Progressive Palaeontology 2020 Abstract Booklet
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Curriculum Vitae
MAIRIN FRANCESCA ARAGONES BALISI La Brea Tar Pits and Museum, 5801 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90036 [email protected] | mairinbalisi.com EDUCATION 2018 Ph.D., Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California, Los Angeles Dissertation: “Carnivory in the Oligo-Miocene: Resource specialization, competition, and coexistence among North American fossil canids” Advisor: Blaire Van Valkenburgh 2011 M.S., Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Thesis: “Dietary behavior and resource partitioning among the carnivorans of Late Pleistocene Rancho La Brea” 2008 B.A., Integrative Biology and Comparative Literature University of California, Berkeley PROFESSIONAL APPOINTMENTS 2019–present Research Affiliate University of Southern California / Natural History Museum of LA County 2018–present National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellow in Biology La Brea Tar Pits and Museum; University of California, Merced 2014–2018 Graduate Student in Residence, Vertebrate Paleontology Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County PUBLICATIONS ^equal contribution *undergraduate co-author 2020 Balisi MA and B Van Valkenburgh. Iterative evolution of large-bodied hypercarnivory in canids benefits species but not clades. Communications Biology 3:461. (doi:10.1038/s42003-020-01193-9) 2020 Tong, HW, X Chen, B Zhang, B Rothschild, SC White, MA Balisi, and X Wang. Hypercarnivorous teeth and healed injuries in Canis chihliensis from the early Pleistocene Nihewan beds, China, support social hunting for ancestral wolves. PeerJ 8:e9858. (doi:10.7717/peerj.9858) 2020 Dávalos, LM^, RM Austin^, MA Balisi^, RL Begay^, CA Hofman^, ME Kemp^, JR Lund^, C Monroe^, AM Mychajliw^, EA Nelson^, MA Nieves- Colón^, SA Redondo^, S Sabin^, KS Tsosie^, and JM Yracheta^. -
(Early Palaeocene), Withers, 1914
Meded. Werkgr. Tert. Kwart. Geol. 25(2-3) 175-196 2 figs, 1 pi. Leiden, oktober 1988 The biostratigraphy of the Geulhem Member (Early Palaeocene), with reference to the occurrence of Pycnolepas bruennichi Withers, 1914 (Crustacea, Cirripedia) by J.W.M. Jagt Venlo, The Netherlands and J.S.H. Collins London, United Kingdom Jagt, &J.S.H. Collins. The biostratigraphy of the Geulhem reference of Member (Early Palaeocene), with to the occurrence Pyc- nolepas bruennichi Withers, 1914 (Crustacea, Cirripedia).—Meded. Werkgr. Tert. Kwart. Geol., 25(2-3): 175-196, 2 figs, 1 pi. Leiden, October 1988. Valves of the brachylepadomorph cirripede Pycnolepas bruennichi Withers, 1914 are reported from the Early Palaeocene of the environs of Maastricht (The Netherlands and NE Belgium). The occurrenceof this distinctive species provides additional proof of a correlationof the with the in Maastricht Danish Danian Early Palaeocene the area. A discussion of the biostratigraphy of the Geulhem Member (Houthem Formation) from which the cirripede remains were collected is presented. It is concluded that P. bruennichi is restricted to strata of Palaeocene in Denmark well in the Early (Danian) age as as Maastrichtian type area (SE Netherlands, NE Belgium). John W.M. Jagt, 2de Maasveldstraat 47, 5921 JN Venlo, The Netherlands; J. S.H. Collins, 63 Oakhurst Grove, East Dulwich, Lon- don SE22 9AH, United Kingdom. Contents 176 Samenvatting, p. Introduction, p. 176 177 Systematic description, p. and distribution of P. 178 Stratigraphic geographic bruennichi, p. of the Geulhem 182 Stratigraphy Member, p. Conclusion, p. 190 191 Acknowledgements, p. References, p. 191. 176 Samenvatting De de Geulhem Kalksteen voorkomen biostratigrafie van (Vroeg Paleoceen) naar aanleiding van het 1914 van Pycnolepas bruennichi Withers, (Crustacea, Cirripedia). -
Chapter 2 Paleozoic Stratigraphy of the Grand Canyon
