The Middle Colonies
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2 the Middle Colonies
TERMS & NAMES 2 TheThe MiddleMiddle Colonies:Colonies: cash crop gristmill diversity FarFar ms ms andand CitiesCities artisan Conestoga wagon MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW The people who settled in the States in this region still boast Middle Colonies made a society of some of the most diverse great diversity. communities in the world. ONE AMERICAN’S STORY Elizabeth Ashbridge was only 19 years old when she arrived in America from England in the 1730s. Even though she was young, she had already been married and widowed. And although she was an indentured servant, she hoped to earn her freedom and find a way to express her strong religious feelings. After several years, Elizabeth did gain freedom. She started to search for a religion that she could devote her life to. Finally, in the colony of Pennsylvania, she found what she was looking for—the Society of Friends, or Quakers. The new Quaker longed to share her beliefs openly. A VOICE FROM THE PAST I was permitted to see that all I had gone through was to prepare me for this day; and that the time was near, when it would be required of me, to go and declare to others what the God of mercy had done for my soul. A woman speaks out at a Quaker Elizabeth Ashbridge, Some Account . of the Life of Elizabeth Ashbridge meeting. The Society of Friends allowed women a more active role than other religions. The Quakers believed that people of different beliefs could live together in harmony. They helped to create a climate of tolerance and acceptance in the Middle Colonies of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. -
The English Take Control DIFFERENTIATING INSTRUCTION
CHAPTER 3 • SECTION 4 New Netherland As you read in Chapter 2, in the early 1600s the Dutch built the colony of New Netherland along the Hudson River in what is now New York State. The colony’s largest town, New Amsterdam, was founded on Manhattan Island in 1625. New Amsterdam was built to defend the Dutch More About . West India Company’s fur trading settlements along the Hudson River. Peter Stuyvesant, the colony’s governor, expanded New Netherland by Religious Refugees taking over the nearby colony of New Sweden in 1655. The Swedes had settled the land along the Delaware River in 1638. in Pennsylvania The Dutch West India Company set up the patroon system to attract more In England, thousands of Quakers went settlers. A patroon was a person who brought 50 settlers to New Netherland. to jail for their beliefs, especially after As a reward, a patroon received a large land grant. He also received hunting, Charles II gained the throne in 1660. fishing, and fur trading privileges. The patroon system brought great wealth Some made their way to Maryland and to the colony’s elite. Massachusetts in the 1650s, but after The social system also included many slaves. Although their lives were William Penn founded a Quaker colony in harsh, they enjoyed some rights of movement and property ownership. 1681, many more arrived. A Tolerant Society In the 17th century the Netherlands had one of the Besides Quakers, several other small religious most tolerant societies in Europe. Dutch settlers brought this religious toleration to their colony. -
Life in the Colonies
CHAPTER 4 Life in the Colonies 4.1 Introduction n 1723, a tired teenager stepped off a boat onto Philadelphia’s Market Street wharf. He was an odd-looking sight. Not having luggage, he had I stuffed his pockets with extra clothes. The young man followed a group of “clean dressed people” into a Quaker meeting house, where he soon fell asleep. The sleeping teenager with the lumpy clothes was Benjamin Franklin. Recently, he had run away from his brother James’s print shop in Boston. When he was 12, Franklin had signed a contract to work for his brother for nine years. But after enduring James’s nasty temper for five years, Franklin packed his pockets and left. In Philadelphia, Franklin quickly found work as a printer’s assistant. Within a few years, he had saved enough money to open his own