Belgian Veterinary Surveillance of Antibacterial Consumption National
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(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2009/0163484 A1 Heep Et Al
US 200901 63484A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2009/0163484 A1 Heep et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jun. 25, 2009 (54) PHARMACEUTICALS CONTAINING (30) Foreign Application Priority Data FLUOROQUINOLONES (75) Inventors: Iris Heep, Köln (DE); Kristine Mar. 8, 2006 (DE) ......................... 102O06O10642.3 Rigi,R. Dormagen Publication Classification (DE); Markus Edingloh, (51) Int. Cl. Leverkusen (DE) A 6LX 3/5.395 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: A63/496 (2006.01) BSER HEALTHCARE LLC A 6LX 3L/24709 (2006.01) P.O.BOX390 A6II 47/20 (2006.01) SHAWNEE MISSION, KS 66201 (US) A6IP3L/04 (2006.01) (73) Assignee: BAYER ANIMAL, HEALTH (52) U.S. Cl. ................. 514/229.2: 514/253.08: 514/300; GMBH, LEVERKUSEN (DE) 514/769; 514/772 (21) Appl. No.: 12/280,996 (57) ABSTRACT (22) PCT Filed: Feb. 23, 2007 The invention relates to pharmaceutical formulations in liq uid form, containing fluoroquinolones and antioxidative Sul (86). PCT No.: PCT/EP2007/001568 phur compounds. The formulations are particularly Suitable S371 (c)(1), for parenteral uses and are distinguished, interalia, by good (2), (4) Date: Oct. 31, 2008 tolerance. US 2009/0163484 A1 Jun. 25, 2009 PHARMACEUTICALS CONTAINING reconstitution, or must be discarded directly as the result of FLUOROQUINOLONES the possibility of particle formation. Accordingly, a ready-to use solution is advantageous as solution for injection. 0006. It is furthermore necessary that a suitable amount of the fluoroquinolone enters the serum after the administration, 0001. The invention relates to pharmaceutical formula as this is also described in WO99/29322. Again, this is not a tions in liquid form comprising fluoroquinolones and antioxi matter of course with injectable fluoroquinolone formula dant Sulphur compounds. -
A Review of Enrofloxacin for Veterinary Use Tessa Trouchon, Sebastien Lefebvre
A Review of Enrofloxacin for Veterinary Use Tessa Trouchon, Sebastien Lefebvre To cite this version: Tessa Trouchon, Sebastien Lefebvre. A Review of Enrofloxacin for Veterinary Use. Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2016, 6 (2), pp.40-58. 10.4236/ojvm.2016.62006. hal-01503397 HAL Id: hal-01503397 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01503397 Submitted on 7 Apr 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2016, 6, 40-58 Published Online February 2016 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojvm http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojvm.2016.62006 A Review of Enrofloxacin for Veterinary Use Tessa Trouchon, Sébastien Lefebvre USC 1233 INRA-Vetagro Sup, Veterinary School of Lyon, Marcy l’Etoile, France Received 12 January 2016; accepted 21 February 2016; published 26 February 2016 Copyright © 2016 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract This review outlines the current knowledge on the use of enrofloxacin in veterinary medicine from biochemical mechanisms to the use in the field conditions and even resistance and ecotoxic- ity. -
Antibiotic Therapy of Cholera in Children,*
Bull. Org. mond. Santo 1967, 37, 529-538 Bull. Wld filth Org. Antibiotic Therapy of Cholera in Children,* JOHN LINDENBAUM,1 WILLIAM B. GREENOUGH 2 & M. R. ISLAM In a controlled trial of the effects of oral antibiotics in treating cholera in children in Dacca, East Pakistan, tetracycline was the most effective of 4 antibiotics tested in reducing stool volume, intravenous fluid requirement, and the duration of diarrhoea and positive stool culture. Increasing the duration of tetracycline therapy from 2 to 4 days, or increasing the total dose administered, resulted in shorter duration ofpositive culture, but did not affect stool volume or duration ofdiarrhoea. Only I % of the children receiving tetracycline had diarrhoea for more than 4 days. Tetracycline was significantly more effective than intravenous fluid therapy alone, regardless of severity of disease. Chloramphenicol, while also effective, was inferior to tetracycline. Streptomycin and paromomycin exerted little or no effect on the course of illness or duration of positive culture. Therapeutic failures with these drugs were not due to the development ofbacterial resistance. From these findings, tetracycline appears to be the drug of choice against Vibrio cholerae infection in children. Oral therapy for 48 hours is effective clinically, but is associated with 20% bacteriological relapses when the drug is discontinued; it is not known whether extending the therapy for a week or more would eliminate such relapses. In recent years several groups have conducted replacement was compared with treatment with clinical trials of antibiotic therapy in adult patients intravenous fluids only. with cholera (Greenough et al., 1964; Carpenter et al., 1966; Uylangco et al., 1965, 1966; Kobari, METHODS AND MATERIALS 1965; Lindenbaum et al., 1967). -
