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German Hegemony and the Socialist International's Place in Interwar
02_EHQ 31/1 articles 30/11/00 1:53 pm Page 101 William Lee Blackwood German Hegemony and the Socialist International’s Place in Interwar European Diplomacy When the guns fell silent on the western front in November 1918, socialism was about to become a governing force throughout Europe. Just six months later, a Czech socialist could marvel at the convocation of an international socialist conference on post- war reconstruction in a Swiss spa, where, across the lake, stood buildings occupied by now-exiled members of the deposed Habsburg ruling class. In May 1923, as Europe’s socialist parties met in Hamburg, Germany, finally to put an end to the war-induced fracturing within their ranks by launching a new organization, the Labour and Socialist International (LSI), the German Communist Party’s main daily published a pull-out flier for posting on factory walls. Bearing the sarcastic title the International of Ministers, it presented to workers a list of forty-one socialists and the national offices held by them in Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Belgium, Poland, France, Sweden, and Denmark. Commenting on the activities of the LSI, in Paris a Russian Menshevik émigré turned prominent left-wing pundit scoffed at the new International’s executive body, which he sarcastically dubbed ‘the International Socialist Cabinet’, since ‘all of its members were ministers, ex-ministers, or prospec- tive ministers of State’.1 Whether one accepted or rejected its new status, socialism’s virtually overnight transformation from an outsider to a consummate insider at the end of Europe’s first total war provided the most striking measure of the quantum leap into what can aptly be described as Europe’s ‘social democratic moment’.2 Moreover, unlike the period after Europe’s second total war, when many of socialism’s basic postulates became permanently embedded in the post-1945 social-welfare-state con- European History Quarterly Copyright © 2001 SAGE Publications, London, Thousand Oaks, CA and New Delhi, Vol. -
The Trade Union Movement in Belgium
INTERNATIONAL'TRADE UNION LIBRARY • No.1 THE TRADE UNION MOVEMENT IN BELGIUM By C, MERTENS General Secretary or tne -Relgian Trade Union Commissiort . 1925 PUBLISHED BY THE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF TRADE UNIONS 31TESSELSCHADESTRAAT,AMSTERDAM (1) INTRODUCTION. This 'brief account does not claim to be a history of the Beh1;ian Trade Union movement; its aim is more modest. It confines itself to of.iering the reader an opportunity of getting some idea of the way in which the movement first began, how it has developed, 'What its lactivities and structure are, the success it has achieved; and finally, what we may hope an{\ expect for the future. We have of course dealt more .particulady with thelrad~ Union Commission (1) and the organisations connested with it. It has been a great honour to us to be able to aoare in the establishment of an organisation which, we may assE;rt without f.ear of exaggeration land with legitimate ·pride, constitutes one of the finest bodies in the international army of \ organised workers of the 1. f. T. U., which has its headquarters at Amsterdam. I We trust that our booklet wiU help to make 1IIiIl~ BelgiaA Trade Union movement better known3.!lJQ1J~~rreign com rades. Ifor the more we get to-tnowa'!'vut ,our nei·ghbours and the better we learn to un{\erstand on;: .lllother, the stronger will :become the tiee;: of comradeship wh~ch unite the organised workers throu~;!Out the world; and thus one day shaUthe new society vhich we are making patient and strenuous efforts to construct be fully realised. -
Sub-State Nationalism and Populism: the Cases of Vlaams Belang
Comp Eur Polit https://doi.org/10.1057/s41295-018-0144-z ORIGINAL ARTICLE Sub‑state nationalism and populism: the cases of Vlaams Belang, New Flemish Alliance and DéFI in Belgium Emilie van Haute1 · Teun Pauwels1 · Dave Sinardet2 © Springer Nature Limited 2018 Abstract This contribution assesses whether populism is inherently embedded in and combined with the ideology of sub-state nationalist parties, using Belgium as a case study. We argue that sub-state nationalist parties tend to emphasize the opposition between a territorial community (‘us’) versus a dominant center (‘them’), a dichotomous view that could overlap with the populist ideology focusing on the opposition between the homogeneous people and the ‘corrupt’ elite. We compare the policy positions of the three major sub-state nationalist parties that operate in Belgium: the Vlaams Belang, the New Flemish Alliance (N-VA) and Democrat Federalist Independent, using their manifestos and membership magazines between 2010 and 2015. We show that the manner in which sub-state nationalist parties com- bine their stances on territoriality to a populist rationale depends on their relation- ship to power (government vs. opposition). In doing so, this contribution uniquely relates populism to the territorial dimension of Belgian politics. Keywords Populism · Sub-state nationalism · Belgium · Political parties * Emilie van Haute [email protected] Teun Pauwels [email protected] Dave Sinardet [email protected] 1 Department of Political Science, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50 – CP 124, 1050 Brussels, Belgium 2 Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium E. van Haute et al. Introduction This paper focuses on the territorial dimension of populism, or the populist dimen- sion of sub-state nationalism. -