print shop. His first success was a newspaper called the Pennsylvania Gazette. In 1732, readers of the Gazette saw an advertisement for Poor Richard’s Almanac. An almanac is a book, published annually, that contains information about weather predictions, the times of sunrises and sunsets, planting advice for farmers, and other useful subjects. According to the advertisement, Poor Richard’s Almanac was written by “Richard Saunders” and printed by “B. Franklin.” Nobody knew then that the author and printer were actually the same person. In addition to the usual information contained in almanacs, Franklin mixed in some proverbs, or wise sayings. Several of them are still remembered today. Here are three of the best- known: “A penny saved is a penny earned.” “Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.” “Fish and visitors smell in three days.” Poor Richard’s Almanac sold so well that Franklin was able to retire at age 42. -
Introducing New Amsterdam One Useful Way to Understand History Is to Forget “History” and Instead Think of the Introducing Past in Terms of Archaeology
Life in New Amsterdam Educator Resource Guide This guide is made possible by The Netherlands Consulate General in New York. Russell Shorto Introducing New Amsterdam One useful way to understand history is to forget “history” and instead think of the Introducing past in terms of archaeology. Think of layers of civilization, one on top of the other. New Amsterdam Now imagine yourself with a shovel, standing on the surface. You begin digging into the layers of America’s story, searching for its beginnings. You dig through the 20th century, and reach the 19th, finding remnants of the era of horse–drawn buggies, of the Civil War, of the advent of steam–engines. You dig further, and come to the American Revolution: the powdered wigs, the muskets, the gentlemen in Philadelphia grandly inscribing their signatures to a document declaring their independence from Great Britain. This is it: the bedrock of American culture and history, the bottom layer. But no, of course that is not true. Beneath the Revolution lies the colonial period, with its cities burgeoning, its tobacco plantations worked by slaves, its residents thinking of themselves not so much as Americans but as Virginians or Pennsylvanians or New Yorkers. This, then, surely, is the bedrock, the root of all later American history. Actually, no. For the colonies of the 18th century have their roots in the 17th century. Many of these original European settlements — Virginia, the Massachusetts Bay Colony — were English. But not all of them were. This volume explores one of those earliest colonies, which was not founded by the English and which, though largely forgotten in the standard telling of American history, exerted an enormous influence on American culture. -
History and Genealogy of the Vreeland Family
.0^ . ^ovV : ^^^* • .rC^^'^.t.'^ . O .V . 4:^ "^^ o.* "^ v° *^' %- 'd- m^ ^^^ \ a/ "O* - '^^ .^'-^ "<*>. n"^ ,o«<.- -^^ ^ Vol •.°' ^^ aO ^ './ >:^^:- >. aV .^j^^^. Nicholas Garretson \'reeland. THHR BOOK: Wriltenarranged ^adaptgd BY ON E OF THEM WWW OIMT^oN VREELSIND Title parte and ofcher* di-awing/s by FR.flNCI5 WILLIAM Vl^EELflND^ Printed by CHflUNCELY H O L T- NOa7V^NDEPy%'" 3TIIEE.T • NEW YORK: HISTORY GENEALOGY of the VREELAND FAMILY Edited by NICHOLAS GARRETSON VREELAND HISTORICAL PUBLISHING CO. Jersey City, Nert) Jersey MDCCCCIX sT 1'^ \(\ •2> (At Copyright 1909 BY Nicholas G. Vrekland Cla.A,a3<* 112 JUL 28 1909 1 : table:contentsof CHAPTER. TITLE. PAGE. Foreword. 9 Preface. 10 PART FIRST — THE STORY OF HOLLAND. 1 In Day.s of Caesar 17 2 Fifteen Centuries of Struggle 20 3 The Dutch take Holland 21 4 Chaos leads to System 23 5 Dutch War Songs 24 Beggars of the Sea 24 Moeder Holland 29 Oranje Boven 30 6 Independence at Last 31 7 Holland and its People 33 8 Holland of To-day 41 PART SECOND — THE STORY OF AMERICA. 9 The American Birthright (Poem)... 49 10 In the New World, 1609-38 53 1 On Communipaw's Shore, 1646 57 12 Settlement of Bergen, 1660 59 13 Religion and Education 61 14 Battledore and Shuttlecock, 1664-74 63 15 Paulus Hook, 1800 66 16 From Youth to Manhood, 1840- 1909 69 17 Manners and Customs 73 18 Nomenclature 76 19 The True Dutch Influence 83 20 Land Titles 90 PART THIRD — THE STORY OF THE VREELANDS. 2 An Old Vreeland Family 99 22 The Town Vreeland, in Holland 104 CONTENTS—Continued. -