Antimicrobial Resistance in Companion Animal Pathogens in Australia and Assessment of Pradofloxacin on the Gut Microbiota
Antimicrobial resistance in companion animal pathogens in Australia and assessment of pradofloxacin on the gut microbiota Sugiyono Saputra A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences The University of Adelaide February 2018 Table of Contents Thesis Declaration ...................................................................................................................... iii Dedication ................................................................................................................................. iv Acknowledgement ...................................................................................................................... v Preamble .................................................................................................................................... vi List of Publications ..................................................................................................................... vii Abstract .......................................................................................................................................ix Chapter 1 General Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Antimicrobials and their consequences ............................................................................ 2 1.2. The emergence and monitoring AMR................................................................................ 2 -
Antibiotic Use Guidelines for Companion Animal Practice (2Nd Edition) Iii
ii Antibiotic Use Guidelines for Companion Animal Practice (2nd edition) iii Antibiotic Use Guidelines for Companion Animal Practice, 2nd edition Publisher: Companion Animal Group, Danish Veterinary Association, Peter Bangs Vej 30, 2000 Frederiksberg Authors of the guidelines: Lisbeth Rem Jessen (University of Copenhagen) Peter Damborg (University of Copenhagen) Anette Spohr (Evidensia Faxe Animal Hospital) Sandra Goericke-Pesch (University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover) Rebecca Langhorn (University of Copenhagen) Geoffrey Houser (University of Copenhagen) Jakob Willesen (University of Copenhagen) Mette Schjærff (University of Copenhagen) Thomas Eriksen (University of Copenhagen) Tina Møller Sørensen (University of Copenhagen) Vibeke Frøkjær Jensen (DTU-VET) Flemming Obling (Greve) Luca Guardabassi (University of Copenhagen) Reproduction of extracts from these guidelines is only permitted in accordance with the agreement between the Ministry of Education and Copy-Dan. Danish copyright law restricts all other use without written permission of the publisher. Exception is granted for short excerpts for review purposes. iv Foreword The first edition of the Antibiotic Use Guidelines for Companion Animal Practice was published in autumn of 2012. The aim of the guidelines was to prevent increased antibiotic resistance. A questionnaire circulated to Danish veterinarians in 2015 (Jessen et al., DVT 10, 2016) indicated that the guidelines were well received, and particularly that active users had followed the recommendations. Despite a positive reception and the results of this survey, the actual quantity of antibiotics used is probably a better indicator of the effect of the first guidelines. Chapter two of these updated guidelines therefore details the pattern of developments in antibiotic use, as reported in DANMAP 2016 (www.danmap.org). -
Swedres-Svarm 2010
SVARM|2010 Swedish Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Content Swedish Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring 2010 Preface .............................................................................................3 Guidance for readers ........................................................................4 Editors Summary ..........................................................................................5 Björn Bengtsson, Helle Ericsson Unnerstad, Sammanfattning...............................................................................7 Christina Greko, Ulrika Grönlund Andersson and Annica Landén Use of antimicrobials .......................................................................9 Department of Animal Health and Zoonotic bacteria ...........................................................................14 Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Salmonella ...................................................................................14 Institute (SVA) SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden Campylobacter .............................................................................18 Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ....................19 Authors Highlight: Escherichia coli with ESBL - or transferrable Björn Bengtsson, Helle Ericsson Unnerstad, AmpC-type resistance in broilers .............................................22 Christina Greko, Ulrika Grönlund Andersson and Annica Landén Indicator bacteria ...........................................................................24 -