CHAPTER 2 PALEOZOIC STRATIGRAPHY OF THE GRAND CANYON PAIGE KERCHER INTRODUCTION The Paleozoic Era of the Phanerozoic Eon is defined as the time between 542 and 251 million years before the present (ICS 2010). The Paleozoic Era began with the evolution of most major animal phyla present today, sparked by the novel adaptation of skeletal hard parts. Organisms continued to diversify throughout the Paleozoic into increasingly adaptive and complex life forms, including the first vertebrates, terrestrial plants and animals, forests and seed plants, reptiles, and flying insects. Vast coal swamps covered much of mid- to low-latitude continental environments in the late Paleozoic as the supercontinent Pangaea began to amalgamate. The hardiest taxa survived the multiple global glaciations and mass extinctions that have come to define major time boundaries of this era. Paleozoic North America existed primarily at mid to low latitudes and experienced multiple major orogenies and continental collisions. For much of the Paleozoic, North America’s southwestern margin ran through Nevada and Arizona – California did not yet exist (Appendix B). The flat-lying Paleozoic rocks of the Grand Canyon, though incomplete, form a record of a continental margin repeatedly inundated and vacated by shallow seas (Appendix A). IMPORTANT STRATIGRAPHIC PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS • Principle of Original Horizontality – In most cases, depositional processes produce flat-lying sedimentary layers. Notable exceptions include blanketing ash sheets, and cross-stratification developed on sloped surfaces. • Principle of Superposition – In an undisturbed sequence, older strata lie below younger strata; a package of sedimentary layers youngs upward. • Principle of Lateral Continuity – A layer of sediment extends laterally in all directions until it naturally pinches out or abuts the walls of its confining basin. -
Subcommission on Permian Stratigraphy International
Number 30 June 1997 A NEWSLETTER OF THE SUBCOMMISSION ON PERMIAN STRATIGRAPHY SUBCOMMISSION ON PERMIAN STRATIGRAPHY INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON STRATIGRAPHY INTERNATIONAL UNION OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES (IUGS) Table of Contents Notes from the SPS Secretary...................................................................................................................-1- Claude Spinosa Note from the SPS Chairman....................................................................................................................-2- Bruce R. Wardlaw Proposed new chronostratigraphic units for the Upper Permian ..............................................................-3- Amos Salvador Comments on Subdivisions of the Permian and a Standard World Scale ................................................-4- Neil W. Archbold and J. Mac Dickins Permian chronostratigraphic subdivisions ................................................................................................-5- Jin Yugan, Bruce R. Wardlaw, Brian F. Glenister and Galina V. Kotlyar The Permian Time-scale ...........................................................................................................................-6- J. B. Waterhouse Sequence Stratigraphy along Aidaralash Creek and the Carboniferous/Permian GSSP ..........................-8- Walter S. Snyder and Dora M. Gallegos Upper Paleozoic Fusulinacean Biostratigraphy of the Southern Urals ...................................................-11- Vladimir I. Davydov, Walter S. Snyder and Claude Spinosa Cordaitalean -
The Polyp and the Medusa Life on the Move
The Polyp and the Medusa Life on the Move Millions of years ago, unlikely pioneers sparked a revolution. Cnidarians set animal life in motion. So much of what we take for granted today began with Cnidarians. FROM SHAPE OF LIFE The Polyp and the Medusa Life on the Move Take a moment to follow these instructions: Raise your right hand in front of your eyes. Make a fist. Make the peace sign with your first and second fingers. Make a fist again. Open your hand. Read the next paragraph. What you just did was exhibit a trait we associate with all animals, a trait called, quite simply, movement. And not only did you just move your hand, but you moved it after passing the idea of movement through your brain and nerve cells to command the muscles in your hand to obey. To do this, your body needs muscles to move and nerves to transmit and coordinate movement, whether voluntary or involuntary. The bit of business involved in making fists and peace signs is pretty complex behavior, but it pales by comparison with the suites of thought and movement associated with throwing a curve ball, walking, swimming, dancing, breathing, landing an airplane, running down prey, or fleeing a predator. But whether by thought or instinct, you and all animals except sponges have the ability to move and to carry out complex sequences of movement called behavior. In fact, movement is such a basic part of being an animal that we tend to define animalness as having the ability to move and behave. -