Gert Jan Bestebreurtje Rare Books Catalogue
GERT JAN BESTEBREURTJE RARE BOOKS CATALOGUE 215 - TRAVEL GERT JAN BESTEBREURTJE Rare Books Langendijk 8, 4132 AK Vianen The Netherlands Telephone +31-(0)347 - 322548 E-mail: [email protected] Visit our Web-page at http://www.gertjanbestebreurtje.com CATALOGUE 215 – TRAVEL Prices are quoted in euro, for clients within the European Community VAT will be added to the prices. Illustration on cover no 64 HAAFNER, Jacob. Reize naar Bengalen en terugreize naar Europa. Amsterdam, Johannes van der Hey, 1822. Wiert Adels, the master and boatswain of the Dutch ship De Bloeyende Blom 1 ADELS, Wiert. Wiert Adels. Stuurman op het Hollandsch kofschip De Bloeijende Blom, die zig van dezen bodem, na dat dezelve door de Franschen genomen, met veel bravoure meester gemaakt en den 5 Augustus te Hellevoet opgebracht heeft. (Middelburg), W.A. Keel, (1796). Half-length mezzotint portrait by Charles Howard Hodges after Jacobus Perkois. Ca. 26,5 x 21,5 cm. (Margins trimmed). € 275,00 Wiert Adels was steersman for the ship De Bloeyende Blom which was bringing grain from the Baltic port of Libau. A Duinkerk privateer seized his ship but after a few days he managed to recapture his ship and to seize the chief of the privateers and to throw him overboard. Thus he succeeded to bring his ship into Hellevoetsluis in 1794. This fine engraved portrait of a brave sailor was done by the mezzotint master Hodges (1764-1837) after a drawing by Perkois (1756-1804). Cf. Van Someren 227; Muller, Portetten, 17; Van der Feltz 626. Attack on the Jesuits’ attitude towards the Chinese rites 2 (ALEXANDRE, NOëL). -
THE MIDDLE COLONIES New York Settling the Middle [Or “Restoration”] Colonies Old Netherlanders at New Netherlands
THE MIDDLE COLONIES New York Settling the Middle [or “Restoration”] Colonies Old Netherlanders at New Netherlands 1600s Golden Age of Dutch history. Major commercial and naval power. Challenging England on the seas. 3 major Anglo-Dutch Wars . Major colonial power [mainly in the East Indies]. Henry Hudson’s Voyages New Netherlands New Netherlands founded in the Hudson River area (1623-1624) . Established by Dutch West India Company for quick-profit fur trade. Company wouldn’t pay much attention to the colony. Manhattan [New Amsterdam] Purchased by Company for pennies per (22,000) acre. New Amsterdam Harbor, 1639 Company town run in interests of the stockholders. No interest in religious toleration, free speech, or democracy. Governors appointed by the Company were autocratic. Religious dissenters against Dutch Reformed Church [including Quakers] were persecuted. Local assembly with limited power to make laws established after repeated protests by colonists. New Amsterdam, 1660 Characteristics of New Amsterdam: . Aristocratic patroonships [feudal estates granted to promoters who would settle 50 people on them]. Cosmopolitan diverse population with many different languages. New York Manors & Land Grants Patroonships New Netherlands & New Sweden Swedes in New Netherlands Mid-1600s Sweden in Golden Age settled small, under-funded colony [called “New Sweden”] near New Netherland. 1655 Dutch under director-general Peter Stuyvesant attack New Sweden. Main fort fell after bloodless siege. New Sweden absorbed into New Netherland. New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal Colony Charles II granted New Netherland’s land to his brother, the Duke of York, [before he controlled the area!] 1664 English soldiers arrived. Dutch had little ammunition and poor defenses. -
Everyday Life in a Dutch Colony
