONFERENCE APRIL 7, 2021 1 SESSION OVERVIEW • Overview of the three clusters of personality disorders, their similarities, which clusters are typically observed in high contentious child custody cases • Identify five personality disorders typically seen in contentious child custody cases and how these disturbances can impact litigant’s ability to negotiate parenting plans • Analyze strategies that can be used to engage litigants who portray traits/features of a personality disturbance 2 1 4/6/21 Disclaimer • Attending this seminar shall not be construed as permission to diagnose personality disorders. • Should you believe someone has a personality disorder, it is best to keep it to yourself and not disclose your thoughts directly to the individual. 3 The Basics • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fifth Ed. defines a personality traits as “…enduring patters of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself that are exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contexts.” (pg. 647) • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fifth Ed. defines a personality disorder as “…an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impairment.” (pg. 645) There are a total of 10 personality disorders. • Personality traits that are inflexible, maladaptive, significant functional impairment/subjective stress, cannot be better accounted for as a medical diagnosis (ex.
    [Show full text]
  • The “Hero Syndrome”
    The Hero Syndrome 1 THE “HERO SYNDROME” Sergeant Ben D. Cross Arkansas State Police School of Law Enforcement Supervision Session XLIII November 1, 2014 The Hero Syndrome 2 INTRODUCTION Hero, a word we all associate with accolades of praise upon an individual who has done a selfless or exemplary act. A word defined by dictionary standards as: A person noted for feats of courage or nobility of purpose, especially one who has risked or sacrificed his or her life. (The American Heritage College Dictionary, Third Edition) Syndrome, a word we usually associate with a negative connotation, almost as if it were a contagious disease. A word defined by dictionary standards as: A group of symptoms that collectively indicate or characterize a disease or another abnormal condition. A complex of symptoms indicating the existence of an undesirable condition or quality. A distinctive or characteristic pattern of behavior. (The American Heritage College Dictionary, Third Edition) The pairing of these two words to describe a condition known in the main stream media as “The Hero Syndrome” brings rise to a variety of pre-conceived notions as to the origins, facts, myths, and ultimately, the reality of what this disorder encompasses. This paper will delve into the history, current trends, investigative practices, (or lack thereof), and the detriment to the law enforcement profession when occurrences of this nature come to light. I hope to also bring stark awareness to law enforcement managers who “look the other way” and do not readily and aggressively deal with this problem head on. BACKGROUND The so called Hero Syndrome is not actually a syndrome at all.
    [Show full text]
  • December 15, 2008 Perspectives in Theory
    December 15, 2008 Perspectives in Theory: Anthology of Theorists affecting the Educational World Editors: Misty M. Bicking, Brian Collins, Laura Fernett, Barbara Taylor, Kathleen Sutton Shepherd University Table Of Contents Abstract_______________________________________________________________________4 Alfred Adler ___________________________________________________________________5 Melissa Bartlett Mary Ainsworth _______________________________________________________________17 Misty Bicking Alois Alzheimer _______________________________________________________________30 Maura Bird Albert Bandura ________________________________________________________________45 Lauren Boyer James A. Banks________________________________________________________________59 Adel D. Broadwater Vladimir Bekhterev_____________________________________________________________72 Thomas Cochrane Benjamin Bloom_______________________________________________________________86 Brian Collins John Bowlby and Attachment Theory ______________________________________________98 Colin Curry Louis Braille: Research_________________________________________________________111 Justin Everhart Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Model___________________________________________124 Kristin Ezzell Jerome Bruner________________________________________________________________138 Laura Beth Fernett Noam Chomsky Stubborn Without________________________________________________149 Jamin Gibson Auguste Comte _______________________________________________________________162 Heather Manning
    [Show full text]
  • Validation of Adlerian Inferiority (Compin) and Superiority (Sucomp) Complex Shortened Scales
    CIVITAS, 2017, 7(2), 13-35 www.civitas.rs Đorđe Čekrlija1 doi: 10.5937/Civitas1701013C Dijana Đurić2 UDC 159.923 Biljana Mirković3 316.37 Original scientifc paper Received: 30.05.2017. Accepted: 25.07.2017. VALIDATION OF ADLERIAN INFERIORITY (COMPIN) AND SUPERIORITY (SUCOMP) COMPLEX SHORTENED SCALES Abstract: Te main purpose of this study is to examine the inferiority and superiority complex scales, and develop their shortened versions. For this purpose two studies were conducted. In the frst study, 395 stu- dents (62% female) were tested, and the inferiority (COMPIN, 40 items) and superiority complex (SUCOMP, 38 items) scales were analyzed. Te examination of their psychometric properties indicated satisfactory psychometric features. Based on the values of communality, item-total correlation and scale principal component saturation, ten items were chosen for shortened scales. Te exploratory factor analysis of the shor- tened scales clearly identifed two factors that represent inferiority and superiority complex. In the second study, the sample consisted of 187 students (53% female). A confrmative factor analysis was carried out. Te structural model consists of two correlated, identifable dimensions and adequate ft indicators. Overall results sugest that the Adlerian con- cepts are adequately operationalized in COMPIN and SUCOPM scales. Tese scales can be valuable research tools in psychological research. Furthermore, shortened COMPIN-10 and SUCOMP-10 scales seem to be useful tools for measuring the inferiority and superiority complex. 1 Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci, [email protected] 2 ZFMR Dr Miroslav Zotović , Banja Luka 3 Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci Tis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
    [Show full text]
  • Narcissism and the American Dream in Arthur Miller's
    Narcissism and the American Dream in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman Narcissism och den amerikanska drömmen i Arthur Millers en handelsresandes död. Fredrik Artan Faculty of Arts and Education Subject: English Points:15.0 Supervisor: Magnus Ullén Examiner: Anna Swärdh 2014-06-18 Serial number Abstract This essay focuses on the theme of the American Dream in relation to narcissism in Miller’s Death of a salesman. The purpose is to demonstrate that a close reading of the main protagonist, Willy Loman, suggests that his notion of success in relation to the American Dream can be regarded as narcissistic. This essay will examine this by first observing how Willy´s notion of success is represented in the play, then look at how his understanding of it can be viewed from a narcissistic standpoint. The results I have found in my analysis show that there is a connection between Willy’s understanding of success and his narcissistic behavior. He displays traits such as grandiosity, arrogance, need of specialness and denial of emotions. His relationship with other characters reveals his lack of empathy, manipulation and exploitation of others as well as his need of superiority and fear of inferiority. The conclusion is that Willy and his notion of success could be considered as narcissistic. Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 The American Dream .............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]