Available Generic Names for Trilobites
AVAILABLE GENERIC NAMES FOR TRILOBITES P.A. JELL AND J.M. ADRAIN Jell, P.A. & Adrain, J.M. 30 8 2002: Available generic names for trilobites. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 48(2): 331-553. Brisbane. ISSN0079-8835. Aconsolidated list of available generic names introduced since the beginning of the binomial nomenclature system for trilobites is presented for the first time. Each entry is accompanied by the author and date of availability, by the name of the type species, by a lithostratigraphic or biostratigraphic and geographic reference for the type species, by a family assignment and by an age indication of the type species at the Period level (e.g. MCAM, LDEV). A second listing of these names is taxonomically arranged in families with the families listed alphabetically, higher level classification being outside the scope of this work. We also provide a list of names that have apparently been applied to trilobites but which remain nomina nuda within the ICZN definition. Peter A. Jell, Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia; Jonathan M. Adrain, Department of Geoscience, 121 Trowbridge Hall, Univ- ersity of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA; 1 August 2002. p Trilobites, generic names, checklist. Trilobite fossils attracted the attention of could find. This list was copied on an early spirit humans in different parts of the world from the stencil machine to some 20 or more trilobite very beginning, probably even prehistoric times. workers around the world, principally those who In the 1700s various European natural historians would author the 1959 Treatise edition. Weller began systematic study of living and fossil also drew on this compilation for his Presidential organisms including trilobites. -
The Geologic Time Scale Is the Eon
Exploring Geologic Time Poster Illustrated Teacher's Guide #35-1145 Paper #35-1146 Laminated Background Geologic Time Scale Basics The history of the Earth covers a vast expanse of time, so scientists divide it into smaller sections that are associ- ated with particular events that have occurred in the past.The approximate time range of each time span is shown on the poster.The largest time span of the geologic time scale is the eon. It is an indefinitely long period of time that contains at least two eras. Geologic time is divided into two eons.The more ancient eon is called the Precambrian, and the more recent is the Phanerozoic. Each eon is subdivided into smaller spans called eras.The Precambrian eon is divided from most ancient into the Hadean era, Archean era, and Proterozoic era. See Figure 1. Precambrian Eon Proterozoic Era 2500 - 550 million years ago Archaean Era 3800 - 2500 million years ago Hadean Era 4600 - 3800 million years ago Figure 1. Eras of the Precambrian Eon Single-celled and simple multicelled organisms first developed during the Precambrian eon. There are many fos- sils from this time because the sea-dwelling creatures were trapped in sediments and preserved. The Phanerozoic eon is subdivided into three eras – the Paleozoic era, Mesozoic era, and Cenozoic era. An era is often divided into several smaller time spans called periods. For example, the Paleozoic era is divided into the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous,and Permian periods. Paleozoic Era Permian Period 300 - 250 million years ago Carboniferous Period 350 - 300 million years ago Devonian Period 400 - 350 million years ago Silurian Period 450 - 400 million years ago Ordovician Period 500 - 450 million years ago Cambrian Period 550 - 500 million years ago Figure 2. -
Cassiopea Xamachana (Upside-Down Jellyfish)
UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Ecology Cassiopea xamachana (Upside-down Jellyfish) Order: Rhizostomeae (Eight-armed Jellyfish) Class: Scyphozoa (Jellyfish) Phylum: Cnidaria (Corals, Sea Anemones and Jellyfish) Fig. 1. Upside-down jellyfish, Cassiopea xamachana. [http://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large/upside-down-jellyfish-cassiopea-sp-pete-oxford.jpg, downloaded 9 March 2016] TRAITS. Cassiopea xamachana, also known as the upside-down jellyfish, is quite large with a dominant medusa (adult jellyfish phase) about 30cm in diameter (Encyclopaedia of Life, 2014), resembling more of a sea anemone than a typical jellyfish. The name is associated with the fact that the umbrella (bell-shaped part) settles on the bottom of the sea floor while its frilly tentacles face upwards (Fig. 1). The saucer-shaped umbrella is relatively flat with a well-defined central depression on the upper surface (exumbrella), the side opposite the tentacles (Berryman, 2016). This depression gives the jellyfish the ability to stick to the bottom of the sea floor while it pulsates gently, via a suction action. There are eight oral arms (tentacles) around the mouth, branched elaborately in four pairs. The most commonly seen colour is a greenish grey-blue, due to the presence of zooxanthellae (algae) embedded in the mesoglea (jelly) of the body, and especially the arms. The mobile medusa stage is dioecious, which means that there are separate males and females, although there are no features which distinguish the sexes. The polyp stage is sessile (fixed to the substrate) and small (Sterrer, 1986). UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Ecology DISTRIBUTION. -
Highly Diversified Late Cretaceous Fish Assemblage Revealed by Otoliths (Ripley Formation and Owl Creek Formation, Northeast Mississippi, Usa)
Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia (Research in Paleontology and Stratigraphy) vol. 126(1): 111-155. March 2020 HIGHLY DIVERSIFIED LATE CRETACEOUS FISH ASSEMBLAGE REVEALED BY OTOLITHS (RIPLEY FORMATION AND OWL CREEK FORMATION, NORTHEAST MISSISSIPPI, USA) GARY L. STRINGER1, WERNER SCHWARZHANS*2 , GEORGE PHILLIPS3 & ROGER LAMBERT4 1Museum of Natural History, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana 71209, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 2Natural History Museum of Denmark, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. E-mail: [email protected] 3Mississippi Museum of Natural Science, 2148 Riverside Drive, Jackson, Mississippi 39202, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 4North Mississippi Gem and Mineral Society, 1817 CR 700, Corinth, Mississippi, 38834, USA. E-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author To cite this article: Stringer G.L., Schwarzhans W., Phillips G. & Lambert R. (2020) - Highly diversified Late Cretaceous fish assemblage revealed by otoliths (Ripley Formation and Owl Creek Formation, Northeast Mississippi, USA). Riv. It. Paleontol. Strat., 126(1): 111-155. Keywords: Beryciformes; Holocentriformes; Aulopiformes; otolith; evolutionary implications; paleoecology. Abstract. Bulk sampling and extensive, systematic surface collecting of the Coon Creek Member of the Ripley Formation (early Maastrichtian) at the Blue Springs locality and primarily bulk sampling of the Owl Creek Formation (late Maastrichtian) at the Owl Creek type locality, both in northeast Mississippi, USA, have produced the largest and most highly diversified actinopterygian otolith (ear stone) assemblage described from the Mesozoic of North America. The 3,802 otoliths represent 30 taxa of bony fishes representing at least 22 families. In addition, there were two different morphological types of lapilli, which were not identifiable to species level. -
Gondwana Vertebrate Faunas of India: Their Diversity and Intercontinental Relationships
438 Article 438 by Saswati Bandyopadhyay1* and Sanghamitra Ray2 Gondwana Vertebrate Faunas of India: Their Diversity and Intercontinental Relationships 1Geological Studies Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India; email: [email protected] 2Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India; email: [email protected] *Corresponding author (Received : 23/12/2018; Revised accepted : 11/09/2019) https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2020/020028 The twelve Gondwanan stratigraphic horizons of many extant lineages, producing highly diverse terrestrial vertebrates India have yielded varied vertebrate fossils. The oldest in the vacant niches created throughout the world due to the end- Permian extinction event. Diapsids diversified rapidly by the Middle fossil record is the Endothiodon-dominated multitaxic Triassic in to many communities of continental tetrapods, whereas Kundaram fauna, which correlates the Kundaram the non-mammalian synapsids became a minor components for the Formation with several other coeval Late Permian remainder of the Mesozoic Era. The Gondwana basins of peninsular