Comparative Political Data Set, 1960-2019 Codebook
1 Codebook: Comparative Political Data Set, 1960-2019 Codebook: COMPARATIVE POLITICAL DATA SET 1960-2019 Klaus Armingeon, Sarah Engler and Lucas Leemann The Comparative Political Data Set 1960-2019 (CPDS) is a collection of political and institutional data which have been assembled in the context of the research projects “Die Handlungsspielräume des Nationalstaates” and “Critical junctures. An international comparison” directed by Klaus Armingeon and funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation. This data set consists of (mostly) annual data for 36 democratic OECD and/or EU- member countries for the period of 1960 to 2019. In all countries, political data were collected only for the democratic periods.1 The data set is suited for cross-national, longitudinal and pooled time-series analyses. The present data set combines and replaces the earlier versions “Comparative Political Data Set I” (data for 23 OECD countries from 1960 onwards) and the “Comparative Political Data Set III” (data for 36 OECD and/or EU member states from 1990 onwards). A variable has been added to identify former CPDS I countries. For additional detailed information on the composition of government in the 36 countries, please consult the “Supplement to the Comparative Political Data Set – Government Composition 1960-2019”, available on the CPDS website. The Comparative Political Data Set contains some additional demographic, socio- and economic variables. However, these variables are not the major concern of the project and are thus limited in scope. For more in-depth sources of these data, see the online databases of the OECD, Eurostat or AMECO. When using data from this data set, please quote both the data set and, where appropriate, the original source. -
Towards a Unified Theory Analysing Workplace Ideologies: Marxism And
Marxism and Racial Oppression: Towards a Unified Theory Charles Post (City University of New York) Half a century ago, the revival of the womens movementsecond wave feminismforced the revolutionary left and Marxist theory to revisit the Womens Question. As historical materialists in the 1960s and 1970s grappled with the relationship between capitalism, class and gender, two fundamental positions emerged. The dominant response was dual systems theory. Beginning with the historically correct observation that male domination predates the emergence of the capitalist mode of production, these theorists argued that contemporary gender oppression could only be comprehended as the result of the interaction of two separate systemsa patriarchal system of gender domination and the capitalist mode of production. The alternative approach emerged from the debates on domestic labor and the predominantly privatized character of the social reproduction of labor-power under capitalism. In 1979, Lise Vogel synthesized an alternative unitary approach that rooted gender oppression in the tensions between the increasingly socialized character of (most) commodity production and the essentially privatized character of the social reproduction of labor-power. Today, dual-systems theory has morphed into intersectionality where distinct systems of class, gender, sexuality and race interact to shape oppression, exploitation and identity. This paper attempts to begin the construction of an outline of a unified theory of race and capitalism. The paper begins by critically examining two Marxian approaches. On one side are those like Ellen Meiksins Wood who argued that capitalism is essentially color-blind and can reproduce itself without racial or gender oppression. On the other are those like David Roediger and Elizabeth Esch who argue that only an intersectional analysis can allow historical materialists to grasp the relationship of capitalism and racial oppression. -
Workers' Education in Belgium by Henri De MAN General Secretary of the National Committee for Workers' Education
Workers' Education in Belgium by Henri de MAN General Secretary of the National Committee for Workers' Education IDE by side with the labour movement as a whole, and more especially with the trade union movement, there have S grown up of recent years a number of educational organisa tions which stand in a unique relation to education in general. Their object is to provide adult workers with the knowledge which they need in order to share in the leadership of the organised labour movement. It is interesting to study the new methods by which the labour movement in various countries is endeavouring to meet this new need. Mention may be made of Ruskin College, Oxford, the Labour College, London, and the Scottish Labour College, the new Education Committee of the Trades Union Congress, and the Workers' Educational Associa tion in Great Britain ; of all the organisations affiliated to the Workers' Education Bureau of America ; and of the education committees of the Socialist Parties and the works councils schools of the General Federation of Trade Unions in Germany. In this article a description is given of the corresponding organisation in the Belgian labour movement, namely the National Committee for Workers' Education (•*). This Committee is perhaps more representative than any similar organisation, since the movement for working-class education in Belgium is more highly centralised and co-ordinated than in any other country. This is chiefly due to the close co-operation between the three branches of the labour movement, the political Labour Party, the trade unions, and the co-operative societies. -