An Investigation of Class 1 Integrons and Integrase Gene In
AN INVESTIGATION OF CLASS 1 INTEGRONS AND INTEGRASE GENE IN ESCHERICHIA COLI AND MANNHEIMIA HAEMOLYTICA FROM BEEF CATTLE IN WESTERN CANADA A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Guelph by MATTHEW LESLIE In partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science May, 2011 © Matthew Leslie, 2011 Library and Archives Bibliotheque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington OttawaONK1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Vote reference ISBN: 978-0-494-82791-8 Our We Notre r6f6rence ISBN: 978-0-494-82791-8 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciaies ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. -
AMEG Categorisation of Antibiotics
12 December 2019 EMA/CVMP/CHMP/682198/2017 Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary use (CVMP) Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) Categorisation of antibiotics in the European Union Answer to the request from the European Commission for updating the scientific advice on the impact on public health and animal health of the use of antibiotics in animals Agreed by the Antimicrobial Advice ad hoc Expert Group (AMEG) 29 October 2018 Adopted by the CVMP for release for consultation 24 January 2019 Adopted by the CHMP for release for consultation 31 January 2019 Start of public consultation 5 February 2019 End of consultation (deadline for comments) 30 April 2019 Agreed by the Antimicrobial Advice ad hoc Expert Group (AMEG) 19 November 2019 Adopted by the CVMP 5 December 2019 Adopted by the CHMP 12 December 2019 Official address Domenico Scarlattilaan 6 ● 1083 HS Amsterdam ● The Netherlands Address for visits and deliveries Refer to www.ema.europa.eu/how-to-find-us Send us a question Go to www.ema.europa.eu/contact Telephone +31 (0)88 781 6000 An agency of the European Union © European Medicines Agency, 2020. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Categorisation of antibiotics in the European Union Table of Contents 1. Summary assessment and recommendations .......................................... 3 2. Introduction ............................................................................................ 7 2.1. Background ........................................................................................................ -
Case 2:17-Cv-03768-CMR Document 3-1 Filed 10/31/17 Page 1 of 243
Case 2:17-cv-03768-CMR Document 3-1 Filed 10/31/17 Page 1 of 243 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA IN RE: GENERIC PHARMACEUTICALS MDL 2724 PRICING ANTITRUST LITIGATION 16-MD-2724 ____________________________________ HON. CYNTHIA M. RUFE IN RE: STATE ATTORNEYS GENERAL LEAD CASE: 16-AG-27240 CASES ____________________________________ THIS DOCUMENT RELATES TO: ALL STATE ATTORNEYS GENERAL ACTIONS November __, 2017 ____________________________________ THE STATE OF CONNECTICUT; THE STATE OF ALABAMA; PLAINTIFF STATES' [PROPOSED] THE STATE OF ALASKA; CONSOLIDATED AMENDED THE STATE OF ARIZONA; COMPLAINT THE STATE OF ARKANSAS; THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA; THE STATE OF COLORADO; THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA; THE STATE OF DELAWARE; Public Version THE STATE OF FLORIDA; THE STATE OF HAWAII; THE STATE OF IDAHO; THE STATE OF ILLINOIS; THE STATE OF INDIANA; THE STATE OF IOWA; THE STATE OF KANSAS; THE COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY; THE STATE OF LOUISIANA; THE STATE OF MAINE; THE STATE OF MARYLAND; THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS; THE STATE OF MICHIGAN; THE STATE OF MINNESOTA; THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI; THE STATE OF MISSOURI; THE STATE OF MONTANA; THE STATE OF NEBRASKA; THE STATE OF NEVADA; Case 2:17-cv-03768-CMR Document 3-1 Filed 10/31/17 Page 2 of 243 THE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE; THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY; THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO; THE STATE OF NEW YORK; THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA; THE STATE OF NORTH DAKOTA; THE STATE OF OHIO; THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA; THE STATE OF OREGON; THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA; THE COMMONWEALTH OF PUERTO RICO; THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA; THE STATE OF TENNESSEE; THE STATE OF UTAH; THE STATE OF VERMONT; THE COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA; THE STATE OF WASHINGTON; THE STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA; THE STATE OF WISCONSIN; v. -
Conjunctivitis Or Worse?