horizons of South Africa, Zambia, Tanzania, India (Fig. 1A) aptly exemplify the diverse vertebrate faunas found Mozambique, Malawi, Madagascar and Brazil. The from the Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic. During the last few decades much emphasis was given on explorations and excavations of Permian-Triassic transition in India is marked by vertebrate fossils in these basins which have yielded many new fossil distinct taxonomic shift and faunal characteristics and vertebrates, significant both in numbers and diversity of genera, and represented by small-sized holdover fauna of the providing information on their taphonomy, taxonomy, phylogeny, Early Triassic Panchet and Kamthi fauna. -
Appendix A. Supplementary Material
Appendix A. Supplementary material Comprehensive taxon sampling and vetted fossils help clarify the time tree of shorebirds (Aves, Charadriiformes) David Cernˇ y´ 1,* & Rossy Natale2 1Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago 60637, USA 2Department of Organismal Biology & Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago 60637, USA *Corresponding Author. Email: [email protected] Contents 1 Fossil Calibrations 2 1.1 Calibrations used . .2 1.2 Rejected calibrations . 22 2 Outgroup sequences 30 2.1 Neornithine outgroups . 33 2.2 Non-neornithine outgroups . 39 3 Supplementary Methods 72 4 Supplementary Figures and Tables 74 5 Image Credits 91 References 99 1 1 Fossil Calibrations 1.1 Calibrations used Calibration 1 Node calibrated. MRCA of Uria aalge and Uria lomvia. Fossil taxon. Uria lomvia (Linnaeus, 1758). Specimen. CASG 71892 (referred specimen; Olson, 2013), California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA. Lower bound. 2.58 Ma. Phylogenetic justification. As in Smith (2015). Age justification. The status of CASG 71892 as the oldest known record of either of the two spp. of Uria was recently confirmed by the review of Watanabe et al. (2016). The younger of the two marine transgressions at the Tolstoi Point corresponds to the Bigbendian transgression (Olson, 2013), which contains the Gauss-Matuyama magnetostratigraphic boundary (Kaufman and Brigham-Grette, 1993). Attempts to date this reversal have been recently reviewed by Ohno et al. (2012); Singer (2014), and Head (2019). In particular, Deino et al. (2006) were able to tightly bracket the age of the reversal using high-precision 40Ar/39Ar dating of two tuffs in normally and reversely magnetized lacustrine sediments from Kenya, obtaining a value of 2.589 ± 0.003 Ma. -
Evaluating the Frasnian-Famennian Mass Extinction: Comparing Brachiopod Faunas
Evaluating the Frasnian-Famennian mass extinction: Comparing brachiopod faunas PAUL COPPER Copper, P. 1998. Evaluating the Frasnian-Famennian mass extinction: Comparing bra- chiopod faunas.- Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 43,2,137-154. The Frasnian-Famennian (F-F) mass extinctions saw the global loss of all genera belonging to the tropically confined order Atrypida (and Pentamerida): though Famen- nian forms have been reported in the literafure, none can be confirmed. Losses were more severe during the Givetian (including the extinction of the suborder Davidsoniidina, and the reduction of the suborder Lissatrypidina to a single genus),but ońgination rates in the remaining suborder surviving into the Frasnian kept the group alive, though much reduced in biodiversity from the late Earb and Middle Devonian. In the terminal phases of the late Palmatolepis rhenana and P linguifurmis zones at the end of the Frasnian, during which the last few Atrypidae dechned, no new genera originated, and thus the Atrypida were extĘated. There is no evidence for an abrupt termination of all lineages at the F-F boundary, nor that the Atrypida were abundant at this time, since all groups were in decline and impoverished. Atypida were well established in dysaerobic, muddy substrate, reef lagoonal and off-reef deeper water settings in the late Givetian and Frasnian, alongside a range of brachiopod orders which sailed through the F-F boundary: tropical shelf anoxia or hypońa seems implausible as a cause for aĘpid extinction. Glacial-interglacial climate cycles recorded in South Ameńca for the Late Devonian, and their synchronous global cooling effect in low latitudes, as well as loss of the reef habitat and shelf area reduction, remain as the most likely combined scenarios for the mass extinction events.