Everyday Life in a Dutch Colony An Educational Resource from the New York State Archives Compelling Question: How do people succeed in a new place or environment? Courtesy: Len Tantillo Bakers in the Colony Objective: Describe the purpose of bakers in the colony and explain how bakers contributed to daily life in the colony. Essential Question: How did bakers contribute to the growth and success of the colony? Historical Background: Bread was the main staple of the Dutch diet both in the Netherlands and in the colony of New Netherland. Residents of the colony ate at least three times a day and bread was a key part of every meal. Bread in New Netherland was made mostly from wheat which could be grown in abundance in this part of the world. Bakers baked both rye and wheat bread. White bread was the most desirable bread and therefore was consumed mainly by the wealthier residents of the colony. Baking was a labor-intensive process that required significant amounts of time. The ovens were built with large bricks designed to stay hot for long periods of time. First, the baker would heat the oven with wood and clean out the residue when the oven was hot enough. Then the oven would be wiped clean with a wet cloth attached to the end of a stick. The baker had to knead the dough by hand or foot. Rye bread had to bake for 12 hours, while wheat bread had to rise twice and bake for an hour. The baker would blow his horn when the bread was ready so that his customers would know they could now purchase the bread and other baked goods. -
Van Rensselaer Family
.^^yVk. 929.2 V35204S ': 1715769 ^ REYNOLDS HISTORICAL '^^ GENEALOGY COLLECTION X W ® "^ iiX-i|i '€ -^ # V^t;j^ .^P> 3^"^V # © *j^; '^) * ^ 1 '^x '^ I It • i^© O ajKp -^^^ .a||^ .v^^ ^^^ ^^ wMj^ %^ ^o "V ^W 'K w ^- *P ^ • ^ ALLEN -^ COUNTY PUBLIC LIBR, W:^ lllillllli 3 1833 01436 9166 f% ^' J\ ^' ^% ^" ^%V> jil^ V^^ -llr.^ ^%V A^ '^' W* ^"^ '^" ^ ^' ?^% # "^ iir ^M^ V- r^ %f-^ ^ w ^ '9'A JC 4^' ^ V^ fel^ W' -^3- '^ ^^-' ^ ^' ^^ w^ ^3^ iK^ •rHnviDJ, ^l/OL American Historical Magazine VOL 2 JANUARY. I907. NO. I ' THE VAN RENSSELAER FAMILY. BY W. W. SPOONER. the early Dutch colonial families the Van OF Rensselaers were the first to acquire a great landed estate in America under the "patroon" system; they were among the first, after the English conquest of New Netherland, to have their possessions erected into a "manor," antedating the Livingstons and Van Cortlandts in this particular; and they were the last to relinquish their ancient prescriptive rights and to part with their hereditary demesnes under the altered social and political conditions of modem times. So far as an aristocracy, in the strict understanding of the term, may be said to have existed under American institu- tions—and it is an undoubted historical fact that a quite formal aristocratic society obtained throughout the colonial period and for some time subsequently, especially in New York, — the Van Rensselaers represented alike its highest attained privileges, its most elevated organization, and its most dignified expression. They were, in the first place, nobles in the old country, which cannot be said of any of the other manorial families of New York, although several of these claimed gentle descent. -
The Archaeology of 17Th-Century New Netherland Since1985: an Update Paul R
Northeast Historical Archaeology Volume 34 From the Netherlands to New Netherland: The Archaeology of the Dutch in the Old and New Article 6 Worlds 2005 The Archaeology of 17th-Century New Netherland Since1985: An Update Paul R. Huey Follow this and additional works at: http://orb.binghamton.edu/neha Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Huey, Paul R. (2005) "The Archaeology of 17th-Century New Netherland Since1985: An Update," Northeast Historical Archaeology: Vol. 34 34, Article 6. https://doi.org/10.22191/neha/vol34/iss1/6 Available at: http://orb.binghamton.edu/neha/vol34/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by The Open Repository @ Binghamton (The ORB). It has been accepted for inclusion in Northeast Historical Archaeology by an authorized editor of The Open Repository @ Binghamton (The ORB). For more information, please contact [email protected]. Northeast Historical Archaeology/Vol. 34,2005 95 The Archaeology of 17th-Century New Netherland Since 1985: An Update Paul R. Huey . In 1985, a number of goals and research questions were proposed in relation to the archaeology of' pre-1664 sites in the Dutch colony of New Netherland. Significant Dutch sites were subsequently ~xcavated in Albany, Kingston, and other places from 1986 through 1988, while a series of useful publications con tinued to be produced after 1988. Excavations at historic period Indian sites also continued after 1988 . Excavations in 17th-century sites from Maine to Maryland have revealed extensive trade contacts with New Netherland and the Dutch, while the Jamestown excavations have indicated the influence of the Dutch !n the early history of Virginia. -