Red Eye in Dogs and CatS: Conjunctivitis or Worse? Tracy Revoir, DVM Senior Manager of Veterinary Support, Dechra Veterinary Products It should come as no surprise that conjunctivitis is Common Causes of Conjunctivitis the most common ophthalmic disorder in dogs and cats. But because the clinical signs of conjunctivitis If you do confirm conjunctivitis, the next step is can mimic those of more serious ophthalmic identifying the cause. If both eyes are affected and diseases (glaucoma and uveitis), it’s important to abnormal clinical signs are apparent in other body confirm your diagnosis. systems, think underlying systemic disease. If only one eye is affected, rule out infection, tear film What are important clues to the severity of the deficiencies, an irritant, anatomical abnormality, condition? With conjunctivitis, the inflammation or deeper ocular disease. should be limited to the conjunctiva. Hyperemic conjunctival vessels are superficial, branching, In dogs, conjunctivitis can result from anatomical and bright red. They are movable over the deeper disorders, irritants, infection (usually bacterial), or episcleral vessels and can be blanched with topical atopy. Most bacterial infections are secondary dilute phenylephrine. With glaucoma and uveitis, the conditions, most often to allergies. In cats, herpes- episcleral vessels are engorged; they are dark red, virus and Chlamydophila felis are the most common deep, straight, and immobile and do not blanch with causes of conjunctivitis. Atopy can also be topical dilute phenylephrine. With conjunctivitis, an issue in cats. the Schirmer tear test and intraocular pressures are normal. And the cornea should be clear and no aqueous flare should be present. The pupil and Addressing the Problem pupillary responses are normal and intraocular structures should be visible. -
Polymyxin B & Colistin Dosing Tip Sheet
Stanford Antimicrobial Safety & Sustainability Program Polymyxin B & Colistin Dosing Tip Sheet What: Polymyxin B is preferred over Colistin (polymyxin E) for infections due to multidrug resistant gram- negative bacilli at Stanford Health Care. SHC formulary restriction criteria – Polymyxin B 1. Infectious Disease Consultation and ID recommendation for use 2. Cystic Fibrosis team SHC formulary restriction criteria – Colistin 1. Treatment of urinary tract infections 2. Inhalation route Why: Polymyxin B and Colistin have the same spectrum of activity. However, Polymyxin B has favorable clinical pharmacologic properties compared to Colistin o Polymyxin B is an active drug, whereas Colistin is administered as the prodrug colistimethate sodium (CMS) and has variable and slow (hours) conversion to the active moiety o Polymyxin B may be less nephrotoxic How: Polymyxin B and Colistin dosing is NOT interchangeable o Polymyxin B is usually dosed by “unit”, not “mg” o Note that with Polymyxin B, each 500,000 units is diluted in 300-500mL: a typical dose may result in 1L of fluid o Consult ID pharmacists if MIC ≥ 2 for alternative dosing strategies Dosing 50-79 30-49 10-29 IHD Route ≥80 mL/min mL/min mL/min mL/min CRRT Polymyxin B No Data; Use actual body IV 7,500 – 12,500 units/kg Q12H Consult ID weight; adjusted body wt for obese pharmacist 2.5 mg/kg 1.5 mg/kg 5 mg/kg/day 1.25–1.9 mg/kg Q24H 1.5 mg/kg Q24-48h Colistin IV in 2-3 divided -OR- Use ideal body Q12H Q36H 2.5 mg/kg weight doses 1.25 mg/kg Q12h Q12-24H Doses expressed in colistin base activity Inhalation 150 mg inhalation Q12H Conversions: Colistimethate sodium 1 mg = ~12,500 units of colistimethate sodium Colistimethate sodium ~2.67 mg = 1 mg of colistin base activity 1 mg colistin base activity (CBA) = 30,000 IU colistin 1 mg polymyxin B = 10,000 IU polymyxin B Orig date: 2/23/2015 LM, EM Stanford Antimicrobial Safety & Sustainability Program References: Micromedex online, accessed 2/17/2016 Nelson, Brian C., et al. -
55 - Fao Fnp 41/16
PIRLIMYCIN First draft prepared by Lynn G. Friedlander, Rockville, MD, United States Gérard Moulin, Fougères, France IDENTITY Chemical Names: (2S-cis)-Methyl 7-chloro-6,7,8-trideoxy-6-[[(4-ethyl-2- piperidinyl)carbonyl]amino]-1-thio-L-threo-alpha-D-galactooctopyranoside monohydrochloride, hydrate Synonyms: Pirlimycin hydrochloride PIRSUE® Sterile Solution PNU-57930E Structural formula: Molecular formula: C17H31O5N2ClS • HCl • xH2O Molecular weight: 447.42 (without the water of hydration) OTHER INFORMATION ON IDENTITY AND PROPERTIES Pure active ingredient: Pirlimycin Appearance: White crystalline powder Melting point: 210.5 – 212.5°C with decomposition Solubility (g/L) of pH dependent aqueous: 70 at pH 4.5 Pirlimycin: 3 at pH 13 Protic organic solvents: ≥ 100 Other organic solvents: ≤ 10 Optical rotation: +170° to +190° UVmax: >220 nm - 55 - FAO FNP 41/16 RESIDUES IN FOOD AND THEIR EVALUATION Conditions of use General Pirlimycin hydrochloride is a lincosamide antibiotic with activity against the Gram-positive organisms. Pirlimycin has been shown to be efficacious for the treatment of mastitis in lactating dairy cattle caused by sensitive organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, S. uberis and S. dysgalactiae. The general mechanism of action of the lincosamides (lincomycin, clindamycin and pirlimycin) is inhibition of protein synthesis in the bacterial cell, specifically by binding to the 50s ribosomal subunit and inhibiting the peptidyl transferase, with subsequent interference with protein synthesis. Dosage The optimum dose rate for pirlimycin has been established as 50 mg of free base equivalents per quarter administered twice at a 24-hour interval by intramammary infusion of a sterile aqueous solution formulation. For extended therapy, daily treatment may be repeated for up to 8 consecutive days.