Scangate Document
Opuscula Historica Upsaliensia utges av Historiska institutionen vid Uppsala universitet och syftar till att sprida information om den forskning som bedrivs på institutionen. Huvudredaktör: Asa Karlsson. Redaktion: Gudrun Andersson, Håkan Gunneriusson och Karin Jansson. Löpande prenumeration tecknas genom skriftlig anmälan till Opuscula, Historiska institutionen, S:t Larsgatan 2, 753 10 Uppsala. Enstaka nummer kan beställas från Historiska institutionen. För ytterligare information kontakta på telefon 018-47115 42, telefax 018-47115 28 eller E-post: [email protected], Karin.J [email protected] Guises of Power Integration of society and legitimisation of power in Sweden and the Southern Low Countries ca 1500-1900 Maria Ågren, Asa Karlsson and Xavier Rousseaux (eds.) Distribution Department of History, S:t Larsgatan 2, SE-753 10 Uppsala, Sweden Cover: Håkan Belin © The Authors Graphics and layout: Chripa Fotograf & Reklam Printed in Sweden by: X-O Graf Tryckeri AB Uppsala 2001 ISSN 0284-8783 ISBN 91-506-1423-1 Contents Preface 5 Maria Ågren, Asa Karlsson and Xavier Rousseux A Modern Year for a Modern Mind. The replacement of holidays by dates in Swedish legal ordinances 11 Henrik Ågren Gender as Symbolic Capital? Women and property in the seven- teenth and eighteenth centuries 23 Gudrun Andersson Identity and Integration. Student unrest in early modern Uppsala Lars Geschwind. 33 Legitimisation of Resistance: The Argumentation of Rebellious Peasants, 1742-43 45 Karin Sennefelt Spatial Integration at the District Courts in Seventeenth -
The Challenges and the Nature of Consociationalism in the 20Th and 21St Centuries: the Case of Belgium and the Netherlands
The Challenges and the Nature of Consociationalism in the 20th and 21st Centuries: The Case of Belgium and the Netherlands Author: Anna Vajas Student Number: 104517007 MA in Governance, Leadership and Democracy Studies Supervisor: Éva dr. Kőváriné Ignáth Lisbon, March 2020 The approximate number of words: 24 600 (excluding the bibliography and annexes). SUMMARY The phenomenon of populism has been a passionately debated topic of political science. Many among political thinkers, theorists and actual decision-makers have not only shared a common point of interest and concern, but they also have approached from a variety of different aspects. As can be witnessed in current times, the threat of the populist “awakening” has not exclusively been the experience of relatively recently democratized countries, but also of enduring and stable democracies. The present thesis is to serve as the introduction and comparison of two examples with consociational arrangement, from the latter category – namely, of Belgium and the Netherlands. The core of my inquiry lies in the fundamental discrepancy between the traditional eagerness of conventional parties to cooperate and the populist parties with the intention to oppose the arrangement of the former. According to my supposition, the political activity of the Vlaams Belang in Belgium and the Partij Voor de Vrijheid in the Netherlands generates a tense relation to the consociational arrangement. Namely, these populist factions articulate an exclusive idea of the society – “the people” – which seems to oppose the inclusive nature of consociationalism. Also, their anti-establishment nature contrasts the cooperation and consensus of the elite, whom tend to react to this rather “antisocial” political behaviour with a sort of dissociation, the application of the so-called cordon sanitaire. -
Codebook CPDS I 1960-2013
1 Codebook: Comparative Political Data Set, 1960-2013 Codebook: COMPARATIVE POLITICAL DATA SET 1960-2013 Klaus Armingeon, Christian Isler, Laura Knöpfel, David Weisstanner and Sarah Engler The Comparative Political Data Set 1960-2013 (CPDS) is a collection of political and institu- tional data which have been assembled in the context of the research projects “Die Hand- lungsspielräume des Nationalstaates” and “Critical junctures. An international comparison” directed by Klaus Armingeon and funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation. This data set consists of (mostly) annual data for 36 democratic OECD and/or EU-member coun- tries for the period of 1960 to 2013. In all countries, political data were collected only for the democratic periods.1 The data set is suited for cross-national, longitudinal and pooled time- series analyses. The present data set combines and replaces the earlier versions “Comparative Political Data Set I” (data for 23 OECD countries from 1960 onwards) and the “Comparative Political Data Set III” (data for 36 OECD and/or EU member states from 1990 onwards). A variable has been added to identify former CPDS I countries. For additional detailed information on the composition of government in the 36 countries, please consult the “Supplement to the Comparative Political Data Set – Government Com- position 1960-2013”, available on the CPDS website. The Comparative Political Data Set contains some additional demographic, socio- and eco- nomic variables. However, these variables are not the major concern of the project and are thus limited in scope. For more in-depth sources of these data, see the online databases of the OECD, Eurostat or AMECO. -