Before Albany
Before Albany THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK Regents of the University ROBERT M. BENNETT, Chancellor, B.A., M.S. ...................................................... Tonawanda MERRYL H. TISCH, Vice Chancellor, B.A., M.A. Ed.D. ........................................ New York SAUL B. COHEN, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. ................................................................... New Rochelle JAMES C. DAWSON, A.A., B.A., M.S., Ph.D. ....................................................... Peru ANTHONY S. BOTTAR, B.A., J.D. ......................................................................... Syracuse GERALDINE D. CHAPEY, B.A., M.A., Ed.D. ......................................................... Belle Harbor ARNOLD B. GARDNER, B.A., LL.B. ...................................................................... Buffalo HARRY PHILLIPS, 3rd, B.A., M.S.F.S. ................................................................... Hartsdale JOSEPH E. BOWMAN,JR., B.A., M.L.S., M.A., M.Ed., Ed.D. ................................ Albany JAMES R. TALLON,JR., B.A., M.A. ...................................................................... Binghamton MILTON L. COFIELD, B.S., M.B.A., Ph.D. ........................................................... Rochester ROGER B. TILLES, B.A., J.D. ............................................................................... Great Neck KAREN BROOKS HOPKINS, B.A., M.F.A. ............................................................... Brooklyn NATALIE M. GOMEZ-VELEZ, B.A., J.D. ............................................................... -
European Nations Settle North America MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW TERMS & NAMES
2 European Nations Settle North America MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW TERMS & NAMES EMPIRE BUILDING Several The English settlers in North •New France • New European nations fought for America left a legacy of law and •Jamestown Netherland control of North America, and government that guides the • Pilgrims •French and England emerged victorious. United States today. • Puritans Indian War • Metacom SETTING THE STAGE Spain’s successful colonization efforts in the Americas did not go unnoticed. Other European nations, such as England, France, and the Netherlands, soon became interested in obtaining their own valuable colonies. The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in 1494, had divided the newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal. However, other European countries ignored the treaty. They set out to build their own empires in the Americas. This resulted in a struggle for North America. Competing Claims in North America TAKING NOTES Clarifying Use a chart to Magellan’s voyage showed that ships could reach Asia by way of the Pacific record information about Ocean. Spain claimed the route around the southern tip of South America. Other early settlements. European countries hoped to find an easier and more direct route to the Pacific. If it existed, a northwest trade route through North America to Asia would Name of General become highly profitable. Not finding the route, the French, English, and Dutch Settlement Location instead established colonies in North America. New France Explorers Establish New France The early French explorers sailed west with New dreams of reaching the East Indies. One explorer was Giovanni da Verrazzano Netherland (VEHR•uh•ZAHN•noh), an Italian in the service of France.