Climate Change
CORPORATE DESIGN MANUAL STAND VOM 08.12.2010 STUDY CONVENIENT TRUTHS Mapping climate agendas of right-wing populist parties in Europe Stella Schaller and Alexander Carius IMPRINT © 2019 adelphi consult GmbH Publisher Berlin, 26 .02. 2019 adelphi consult GmbH Alt-Moabit 91, 10559 Berlin Authors P: +49 (030) 89 000 68-0 Stella Schaller and Alexander Carius F: +49 (030) 89 000 68-10 [email protected] Design & Cover www.adelphi.de Sebastian Vollmar vividshapes.com Suggested Citation Schaller, Stella and Alexander Carius (2019): Printer Convenient Truths: Mapping climate agendas H. Heenemann GmbH & Co. KG of right-wing populist parties in Europe Bessemerstraße 83, 12103 Berlin Berlin: adelphi. Disclaimer The analysis, results and recommendations in this paper represent the opinion of the authors and are not necessarily representative of the position of any of the organisations listed above. For the texts in this publication, adelphi grants a license under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International. You may reproduce and share the licensed materi- al if you name adelphi as follows: “© adelphi, CC-BY ND 4.0”. Photographs and graphics are not covered by this license. In case of doubt please contact adelphi prior to reusing the material. Acknowledgements We wish to thank Katarina Schulz for her valuable support in collecting qualitative and quanti- tative data with utmost care, translating statements from numerous languages, providing back- ground information and for her help throughout the analysis. We also thank Johannes Ackva, who provided succinct comments and expertise that greatly improved the research, and for his support in interpreting the data results. -
Organisation of the Education System in the German-Speaking Community of Belgium, 2009/10
Organisation of the education system in the German-speaking Community of Belgium 2009/2010 BE de European Commission EURYBASE BELGIUM – German-speaking Community 1. POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC BACKGROUND AND TRENDS ................................ 7 1.1. Historical overview...................................................................................................... 7 1.2. Main Executive and Legislative Bodies ...................................................................... 9 1.2.1. Federal Institutions .............................................................................................. 9 1.2.2. The Institutions of Communities and Regions.................................................. 10 1.2.3. Provinces ............................................................................................................ 12 1.2.4. Municipalities ..................................................................................................... 13 1.3. Religions .................................................................................................................... 13 1.4. Official and Minority Languages .............................................................................. 13 1.5. Demographic Situation ............................................................................................ 15 1.6. Economic Situation................................................................................................... 16 1.7. Statistics.................................................................................................................... -
The London School of Economics and Political Science
The London School of Economics and Political Science «Les Belles Années du Plan»? Hendrik de Man and the Reinvention of Western European Socialism, 1914-36 ca. Tommaso Milani A thesis submitted to the Department of International History of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, September 2017. 1 DECLARATION I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgment is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 99,843 words. 2 ABSTRACT The thesis discusses the trajectory of the Belgian socialist thinker and activist Hendrik de Man (1885-1953) between 1914 and 1936 ca, with particular attention to his endeavours to renew Western European social democracy after the Great War. The first half of the thesis deals with de Man’s theoretical evolution. Having become convinced of the inadequacy of orthodox Marxism as a conceptual framework for the Left while serving as soldier and diplomat during WWI, de Man sought to overcome the split between reformism and revolutionary socialism by developing an ethical conception of socialism outlined in the book Zur Psychologie des Sozialismus (1926) and, subsequently, by elaborating planism, a democratic socialist ideology supposedly more in tune with the socio-economic conditions of the 1930s.